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class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="אתר"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">CAP theorem</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־20 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem" title="CAP theorem – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="CAP theorem" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="نظرية كاب – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظرية كاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_teoremi" title="CAP teoremi – אזרית" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="CAP teoremi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="אזרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_CAP" title="Teorema CAP – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teorema CAP" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_teor%C3%A9m" title="CAP teorém – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="CAP teorém" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP-Theorem" title="CAP-Theorem – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="CAP-Theorem" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_CAP" title="Teorema CAP – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Teorema CAP" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C" title="تئوری سی‌ای‌پی – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تئوری سی‌ای‌پی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me_CAP" title="Théorème CAP – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Théorème CAP" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP-t%C3%A9tel" title="CAP-tétel – הונגרית" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="CAP-tétel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="הונגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_CAP" title="Teorema CAP – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Teorema CAP" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="CAP定理 – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="CAP定理" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC" title="CAP 정리 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="CAP 정리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorema" title="CAP theorema – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="CAP theorema" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teorema_CAP" title="Teorema CAP – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Teorema CAP" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_CAP" title="Теорема CAP – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теорема CAP" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem" title="CAP theorem – אנגלית פשוטה" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="CAP theorem" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית פשוטה" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_CAP" title="Теорема CAP – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теорема CAP" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh_l%C3%BD_CAP" title="Định lý CAP – וייטנאמית" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Định lý CAP" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="וייטנאמית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP%E5%AE%9A%E7%90%86" title="CAP定理 – סינית" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="CAP定理" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="סינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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accesskey="g"><span>פריט ויקינתונים</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="כלי דף"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="מראה"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="אריק ברואר (הדף אינו קיים)">אריק ברואר</a>) קובעת כי עבור <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%96%D7%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="מאגר נתונים מבוזר (הדף אינו קיים)">מאגר נתונים מבוזר</a> אי אפשר להבטיח יותר משתיים מבין שלוש התכונות הבאות: </p> <ul><li><b>עקביות</b> (Consistency) – בכל קריאה מ<a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מסד נתונים">מסד הנתונים</a> מתקבל המידע העדכני ביותר שנכתב או שגיאה.</li> <li><b>זמינות</b> (Availability) – בכל קריאה ממסד הנתונים מתקבלת תשובה (אך לא בהכרח של המידע העדכני ביותר).</li> <li><b>יכולת חלוקה</b> (Partition tolerance) – המערכת ממשיכה לתפקד גם במקרים בהם אובדות או מתעכבות מספר הודעות בין מאגרי הנתונים בגלל בעיות תקשורת.</li></ul> <p>כאשר יש בעיה בהעברת הנתונים בין מאגרי המידע ישנן שתי אופציות כיצד להגיב לקריאה מהמערכת: </p> <ol><li>אישור הבקשה מה שמבטיח זמינות אבל פוגע בעקביות.</li> <li>דחיית הבקשה על מנת לשמור על עקביות אך גורם לפגיעה בזמינות.</li></ol> <p>התאוריה קובעת שבעת שימוש במאגר מידע מבוזר יש לבחור בין עקביות וזמינות ואי אפשר להבטיח את שניהם. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" style="width: 90%; margin: 0.5em auto;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background-color:#b0c4de; background:#d1eeee; padding-top: 0.1em; padding-bottom: 0.1em; text-align: center; color: black; font-weight: bold;"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מסד נתונים">מסד נתונים</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-top: 3px; padding-bottom: 3px; background-color: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%"> <table style="width: 98%; background-color: transparent; margin: auto; padding: 0; text-align: center;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="שדה (אחסון נתונים)">שדה</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94_(%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="רשומה (אחסון נתונים)">רשומה</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99" title="מסד נתונים יחסי">טבלה</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99" title="מפתח ראשי">מפתח ראשי</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%97_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="מפתח מורכב (הדף אינו קיים)">מפתח מורכב</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5" title="קובץ">קובץ</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מסד נתונים">מסד נתונים</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%93_%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="נירמול מסד נתונים">נרמול</a> • <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מודל ישויות קשרים">מודל ישויות קשרים</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CAP theorem</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="stub" style="background-color:#FFFCFC; border-color:#CCCCCC; border-style:double; border-width:3px; clear:both; padding-top:4px; padding-bottom:4px; padding-right:7px; margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 0;vertical-align:middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:P_Computer-science.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/P_Computer-science.svg/25px-P_Computer-science.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/P_Computer-science.svg/38px-P_Computer-science.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/P_Computer-science.svg/50px-P_Computer-science.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> ערך זה הוא <a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8" title="ויקיפדיה:קצרמר">קצרמר</a> בנושא <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91" title="קטגוריה:קצרמר מדעי המחשב">מדעי המחשב</a>. אתם מוזמנים <a href="/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D#כתיבה_בוויקיפדיה" title="ויקיפדיה:ברוכים הבאים">לתרום</a> לוויקיפדיה ו<b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CAP_theorem&action=edit&editintro=%D7%AA%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA%3A%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%2F%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91%D7%94">להרחיב אותו</a></span></b>.</div> 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