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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Substance which accelerates defecation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Catharsis" title="Catharsis">catharsis</a>.</div> <p>In medicine, a <b>cathartic</b> is a substance that <i>accelerates</i> <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a>. This is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a>, which is a substance that <i>eases</i> defecation, usually by softening <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible for a substance to be both a laxative and a cathartic. However, agents such as <a href="/wiki/Psyllium_seed_husks" class="mw-redirect" title="Psyllium seed husks">psyllium seed husks</a> increase the bulk of the feces.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cathartics such as <a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">sorbitol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_citrate" title="Magnesium citrate">magnesium citrate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">sodium sulfate</a> were previously used as a form of <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrointestinal">gastrointestinal</a> decontamination following <a href="/wiki/Poison" title="Poison">poisoning</a> via ingestion. They are no longer routinely recommended for poisonings.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> High-dose cathartics may be an effective means of ridding the lower gastrointestinal tract of toxins; however, they carry a risk of electrolyte imbalances and dehydration.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catharsis can be an effect of <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticide</a> poisonings, such as with elemental <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathartic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Cathartics">Cathartics</a> at the U.S. National Library of Medicine <a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">Medical Subject Headings</a> (MeSH)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilpi.com/msds/ref/catharsis.html">The MSDS HyperGlossary: Catharsis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psylliumhusk.info/">"Psyllium Husk Information"</a>. <i>PsylliumHusk.info</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PsylliumHusk.info&rft.atitle=Psyllium+Husk+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsylliumhusk.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathartic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmerican_Academy_Of_Clinical_ToxicoEuropean_Association_Of_Poisons_Cen2004" class="citation journal cs1">American Academy Of Clinical Toxico; European Association Of Poisons Cen (2004). "Position paper: cathartics". <i>Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology</i>. <b>42</b> (3): 243–53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1081%2FCLT-120039801">10.1081/CLT-120039801</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15362590">15362590</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology.+Clinical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Position+paper%3A+cathartics&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=243-53&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1081%2FCLT-120039801&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15362590&rft.au=American+Academy+Of+Clinical+Toxico&rft.au=European+Association+Of+Poisons+Cen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathartic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamara_McGregor2009" class="citation journal cs1">Tamara McGregor; et al. (2009). "Evaluation and management of common childhood poisonings". <i>Am Fam Physician</i>. <b>79</b> (5): 397–403. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19275069">19275069</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+Fam+Physician&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+management+of+common+childhood+poisonings&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=397-403&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19275069&rft.au=Tamara+McGregor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathartic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsReigart2013" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, James R.; Reigart, J. Routt (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/documents/rmpp_6thed_ch9_otherinsecticides.pdf">"Other Insecticides and Acaracides"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings</i> (6th ed.). Washington DC: Office of Pesticide Programs, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a>. p. 93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Other+Insecticides+and+Acaracides&rft.btitle=Recognition+and+Management+of+Pesticide+Poisonings&rft.place=Washington+DC&rft.pages=93&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Office+of+Pesticide+Programs%2C+U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Reigart%2C+J.+Routt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fsites%2Fproduction%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Frmpp_6thed_ch9_otherinsecticides.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACathartic" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="2022 Aqaba toxic gas leak">2022 Aqaba toxic gas leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_poisonings" class="mw-redirect" title="List of poisonings">List of poisonings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">Carcinogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety" title="Food safety">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">Hazard symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extremely_hazardous_substances" class="mw-redirect" title="List of extremely hazardous substances">List of extremely hazardous substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutagen" title="Mutagen">Mutagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">Occupational safety and health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Toxicology" title="Category:Toxicology">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toxicology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Toxicology">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Laxatives" title="Template:Laxatives"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Laxatives" title="Template talk:Laxatives"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Laxatives" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Laxatives"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drugs_for_constipation_(laxatives_and_cathartics)_(A06)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Drugs for constipation (<a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxatives</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">cathartics</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_A06" title="ATC code A06">A06</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stool_softener" class="mw-redirect" title="Stool softener">Stool softeners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docusate" title="Docusate">Docusate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stimulant_laxative" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulant laxative">Stimulant laxatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisacodyl" title="Bisacodyl">Bisacodyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisoxatin" title="Bisoxatin">Bisoxatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhamnus_purshiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhamnus purshiana">Cascara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castor_oil" title="Castor oil">Castor oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dantron" title="Dantron">Dantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenisatine" title="Oxyphenisatine">Oxyphenisatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenolphthalein" title="Phenolphthalein">Phenolphthalein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senna_glycoside" title="Senna glycoside">Senna glycosides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_picosulfate" title="Sodium picosulfate">Sodium picosulfate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laxative#Bulk-forming_agents" title="Laxative">Bulk-forming laxatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethulose" title="Ethulose">Ethulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psyllium" title="Psyllium">Ispaghula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_cellulose" title="Methyl cellulose">Methylcellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarbophil_calcium" title="Polycarbophil calcium">Polycarbophil calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia" title="Sterculia">Sterculia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">Triticum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup_of_figs" title="Syrup of figs">Syrup of figs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Laxative#Lubricant_agents" title="Laxative">Lubricant laxatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_paraffin_(drug)" title="Liquid paraffin (drug)">Liquid paraffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_oil" title="Mineral oil">Mineral oil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Osmotic_laxative" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmotic laxative">Osmotic laxatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lactitol" title="Lactitol">Lactitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lactulose" title="Lactulose">Lactulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laminarid" title="Laminarid">Laminarid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate" title="Magnesium carbonate">Magnesium carbonate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_citrate" title="Magnesium citrate">Magnesium citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_hydroxide" title="Magnesium hydroxide">Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_oxide" title="Magnesium oxide">Magnesium oxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_peroxide" title="Magnesium peroxide">Magnesium peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">Magnesium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannitol" title="Mannitol">Mannitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentaerythritol" title="Pentaerythritol">Pentaerythritol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyethylene_glycol" title="Polyethylene glycol">Polyethylene glycol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Macrogol" title="Macrogol">macrogol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate">Sodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_sulfate" title="Sodium sulfate">Sodium sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_tartrate" title="Sodium tartrate">Sodium tartrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">Sorbitol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Enema" title="Enema">Enemas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bisacodyl" title="Bisacodyl">Bisacodyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dantron" title="Dantron">Dantron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">Glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil" title="Oil">Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_dodecyl_sulfate" title="Sodium dodecyl sulfate">Sodium laurilsulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_lauryl_sulfoacetate" title="Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate">Sodium lauryl sulfoacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate">Sodium phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorbitol" title="Sorbitol">Sorbitol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Opioid_antagonist" title="Opioid antagonist">Opioid antagonists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naloxone" title="Naloxone">Naloxone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oxycodone/naloxone" title="Oxycodone/naloxone">Oxycodone/naloxone</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripherally_acting_%CE%BC-opioid_receptor_antagonist" title="Peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist">PAMORAs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvimopan" title="Alvimopan">Alvimopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axelopran" title="Axelopran">Axelopran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bevenopran" title="Bevenopran">Bevenopran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylnaltrexone" title="Methylnaltrexone">Methylnaltrexone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naldemedine" title="Naldemedine">Naldemedine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naloxegol" title="Naloxegol">Naloxegol</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linaclotide" title="Linaclotide">Linaclotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubiprostone" title="Lubiprostone">Lubiprostone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyphenisatine" title="Oxyphenisatine">Oxyphenisatine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plecanatide" title="Plecanatide">Plecanatide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prucalopride" title="Prucalopride">Prucalopride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tegaserod" title="Tegaserod">Tegaserod</a></li> <li><a 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