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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origins_and_propagation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dissemination_in_the_West:_story_and_relics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dissemination_in_the_West:_story_and_relics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Dissemination in the West: story and relics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dissemination_in_the_West:_story_and_relics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christian_story" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_story"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Christian story</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_story-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Account_in_the_Quran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Account_in_the_Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Account in the Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Account_in_the_Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Number_and_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_and_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Number and names</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Number_and_names-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Number and names subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Number_and_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Jewish_and_Christian_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jewish_and_Christian_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Jewish and Christian versions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jewish_and_Christian_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_view" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_view"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Islamic view</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_view-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Duration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Duration</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Duration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Duration subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Duration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Christian_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christian_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Christian accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christian_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islamic_accounts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islamic_accounts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Islamic accounts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islamic_accounts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caves_of_the_Seven_Sleepers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caves_of_the_Seven_Sleepers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Caves of the Seven Sleepers</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caves_of_the_Seven_Sleepers-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Caves of the Seven Sleepers subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caves_of_the_Seven_Sleepers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_notable_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_notable_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>List of notable sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_notable_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia_Minor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia_Minor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Asia Minor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia_Minor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-MENA_region" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#MENA_region"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>MENA region</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-MENA_region-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Modern literature</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern literature subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_modern" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_modern"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Early modern</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_modern-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Contemporary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Feast day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Seven Sleepers</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewe_Slapers_van_Efese" title="Sewe Slapers van Efese – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sewe Slapers van Efese" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D9%81" title="أصحاب الكهف – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أصحاب الكهف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%81" title="اصحاب کهف – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اصحاب کهف" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AB" title="আসহাবে কাহফ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আসহাবে কাহফ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D0%95%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Свети Седем отроци в Ефес – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свети Седем отроци в Ефес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Dorments_d%27Efes" title="Set Dorments d'Efes – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Set Dorments d'Efes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedmisp%C3%A1%C4%8Di_z_Efezu" title="Sedmispáči z Efezu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sedmispáči z Efezu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saith_Gysgadur_Effeseus" title="Saith Gysgadur Effeseus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saith Gysgadur Effeseus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieben_Schl%C3%A4fer_von_Ephesus" title="Sieben Schläfer von Ephesus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sieben Schläfer von Ephesus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CE%B5%CE%BD_%CE%95%CF%86%CE%AD%CF%83%CF%89_%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Οι εν Εφέσω επτά παίδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οι εν Εφέσω επτά παίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siete_durmientes_de_%C3%89feso" title="Siete durmientes de Éfeso – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siete durmientes de Éfeso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_sep_dormantoj" title="La sep dormantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La sep dormantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D9%87%D9%81" title="اصحاب کهف – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اصحاب کهف" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sept_Dormants_d%27%C3%89ph%C3%A8se" title="Sept Dormants d'Éphèse – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sept Dormants d'Éphèse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_sliepers_fan_Efeze" title="Sân sliepers fan Efeze – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sân sliepers fan Efeze" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seacht_gCodlat%C3%B3ir%C3%AD" title="Seacht gCodlatóirí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seacht gCodlatóirí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC" title="अस्हाबे कहफ़ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अस्हाबे कहफ़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashabulkahfi" title="Ashabulkahfi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ashabulkahfi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj%C3%B6sofendur" title="Sjösofendur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sjösofendur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sette_dormienti_di_Efeso" title="Sette dormienti di Efeso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sette dormienti di Efeso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A1" title="שבעת הישנים של אפסוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שבעת הישנים של אפסוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafiadini_saba_wa_Efeso" title="Wafiadini saba wa Efeso – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wafiadini saba wa Efeso" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heft_xort%C3%AAn_razay%C3%AE_y%C3%AAn_Efes%C3%AA" title="Heft xortên razayî yên Efesê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Heft xortên razayî yên Efesê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septem_dormientes" title="Septem dormientes – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Septem dormientes" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septyni_broliai_miegantys" title="Septyni broliai miegantys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Septyni broliai miegantys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_h%C3%A9t_alv%C3%B3_legend%C3%A1ja" title="A hét alvó legendája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A hét alvó legendája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C" title="കഹ്ഫ്‌ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കഹ്ഫ്‌" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%87%D9%81" title="اصحاب الكهف – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Story in Christian folklore and the Qur'an</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Feeder EP, see <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers_(EP)" title="Seven Sleepers (EP)">Seven Sleepers (EP)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Seven sleepers</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_sleepers_(Menologion_of_Basil_II).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg/220px-Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg/330px-Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg/440px-Seven_sleepers_%28Menologion_of_Basil_II%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1076" data-file-height="746" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">Illustration</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Menologion_of_Basil_II" title="Menologion of Basil II">Menologion of Basil II</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Church">Oriental Orthodox Church</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-congregation" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-congregation">Pre-Congregation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27 July<br />4 August, October 22 (Eastern Christianity)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg/220px-7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg/330px-7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg/440px-7sleepersmedievalmanuscript.jpg 2x" data-file-width="471" data-file-height="336" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a> orders the <a href="/wiki/Immurement" title="Immurement"> walling in</a> of the Seven sleepers<sup id="cite_ref-Fortescue_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortescue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From a 14th-century manuscript.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Seven Sleepers</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ἑπτὰ κοιμώμενοι</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">hepta koimōmenoi</i></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Septem dormientes</i>), also known in Christendom as <b>Seven Sleepers of Ephesus</b>, and in Islam as <b>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf</b> (اصحاب الکهف, <i>aṣḥāb al-kahf</i>, lit. <b>Companions of the Cave</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Late_antiquity" title="Late antiquity">late antique</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> legend, and a <a href="/wiki/Qur%E2%80%99anic" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur’anic">Qur’anic</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> story. The Christian legend speaks about a group of youths who hid inside a cave<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> outside the city of <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a> (modern-day <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>) around AD 250 to escape <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire" title="Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire">Roman persecutions of Christians</a> and emerged many years later. The <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'anic</a> version of the story appears in <a href="/wiki/Sura_18" class="mw-redirect" title="Sura 18">Sura 18</a> (<a href="/wiki/Q18:9%E2%80%9326" class="mw-redirect" title="Q18:9–26">18:9–26</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_propagation">Origins and propagation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and propagation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg/260px-Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg/390px-Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg/520px-Death_of_Draupadi_-_Illustrations_from_the_Barddhaman_edition_of_Mahabharata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Found in <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a>; Depiction of a group of people preparing to set off towards a mountain for <a href="/wiki/Asceticism" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a>, with a dog following them.</figcaption></figure> <p>The story appeared in several Syriac sources before <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a>'s lifetime (538–594). The earliest Syriac manuscript copy is in MS Saint-Petersburg No. 4, which dates to the fifth century.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest known version of this story<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> is found in the writings of the Syriac bishop <a href="/wiki/Jacob_of_Serugh" title="Jacob of Serugh">Jacob of Serugh</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 450</span>–521), who relies on an earlier Greek source, now lost.<sup id="cite_ref-horst_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-horst-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jacob of Serugh, an <a href="/wiki/Edessa" title="Edessa">Edessan</a> poet-theologian, wrote a homily in verse on the subject of the Seven Sleepers,<sup id="cite_ref-Sabine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was published in the <i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Sanctorum" title="Acta Sanctorum">Acta Sanctorum</a></i>. Another sixth-century version, in a Syrian manuscript in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a> (<i>Cat. Syr. Mss</i>, p. 1090), gives eight sleepers. </p><p>Whether the original account was written in Syriac or Greek was a matter of debate, but today a Greek original is generally accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pilgrim account <i><a href="/wiki/De_situ_terrae_sanctae" title="De situ terrae sanctae">De situ terrae sanctae</a></i>, written between 518 and 531, records the existence of a church dedicated to the sleepers in Ephesus.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An outline of this tale appears in the 6th-century writings of <a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Tours" title="Gregory of Tours">Gregory of Tours</a> and in <i>History of the <a href="/wiki/Lombards" title="Lombards">Lombards</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Deacon" title="Paul the Deacon">Paul the Deacon</a> (720–799).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best-known Western version of the story appears in <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></i> (1259–1266). It also appears in <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hagiographica_Orientalis" title="Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis">BHO</a> (<i>Pueri septem</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hagiographica_Graeca" title="Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca">BHG</a> (<i>Pueri VII</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hagiographica_Latina" title="Bibliotheca Hagiographica Latina">BHL</a> <i>Dormientes (Septem) Ephesi</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accounts of the Christian legend are found in at least nine medieval languages and preserved in over 200 manuscripts, mainly dating to between the 9th and 13th centuries. These include 104 <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> manuscripts, 40 <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, 33 <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, 17 <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Ethiopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethiopic">Ethiopic</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Coptic_language" title="Coptic language">Coptic</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Armenian_language" title="Armenian language">Armenian</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Byzantine writer <a href="/wiki/Symeon_the_Metaphrast" title="Symeon the Metaphrast">Symeon the Metaphrast</a> (died c. 1000) alluded to it.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabine_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also translated into <a href="/wiki/Sogdian_language" title="Sogdian language">Sogdian</a>. In the 13th century, the poet <a href="/wiki/Chardri" title="Chardri">Chardri</a> composed an <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> version. The ninth-century Irish calendar <span title="Old Irish (to 900)-language text"><i lang="sga"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lire_%C3%93engusso" class="mw-redirect" title="Félire Óengusso">Félire Óengusso</a></i></span> commemorates the Seven Sleepers on 7 August.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (February 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> was also translated into <a href="/wiki/New_Persian" title="New Persian">Persian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tatar_language" title="Tatar language">Tatar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dissemination_in_the_West:_story_and_relics">Dissemination in the West: story and relics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Dissemination in the West: story and relics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar,_1497_%E2%80%93_(sette_dormienti)_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg/220px-Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg/330px-Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg/440px-Legendari_di_sancti_istoriado_uulgar%2C_1497_%E2%80%93_%28sette_dormienti%29_-_BEIC_IE4411197.jpg 2x" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="711" /></a><figcaption>The Seven Sleepers in the <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></i> (1497)</figcaption></figure> <p>The story rapidly attained a wide diffusion throughout Christendom. It was popularized in the West by Gregory of Tours, in his late 6th-century collection of miracles, <i>De gloria martyrum</i> (<i>Glory of the Martyrs)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabine_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregory claimed to have gotten the story from "a certain Syrian interpreter" (<i>Syro quidam interpretante</i>), but this could refer to either a Syriac- or Greek-speaker from the Levant.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period of the <a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a>, bones from the sepulchres near Ephesus, identified as relics of the Seven Sleepers, were transported to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, France, in a large stone coffin, which remained a trophy of the <a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_St_Victor,_Marseille" title="Abbey of St Victor, Marseille">Abbey of St Victor, Marseille</a>. </p><p>The Seven Sleepers were included in the <i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Legend" title="Golden Legend">Golden Legend</a></i> compilation, the most popular book of the later Middle Ages, which fixed a precise date for their resurrection, AD 478, in the reign of Theodosius<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2024)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Seven_Sleepers#_No_such_regnal_year_for_any_Theodosius." title="Talk:Seven Sleepers">discuss</a></i>]</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Christian_story">Christian story</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Christian story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_sleepers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Seven_sleepers.jpg/220px-Seven_sleepers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Seven_sleepers.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>A 19th century German votive painting of the Seven Sleepers. The writing says <i>Bittet für uns Ihr hl. sieben Schläfer</i> (<i>Pray for us, Holy Seven Sleepers</i>).</figcaption></figure> <p>The story says that during the <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">persecutions</a> by the Roman emperor <a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a>, around AD 250, seven young men were accused of following <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>. They were given some time to recant their faith, but they refused to bow to Roman idols. Instead they chose to give their worldly goods to the poor and retire to a mountain cave to pray, where they fell asleep. The Emperor, seeing that their attitude towards <a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">paganism</a> had not improved, ordered the mouth of the cave to be sealed.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortescue_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortescue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_(Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott)_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg/220px-Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg/330px-Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg/440px-Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_in_Rotthof_%28Ruhsdorf_an_der_Rott%29_aussen_S%C3%BCdseite_-_Siebenschl%C3%A4fer-Reliefs_1_und_2_-_Bild_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>Roman <a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">headstones</a> misinterpreted as to show the Seven Sleepers, in a <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siebenschl%C3%A4ferkirche_(Rotthof)" class="extiw" title="de:Siebenschläferkirche (Rotthof)">Church in Rotthof, Germany named after the legend</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Decius died in 251, and many years passed during which Christianity went from being persecuted to being the <a href="/wiki/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="State church of the Roman Empire">state religion of the Roman Empire</a>. At some later time—usually given as during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_II" title="Theodosius II">Theodosius II</a> (408–450)—in AD 447 when heated discussions were taking place between various schools of Christianity about the resurrection of the body in the day of judgement and life after death, a landowner decided to open up the sealed mouth of the cave, thinking to use it as a cattle pen. He opened it and found the sleepers inside. They awoke, imagining that they had slept but one day, and sent one of their number to Ephesus to buy food, with instructions to be careful.<sup id="cite_ref-Sabine_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon arriving in the city, this person was astounded to find buildings with crosses attached; the townspeople for their part were astounded to find a man trying to spend old coins from the reign of Decius. The bishop was summoned to interview the sleepers; they told him their miracle story, and died praising God.<sup id="cite_ref-Fortescue_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fortescue-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The various lives of the Seven Sleepers in Greek and in other non-Latin languages are listed at <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Hagiographica_Orientalis" title="Bibliotheca Hagiographica Orientalis"><i>BHO</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Account_in_the_Quran">Account in the Quran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Account in the Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Al-Kahf" title="Al-Kahf">Al-Kahf</a></div> <p>The polytheists (<i><a href="/wiki/Mushrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Mushrik">mushriks</a></i>) of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>, after consulting with the <a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">people of the Book</a>, tested Muhammad by asking him three questions, and Surah Al-Kahf was sent down in answer to them. The <i>mushriks</i> inquired about the identity of the Sleepers of the Cave, the real story of <a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</a>, and about <a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhu al-Qarnayn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The story of the Companions of the Cave (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أصحاب الکهف</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">'aṣḥāb al-kahf</i></span>) is referred to in <a href="/wiki/Quran_18:9-26" class="mw-redirect" title="Quran 18:9-26">Quran 18:9-26</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The precise number of the sleepers is not stated. The Quran furthermore points to the fact that people, shortly after the incident emerged, started to make "idle guesses" as to how many people were in the cave. To this the Quran asserts that: "My Sustainer knows best how many they were".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, regarding the exact period of time the people stayed in the cave, the Quran, after asserting the guesswork of the people that "they remained in the cave for 300 years and nine added", resolves that "God knows best how long they remained [there]." According to the 25th verse of Al-Kahf, the Companions of the Cave have slept for 300 years in the solar calendar and slept 309 in the lunar calendar since the lunar calendar is 11 days shorter than the solar, which explains the inclusion of the additional nine years.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Quran says that the sleepers included a dog, which Islamic tradition names as <a href="/wiki/Qitmir_(dog)" title="Qitmir (dog)">Qitmir</a>, who guarded the entrance of the cave (verse 18).<sup id="cite_ref-Archer_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Archer-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Number_and_names">Number and names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Number and names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_and_Christian_versions">Jewish and Christian versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jewish and Christian versions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early versions do not all agree on or even specify the number of sleepers. Some Jewish circles and the <a href="/wiki/Christian_community_of_Najran" title="Christian community of Najran"> Christians of Najran</a> believed in only three brothers; the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_East" title="Church of the East">East Syriac</a>, five.<sup id="cite_ref-BG_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most Syriac accounts have eight, including a nameless watcher which God sets over the sleepers.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 6th-century Latin text titled "Pilgrimage of Theodosius"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> featured the sleepers as seven people in number, with a dog named Viricanus.<sup id="cite_ref-Reynolds_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reynolds-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bartłomiej Grysa lists at least seven different sets of names for the sleepers:<sup id="cite_ref-BG_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Maximian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malchus, Serapion</li> <li>Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Malkhus, Serapion, Anthony</li> <li>Maximilian, Martinian, Dionisius, John, Constantine, Yamblikh (Iamblichus), Anthony</li> <li>Makṯimilīnā (Maksimilīnā, Maḥsimilīnā), Marnūš (Marṭūs), Kafašṭaṭyūš (Ksōṭōnos), Yamlīḫā (Yamnīḫ), Mišlīnā, Saḏnūš, Dabranūš (Bīrōnos), Samōnos, Buṭōnos, Qālos (according to aṭ-Ṭabarī and <a href="/wiki/Ad-Dam%C4%ABr%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Damīrī">ad-Damīrī</a>)</li> <li>Achillides, Probatus, Stephanus, Sambatus, Quiriacus, Diogenus, Diomedes (according to Gregory of Tours)</li> <li>Ikilios, Fruqtis, Istifanos, Sebastos, Qiryaqos, Dionisios (according to <a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Syrian" title="Michael the Syrian">Michael the Syrian</a>)</li> <li>Aršellītīs, Probatios, Sabbastios, Stafanos, Kīriakos, Diōmetios, Avhenios (according to the Coptic version)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_view">Islamic view</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Islamic view"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Islam no specific number is mentioned. <a href="/wiki/Al-Kahf#Summary" title="Al-Kahf">Qur'an 18:22</a> discusses the disputes regarding their numbers. The verse says: </p> <blockquote><p>Some will say, "They were three, their dog was the fourth," while others will say, "They were five, their dog was the sixth," only guessing blindly. And others will say, "They were seven and their dog was the eighth." Say, O Prophet, "My Lord knows best their exact number. Only a few people know as well." So do not argue about them except with sure knowledge, nor consult any of those who debate about them.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Duration">Duration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Duration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christian_accounts">Christian accounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Christian accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The number of years the sleepers slept also varies between accounts. The highest number, given by Gregory of Tours, was 373 years. Some accounts have 372. <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus de Voragine</a> calculated it at 196 (from the year 252 until 448).<sup id="cite_ref-BG_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other calculations suggest 195.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islamic_accounts">Islamic accounts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Islamic accounts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Qu'ran in regard to the duration of the sleep only mentions the conflicting numbers that people assigned, in Surah 18:25-26, which states, "They remained in the Cave for three hundred years; and others added nine more years. / Say: 'Allah knows best how long they remained in it, for only He knows all that is hidden in the heavens and the earth. How well He sees; how well He hears! The creatures have no other guardian than Him; He allows none to share His authority.'" </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caves_of_the_Seven_Sleepers">Caves of the Seven Sleepers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Caves of the Seven Sleepers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several sites<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are attributed as the "Cave of the Seven Sleepers", but none could empirically convince to be the original site associated with the legend. As the earliest versions of the legend spread out from <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, an early Christian <a href="/wiki/Catacomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Catacomb">catacomb</a> in that area came to be associated with it, attracting scores of pilgrims. On the slopes of Mount Pion (Mount Coelian) near Ephesus (near modern <a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A7uk" title="Selçuk">Selçuk</a> in Turkey), the <a href="/wiki/Grotto" title="Grotto">grotto</a> of the Seven Sleepers with ruins of the religious site built over it was excavated in 1926–1928.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 394">: 394 </span></sup> The excavation brought to light several hundred graves dated to the 5th and 6th centuries. Inscriptions dedicated to the Seven Sleepers were found on the walls and in the graves. This grotto is still shown to tourists. </p><p>Other possible sites of the cave of the Seven Sleepers are in Damascus, Syria and <a href="/wiki/Af%C5%9Fin" title="Afşin">Afşin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, Turkey. Afşin is near the antique <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Arabissus" title="Arabissus">Arabissus</a>, to which the <a href="/wiki/East_Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="East Roman">East Roman</a> Emperor <a href="/wiki/Justinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Justinian">Justinian</a> paid a visit. The site was a <a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites"> Hittite</a> temple, used as a Roman temple and later as a church in Roman and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine">Byzantine</a> times. The Emperor brought marble niches from Western Anatolia as gifts for it, which are preserved inside the <a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Kulliye" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye">Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye</a> mosque to this day. The <a href="/wiki/Seljuks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuks">Seljuks</a> continued to use the place of worship as a church and a mosque. It was turned into a mosque over time, with the conversion of the local population to Islam. </p><p>There is a cave near <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Seven_Sleepers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a>, which has eight smaller sealed tombs present inside and a ventilation duct coming out of the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-LP_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LP-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_notable_sites">List of notable sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: List of notable sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia_Minor">Asia Minor</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Asia Minor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Cave" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave">Eshab-ı Kehf Cave </a>, <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Cave" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave">Eshab-ı Kehf Cave</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Grotto of the Seven Sleepers, <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Kulliye" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye">Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye</a>, outside <a href="/wiki/Af%C5%9Fin" title="Afşin">Afşin</a>, Turkey<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashabi-Kahf_in_Nakhchivan" title="Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan">Ashabi-Kahf in Nakhchivan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic" title="Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic">Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="MENA_region">MENA region</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: MENA region"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Musa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mar Musa">Mar Musa</a>, monastery in Syria<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Qasioun#Cave_of_the_Seven_Sleepers" title="Mount Qasioun">Mount Qasioun</a>, Damascus, Syria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Seven_Sleepers" title="Cave of the Seven Sleepers">Cave of the Seven Sleepers</a>, Al-Rajeb (Greater Amman), Jordan<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mosquée de Sept Dormants, <a href="/wiki/Chenini" title="Chenini">Chenini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a><sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Tuyuq Khojam Mazar, <a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a>, China<sup id="cite_ref-madain_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-madain-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gallery">Gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerycaption">Caves regarded as the cave from the story of the Seven Sleepers</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Entrance to the cave, near Amman, Jordan"><img alt="Entrance to the cave, near Amman, Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg/120px-Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg/180px-Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg/240px-Seven_Sleeper_Cave_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2126" data-file-height="1417" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Entrance to the cave, near <a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, Jordan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Graves in the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Jordan"><img alt="Graves in the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/120px-Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/180px-Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/240px-Graves_of_the_cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Graves in the Cave of the Seven Sleepers, Jordan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nameplate of the cave, Jordan"><img alt="Nameplate of the cave, Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/120px-Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/180px-Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg/240px-Cave_of_seven_sleepers.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Nameplate of the cave, Jordan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The cave in Ephesus, Turkey"><img alt="The cave in Ephesus, Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg/79px-Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg/118px-Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg/158px-Seven-sleepers_efesus_turkey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The cave in <a href="/wiki/Ephesus" title="Ephesus">Ephesus</a>, Turkey</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye in Afşin with the cave inside, Turkey"><img alt="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye in Afşin with the cave inside, Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Kulliye" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye">Eshab-ı Kehf Kulliye</a> in <a href="/wiki/Af%C5%9Fin" title="Afşin">Afşin</a> with the cave inside, Turkey</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave in Tarsus, Turkey"><img alt="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave in Tarsus, Turkey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG/120px-137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG/180px-137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG/240px-137_Yediuyurlar.Tarsus.07.2006_resize.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Cave" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave">Eshab-ı Kehf Cave</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tarsus,_Mersin" title="Tarsus, Mersin">Tarsus</a>, Turkey</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_literature">Modern literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Modern literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern">Early modern</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Early modern"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Famous_German_story_of_the_collection,_Life_of_the_Saints,_Der_Heiligen_Leben,_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers,_15th_century_CE,_Germany.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg/220px-Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg/330px-Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg/440px-Famous_German_story_of_the_collection%2C_Life_of_the_Saints%2C_Der_Heiligen_Leben%2C_including_the_legend_of_the_Seven_Sleepers%2C_15th_century_CE%2C_Germany.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="3585" /></a><figcaption>The famous German story of the collection "Life of the Saints" (Der Heiligen Leben), including the legend of "the Seven Sleepers", 15th century, Germany</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave,_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf,_1494_CE,_origin_unknown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg/220px-The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg/330px-The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg/440px-The_Arabic_story_of_Companions_of_the_Cave%2C_Qissat_Ahl_el-Kahaf%2C_1494_CE%2C_origin_unknown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5877" data-file-height="3153" /></a><figcaption>The Arabic story of the Companions of the Cave (Seven Sleepers; Qissat Ahl el-Kahaf), 1494, origin unknown</figcaption></figure> <p>The account had become proverbial in 16th century Protestant culture. The poet <a href="/wiki/John_Donne" title="John Donne">John Donne</a> could ask, </p> <div class="poem"> <p>        I wonder, by my troth, what thou and I<br />         Did, till we loved? Were we not weaned till then?<br />         But sucked on country pleasures, childishly?<br />         Or snorted we in the Seven Sleepers' den?—John Donne, "<a href="/wiki/The_Good-Morrow" title="The Good-Morrow">The Good-Morrow</a>". </p> </div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/John_Heywood" title="John Heywood">John Heywood</a>'s <i>Play called the Four PP</i> (1530s), the Pardoner, a Renaissance update of the protagonist in <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Chaucer</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Pardoner%27s_Tale" title="The Pardoner's Tale">The Pardoner's Tale</a>", offers his companions the opportunity to kiss "a slipper / Of one of the Seven Sleepers", but the relic is presented as absurdly as the Pardoner's other offerings, which include "the great-toe of the Trinity" and "a buttock-bone of Pentecost."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Little is heard of the Seven Sleepers during <a href="/wiki/The_Enlightenment" class="mw-redirect" title="The Enlightenment">the Enlightenment</a>, but the account revived with the coming of <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romanticism</a>. The <i>Golden Legend</i> may have been the source for retellings of the Seven Sleepers in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Quincey" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas de Quincey">Thomas de Quincey</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_an_English_Opium-Eater" title="Confessions of an English Opium-Eater">Confessions of an English Opium-Eater</a></i>, in a poem by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Goethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Rip_van_Winkle" class="mw-redirect" title="Rip van Winkle">Rip van Winkle</a>", <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeper_Awakes" title="The Sleeper Awakes">The Sleeper Awakes</a></i>. It also might have an influence on the motif of the "<a href="/wiki/King_asleep_in_mountain" title="King asleep in mountain">King asleep in mountain</a>". <a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> did a burlesque of the story of the Seven Sleepers in Chapter 13 of Volume 2 of <i>The Innocents Abroad</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Contemporary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gibbon" title="Edward Gibbon">Edward Gibbon</a> gives different accounts of the story in <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_the_Decline_and_Fall_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire">The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire</a></i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbian</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Danilo_Ki%C5%A1" title="Danilo Kiš">Danilo Kiš</a> retells the story of the Seven Sleepers in a short story, "The Legend of the Sleepers", from his book <i>The Encyclopedia of the Dead</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"> Italian</a> author <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Camilleri" title="Andrea Camilleri">Andrea Camilleri</a> incorporates the story in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Terracotta_Dog" title="The Terracotta Dog">The Terracotta Dog</a></i> in which the protagonist is led to a cave containing the titular watchdog (as described in the <i>Qur'an</i> and called "Kytmyr" in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily"> Sicilian</a> folklore) and the saucer of silver coins with which one of the sleepers is to buy "pure food" from the bazaar in Ephesus (<i>Qur'an</i> 18.19). The Seven Sleepers are symbolically replaced by lovers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisetta_Moscato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisetta Moscato (page does not exist)">Lisetta Moscato</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Cunich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Cunich (page does not exist)">Mario Cunich</a>, who were killed in their nuptial bed by an assassin hired by Lisseta's incestuous father and later laid to rest in a cave in the Sicilian countryside. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Susan_Cooper" title="Susan Cooper">Susan Cooper</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Is_Rising" title="The Dark Is Rising">The Dark Is Rising</a></i> series, Will Stanton awakens the Seven Sleepers in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grey_King" title="The Grey King">The Grey King</a></i>, and in <i><a href="/wiki/Silver_on_the_Tree" title="Silver on the Tree">Silver on the Tree</a></i>, they ride in the last battle against the Dark. </p><p>The <i>Seven Sleepers</i> series by <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Morris" title="Gilbert Morris">Gilbert Morris</a> takes a modern approach to the story in which seven teenagers must be awakened to fight evil in a post-nuclear-apocalypse world. </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Buchan" title="John Buchan">John Buchan</a> refers to the Seven Sleepers in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Hostages" title="The Three Hostages">The Three Hostages</a></i> in which <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hannay" title="Richard Hannay">Richard Hannay</a> surmises that his wife Mary, who is a sound sleeper, is descended from one of the seven who has married one of the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Ten_Virgins" title="Parable of the Ten Virgins"> Foolish Virgins</a>. </p><p>The Seven Sleepers are mentioned in the song "Les Invisibles" on the 1988 <a href="/wiki/Blue_%C3%96yster_Cult" title="Blue Öyster Cult">Blue Öyster Cult</a> album <a href="/wiki/Imaginos" title="Imaginos">Imaginos</a>. </p><p>Several languages have idioms related to the Seven Sleepers, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language"> Hungarian</a>: <i>hétalvó</i>, literally a "seven-sleeper", or "one who sleeps for an entire week", is a colloquial reference to a person who oversleeps or who is typically drowsy.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: "Na seacht gcodlatáin" refers to hibernating animals.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language"> Norwegian</a>: a late riser may be referred to as a <i>syvsover</i> ("seven sleeper")<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: a late riser may be referred to as a <i>sjusovare</i> ("seven sleeper").<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: a late riser may be referred to as a <i>saith cysgadur</i> ("seven sleeper") – as in the 1885 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Rhys_Lewis_(novel)" title="Rhys Lewis (novel)">Rhys Lewis</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Owen" title="Daniel Owen">Daniel Owen</a>, where the protagonist is referred to as such in chapter 37, p. 294 (Hughes a'i Fab, <a href="/wiki/Caerdydd" class="mw-redirect" title="Caerdydd">Caerdydd</a>, 1948).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feast_day">Feast day</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Feast day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most recent edition of the <i><a href="/wiki/Roman_Martyrology" title="Roman Martyrology">Roman Martyrology</a></i> commemorates the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus under the date of 27 July.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a> commemorates them with feasts on 4 August and 22 October. <a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox">Syriac Orthodox</a> calendars gives various dates: 21 April, 2 August, 13 August, 23 October and 24 October.<sup id="cite_ref-WW_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epimenides" title="Epimenides">Epimenides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_asleep_in_mountain" title="King asleep in mountain">King asleep in mountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Men_of_Angelos" title="The Men of Angelos">The Men of Angelos</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle" title="Rip Van Winkle">Rip Van Winkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers%27_Day" title="Seven Sleepers' Day">Seven Sleepers' Day</a></li> <li>The Three Sleepers: characters in the <a href="/wiki/C._S._Lewis" title="C. S. Lewis">C. S. Lewis</a> <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_literature" title="Children's literature">children's novel</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyage_of_the_Dawn_Treader" title="The Voyage of the Dawn Treader">The Voyage of the Dawn Treader</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Fortescue-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fortescue_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fortescue_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fortescue_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFortescue1909" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Fortescue, Adrian (1909). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Seven Sleepers of Ephesus"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Seven_Sleepers_of_Ephesus">"Seven Sleepers of Ephesus" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seven+Sleepers+of+Ephesus&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A9s7AQAAMAAJ&dq=%CE%B5%CF%80%CF%84%CE%AC+%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BC%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9&pg=PA210">"Koranion"</a>. 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"The Hellhound of the Qur'an: A Dog at the Gate of the Underworld". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Qur%27anic_Studies" title="Journal of Qur'anic Studies">Journal of Qur'anic Studies</a></i>. <b>18</b> (3). <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>: <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a> on behalf of the Centre for Islamic Studies at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Oriental_and_African_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="School of Oriental and African Studies">School of Oriental and African Studies</a>: <span class="nowrap">1–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fjqs.2016.0248">10.3366/jqs.2016.0248</a>. <a href="/wiki/EISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EISSN (identifier)">eISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1755-1730">1755-1730</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1465-3591">1465-3591</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43733991">43733991</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Qur%27anic+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Hellhound+of+the+Qur%27an%3A+A+Dog+at+the+Gate+of+the+Underworld&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.date=2016-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F43733991&rft.issn=1465-3591&rft.eissn=1755-1730&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fjqs.2016.0248&rft.aulast=Archer&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-madain-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-madain_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201102114623/https://madainproject.com/cave_of_ashab_e_kahf">"Cave of Ashabe Kahf (The Cave of the Seven Sleepers)"</a>. <i>Madain Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madainproject.com/cave_of_ashab_e_kahf">the original</a> on 2 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Madain+Project&rft.atitle=Cave+of+Ashabe+Kahf+%28The+Cave+of+the+Seven+Sleepers%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadainproject.com%2Fcave_of_ashab_e_kahf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WW_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Witold Witakowski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Sleepers-of-Ephesus-Legend-of-the">"Sleepers of Ephesus, Legend of the"</a>, in <i>Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage: Electronic Edition</i>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_P._Brock" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian P. Brock">Sebastian P. Brock</a>, Aaron M. Butts, <a href="/wiki/George_A._Kiraz" class="mw-redirect" title="George A. Kiraz">George A. Kiraz</a> and Lucas Van Rompay (Gorgias Press, 2011; online ed. Beth Mardutho, 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-horst-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-horst_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieter_W._van_der_Horst2011" class="citation conference cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Willem_van_der_Horst" title="Pieter Willem van der Horst">Pieter W. van der Horst</a> (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/symposiums/13th/papers/Horst.pdf"><i>Pious Long-Sleepers in Greek, Jewish, and Christian Antiquity</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/symposiums/13th/main.shtml">The Thirteenth International Orion Symposium: Tradition, Transmission, and Transformation: From Second Temple Literature through Judaism and Christianity in Late Antiquity</a>. Jerusalem, Israel. pp. <span class="nowrap">14–</span>15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Pious+Long-Sleepers+in+Greek%2C+Jewish%2C+and+Christian+Antiquity&rft.place=Jerusalem%2C+Israel&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E14-%3C%2Fspan%3E15&rft.date=2011-02&rft.au=Pieter+W.+van+der+Horst&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forion.mscc.huji.ac.il%2Fsymposiums%2F13th%2Fpapers%2FHorst.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sabine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sabine_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabine_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabine_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sabine_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaring-Gould1876" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Baring-Gould" title="Sabine Baring-Gould">Baring-Gould, S.</a> (1876). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/curiousmythsofmi00bariuoft">"Curious myths of the Middle Ages"</a>. London: Rivingtons – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curious+myths+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Rivingtons&rft.date=1876&rft.aulast=Baring-Gould&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcuriousmythsofmi00bariuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BG-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BG_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BG_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BG_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BG_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BG_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bartłomiej Grysa, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://czasopisma.upjp2.edu.pl/orientalia/article/view/1011">"The Legend of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus in Syriac and Arab Sources: A Comparative Study"</a>, <i>Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia</i> <b>2</b> (2010): 45–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiuzza2016" class="citation book cs1">Liuzza, R. M. (2016). "The Future is a Foreign Country: The Legend of the Seven Sleepers and the Anglo–Saxon Sense of the Past". In Kears, Carl; Paz, James (eds.). <i>Medieval Science Fiction</i>. <a href="/wiki/King%27s_College_London" title="King's College London">King's College London</a>, Centre for Late Antique & Medieval Studies. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9539838-8-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9539838-8-9"><bdi>978-0-9539838-8-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Future+is+a+Foreign+Country%3A+The+Legend+of+the+Seven+Sleepers+and+the+Anglo%E2%80%93Saxon+Sense+of+the+Past&rft.btitle=Medieval+Science+Fiction&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=King%27s+College+London%2C+Centre+for+Late+Antique+%26+Medieval+Studies&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-9539838-8-9&rft.aulast=Liuzza&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeetersSociété_de_Bollandistes1910" class="citation book cs1">Peeters, P.; Société de Bollandistes (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio00peetuoft"><i>Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis</i></a>. Robarts – University of Toronto. Bruxellis, apud editores [Beyrouth (Syrie) Imprimerie catholique]. pp. <span class="nowrap">1012–</span>1022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+hagiographica+orientalis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1012-%3C%2Fspan%3E1022&rft.pub=Bruxellis%2C+apud+editores+%5BBeyrouth+%28Syrie%29+Imprimerie+catholique%5D&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Peeters&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+Bollandistes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibliothecahagio00peetuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBollandistes1909" class="citation book cs1">Bollandistes (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagi00boll"><i>Bibliotheca hagiographica graeca</i></a>. PIMS – University of Toronto. Bruxellis, Société des Bollandistes. pp. <span class="nowrap">1593–</span>1599.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+hagiographica+graeca&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1593-%3C%2Fspan%3E1599&rft.pub=Bruxellis%2C+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Bollandistes&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Bollandistes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibliothecahagi00boll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBollandists1898" class="citation book cs1">Bollandists (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio01boll"><i>Bibliotheca hagiographica latina antiquae et mediae aetatis</i></a>. PIMS – University of Toronto. Bruxellis: [s.n.] pp. <span class="nowrap">2313–</span>2319.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+hagiographica+latina+antiquae+et+mediae+aetatis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2313-%3C%2Fspan%3E2319&rft.pub=Bruxellis%3A+%5Bs.n.%5D&rft.date=1898&rft.au=Bollandists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibliothecahagio01boll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Magennis_(scholar)" title="Hugh Magennis (scholar)">Hugh Magennis</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.leeds.ac.uk/298/1/LSE1991_pp43-56_Magennis_article.pdf">"The Anonymous Old English Legend of the Seven Sleepers and its Latin Source"</a>, <i>Leeds Studies in English</i>, n.s. <b>22</b> (1991): 43–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStokes1905" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Whitley_Stokes_(Celtic_scholar)" title="Whitley Stokes (Celtic scholar)">Stokes, Whitley</a> (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog"><i>The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee: Félire Óengusso Céli Dé</i></a>. Harrison and Sons. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/martyrologyoeng01stokgoog/page/n62">4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Martyrology+of+Oengus+the+Culdee%3A+F%C3%A9lire+%C3%93engusso+C%C3%A9li+D%C3%A9&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Harrison+and+Sons&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=Whitley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmartyrologyoeng01stokgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030106115440/http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden235.htm">"The Seven Sleepers"</a>. <i>The Golden Legend</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/golden235.htm">the original</a> on 6 January 2003. <q>It is in doubt of that which is said that they slept three hundred and sixty-two years, for they were raised the year of our Lord four hundred and seventy-eight, and Decius reigned but one year and three months, and that was in the year of our Lord two hundred and seventy, and so they slept but two hundred and eight years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Golden+Legend&rft.atitle=The+Seven+Sleepers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-forum.com%2Fsaints%2Fgolden235.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobus1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_de_Voragine" title="Jacobus de Voragine">Jacobus</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EIMSAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA167">"XV — The Seven Sleepers"</a>. In Madge, H.D. (ed.). <i>Leaves from the Golden Legend</i>. C.M. Watts (illustrator). pp. <span class="nowrap">174–</span>175 – via Google Books. <q>It is doubt of that which is said that they slept ccclxii. years. For they were raised the year of Our Lord IIIICLXXXIII. And Decius reigned but one year and three months and that was in the year of our Lord CC and LXX., and so they slept but iic. and viii. years.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XV+%E2%80%94+The+Seven+Sleepers&rft.btitle=Leaves+from+the+Golden+Legend&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E174-%3C%2Fspan%3E175&rft.date=1899&rft.au=Jacobus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEIMSAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeetersSociété_de_Bollandistes2018" class="citation web cs1">Peeters, P.; Société de Bollandistes (25 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bibliothecahagio00peetuoft">"Bibliotheca hagiographica orientalis"</a>. Bruxellis, apud editores [Beyrouth (Syrie) Imprimerie catholique] – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+hagiographica+orientalis&rft.pub=Bruxellis%2C+apud+editores+%5BBeyrouth+%28Syrie%29+Imprimerie+catholique%5D&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft.aulast=Peeters&rft.aufirst=P.&rft.au=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+Bollandistes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibliothecahagio00peetuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbul_A'la_Maududi" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a>. "18. Surah Al Kahf (The Cave)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.englishtafsir.com/quran/18/index.html"><i>Tafhim-ul-Quran</i></a> [<i>The Meaning of the Qur'an</i>]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-16</span></span> – via englishtafsir.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=18.+Surah+Al+Kahf+%28The+Cave%29&rft.btitle=Tafhim-ul-Quran&rft.au=Abul+A%27la+Maududi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.englishtafsir.com%2Fquran%2F18%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Message of the Quran, by M. Asad, Surah 18:22</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Message+of+the+Quran%2C+by+M.+Asad%2C+Surah+18%3A22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Message of the Quran, by M. Asad, Surah 18:25–26</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Message+of+the+Quran%2C+by+M.+Asad%2C+Surah+18%3A25%E2%80%9326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith2008" class="citation book cs1">Griffith, Sidney (2008). "Christian lore and the Arabic Qur'ān: The "Companions of the Cave" in <i>Sūrat al-Kahf</i> and in Syriac Christian tradition". In Reynolds, Gabriel Said (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4673572"><i>The Quran in its Historical Context</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 109-137 (127-128)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2022</span> – via academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Christian+lore+and+the+Arabic+Qur%27%C4%81n%3A+The+%22Companions+of+the+Cave%22+in+S%C5%ABrat+al-Kahf+and+in+Syriac+Christian+tradition&rft.btitle=The+Quran+in+its+Historical+Context&rft.pages=109-137+%28127-128%29&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4673572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reynolds-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reynolds_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reynolds, Gabriel Said (2018). <i>The Qur'an and the Bible: Text and Commentary</i>. Yale University Press, p. 454.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tobias Nicklas in: C. R. Moss et al., eds. (2017), <i>The Other Side: Apocryphal Perspectives on Ancient Christian "Orthodoxies"</i>, p. 26.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://quran.com/18/22">https://quran.com/18/22</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Thomson_de_Grummond" title="Nancy Thomson de Grummond">de Grummond, N. T.</a>, ed., <i>Encyclopedia of the History of Classical Archaeology</i> (London & New York: Routledge, 1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LeE4CQAAQBAJ&pg=PA394">p. 394</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LP-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LP_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/jordan/amman/attractions/cave-of-the-seven-sleepers/a/poi-sig/1105549/361068">Cave of the Seven Sleepers</a> (at <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://azerbaijan24.com/about/azerbaijan_cities/nakhichevan/ashabi-kahf_cave/">"Ashabi-Kahf cave in Nakhichevan"</a>. <i>azerbaijan24.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azerbaijan24.com&rft.atitle=Ashabi-Kahf+cave+in+Nakhichevan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fazerbaijan24.com%2Fabout%2Fazerbaijan_cities%2Fnakhichevan%2Fashabi-kahf_cave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGassner1987" class="citation book cs1">Gassner, John, ed. (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaltudordra00john"><i>Medieval and Tudor Drama</i></a></span>. New York: Applause. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/medievaltudordra00john/page/245">245</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780936839844" title="Special:BookSources/9780936839844"><bdi>9780936839844</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+and+Tudor+Drama&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=Applause&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780936839844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmedievaltudordra00john&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuel_Clements1976" class="citation book cs1">Samuel Clements (1976). Lawrence Teacher (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarktw02twai"><i>The Unabridged Mark Twain</i></a></span>. Philadelphia PA: Running Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/unabridgedmarktw02twai/page/245">pp. 245–248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unabridged+Mark+Twain&rft.place=Philadelphia+PA&rft.pages=pp.+245-248&rft.pub=Running+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Samuel+Clements&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funabridgedmarktw02twai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kohler, W. C., & Kurz, P. J., <i>Hypnosis in the Management of Sleep Disorders</i> (London & New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2018), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1EcrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8">p. 8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teanglann.ie/en/fgb/codlat%C3%A1n">"Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla (Ó Dónaill): codlatán"</a>. <i>www.teanglann.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.teanglann.ie&rft.atitle=Focl%C3%B3ir+Gaeilge%E2%80%93B%C3%A9arla+%28%C3%93+D%C3%B3naill%29%3A+codlat%C3%A1n&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teanglann.ie%2Fen%2Ffgb%2Fcodlat%25C3%25A1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ordbok.uib.no/perl/ordbok.cgi?OPP=+syvsover&ant_bokmaal=5&ant_nynorsk=5&begge=+&ordbok=begge">Entry for <b>syvsover</b></a>, <i>Sprakradet</i>, <a href="/wiki/Language_Council_of_Norway" title="Language Council of Norway">Language Council of Norway</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.saob.se/artikel/?seek=sjusovare+&pz=1#U_S2777_48588">"sju-sovare | SAOB"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=sju-sovare+%26%23124%3B+SAOB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.saob.se%2Fartikel%2F%3Fseek%3Dsjusovare%2B%26pz%3D1%23U_S2777_48588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Martyrologium_Romanum" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrologium Romanum">Martyrologium Romanum</a></i>, editio altera, (Typis Vaticanis, 2004, p. 416 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-209-7210-7" title="Special:BookSources/88-209-7210-7">88-209-7210-7</a>)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÆlfric_of_Eynsham1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfric_of_Eynsham" title="Ælfric of Eynsham">Ælfric of Eynsham</a> (1881). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Ælfric's Lives of Saints/Of the Seven Sleepers"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/%C3%86lfric%27s_Lives_of_Saints/Of_the_Seven_Sleepers">"Of the Seven Sleepers" </a></span>. <i>Ælfric's Lives of Saints</i>. London, Pub. for the Early English text society, by N. Trübner & co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+the+Seven+Sleepers&rft.btitle=%C3%86lfric%27s+Lives+of+Saints&rft.pub=London%2C+Pub.+for+the+Early+English+text+society%2C+by+N.+Tr%C3%BCbner+%26+co.&rft.date=1881&rft.au=%C3%86lfric+of+Eynsham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeven+Sleepers" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seven_Sleepers&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seven_Sleepers" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seven Sleepers">Seven Sleepers</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Seven_Sleepers" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Seven Sleepers">Seven Sleepers</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101120065119/http://www.submission.ws/download-quran-the-final-testament/chapters-suras-quran/sura-18-the-cave-al-kahf.html">Quran–Authorized English Version</a> The Cave- Sura 18 – Quran – Authorized English Version</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/272.html">"SS. Maximian, Malchus, Martinian, Dionysius, John, Serapion, and Constantine, Martyrs"</a>, <i>Butler's Lives of the Saints</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031735/http://www.breviary.net/martyrology/mart07/mart0727.htm">Text containing the Seven Sleepers' commemoration as part of the Office of Prime.</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Holy_Qur%27an/Al-Kahf" class="extiw" title="s:The Holy Qur'an/Al-Kahf">Sura al-Kahf at Wikisource</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030502024137/http://www.kusadasi.biz/sevensleepers.asp">Photos of the excavated site of the Seven Sleepers cult.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philologicumaequaevum.wordpress.com/2011/04/10/sevensleepers/">Gregory of Tours, The Patient Impassioned Suffering of the Seven Sleepers of Ephesus translated by Michael Valerie</a></li> <li>The Lives of the Seven Sleepers from <i>The Golden Legend</i> by Jacobus de Voragine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415100717/http://saints.sqpn.com/golden235.htm">William Caxton Middle English translation.</a></li> <li>The Seven Sleepers of Ephesus by Chardri, translated into English by Tony Devaney Morinelli: Medieval Sourcebook. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/7Sleepers.html">fordham.edu</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran146" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans10" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Islam">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets18" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh_in_Islam" title="Pharaoh in Islam">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups6" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Islam">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families39" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other112" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)34" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1195" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466973#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1195" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466973#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37713136">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/177492768">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1357332/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjHdjBb3x8RRfb4fGxvDYP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118825135">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93104580">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137778035">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb137778035">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007289703705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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