Planetary Names

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/images/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/stylesheets/uswds.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/stylesheets/common.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/stylesheets/custom.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/stylesheets/main.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="/static/stylesheets/menu.css" /> <script src="/static/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script async src="/static/js/uswds-init.min.js"></script> <title>Planetary Names</title>  <script async type="text/javascript" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=DOI&subagency=USGS" id="_fed_an_ua_tag"></script> </head> <body>  <section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government" > <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner__header"> <div class="usa-banner__inner"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <img aria-hidden="true" class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="/static/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="" /> </div> <div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true"> <p class="usa-banner__header-text"> An official website of the United States government </p> <p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here鈥檚 how you know</p> </div> <button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default" > <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here鈥檚 how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default" > <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/static/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" /> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br />A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="/static/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" /> <div class="usa-media-block__body"> <p> <strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br />A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock" ><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false" > <title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title> <desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc> <path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z" /> </svg> </span >) or <strong>https://</strong> means you鈥檝e safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section>  <header id="navbar" class="header-nav" role="banner"> <div class="tmp-container"> <div class="header-search"> <a class="logo-header" href="https://www.usgs.gov/" title="Home"> <img src="/static/images/logo.png" style="height: 50px; margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;" alt="Home" class="img" border="0" /> </a> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small hide-xnarrow" role="search" action="/SearchResults" method="post"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="header-search-field">Search</label> <input class="usa-input" id="header-search-field" type="search" name="Feature Name" alt="search for a feature by name" placeholder="Search by Feature Name" /> <button class="usa-button" id="nomen-header-search-button" type="submit"> <img src="/static/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search" /> </button> </form> </div> </div> </header> <header class="usa-header usa-header--extended narrow-only"> <nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav"> <div class="usa-nav__inner"> <button type="button" class="usa-nav__close"> <img src="/static/img/usa-icons/close.svg" role="img" alt="Close" /> </button> <nav class="sidenav-container" aria-label="Side navigation"> <div class="logo-box wide-only"> <div><img height=65 src="/static/images/nomen-logo.png"></div> <div><em class="nomen-name">Gazetteer<br />of Planetary<br />Nomenclature</em></div> </div> <div class="menu-search-box narrow-only"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" role="search" action="/SearchResults" method="post"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="menu-search-field">Search</label> <input class="usa-input" id="menu-search-field" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search by Feature Name" alt="Search by Feature Name" /> <button class="usa-button" id="menu-search-button" type="submit"> <img src="/static/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search" /> </button> </form> </div> <ul class="usa-sidenav"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Introduction">About</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Documentation" class="usa-current">Documentation</a> <ul class="usa-sidenav__sublist" id="doc-submenu"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Rules">IAU Rules</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Specifics">Database Fields Descriptions</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/References">References</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Categories">Surface Feature Categories (Themes)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/DescriptorTerms">Descriptor Terms</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/TargetCoordinates">Target Coordinate Systems</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Website" class="usa-current">Help using the Website</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Images">Images and GIS Data</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/AdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/FeatureNameRequest">Name Request Instructions</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/News?page=1">News</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </nav> </header> <div class="topnav-container narrow-only"> <div class="logo-bar"> <img height=48 src="/static/images/nomen-logo.png"> <div class="name-bar"><em class="nomen-name">Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</em></div> </div> <button class="usa-menu-btn" type="button">Menu</button> </div> <div id="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row" style="flex-direction: column;"> <div class="grid-col"> <div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid-row"> <div class="grid-col flex-auto wide-only padding-left-10 padding-right-5"> <nav class="sidenav-container" aria-label="Side navigation"> <div class="logo-box wide-only"> <div><img height=65 src="/static/images/nomen-logo.png"></div> <div><em class="nomen-name">Gazetteer<br />of Planetary<br />Nomenclature</em></div> </div> <div class="menu-search-box narrow-only"> <form class="usa-search usa-search--small" role="search" action="/SearchResults" method="post"> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="menu-search-field">Search</label> <input class="usa-input" id="menu-search-field" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search by Feature Name" alt="Search by Feature Name" /> <button class="usa-button" id="menu-search-button" type="submit"> <img src="/static/img/usa-icons-bg/search--white.svg" class="usa-search__submit-icon" alt="Search" /> </button> </form> </div> <ul class="usa-sidenav"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Introduction">About</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Documentation" class="usa-current">Documentation</a> <ul class="usa-sidenav__sublist" id="doc-submenu"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Rules">IAU Rules</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Specifics">Database Fields Descriptions</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/References">References</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Categories">Surface Feature Categories (Themes)</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/DescriptorTerms">Descriptor Terms</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/TargetCoordinates">Target Coordinate Systems</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Website" class="usa-current">Help using the Website</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/Page/Images">Images and GIS Data</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/AdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/FeatureNameRequest">Name Request Instructions</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/News?page=1">News</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="grid-col usa-prose padding-top-5"> <h2 class="font-heading-xl margin-y-0">Website</h2> <hr /> <div class="grid-container usa-in-page-nav-container"> <aside class="usa-in-page-nav" data-title-text="On this page" data-scroll-offset="-120" data-root-margin="48px 0px -90% 0px" ></aside> <main id="main-content" class="main-content usa-prose"> <h2>Website Updates<a name="updates"></a></h2> <p> Suggestions for website improvements may be made by emailing <a href="mailto:tgaither@usgs.gov ">Tenielle Gaither</a>. </p> <h2>Control Networks</h2> <p>A control network is made up of a network of control points. A control point is a location on a planet or satellite that is used as a reference. A grouping of control points in a control network allow us to accurately calculate the location of a feature on a planet or satellite in relation to the network of control points that are contained in the control network. </p> <p>There can be numerous control networks for a planetary body because as more accurate data are obtained, the location of the control points change, and all of the features that have their locations defined in relation to a particular control network must be updated to reflect their new location in relation to the new data. </p> <h2>Coordinate Systems<a name="coordinatsystems"></a></h2> <p>For each planetary body the IAU has designated one or more coordinate systems. You can view a list of these accepted coordinate systems <a href="../TargetCoordinates">here</a>. This website supports conversions between coordinate systems to allow for retrieval of the data in the system most useful to the user.</p> <h4>Planetographic and Planetocentric Latitudes</h4> <p> All planetary bodies currently in the nomenclature database, except for Mars, are defined as a sphere even if the body is not very spherical. For the triaxial bodies, the IAU defines a best-fit sphere to approximate the shape for cartographic applications. One benefit for using a sphere is that a planetocentric and planetographic defined latitude will be the same. However, for Mars, which is defined as an ellipse (biaxial), the two latitude systems are indeed different. </p> <p> A planetocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a line from the center of the body. The planetographic latitude is the angle between the equatorial plane and a line that is normal to the body. Both latitudes are equivalent on a spherical model, but they can differ by quite a bit on an ellipsoid. For further reading, see the section of the Isis Workshop page called <a href="http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/IsisWorkshop/index.php/Learning_About_Map_Projections#Latitude_Type" target="_new">Latitude Type</a>. </p> <a name="downloads"></a> <h2>Downloading Data</h2> <h3>CSV - Comma Separated Values</h3> <p> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma-separated_values" target="_new">CSV</a> format can be opened by most spreadsheet programs (eg: excel). Diacritic characters are encoded in UTF-8, you may need to manually set the character encoding in your spreadsheet program to get them to display correctly. </p> <h3>TSV - Tab Separated Values</h3> <p> Very similar to the CSV format, only using the tab character to separate the columns. Diacritic characters are encoded in UTF-8, you may need to manually set the character encoding in your spreadsheet program to get them to display correctly. </p> <h3>XML - Extensible Markup Language</h3> <p> The XML format is best for programatically interacting with the data. One of the easier ways to process xml documents is with an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSLT" target="_new">XSLT</a> which will transform an xml document into nearly any other text based format. </p> <h3>KML - Keyhole Markup Language</h3> <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyhole_Markup_Language">KML</a> format is an <a href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/" target="_new" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">OGC</a> standard mainly used by Google Earth for graphically displaying geospatial information on a map. The latitudes and longitudes for this format are only in the -180 to 180, positive east, planetocentric coordinate system.</p> <h3>Shapefile</h3> <p> The Shapefile format, developed and regulated by <a href="http://www.esri.com/" target="_new">ESRI</a>, is a popular vector-based geospatial format for GIS software. A shapefile is used to spatially describe various vector geometries including points, polylines (lines), and polygons. Each feature also contains a table entry to store the nomenclature attributes. Due to field width restrictions in this format, field names for the nomenclature database have been shortened. For more information, please see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile" target="_new">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapefile</a> </p> <br>  </main> </div> </div> </div> <script> $("a").addClass("usa-link"); var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-28905790-1']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'https://ssl') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);})(); </script> <script async src="/static/js/uswds.min.js"></script> </body> <footer class="usa-footer usa-footer usa-footer--big"> <div class="grid-container usa-footer__return-to-top"> <a href="#">Return to top</a> </div> <div class="usa-footer__primary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-12"> <nav class="usa-footer__nav" aria-label="Footer navigation,,"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">About</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Introduction">Introduction</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/History">History & References</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Approved">How Names are Approved</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Members">IAU Working Group and Task Group Members</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/FAQ">FAQ</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Related_Resources">Related Resources</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Contact_Us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-2"> <section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">Nomenclature</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/MERCURY/target">Mercury</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/VENUS/target">Venus</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/MOON/target">The Moon</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/MARS/system">Mars System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/ASTEROIDS/system">Asteroids</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/JUPITER/system">Jupiter System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/SATURN/system">Saturn System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/URANUS/system">Uranus System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/NEPTUNE/system">Neptune System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/PLUTO/system">Pluto System</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Rings">Ring and Ring Gap Nomenclature</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Planets">Planet and Satellite Names, Discoverers, and Themes</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-3"> <section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">Documentation</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Rules">IAU Rules</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Specifics">Database Fields Descriptions</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/References">References</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Categories">Surface Feature Categories (Themes)</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/DescriptorTerms">Descriptor Terms</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/TargetCoordinates">Target Coordinate Systems</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Website">Help using the Website</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-2"> <section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">Images and GIS Data</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Images">Images showing named features</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/mercuryQuadMap">1:5 Million-Scale Maps of Mercury</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/venus1to5m_Radar">Venus 1:5 million-scale Magellan Imagery</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/venus1to10m_Altimetry">Venus 1:10 million-scale Quadrangles</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/Moon1to1MAtlas">1:1 Million-Scale Maps of the Moon</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/moon1to10mShadedRelief">Moon 1:10 million-scale Shaded Relief and Color-coded Topography</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/Page/mars1to5mTHEMIS">Mars 1:5 million-scale THEMIS Images</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/GIS_Downloads">GIS Downloads</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-6 desktop:grid-col-2"> <section class="usa-footer__primary-content usa-footer__primary-content--collapsible"> <h4 class="usa-footer__primary-link">Other</h4> <ul class="usa-list usa-list--unstyled"> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/AdvancedSearch">Advanced Search</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/FeatureNameRequest">Name Request Instructions</a> </li> <li class="usa-footer__secondary-link"> <a href="/News?page=1">News</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer__secondary-section"> <div class="grid-container"> <div class="usa-footer__logo grid-row grid-gap-2 flex-no-wrap"> <div class="usa-footer__logo grid-row mobile-lg:grid-col-6 mobile-lg:grid-gap-2"> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-footer__logo-img" src="/static/images/nomen-logo.png" alt="usgs-logo" /> </div> <div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-auto"> <p class="usa-footer__logo-heading line-height-sans-3"> <a class="text-no-underline" href="https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center">USGS Astrogeology Science Center</a> <br/> <a class="text-no-underline font-body-sm" href="http://www.nasa.gov">The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)</a> <br/> <a class="text-no-underline font-body-sm" href="http://iau.org">International Astronomical Union (IAU)</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="grid-col-6"> <p> The Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature website is maintained by the <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/centers/astrogeology-science-center/" title="astro">USGS Astrogeology Science Center</a>. This work is performed on behalf of the <a href="http://iau.org" title="iau">International Astronomical Union's</a> Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature and is supported by the <a href="http://www.nasa.gov" title="nasa">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a> under an Interagency Agreement. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-footer__logo grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <a href="/Page/Contact_Us">Contact Us</a> </div> <div class="grid-col-auto"> <a href="/login?">Administrator Log In</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer>  <footer class="footer"> <div class="tmp-container"> <div class="footer-doi"> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="first leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.doi.gov/privacy">DOI Privacy Policy</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/policies-and-notices">Legal</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/accessibility-and-us-geological-survey">Accessibility</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/sitemap">Site Map</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://answers.usgs.gov/">Contact USGS</a></li> </ul> </div> <hr> <div class="footer-doi"> <ul class="menu nav"> <li class="first leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.doi.gov/">U.S. Department of the Interior</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.doioig.gov/">DOI Inspector General</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/">White House</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/management/egov/">E-gov</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.doi.gov/pmb/eeo/no-fear-act">No Fear Act</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-links menu-level-1"><a href="https://www.usgs.gov/about/organization/science-support/foia">FOIA</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer-social-links"> <ul class="social"> <li class="follow">Follow</li> <li class="twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/usgs" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-square"><span class="only">Twitter</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="facebook"> <a href="https://facebook.com/usgeologicalsurvey" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square"><span class="only">Facebook</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="github"> <a href="https://github.com/usgs" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-github"><span class="only">GitHub</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="flickr"> <a href="https://flickr.com/usgeologicalsurvey" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-flickr"><span class="only">Flickr</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="youtube"> <a href="http://youtube.com/usgs" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-youtube-play"><span class="only">YouTube</span></i> </a> </li> <li class="instagram"> <a href="https://instagram.com/usgs" target="_blank"> <i class="fa fa-instagram"><span class="only">Instagram</span></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> </html>

CINXE.COM

Planetary Names