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<span>Major works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Major_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influence_and_criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence_and_criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Influence and criticism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influence_and_criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography_and_works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography_and_works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography and works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography_and_works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jacopo Mazzoni" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jacopo Mazzoni" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacopo Mazzoni" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacopo Mazzoni" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF" title="ജക്കോപ്പോ മസോണി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജക്കോപ്പോ മസോണി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacopo_Mazzoni" title="Jacopo Mazzoni – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jacopo Mazzoni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jacopo Mazzoni</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;">Jacobus Mazzonius</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni,_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg/220px-Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg/330px-Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg/440px-Portret_van_Jacopo_Mazzoni%2C_RP-P-1909-4694.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2492" data-file-height="3676" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Jacopo Mazzoni</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1548-11-27</span>)</span>27 November 1548<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 April 1598<span style="display:none">(1598-04-10)</span> (aged 49)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, Papal States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Italian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Battista Mazzoni and Innocenza Mazzoni (née Masini)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristotelianism" title="Aristotelianism">Aristotelianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Accademia_della_Crusca" title="Accademia della Crusca">Accademia della Crusca</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca,_stagionato_(jacopo_mazzoni),_xix_secolo,_forno_da_pane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg/220px-Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg/330px-Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg/440px-Pale_degli_accademici_della_crusca%2C_stagionato_%28jacopo_mazzoni%29%2C_xix_secolo%2C_forno_da_pane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2704" data-file-height="4664" /></a><figcaption>The shovel of Jacopo Mazzoni (Stagionato) at <a href="/wiki/Accademia_della_Crusca" title="Accademia della Crusca">Accademia della Crusca</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jacopo Mazzoni</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinized</a> as <b>Jacobus Mazzonius</b>) (27 November 1548 – 10 April 1598) was an Italian <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, a professor in <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, and friend of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first name is sometimes reported as <b>Giacomo</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Giacopo (Jacopo) Mazzoni was born in <a href="/wiki/Cesena" title="Cesena">Cesena</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (modern day Italy) on 27 November 1548.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Educated in <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poetics" title="Poetics">poetics</a>, Mazzoni later attended the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Padua" title="University of Padua">University of Padua</a> in 1563 where he studied <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a>. </p><p>One of the most eminent savants of the period, Mazzoni was reported to have an excellent memory, which made him adept at recalling passages from <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucretius" title="Lucretius">Lucretius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>, and others in his regular debates with prominent public figures. It also allowed him to excel at memory contests, which he routinely won.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is said to have defeated the <a href="/wiki/James_Crichton" title="James Crichton">Admirable Crichton</a> three times in <a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later in life, Mazzoni would teach at universities in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and Cesena, and was partly responsible for the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_della_Crusca" title="Accademia della Crusca">Della Crusca Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was an authority on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_language" title="Ancient language">ancient languages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a>, and gave a great impetus to the scientific study of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian language</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazzoni died in <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>, Italy, in 1598.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_works">Major works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Major works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though Mazzoni considered himself primarily a philosopher,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams1971178_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1971178-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his major work of philosophy – an attempt to reconcile the theories of <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> called <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De Triplici Hominum Vita, Activa Nempe, Contemplativa, et Religiosa Methodi Tres</i></span> (<i>On the Three Ways of Man's Life: the Active, the Contemplative, and the Religious</i>, published in 1576) – is not widely read. Mazzoni is most known for his work on <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a>, particularly his defenses of Dante's <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Comedy" title="Divine Comedy">Divine Comedy</a></i>, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Discorso in Difesa Della Commedia Della Divino Poeta Dante</i></span> (<i>The Discourse in Defense of the Comedy of the Divine Poet Dante</i>), published in 1572 and a second effort, <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Della Difesa Della Comedia Di Dante</i></span> (<i>On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante</i>), which was not published until 1688.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazzoni was originally asked to write the defense by a noble friend who was distressed at criticism being leveled at the <i>Divine Comedy</i> by Ridolfo Castravilla.<sup id="cite_ref-gilbert358_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gilbert358-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazzoni's initial volume on the subject (<i>The Discourse in Defense</i>...), which he claims was written in only 20 days,<sup id="cite_ref-monty5_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monty5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> attracted criticism for its sometimes vague reasoning and its tendency, at times, to simply contradict, rather than refute, Dante's detractors.<sup id="cite_ref-monty5_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monty5-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to criticisms that contemporaries such as Belisario Bulgarini leveled against his first effort, Mazzoni wrote the more extensive and more sophisticated <i>On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gilbert358_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gilbert358-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this work, before directly addressing Dante's work, Mazzoni develops his theory of poetics, in which, drawing heavily from Plato and Aristotle, he discusses <a href="/wiki/Mimesis" title="Mimesis">mimesis</a>, the role of <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a>, and the definition of poetry versus poetics (see Theory section, below). Though no complete English translation of Mazzoni's text exists, excerpts from the Introduction and Summary have appeared in some anthologies, as well as in a partial translation by Robert L. Montgomery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of Mazzoni's more significant contributions to criticism is his discussion of mimesis in poetry. Mazzoni departs from his predecessors in that he conceives of poetic imitation not as the recreation of an actual object, but as the recreation of an ideal. This idea, which has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baudrillard" title="Jean Baudrillard">Jean Baudrillard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Simulacrum" title="Simulacrum">simulacrum</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazzoni calls the <i>idol</i> – a concept constructed by human artifice to which poetic imitations are compared in order to determine their believability. Mazzoni discusses believability or credibility, rather than truth – he defines poetry as a sophistic activity, the purpose of which is not to recreate truth, but rather to mimic that which will have the proper effect on the audience. As Mazzoni says, "if it should happen that two things should appear before the poet, one of them false but credible and the other true but incredible or at least not very credible, then the poet must leave the true and follow the credible."<sup id="cite_ref-leitch309_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch309-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazzoni resurrects the ancient tradition of linking poetry to rhetoric, which also has the credible, rather than the true, as its object. He also gives great importance to poetry's effect on the audience as a determinant of quality. Although he admits that much of the exercise of poetry involves attempting faithful imitation (albeit of human constructs or categories, not ones that are necessarily true), success in poetry for him is ultimately determined by persuasion, not truth and objectivity. For him, successful poetry is something that occurs in and of the audience, not outside and independent of it. For Mazzoni, even <i>poetry</i> is a meaningless category – it is our classifications that constitute criticism,<sup id="cite_ref-monty11_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monty11-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> not our ability to form a relationship with some reified thing called "The Poem". </p><p>Like Plato, Mazzoni was very concerned with determining the purpose of poetry (Weinberg, 324). For him, its purpose is to "move the reader to pleasure and delight in the perception of the believable images."<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Essentially, for Mazzoni, the purpose of poetry is recreation and pleasure; however, he also attaches a concept he calls "civil faculty."<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In part, this has to do with the idea that taking a break from serious business (i.e., by creating or consuming poetry) allows one to return to that business afterwards with renewed enthusiasm.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazzoni also says, however, that there is a distinct pleasure in poetry which, in addition to its ability to delight, carries with it a concealed lesson, moral, or other element that allows it to contribute to the improvement of society.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mazzoni's work is characterized by his methodical attempts to draw distinctions between similar phenomena.<sup id="cite_ref-leitch300_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In proceeding along this course, he makes some compelling definitions and distinctions, such as that between poetry and poetics, the former being concerned with the formation of poetry (considerations for rhyme or meter for example) and the latter with a poem's relationship to the "civil faculty."<sup id="cite_ref-leitch301_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch301-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The distinction between icastic and phantastic imitation, concepts borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a>, is also important in Mazzoni's work. <i>Icastic imitation</i> refers to the recreation of something based in reality – a simulation of a real person or the creation of a character based on a real person is icastic imitation. <i>Phantastic imitation</i> is the imitation of something completely the artist's imagination.<sup id="cite_ref-monty8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-monty8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This distinction would play an important role in Mazzoni's <i>On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante</i>, in which he would argue that the work, being allegorical and based in a divine vision, was icastic mimesis because it imitates something real. This was meant to counter arguments by writers such as Castravilla who dismissed Dante's work as lacking in <a href="/wiki/Verisimilitude" title="Verisimilitude">verisimilitude</a> and even claimed that the <i>Comedy</i> was not poetry at all, as it was simply the recounting of a vision.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Mazzoni's definitions, these were not valid criticisms, as poetry was essentially mimesis made persuasive by the use of craft or art. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of Mazzoni's influences are clear, such as <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. Mazzoni regularly makes direct reference to their works and draws some of his ideas directly from theories that they established (such as Plato's icastic and phantastic imitation). The influence of other thinkers has also been identified in Mazzoni's work, including <a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">neo-platonists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Proclus" title="Proclus">Proclus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Second_Sophistic" title="Second Sophistic">Greek sophists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus" title="Dionysius of Halicarnassus">Dionysius of Halicarnassus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Gellius" title="Aulus Gellius">Aulus Gellius</a> (the latter two particularly in Mazzoni's discussion on the impact of the character of the poet on the nature of the poem).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_and_criticism">Influence and criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Influence and criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mazzoni influenced many theorists ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic era">Romantic era</a> right up to the 21st century. In "emphasizing poetry's relationship to images and games,"<sup id="cite_ref-leitch301_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leitch301-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, Mazzoni informs romantic writers such as <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Schiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich von Schiller">Friedrich von Schiller</a> (Leitch, 301). His influence can also be seen in modern efforts to define the difference between poetic language and other types.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mazzoni has also been subject to criticism, for example, he has been called contradictory in trying to assign both pleasure and social utility to poetry at the same time, while others<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2024)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> question his use of the distinction between icastic and phantastic mimesis (Leitch, 301). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazzoni,_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita,_activa_nempe,_contemplativa,_et_religiosa_methodi_tres,_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg/220px-Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg/330px-Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg/440px-Mazzoni%2C_Jacopo_%E2%80%93_De_triplici_hominum_vita%2C_activa_nempe%2C_contemplativa%2C_et_religiosa_methodi_tres%2C_1577_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11397199.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">De triplici hominum vita, activa nempe, contemplativa, et religiosa methodi tres</i></span>, 1577</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=11397199"><i>De triplici hominum vita, activa nempe, contemplativa, et religiosa methodi tres</i></a> (in Latin). Cesena: Bartolomeo Raverio. 1577.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+triplici+hominum+vita%2C+activa+nempe%2C+contemplativa%2C+et+religiosa+methodi+tres&rft.place=Cesena&rft.pub=Bartolomeo+Raverio&rft.date=1577&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.beic.it%2Fwebclient%2FDeliveryManager%3Fpid%3D11397199&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacopo+Mazzoni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeilbron2010" class="citation book cs1">Heilbron, John (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0hSaFC9eFd8C"><i>Galileo</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 46–112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191625022" title="Special:BookSources/9780191625022"><bdi>9780191625022</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Galileo&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=46-112&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780191625022&rft.aulast=Heilbron&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0hSaFC9eFd8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacopo+Mazzoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDalmas2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDalmas2009">Dalmas 2009</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leitch300-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch300_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitch, 300</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdams1971178-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdams1971178_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdams1971">Adams 1971</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gilbert358-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gilbert358_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gilbert358_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gilbert, 358</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monty5-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-monty5_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-monty5_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Montgomery, 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leitch309-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leitch309_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitch, 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monty11-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monty11_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Montgomery, 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leitch301-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leitch301_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leitch301_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leitch, 301</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-monty8-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-monty8_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Montgomery, 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hathaway, 69–70</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weinberg, 643</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Adams, 178</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography_and_works_cited">Bibliography and works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography and works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdams1971" class="citation book cs1">Adams, Hazard (1971). <i>Critical Theory Since Plato</i>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Critical+Theory+Since+Plato&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=Hazard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacopo+Mazzoni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Mazzoni,_Giacomo" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mazzoni, Giacomo">Mazzoni, Giacomo</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mazzoni%2C+Giacomo&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=945&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacopo+Mazzoni" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gilbert, Allan H. <i>Literary Criticism: Plato to Dryden</i>. Wayne State University Press: Detroit, 1962.</li> <li>Hathway, Baxter. <i>Marvels and Commonplaces: Renaissance Literary Criticism</i>. New York: Random House, 1968.</li> <li>Leitch, Vincent B. Ed. "From On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante." <i>The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism</i>. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2001. pp. 302–323.</li> <li>Leitch, Vincent B. Ed. "Giacopo Mazzoni." <i>The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism</i>. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2001. pp. 299–302.</li> <li>Mazzoni, Giacopo. <i>On the Defense of the Comedy of Dante: Introduction and summary</i>. Trans. Robert L. Montgomery. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1983.</li> <li>Weinberg, Bernard. <i>A History of Literary Criticism in the Italian Renaissance</i>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1961.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalmas2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dalmas, Davide (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/jacopo-mazzoni_(Dizionario-Biografico)">"Mazzoni, Jacopo"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dizionario_Biografico_degli_Italiani" title="Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani">Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani</a>, Volume 72: Massimo–Mechetti</i> (in Italian). Rome: <a href="/wiki/Treccani" title="Treccani">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-81200032-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-81200032-6"><bdi>978-8-81200032-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mazzoni%2C+Jacopo&rft.btitle=Dizionario+Biografico+degli+Italiani%2C+Volume+72%3A+Massimo%E2%80%93Mechetti&rft.place=Rome&rft.pub=Istituto+dell%27Enciclopedia+Italiana&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-8-81200032-6&rft.aulast=Dalmas&rft.aufirst=Davide&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treccani.it%2Fenciclopedia%2Fjacopo-mazzoni_%28Dizionario-Biografico%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacopo+Mazzoni" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Mazzoni&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/mazzon.htm">University of Düsseldorf page on Mazzoni</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145924/http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/mazzon.htm">Archived</a> 10 September 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 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<span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757022#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000083444870">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/69860251">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/113207/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwX74R69fvfF47JVjdbBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124394302">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n83071193">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16582720j">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16582720j">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Mazzoni, Jacopo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/RAVV065436">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4927606">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/258148">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074310089">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=169425">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9811340563405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/93731">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007425424705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="MAZZONI, Jacopo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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