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periods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_tolls_by_time_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_tolls_by_provinces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_tolls_by_provinces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Death tolls by provinces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_tolls_by_provinces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alawite_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alawite_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Alawite deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alawite_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civilian_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civilian_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Civilian deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civilian_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combatant_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combatant_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Combatant deaths </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Combatant_deaths-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Combatant deaths subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Combatant_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Government forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-government_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-government_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Anti-government forces </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-government_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreigners_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreigners_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Foreigners killed </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Foreigners_killed-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Foreigners killed subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Foreigners_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Foreign_civilians_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_civilians_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Foreign civilians killed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_civilians_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_pro-government_fighters_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_pro-government_fighters_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign pro-government fighters killed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_pro-government_fighters_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_anti-government_fighters_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_anti-government_fighters_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Foreign anti-government fighters killed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_anti-government_fighters_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_soldiers_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_soldiers_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Foreign soldiers killed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_soldiers_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_air-strike_casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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id="toc-Russian_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli_intervention" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_intervention"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Israeli intervention </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_intervention-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_workers_killed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_workers_killed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Medical workers killed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_workers_killed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" 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title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Syria" title="Demographics of Syria">Pre-war population</a> 22 ±.5; Internally displaced 6 ±.5, Refugees 5.5 ±.5, Fatalities 0.5 ±.1 (millions)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Syrian refugees</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">By country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Egypt" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Lebanon" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Jordan" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_in_Turkey" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war in Turkey">Turkey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">Settlements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee_camps" title="Syrian refugee camps">Camps</a>: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Syrian_refugee_camps_in_Jordan" title="List of Syrian refugee camps in Jordan">Jordan</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a href="/wiki/Internally_displaced_persons_in_Syria" title="Internally displaced persons in Syria">Internally displaced Syrians</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Casualties of the war</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-size:80%;">Crimes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="War crimes in the Syrian civil war">War crimes</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">massacres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Rape during the Syrian civil war">rape</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:LightSteelBlue;"><a href="/wiki/Return_of_refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Return of refugees of the Syrian civil war">Return of refugees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Refugees_as_weapons#Syrian_Civil_War" title="Refugees as weapons">Refugees as weapons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Syrian_civil_war_criminals" title="Prosecution of Syrian civil war criminals">Prosecution of war criminals</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Template talk:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_toll_of_Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human toll of Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aleppo_hospital.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aleppo_hospital.PNG/220px-Aleppo_hospital.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aleppo_hospital.PNG/330px-Aleppo_hospital.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Aleppo_hospital.PNG/440px-Aleppo_hospital.PNG 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>Doctors and medical staff treating injured rebel fighters and civilians in Aleppo</figcaption></figure> Estimates of the total number of deaths in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>, by various war monitors, range between 580,000 as of May 2021,<a href="#cite_note-GCR2P-1">[1]</a> and approximately 617,910 as of March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> In late September 2021, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> stated it had documented the deaths of at least 350,209 "identified individuals" in the conflict between March 2011 and March 2021, but cautioned the figure was "certainly an under-count" that specified only a "minimum verifiable number".<a href="#cite_note-UN1-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The most violent year of the conflict was 2014, when around 110,000 people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> In April 2016, UN envoy to Syria <a href="/wiki/Staffan_de_Mistura" title="Staffan de Mistura">Staffan de Mistura</a> stated that more than 400,000 people were killed in the Syrian civil war.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> By mid-March 2022, opposition activist group the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> (SOHR) reported the number of children killed in the conflict had risen to 25,857, and that 15,761 women had also been killed.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> On 28 June 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights">United Nations Human Rights Office</a> (OHCHR) stated that at least 306,887 <a href="/wiki/Civilians" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilians">civilians</a> had been killed in Syria during the conflict between March 2011 and March 2021, representing about 1.5% of its pre-war population. This figure did not include indirect and non-civilian deaths.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> As of May 2021, according to the <a href="/wiki/Responsibility_to_protect#Global_Centre_for_the_Responsibility_to_Protect" title="Responsibility to protect">GCR2P</a> NGO, a minimum of 580,000 people is estimated to have been killed; with 13 million <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrians</a> being displaced and 6.7 million <a href="/wiki/Syrian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian refugee">refugees forced to flee Syria</a>. Government forces reportedly arrested and tortured numerous repatriated refugees, subjecting them to <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearances">forced disappearances</a> and <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_executions" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrajudicial executions">extrajudicial executions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GCR2P-1">[1]</a> As of February 2015, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">UNHCR</a> has designated the conflict as the "world's worst humanitarian crisis", while the head of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">UNHRC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic" title="Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic">commission for Syria</a> stated the Syrian government was responsible for the majority of civilian casualties up to that point.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Network_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Network for Human Rights">Syrian Network for Human Rights</a> estimated the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba'athist Syria">Syrian government</a> and its foreign allies to be responsible for 91% of the total civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> According to the pro-opposition <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">SOHR</a>, 87% of all civilian deaths it had documented were caused by government or pro-government forces.<a href="#cite_note-nonSyrianKurds-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overall_deaths">Overall deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overall deaths">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_(October_2013).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/275px-Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/413px-Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/550px-Total_deaths_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png 2x" data-file-width="632" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>Total deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_(October_2013).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/275px-Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/413px-Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png/550px-Deaths_per_week_during_the_syrian_civil_war_%28October_2013%29.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption>Weekly deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 – 18 October 2013)</figcaption></figure> All of the following totals include civilians, rebels and government forces: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Source </th> <th>Casualties </th> <th>Time period </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> </td> <td>350,209 killed (minimum, identified only)<a href="#cite_note-UN1-3">[3]</a> </td> <td>15 March 2011 – 15 March 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Responsibility_to_protect#Global_Centre_for_the_Responsibility_to_Protect" title="Responsibility to protect">GCR2P</a> </td> <td>580,000 killed (minimum)<a href="#cite_note-GCR2P-1">[1]</a> </td> <td>15 March 2011 – 31 May 2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a> </td> <td>617,910 killed (507,567 conf. by names)<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[note 1]</a> </td> <td>15 March 2011 – 15 March 2023 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_tolls_by_time_periods">Death tolls by time periods</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Death tolls by time periods">edit</a>]</div> The following figures were all compiled by the SOHR which is considered an authoritative source on the matter.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> The figures are only for documented deaths, while the SOHR estimates another 110,343 undocumented deaths had occurred.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_(SOHR).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png/275px-Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png/413px-Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png/550px-Fatalities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war_%28SOHR%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="755" /></a><figcaption>Monthly documented fatalities in the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a> according to <a href="/wiki/SOHR" class="mw-redirect" title="SOHR">SOHR</a>:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Civilians</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Pro-government forces</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian anti-government fighters</a>, <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Protection_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Protection Units">YPG</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Foreign_rebel_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian Civil War">Foreign anti-government fighters</a></div> </figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Time period </th> <th>Combatants<a href="#cite_note-combatants-18">[17]</a> </th> <th>Civilians<a href="#cite_note-civilians-19">[18]</a> </th> <th>Grand total (inc. unidentified)<a href="#cite_note-11years-20">[19]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>3,873 </td> <td>3,968 </td> <td>7,841 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>30,253 </td> <td>22,663 </td> <td>52,916 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>60,626 </td> <td>36,383 </td> <td>97,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>80,009 </td> <td>30,911 </td> <td>110,920 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>61,705 </td> <td>23,822 </td> <td>85,527 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>46,191 </td> <td>17,935 </td> <td>64,126 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>26,815 </td> <td>11,387 </td> <td>38,202 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>13,357 </td> <td>6,776 </td> <td>20,133 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>7,756 </td> <td>3,488 </td> <td>11,244 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>5,278 </td> <td>1,484 </td> <td>6,762 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>2,324 </td> <td>1,560 </td> <td>3,884 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>2,141 </td> <td>1,627 </td> <td>3,825<a href="#cite_note-SOHR2022-21">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>2,472 </td> <td>1,889 </td> <td>4,361<a href="#cite_note-SOHR2023-22">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jan. 2024 </td> <td>216 </td> <td>143 </td> <td>359<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Feb. 2024 </td> <td>263 </td> <td>142 </td> <td>405<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>343,344 </td> <td>164,223 </td> <td>507,567<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The following breakdown of combatant fatalities does not include 36,957 pro-government and 25,955 anti-government fighters who were killed sometime between 2011 and 2020, but whose deaths were only documented by the SOHR in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="50%" valign="top"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Time period <a href="#cite_note-SOHR2019-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHR2020-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHR2021-28">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHR2022-21">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHR2023-22">[21]</a> </th> <th>Pro-government forces </th> <th>Anti-government forces </th></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td>3,138 </td> <td>619 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td>18,928 </td> <td>9,746 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td>30,269 </td> <td>18,914 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td>25,106 </td> <td>32,803 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>17,668 </td> <td>23,601 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>14,771 </td> <td>23,431 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>10,771 </td> <td>14,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>4,522 </td> <td>8,663 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>2,968 </td> <td>4,727 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>2,585 </td> <td>2,693 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>1,069 </td> <td>1,238 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>844 </td> <td>1,297 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>1,524 </td> <td>854 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_tolls_by_provinces">Death tolls by provinces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Death tolls by provinces">edit</a>]</div> According to the Syrian opposition website Syrian Martyrs, the conflict's documented death toll was 151,888 up to 30 April 2016, which was the time of its last update.<a href="#cite_note-shuhadamain-29">[28]</a> The number includes 35,859 rebel combatants but does not include members of the government security forces or pro-government foreign combatants who have died.<a href="#cite_note-Number_as_a_civil_/_military-30">[29]</a> Early in the conflict, the Syrian Martyrs number of civilian deaths was significantly higher than the ones presented by other organisations, including the UN; among the reasons are that they recorded deaths even when no name is given for the reportedly killed individual and that they collated reports of deaths from more sources.<a href="#cite_note-Syriancrisis-31">[30]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Governorate</th> <th>Number of deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latakia_Governorate" title="Latakia Governorate">Latakia</a></td> <td>1,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_Governorate" title="Rif Dimashq Governorate">Rif Dimashq</a></td> <td>34,813 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Homs_Governorate" title="Homs Governorate">Homs</a></td> <td>17,993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hama_Governorate" title="Hama Governorate">Hama</a></td> <td>9,867 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate">Al-Hasakah</a></td> <td>1,693 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate" title="Daraa Governorate">Daraa</a></td> <td>14,227 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_Governorate" title="Aleppo Governorate">Aleppo</a></td> <td>31,257 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate">Deir ez-Zor</a></td> <td>9,696 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Governorate" title="Damascus Governorate">Damascus</a></td> <td>9,747 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tartus_Governorate" title="Tartus Governorate">Tartus</a></td> <td>555 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate" title="Quneitra Governorate">Quneitra</a></td> <td>1,069 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib</a></td> <td>16,699 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_Governorate" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Suwayda Governorate">As-Suwayda</a></td> <td>106 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_Governorate" title="Raqqa Governorate">Raqqa</a></td> <td>2,655 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total</td> <td>151,888<a href="#cite_note-shuhadamain-29">[28]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alawite_deaths">Alawite deaths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alawite deaths">edit</a>]</div> In May 2013, SOHR stated that at least 41,000 of those killed during the conflict were <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> By April 2015, reportedly a third of the country's 250,000 Alawites that were of fighting age had been killed.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> In April 2017, a pro-opposition source claimed 150,000 young Alawites had died.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civilian_deaths">Civilian deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Civilian deaths">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Network_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Network for Human Rights">Syrian Network for Human Rights</a> has stated it had documented 231,108 civilian deaths and 14 million displaced between March 2011 and January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <th>Perpetrator </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Numbers of civilians killed </th> <th>Men </th> <th>Women </th> <th>Children </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Syrian government forces</td> <td>201,234</td> <td>166,201</td> <td>11,998</td> <td>23,035 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Russian forces</td> <td>6,963</td> <td>3,929</td> <td>982</td> <td>2,052 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Islamic State</td> <td>5,054</td> <td>3,509</td> <td>587</td> <td>958 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Other unnamed parties</td> <td>8,562</td> <td>5,715</td> <td>1,022</td> <td>1,825 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Syrian National Army / Armed Opposition</td> <td>4,222</td> <td>2,327</td> <td>886</td> <td>1,009 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">U.S.-led CJTF coalition forces</td> <td>3,055</td> <td>1,471</td> <td>658</td> <td>926 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Syrian Democratic Forces</td> <td>1,481</td> <td>1,045</td> <td>177</td> <td>259 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Hayat Tahrir al Sham</td> <td>533</td> <td>377</td> <td>81</td> <td>75 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left">Turkistan Islamic Party</td> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total</th> <th>231,108</th> <th>181,540</th> <th>16,319</th> <th>30,127 </th></tr></tbody></table> According to the pro-opposition <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>, 164,223 civilians had been killed between March 2011 and March 2024. This number does not include an estimated 55,000 civilians killed in government prisons.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Causes </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Number of killed civilians </th></tr> <tr> <td>Syrian government forces & allied militias</td> <td>128,654 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russian forces</td> <td>8,729 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Explosions</td> <td>5,062 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Islamic State</td> <td>4,873 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Various attacks</td> <td>2,805 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Uncertain as to Russian or Syrian Arab Air Force</td> <td>2,504 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opposition factions</td> <td>2,409 </td></tr> <tr> <td>International Coalition forces</td> <td>2,409 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown circumstances</td> <td>1,349 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prohibited weapons</td> <td>1,028 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Poor living conditions</td> <td>988 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkish forces</td> <td>974 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Jihadists</td> <td>908 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syrian Democratic forces</td> <td>478 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Field executions</td> <td>467 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Israeli forces</td> <td>35 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others</td> <td>281 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL</td> <td>164,223 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the Violations Documentation Center in Syria, 135,501 civilians had been killed until June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Perpetrator </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Number of killed civilians </th></tr> <tr> <td>Syrian government forces</td> <td>111,016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russian forces</td> <td>6,861 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Islamic State</td> <td>4,969 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other</td> <td>4,876 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Opposition forces (incl. FSA and Islamists)</td> <td>3,097 </td></tr> <tr> <td>International coalition forces</td> <td>2,778 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turkish forces</td> <td>1,088 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Syrian Democratic Forces</td> <td>576 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other jihadist factions</td> <td>162 </td></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL</td> <td>131,750 </td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/Statista" title="Statista">Statista</a> Research Department, at least 207,000 civilians had been killed by March 2023,<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> including about 25,000 children.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> At the start of the war, Al Jazeera journalist <a href="/wiki/Nir_Rosen" title="Nir Rosen">Nir Rosen</a> stated that many of the deaths reported daily by activists were in fact armed insurgents falsely presented as civilian deaths, but said that real civilian deaths do occur on a regular basis.<a href="#cite_note-nirrosen-39">[38]</a> Several Middle East analysts, including Sharmine Narwani from the Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Al_Akhbar_(Lebanon)" title="Al Akhbar (Lebanon)">Al Akhbar</a> newspaper and the UAE/Saudi <a href="/wiki/Al_Arabiya" title="Al Arabiya">Al Arabiya</a> website, also urged caution.<a href="#cite_note-Narwani_28Feb2012-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> This was later confirmed when in late May 2012, Rami Abdulrahman of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Observatory_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Observatory for Human Rights">Syrian Observatory for Human Rights</a>, which is one of the pro-opposition monitor groups counting the number of those killed in the uprising, stated that civilians who had taken up arms during the earliest days of the conflict were being counted under the category of "civilians" as they were not army nor army defectors.<a href="#cite_note-morethan13000-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-violence-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-over14400-44">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Combatant_deaths">Combatant deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Combatant deaths">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_forces">Government forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Government forces">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pro-government combatants </th> <th>Fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL </td> <td>171,651–184,272<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHRundocumented-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-balance-46">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian military">Syrian military</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Syria)" title="Ministry of Interior (Syria)">police</a> </td> <td>92,839–105,242<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHRundocumented-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_groups_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War">Syrian militias</a> </td> <td>67,905<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> </td> <td>1,782–2,000<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-balance-46">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Russian mercenaries </td> <td>273<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other non-Syrian fighters </td> <td>8,852<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> The non-Syrian militiamen fatalities figure includes: over 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Afghans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> at least 1,308 <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(Iraq_War)#Shia_Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi insurgency (Iraq War)">Iraqi Shia militiamen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> 561–620 <a href="/wiki/Special_forces_of_Iran" title="Special forces of Iran">Iranians</a>,<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> 158 Pakistanis,<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> one Lebanese member of the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">SCNP</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> one member of the Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal Movement</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> and a Saudi Shiite fighter.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Other sources put the overall number of killed Iranian-lead forces, which also includes the Afghan and Pakistani militias,<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> at between 2,500 and 3,500 by the end of August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Also, 1,878 Palestinian militiamen have been killed, according to the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP–GC</a>, and these include: 1,100 <a href="/wiki/Liwa_Al-Quds" class="mw-redirect" title="Liwa Al-Quds">Liwa Al-Quds</a> fighters, 420 PFLP–GC members, 285 members of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">PLA</a>, 42 who belonged to <a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Intifada" title="Fatah al-Intifada">Fatah al-Intifada</a>, 11 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a> members, 10 Al Saeka Brigade fighters and 10 <a href="/wiki/Free_Palestine_Movement" title="Free Palestine Movement">Free Palestine Movement</a> members.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Additionally, the Action Group For Palestinians of Syria reported 21 <a href="/wiki/Galilee_Forces" title="Galilee Forces">Galilee Forces</a> fighters had been killed and put the number of dead Free Palestine Movement members higher at 24.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> 17 PLA soldiers were also missing.<a href="#cite_note-61">[60]</a> Except one death (August 2011),<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> all of the Hezbollah fatalities have occurred since September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Between October 2015 and December 2017, it was reported that 150–200 Russian <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">security contractors</a> had been killed.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, 273 Russian <a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group#Casualties" title="Wagner Group">mercenaries</a> were killed until mid-March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> In addition, 1,000 civilian government officials were also killed by November 2012.<a href="#cite_note-safepassage-66">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-government_forces">Anti-government forces</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Anti-government forces">edit</a>]</div> Due to the main opposition monitor SOHR's policy early in the conflict of counting rebel fighters that were not defectors as civilians,<a href="#cite_note-morethan13000-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-violence-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-over14400-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> a comprehensive number of rebels killed in the conflict, thus far, has not been ascertained. In late November 2012, SOHR estimated that at least 10,000 rebels had been killed, but noted the possibility of the figure being higher because the rebels, like the government, were lying about how many of their forces had died to make it look like they were winning.<a href="#cite_note-over40000-68">[67]</a> In March 2013, SOHR stated that the actual number of killed rebels and government forces could be double the number they were already able to document.<a href="#cite_note-SOHRface-69">[68]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Anti-government combatants </th> <th>Fatalities </th></tr> <tr> <td>TOTAL </td> <td>171,562–213,159<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHRundocumented-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Syrian opposition</a> (including non-ISIL <a href="/wiki/Jihadism" title="Jihadism">jihadists</a>) </td> <td>112,365–153,962<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHRundocumented-45">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> </td> <td>41,374<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF</a> & <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">PKK</a> </td> <td>17,875<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> There have been 80,917 <a href="/wiki/Foreign_rebel_fighters_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign rebel fighters in the Syrian Civil War">Jihadists (including foreigners) and foreign SDF fighters</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> at least 455 anti-government suicide bombers<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> and 246 rebel <a href="/wiki/Military_use_of_children" class="mw-redirect" title="Military use of children">child soldiers</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> that have been killed in the conflict. 936 of the killed foreigners were in the SDF, mostly <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> from parts of <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Kurdistan" title="Syrian Kurdistan">Syrian Kurdistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nonSyrianKurds-14">[14]</a> More than 3,200 members of the <a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a> (PKK) also died while fighting alongside the SDF.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreigners_killed">Foreigners killed</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Foreigners killed">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_civilians_killed">Foreign civilians killed</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Foreign civilians killed">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Number of deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian people">Palestinians</a></td> <td>3,383<a href="#cite_note-actionpal-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></td> <td>95<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></td> <td>47<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></td> <td>42<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></td> <td>26<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Violations_Documenting_Center2-88">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></td> <td>23<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></td> <td>15<a href="#cite_note-Violations_Documenting_Center2-88">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></td> <td>12<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></td> <td>9<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></td> <td>9<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>6<a href="#cite_note-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></td> <td>4<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>4<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></td> <td>3<a href="#cite_note-95">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></td> <td>3<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-Violations_Documenting_Center2-88">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>2<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-96">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Unknown</td> <td>10<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_pro-government_fighters_killed">Foreign pro-government fighters killed</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Foreign pro-government fighters killed">edit</a>]</div> 10,907 foreign pro-government fighters have been killed by mid-March 2024, according to the SOHR, including 1,782 Lebanese Hezbollah, 8,852 Non-Syrian militiamen backed by Iran and Russia and 273 Russian-backed non-Syrian mercenaries.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-nonSyrianKurds-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_anti-government_fighters_killed">Foreign anti-government fighters killed</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Foreign anti-government fighters killed">edit</a>]</div> 9,936 foreign opposition fighters were killed by late December 2013, according to the Jihadist Salafist Movement in Jordan, with the nationalities being as follows: 1,902 Tunisians, 1,807 Libyans, 1,432 Iraqis, 828 Lebanese, 821 Egyptians, 800 Palestinians, 714 Saudis, 571 Yemenis, 412 Moroccans, 274 Algerians, 202 Jordanians, 91 Omanis, 71 Kuwaitis, 42 Somalis, 30 Albanians and Caucasians, 21 Bahrainis, 9 Emiratis, 8 Qataris, 3 Sudanese and 1 Mauritanian.<a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a> The London-based European Centre for Syria Research put the number of Saudis killed even higher at 729 a month earlier in November 2013, out of 6,113 foreign fighters reported killed by then.<a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> The jihadist movement updated the number of Jordanians killed by late May 2014 to 342,<a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> although they put the figure in late October at over 250.<a href="#cite_note-102">[101]</a> According to another estimate, the Jordanian toll was at least 500 by July 2016.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Abu_Omar_al-Shishani" title="Abu Omar al-Shishani">Abu Omar al-Shishani</a>, the Chechen <a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant">ISIL</a> commander, 500 militants from the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> had been killed by mid-January 2014 since the start of the war.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov" title="Ramzan Kadyrov">Ramzan Kadyrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Head_of_the_Chechen_Republic" title="Head of the Chechen Republic">Head of the Chechen Republic</a>, stated in mid-November 2015, that 200 Chechens had died.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> According to a report by a Syrian military research center, as of September 2014: 3,872 Saudi, 3,691 Chechen and 2,904 Lebanese fighters had been killed. Another 2,689 Saudi fighters were missing.<a href="#cite_note-106">[105]</a> In mid-May 2015, at least 70 Lebanese fighters were reported killed in the previous several months.<a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> In late December 2015, Tunis stated 800 Tunisian ISIL fighters had been killed since the start of the war.<a href="#cite_note-108">[107]</a> The nationalities of some others are as follows: 2,960 Russians,<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[109]</a> 403–453 Frenchmen,<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> 400 Turks,<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a> 300 Azerbaijanis,<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a> 300 Tajiks,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> 220–380 Germans,<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> 183 Britons,<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a> 168 Albanians,<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a> 150 Belgians,<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> 150 Kyrgyz,<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a> 95 Australians,<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> 88 Bosniaks,<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> 84 Indonesians,<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> 75 Danes,<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> 51 Americans,<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a> 50 Swedes,<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> 43 Georgians,<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> 39 Dutch,<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> 37 Italians,<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a> 36 Malaysians,<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a> 31 Norwegians,<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> 23 Austrians,<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a> 23 Canadians,<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a> 15–20 Finns,<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a> 16 Indians,<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a> 13 Afghans,<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-names-142">[141]</a> 5 Iranians,<a href="#cite_note-third-143">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-shaghor-144">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a> 4 Irishmen,<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a> 4 Israeli-Arabs,<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a> 4 Maldivians,<a href="#cite_note-maldivians-148">[147]</a> 3 Chinese,<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> 3 Pakistanis,<a href="#cite_note-shaghor-144">[143]</a> 2–3 Filipinos,<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a> 2 Eritreans,<a href="#cite_note-shaghor-144">[143]</a> 2 Mauritanians,<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a> 2 South Africans,<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a> 2 Spaniards,<a href="#cite_note-tracking-154">[153]</a> 2 Uzbeks,<a href="#cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-onebulgarian-155">[154]</a> 1 Armenian,<a href="#cite_note-shaghor-144">[143]</a> 1 Bangladeshi,<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> 1 Bulgarian,<a href="#cite_note-onebulgarian-155">[154]</a> 1 Chadian,<a href="#cite_note-names-142">[141]</a> 1 Japanese,<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a> 1 Kazakh,<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a> 1 Romanian<a href="#cite_note-tracking-154">[153]</a> and 1 Slovenian.<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_soldiers_killed">Foreign soldiers killed</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Foreign soldiers killed">edit</a>]</div> 562–642 foreign soldiers have been killed during the conflict, mostly by military involvement from their countries and in the border areas with Syria. 16 Iraqi servicemen killed On 2 March 2013, one Iraqi soldier was killed during clashes between Syrian rebels and government forces at a Syrian-Iraqi border crossing.<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a> On 4 March 2013, 13 Iraqi soldiers were killed by unknown gunmen near the border with Syria while they were transporting 65 Syrian soldiers and government officials back to their country after they had retreated to Iraq a few days earlier. 48 of the Syrians were also killed in the attack.<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a> On 9 June 2013, Syrian rebels attacked a southern Iraqi border post, killing one Iraqi guard and wounding two.<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a> On 14 July 2013, another attack by fighters from the Syrian side of the border left one Iraqi policeman dead and five others wounded.<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a> 8 Jordanian servicemen killed A Jordanian soldier was killed in clashes with armed militants who were attempting to cross the border from Jordan into Syria on 22 October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a> On 3 January 2015, ISIL burned a Jordanian military pilot alive in a metal cage. The pilot was captured after his airplane crashed near <a href="/wiki/Raqqa" title="Raqqa">Raqqa</a> while conducting air-strikes.<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Six Jordanian soldiers were killed by a car-bomb blast near the Syrian refugee camp of al-Rukban on 21 June 2016.<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a> 60 Lebanese servicemen killed On 1 February 2013, two Lebanese soldiers were killed, along with 1-2 militants, and six were wounded in clashes near the Syrian border which started after an attempt by the military to arrest an anti-Assad rebel commander, who was also killed.<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a> On 28 May 2013, three Lebanese soldiers were killed in an attack on their checkpoint near the border town of Arsal by unknown militants who then fled over the border into Syria.<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a> On 29 March 2014, three soldiers were killed and four wounded in a suicide bomb attack on their checkpoint near Arsal.<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a> 20 soldiers were killed during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a> against Syrian and other foreign jihadists and a further 13 were captured and subsequently executed. On 19 September, two soldiers were killed by a roadside bomb near Arsal.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a> On 2 December, six soldiers were killed and one wounded in an ambush by unknown gunmen in the Tal Hamra area of Ras Baalbek, near the border with Syria.<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> On 23 January 2015, eight soldiers were killed and 22 wounded near Ras Baalbek after their outpost near the border was attacked by ISIL. The fighting also left more than 40 militants dead.<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a> Three soldiers were also killed during <a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qalamoun offensive (July–August 2017)">an offensive against ISIL</a> in the border area in August 2017.<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> 147–170 Russian servicemen killed <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Syria" title="Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria">Russian Armed Forces casualties in Syria</a></div> Following the start of <a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in Syria">Russia's intervention in Syria</a> against rebel and ISIL forces at the end of September 2015, 116 soldiers had died by 23 February 2019.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Among them, was a Russian military co-pilot who was killed when his Su-24 military plane was shot down near the Turkish-Syrian border by the Turkish military on 24 November 2015. His pilot was later recovered alive and well by Russian and Syrian special forces. Additionally, a Russian marine was killed when his military rescue helicopter was shot down by rebels while searching for the downed plane's pilots.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a> Almost half of the deaths were attributed to the crash of an <a href="/wiki/An-26" class="mw-redirect" title="An-26">An-26</a> on approach to Khmeimim air base in Latakia, and the accidental shooting down of a reconnaissance plane by Syrian air-defenses.<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> Seven Russian soldiers were killed in 2020, of whom six died due to hostile fire, including Maj. Gen. Vyacheslav Gladkikh who was killed by an improvised explosive device planted on a side road near Deir ez-Zor on 18 August 2020.<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a> Three soldiers were killed in 2021, by hostile fire,<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a> and seven soldiers were killed in 2023,<a href="#cite_note-SOHR2023-22">[21]</a> including four due to a dispute between them.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> Six officers of the Russian <a href="/wiki/Federal_Security_Service" title="Federal Security Service">Federal Security Service</a> (FSB) were also killed in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a> 315–372 Turkish servicemen killed <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces_casualties_in_Syria" title="Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria">Turkish Armed Forces casualties in Syria</a></div> Two members of the Turkish Air Force were killed when their F-4 Phantom II military jet was shot down near the Turkish-Syrian border by the Syrian Army on 22 June 2012.<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> On 2 May 2013, one Turkish border guard policeman was killed in a clash with smugglers or rebel fighters on the border between Turkey and Syria. According to the opposition, two rebels were killed as well.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a> Throughout 2014, seven soldiers and a policeman were killed along the border with Syria in shootouts with foreign jihadists, Kurdish fighters and other unknown gunmen.<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> On 22 February 2015, a soldier was killed in an accident during a military incursion into Syria to evacuate Turkish troops at the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Suleyman_Shah" title="Tomb of Suleyman Shah">Tomb of Suleyman Shah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a> Later, in two incidents in July and September, two soldiers were killed and five wounded by cross-border fire from ISIL territory in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a> On 15 February 2016, a soldier died at the border during clashes against human smugglers that tried to cross the border illegally.<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> Two Turkish soldiers died in a suicide bombing at a Syrian border crossing in mid-August.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> Following the start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Turkey's ground incursion into Syria</a> against ISIL and Kurdish forces in late August 2016, 72 soldiers had died by 29 March 2017.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> 61–96 more died as result of Turkey's <a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">second large incursion</a> between 2018 and 2019,<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> and 79–93 were killed in Idlib during the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation that began in February 2018</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[note 2]</a> Another 16 Turkish soldiers died during <a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkey's third incursion</a> in clashes against the SDF.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a> 25 more soldiers also died between 2019 and 2023, in the areas of Operation Euphrates Shield and Operation Olive Branch<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> while 29–37 soldiers died in the area of Operation Peace Spring between January 2020 and September 2022.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a> The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights documented the deaths of 261 Turkish soldiers in Syria by 15 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> In early October 2023, clashes between Turkish and pro-Turkish forces on one side and Kurdish forces on the other in northern Syria left eight Turkish soldiers dead.<a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> French serviceman killed The <a href="/wiki/%C3%89lys%C3%A9e_Palace" title="Élysée Palace">Élysée Palace</a> announced in September 2017 that a French servicemen of the 13th regiment of paratroopers died in the Levant region during Operation Chammal. It was not known where the precise location of the soldier's death.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> British serviceman killed A British soldier, named as Sgt Matt Tunroe of the 3rd Battalion the Parachute Regiment died on 30 March 2018 in <a href="/wiki/Manbij" title="Manbij">Manbij</a>. This was initially reported as an IED explosion from which a U.S. soldier had also been killed from.<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-211">[209]</a> However, the Ministry of Defence later clarified it was a case of <a href="/wiki/Friendly_fire" title="Friendly fire">friendly fire</a>, caused by the accidental detonation of explosives carried by another coalition soldier.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> 10 American servicemen killed A U.S. pilot was killed on 30 November 2014, when his <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16</a> fighter aircraft crashed in Jordan.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Also, a U.S. special forces member died due to a IED explosion.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> Two other service members died due to non-combat causes in northern Syria in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> A US serviceman died on 30 March 2018 by an IED explosion in Manbij.<a href="#cite_note-cnn.com-211">[209]</a> Four Americans, including two soldiers, were killed by a bombing in Manbij city on 16 January 2019.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> One American soldier was killed on 28 April 2019,<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> possibly due to Turkish shelling.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Another US soldier died in Syria on January 24, 2020, following a rollover crash in Deir ez-Zor province.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> On 22 July 2020, a US serviceman died in a mishap<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> involving a vehicle overturn in Al-Hasakah.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_air-strike_casualties">Foreign air-strike casualties</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Foreign air-strike casualties">edit</a>]</div> The SOHR considers the following figures on ISIL, al-Nusra and other rebel fatalities to be higher due to the groups' efforts to hide their losses. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American-led_intervention"><a href="/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="American-led intervention in the Syrian civil war">American-led intervention</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: American-led intervention">edit</a>]</div> According to the SOHR, U.S.-led Coalition airstrikes have killed 12,868 people across Syria, of which: 9,176 dead were ISIL fighters, 374 Al-Nusra Front militants and other rebels, 169 government soldiers and 2,679 civilians. The air strikes occurred in the period between 23 September 2014 and 15 March 2024.<a href="#cite_note-coalitionair-223">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-SOHR-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_intervention"><a href="/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Russian intervention">edit</a>]</div> According to the SOHR, Russian airstrikes in Syria killed more than 21,100 people, of whom 6,201 were ISIL fighters, 6,259 militants from the Al-Qaeda affiliate al-Nusra Front and other rebel forces, 8,723 civilians and at least five Turkish soldiers. The air strikes occurred in the period between 30 September 2015 and 30 October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-russianair-224">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> The New York Times accused the Russian air force of specifically focusing on attacking civilian hospitals and other medical facilities, including hospitals on so-called "deconfliction list".<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> According to Airwars, a not-for-profit transparency project aimed both at tracking and archiving international military actions in conflict zones such as Iraq, Syria and Libya, Russian airstrikes have killed 4,326–6,416 civilians<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> According to the Russian Defense Ministry, since the start of Russia's aerial campaign in Syria and by 20 October 2018, the Russian Air Force killed more than 87,500 rebels and ISIL fighters.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_intervention"><a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_role_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's role in the Syrian civil war">Israeli intervention</a></h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Israeli intervention">edit</a>]</div> According to the SOHR, more than 500 people were killed during Israeli air attacks in Syria between January 2018 and September 2020, including: 228 Hezbollah and other pro-Iranian militiamen, 171 Iranian soldiers, 98 Syrian government fighters<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> and 13 civilians were killed by Israel Armed Forces.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a> According to the SOHR, 119 people were killed during Israeli air attacks in Syria between January and November 3, 2021, including: 38 Syrian soldiers and militiamen, 24 Iraqi militiamen, 17 Afghan militiamen, five Pakistani militiamen, 21 other pro-Iranian foreign militiamen and five civilians.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> According to the SOHR, 90 people were killed during Israeli air attacks in Syria between January and December 2022, including: 36 military officers and members of the military's air defences, 11 Iranian-backed Syrian militiamen, 29 Iranian-backed non-Syrian militiamen, 11 Syrian and non-Syrian militiamen working for the Lebanese Hezbollah and one civilian.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> According to the SOHR, between January and December 2023, Israeli airstrikes killed 40 Syrian soldiers, 35 Iranian-backed non-Syrian militiamen, six Iranian servicemen, seven Iranian-backed Syrian militiamen, 20 members of Hezbollah, two members of “Al-Jihad Al-Islami” and four civilians.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_workers_killed">Medical workers killed</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Medical workers killed">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 833.67445855041px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 791.58150883059px; border-left-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 344.20225766692px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Killings of medical workers since the start of the Syrian Civil War, according to a <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights" title="Physicians for Human Rights">PHR</a> summary<a href="#cite_note-Medical_stats-236">[234]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Attacks by government forces (95.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  ISIL or rebel groups (2.5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Kurdish forces (0.1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unknown forces (1.9%)</div> </div> </div></div> A February 2015 joint report by the Center for Public Health and Human Rights of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and the Syrian American Medical Society asserted that "Syria is the most dangerous place in the world to be a doctor".<a href="#cite_note-237">[235]</a> Roughly half (an estimated 15,000)<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes_March2015-238">[236]</a> of Syrian doctors fled the country.<a href="#cite_note-239">[237]</a> The government passed a law in 2012 making it illegal to render medical aid to anyone suspected to be an opposition member and <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> found that doctors and medical staff also took part in <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> of patients.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes_March2015-238">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicians_for_Human_Rights" title="Physicians for Human Rights">Physicians for Human Rights</a> has been tracking the medical personnel deaths in Syria, though they state that "these numbers are conservative given the difficulties in reporting during a war." As of the end of September 2015, the number of medical workers killed in the Syrian civil war totaled 679.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a> In March 2017, the number of killed medical personnel was updated to more than 800. 723 of these deaths were attributable to the Syrian government, while 72 were killed by ISIL or rebel groups, one by Kurdish forces, and 13 by unidentified forces.<a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a> Towards the end of May 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Network_for_Human_Rights" title="Syrian Network for Human Rights">SNHR</a> put the death toll at 855 medical personnel, of which 669 were killed by government forces, 68 by the Russian military, 40 by ISIL, and 36 by the rebels.<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> has reported that suppliers in Syria refuse to sell essential medical supplies such as gauze and surgical threads to doctors due to government intimidation, with this being a particular problem for besieged areas.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes_March2015-238">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Iraq_War" title="Casualties of the Iraq War">Casualties of the Iraq War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casualty_recording" title="Casualty recording">Casualty recording</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> "The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR) has documented by names the death of 507,567 people since the outbreak of the Syrian Revolution out of an overall death toll of 617,910 people whose death has been verified by SOHR in the past 12 years." Source:<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/328044/">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Presented Turkish losses during the operation in Idlib Governorate do not include unconfirmed claims of 50–100 dead in the February 2020 <a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">Balyun airstrikes</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/idlib-tuerkische-soldaten-sterben-durch-luftangriffe-in-syrien-a-f42bf8b4-e061-4a7c-a697-7fc97fe37c3a">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200325141921/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/idlib-tuerkische-soldaten-sterben-durch-luftangriffe-in-syrien-a-f42bf8b4-e061-4a7c-a697-7fc97fe37c3a">Archived</a> 2020-03-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/02/turkey-syria-russia-deciphering-attack-on-turkish-troops.html">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229183230/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2020/02/turkey-syria-russia-deciphering-attack-on-turkish-troops.html">Archived</a> 2020-02-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/dozens-of-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-strike-in-idlib-in-syria/ar-BB10uvmc?li=BBnb7Kz">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200229213920/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/dozens-of-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-strike-in-idlib-in-syria/ar-BB10uvmc?li=BBnb7Kz">Archived</a> 2020-02-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/mar/02/erdogan-turkey-syria-assad?">[5]</a> Instead, they include 34 soldiers killed in the airstrike confirmed by Turkey.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/1-year-ago-assad-attack-killed-34-turkish-troops-in-syrias-idlib/news">[6]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410150718/https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/1-year-ago-assad-attack-killed-34-turkish-troops-in-syrias-idlib/news">Archived</a> 2021-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GCR2P-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GCR2P_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCR2P_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GCR2P_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602141018/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/">"Syria"</a>. GCR2P. 30 November 2023. 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Retrieved 28 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mcclatchydc&rft.atitle=Assad+backers+reportedly+make+up+43+percent+of+dead+in+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mcclatchydc.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle24749608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson2016" class="citation news cs1">Hudson, John (22 April 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160505024840/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/04/22/u-n-envoy-revises-syria-death-toll-to-400000/">"U.N. Envoy Revises Syria Death Toll to 400,000"</a>. FP. 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Retrieved 2022-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=War+has+killed+1.5%25+of+Syria%27s+population%3A+UN+estimate&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft.aulast=Farge&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fsyria-civilian-death-toll-over-306000-since-2011-un-2022-06-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/06/un-human-rights-office-estimates-more-306000-civilians-were-killed-over-10">"UN Human Rights Office estimates more than 306,000 civilians were killed over 10 years in Syria conflict"</a>. 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Retrieved June 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=syriahr.com&rft.atitle=Total+death+toll+%26%23124%3B+Over+606%2C000+people+killed+across+Syria+since+the+beginning+of+the+%22Syrian+Revolution%22%2C+including+495%2C000+documented+by+SOHR&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F217360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231206142029/https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-syria">"Conflict in Syria"</a>. Council on Foreign Relations. 17 October 2023. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-syria">the original</a> on 6 December 2023. <q>According to estimates from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, more than 600,000 people have been killed since the start of the war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=Conflict+in+Syria&rft.date=2023-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fglobal-conflict-tracker%2Fconflict%2Fconflict-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151109132933/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/middle-east/article24749608.html">"Assad backers reportedly make up 43 percent of dead in Syria"</a>. mcclatchydc. 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Retrieved 1 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+distribution+chart+%7C+338976+non-civilians+killed+across+Syria+since+beginning+of+Syrian+Revolution+in+March+2011&rft.pub=SOHR&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F243219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-civilians-19"><a href="#cite_ref-civilians_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/243202/">"SOHR chart of civilian deaths | Over 160,681 civilians killed, including 120,158 men, 15,237 women and 25,286 children since the outbreak of Syrian Revolution"</a>. SOHR. 15 March 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220316221917/https://www.syriahr.com/en/243202/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SOHR+chart+of+civilian+deaths+%7C+Over+160%2C681+civilians+killed%2C+including+120%2C158+men%2C+15%2C237+women+and+25%2C286+children+since+the+outbreak+of+Syrian+Revolution&rft.pub=SOHR&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F243202%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11years-20"><a href="#cite_ref-11years_20-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/243215/">"Syrian Revolution 11 years on | SOHR documents 499, 657 out of 610,000 deaths as shown in annual death toll chart • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"</a>. March 15, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401022417/https://www.syriahr.com/en/243215/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syrian+Revolution+11+years+on+%26%23124%3B+SOHR+documents+499%2C+657+out+of+610%2C000+deaths+as+shown+in+annual+death+toll+chart+%E2%80%A2+The+Syrian+Observatory+For+Human+Rights&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F243215%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHR2022-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2022_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2022_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/282819/">"Lowest annual death toll ever | 3,825 people killed across Syria in 2022"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221231144143/https://www.syriahr.com/en/282819/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-31. Retrieved 2022-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lowest+annual+death+toll+ever+%7C+3%2C825+people+killed+across+Syria+in+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F282819%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHR2023-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2023_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2023_22-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2023_22-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/321615/">"Highest annual death toll in three years | 4,361 people killed across Syria in 2023"</a>. Retrieved 2023-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+annual+death+toll+in+three+years+%7C+4%2C361+people+killed+across+Syria+in+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F321615%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/324317/">"Monthly death toll | 143 civilians among 359 people killed in January 2024"</a>. Retrieved 2024-02-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+death+toll+%7C+143+civilians+among+359+people+killed+in+January+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F324317%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/326794/">"Monthly death toll | 142 civilians among 405 people killed in February 2024"</a>. Retrieved 2024-03-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+death+toll+%7C+142+civilians+among+405+people+killed+in+February+2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F326794%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/217360/">"Total death toll | Over 606,000 people killed across Syria since the beginning of the "Syrian Revolution", including 495,000 documented by SOHR"</a>. SOHR. 1 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210601080139/https://www.syriahr.com/en/217360/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Total+death+toll+%7C+Over+606%2C000+people+killed+across+Syria+since+the+beginning+of+the+%22Syrian+Revolution%22%2C+including+495%2C000+documented+by+SOHR&rft.pub=SOHR&rft.date=2021-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F217360%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHR2019-26"><a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2019_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=152189">"Nearly 585,000 people have been killed since the beginning of the Syrian Revolution"</a>. SOHR. 4 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200610053310/https://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=152189">Archived</a> from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 26 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nearly+585%2C000+people+have+been+killed+since+the+beginning+of+the+Syrian+Revolution&rft.pub=SOHR&rft.date=2020-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D152189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHR2020-27"><a href="#cite_ref-SOHR2020_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/198310/">"Lowest yearly death toll ever | 6,817 people killed across Syria in 2020, of whom 22.4% are civilians • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"</a>. 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Retrieved 2023-03-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+12th+Anniversary+of+the+Popular+Uprising%3A+A+Total+of+230%2C224+Civilians+Documented+as+Dead%2C+including+15%2C275+Who+Died+due+to+Torture%2C+154%2C871+Arrested+and%2For+Forcibly+Disappeared%2C+and+Roughly+14+Million+Syrians+Displaced&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsnhr.org%2Fblog%2F2023%2F06%2F14%2Fcivilian-death-toll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vdc-sy.net/monthly-statistical-report-causalities-syria-november-2020/">"Monthly Statistical Report on Casualties in Syria – November 2020"</a>. November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221202041128/https://vdc-sy.net/monthly-statistical-report-causalities-syria-november-2020/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+Statistical+Report+on+Casualties+in+Syria+%E2%80%93+November+2020&rft.date=2020-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvdc-sy.net%2Fmonthly-statistical-report-causalities-syria-november-2020%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/697138/civilian-deaths-in-syria-by-party-responsible/">Cumulative number of civilian deaths in Syria from 2011 to 2023, by party responsible</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.statista.com/topics/4216/the-syrian-civil-war/">"Topic: The Syrian Civil War"</a>. Statista. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308203950/https://www.statista.com/topics/4216/the-syrian-civil-war/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statista&rft.atitle=Topic%3A+The+Syrian+Civil+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.statista.com%2Ftopics%2F4216%2Fthe-syrian-civil-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nirrosen-39"><a href="#cite_ref-nirrosen_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosen2012" class="citation news cs1">Rosen, Nir (21 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/02/201221315020166516.html">"Q&A: Nir Rosen on Syria's armed opposition"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222030014/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/02/201221315020166516.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Nir+Rosen+on+Syria%27s+armed+opposition&rft.date=2012-02-21&rft.aulast=Rosen&rft.aufirst=Nir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2012%2F02%2F201221315020166516.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narwani_28Feb2012-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Narwani_28Feb2012_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarwani2012" class="citation news cs1">Narwani, Sharmine (28 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151124102050/http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/questioning-syrian-%E2%80%9Ccasualty-list%E2%80%9D">"Questioning the Syrian "Casualty List""</a>. Al-Akhbar. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.al-akhbar.com/content/questioning-syrian-%E2%80%9Ccasualty-list%E2%80%9D">the original</a> on 24 November 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Akhbar&rft.atitle=Questioning+the+Syrian+%22Casualty+List%22&rft.date=2012-02-28&rft.aulast=Narwani&rft.aufirst=Sharmine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fcontent%2Fquestioning-syrian-%25E2%2580%259Ccasualty-list%25E2%2580%259D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331184420/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/25/203106.html">"Eman El-Shenawi: Raising a brow at the Syrian death toll"</a>. Al Arabiya. 25 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/25/203106.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 10 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=Eman+El-Shenawi%3A+Raising+a+brow+at+the+Syrian+death+toll&rft.date=2012-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2012%2F03%2F25%2F203106.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-morethan13000-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-morethan13000_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-morethan13000_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/more-than-13-000-killed-in-syria-since-march-2011-ngo-1.1028367">"More than 13,000 killed in Syria since March 2011: NGO"</a>. Agence France-Presse. 27 May 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160722135003/http://gulfnews.com/news/mena/syria/more-than-13-000-killed-in-syria-since-march-2011-ngo-1.1028367">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2016. Retrieved 27 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+than+13%2C000+killed+in+Syria+since+March+2011%3A+NGO&rft.date=2012-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmena%2Fsyria%2Fmore-than-13-000-killed-in-syria-since-march-2011-ngo-1.1028367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-violence-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-violence_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-violence_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgence_France_Presse" class="citation web cs1">Agence France Presse. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/world/06/10/12/syria-violence-kills-12-revolt-toll-tops-14100">"Syria violence kills 12 as revolt toll tops 14,100"</a>. Abs-cbnnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702001616/http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/global-filipino/world/06/10/12/syria-violence-kills-12-revolt-toll-tops-14100">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+violence+kills+12+as+revolt+toll+tops+14%2C100&rft.pub=Abs-cbnnews.com&rft.au=Agence+France+Presse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs-cbnnews.com%2Fglobal-filipino%2Fworld%2F06%2F10%2F12%2Fsyria-violence-kills-12-revolt-toll-tops-14100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-over14400-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-over14400_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-over14400_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thesundaily.my/news/408099">"Over 14,400 killed in 15-month Syria revolt"</a>. Thesundaily.my. Retrieved 8 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+14%2C400+killed+in+15-month+Syria+revolt&rft.pub=Thesundaily.my&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thesundaily.my%2Fnews%2F408099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHRundocumented-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SOHRundocumented_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHRundocumented_45-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHRundocumented_45-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SOHRundocumented_45-3">d</a> Mid-December 2014, the SOHR estimated 35,000 Syrian Army and 14,000 pro-gov. militia fatalities remained undocumented.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/8103/">[7]</a> Subsequently, by June 2021, the SOHR managed to document 22,597 Syrian Army and 14,360 pro-gov. militia fatalities that were previously undocumented,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/217360/">[8]</a> leaving 12,403 Syrian Army fatalities still undocumented. Taking into account SOHR estimated 54,000 combatant deaths remained undocumented as of mid-March 2023,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/291981/">[9]</a> 41,597 of these could be assumed to be anti-gov. fighters. </li> <li id="cite_note-balance-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-balance_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-balance_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180917215556/http://www.soufangroup.com/intelbrief-on-balance-hezbollah-has-benefited-from-the-syrian-conflict/">"On Balance, Hezbollah Has Benefited from the Syrian Conflict"</a>. The Soufan Group. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soufangroup.com/intelbrief-on-balance-hezbollah-has-benefited-from-the-syrian-conflict/">the original</a> on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Soufan+Group&rft.atitle=On+Balance%2C+Hezbollah+Has+Benefited+from+the+Syrian+Conflict&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soufangroup.com%2Fintelbrief-on-balance-hezbollah-has-benefited-from-the-syrian-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/more-2000-afghans-killed-syria-fighting-bashar-al-assad-official">"More than 2,000 Afghans killed in Syria fighting for Bashar al-Assad: Official"</a>. Middle East Eye. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220063140/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/more-2000-afghans-killed-syria-fighting-bashar-al-assad-official">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=More+than+2%2C000+Afghans+killed+in+Syria+fighting+for+Bashar+al-Assad%3A+Official&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fmore-2000-afghans-killed-syria-fighting-bashar-al-assad-official&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.radiofarda.com/a/khamenei-praises-afghan-refugees-recruited-by-irgc-and-killed-in-syria-war/29850317.html">Khamenei Praises Afghans Recruited By IRGC And Killed In Syria War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330131123/https://en.radiofarda.com/a/khamenei-praises-afghan-refugees-recruited-by-irgc-and-killed-in-syria-war/29850317.html">Archived</a> 2019-03-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> 2 killed (2012),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">[10]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713052402/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-07-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1,200 (2013–Feb. 2016),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/2/2/bodies-of-iraqis-killed-in-syria-received-in-baghdad">[11]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108093927/https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2016/2/2/bodies-of-iraqis-killed-in-syria-received-in-baghdad">Archived</a> 2017-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 12 killed (15 June 2016)<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/southfront-70-islamist-rebels-killed-aftermath-southern-aleppo-clashes/">[12]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616171616/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/southfront-70-islamist-rebels-killed-aftermath-southern-aleppo-clashes/">Archived</a> 2016-06-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 13 killed (Aug. 2016),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/768304563728232453">[13]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308015040/https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/768304563728232453">Archived</a> 2021-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 32 (19–20 Dec. 2016),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://eldorar.com/en/post/funerals-iraqi-nujaba-militants-killed-aleppo">[14]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230401030754/https://eldorar.com/en/post/funerals-iraqi-nujaba-militants-killed-aleppo">Archived</a> 2023-04-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 19 killed (March–Aug. 2017),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/846745835580862464">[15]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170418061354/https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/846745835580862464">Archived</a> 2017-04-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/899418653183135745">[16]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308061617/https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/899418653183135745">Archived</a> 2021-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 30 killed (16–21 Nov. 2017),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=79093">[17]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201140011/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=79093">Archived</a> 2017-12-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 1,308 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agsiw.org/limited-iranian-losses-in-iraq-do-not-indicate-lesser-strategic-interest/">"Limited Iranian Losses in Iraq Do Not Indicate Lesser Strategic Interest"</a>. November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102215421/https://agsiw.org/limited-iranian-losses-in-iraq-do-not-indicate-lesser-strategic-interest/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limited+Iranian+Losses+in+Iraq+Do+Not+Indicate+Lesser+Strategic+Interest&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagsiw.org%2Flimited-iranian-losses-in-iraq-do-not-indicate-lesser-strategic-interest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> 500 killed (2014-Sep. 2016; per Israel),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Issues/Pages/Irans-pivotal-role-in-Aleppo-massacres-December-2016.aspx">[18]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402200346/https://www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_foreign_affairs/govil-landing-page">Archived</a> 2023-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 120 killed (Oct. 2016-March 2019; per Ali Alfoneh),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/781778415087214592">[19]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308072844/https://twitter.com/Alfoneh/status/781778415087214592">Archived</a> 2021-03-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://agsiw.org/limited-iranian-losses-in-iraq-do-not-indicate-lesser-strategic-interest/">[20]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181102215421/https://agsiw.org/limited-iranian-losses-in-iraq-do-not-indicate-lesser-strategic-interest/">Archived</a> 2018-11-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 620 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agsiw.org/fractured-iraqi-shia-militias-in-syria/">"Fractured Iraqi Shia Militias in Syria"</a>. 22 August 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830142304/http://www.agsiw.org/fractured-iraqi-shia-militias-in-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fractured+Iraqi+Shia+Militias+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agsiw.org%2Ffractured-iraqi-shia-militias-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">"THE SHIITE JIHAD IN SYRIA AND ITS REGIONAL EFFECTS"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713052402/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2015-07-13. Retrieved 2015-06-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+SHIITE+JIHAD+IN+SYRIA+AND+ITS+REGIONAL+EFFECTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fuploads%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2FPolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalibnan.com/2013/04/08/more-hezbollah-fighters-killed-in-syria-to-be-buried-in-lebanon/">"More Hezbollah fighters killed in Syria buried in Lebanon"</a>. LB: Yalibnan.com. 2013-04-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102141100/http://www.yalibnan.com/2013/04/08/more-hezbollah-fighters-killed-in-syria-to-be-buried-in-lebanon/">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-02. Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+Hezbollah+fighters+killed+in+Syria+buried+in+Lebanon&rft.place=LB&rft.pub=Yalibnan.com&rft.date=2013-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalibnan.com%2F2013%2F04%2F08%2Fmore-hezbollah-fighters-killed-in-syria-to-be-buried-in-lebanon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">"THE SHIITE JIHAD IN SYRIA AND ITS REGIONAL EFFECTS"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330143415/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+SHIITE+JIHAD+IN+SYRIA+AND+ITS+REGIONAL+EFFECTS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fuploads%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2FPolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/11/14/Tens-of-Iranians-Pakistanis-and-Afghans-killed-in-Syria-battles.html">"Tens of Iranians, Pakistanis and Afghans killed in Syria battles"</a>. 14 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161122155715/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/11/14/Tens-of-Iranians-Pakistanis-and-Afghans-killed-in-Syria-battles.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-11-22. Retrieved 2016-11-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tens+of+Iranians%2C+Pakistanis+and+Afghans+killed+in+Syria+battles&rft.date=2016-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2016%2F11%2F14%2FTens-of-Iranians-Pakistanis-and-Afghans-killed-in-Syria-battles.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shahidnews.com/view/170974/بازسازی-واقعه-غدیرخم-در-144-نقطه-از-ایران-و-سوریه-">"بازسازی واقعه غدیرخم در 144 نقطه از ایران و سوریه"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181008095925/http://www.shahidnews.com/view/170974/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-144-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-10-08. Retrieved 2019-12-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87+%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85+%D8%AF%D8%B1+144+%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shahidnews.com%2Fview%2F170974%2F%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%BA%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%85-%D8%AF%D8%B1-144-%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFالشامية2017" class="citation news cs1">الشامية, محرر الدرر (30 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eldorar.com/node/114111">"عميد إيراني يكشف عن إحصائية بأعداد قتلى بلاده في سوريا"</a>. الدرر الشامية. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190207125305/https://eldorar.com/node/114111">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%A5%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%A8%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7&rft.date=2017-08-30&rft.aulast=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feldorar.com%2Fnode%2F114111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/8745/flash-news/talal-naji-over-400-members-of-pflp-gc-killed-in-war-torn-syria">"Talal Naji: Over 400 Members of PFLP-GC Killed in War-Torn Syria"</a>. Action Group for Palestinians of Syria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710205615/http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/8745/flash-news/talal-naji-over-400-members-of-pflp-gc-killed-in-war-torn-syria">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Talal+Naji%3A+Over+400+Members+of+PFLP-GC+Killed+in+War-Torn+Syria&rft.pub=Action+Group+for+Palestinians+of+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F8745%2Fflash-news%2Ftalal-naji-over-400-members-of-pflp-gc-killed-in-war-torn-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/11936/news-and-reports/420-members-of-pflp-gc-pronounced-dead-in-syria-conflict">"420 Members of PFLP-GC Pronounced Dead in Syria Conflict"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402210411/https://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/11936/news-and-reports/420-members-of-pflp-gc-pronounced-dead-in-syria-conflict">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-02. Retrieved 2023-04-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=420+Members+of+PFLP-GC+Pronounced+Dead+in+Syria+Conflict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F11936%2Fnews-and-reports%2F420-members-of-pflp-gc-pronounced-dead-in-syria-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://actionpal.co.uk/en/post/8330/flash-news/728-palestinian-refugees-killed-in-pro-gov-t-shootouts-in-syria">"728 Palestinian Refugees Killed in Pro-Gov't Shootouts in Syria"</a>. Action Group for Palestinians of Syria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710202857/http://actionpal.co.uk/en/post/8330/flash-news/728-palestinian-refugees-killed-in-pro-gov-t-shootouts-in-syria">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=728+Palestinian+Refugees+Killed+in+Pro-Gov%27t+Shootouts+in+Syria&rft.pub=Action+Group+for+Palestinians+of+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Factionpal.co.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F8330%2Fflash-news%2F728-palestinian-refugees-killed-in-pro-gov-t-shootouts-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/8849/flash-news/agps-17-pla-gunmen-missing-in-syria-since-2011">"AGPS: 17 PLA Gunmen Missing in Syria since 2011"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190710203023/http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/8849/flash-news/agps-17-pla-gunmen-missing-in-syria-since-2011">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-10. Retrieved 2019-07-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AGPS%3A+17+PLA+Gunmen+Missing+in+Syria+since+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F8849%2Fflash-news%2Fagps-17-pla-gunmen-missing-in-syria-since-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/article/20521">"Hezbollah Involvement in the Syrian Civil War"</a>. Terrorism-info.org.il. 4 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627180155/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/article/20521">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-06-27. Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+Involvement+in+the+Syrian+Civil+War&rft.pub=Terrorism-info.org.il&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fen%2Farticle%2F20521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=58957">"Syria drags Lebanon into another Lebanese-Lebanese war"</a>. Middle-east-online.com. 2013-05-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131106013201/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=58957">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-11-06. Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+drags+Lebanon+into+another+Lebanese-Lebanese+war&rft.pub=Middle-east-online.com&rft.date=2013-05-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middle-east-online.com%2Fenglish%2F%3Fid%3D58957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNemtsova2018" class="citation news cs1">Nemtsova, Anna (2 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/a-russian-blackwater-putins-secret-soldiers-in-ukraine-and-syria">"A Russian Blackwater? Putin's Secret Soldiers in Ukraine and Syria"</a>. The Daily Beast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180103052420/https://www.thedailybeast.com/a-russian-blackwater-putins-secret-soldiers-in-ukraine-and-syria">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=A+Russian+Blackwater%3F+Putin%27s+Secret+Soldiers+in+Ukraine+and+Syria&rft.date=2018-01-02&rft.aulast=Nemtsova&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fa-russian-blackwater-putins-secret-soldiers-in-ukraine-and-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inopressa.ru/article/14Dec2017/spiegel/vagner01.html">"Россия скрывает убитых"</a>. Inopressa.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180122073023/https://www.inopressa.ru/article/14dec2017/spiegel/vagner01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inopressa.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inopressa.ru%2Farticle%2F14Dec2017%2Fspiegel%2Fvagner01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-safepassage-66"><a href="#cite_ref-safepassage_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/11/06/syria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html">"David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)"</a>. Huffington Post. 6 November 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110064454/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/11/06/syria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 17 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+Offers+%27Safe+Passage%27+For+Syria%27s+Bashar+Al-Assad%2C+But+Not+To+Britain+%28PICTURES%29&rft.date=2012-11-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.co.uk%2F2012%2F11%2F06%2Fsyria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Gharbi2013" class="citation journal cs1">Al-Gharbi, M. (2013). "Syria Contextualized: The Numbers Game". Middle East Policy. 20: 56–67. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fmepo.12003">10.1111/mepo.12003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Policy&rft.atitle=Syria+Contextualized%3A+The+Numbers+Game&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=56-67&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fmepo.12003&rft.aulast=Al-Gharbi&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-over40000-68"><a href="#cite_ref-over40000_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=293186">"Over 40,000 killed since start of Syria conflict"</a>. Jpost.com. Reuters. 2012-11-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513214927/http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=293186">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-13. Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+40%2C000+killed+since+start+of+Syria+conflict&rft.pub=Jpost.com&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddleEast%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D293186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SOHRface-69"><a href="#cite_ref-SOHRface_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/368424863265858">"More than 80 thousand people killed since the beginning of the Syrian uprising"</a>. SOHR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203164132/https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/368424863265858">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 12 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+than+80+thousand+people+killed+since+the+beginning+of+the+Syrian+uprising&rft.pub=SOHR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fsyriahroe%2Fposts%2F368424863265858&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> 1 bomber in 2011,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24758767.html">[21]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200207125332/https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/world/article24758767.html">Archived</a> 2020-02-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 103 bombers in 2012-13,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jpost.com/Syria/Suicide-terrorism-thriving-in-Syria-is-threat-to-West-Israel-new-report-warns-341087">[22]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206220505/https://www.jpost.com/Syria/Suicide-terrorism-thriving-in-Syria-is-threat-to-West-Israel-new-report-warns-341087">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 41 bombings in 2014,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/450-of-452-suicide-attacks-in-2015-were-by-muslim-extremists-study-shows/">[23]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045102/https://www.timesofisrael.com/450-of-452-suicide-attacks-in-2015-were-by-muslim-extremists-study-shows/">Archived</a> 2020-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 61 bombers in 2015 (download and see full list),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-attacks-in-2015/">[24]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206222010/https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-attacks-in-2015/">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 55 bombings in 2016,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://canadafreepress.com/article/suicide-attacks-in-2016-the-highest-number-of-fatalities">[25]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206220509/https://canadafreepress.com/article/suicide-attacks-in-2016-the-highest-number-of-fatalities">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 70 bombers in 2017 (download and see full list),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.inss.org.il/publication/report-suicide-attacks-2017-fewer-attacks-women/">[26]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206222008/https://www.inss.org.il/publication/report-suicide-attacks-2017-fewer-attacks-women/">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 63 bombers in 2018 (download and see full list),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-attacks-2018-fewer-attacks-victims-fewer-countries/">[27]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206220510/https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-attacks-2018-fewer-attacks-victims-fewer-countries/">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 49 bombers in 2019 (download and see full list),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-bombings-worldwide-in-2019-signs-of-decline-following-the-military-defeat-of-the-islamic-state/">[28]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200117164211/https://www.inss.org.il/publication/suicide-bombings-worldwide-in-2019-signs-of-decline-following-the-military-defeat-of-the-islamic-state/">Archived</a> 2020-01-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 12 bombers in Jan.-Feb. 2020,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/02/hts-utilizes-suicide-bombings-against-advancing-regime-forces.php">[29]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200206220505/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/02/hts-utilizes-suicide-bombings-against-advancing-regime-forces.php">Archived</a> 2020-02-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of at least 455 suicide bombers killed </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/22/syria-armed-groups-send-children-battle">"Syria: Armed Groups Send Children into Battle"</a>. HRW. 2014-06-22. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415070738/http://www.hrw.org/news/2014/06/22/syria-armed-groups-send-children-battle">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-15. Retrieved 2015-04-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Syria%3A+Armed+Groups+Send+Children+into+Battle&rft.date=2014-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2014%2F06%2F22%2Fsyria-armed-groups-send-children-battle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl-Araal-Jadeed_staff2015" class="citation web cs1">Al-Araal-Jadeed staff (15 July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/7/15/syrias-kurdish-militia-still-using-child-soldiers">"Dozens of IS group child soldiers killed in Syria"</a>. alaraby. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203164133/http://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/7/15/syrias-kurdish-militia-still-using-child-soldiers">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=alaraby&rft.atitle=Dozens+of+IS+group+child+soldiers+killed+in+Syria&rft.date=2015-07-15&rft.au=Al-Araal-Jadeed+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alaraby.co.uk%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2F2015%2F7%2F15%2Fsyrias-kurdish-militia-still-using-child-soldiers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-actionpal-73"><a href="#cite_ref-actionpal_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAction_Group_for_Palestinians_of_Syria" class="citation web cs1">Action Group for Palestinians of Syria. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/9652/news-and-reports/over-4-022-palestinian-refugees-from-syria-pronounced-dead-due-to-war-related-incidents">"Over 4,022 Palestinian Refugees from Syria Pronounced Dead due to War-Related Incidents"</a>. actionpal.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201130232/http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/9652/news-and-reports/over-4-022-palestinian-refugees-from-syria-pronounced-dead-due-to-war-related-incidents">Archived</a> from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=actionpal.org.uk&rft.atitle=Over+4%2C022+Palestinian+Refugees+from+Syria+Pronounced+Dead+due+to+War-Related+Incidents&rft.au=Action+Group+for+Palestinians+of+Syria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F9652%2Fnews-and-reports%2Fover-4-022-palestinian-refugees-from-syria-pronounced-dead-due-to-war-related-incidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArab" class="citation web cs1">Arab, The New. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/5886/news-and-reports/623-palestinians-have-died-while-fighting-alongside-syrian-regime-forces-or-opposition-groups">"623 Palestinians have Died While Fighting Alongside Syrian Regime Forces or Opposition Groups"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180110234105/http://www.actionpal.org.uk/en/post/5886/news-and-reports/623-palestinians-have-died-while-fighting-alongside-syrian-regime-forces-or-opposition-groups">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=623+Palestinians+have+Died+While+Fighting+Alongside+Syrian+Regime+Forces+or+Opposition+Groups&rft.aulast=Arab&rft.aufirst=The+New&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionpal.org.uk%2Fen%2Fpost%2F5886%2Fnews-and-reports%2F623-palestinians-have-died-while-fighting-alongside-syrian-regime-forces-or-opposition-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/74-turkish-citizens-killed-in-syria-linked-incidents-fm-davutoglu.aspx?pageID=238&nID=66111&NewsCatID=359">"74 Turkish citizens killed in Syria-linked incidents: FM Davutoğlu"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025121358/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/74-turkish-citizens-killed-in-syria-linked-incidents-fm-davutoglu.aspx?pageID=238&nID=66111&NewsCatID=359">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=74+Turkish+citizens+killed+in+Syria-linked+incidents%3A+FM+Davuto%C4%9Flu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2F74-turkish-citizens-killed-in-syria-linked-incidents-fm-davutoglu.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D66111%26NewsCatID%3D359&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171009212633/http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN0YL0FD">"Turkish shelling kills 28 Islamic State fighters north of Aleppo"</a>. Reuters. 30 May 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.reuters.com/article/topNews/idCAKCN0YL0FD">the original</a> on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkish+shelling+kills+28+Islamic+State+fighters+north+of+Aleppo&rft.date=2016-05-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fca.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FtopNews%2FidCAKCN0YL0FD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shuhadanationality-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-shuhadanationality_77-20">u</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://syrianshuhada.com/?lang=en&a=st&st=12">"The number of martyrs by Nationality"</a>. 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Edition.cnn.com. 2012-07-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513194502/http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/17/world/meast/syria-unrest/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2013-05-13. 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Retrieved 7 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+50+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81.+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Frbcfreenews%2F5a01a0329a79474ee42a1a3c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20171216-islamic-state-what-happened-all-foreign-fighters">"Islamic State: What happened to all the foreign fighters?"</a>. AFP. 16 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050423/http://www.france24.com/en/20171216-islamic-state-what-happened-all-foreign-fighters">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+State%3A+What+happened+to+all+the+foreign+fighters%3F&rft.date=2017-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20171216-islamic-state-what-happened-all-foreign-fighters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.apnews.com/d642d0a72a6e4cb4a5e67420fc895508">"Prominent French jihadis killed in IS-held area in Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190305213742/https://apnews.com/d642d0a72a6e4cb4a5e67420fc895508">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2019-03-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Prominent+French+jihadis+killed+in+IS-held+area+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apnews.com%2Fd642d0a72a6e4cb4a5e67420fc895508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.alalam.ir/news/1739939">"More Than 1,200 Turks Fighting in Iraq & Syria, 400 Killed So-Far"</a>. Al-Alam. 18 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150920061935/http://en.alalam.ir/news/1739939">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Alam&rft.atitle=More+Than+1%2C200+Turks+Fighting+in+Iraq+%26+Syria%2C+400+Killed+So-Far&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.alalam.ir%2Fnews%2F1739939&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> 900 went to Syria and Iraq, of which 300 were killed in Iraq and 280 were arrested or stripped of citizenship,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/azerbaijan-probes-300-killed-iraq-holds-21-foreign-children/">[30]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925181228/https://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/azerbaijan-probes-300-killed-iraq-holds-21-foreign-children/">Archived</a> 2017-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> with most of the remainder (320) killed in Syria <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/900-azerbaijanis-joined-terrorist-groups-syria-iraq-now-dead/">[31]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170925102840/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/900-azerbaijanis-joined-terrorist-groups-syria-iraq-now-dead/">Archived</a> 2017-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.farsnews.ir/newstext.aspx?nn=13940903000607">"Farsnews"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203164134/http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13940903000607">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Farsnews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.farsnews.ir%2Fnewstext.aspx%3Fnn%3D13940903000607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germany-loses-track-of-160-islamic-state-supporters/a-49317535">"Germany loses track of 160 'Islamic State' supporters"</a>. Deutsche Welle. 2019-06-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190623135835/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-loses-track-of-160-islamic-state-supporters/a-49317535">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-06-23. Retrieved 2019-06-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany+loses+track+of+160+%27Islamic+State%27+supporters&rft.date=2019-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermany-loses-track-of-160-islamic-state-supporters%2Fa-49317535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake2017" class="citation news cs1">Blake, Matt (2 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jan/02/briton-ryan-lock-killed-while-fighting-against-isis-in-syria">"Briton killed while fighting against Isis in Syria"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165028/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jan/02/briton-ryan-lock-killed-while-fighting-against-isis-in-syria">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Briton+killed+while+fighting+against+Isis+in+Syria&rft.date=2017-01-02&rft.aulast=Blake&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2017%2Fjan%2F02%2Fbriton-ryan-lock-killed-while-fighting-against-isis-in-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/20/british-nationals-to-be-banned-from-parts-of-syria-under-new-law">"British nationals to be banned from parts of Syria under new law"</a>. The Guardian. 20 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190520005437/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/may/20/british-nationals-to-be-banned-from-parts-of-syria-under-new-law">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 20 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=British+nationals+to+be+banned+from+parts+of+Syria+under+new+law&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2Fmay%2F20%2Fbritish-nationals-to-be-banned-from-parts-of-syria-under-new-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> 100 Kosovar,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kosovo-court-detains-five-suspected-militants-after-police-find-weapons-cache-2021-10-12/">[32]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012202006/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kosovo-court-detains-five-suspected-militants-after-police-find-weapons-cache-2021-10-12/">Archived</a> 2021-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 37 Albanian,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513161114/http://macedoniaonline.eu/content/view/25281/45/">[33]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanian-jihadist-reportedly-killed-in-syria">[34]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006133510/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanian-jihadist-reportedly-killed-in-syria">Archived</a> 2014-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanian-fighter-of-isis-loses-his-life-04-04-2016">[35]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160610110255/http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/albanian-fighter-of-isis-loses-his-life-04-04-2016">Archived</a> 2016-06-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 20 Macedonian,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.b92.net/eng/news/region.php?yyyy=2018&mm=05&dd=14&nav_id=104153">[36]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514214936/https://www.b92.net/eng/news/region.php?yyyy=2018&mm=05&dd=14&nav_id=104153">Archived</a> 2018-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 10 Serbian,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/130-macedonian-serbian-nationals-fight-alongside-isis-iraq-syria/">[37]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006104440/http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/130-macedonian-serbian-nationals-fight-alongside-isis-iraq-syria/">Archived</a> 2016-10-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 Montenegrin,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/Region/2201983/Mladi%C4%87+iz+Plava+poginuo+u+borbama+u+Siriji.html">[38]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514021347/http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/11/Region/2201983/Mladi%C4%87+iz+Plava+poginuo+u+borbama+u+Siriji.html">Archived</a> 2016-05-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 168 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pietervanostaeyen.com/2017/10/29/list-of-belgian-foreign-fighters-reportedly-killed-in-syria-or-iraq/">"List of Belgian foreign fighters reportedly killed in Syria or Iraq"</a>. Pieter Van Ostaeyen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225002326/https://pietervanostaeyen.com/2017/10/29/list-of-belgian-foreign-fighters-reportedly-killed-in-syria-or-iraq/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pieter+Van+Ostaeyen&rft.atitle=List+of+Belgian+foreign+fighters+reportedly+killed+in+Syria+or+Iraq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpietervanostaeyen.com%2F2017%2F10%2F29%2Flist-of-belgian-foreign-fighters-reportedly-killed-in-syria-or-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icct.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ICCT-Van-Ostaeyen-Van-Vlierden-Belgian-Foreign-Fighters-June2018.pdf">Citizenship and Ancestry of Belgian Foreign Fighters</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190419203645/https://icct.nl/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ICCT-Van-Ostaeyen-Van-Vlierden-Belgian-Foreign-Fighters-June2018.pdf">Archived</a> 2019-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/official-150-kyrgyz-citizens-killed-in-syria-fighting-alongside-is/29325374.html">"Official: 150 Kyrgyz Citizens Killed In Syria Fighting Alongside IS"</a>. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 2018-06-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628120219/https://www.rferl.org/a/official-150-kyrgyz-citizens-killed-in-syria-fighting-alongside-is/29325374.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-28. Retrieved 2018-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Official%3A+150+Kyrgyz+Citizens+Killed+In+Syria+Fighting+Alongside+IS&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fofficial-150-kyrgyz-citizens-killed-in-syria-fighting-alongside-is%2F29325374.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> 95 ISIL members killed (3 in Iraq),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/may/05/neil-prakash-most-senior-australian-fighting-with-isis-killed-in-iraq-airstrike">[39]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160818151859/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/may/05/neil-prakash-most-senior-australian-fighting-with-isis-killed-in-iraq-airstrike">Archived</a> 2016-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3 YPG members killed,<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australian-man-jamie-bright-reportedly-killed-fighting-with-kurds-against-islamic-state-20160530-gp6x19.html">[40]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190527171639/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/australian-man-jamie-bright-reportedly-killed-fighting-with-kurds-against-islamic-state-20160530-gp6x19.html">Archived</a> 2019-05-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 95 reported killed in Syria </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-bosnia/bosnia-will-take-back-and-try-two-captured-islamic-state-fighters-idUSKBN1QS28X">"Bosnia will take back and try two captured Islamic state fighters"</a>. 11 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190311175805/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-bosnia/bosnia-will-take-back-and-try-two-captured-islamic-state-fighters-idUSKBN1QS28X">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2019. Retrieved 11 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bosnia+will+take+back+and+try+two+captured+Islamic+state+fighters&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-bosnia%2Fbosnia-will-take-back-and-try-two-captured-islamic-state-fighters-idUSKBN1QS28X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/indonesia-militants-07092019161859.html">"Indonesia Sends Team to Syria, Iraq; Ponders Fate of Citizens Who Joined IS"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190709213007/https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/indonesian/indonesia-militants-07092019161859.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-07-09. Retrieved 2019-07-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesia+Sends+Team+to+Syria%2C+Iraq%3B+Ponders+Fate+of+Citizens+Who+Joined+IS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.benarnews.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Findonesian%2Findonesia-militants-07092019161859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cphpost.dk/news/most-danish-foreign-fighters-have-been-on-benefits.html">"Most Danish foreign fighters have been on benefits"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180416162754/http://cphpost.dk/news/most-danish-foreign-fighters-have-been-on-benefits.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+Danish+foreign+fighters+have+been+on+benefits&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcphpost.dk%2Fnews%2Fmost-danish-foreign-fighters-have-been-on-benefits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/almost-all-american-isis-fighters-are-unaccounted-for/">"Almost all American ISIS fighters are unaccounted for"</a>. 27 October 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171118044208/https://nypost.com/2017/10/27/almost-all-american-isis-fighters-are-unaccounted-for/">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-11-18. 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Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+names+142+slain+foreign+fighters+from+18+countries&rft.pub=English.ahram.org.eg&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F2%2F8%2F59294%2FWorld%2FRegion%2FSyria-names--slain-foreign-fighters-from--countrie.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-third-143"><a href="#cite_ref-third_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFkhaled" class="citation web cs1">khaled. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160409022500/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=158110">"ثالث مقاتل ألماني في صفوف الوحدات الكردية يفارق الحياة خلال معارك بريف الحسكة"</a>. المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. 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CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170808073355/http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/03/middleeast/uk-syria-death-kurdish/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+national+dies+fighting+ISIS+in+Syria&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2016-08-03&rft.aulast=Dewan&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2016%2F08%2F03%2Fmiddleeast%2Fuk-syria-death-kurdish%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/74130-iraqi-soldier-killed-by-fire-from-syria">"Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria"</a>. 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Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iraqi+Soldier+Killed+by+Fire+from+Syria&rft.pub=Naharnet.com&rft.date=2013-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F74130-iraqi-soldier-killed-by-fire-from-syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYacoub2013" class="citation news cs1">Yacoub, Khaled (2013-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-idUSBRE9230S620130304">"At least 40 Syrian soldiers killed going home in Iraq"</a>. 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Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+rebels+fire+on+Iraq+border+posts%2C+one+killed&rft.pub=Channelnewsasia.com&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fsyria-rebels-fire-on-iraq%2F703066.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover 2013-07-13 </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBARBARA_SURK_Associated_Press" class="citation web cs1">BARBARA SURK Associated Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_21826861/jordanian-soldier-killed-clash-at-syrian-border">"Syrian violence spills into Jordan, Lebanon"</a>. 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BBC News. 4 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170409045100/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-31129416">Archived</a> from the original on 9 April 2017. 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The New York Times. 2 February 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150414173221/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/02/world/middleeast/syria-crisis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soldiers+in+Lebanon+Die+in+Raid+Near+Syria&rft.date=2013-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F02%2F02%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-crisis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Local-News/2013/Feb-01/204650-army-patrol-ambushed-in-east-lebanon-several-casua.ashx#axzz2JfNXn2Mh">"Four soldiers killed in east Lebanon ambush"</a>. 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Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+soldiers+killed+in+east+Lebanon+ambush&rft.pub=Dailystar.com.lb&rft.date=2013-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLocal-News%2F2013%2FFeb-01%2F204650-army-patrol-ambushed-in-east-lebanon-several-casua.ashx%23axzz2JfNXn2Mh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/world/middleeast/syria.html">"Rocket and Gun Attacks Add to Fears That Syria's Strife Is Reaching Lebanon"</a>. The New York Times. 29 May 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001033928/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/29/world/middleeast/syria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Rocket+and+Gun+Attacks+Add+to+Fears+That+Syria%27s+Strife+Is+Reaching+Lebanon&rft.date=2013-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F29%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/03/30/suicide-bombing-lebanon-kills-three">"Suicide bombing in Lebanon kills three"</a>. News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025114626/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/03/30/suicide-bombing-lebanon-kills-three">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News&rft.atitle=Suicide+bombing+in+Lebanon+kills+three&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F2014%2F03%2F30%2Fsuicide-bombing-lebanon-kills-three&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trust.org/item/20140919193813-jois9">"Syria militants kill captive Lebanese soldier, bomb kills two"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112003918/http://www.trust.org/item/20140919193813-jois9/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+militants+kill+captive+Lebanese+soldier%2C+bomb+kills+two&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trust.org%2Fitem%2F20140919193813-jois9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/lebanese-troops-killed-near-syrian-border-2014122193646646562.html">"Lebanese troops killed near Syrian border"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209081541/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/lebanese-troops-killed-near-syrian-border-2014122193646646562.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-12-09. Retrieved 2014-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Lebanese+troops+killed+near+Syrian+border&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F12%2Flebanese-troops-killed-near-syrian-border-2014122193646646562.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jan-24/285195-lebanon-army-finds-3-more-bodies-of-soldiers-as-guns-fall-silent.ashx">"8 soldiers dead, 22 wounded as Lebanon border battle ends"</a>. The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150128064234/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2015/Jan-24/285195-lebanon-army-finds-3-more-bodies-of-soldiers-as-guns-fall-silent.ashx">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-01-28. Retrieved 2015-01-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star+Newspaper+-+Lebanon&rft.atitle=8+soldiers+dead%2C+22+wounded+as+Lebanon+border+battle+ends&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2015%2FJan-24%2F285195-lebanon-army-finds-3-more-bodies-of-soldiers-as-guns-fall-silent.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-lebanon-syria/three-lebanese-soldiers-killed-in-landmine-along-border-with-syria-security-source-idUSKCN1B00G9">"Three Lebanese soldiers killed in landmine on Syria border: security source"</a>. Reuters. 20 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170903080953/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-lebanon-syria/three-lebanese-soldiers-killed-in-landmine-along-border-with-syria-security-source-idUSKCN1B00G9">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Three+Lebanese+soldiers+killed+in+landmine+on+Syria+border%3A+security+source&rft.date=2017-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-lebanon-syria%2Fthree-lebanese-soldiers-killed-in-landmine-along-border-with-syria-security-source-idUSKCN1B00G9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eaworldview.com/2019/03/syria-daily-russia-acknowledges-deaths-of-3-troops/">"Syria Daily: Russia Acknowledges Deaths of 3 Troops"</a>. 26 March 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330073541/https://eaworldview.com/2019/03/syria-daily-russia-acknowledges-deaths-of-3-troops/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2019-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Syria+Daily%3A+Russia+Acknowledges+Deaths+of+3+Troops&rft.date=2019-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feaworldview.com%2F2019%2F03%2Fsyria-daily-russia-acknowledges-deaths-of-3-troops%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Grove2015" class="citation web cs1">Thomas Grove (24 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/russia-says-marine-killed-during-mission-to-find-downed-pilots-1448391549">"Russia Says Marine Killed During Mission to Find Downed Pilots"</a>. WSJ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410015352/http://www.wsj.com/articles/russia-says-marine-killed-during-mission-to-find-downed-pilots-1448391549">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WSJ&rft.atitle=Russia+Says+Marine+Killed+During+Mission+to+Find+Downed+Pilots&rft.date=2015-11-24&rft.au=Thomas+Grove&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Frussia-says-marine-killed-during-mission-to-find-downed-pilots-1448391549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tass.com/defense/1023714">"Russia lost 112 servicemen over three years of counter-terror operation in Syria - MP"</a>. TASS. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212015832/http://tass.com/defense/1023714">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Russia+lost+112+servicemen+over+three+years+of+counter-terror+operation+in+Syria+-+MP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fdefense%2F1023714&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/153207/">"72 hours of violent escalation: four Russian soldiers and 125 regime soldiers, fighters and jihadies killed in military operations in Idlib and Aleppo, while nearly 1,800 strikes kill and injure over 140 civilians"</a>. Syriahr.com. January 18, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200802130025/https://www.syriahr.com/en/153207/">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Syriahr.com&rft.atitle=72+hours+of+violent+escalation%3A+four+Russian+soldiers+and+125+regime+soldiers%2C+fighters+and+jihadies+killed+in+military+operations+in+Idlib+and+Aleppo%2C+while+nearly+1%2C800+strikes+kill+and+injure+over+140+civilians&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F153207%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2176201/russian-soldier-killed-mysterious-accident-syrias-tartous">"Russian Soldier Killed in 'Mysterious Accident' in Syria's Tartous"</a>. Asharq AL-awsat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asharq+AL-awsat&rft.atitle=Russian+Soldier+Killed+in+%27Mysterious+Accident%27+in+Syria%27s+Tartous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fhome%2Farticle%2F2176201%2Frussian-soldier-killed-mysterious-accident-syrias-tartous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/russian-major-general-killed-in-explosion-in-syria/1945894">"Russian major general killed in explosion in Syria"</a>. Aa.com.tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706214238/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/russian-major-general-killed-in-explosion-in-syria/1945894">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Russian+major+general+killed+in+explosion+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Frussian-major-general-killed-in-explosion-in-syria%2F1945894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/08/syria-russia-general-killed-isis.html">"Russian major general killed in roadside bomb in Syria's Deir ez-Zor - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East"</a>. Al-monitor.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520211423/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2020/08/syria-russia-general-killed-isis.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-monitor.com&rft.atitle=Russian+major+general+killed+in+roadside+bomb+in+Syria%27s+Deir+ez-Zor+-+Al-Monitor%3A+Independent%2C+trusted+coverage+of+the+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2020%2F08%2Fsyria-russia-general-killed-isis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tass.ru/obschestvo/9439411">В военном госпитале в Москве умер военнослужащий, раненный при взрыве в Сирии</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКрутов2020" class="citation news cs1">Крутов, Марк (8 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.svoboda.org/a/30827461.html">"Умер еще один российский военный, раненный при взрыве в Сирии 18 августа"</a>. Радио Свобода.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80+%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+18+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0&rft.date=2020-09-08&rft.aulast=%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.aufirst=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2F30827461.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orelgrad.ru/blog/2021/01/29/orlovskij-razvedchik-pogib-v-sirii/">"Орловский разведчик погиб в Сирии"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B1+%D0%B2+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forelgrad.ru%2Fblog%2F2021%2F01%2F29%2Forlovskij-razvedchik-pogib-v-sirii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/06/10/russian-serviceman-killed-3-injured-in-syria-blast-a74172">"Russian Serviceman Killed, 3 Injured in Syria Blast"</a>. The Moscow Times. June 10, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625102005/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/06/10/russian-serviceman-killed-3-injured-in-syria-blast-a74172">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Serviceman+Killed%2C+3+Injured+in+Syria+Blast&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F06%2F10%2Frussian-serviceman-killed-3-injured-in-syria-blast-a74172&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/10/russian-soldier-killed-in-syrian-patrol-blast-a75018">"Russian Soldier Killed in Syrian Patrol Blast"</a>. 10 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210910154922/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/10/russian-soldier-killed-in-syrian-patrol-blast-a75018">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russian+Soldier+Killed+in+Syrian+Patrol+Blast&rft.date=2021-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F09%2F10%2Frussian-soldier-killed-in-syrian-patrol-blast-a75018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/314892/">Al-Hasakah | SOHR sources reveal details of killing of four Russian soldiers in northern countryside</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.specnaz.ru/articles/240/20/2523.htm">"ПАМЯТИ МАЙОРА ЧЕРНЫШОВА"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%AF%D0%A2%D0%98+%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%90+%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%A8%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%90&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.specnaz.ru%2Farticles%2F240%2F20%2F2523.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t.me/ok_spn/1650">Канал специального назначения</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/02/03/4-russian-special-forces-officers-killed-in-syria-reports-a69139">4 Russian Special Forces Officers Killed in Syria – Reports</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.go31.ru/news/3028820/ese-odna-iz-skol-belgoroda-budet-nosit-ima-geroa-rossii/">"Ещё одна из школ Белгорода будет носить имя Героя России"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%95%D1%89%D1%91+%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8F+%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.go31.ru%2Fnews%2F3028820%2Fese-odna-iz-skol-belgoroda-budet-nosit-ima-geroa-rossii%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/07/201274122120638820.html">"Turkey locates bodies of downed jet pilots"</a>. 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Retrieved 2013-08-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+police+killed+in+clashes+on+Syrian+border&rft.pub=Worldbulletin.net&rft.date=2013-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbulletin.net%2F%3FaType%3Dhaber%26ArticleID%3D107960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailysabah.com/nation/2014/03/25/isil-connection-in-attack-against-turkish-security-forces">"ISIL CONNECTION IN ATTACK AGAINST TURKISH SECURITY FORCES"</a>. dailysabah.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313005134/http://www.dailysabah.com/nation/2014/03/25/isil-connection-in-attack-against-turkish-security-forces">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dailysabah.com&rft.atitle=ISIL+CONNECTION+IN+ATTACK+AGAINST+TURKISH+SECURITY+FORCES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fnation%2F2014%2F03%2F25%2Fisil-connection-in-attack-against-turkish-security-forces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-in-syria-border-clash-with-smugglers-official.aspx?pageID=238&nID=69440&NewsCatID=509">"Third Turkish soldier dies after deadly clashes with militants on Syrian border"</a>. 23 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160224183330/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-in-syria-border-clash-with-smugglers-official.aspx?pageID=238&nID=69440&NewsCatID=509">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Third+Turkish+soldier+dies+after+deadly+clashes+with+militants+on+Syrian+border&rft.date=2014-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkish-soldier-killed-in-syria-border-clash-with-smugglers-official.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D69440%26NewsCatID%3D509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/turkish-soldiers-killed-syria-border-201412954440122185.html">"Turkish soldier kills comrades and himself"</a>. aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403140058/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/12/turkish-soldiers-killed-syria-border-201412954440122185.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-04-03. Retrieved 2014-12-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=Turkish+soldier+kills+comrades+and+himself&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2014%2F12%2Fturkish-soldiers-killed-syria-border-201412954440122185.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sg.news.yahoo.com/turkish-troops-evacuate-soldiers-guarding-ottoman-tomb-syria-070307401.html">"Turkish troops enter Syria to relocate historic tomb"</a>. London. AFP. 22 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714113326/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/turkish-troops-evacuate-soldiers-guarding-ottoman-tomb-syria-070307401.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkish+troops+enter+Syria+to+relocate+historic+tomb&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsg.news.yahoo.com%2Fturkish-troops-evacuate-soldiers-guarding-ottoman-tomb-syria-070307401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/24/world/europe/turkey-isis-us-airstrikes-syria.html">"U.S. Jets to Use Turkish Bases in War on ISIS"</a>. The New York Times. 24 July 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160708164824/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/24/world/europe/turkey-isis-us-airstrikes-syria.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+Jets+to+Use+Turkish+Bases+in+War+on+ISIS&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkey-isis-us-airstrikes-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/01/Turkish-soldier-killed-in-cross-border-fire-from-ISIS-territory-in-Syria-.html">"Turkish soldier killed in cross-border fire from ISIS territory in Syria"</a>. September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331181500/https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/09/01/Turkish-soldier-killed-in-cross-border-fire-from-ISIS-territory-in-Syria-.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2016-02-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+soldier+killed+in+cross-border+fire+from+ISIS+territory+in+Syria&rft.date=2015-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F09%2F01%2FTurkish-soldier-killed-in-cross-border-fire-from-ISIS-territory-in-Syria-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-in-intervention-against-human-smugglers-at-syrian-border.aspx?pageID=238&nID=95187&NewsCatID=352">"Turkish soldier killed in intervention against human smugglers at Syrian border - MIDEAST"</a>. 15 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160302123604/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-in-intervention-against-human-smugglers-at-syrian-border.aspx?pageID=238&nID=95187&NewsCatID=352">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+soldier+killed+in+intervention+against+human+smugglers+at+Syrian+border+-+MIDEAST&rft.date=2016-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fturkish-soldier-killed-in-intervention-against-human-smugglers-at-syrian-border.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D95187%26NewsCatID%3D352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUSKCN10P0SE">"Islamic State says bus blast killed 50 fighters at Syria-Turkey crossing"</a>. Reuters. 15 August 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170307185531/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUSKCN10P0SE">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Islamic+State+says+bus+blast+killed+50+fighters+at+Syria-Turkey+crossing&rft.date=2017-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUSKCN10P0SE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haberler.com/firat-kalkani-nda-sehit-olan-72-askerin-anisina-10477562-haberi/">"Fırat Kalkanı'nda Şehit Olan 72 Askerin Anısına, Afrin'e 72 Uçakla Saldırı Düzenlendi"</a>. Haberler.com. 21 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180121075514/https://www.haberler.com/firat-kalkani-nda-sehit-olan-72-askerin-anisina-10477562-haberi/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haberler.com&rft.atitle=F%C4%B1rat+Kalkan%C4%B1%27nda+%C5%9Eehit+Olan+72+Askerin+An%C4%B1s%C4%B1na%2C+Afrin%27e+72+U%C3%A7akla+Sald%C4%B1r%C4%B1+D%C3%BCzenlendi&rft.date=2018-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberler.com%2Ffirat-kalkani-nda-sehit-olan-72-askerin-anisina-10477562-haberi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> 54 killed (20 Jan.–6 July 2018),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-neutralizes-over-4-500-terrorists-in-afrin-army/1196627">[41]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210226050012/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-neutralizes-over-4-500-terrorists-in-afrin-army/1196627">Archived</a> 2021-02-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (13 Dec. 2018),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20181213-syria-afrin-turkish-soldier-killed-kurdish-militia-ypg">[42]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210317234335/https://www.france24.com/en/20181213-syria-afrin-turkish-soldier-killed-kurdish-militia-ypg">Archived</a> 2021-03-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (18 Feb. 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/02/18/1-turkish-soldier-killed-during-anti-terror-op-in-northern-syria/amp">[43]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201112031149/https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/02/18/1-turkish-soldier-killed-during-anti-terror-op-in-northern-syria/amp">Archived</a> 2020-11-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (31 March 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey/one-turkish-soldier-killed-in-syria-military-retaliates-ministry-idUSKCN1RC0HR">[44]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207023938/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey/one-turkish-soldier-killed-in-syria-military-retaliates-ministry-idUSKCN1RC0HR">Archived</a> 2021-02-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (4 May 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/one-soldier-killed-another-wounded-in-syria-143157">[45]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210307225405/https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/one-soldier-killed-another-wounded-in-syria-143157">Archived</a> 2021-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (26 June 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurdish-militants-in-syria-ministry-idUSKCN1TR113">[46]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107235952/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-in-clashes-with-kurdish-militants-in-syria-ministry-idUSKCN1TR113">Archived</a> 2020-11-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2 killed (11 Oct. 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-attacks/two-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-syria-ministry-idUSKBN1WQ26W">[47]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191013160338/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-attacks/two-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-syria-ministry-idUSKBN1WQ26W">Archived</a> 2019-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 61 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> 93 killed (20 Jan. 2018–26 June 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=132599">[48]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402200338/https://www.syriahr.com/en/132599/">Archived</a> 2023-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (5 Aug. 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=136684">[49]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403084615/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=121535">Archived</a> 2019-04-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2 killed (11 Oct. 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-attacks/two-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-syria-ministry-idUSKBN1WQ26W">[50]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191013160338/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-attacks/two-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-syria-ministry-idUSKBN1WQ26W">Archived</a> 2019-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 96 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> 1 killed (6 Feb. 2018),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkish-soldier-killed-syrias-idlib-509393796">[51]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913113433/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkish-soldier-killed-syrias-idlib-509393796">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (6 April 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/turkish-soldier-killed-in-northern-latakia-after-unknown-group-opens-fire-near-border-crossing/">[52]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190423143841/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/turkish-soldier-killed-in-northern-latakia-after-unknown-group-opens-fire-near-border-crossing/">Archived</a> 2019-04-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (28 June 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/turkish-soldier-dies-attack-military-post-syria-idlib-190628055001892.html">[53]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200913025852/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/turkish-soldier-dies-attack-military-post-syria-idlib-190628055001892.html">Archived</a> 2020-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 58 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per Turkish President),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/erdogan-idlibde-59-sehit-verdik-5667724/">[54]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311173006/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/erdogan-idlibde-59-sehit-verdik-5667724/">Archived</a> 2020-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkey-to-keep-military-observation-posts-in-idlib-syria/1724137">[55]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200311103246/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkey-to-keep-military-observation-posts-in-idlib-syria/1724137">Archived</a> 2020-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 72 killed (3 Feb.-5 March 2020; per SOHR),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=156424">[56]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200307043949/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=156424">Archived</a> 2020-03-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/?p=367235">[57]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200306115309/http://www.syriahr.com/?p=367235">Archived</a> 2020-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=154347">[58]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200209131851/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=154347">Archived</a> 2020-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3 killed (18-19 March 2020), <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-in-syrias-idlib-governors-office-idUSKBN2162K3">[59]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413105851/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-in-syrias-idlib-governors-office-idUSKBN2162K3">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (27 May 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/turkey-soldier-killed-explosion-syrias-idlib-70906718">[60]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413165126/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/turkey-soldier-killed-explosion-syrias-idlib-70906718">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (5 June 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-two-wounded-in-syrias-idlib-defence-ministry-says-idUSKBN23C2ZY">[61]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413223921/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/turkish-soldier-killed-two-wounded-in-syrias-idlib-defence-ministry-says-idUSKBN23C2ZY">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (12 June 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkish-soldier-succumbs-to-injuries/1875121#">[62]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727075907/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkish-soldier-succumbs-to-injuries/1875121">Archived</a> 2020-07-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (6 Sep. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/182969/">[63]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154545/https://www.syriahr.com/en/182969/">Archived</a> 2021-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (9 Sep. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.duvarenglish.com/domestic/2020/09/09/turkish-general-dies-while-on-duty-in-syrias-idlib/">[64]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201020085009/https://www.duvarenglish.com/domestic/2020/09/09/turkish-general-dies-while-on-duty-in-syrias-idlib/">Archived</a> 2020-10-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 10 killed (2021),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">[65]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101111908/https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">Archived</a> 2021-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/230657/">[66]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211212195250/https://www.syriahr.com/en/230657/">Archived</a> 2021-12-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 79–93 reported killed </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/baris-pinari-harekati/bakan-akar-yasaklanan-hicbir-muhimmati-veya-kimyasal-silahi-kullanmadik/1651521">"Bakan Akar: Yasaklanan hiçbir mühimmatı veya kimyasal silahı kullanmadık"</a>. aa.com.tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191122175853/https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/baris-pinari-harekati/bakan-akar-yasaklanan-hicbir-muhimmati-veya-kimyasal-silahi-kullanmadik/1651521">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-11-22. Retrieved 2019-11-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Bakan+Akar%3A+Yasaklanan+hi%C3%A7bir+m%C3%BChimmat%C4%B1+veya+kimyasal+silah%C4%B1+kullanmad%C4%B1k&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ftr%2Fbaris-pinari-harekati%2Fbakan-akar-yasaklanan-hicbir-muhimmati-veya-kimyasal-silahi-kullanmadik%2F1651521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-by-accident-in-n-syria-149072">Turkish soldier killed by accident in N Syria</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191127223726/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-by-accident-in-n-syria-149072">Archived</a> 2019-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/11/28/2-soldiers-killed-in-ypg-attack-in-se-turkey">2 soldiers killed in YPG attack in SE Turkey</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714110624/https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/11/28/2-soldiers-killed-in-ypg-attack-in-se-turkey">Archived</a> 2020-07-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/2-turkish-soldiers-martyred-in-terrorist-attacks/1661823">2 Turkish soldiers martyred in terrorist attacks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201129044831/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/2-turkish-soldiers-martyred-in-terrorist-attacks/1661823">Archived</a> 2020-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> 1 killed (15 March 2019),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/03/15/turkish-soldier-killed-during-operations-in-northern-syria">[67]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190408124825/https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/03/15/turkish-soldier-killed-during-operations-in-northern-syria">Archived</a> 2019-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 18 killed (Jan.-Oct. 2021),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">[68]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101111908/https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">Archived</a> 2021-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (26 Nov. 2021),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/229173/">[69]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126121229/https://www.syriahr.com/en/229173/">Archived</a> 2021-11-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3 killed (23 April 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/248327/">[70]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220423111137/https://www.syriahr.com/en/248327/">Archived</a> 2022-04-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (4 May 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/249966/">[71]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220504165710/https://www.syriahr.com/en/249966/">Archived</a> 2022-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (16 Aug. 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/263722/">[72]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816142232/https://www.syriahr.com/en/263722/">Archived</a> 2022-08-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2 killed (27 July 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/261200/">[73]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823130704/https://www.syriahr.com/en/261200/">Archived</a> 2022-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (10 Sep. 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/267089/">[74]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220911081818/https://www.syriahr.com/en/267089/">Archived</a> 2022-09-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (15 Jan. 2023),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/285270/">[75]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230119173007/https://www.syriahr.com/en/285270/">Archived</a> 2023-01-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 25 reported killed. </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> 4–7 killed (9 Jan. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/four-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-northeast-syria-bomb-attack-ministry-idUSKBN1Z80FR">[76]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154545/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey/four-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-northeast-syria-bomb-attack-ministry-idUSKBN1Z80FR">Archived</a> 2021-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=152556">[77]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402200336/https://www.syriahr.com/en/152556/">Archived</a> 2023-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3 killed (16 Jan. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-security-turkey/three-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-car-bomb-attack-in-syria-sources-idUKKBN1ZF2PM">[78]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127095619/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-syria-security-turkey/three-turkish-soldiers-killed-in-car-bomb-attack-in-syria-sources-idUKKBN1ZF2PM">Archived</a> 2020-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (8 Feb. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/suriyede-kazada-sehit-olan-uzman-onbasi-ceyhun-tas-memleketine-ugurlandi-41443140">[79]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413165123/https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/suriyede-kazada-sehit-olan-uzman-onbasi-ceyhun-tas-memleketine-ugurlandi-41443140">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1–4 killed (12–14 March 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ahvalnews.com/ras-al-ayn/turkish-soldier-three-locals-killed-ras-al-ayn-bombing">[80]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414032128/https://ahvalnews.com/ras-al-ayn/turkish-soldier-three-locals-killed-ras-al-ayn-bombing">Archived</a> 2021-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=157185">[81]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402200330/https://www.syriahr.com/en/157185/">Archived</a> 2023-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (25 March 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hawarnews.com/en/haber/for-refusing-to-stay-in-serkaniy-turkish-soldier-committed-suicide-h15491.html">[82]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410154556/https://hawarnews.com/en/haber/for-refusing-to-stay-in-serkaniy-turkish-soldier-committed-suicide-h15491.html">Archived</a> 2021-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (3 Aug. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/177879/">[83]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414062340/https://www.syriahr.com/en/177879/">Archived</a> 2021-04-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2 killed (13 Nov. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/192160/">[84]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210313194819/https://www.syriahr.com/en/192160/">Archived</a> 2021-03-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (3 Dec. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/syria-security-turkey-int/turkish-soldier-killed-in-clash-in-northwest-syria-ministry-idUSKBN28D1FT">[85]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413105859/https://www.reuters.com/article/syria-security-turkey-int/turkish-soldier-killed-in-clash-in-northwest-syria-ministry-idUSKBN28D1FT">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2–4 killed (10 Dec. 2020),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/car-bomb-syrian-city-kills-turkish-soldiers-locals-74653792">[86]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413204411/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/car-bomb-syrian-city-kills-turkish-soldiers-locals-74653792">Archived</a> 2021-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 7 killed (2021),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">[87]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101111908/https://www.syriahr.com/en/226941/">Archived</a> 2021-11-01 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (24 Nov. 2021),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/229045/">[88]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125132437/https://www.syriahr.com/en/229045/">Archived</a> 2021-11-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 3 killed (8 Jan. 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/233647/">[89]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108165340/https://www.syriahr.com/en/233647/">Archived</a> 2022-01-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (3 Feb. 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/237774/">[90]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203131549/https://www.syriahr.com/en/237774/">Archived</a> 2022-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 1 killed (18 Sep. 2022),<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/268147/">[91]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220918222915/https://www.syriahr.com/en/268147/">Archived</a> 2022-09-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> total of 29–37 reported killed. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.syriahr.com/en/315836/">"Monthly death toll | 238 civilians among 544 people killed in October 2023"</a>. Retrieved 2023-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monthly+death+toll+%7C+238+civilians+among+544+people+killed+in+October+2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F315836%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/20170923-french-soldier-killed-iraq-syria-military-zone">"French soldier killed in Iraq-Syria military zone, Élysée Palace says"</a>. France 24. 23 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224175919/https://www.france24.com/en/20170923-french-soldier-killed-iraq-syria-military-zone">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=French+soldier+killed+in+Iraq-Syria+military+zone%2C+%C3%89lys%C3%A9e+Palace+says&rft.date=2017-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20170923-french-soldier-killed-iraq-syria-military-zone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn.com-211">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_211-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn.com_211-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/30/politics/syria-coalition-ied/index.html">"US and British troops killed in Syria blast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 30 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331104211/https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/30/politics/syria-coalition-ied/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-31. Retrieved 2018-04-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=US+and+British+troops+killed+in+Syria+blast&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2018%2F03%2F30%2Fpolitics%2Fsyria-coalition-ied%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/2019-07-27/british-soldier-sergeant-matt-tonroe-killed-by-friendly-fire-not-roadside-bomb-investigation-finds/">"British soldier Sergeant Matt Tonroe killed by friendly fire not roadside bomb, investigation finds"</a>. ITV News. 27 July 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191009121722/https://www.itv.com/news/2019-07-27/british-soldier-sergeant-matt-tonroe-killed-by-friendly-fire-not-roadside-bomb-investigation-finds/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2020-01-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITV+News&rft.atitle=British+soldier+Sergeant+Matt+Tonroe+killed+by+friendly+fire+not+roadside+bomb%2C+investigation+finds&rft.date=2019-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2F2019-07-27%2Fbritish-soldier-sergeant-matt-tonroe-killed-by-friendly-fire-not-roadside-bomb-investigation-finds%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.f-16.net/f-16-news-article4910.html">"Pilot killed as U.S. F-16 crashes in Jordan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230817/http://www.f-16.net/f-16-news-article4910.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-07. Retrieved 2018-07-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilot+killed+as+U.S.+F-16+crashes+in+Jordan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.f-16.net%2Ff-16-news-article4910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/11/25/US-service-member-killed-in-blast-in-Syria-.html">"US service member killed in blast in Syria"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180710040931/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/11/25/US-service-member-killed-in-blast-in-Syria-.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-07-10. Retrieved 2016-11-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+service+member+killed+in+blast+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2016%2F11%2F25%2FUS-service-member-killed-in-blast-in-Syria-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836">"US service member killed in Syria identified as 22-year-old from Georgia"</a>. ABC News. 27 May 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170526140904/https://abcnews.go.com/International/us-service-member-killed-accident-syria/story?id=47658836">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=US+service+member+killed+in+Syria+identified+as+22-year-old+from+Georgia&rft.date=2017-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fus-service-member-killed-accident-syria%2Fstory%3Fid%3D47658836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/american-service-members-killed-bomb-blast-northern-syria/story?id=60444620">"3 of the Americans killed in bomb blast in northern Syria identified"</a>. ABC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190220232117/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/american-service-members-killed-bomb-blast-northern-syria/story?id=60444620">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=3+of+the+Americans+killed+in+bomb+blast+in+northern+Syria+identified&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Famerican-service-members-killed-bomb-blast-northern-syria%2Fstory%3Fid%3D60444620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZachary_CohenVeronica_StracqualursiKevin_Liptak2019" class="citation web cs1">Zachary Cohen; Veronica Stracqualursi; Kevin Liptak (16 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/16/politics/syria-attack-us-patrolled-city/index.html">"4 Americans killed in Syria attack. ISIS claims responsibility"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416172831/https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/16/politics/syria-attack-us-patrolled-city/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 19 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=4+Americans+killed+in+Syria+attack.+ISIS+claims+responsibility&rft.date=2019-01-16&rft.au=Zachary+Cohen&rft.au=Veronica+Stracqualursi&rft.au=Kevin+Liptak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F01%2F16%2Fpolitics%2Fsyria-attack-us-patrolled-city%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wxyz.com/news/army-private-from-southwest-detroit-dies-in-syria-in-non-combat-incident">"Army private from southwest Detroit dies in Syria in non-combat incident"</a>. 29 April 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190506131337/https://www.wxyz.com/news/army-private-from-southwest-detroit-dies-in-syria-in-non-combat-incident">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-06. Retrieved 2019-05-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Army+private+from+southwest+Detroit+dies+in+Syria+in+non-combat+incident&rft.date=2019-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wxyz.com%2Fnews%2Farmy-private-from-southwest-detroit-dies-in-syria-in-non-combat-incident&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126569">"Mystery surrounds the killing of a US soldier in the countryside of Ayn al-Arab (Kobani) amid accusations against Turkey of targeting him"</a>. 2 May 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505164800/http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=126569">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-05-05. Retrieved 2019-05-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mystery+surrounds+the+killing+of+a+US+soldier+in+the+countryside+of+Ayn+al-Arab+%28Kobani%29+amid+accusations+against+Turkey+of+targeting+him&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.syriahr.com%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D126569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/25/army-identifies-antonio-moore-soldier-killed-syria/">"Army identifies U.S. soldier killed in Syria"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329144153/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/jan/25/army-identifies-antonio-moore-soldier-killed-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-03-29. Retrieved 2020-01-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Army+identifies+U.S.+soldier+killed+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2Fjan%2F25%2Farmy-identifies-antonio-moore-soldier-killed-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americanmilitarynews.com/2020/07/us-led-coalition-soldier-killed-in-unfortunate-mishap-in-syria/">"US-led coalition soldier killed in 'unfortunate mishap' in Syria"</a>. Americanmilitarynews.com. 22 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722210512/https://americanmilitarynews.com/2020/07/us-led-coalition-soldier-killed-in-unfortunate-mishap-in-syria/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Americanmilitarynews.com&rft.atitle=US-led+coalition+soldier+killed+in+%27unfortunate+mishap%27+in+Syria&rft.date=2020-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericanmilitarynews.com%2F2020%2F07%2Fus-led-coalition-soldier-killed-in-unfortunate-mishap-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sana.sy/en/?p=197956">"U.S. soldier killed in overturned vehicle accident in Hasaka countryside"</a>. Syrian Arab News Agency. 22 July 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722161414/https://sana.sy/en/?p=197956">Archived</a> from the original on 22 July 2020. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191013071012/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/13/world/middleeast/russia-bombing-syrian-hospitals.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-10-13. 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Retrieved 13 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Syrian+Medical+Voices+from+the+Ground%3A+The+Ordeal+of+Syria%27s+Healthcare+Professionals&rft.pub=The+Center+for+Public+Health+and+Human+Rights+of+the+Johns+Hopkins+Bloomberg+School+of+Public+Health+and+the+Syrian+American+Medical+Society&rft.date=2015-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.nbcbayarea.com%2Fdocuments%2FSyrian%2BMedical%2BVoices%2Bfrom%2Bthe%2BGround.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JapanTimes_March2015-238">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JapanTimes_March2015_238-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JapanTimes_March2015_238-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JapanTimes_March2015_238-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChelala2015" class="citation web cs1">Chelala, Cesar (20 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2015/03/20/commentary/world-commentary/doctors-being-targeted-in-syrias-brutal-war/#.VQwwHiPFLqD">"Doctors being targeted in Syria's brutal war"</a>. The Japan Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323213613/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2015/03/20/commentary/world-commentary/doctors-being-targeted-in-syrias-brutal-war#.VQwwHiPFLqD">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Japan+Times&rft.atitle=Doctors+being+targeted+in+Syria%27s+brutal+war&rft.date=2015-03-20&rft.aulast=Chelala&rft.aufirst=Cesar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fopinion%2F2015%2F03%2F20%2Fcommentary%2Fworld-commentary%2Fdoctors-being-targeted-in-syrias-brutal-war%2F%23.VQwwHiPFLqD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeitnerCapitanini2015" class="citation news cs1">Leitner, Tammy; Capitanini, Lisa (12 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Chicago-Doctors-Syrian-War-Hospital-295954681.html">"Chicago Doctors Risk Arrest, Torture to Aid Dire Medical Care Void in Syria"</a>. NBC Chicago. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150834/http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Chicago-Doctors-Syrian-War-Hospital-295954681.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Chicago+Doctors+Risk+Arrest%2C+Torture+to+Aid+Dire+Medical+Care+Void+in+Syria&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.aulast=Leitner&rft.aufirst=Tammy&rft.au=Capitanini%2C+Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcchicago.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FChicago-Doctors-Syrian-War-Hospital-295954681.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_syria_map/web/index.html">"Anatomy of A Crisis: A Map of Attack on Health Care in Syria"</a>. Physicians for Human Rights. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031030344/https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_syria_map/web/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physicians+for+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Anatomy+of+A+Crisis%3A+A+Map+of+Attack+on+Health+Care+in+Syria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fs3.amazonaws.com%2FPHR_syria_map%2Fweb%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/over-800-health-workers-killed-syrian-war-crimes-234335117.html">"Over 800 health workers killed in Syrian 'war crimes': report"</a>. AFP. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200714112649/https://news.yahoo.com/over-800-health-workers-killed-syrian-war-crimes-234335117.html">Archived</a> from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Over+800+health+workers+killed+in+Syrian+%27war+crimes%27%3A+report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fover-800-health-workers-killed-syrian-war-crimes-234335117.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/855-medical-staff-killed-in-syria-since-2011-watchdog/1834045">"855 medical staff killed in Syria since 2011: Watchdog"</a>. Aa.com.tr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200520232909/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/855-medical-staff-killed-in-syria-since-2011-watchdog/1834045">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-05-20. Retrieved 2020-05-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=855+medical+staff+killed+in+Syria+since+2011%3A+Watchdog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F855-medical-staff-killed-in-syria-since-2011-watchdog%2F1834045&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACasualties+of+the+Syrian+civil+war" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Syrian_civil_war" style="wide;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_Civil_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian Civil War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Syrian_civil_war" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Overviews" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Overviews</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Main overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background and causes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Belligerents in the Syrian civil war">Belligerents </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Control of cities during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)">Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Effects and ongoing concerns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Casualties of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Phases and processes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_revolution" title="Syrian revolution">Syrian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war">Early insurgency phase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%932013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war">2012–2013 escalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires" title="Syrian civil war ceasefires">Ceasefires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Syrian peace process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">World reaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions to the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Specific groups and countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Russian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkish involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention in the Syrian civil war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria">2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish Area in Syria">Kurdish Area in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">Syrian Democratic Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rojava_conflict" title="Rojava conflict">Rojava conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_%E2%80%93_Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve">U.S. task force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">Agreements and dialogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria">Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AANES%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="AANES–Syria relations">Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Timeline" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war">Timeline</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 coup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_Movement_(Syria)" title="Corrective Movement (Syria)">Corrective Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria" title="Islamist uprising in Syria">Islamist uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests" title="1999 Latakia protests">Latakia protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Spring" title="Damascus Spring">Damascus Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots" title="2004 Qamishli riots">Qamishli riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon" title="Syrian occupation of Lebanon">Syrian occupation of Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_Declaration" title="Damascus Declaration">Damascus Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Human rights in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history" title="2010s in Syria political history">2010s in Syria political history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2011 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2011)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_uprising_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil uprising phase of the Syrian civil war">Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa" title="Siege of Daraa">Siege of Daraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas" title="Siege of Baniyas">Siege of Baniyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)" title="Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)">May Talkalakh siege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh" title="Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh">Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes" title="June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes">June Jisr ash-Shughur operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)" title="Siege of Hama (2011)">Siege of Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Homs" title="Siege of Homs">Siege of Homs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_operation" title="Summer 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya operation">Jabal al-Zawiya operation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia" title="Siege of Latakia">Siege of Latakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932014)" title="Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)">Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011%E2%80%93March_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)">Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)" title="Battle of Zabadani (2012)">Battle of Zabadani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Douma" title="Battle of Douma">Battle of Douma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)">Daraa Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)" title="Battle of Rastan (2011)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayrat_and_Tiyas_airbase_ambush" title="Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush">Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_%E2%80%93_March_2012)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres" title="December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres">December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2012 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2012)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing" title="January 2012 al-Midan bombing">January al-Midan bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January%E2%80%93February_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)">Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)" title="Battle of Idlib (2012)">First Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation" title="April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation">Idlib Governorate operation (Apr)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz" title="Battle of Taftanaz">Battle of Taftanaz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)" title="Battle of Rastan (May 2012)">May Battle of Rastan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houla_massacre" title="Houla massacre">Houla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah" title="Battle of al-Haffah">Battle of al-Haffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre" title="Al-Qubeir massacre">Al-Qubeir massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh" title="Battle of Tremseh">Battle of Tremseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)" title="Battle of Damascus (2012)">Battle of Damascus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing" title="18 July 2012 Damascus bombing">18 July 2012 Damascus bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)">Battle of Aleppo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan" title="Battle of Anadan">Battle of Anadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46" title="Siege of Base 46">Siege of Base 46</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)">Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93October_2012)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darayya_massacre" title="Darayya massacre">Darayya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz" title="Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz">Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)">First siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harem" title="Battle of Harem">Battle of Harem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqrab_massacre" title="Aqrab massacre">Aqrab massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive" title="2012 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halfaya_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfaya massacre">Halfaya massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012%E2%80%93February_2013)" title="Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)">Battle of Darayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012%E2%80%932014)" title="Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)">Quneitra Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre" title="Talbiseh bakery massacre">Talbiseh bakery massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2013 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)">May–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Safira" title="Battle of Safira">Battle of Safira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)" title="Battle of Shaddadi (2013)">Battle of Shadadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)" title="Damascus offensive (2013)">Damascus offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012%E2%80%932013)" title="Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)">Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2013)">Battle of Raqqa (Mar)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive" title="2013 Daraa offensive">Daraa offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March%E2%80%93August_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl" title="Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl">Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack" title="Ghouta chemical attack">Ghouta chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive" title="Al-Qusayr offensive">Al-Qusayr offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)">Battle of al-Qusayr</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres" title="Bayda and Baniyas massacres">Bayda and Baniyas massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive" title="2013 Hama offensive">Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatla_massacre" title="Hatla massacre">Hatla massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack" title="Khan al-Assal chemical attack">Khan al-Assal chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre" title="Khan al-Assal massacre">Khan al-Assal massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adra_massacre" title="Adra massacre">Adra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012%E2%80%9313)" title="Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)">Battle of Ras al-Ayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)">Battle of Tell Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2013)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2013)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah" title="Battle of al-Yaarubiyah">Battle of al-Yaarubiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013%E2%80%93January_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)">Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2014 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2014)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war">First Inter-rebel conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Markada" title="Battle of Markada">Battle of Markada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Morek" title="Battle of Morek">Battle of Morek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93May_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)">Daraa offensive (Feb–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maan_massacre" title="Maan massacre">Maan massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush" title="Al-Otaiba ambush">Al-Otaiba ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive" title="2014 Idlib offensive">Idlib offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn" title="Battle of Hosn">Battle of Hosn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive" title="2014 Latakia offensive">Latakia Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah" title="Battle of Al-Malihah">Battle of Al-Malihah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack" title="2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack">Kafr Zita chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)" title="Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)">Second siege of Wadi Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2014)">Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)" title="Battle of Arsal (2014)">Battle of Arsal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)">First Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive" title="2014 Eastern Syria offensive">Eastern Syria offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase" title="Battle of Tabqa Airbase">Battle of Tabqa Airbase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February%E2%80%93July_2014)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive" title="2014 Hama offensive">Hama Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive" title="2014 Quneitra offensive">Quneitra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Koban%C3%AE" title="Siege of Kobanî">Siege of Kobanî</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_school_bombing" title="Homs school bombing">Homs school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)" title="Daraa offensive (October 2014)">Daraa offensive (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive" title="2014 Al-Safira offensive">Al-Safira offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city" title="2014 raid on Idlib city">Idlib Raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front%E2%80%93SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict" title="Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict">Second Inter-Rebel Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October%E2%80%93November_2014)" title="Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)">Second Battle of the Shaer gas field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)">Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2015 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)">Jan–Jul</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)">Aug–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash" title="2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash">Air Force An-26 crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)" title="Daraa offensive (January 2015)">Daraa Offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2015 Southern Syria offensive">Southern Syria Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Eastern al-Hasakah offensive">Eastern al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March%E2%80%93April_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June%E2%80%93July_2015)" title="Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)">Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)" title="Battle of Bosra (2015)">Battle of Bosra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive" title="2015 Idlib offensive">Idlib Offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)" title="Battle of Idlib (2015)">Second Battle of Idlib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing" title="Battle of Nasib Border Crossing">Battle of Nasib Border Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)" title="Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)">Battle of Yarmouk Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Hasakah_offensive" title="Western al-Hasakah offensive">Western al-Hasakah offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (May 2015)">Palmyra offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings" title="2015 Qamishli bombings">Qamishli bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive" title="Tell Abyad offensive">Tell Abyad offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koban%C3%AE_massacre" title="Kobanî massacre">Kobanî massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2015)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July%E2%80%93August_2015)" title="Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)">Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2015)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)">Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)">Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive" title="2015 al-Hawl offensive">Al-Hawl offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2015)" title="Homs offensive (November–December 2015)">Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)">East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_Latakia_offensive" title="2015–2016 Latakia offensive">2015–2016 Latakia offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive" title="Tishrin Dam offensive">Tishrin Dam offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown" title="2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown">Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2016 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015%E2%80%932016)" title="Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)">Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93March_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)" title="Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)">Al-Shaddadi offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings" title="February 2016 Homs bombings">February Homs bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February" title="2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks">February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive" title="2016 Khanasir offensive">Khanasir offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)" title="Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)">Battle of Tel Abyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)">Battle of Maarrat al-Numan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2016)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March%E2%80%93June_2016)" title="Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)">Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (March 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive" title="Northern Raqqa offensive">Northern Raqqa offensive (May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings">May Jableh & Tartous bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)" title="Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)">Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manbij_offensive" title="Manbij offensive">Manbij offensive</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokhar_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokhar massacre">Tokhar massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign" title="2016 Southern Aleppo campaign">Southern Aleppo campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)" title="Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)">Battle of al-Rai (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield" title="Operation Euphrates Shield">Operation Euphrates Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign" title="2016 Aleppo summer campaign">Aleppo summer campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings" title="5 September 2016 Syria bombings">5 September bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid" title="September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid">September Deir ez-Zor air raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack" title="September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack">September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September%E2%80%93October_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive" title="2016 Dabiq offensive">Dabiq offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)">Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October%E2%80%93November_2016)" title="Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)">Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)">Raqqa campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab" title="Battle of al-Bab">Battle of al-Bab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November%E2%80%93December_2016)" title="Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)">Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)" title="Palmyra offensive (December 2016)">Palmyra offensive (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2017 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)">Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing" title="January 2017 Azaz bombing">January Azaz bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)">Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January%E2%80%93March_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February%E2%80%93June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)" title="Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)">Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qaboun offensive (2017)">Qaboun offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)" title="Palmyra offensive (2017)">Palmyra offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)" title="East Aleppo offensive (2017)">East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings" title="March 2017 Damascus bombings">March Damascus bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike" title="2017 al-Jinah airstrike">Al-Jinah airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March%E2%80%93April_2017)" title="Hama offensive (March–April 2017)">Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa" title="Battle of Tabqa">Battle of Tabqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack" title="Khan Shaykhun chemical attack">Khan Shaykhun chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">Shayrat missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing" title="2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing">Aleppo bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq" title="April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq">April Turkish airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April%E2%80%93May_2017)" title="East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)">East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May%E2%80%93July_2017)" title="Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)">Desert campaign (May–Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive" title="Maskanah Plains offensive">Maskanah Plains offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)" title="East Hama offensive (2017)">East Hama offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)" title="Battle of Raqqa (2017)">Battle of Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Daraa offensive (June 2017)">Daraa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive" title="2017 Southern Raqqa offensive">Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive" title="2017 Jobar offensive">Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)" title="Quneitra offensive (June 2017)">Quneitra offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)">Idlib clashes (Jul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign" title="Central Syria campaign">Central campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017%E2%80%932019)" title="Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)" title="Hama offensive (September 2017)">Hama offensive (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)">Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate" title="Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate">Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017%E2%80%932018)" title="Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)">Battle of Harasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September%E2%80%93December_2017)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)">Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive">Euphrates Crossing offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive" title="2017 Mayadin offensive">Mayadin offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September%E2%80%93November_2017)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)">Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive" title="2017 Abu Kamal offensive">Abu Kamal offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive" title="Beit Jinn offensive">Beit Jinn offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2018 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2018)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch" title="Operation Olive Branch">Operation Olive Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham" title="Battle of Khasham">Battle of Khasham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February%E2%80%93April_2018)" title="Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)">Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January%E2%80%93February_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">Douma chemical attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">Missile strikes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)">Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)" title="Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)">Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April%E2%80%93May_2018)" title="Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)">Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes" title="Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes">Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)" title="Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)">Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (June 2018)">As-Suwayda offensive (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive" title="2018 Southern Syria offensive">Southern offensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_As-Suwayda_attacks" title="2018 As-Suwayda attacks">As-Suwayda attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda_offensive_(August%E2%80%93November_2018)" title="As-Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)">As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)" title="Qamishli clashes (2018)">Qamishli clashes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)" title="Syria missile strikes (September 2018)">Missile strikes (Sep)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2019 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January%E2%80%93April_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)">Jan–Apr</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)">May–Aug</a> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September%E2%80%93December_2019)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)">Sep–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation%E2%80%93Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict" title="National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict">Idlib inter-rebel conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing" title="2019 Manbij bombing">Manbij bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani" title="Battle of Baghuz Fawqani">Battle of Baghuz Fawqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)">ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AArik_prison_escape_attempt" title="Dêrik prison escape attempt">Dêrik prison escape attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes" title="2019 Tell Rifaat clashes">Tell Rifaat clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April%E2%80%93August_2019)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)">Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings" title="June 2019 Syria bombings">June bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing" title="Hass refugee camp bombing">Hass refugee camp bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)" title="Syria missile strikes (August 2019)">Missile strikes (Aug)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria" title="2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria">Turkish offensive into northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Barisha raid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings" title="November 2019 Syria bombings">November bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria" title="November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria">Israeli missile strikes (Nov)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qah_missile_strike" title="Qah missile strike">Qah missile strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019%E2%80%93March_2020)" title="Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)">Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria" title="December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria">US airstrikes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2020 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020–present)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Syria">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing" title="2020 Afrin bombing">Afrin bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)" title="Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)">Idlib Governorate clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike" title="2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike">Kafr-Takharim airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_Ayn_Issa_clashes" title="2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes">Ayn Issa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush">Deir ez-Zor ambush</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2021 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Al-Hasakah" title="Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah">Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)" title="Syria missile strikes (January 2021)">Missile strikes (Jan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Feb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)" title="Battle of Qamishli (2021)">Battle of Qamishli (Apr)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria" title="June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria">US airstrike (Jun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 Daraa clashes">Daraa clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham%E2%80%93Junud_al-Sham_conflict" title="Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict">Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2022 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)">Jan–Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Hasakah_(2022)" title="Battle of al-Hasakah (2022)">Battle of al-Hasakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham%E2%80%93Levant_Front_clashes" title="2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes">Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishr%C4%AB_clashes" title="2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes">Jabal al-Bishrī clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes" title="2022 Jarqli airstrikes">Jarqli airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)" title="Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)">Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword" title="Operation Claw-Sword">Operation Claw-Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022%E2%80%93present)" title="Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)">Northwest clashes (Dec)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;">2023 <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)" title="Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)">Jan-Dec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack" title="2023 Al-Sukhnah attack">Al-Sukhnah attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike" title="2023 Damascus airstrike">Damascus airstrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Hama_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hama attack">Hama attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Northern Syria clashes">Northern border clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em;font-weight:normal; vertical-align:top;;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Spillover of the Syrian civil war">Spillover</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war">Israel and Golan Heights</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_2017_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="March 2017 Israel–Syria incident">March 2017 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2018_Israel%E2%80%93Syria_incident" title="February 2018 Israel–Syria incident">February 2018 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards" title="Operation House of Cards">May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">Iraq</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashat_ambush" title="Akashat ambush">Akashat ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah" title="Operation al-Shabah">Operation al-Shabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April" title="Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)">April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">Jordanian border incidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian%E2%80%93Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014" title="Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war">April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Lebanon</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon%E2%80%93Syria_border_clashes" title="Lebanon–Syria border clashes">Lebanese border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash" title="2013 Sidon clash">Battle of Sidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut">Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)" title="North Lebanon clashes (2014)">North Lebanon clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)" title="Qalamoun offensive (2017)">Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a>:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_2011_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clash" title="December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash">December 2011 Turkish border clash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown" title="2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown">2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian%E2%80%93Turkish_border_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes">2012 Turkish border clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Reyhanl%C4%B1_car_bombings" title="2013 Reyhanlı car bombings">2013 Reyhanlı car bombings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria" title="January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria">January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov" title="Assassination of Andrei Karlov">Assassination of Andrei Karlov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident" title="2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident">Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes" title="2020 Balyun airstrikes">2020 Balyun airstrikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield" title="Operation Spring Shield">Operation Spring Shield</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:2em;background:transparent; text-align:right; padding:0; vertical-align:top;">Elsewhere:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike">Deir ez-Zor missile strike</a> (Iran)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Belligerents" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Belligerents</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Syria" title="Politics of Syria">Politics of Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement" title="Arab Socialist Movement">Arab Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)" title="Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)">Syrian Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Military and militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces" title="Syrian Armed Forces">Syrian Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Resistance" title="Syrian Resistance">Syrian Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds" title="Liwa al-Quds">al-Quds Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army" title="Palestine Liberation Army">Palestine Liberation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war">Hezbollah involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Iranian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun" title="Liwa Fatemiyoun">Liwa Fatemiyoun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war">Russian involvement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian%E2%80%93Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign" title="Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign">medical facility targeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war">military intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group" title="Wagner Group">Wagner Group</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Syria%E2%80%93Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_coalition" title="Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition">Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces" title="Popular Mobilization Forces">Popular Mobilization Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">Opposition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government" title="Syrian Interim Government">Interim government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces" title="National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces">National Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria" title="Local Coordination Committees of Syria">Local Coordination Committees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution" title="Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution">Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change" title="National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change">National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission" title="Syrian Revolution General Commission">Syrian Revolution General Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group" title="Syrian Support Group">Syrian Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution" title="Adopt a Revolution">Adopt a Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group" title="Syrian National Council">Syrian Patriotic Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition militias</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_National_Army" title="Syrian National Army">Syrian National Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army" title="Free Syrian Army">Free Syrian Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation" title="National Front for Liberation">National Front for Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza" title="Jaysh al-Izza">Army of Glory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front" title="Authenticity and Development Front">Authenticity and Development Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes" title="Army of Free Tribes">Army of Free Tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Commando_Army" title="Revolutionary Commando Army">Revolutionary Commando Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria" title="Muslim Brotherhood in Syria">Muslim Brotherhood in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)" title="Grey Wolves (organization)">Grey Wolves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign support</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">US intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war">Jordanian intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria" title="Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria">Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Movement for a Democratic Society">DFNS Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Democratic Union Party (Syria)">Democratic Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council" title="Kurdish National Council">Kurdish National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava" title="List of political parties in Rojava">Smaller political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces" title="Syrian Democratic Forces">SDF militias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Defense_Units" title="People's Defense Units">People's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Units" title="Women's Protection Units">Women's Protection Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units" title="Anti-Terror Units">Anti-Terror Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces" title="Al-Sanadid Forces">Al-Sanadid Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries" title="Army of Revolutionaries">Army of Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils" title="Syrian Democratic Forces military councils">SDF military councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council" title="Syriac Military Council">Syriac Military Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa" title="Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa">Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade" title="Northern Democratic Brigade">Northern Democratic Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan" title="Patriotic Union of Kurdistan">Patriotic Union of Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers%27_Party" title="Kurdistan Workers' Party">Kurdistan Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion" title="International Freedom Battalion">International Freedom Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units" title="Sinjar Resistance Units">Sinjar Resistance Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Az%C3%AEdxan_Women%27s_Units" title="Êzîdxan Women's Units">Êzîdxan Women's Units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.25em"><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State" title="Islamic State">Islamic State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State" title="Military of the Islamic State">Military activity of ISIL</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)" title="Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)">Al-Barakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dokumac%C4%B1lar" title="Dokumacılar">Dokumacılar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army" title="Khalid ibn al-Walid Army">Khalid ibn al-Walid Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade" title="Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade">Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement" title="Islamic Muthanna Movement">Islamic Muthanna Movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad" title="Jaysh al-Jihad">Jaysh al-Jihad</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa" title="Jund al-Aqsa">Liwa al-Aqsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Dawud" title="Liwa Dawud">Liwa Dawud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami" title="Liwa Aqab al-Islami">Liwa Aqab al-Islami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara" title="Katibah Nusantara">Katibah Nusantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi" title="Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi">Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade" title="Al-Khansaa Brigade">Al-Khansaa Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only" title="Group of the One and Only">Group of the One and Only</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda" title="Al-Qaeda">al-Qaeda</a> and allies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front" title="Al-Nusra Front">Al-Nusra Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabhat Fatah al-Sham">Jabhat Fatah al-Sham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khorasan_group" title="Khorasan group">Khorasan group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz" title="Suqour al-Ezz">Suqour al-Ezz</a>) <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham" title="Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham">Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham" title="Tahrir al-Sham">Tahrir al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria" title="Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria">Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate" title="Caucasus Emirate">Caucasus Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz" title="Ajnad al-Kavkaz">Ajnad al-Kavkaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi" title="Junud al-Makhdi">Junud al-Makhdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room" title="Rouse the Believers Operations Room">Rouse the Believers Operations Room</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)" title="Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)">Ansar al-Tawhid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba" title="Firqat al-Ghuraba">Firqat al-Ghuraba</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hurras_al-Din" title="Hurras al-Din">Hurras al-Din</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front" title="Ansar al-Din Front">Ansar al-Din Front</a> (<a href="/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Harakat Sham al-Islam">Harakat Sham al-Islam</a>), <a href="/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan" title="Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan">Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun" title="Jaish al-Haramoun">Jaish al-Haramoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna" title="Jaysh al-Sunna">Jaysh al-Sunna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar" title="Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar">Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_Battalion" title="Green Battalion">Green Battalion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)" title="Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)">Mujahideen Shura Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malhama_Tactical" title="Malhama Tactical">Malhama Tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad" title="Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad">Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jama%27at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham" title="Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham">Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham" title="Ghuraba al-Sham">Ghuraba al-Sham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat" title="Imam Bukhari Jamaat">Imam Bukhari Jamaat</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam" title="Fatah al-Islam">Fatah al-Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance" title="Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance">Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma" title="Liwaa al-Umma">Liwaa al-Umma</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="People" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid" title="Ammar Abdulhamid">Ammar Abdulhamid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah" title="Ali al-Abdallah">Ali al-Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor" title="Adnan al-Aroor">Adnan al-Aroor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Assad_family" title="Al-Assad family">al-Assad family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maher_al-Assad" title="Maher al-Assad">Maher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad" title="Rifaat al-Assad">Rifaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf" title="Rami Makhlouf">Rami Makhlouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf" title="Hafez Makhlouf">Hafez Makhlouf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad" title="Riad al-Asaad">Riad al-Asaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni" title="Anwar al-Bunni">Anwar al-Bunni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij" title="Fahd Jassem al-Freij">Fahd Jassem al-Freij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Suheil al-Hassan">Suheil al-Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh" title="Haitham al-Maleh">Haitham al-Maleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib" title="Moaz al-Khatib">Moaz al-Khatib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani" title="Kamal al-Labwani">Kamal al-Labwani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb" title="Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb">Hamza al-Khateeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi" title="Tal al-Mallohi">Tal al-Mallohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed" title="Fida al-Sayed">Fida al-Sayed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_al-Turk" title="Riad al-Turk">Riad al-Turk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Khoja" title="Khaled Khoja">Khaled Khoja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi" title="Ammar al-Qurabi">Ammar al-Qurabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suheir_Atassi" title="Suheir Atassi">Suheir Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni" title="Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni">Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aref_Dalila" title="Aref Dalila">Aref Dalila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Ghadry" title="Farid Ghadry">Farid Ghadry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun" title="Burhan Ghalioun">Burhan Ghalioun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi" title="Razan Ghazzawi">Razan Ghazzawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto" title="Ghassan Hitto">Ghassan Hitto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Idris" title="Salim Idris">Salim Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randa_Kassis" title="Randa Kassis">Randa Kassis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam" title="Abdul Halim Khaddam">Abdul Halim Khaddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Kilo" title="Michel Kilo">Michel Kilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani" title="Bassma Kodmani">Bassma Kodmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud" title="Ali Habib Mahmud">Ali Habib Mahmud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman" title="Ali Mahmoud Othman">Ali Mahmoud Othman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Qashoush" title="Ibrahim Qashoush">Ibrahim Qashoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha" title="Dawoud Rajiha">Dawoud Rajiha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh" title="Yassin al-Haj Saleh">Yassin al-Haj Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban" title="Bouthaina Shaaban">Bouthaina Shaaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda" title="Abdulbaset Sieda">Abdulbaset Sieda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riad_Seif" title="Riad Seif">Riad Seif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane" title="Fadwa Souleimane">Fadwa Souleimane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid" title="Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid">Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara" title="Yaser Tabbara">Yaser Tabbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh" title="Razan Zaitouneh">Razan Zaitouneh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rami_Jarrah" title="Rami Jarrah">Rami Jarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa" title="Abdurrahman Mustafa">Abdurrahman Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji" title="Fadlallah al-Haji">Fadlallah al-Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"><div id="Related" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections" title="2011 Syrian local elections">2011 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Syrian parliamentary election">2012 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2014 Syrian presidential election">2014 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections" title="2015 Rojava local elections">2015 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Syrian parliamentary election">2016 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections" title="2017 Rojava local elections">2017 Northern local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections" title="2017 Rojava regional elections">2017 Northern regional elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections" title="2018 Syrian local elections">2018 local elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election" title="2020 Syrian parliamentary election">2020 parliamentary election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election" title="2021 Syrian presidential election">2021 presidential election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Casualties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war">Chemical weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war">Damaged heritage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war">Foreign involvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Human rights violations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war">Humanitarian aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war">International demonstrations and protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="International reactions to the Syrian civil war">International reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="List of massacres during the Syrian civil war">Massacres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war">Sectarianism and minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights" class="mw-redirect" title="Status of the Golan Heights">Status of the Golan Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon" title="Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon">Spillover in Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war">Syrian government reactions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Syrian_peace_process" title="Syrian peace process">Peace process</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria" title="Arab League monitors in Syria">Arab League monitors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group" title="Friends of Syria Group">Friends of Syria Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan">Kofi Annan peace plan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria" title="United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria">UN supervision mission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan" title="Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan">Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria" title="U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria">U.S.–Russia peace proposals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/39th_G8_summit" title="39th G8 summit">39th G8 summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118">UN Security Council Resolution 2118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria" title="Geneva II Conference on Syria">Geneva II conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement" title="2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement">2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria" title="Vienna peace talks for Syria">Vienna talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)" title="Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)">2016 Geneva talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018%E2%80%932019)" title="Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)">Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Northern Syria Buffer Zone">First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone" title="Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone">Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee" title="Syrian Constitutional Committee">Syrian Constitutional Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">War crimes trials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war" title="Völkerstrafgesetzbuch">Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_mandate" title="Exclusive mandate">Exclusive mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference" title="Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference">Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Syrian_National_Council" title="International recognition of the Syrian National Council">International recognition of the Syrian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_Files" title="Syria Files">Syria Files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report" title="2014 Syrian detainee report">Syrian detainee report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Media coverage of the Syrian civil war">Syrian media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian civil war in popular culture">Syrian civil war in popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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