Wood modification technologies - a review. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 10: 895-908 (2017) .

<!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="verify-v1" content="8iQerRlxRz/iGIGB6O3QUiTqqKg8c0vRViCcwCv5fEI=" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />  <meta name="Author" content="Gabriele Bucci" /> <meta name="Generator" content="PHP 7.0 / XSLT 2.0" /> <meta name="country" content="Italy" /> <meta name="organization-Email" content="help@sisef.org" /> <meta name="copyright" content="(c) SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology" /> <meta name="coverage" content="Worldwide" /> <meta name="revisit_after" content="10days" /> <meta name="identifier" content="1971-7458" /> <meta name="language" content="English" />  <title>Wood modification technologies - a review. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 10: 895-908 (2017) .</title> <meta name="copyright" content="copyright 2017 SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology"/> <meta name="description" content="Abstract: The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). Building on these examples, the paper will discuss the environmental impact assessment of modification processes and further development needs."/><meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Chemical Treatments"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Thermo-hydro-mechanical"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="LCA"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Acetylation"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Furfurylation"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Resin Impregnation"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Environmental Impacts"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Densification"/> <meta name="keywords" lang="en-US" content="Wood Technology and Forest Harvesting"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Wood modification technologies - a review"/> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Sandberg, D."/> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Kutnar, A."/> <meta name="DC.creator" content="Mantanis, G."/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Wood Technology and Forest Harvesting"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Chemical Treatments"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Thermo-hydro-mechanical"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="LCA"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Acetylation"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Furfurylation"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Resin Impregnation"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Environmental Impacts"/> <meta name="DC.subject" xml:lang="en" content="Densification"/> <meta name="DC.description" content="Abstract: The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). Building on these examples, the paper will discuss the environmental impact assessment of modification processes and further development needs."/> <meta name="DC.date" scheme="WTN8601" content="2017"/> <meta name="DC.identifier" content="https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2380-010"/> <meta name="DC.type" content="journalArticle"/> <meta name="DC.format" scheme="IMT" content="text/xhtml"/> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="SISEF - Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology"/> <meta name="DC.language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.coverage" content="world"/> <meta name="DC.rights" content="(c) SISEF 2017 - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry"/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1971-7458"/> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Sandberg, D.; Kutnar, A.; Mantanis, G."/> <meta name="citation_title" content="Wood modification technologies - a review"/> <meta name="citation_date" content="2017"/> <meta name="citation_volume" content="10"/> <meta name="citation_issue" content="6"/> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="895"/> <meta name="citation_id" content="2380"/> <meta name="citation_mjid" content="iForest;10.3832/ifor2380-010"/> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3832/ifor2380-010"/> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://iforest.sisef.org/abstract/?id=ifor2380-010"/> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://iforest.sisef.org/pdf/?id=ifor2380-010"/> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="ifor2380-010"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="iForest - 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Biogeosciences and Forestry", "issn": "1971-7458", "publisher": "SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology" }, { "identifier":"10.3832/ifor2380-010", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "isPartOf": [ { "@id": "#issue6" }, { "@id": "#volume10" }, { "@id": "#periodical" } ], "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sandberg, Dick" } , { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kutnar, Andreja" } , { "@type": "Person", "name": "Mantanis, George" } ], "name": "Wood modification technologies - a review", "headline": "Wood modification technologies", "image": "http://iforest.sisef.org/papers/thumbs/thumb@2380.gif", "thumbnailURL": "http://iforest.sisef.org/papers/thumbs/thumb@2380.gif", "description": "The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). 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font-style: italic">Review Papers</p> <div class="well well-sm well-block cursor" onclick="self.location.href='../archive/?action=collection&arg=COSTFP1407'" title="Open this collection/special issue"> <p> Collection/Special Issue: COST action FP1407<br/><b class="title">Understanding wood modification through an integrated scientific and environmental impact approach</b><br/>Guest Editors: Giacomo Goli, Andreja Kutnar, Dennis Jones, Dick Sandberg</p> </div> </div> <hr size="1"/> <div class="flex-line paper-buttons" id="paper-buttons"> <div class="flex-fill"> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default" href="../pdf/?id=ifor2380-010" target="_blank" title="PDF version"> <i class="far fa-file-pdf" style="color: red"> </i> <span class="hide-mobile"> PDF Version</span> </a> </div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default" href="../contents/?id=ifor2380-010" title="Full text"> <i class="fas fa-book-reader" style="color: green;"> </i> <span class="hide-mobile"> Full Text</span> </a> </div> <div class="flex-fill dropdown"> <a class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#" title="Share this article" style="display:block; width: 100%"> <i class="fas fa-share-alt" style="color: blue"> </i> <span class="hide-mobile">Share</span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu btn-nav-share" role="menu"> <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_facebook"><span class="fab fa-facebook" style="color: navy"> </span> Facebook</a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_twitter"><span class="fab fa-twitter" style="color: #38b"> </span> Twitter</a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_mendeley"><span class="fab fa-mendeley" style="color: #c73928"> </span> Mendeley</a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_citeulike"><span class="fas fa-align-justify" style="color: white"> </span> CiteULike</a> </li> <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email"><span class="fas fa-envelope" style="color: orange"> </span> Email</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default" onclick="citation_manager()" title="Download citation/reference"> <i class="fas fa-quote-right" style="color: black"> </i> <span class="hide-mobile"> Citation</span> </a> </div> <div class="flex-fill"> <a type="button" class="btn btn-default" onclick="moveto('related')" title="Related articles"> <i class="fas fa-clone" style="color: orange"> </i> <span class="hide-mobile"> Related</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="abstract"> <h3 class="menu-head">Abstract</h3> <p>The market for new durable products of modified wood has increased substantially during the last few years, especially in Europe. This increased interest depends partly on the restricted use of toxic preservatives due to increased environmental concern, as well as the need for reduced maintenance for wood products that are mainly for exterior use. Furthermore, as sustainability becomes a greater concern, the environmental impact of construction and interior materials should be included in planning by considering the entire life cycle and embodied energy of the materials used. As a result, wood modification has been implemented to improve the intrinsic properties of wood, widen the range of sawn timber applications, and acquire the form and functionality desired by engineers, without bringing environmental friendliness into question. The different wood modification processes are at various stages of development, and the challenges that must be overcome to expand to industrial applications differ amongst them. In this paper, three groups of wood modification processes are discussed and exemplified with modified wood products that have been newly introduced to the market: (i) chemical processing (acetylation, furfurylation, resin impregnation etc.); (ii) thermo-hydro processing (thermal treatment); and (iii) thermo-hydro-mechanical processing (surface densification). Building on these examples, the paper will discuss the environmental impact assessment of modification processes and further development needs.</p> <h3 id="keywords"><span class="fas fa-ellipsis-v"> </span> Keywords</h3> <hr size="1"/> <p><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Chemical Treatments</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Thermo-hydro-mechanical</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">LCA</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Acetylation</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Furfurylation</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Resin Impregnation</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Environmental Impacts</a>, <a href="javascript:void(0)" class="key-link popup-marker nowrap">Densification</a></p> </div> <div class="section" id="authinfo"> <h3 class="menu-head">Authors’ Info</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <h4 class="down-border">Authors’ address</h4> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left" style="width: 30px">(1)</div> <div class="media-body"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="auth-link popup-marker" data-name="Dick Sandberg" data-cog="Sandberg" data-sub="D" data-aff="1 - Luleå University of Technology, Wood Science and Engineering, SE-931 87 Skellefteå (Sweden)" data-email="dick.sandberg@ltu.se">Dick Sandberg</a><br/>Luleå University of Technology, Wood Science and Engineering, SE-931 87 Skellefteå (Sweden)</div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left" style="width: 30px">(2)</div> <div class="media-body"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="auth-link popup-marker" data-name="Andreja Kutnar" data-cog="Kutnar" data-sub="A" data-aff="2 - University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper (Slovenia)" data-add="3 - InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola (Slovenia)">Andreja Kutnar</a><br/>University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper (Slovenia)</div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left" style="width: 30px">(3)</div> <div class="media-body"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="auth-link popup-marker" data-name="Andreja Kutnar" data-cog="Kutnar" data-sub="A" data-aff="2 - University of Primorska, Andrej Marušič Institute, Muzejski trg 2, SI-6000 Koper (Slovenia)" data-add="3 - InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola (Slovenia)">Andreja Kutnar</a><br/>InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, SI-6310 Izola (Slovenia)</div> </div> <div class="media"> <div class="media-left" style="width: 30px">(4)</div> <div class="media-body"><a href="javascript:void(0)" class="auth-link popup-marker" data-name="George Mantanis" data-cog="Mantanis" data-sub="G" data-aff="4 - TEI of Thessaly, Research Lab of Wood Science and Technology, Griva 11, GR-43100 Karditsa (Greece)">George Mantanis</a><br/>TEI of Thessaly, Research Lab of Wood Science and Technology, Griva 11, GR-43100 Karditsa (Greece)</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <h4 class="down-border">Corresponding author</h4> <div class="media" id="aff-corr"> <div class="media-left"> <i class="far fa-envelope" style="font-size: 120%"> </i> </div> <div class="media-body"> <span class="corr-link">Dick Sandberg</span> <br/> <a href="mailto:dick.sandberg@ltu.se">dick.sandberg@ltu.se</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="paperinfo"> <h3 class="menu-head">Paper Info</h3> <h4>Citation</h4> <p class="citation">Sandberg D, Kutnar A, Mantanis G (2017). Wood modification technologies - a review. iForest 10: 895-908. - doi: 10.3832/ifor2380-010</p> <h4>Academic Editor</h4> <p class="editor">Giacomo Goli</p> <h4>Paper history</h4> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <p><b>Received: </b>Jan 30, 2017<br/><b>Accepted: </b>Aug 13, 2017</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <p><b>First online: </b>Dec 01, 2017<br/><b>Publication Date: </b>Dec 31, 2017<br/><b>Publication Time: </b>3.67 months</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section" id="copyright"> <h3 class="menu-head">Copyright Information</h3> <p>© SISEF - The Italian Society of Silviculture and Forest Ecology 2017</p> <h4><span class="fas fa-lock-open"> </span> Open Access</h4> <p>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.</p> <p> <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank"> <img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png"/> </a> </p> </div> <div class="section" id="metrics"> <h3 class="menu-head">Web Metrics</h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h4>Breakdown by View Type</h4> <div id="piechart">(Waiting for server response...) <script type="text/javascript"> google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]}); 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Wood modification technologies - a review. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry 10: 895-908 (2017) .