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<span>Description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dueling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dueling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dueling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dueling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Épée</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="سيف المبارزة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيف المبارزة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%85%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Шпага (фехтовка) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Шпага (фехтовка)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espasa_(esgrima)" title="Espasa (esgrima) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Espasa (esgrima)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kord" title="Kord – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kord" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A5rde" title="Kårde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kårde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epee" title="Epee – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Epee" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espada_(esgrima)" title="Espada (esgrima) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Espada (esgrima)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spado" title="Spado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Spado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezpata_(eskrima)" title="Ezpata (eskrima) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ezpata (eskrima)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%87" title="اپه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e_(escrime)" title="Épée (escrime) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épée (escrime)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espada_(esgrima)" title="Espada (esgrima) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Espada (esgrima)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%8E%98" title="에페 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에페" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Սուսեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Épée" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spada_(sport)" title="Spada (sport) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spada (sport)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A7%D7%A8_(%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A3)" title="דקר (סיף) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דקר (סיף)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="დაშნა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაშნა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epe_(eskrim)" title="Epe (eskrim) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Epe (eskrim)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9" title="Épé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Épé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debanmertal" title="Debanmertal – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Debanmertal" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deegen" title="Deegen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Deegen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sportin%C4%97_%C5%A1paga" title="Sportinė špaga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sportinė špaga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1rbajt%C5%91r_(v%C3%ADv%C3%A1s)" title="Párbajtőr (vívás) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Párbajtőr (vívás)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degen" title="Degen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Degen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%9A" title="エペ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エペ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%87" title="ਏਪੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਏਪੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esgrima#Espada" title="Esgrima – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esgrima" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spad%C4%83" title="Spadă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spadă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Спортивная шпага – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Спортивная шпага" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Épée – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Épée" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87_(%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8)" title="Мач (спортски) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мач (спортски)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpa" title="Kalpa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kalpa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4rja" title="Värja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Värja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epe" title="Epe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Epe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%88%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Спортивна шпага – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спортивна шпага" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%8D" title="重劍 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="重劍" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%8D" title="重劍 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="重劍" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q840419#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Weapon and type of modern fencing</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the sword. For the founder of public deaf education, see <a href="/wiki/Charles-Michel_de_l%27%C3%89p%C3%A9e" title="Charles-Michel de l'Épée">Charles-Michel de l'Épée</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg/220px-Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg/330px-Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg/440px-Fencing_epee_valid_surfaces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Shown is an épée fencer, with the valid target area (the entire body) in red.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span></b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>-/</a></span></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[epe]</a></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">sword</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>), also rendered as <b>epee</b> in English, is the largest and heaviest of the three weapons used in the sport of <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>. The modern <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> derives from the 19th-century <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée de combat</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a weapon which itself derives from the French <a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">small sword</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a thrusting weapon, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> is similar to a <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fencing)" title="Foil (fencing)">foil</a> (contrasted with a <a href="/wiki/Sabre_(fencing)" title="Sabre (fencing)">sabre</a>, which is designed for slashing). It has a stiffer blade than a foil. It is triangular in cross-section with a V-shaped groove called a <a href="/wiki/Fuller_(weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuller (weapon)">fuller</a>. The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> also has a larger bell guard designed to protect the user’s arm. In addition to the larger "bell" guard and blade, the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> weighs more than the foil and sabre which contributes to its reputation of being the slowest form of fencing. The techniques of use differ, as there are no rules regarding priority and a lack of right of way. Thus, immediate counterattacks are a common feature of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencing. The entire body is a valid target area. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg/220px-Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg/330px-Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg/440px-Final_Trophee_Monal_2012_n08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="2081" /></a><figcaption>Electric épée fencing: <a href="/wiki/Diego_Confalonieri" title="Diego Confalonieri">Diego Confalonieri</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Fabian_Kauter" title="Fabian Kauter">Fabian Kauter</a> in the final of the Trophée Monal</figcaption></figure> <p>While the modern <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">sport of fencing</a> has three weapons — <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fencing)" title="Foil (fencing)">foil</a>, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>, and <a href="/wiki/Sabre_(fencing)" title="Sabre (fencing)">sabre</a>, each a separate event — the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> is the only one in which the entire body is the valid target area (the others are restricted to varying areas above the waist). The <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> is the heaviest of the three modern fencing weapons. As with all fencing disciplines, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> require concentration, accuracy, and speed. Since the entire body is a target, a successful <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencer must be able to anticipate the opponent's moves and strike the opponent at the correct time. </p><p>In the highest-level competitions, an electrically grounded (earthed) <a href="/wiki/Piste_(fencing)" title="Piste (fencing)">piste</a> is used to prevent floor hits from registering as touches. In <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencing, unlike in the other two disciplines, there are no <a href="/wiki/Fencing_practice_and_techniques#Priority_("Right_of_way")" class="mw-redirect" title="Fencing practice and techniques">right-of-way</a> rules regarding attacks, other than the aforementioned rule regarding touches with only the point of the weapon. Touches are awarded solely on the basis of which fencer makes a touch first, according to the electronic scoring machines. Also, double-touches are allowed in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>, although the touches must occur within 40 <a href="/wiki/Milliseconds" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliseconds">milliseconds</a> (<span class="nowrap">1/25</span> of a second) of each other. </p><p>A special aspect of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> discipline is the counterattack, a tactic employed in response to an attack. Some specifications include two varieties, the stop-thrust and the time thrust, which are (respectively) a simple counterattack and a counterattack on the opposition. With the absence of right-of-way, following an attack and landing a counterattack correctly can be a highly efficient way to score a touch, hence the counterattack's ubiquity in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png/500px-%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png/750px-%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png/1000px-%C3%89p%C3%A9e_complete.png 2x" data-file-width="2216" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>An electric épée with a <a href="/wiki/Grip_(sport_fencing)" title="Grip (sport fencing)">pistol grip</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A modern <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>, of size 5, for use by adult fencers has a blade that measures 90 cm (35 in) from the guard to the tip. The total weight of the weapon ready for use is less than 770 g (27 oz),<sup id="cite_ref-fie-mat_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fie-mat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with most competition weapons being much lighter, weighing 300–450 g (11–16 oz). <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Épées</i></span> for use by smaller children are shorter and lighter (e.g. size 0), making it easier for them to use. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Sword#Blade" title="Sword">blade</a> of an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> is triangular in section, whereas that of a foil is rectangular, and neither blade has a cutting edge. Wires may run down a groove in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> blades fitted for electric scoring, with a depressible button capping the point. In competitive fencing, the width of any of the three sides of an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>'s blade is limited to 24 mm (0.94 in).<sup id="cite_ref-fie-mat_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fie-mat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Hilt#Guard" title="Hilt">guard</a> has numerous forms, but all are essentially a hemispherical shield, the section of which fits in a 10–13.5 cm (3.9–5.3 in) cylinder.<sup id="cite_ref-claude-l-m_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-claude-l-m-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is frequently called a bell guard. As the hand is a valid target in competitive fencing, the guard is much larger and more protective than that of a foil, having a depth of 3–5.5 cm (1.2–2.2 in) and a diameter more likely to be toward the maximum of 13.5 cm (5.3 in).<sup id="cite_ref-fie-mat_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fie-mat-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As with a foil, the <a href="/wiki/Grip_(sport_fencing)" title="Grip (sport fencing)">grip</a> of an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> can be exchanged for another if it has a screw-on pommel. Grip options primarily include the <a href="/wiki/Grip_(sport_fencing)#French_grip" title="Grip (sport fencing)">French grip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grip_(sport_fencing)#Pistol_grip" title="Grip (sport fencing)">pistol grip</a>. </p><p>In competitions, a valid touch is scored if a fencer's weapon touches the opponent with enough <a href="/wiki/Force" title="Force">force</a> to depress the tip; by rule, this is a minimum of 750 <a href="/wiki/Kilogram-force" title="Kilogram-force">g<sub>f</sub></a> (7.4 <a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">N</a>). The tip is wired to a connector in the guard, then to an electronic scoring device or "box". The guard, blade, and handle of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> are all <a href="/wiki/Ground_(electricity)" title="Ground (electricity)">grounded</a> to the scoring box to prevent hits to the weapon from registering as touches. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg/220px-Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg/330px-Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg/440px-Italy_v_Estonia_Challenge_international_de_Saint-Maur_2013_t142226.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The referee checks <a href="/wiki/Kristina_Kuusk" title="Kristina Kuusk">Kristina Kuusk</a>'s weapon in the Challenge International de Saint-Maur.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the groove formed by the V-shaped blade, there are two thin wires leading from the far end of the blade to a connector in the guard. These wires are held in place with a strong glue. The amount of glue is kept to a minimum as in the unlikely (but possible) case that a fencer manages a touch in that glue, the touch would be registered on the electrical equipment, as the glue is not conductive (the blade is grounded). In the event of tip to tip hits, a point should not be awarded. A "<a href="/wiki/Body_cord" title="Body cord">body cord</a>" with a three-pronged plug at each end is placed underneath the fencer's clothing and attached to the connector in the guard, then to a wire leading to the scoring box. The scoring box signals with lights (one for each fencer) and a tone each time the tip is depressed. </p><p>The tip of an electric <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>, called the "button", comprises several parts: the mushroom-shaped, movable <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pointe d'arrêt</i></span> ('point of arrest') at the end; its housing or "barrel" which is threaded onto the blade; a contact spring; and a return spring. The tips are generally held in place by two small <a href="/wiki/Grub_screw" class="mw-redirect" title="Grub screw">grub screws</a>, which thread into the sides of the tip through elongated openings on either side of the barrel. The screws hold the tip within the barrel but are allowed to travel freely in the openings. While this is the most common system, screwless variations do exist. The return spring must allow the tip to support a force of 750 g<sub>f</sub> (7.4 N) without registering a touch. Finally, an épée tip must allow a <a href="/wiki/Shim_(engineering)#fencing" class="mw-redirect" title="Shim (engineering)">shim</a> of 1.5 mm (0.059 in) to be inserted between the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">pointe d'arrêt</i></span> and the barrel, and when a 0.5 mm (0.020 in) <a href="/wiki/Shim_(fencing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shim (fencing)">shim</a> is inserted and the tip depressed, it should not register a touch.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The contact spring is threaded in or out of the tip to adjust for this distance. These specifications are tested at the start of each bout during competitions. During competitions, fencers are required to have a minimum of two weapons and two body wires in case of failure or breakage. </p><p>Bouts with the different fencing weapons have a different tempo; as with foil fencing, the tempo for an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> bout is rather slow with sudden bursts of speed, but these are more common in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> due to counterattacks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dueling">Dueling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dueling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Callot_(1592-1635),_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png/220px-Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png/330px-Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png/440px-Jacques_Callot_%281592-1635%29%2C_Graveur.-_Le_duel_%C3%A0_l%27%C3%A9p%C3%A9e.png 2x" data-file-width="731" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le duel à l'épée</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Etching" title="Etching">etching</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Callot" title="Jacques Callot">Jacques Callot</a> (1617)</figcaption></figure> <p>The French word <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%A9p%C3%A9e" class="extiw" title="wikt:épée">épée</a></i></span> ultimately derives from Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/Spatha" title="Spatha">spatha</a></i></span>. The term was introduced into English in the 1880s for the sportive fencing weapon. </p><p>Like the <a href="/wiki/Foil_(fencing)" title="Foil (fencing)">foil</a> (French: <i lang="fr">fleuret</i>), the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> evolved from light <a href="/wiki/Civilian" title="Civilian">civilian</a> weapons such as the <a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">small sword</a>, which, since the late 17th century, had been the most commonly used <a href="/wiki/Dueling_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Dueling sword">dueling sword</a>, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">rapier</a>. </p><p>The dueling sword developed in the 19th century when, under pressure from the authorities, <a href="/wiki/Duel" title="Duel">duels</a> were more frequently fought until "first blood" only, instead of to the death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Under this provision, it became sufficient to inflict a minor nick on the wrist or other exposed area on the opponent in order to win the duel. This resulted in emphasis on light touches to the arm and hand, while downplaying hits to the torso (chest, back, groin). Rapiers with full-cup guards had been made since the mid 17th century, but were not widespread before the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Today, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencing somewhat resembles 19th-century dueling. An <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencer must hit the target with the tip of the weapon. A difference between <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> versus both foil and sabre is that <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">corps-à-corps</i></span> (body-to-body) contact between fencers is not necessarily an offense in <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span>, unless it is done with "brutality or violence". </p><p>In the pre-electric era, <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencers used a different kind of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">point d'arrêt</i></span>, a three-pronged point with small protruding spikes, which would snag on the opponent's clothing or mask, helping the referee to see the hits. The spikes caused <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencing to be a notoriously painful affair, and <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">épée</i></span> fencers could be easily recognized by the tears in their jacket sleeves. A later evolution of the sport used a point that was dipped in a dye, which showed the location of touches on a white uniform; the dye was soluble in weak acid (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a>) to remove old marks.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, competition is done with electric weapons, where a circuit is closed when the touch is made. Non-electric weapons are now typically used only for practice, generally fitted with plastic buttons or solid "dummy points". </p><p>In 2007, MIT fencing coach <a href="/wiki/Eric_Sollee" title="Eric Sollee">Eric Sollee</a> and his student <a href="/wiki/Johan_Harmenberg" title="Johan Harmenberg">Johan Harmenberg</a> authored a book that explored a line of tactical thought that diverged from fencing styles established in the 1970s and 1980s. Harmenberg won the <a href="/wiki/World_Fencing_Championships" title="World Fencing Championships">World Fencing Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_gold_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic gold medal">Olympic gold medal</a> using this strategic approach, built on what he called the "Sollee conjectures" or the "three conjectures":<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Is it possible for the fencer with the lower technical ability to decide the technical level at which a bout will be fought?</li> <li>Can the fencer with the shorter fencing distance control the distance in a bout?</li> <li>Is it possible to force one's opponent into your own area of greatest strength?</li></ol> <p>They credited the system for helping Harmenberg close the fencing distance, use <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_fencing_terms#A" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of fencing terms">absence of blade</a> with destructive parries to prevent opponents from their own strongest moves, and pushing them into attacking high – a prerequisite for Harmenberg using his own strongest move. Harmenberg used this approach to win eight individual and team <a href="/wiki/Gold_medal" title="Gold medal">gold medals</a> at <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympics</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Fencing_Championships" title="World Fencing Championships">World Fencing Championships</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fencing_World_Cup" title="Fencing World Cup">Fencing World Cup</a> competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Colichemarde" title="Colichemarde">Colichemarde</a></i></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEvangelista1995" class="citation book cs1">Evangelista, Nick (1995). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Sword</i>. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 208.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Sword&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Evangelista&rft.aufirst=Nick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Épée-de-Combat"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/%C3%89p%C3%A9e-de-Combat">"Épée-de-Combat" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">667–</span>669.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%C3%89p%C3%A9e-de-Combat&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E667-%3C%2Fspan%3E669&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span> This contains a detailed contempraneous description of the history and form of the sport.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fie-mat-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fie-mat_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fie-mat_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fie-mat_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.fie.org/uploads/20/101379-book%20m%20ang.pdf"><i>Book 3: Material Rules</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Rules for Competitions. FIE International Fencing Federation. Dec 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+3%3A+Material+Rules&rft.series=Rules+for+Competitions&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&rft.pub=FIE+International+Fencing+Federation&rft.date=2018-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatic.fie.org%2Fuploads%2F20%2F101379-book%2520m%2520ang.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-claude-l-m-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-claude-l-m_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFle_Marche1898" class="citation web cs1">le Marche, Claude (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.benjaminarms.com/research/fencing-sword-specifications/french-epee-specifications/">"L'Épée"</a>. Paris: Marpon & Flammarion<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span> – via <i>BenjaminArms.com</i>, "French Epee Specifications". <q>Les formes en sont assez nombreuses, mais toutes se ramenent a un segment de sphere dont la section couvrirait une surface arrondie de 10 a 14 centimetres de diametre; la profondeur est generalement de 3 a 5 centimetres.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%89p%C3%A9e&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Marpon+%26+Flammarion&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=le+Marche&rft.aufirst=Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.benjaminarms.com%2Fresearch%2Ffencing-sword-specifications%2Ffrench-epee-specifications%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The original book is a valid source, but some sword vendor's shopping site is a not a valid source for an online copy of the allegedly quoted material. (February 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGarretKaidanovPezza1994" class="citation book cs1">Garret, Maxwell R.; Kaidanov, Emmanuil G.; Pezza, Gil A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vScblzdeIiQC&q=shim+fencing&pg=PA178"><i>Foil, Saber, and Épée Fencing: Skills, Safety, Operations, and Responsibilities</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_University_Press" title="Penn State University Press">Penn State University Press</a>. p. 178. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0271010193" title="Special:BookSources/0271010193"><bdi>0271010193</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foil%2C+Saber%2C+and+%C3%89p%C3%A9e+Fencing%3A+Skills%2C+Safety%2C+Operations%2C+and+Responsibilities&rft.pages=178&rft.pub=Penn+State+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0271010193&rft.aulast=Garret&rft.aufirst=Maxwell+R.&rft.au=Kaidanov%2C+Emmanuil+G.&rft.au=Pezza%2C+Gil+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvScblzdeIiQC%26q%3Dshim%2Bfencing%26pg%3DPA178&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCohen2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cohen_(fencer)" title="Richard Cohen (fencer)">Cohen, Richard</a> (2002). <i>By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers, and Olympic Champions</i>. Random House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50417-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-50417-4"><bdi>978-0-375-50417-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+the+Sword%3A+A+History+of+Gladiators%2C+Musketeers%2C+Samurai%2C+Swashbucklers%2C+and+Olympic+Champions&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-375-50417-4&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span> Re-issued from original Modern Library Paperbacks edition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPingreeHarmenberg2014" class="citation book cs1">Pingree, Geoff; Harmenberg, Johan (October 2014). "Eric Sollee and the Three Conjectures / Johan: The Three Conjectures". In Harmenberg, Johan (ed.). <i>Épée 2.5: The New Paradigm Revised and Augmented</i>. SKA SwordPlay Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0985444181" title="Special:BookSources/978-0985444181"><bdi>978-0985444181</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Eric+Sollee+and+the+Three+Conjectures+%2F+Johan%3A+The+Three+Conjectures&rft.btitle=%C3%89p%C3%A9e+2.5%3A+The+New+Paradigm+Revised+and+Augmented&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=SKA+SwordPlay+Books&rft.date=2014-10&rft.isbn=978-0985444181&rft.aulast=Pingree&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Harmenberg%2C+Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%89p%C3%A9e" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harmenberg, et al. (2014), <i>Epee 2.5</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89p%C3%A9e&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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(sport fencing)">Grip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fencers" title="List of fencers">List of fencers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_fight" title="Knife fight">Knife fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-sword" title="Half-sword">Half-sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueling_scar" title="Dueling scar">Dueling scar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_manual" title="Martial arts manual">Martial arts manual</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fencing" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Fencing">Commons category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_fencing" title="Outline of fencing">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sword_types_and_classifications_by_region_and_historical_era682" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swords_by_region" title="Template:Swords by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swords_by_region" title="Template talk:Swords by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swords_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swords by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sword_types_and_classifications_by_region_and_historical_era682" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_swords" title="Types of swords">Sword types</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords" title="Classification of swords">classifications</a> by region and <a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_swords" title="List of historical swords">historical era</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swordsmanship" title="Swordsmanship">Swordsmanship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Edgeless_and_Thrusting_swords" title="Classification of swords">Thrusting swords (Edgeless)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Single-edge_and_Curved_swords" title="Classification of swords">Curved swords (Single-edge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classification_of_swords#Double-edge_and_straight_swords" title="Classification of swords">Straight swords (Double-edge)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe" title="Harpe">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladius" title="Gladius">Gladius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhaira" title="Makhaira">Makhaira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spatha" title="Spatha">Spatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sica" title="Sica">Sica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomphaia" title="Rhomphaia">Rhomphaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falx" title="Falx">Falx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period_sword" title="Migration Period sword">Migration Period sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_sword" title="Viking sword">Viking sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knightly_sword" title="Knightly sword">Arming sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longsword" title="Longsword">Longsword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claymore" title="Claymore">Claymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falchion" title="Falchion">Falchion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zweih%C3%A4nder" title="Zweihänder">Zweihänder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spada_da_lato" title="Spada da lato">Spada da lato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katzbalger" title="Katzbalger">Katzbalger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinquedea" title="Cinquedea">Cinquedea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estoc" title="Estoc">Estoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espada_ropera" class="mw-redirect" title="Espada ropera">Espada ropera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_degen" title="Swiss degen">Swiss degen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colhona" class="mw-redirect" title="Colhona">Colhona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karabela" title="Karabela">Karabela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history#Late_modern_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern history">Late modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rapier" title="Rapier">Rapier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabre" title="Sabre">Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutlass" title="Cutlass">Cutlass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket-hilted_sword" title="Basket-hilted sword">Basket-hilted sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_sword" title="Small sword">Small sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_sword" title="Hunting sword">Hunting sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistol_sword" title="Pistol sword">Pistol sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashka" title="Shashka">Shashka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spadroon" title="Spadroon">Spadroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_bayonet" title="Sword bayonet">Sword bayonet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_sword" title="Chinese sword">China</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jian" title="Jian">Jian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)"> Dao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hook_sword" title="Hook sword">Hook sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanmadao" title="Zhanmadao">Zhanmadao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ming – Qing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyedao" title="Liuyedao">Liuyedao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodao" title="Wodao">Wodao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changdao" title="Changdao">Changdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanmaodao" title="Yanmaodao">Yanmaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dao_(Chinese_sword)" title="Dao (Chinese sword)">Dadao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miaodao" title="Miaodao">Miaodao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Korean_sword" title="Korean sword">Korea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bronze Age – Gojoseon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iron Age – Three Kingdom Era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hwandudaedo" title="Hwandudaedo">Hwandudaedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Goryeo and Joseon era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonguk_geom" title="Bonguk geom">Bonguk geom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wungeom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wungeom (page does not exist)">Wungeom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Four_Tiger_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Four Tiger Sword (page does not exist)">Four Tiger Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yayoi – Nara periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chokut%C5%8D" title="Chokutō">Chokutō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsurugi_(sword)" title="Tsurugi (sword)">Tsurugi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heian – Kamakura periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tachi" title="Tachi">Tachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cdachi" title="Ōdachi">Ōdachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachi" title="Kodachi">Kodachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagamaki" title="Nagamaki">Nagamaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tant%C5%8D" title="Tantō">Tantō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Muromachi – Edo periods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wakizashi" title="Wakizashi">Wakizashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katana" title="Katana">Katana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Meiji period and beyond</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gunt%C5%8D" title="Guntō">Guntō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iait%C5%8D" title="Iaitō">Iaitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninjat%C5%8D" title="Ninjatō">Ninjatō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikomizue" class="mw-redirect" title="Shikomizue">Shikomizue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indian_sword" title="Indian sword">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khanda_(sword)" title="Khanda (sword)">Khanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urumi" title="Urumi">Urumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruval" title="Aruval">Aruval</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval and modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_(sword)" title="Firangi (sword)">Firangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kastane" title="Kastane">Kastane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talwar" title="Talwar">Talwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulwar" title="Pulwar">Pulwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayamkulam_vaal" title="Kayamkulam vaal">Kayamkulam vaal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pata_(sword)" title="Pata (sword)">Pata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western and<br />Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prehistory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword" title="Bronze Age sword">Bronze Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khopesh" title="Khopesh">Khopesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_history" title="Ancient history">Ancient period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age_sword" title="Iron Age sword">Iron Age sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acinaces" title="Acinaces">Acinaces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parthian_Long_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parthian Long Sword (page does not exist)">Parthian Long Sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiphos" title="Xiphos">Xiphos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopis" title="Kopis">Kopis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Falcata" title="Falcata">Falcata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasanian_Sword&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasanian Sword (page does not exist)">Sasanian Sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Post-classical_history" title="Post-classical history">Post-classical period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_sword" title="Arab sword">Arab sword</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scimitar" title="Scimitar">Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamshir" title="Shamshir">Shamshir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilij" title="Kilij">Kilij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turko-Mongol_sabers" class="mw-redirect" title="Turko-Mongol sabers">Turko-Mongol Sabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatagan" title="Yatagan">Yatagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mameluke_sword" title="Mameluke sword">Mameluke sword</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qama" title="Qama">Qama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kindjal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindjal">Kindjal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indonesian_Weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Indonesian Weapons">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandau_(knife)" title="Mandau (knife)">Mandau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niabor" title="Niabor">Niabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balato_(sword)" title="Balato (sword)">Balato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(sword)" title="Gari (sword)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surik_(sword)" title="Surik (sword)">Surik</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keris_bahari" title="Keris bahari">Keris bahari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klewang" title="Klewang">Klewang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langgai_Tinggang" title="Langgai Tinggang">Langgai Tinggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_Nabur" title="Parang Nabur">Parang Nabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikin_Panjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikin Panjang">Sikin Panjang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Template:Filipino_weapons" title="Template:Filipino weapons">Philippines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balasiong" title="Balasiong">Balasiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangkung" title="Bangkung">Bangkung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banyal" title="Banyal">Banyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barong_(sword)" title="Barong (sword)">Barong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batangas_sword" class="mw-redirect" title="Batangas sword">Batangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicuco" title="Bicuco">Bicuco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binagong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binagong (page does not exist)">Binagong</a> (Binangon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolo_knife" title="Bolo knife">Bolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahong_palay" title="Dahong palay">Dahong palay</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garab_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Garab (sword) (page does not exist)">Garab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayang" title="Gayang">Gayang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginunting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginunting (page does not exist)">Ginunting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golok" title="Golok">Gulok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampilan" title="Kampilan">Kampilan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalis" title="Kalis">Kalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karambit" title="Karambit">Karambit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahot" title="Lahot">Lahot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laring" title="Laring">Laring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panabas" title="Panabas">Panabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parang_(knife)" title="Parang (knife)">Parang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirah" title="Pirah">Pirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinuti">Pinuti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanduko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanduko (page does not exist)">Sanduko</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sansibar_(sword)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sansibar (sword) (page does not exist)">Sansibar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundang">Sundang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susuwat" title="Susuwat">Susuwat</a></li> <li><a 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