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id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Folk_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Folk medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FDA_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FDA_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>FDA classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FDA_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Folk_magic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Folk_magic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Folk magic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Folk_magic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Insect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Insect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Cymbopogon</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheue" title="Rheue – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Rheue" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitroengras" title="Sitroengras – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sitroengras" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%B0%D8%AE%D8%B1" title="إذخر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إذخر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saray" title="Saray – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Saray" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лимонова трева – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лимонова трева" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanglad_(balili)" title="Tanglad (balili) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tanglad (balili)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemonwellt" title="Lemonwellt – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lemonwellt" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuka%C9%A3ili" title="Fukaɣili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Fukaɣili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrongr%C3%A6s" title="Citrongræs – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Citrongræs" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitronengr%C3%A4ser" title="Zitronengräser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zitronengräser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidrunhein" title="Sidrunhein – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sidrunhein" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="علف لیمو (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="علف لیمو (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%86%94%EC%83%88%EC%86%8D" title="개솔새속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개솔새속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="नीबू घास – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीबू घास" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limunska_trava" title="Limunska trava – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Limunska trava" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADtr%C3%B3nugras" title="Sítrónugras – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sítrónugras" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%A9%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9F" title="עשב לימון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עשב לימון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mchaichai" title="Mchaichai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mchaichai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitwon%C3%A8l" title="Sitwonèl – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Sitwonèl" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrin%C5%BEol%C4%97" title="Citrinžolė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Citrinžolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Лимонова трева – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лимонова трева" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeng%C4%81r%C5%8D" title="Moengārō – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Moengārō" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serai_makan" title="Serai makan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serai makan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%AB%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="စပါးလင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပါးလင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citroengras_(geslacht)" title="Citroengras (geslacht) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Citroengras (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A4%E5%B1%9E" title="オガルカヤ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オガルカヤ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitrongress" title="Sitrongress – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sitrongress" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="لیمن گراس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیمن گراس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%83" title="ស្លឹកគ្រៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស្លឹកគ្រៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palczatka" title="Palczatka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Palczatka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citronel%C4%83" title="Citronelă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Citronelă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цимбопогон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цимбопогон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/kusuy" title="kusuy – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="kusuy" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="शतवेधी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शतवेधी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%BB" title="සේර – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සේර" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%BE" title="سائي چانھ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سائي چانھ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цимбопогон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Цимбопогон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9r%C3%A9h" title="Séréh – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Séréh" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitrushein%C3%A4t" title="Sitrusheinät – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sitrusheinät" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrongr%C3%A4ssl%C3%A4ktet" title="Citrongrässläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Citrongrässläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="எலுமிச்சைப் புல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எலுமிச்சைப் புல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF" title="నిమ్మగడ్డి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నిమ్మగడ్డి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moeng%C4%81l%C5%8D" title="Moengālō – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Moengālō" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Цимбопогон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цимбопогон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_S%E1%BA%A3" title="Chi Sả – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Sả" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cymbopogon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8C%85" title="香茅 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="香茅" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8C%85" title="香茅 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="香茅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%8C%85" title="香茅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="香茅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serai" title="Serai – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Serai" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lemongrass&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemongrass">Lemongrass</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of grasses</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Lemongrass" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lemongrass_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lemongrass (disambiguation)">Lemongrass (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Lemongrass </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG/220px-YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG/330px-YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG/440px-YosriNov04Pokok_Serai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus" title="Cymbopogon citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Cymbopogon" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poales" title="Poales">Poales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panicoideae" title="Panicoideae">Panicoideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Supertribe: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andropogonodae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andropogonodae (page does not exist)">Andropogonodae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Andropogoneae" title="Andropogoneae">Andropogoneae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subtribe: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andropogoninae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andropogoninae (page does not exist)">Andropogoninae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Cymbopogon</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Sprengel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Sprengel">Spreng.</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_schoenanthus" title="Cymbopogon schoenanthus">Cymbopogon schoenanthus</a></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Sprengel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Sprengel">Spreng.</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-y_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>Andropogon</i> sect. <i>Cymbopogon</i> <small>(Spreng.) Steud.</small></li> <li><i>Andropogon</i> subg. <i>Cymbopogon</i> <small>(Spreng.) Nees</small></li> <li><i>Gymnanthelia</i> <small>Andersson</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Cymbopogon</b></i>, also known as <b>lemongrass</b>, <b>barbed wire grass</b>, <b>silky heads</b>, <b>oily heads</b>, <b>Cochin grass</b>, <b>Malabar grass</b>, <b>citronella grass</b> or <b>fever grass</b>, is a genus of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australian</a>, and tropical island plants in the <a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">grass family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ayman_M_2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayman_M_2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some species (particularly <i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus" title="Cymbopogon citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</a></i>) are commonly cultivated as culinary and medicinal herbs because of their scent, resembling that of <a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">lemons</a> (<i>Citrus limon</i>). The name <i>Cymbopogon</i> derives from the Greek words <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">kymbe</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κύμβη</span></span>, 'boat') and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">pogon</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">πώγων</span></span>, 'beard') "which mean [that] in most species, the hairy spikelets project from boat-shaped spathes."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemongrass and its oil are believed to possess therapeutic properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayman_M_2021_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayman_M_2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Citronella grass (<i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_nardus" title="Cymbopogon nardus">Cymbopogon nardus</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_winterianus" title="Cymbopogon winterianus">Cymbopogon winterianus</a></i>) grow to about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2 metres (<span class="frac">6<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft) and have magenta-colored base stems. These species are used for the production of <a href="/wiki/Citronella_oil" title="Citronella oil">citronella oil</a>, which is used in soaps, as an <a href="/wiki/Insect_repellent" title="Insect repellent">insect repellent</a> (especially mosquitoes and houseflies) in insect sprays and candles, and aromatherapy. The principal chemical constituents of citronella, <a href="/wiki/Geraniol" title="Geraniol">geraniol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Citronellol" title="Citronellol">citronellol</a>, are <a href="/wiki/Antiseptic" title="Antiseptic">antiseptics</a>, hence their use in household disinfectants and soaps. Besides oil production, citronella grass is also used for culinary purposes as a flavoring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Culinary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg/220px-Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg/330px-Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg/440px-Cymbopogon_citratus_leaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><i>C. citratus</i> from the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, where it is locally known as <i>tanglad</i></figcaption></figure> <p>East Indian lemongrass (<i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_flexuosus" title="Cymbopogon flexuosus">Cymbopogon flexuosus</a></i>), also called Cochin grass or Malabar grass, is native to <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, while West Indian lemongrass (<i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus" title="Cymbopogon citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</a></i>) is native to <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">maritime Southeast Asia</a>. While both can be used interchangeably, <i>C. citratus</i> is more suitable for cooking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Folk_medicine">Folk medicine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Folk medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, <i>C. citratus</i> is used as a medical herb and in perfumes. <i>C. citratus</i> is consumed as a tea for anxiety in Brazilian folk medicine,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but a study in humans found no effect.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tea caused a recurrence of <a href="/wiki/Contact_dermatitis" title="Contact dermatitis">contact dermatitis</a> in one case.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Samoa" title="Samoa">Samoans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tongans</a> use mashed <i>C. citratus</i> (called <i>moegalo</i> and <i>moengālō</i> respectively) leaves as a traditional remedy for oral infections.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="FDA_classification">FDA classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: FDA classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lemongrass essential oil has been declared <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a> in food by the United States <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">Food and Drug Administration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Folk_magic">Folk magic</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Folk magic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(folk_magic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoodoo (folk magic)">Hoodoo</a>, lemongrass is the primary ingredient of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Van_van_oil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Van van oil (page does not exist)">van van oil</a>, one of the most popular oils used in conjure.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lemongrass is used in this preparation and on its own in hoodoo to protect against evil, spiritually clean a house, and to bring good luck in love affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Insect">Insect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Insect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Beekeeping" title="Beekeeping">beekeeping</a>, lemongrass oil imitates the <a href="/wiki/Pheromone" title="Pheromone">pheromone</a> emitted by a <a href="/wiki/Honeybee" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeybee">honeybee</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nasonov_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasonov gland">Nasonov gland</a> to attract bees to a hive or a swarm.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Species in the genus include:<sup id="cite_ref-y_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_ambiguus" title="Cymbopogon ambiguus">Cymbopogon ambiguus</a></i> (Australian lemon-scented grass) – Australia, Timor</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_annamensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon annamensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon annamensis</a></i> – Yunnan, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_bhutanicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon bhutanicus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon bhutanicus</a></i> – Bhutan</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_bombycinus" title="Cymbopogon bombycinus">Cymbopogon bombycinus</a></i> silky oilgrass – Australia</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_caesius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon caesius (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon caesius</a></i> – Sub-Saharan Africa, Indian Subcontinent, Yemen, Afghanistan, Madagascar, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_calcicola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon calcicola (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon calcicola</a></i> – Thailand, <a href="/wiki/Kedah" title="Kedah">Kedah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_calciphilus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon calciphilus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon calciphilus</a></i> – Thailand</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_cambogiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon cambogiensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon cambogiensis</a></i> – Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_citratus" title="Cymbopogon citratus">Cymbopogon citratus</a></i> (lemon grass or West Indian lemon grass) – Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_clandestinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon clandestinus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon clandestinus</a></i> – Thailand, Myanmar, <a href="/wiki/Andaman_Islands" title="Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_coloratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon coloratus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon coloratus</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>, Myanmar, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_commutatus" title="Cymbopogon commutatus">Cymbopogon commutatus</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahel</a>, East Africa, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Pakistan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_densiflorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon densiflorus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon densiflorus</a></i> – central + south-central Africa</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_dependens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon dependens (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon dependens</a></i> – Australia</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_dieterlenii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon dieterlenii (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon dieterlenii</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, Namibia, South Africa</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_distans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon distans (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon distans</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, Tibet, Yunnan, Nepal, northern Pakistan, Jammu & Kashmir</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_exsertus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon exsertus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon exsertus</a></i> – Nepal, Assam</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_flexuosus" title="Cymbopogon flexuosus">Cymbopogon flexuosus</a></i> (East Indian lemon grass) – Indian Subcontinent, Indochina</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_gidarba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon gidarba (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon gidarba</a></i> – Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Yunnan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_giganteus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon giganteus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon giganteus</a></i> – Africa, Madagascar</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_globosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon globosus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon globosus</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a>, New Guinea, Queensland</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_goeringii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon goeringii (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon goeringii</a></i> – China, Korea, Japan incl Ryukyu Islands, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_gratus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon gratus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon gratus</a></i> – Queensland</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_jwarancusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon jwarancusa (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon jwarancusa</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a>, Turkey, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Indian Subcontinent, Tibet, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_khasianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon khasianus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon khasianus</a></i> – Yunnan, Guangxi, Assam, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_liangshanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon liangshanensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon liangshanensis</a></i> – Sichuan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_mandalaiaensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon mandalaiaensis</a></i> – Myanmar</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_marginatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon marginatus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon marginatus</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Cape_Province" title="Cape Province">Cape Province</a> of South Africa</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_martinii" title="Cymbopogon martinii">Cymbopogon martini</a></i> (palmarosa) – Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_mekongensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon mekongensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon mekongensis</a></i> – China, Indochina</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_microstachys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon microstachys (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon microstachys</a></i> Indian Subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand, Yunnan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_microthecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon microthecus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon microthecus</a></i> – Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, West Bengal, Bangladesh</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_minor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon minor (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon minor</a></i> – Yunnan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_minutiflorus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon minutiflorus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon minutiflorus</a></i> – Sulawesi</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_nardus" title="Cymbopogon nardus">Cymbopogon nardus</a></i> (citronella grass) – Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, central + southern Africa, Madagascar, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_nervatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon nervatus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon nervatus</a></i> – Myanmar, Thailand, central Africa</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_obtectus" title="Cymbopogon obtectus">Cymbopogon obtectus</a></i> Silky-heads – Australia</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_osmastonii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon osmastonii (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon osmastonii</a></i> – India, Bangladesh</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_pendulus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon pendulus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon pendulus</a></i> – Yunnan, eastern Himalayas, Myanmar, Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_polyneuros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon polyneuros (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon polyneuros</a></i> – Tamil Nadu, Sri Lanka, Myanmar</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_pospischilii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon pospischilii (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon pospischilii</a></i> – eastern + southern Africa, Oman, Yemen, Himalayas, Tibet, Yunnan</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_procerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon procerus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon procerus</a></i> – Australia, New Guinea, <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Sunda_Islands" title="Lesser Sunda Islands">Lesser Sunda Islands</a>, Sulawesi</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_pruinosus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon pruinosus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon pruinosus</a></i> – islands of Indian Ocean</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_queenslandicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon queenslandicus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon queenslandicus</a></i> – Queensland</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_quinhonensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon quinhonensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon quinhonensis</a></i> – Vietnam</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_rectus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon rectus (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon rectus</a></i> – Lesser Sunda Islands, Java</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_refractus" title="Cymbopogon refractus">Cymbopogon refractus</a></i> (barbed wire grass) – Australia incl <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_Island" title="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_schoenanthus" title="Cymbopogon schoenanthus">Cymbopogon schoenanthus</a></i> (camel hay or camel grass) – Sahara, Sahel, eastern Africa, Arabian Peninsular, Iran</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_tortilis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon tortilis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon tortilis</a></i> – China incl Taiwan, <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a> + <a href="/wiki/Bonin_Islands" title="Bonin Islands">Bonin Is</a>, Philippines, Vietnam, <a href="/wiki/Maluku_(province)" title="Maluku (province)">Maluku</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_tungmaiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon tungmaiensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon tungmaiensis</a></i> – Sichuan, Tibet, Yunnan</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon_winterianus" title="Cymbopogon winterianus">Cymbopogon winterianus</a></i> (Java citronella, citronella grass) – Borneo, Java, Sumatra</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon_xichangensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cymbopogon xichangensis (page does not exist)">Cymbopogon xichangensis</a></i> – Sichuan</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Formerly included<sup id="cite_ref-y_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-y-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dt></dl> <p>Numerous species are now regarded as better suited to other genera, including <i><a href="/wiki/Andropogon" title="Andropogon">Andropogon</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Exotheca" title="Exotheca">Exotheca</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hyparrhenia" title="Hyparrhenia">Hyparrhenia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Iseilema" title="Iseilema">Iseilema</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Schizachyrium" title="Schizachyrium">Schizachyrium</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Themeda" title="Themeda">Themeda</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 978px;padding:0px;border:0px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serai.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lemongrass at a market"><img alt="Lemongrass at a market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Serai.jpg/120px-Serai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Serai.jpg/180px-Serai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Serai.jpg/240px-Serai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lemongrass at a market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prepared lemongrass"><img alt="Prepared lemongrass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/120px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/180px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG/240px-Prepared_lemon_grass.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="996" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prepared lemongrass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LemongrassEssOil.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil in clear glass vial"><img alt="Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil in clear glass vial" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/LemongrassEssOil.png/80px-LemongrassEssOil.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/LemongrassEssOil.png/120px-LemongrassEssOil.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/LemongrassEssOil.png/161px-LemongrassEssOil.png 2x" data-file-width="857" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lemongrass (<i>Cymbopogon flexuosus</i>) essential oil in clear glass vial</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yam_thale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thai yam takhrai kung sot (ยำตะไคร้กุ้งสด), a salad (yam) made with prawns and finely sliced fresh lemongrass"><img alt="Thai yam takhrai kung sot (ยำตะไคร้กุ้งสด), a salad (yam) made with prawns and finely sliced fresh lemongrass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yam_thale.jpg/120px-Yam_thale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yam_thale.jpg/180px-Yam_thale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Yam_thale.jpg/240px-Yam_thale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1272" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a> <span title="Thai-language text"><i lang="th-Latn">yam takhrai kung sot</i></span> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">ยำตะไคร้กุ้งสด</span></span>), a salad (<a href="/wiki/Thai_salads" title="Thai salads"><i>yam</i></a>) made with prawns and finely sliced fresh lemongrass</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A knot of lemongrass used to impart fragrance in dinuguan (Filipino pork blood stew)"><img alt="A knot of lemongrass used to impart fragrance in dinuguan (Filipino pork blood stew)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg/120px-Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg/180px-Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg/240px-Dinuguan_made_with_choice_pork_cuts_and_spiced_with_lemongrass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2916" data-file-height="2108" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A knot of lemongrass used to impart fragrance in <i><a href="/wiki/Dinuguan" title="Dinuguan">dinuguan</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the Philippines">Filipino</a> <a href="/wiki/Pork_blood" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork blood">pork blood</a> stew) </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LEMON_GRASS_(8313631600).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Knots of lemongrass ready for use in Filipino cuisine"><img alt="Knots of lemongrass ready for use in Filipino cuisine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg/120px-LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg/180px-LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg/240px-LEMON_GRASS_%288313631600%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3004" data-file-height="1998" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Knots of lemongrass ready for use in <a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino cuisine</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprengel, Curt (Kurt, Curtius) Polycarp Joachim 1815. Plantarum Minus Cognitarum Pugillus 2: 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & P. Wilson, Bot. 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Dermatol</i>. <b>43</b> (3): 211–3. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1440-0960.2002.00598.x">10.1046/j.1440-0960.2002.00598.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12121401">12121401</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46674505">46674505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australas.+J.+Dermatol.&rft.atitle=Allergic+contact+dermatitis+following+exposure+to+essential+oils&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=211-3&rft.date=2002-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A46674505%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12121401&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1440-0960.2002.00598.x&rft.aulast=Bleasel&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Tate%2C+B&rft.au=Rademaker%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Samoan Medicinal Plants and Their Usage</i>. ADAP Project. 2001. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931435-27-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-931435-27-8"><bdi>1-931435-27-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Samoan+Medicinal+Plants+and+Their+Usage&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=ADAP+Project&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-931435-27-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhistler1991" class="citation journal cs1">Whistler, W. Arthur (Mar 1991). "Herbal Medicine in the Kingdom of Tonga". <i>Journal of Ethnopharmacology</i>. <b>31</b> (3): 367. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0378-8741%2891%2990020-E">10.1016/0378-8741(91)90020-E</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2056762">2056762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ethnopharmacology&rft.atitle=Herbal+Medicine+in+the+Kingdom+of+Tonga&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367&rft.date=1991-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0378-8741%2891%2990020-E&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2056762&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=W.+Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBakerGrant2018" class="citation report cs1">Baker, Brian P.; Grant, Jennifer A. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1813/56130">Lemongrass Oil Profile</a> (Report). Geneva, New York: New York State Integrated Pest Management, <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1813%2F56130">1813/56130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Lemongrass+Oil+Profile&rft.place=Geneva%2C+New+York&rft.pub=New+York+State+Integrated+Pest+Management%2C+Cornell+University&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1813%2F56130&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Brian+P.&rft.au=Grant%2C+Jennifer+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F1813%2F56130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreer2016" class="citation book cs1">Greer, John Michael (2016). <i>The New Encyclopedia of the Occult</i> (First ed.). Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Publications. p. 500. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56718-336-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56718-336-8"><bdi>978-1-56718-336-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Encyclopedia+of+the+Occult&rft.place=Woodbury%2C+MN&rft.pages=500&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Llewellyn+Publications&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-56718-336-8&rft.aulast=Greer&rft.aufirst=John+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYronwode2002" class="citation book cs1">Yronwode, Catherine (2002). <i>Hoodoo Herb and Root Magic: A Materia Magica of African-American Conjure</i>. Forestville, California: Lucky Mojo Curio Company. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9719612-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9719612-0-3"><bdi>978-0-9719612-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hoodoo+Herb+and+Root+Magic%3A+A+Materia+Magica+of+African-American+Conjure&rft.place=Forestville%2C+California&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=Lucky+Mojo+Curio+Company&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-9719612-0-3&rft.aulast=Yronwode&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cymbopogon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cymbopogon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Cymbopogon">Cymbopogon</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhila2010" class="citation book cs1">Akhila, Anand (2010). <i>Essential Oil-Bearing Grasses - The genus </i>Cymbopogon<i><span></span></i>. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-7857-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-7857-7"><bdi>978-0-8493-7857-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential+Oil-Bearing+Grasses+-+The+genus+Cymbopogon&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-7857-7&rft.aulast=Akhila&rft.aufirst=Anand&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACymbopogon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star anise">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cymbopogon</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5727732" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5727732">Q5727732</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cymbopogon" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Cymbopogon">Cymbopogon</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/189896">189896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/93537">93537</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=204898">204898</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VWNJ">8VWNJ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/State_Herbarium_of_South_Australia" title="State Herbarium of South Australia">eFloraSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Cymbopogon">Cymbopogon</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/108131">108131</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1CYGG">1CYGG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/FloraBase" title="FloraBase">FloraBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/20983">20983</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=108952">108952</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=108952">108952</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2705264">2705264</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/GrassBase" title="GrassBase">GrassBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db/www/gen00162">gen00162</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomygenus.aspx?id=3274">3274</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/54494">54494</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/17833-1">17833-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1055760">1055760</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41611">41611</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NHMSYS0021314197">NHMSYS0021314197</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=66013">66013</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/ecca70b2-b67f-4316-8b79-b3bf533cc1de">ecca70b2-b67f-4316-8b79-b3bf533cc1de</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=443892">443892</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/CYMBO">CYMBO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A17833-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17833-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/40019852">40019852</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Herbarium_of_Victoria" title="National Herbarium of Victoria">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/3a38d70f-eeab-4806-8cc6-afb8a510213f">3a38d70f-eeab-4806-8cc6-afb8a510213f</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-4000010376">wfo-4000010376</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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