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id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-名稱" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#名稱"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>名稱</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-名稱-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-戰後（1945年至今）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#戰後（1945年至今）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>戰後（1945年至今）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-戰後（1945年至今）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-去殖民化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#去殖民化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>去殖民化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-去殖民化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-歐洲區荷蘭" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲區荷蘭"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>歐洲區荷蘭</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歐洲區荷蘭-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-洪水" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#洪水"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>洪水</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-洪水-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-荷蘭加勒比區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#荷蘭加勒比區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>荷蘭加勒比區</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-荷蘭加勒比區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-政治" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>政治</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-政治-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关政治子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-政治-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政黨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政黨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>政黨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政黨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-行政区划" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#行政区划"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>行政区划</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-行政区划-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-省份" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#省份"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>省份</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-省份-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-市鎮" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#市鎮"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>市鎮</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-市鎮-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-公共实体（加勒比海部分）" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#公共实体（加勒比海部分）"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>公共实体（加勒比海部分）</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-公共实体（加勒比海部分）-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>外交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軍事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軍事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>軍事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軍事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>经济</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-经济-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关经济子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-综述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#综述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>综述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-综述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-工业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#工业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>工业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-工业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-农业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#农业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>农业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-农业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-服务业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#服务业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>服务业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-服务业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-旅游业" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#旅游业"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>旅游业</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-旅游业-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对外贸易" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对外贸易"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>对外贸易</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对外贸易-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-交通运输" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#交通运输"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>交通运输</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-交通运输-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关交通运输子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-交通运输-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鐵公路" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鐵公路"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>鐵公路</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鐵公路-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自行車" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自行車"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>自行車</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自行車-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水運" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水運"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>水運</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水運-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-航空" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#航空"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>航空</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-航空-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-通訊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#通訊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>通訊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-通訊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人口和社会" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口和社会"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>人口和社会</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人口和社会-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关人口和社会子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-人口和社会-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-人口" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人口"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>人口</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-人口-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宗教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宗教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>宗教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宗教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-宽容的社会风气" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#宽容的社会风气"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>宽容的社会风气</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-宽容的社会风气-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-城市化进程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#城市化进程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>城市化进程</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-城市化进程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-醫療" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#醫療"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.6</span> <span>醫療</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-醫療-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-建筑" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建筑"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>建筑</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建筑-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-艺术" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#艺术"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>艺术</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-艺术-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-哲学和文学" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#哲学和文学"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>哲学和文学</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-哲学和文学-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-體育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#體育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>體育</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-體育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-飲食" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#飲食"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>飲食</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-飲食-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-世界遺產" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#世界遺產"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.6</span> <span>世界遺產</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-世界遺產-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-教育" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#教育"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>教育</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-教育-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关教育子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-教育-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-著名大學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著名大學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>著名大學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著名大學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-國定節日" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#國定節日"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>國定節日</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-國定節日-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文獻子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-網站" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網站"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>網站</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網站-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.2</span> <span>書目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-書目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>延伸閱讀</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">荷兰</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。287种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-287" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">287种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Недерланд – 阿布哈西亚语" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Недерланд" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="阿布哈西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanda" title="Blanda – 亚齐语" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Blanda" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="亚齐语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederlande" title="Niederlande – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Niederlande" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%94%E1%8B%98%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ኔዘርላንድ – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኔዘርላንድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Países Baixos – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0erland" title="Niðerland – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niðerland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedelan" title="Nedelan – 奥博洛语" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Nedelan" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="奥博洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="नीदरलैंड – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नीदरलैंड" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="هولندا – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هولندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%97%DC%98%DC%A0%DC%A2%DC%95%DC%90" title="ܗܘܠܢܕܐ – 阿拉米语" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܗܘܠܢܕܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="阿拉米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="هولاندا – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="هولاندا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF" title="نيديرلاند – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيديرلاند" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="নেদাৰলেণ্ড – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নেদাৰলেণ্ড" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Baxos" title="Países Baxos – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Países Baxos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Гьоланд – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Гьоланд" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlanda" title="Nederlanda – 科塔瓦文" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Nederlanda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="科塔瓦文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="नीदरलैंड – 阿瓦德语" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="नीदरलैंड" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="阿瓦德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aynacha_Jach%27a_Markanaka" title="Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka – 艾马拉语" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Aynacha Jach'a Markanaka" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="艾马拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland" title="Niderland – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Niderland" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هولند – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هولند" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 巴伐利亞文" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="巴伐利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABderland%C4%81" title="Nīderlandā – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nīderlandā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolanda" title="Bolanda – 巴塔克托巴文" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Bolanda" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="巴塔克托巴文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nederlands" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нідэрланды – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нідэрланды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нідэрлянды – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нідэрлянды" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welanda" title="Welanda – 貝塔維文" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Welanda" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="貝塔維文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Нидерландия – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нидерландия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1" title="नीदरलैंड – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नीदरलैंड" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neselan" title="Neselan – 比斯拉马语" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Neselan" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="比斯拉马语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walanda" title="Walanda – 班亞爾文" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Walanda" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="班亞爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="နယ်တာလန်ခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နယ်တာလန်ခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%B8" title="নেদারল্যান্ডস – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নেদারল্যান্ডস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཧོ་ལན། – 藏语" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཧོ་ལན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="藏语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="নেদারল্যান্ড – 比什奴普萊利亞文" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="নেদারল্যান্ড" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="比什奴普萊利亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izelvroio%C3%B9" title="Izelvroioù – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Izelvroioù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolanda" title="Bolanda – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Bolanda" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%85%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%89" title="ᨅᨒᨉ – 布吉语" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨒᨉ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="布吉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos" title="Països Baixos – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Països Baixos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holanda" title="Holanda – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Holanda" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2%CC%A4-l%C3%A0ng" title="Hò̤-làng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hò̤-làng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Нидерландаш – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Нидерландаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olandres" title="Olandres – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Olandres" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 查莫罗语" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="查莫罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8F%81%E1%8F%9B%E1%8E%B3%E1%8F%82" title="ᎾᏍᎩ ᏁᏛᎳᏂ – 切罗基语" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎾᏍᎩ ᏁᏛᎳᏂ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="切罗基语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 夏延语" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="夏延语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="ھۆڵەندا – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھۆڵەندا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Paesi Bassi" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felemenk" title="Felemenk – 克里米亚鞑靼语" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Felemenk" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="克里米亚鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemsko" title="Nizozemsko – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nizozemsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9derlandzk%C3%B4" title="Néderlandzkô – 卡舒比语" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Néderlandzkô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="卡舒比语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%94%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%EA%99%91" title="Нидєрландꙑ – 教会斯拉夫语" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нидєрландꙑ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="教会斯拉夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Iseldiroedd" title="Yr Iseldiroedd – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Iseldiroedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederlande" title="Niederlande – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Niederlande" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holanda" title="Holanda – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Holanda" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%BEozemska" title="Nižozemska – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Nižozemska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 中部杜順文" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="中部杜順文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="नेदरल्यान्ड – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="नेदरल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%82%DE%AC%DE%8B%DE%A6%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%82%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%AA" title="ނެދަލޭންޑު – 迪维希语" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ނެދަލޭންޑު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="迪维希语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་ – 宗卡语" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ནེ་དར་ལེནཌསི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="宗卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 埃维语" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="埃维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ολλανδία – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ul%C3%A0nda" title="Ulànda – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ulànda" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlando" title="Nederlando – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nederlando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Bajos" title="Países Bajos – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Países Bajos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbehereak" title="Herbehereak – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Herbehereak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisis_Baxus" title="Paisis Baxus – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Paisis Baxus" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هلند – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holannda" title="Holannda – 富拉语" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Holannda" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="富拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alankomaat" title="Alankomaat – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alankomaat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oladi" title="Oladi – 斐济语" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Oladi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="斐济语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C3%B0urlond" title="Niðurlond – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Niðurlond" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays-Bas_(pays_constitutif)" title="Pays-Bas (pays constitutif) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pays-Bas (pays constitutif)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neederl%C3%B6nje" title="Neederlönje – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Neederlönje" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AEs_Bas" title="Paîs Bas – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Paîs Bas" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederl%C3%A2n" title="Nederlân – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Nederlân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_%C3%8Dsilt%C3%ADr" title="An Ísiltír – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ísiltír" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland" title="Niderland – 加告兹语" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Niderland" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="加告兹语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="荷蘭 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="荷蘭" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_T%C3%ACrean_%C3%8Csle" title="Na Tìrean Ìsle – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Na Tìrean Ìsle" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Países Baixos – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet%C3%A3ngu%C3%A9ra_Yv%C3%BDi" title="Tetãnguéra Yvýi – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tetãnguéra Yvýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="नेदरलँड्स – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="नेदरलँड्स" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walanta" title="Walanta – 哥伦打洛语" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Walanta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="哥伦打洛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B8%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – 哥特语" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="哥特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A7%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A1" title="નેધરલેંડ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નેધરલેંડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_%C3%87heer_Injil" title="Yn Çheer Injil – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Çheer Injil" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holand" title="Holand – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Holand" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2-l%C3%A0n" title="Hò-làn – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hò-làn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nekelana" title="Nekelana – 夏威夷语" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Nekelana" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="夏威夷语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%93" title="הולנד – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הולנד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="नीदरलैण्ड – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नीदरलैण्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Netherlands" title="The Netherlands – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="The Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%C5%BEozemska" title="Nižozemska – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Nižozemska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyiba" title="Peyiba – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Peyiba" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollandia" title="Hollandia – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hollandia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Նիդերլանդներ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիդերլանդներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A8%D6%80%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BF" title="Նիտըրլենտ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Նիտըրլենտ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pais_Basse" title="Pais Basse – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pais Basse" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 伊班语" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="伊班语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 国际文字（E）" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="国际文字（E）" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanda" title="Olanda – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Olanda" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Голланди – 印古什语" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Голланди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="印古什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlando" title="Nederlando – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nederlando" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paesi Bassi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="オランダ – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オランダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedalanz" title="Nedalanz – 牙買加克里奧爾英文" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Nedalanz" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="牙買加克里奧爾英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/nederland" title="nederland – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="nederland" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walanda" title="Walanda – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Walanda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ნიდერლანდები – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნიდერლანდები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderlandiya" title="Niderlandiya – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Niderlandiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timura_n_Wadda" title="Timura n Wadda – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timura n Wadda" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B6%D1%8C%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="ЩӀылъабжьэхэр – 卡巴尔德语" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="ЩӀылъабжьэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="卡巴尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyibaa" title="Peyibaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Peyibaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays-Bas" title="Pays-Bas – 刚果语" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Pays-Bas" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="刚果语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balando" title="Balando – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Balando" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netharandi" title="Netharandi – 吉库尤语" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Netharandi" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="吉库尤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9B%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B" title="ហុល្លង់ – 高棉语" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហុល្លង់" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="高棉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೆದರ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೆದರ್‍ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%8D%9C%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="네덜란드 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네덜란드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Недерланд – 科米-彼尔米亚克语" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Недерланд" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="科米-彼尔米亚克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Нидерландла – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Нидерландла" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neddel%C3%A4ng" title="Neddeläng – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Neddeläng" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holenda" title="Holenda – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Holenda" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8A%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Нидерландъяс – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Нидерландъяс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iseldiryow" title="Iseldiryow – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Iseldiryow" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandia" title="Nederlandia – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nederlandia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paizes_Bashos" title="Paizes Bashos – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Paizes Bashos" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83" title="Нидерландру – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Нидерландру" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Нидерландар – 列兹金语" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Нидерландар" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="列兹金语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 新共同語言" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="新共同語言" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paixi_Basci" title="Paixi Basci – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Paixi Basci" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paejes_Basc" title="Paejes Basc – 拉定语" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Paejes Basc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="拉定语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paes_Bass" title="Paes Bass – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Paes Bass" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holanda" title="Holanda – 林加拉语" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Holanda" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="林加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%87" title="ປະເທດໂຮນລັງ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດໂຮນລັງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyderlandai" title="Nyderlandai – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nyderlandai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABderlandeja" title="Nīderlandeja – 拉特加萊文" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Nīderlandeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="拉特加萊文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABderlande" title="Nīderlande – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīderlande" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2l%C3%A2ndh%C3%A2" title="Bâlândhâ – 马都拉语" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bâlândhâ" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="马都拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landa" title="Landa – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Landa" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%82" title="Недерлантт – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Недерлантт" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нидерланды – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Нидерланды" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Drana" title="Hōrana – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Hōrana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balando" title="Balando – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Balando" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Холандија – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Холандија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="നെതർലന്റ്സ് – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നെതർലന്റ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%81" title="ꯅꯦꯊꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁ – 曼尼普尔语" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯦꯊꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="曼尼普尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="नेदरलँड्स – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नेदरलँड्स" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajji%C5%BCi_l-Baxxi" title="Pajjiżi l-Baxxi – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pajjiżi l-Baxxi" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADzes_Baixos" title="Paízes Baixos – 米兰德斯语" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paízes Baixos" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="米兰德斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="နယ်သာလန်နိုင်ငံ – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နယ်သာလန်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Нидерландонь Мастор – 厄尔兹亚语" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Нидерландонь Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="厄尔兹亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF" title="هلند – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هلند" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulanna" title="Ulanna – 那不勒斯语" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ulanna" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="那不勒斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nedderlannen_(Europa)" title="Nedderlannen (Europa) – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Nedderlannen (Europa)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlaand" title="Nederlaand – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Nederlaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="नेदरल्यान्ड – 尼泊尔语" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नेदरल्यान्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="尼泊尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="नेदरल्यान्द्स् – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नेदरल्यान्द्स्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belanda" title="Belanda – 尼亚斯语" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Belanda" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="尼亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlande" title="Nederlande – 諾維亞文" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Nederlande" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="諾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pays_Bas" title="Pays Bas – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pays Bas" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 北索托语" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="北索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsin_Bikee%CA%BC_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Tsin Bikeeʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah – 纳瓦霍语" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsin Bikeeʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="纳瓦霍语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 齐切瓦语" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="齐切瓦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%AFses_Basses" title="Païses Basses – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Païses Basses" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alangomuat" title="Alangomuat – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Alangomuat" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neezerlaandi" title="Neezerlaandi – 奥罗莫语" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Neezerlaandi" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="奥罗莫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Нидерландтæ – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нидерландтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨੀਦਰਲੈਂਡਜ਼ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਦਰਲੈਂਡਜ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%A1nda" title="Olánda – 邦阿西南语" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Olánda" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="邦阿西南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerlandia" title="Neerlandia – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Neerlandia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulanda" title="Hulanda – 帕皮阿门托语" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hulanda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="帕皮阿门托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas-Pa%C3%AFs" title="Bas-Païs – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Bas-Païs" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 賓夕法尼亞德文" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="賓夕法尼亞德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederlande" title="Niederlande – 普法爾茨德文" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Niederlande" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="普法爾茨德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="नेदरलैंड्स – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नेदरलैंड्स" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holandia_(Kr%C3%B3lestwo_Niderland%C3%B3w)" title="Holandia (Królestwo Niderlandów) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Holandia (Królestwo Niderlandów)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pais_Bass" title="Pais Bass – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pais Bass" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B2" title="نیدرلینڈز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیدرلینڈز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ολλανδία – 旁狄希臘文" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ολλανδία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="旁狄希臘文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%DA%89" title="هالنډ – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هالنډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_Baixos" title="Países Baixos – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Países Baixos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurinsuyu" title="Hurinsuyu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hurinsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajais_Bass" title="Pajais Bass – 罗曼什语" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Pajais Bass" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="罗曼什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanda" title="Olanda – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Olanda" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țările de Jos" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanda" title="Olanda – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Olanda" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paj%C3%A8sere_Vasce" title="Pajèsere Vasce – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Pajèsere Vasce" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нидерланды – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нидерланды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Нідерланды – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Нідерланды" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubuholandi" title="Ubuholandi – 卢旺达语" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubuholandi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="卢旺达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%83" title="नेदर्लेण्ड्देशः – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नेदर्लेण्ड्देशः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ – 桑塔利语" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="桑塔利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisos_B%C3%A0scios" title="Paisos Bàscios – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Paisos Bàscios" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paisi_Vasci" title="Paisi Vasci – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Paisi Vasci" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%8A%D8%B2" title="نيدرلينڊز – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيدرلينڊز" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuolleeatnamat" title="Vuolleeatnamat – 北方萨米语" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vuolleeatnamat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="北方萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%BC%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၼႄႇတႃႇလႅၼ်ႇ – 掸语" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၼႄႇတႃႇလႅၼ်ႇ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="掸语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%BA" title="නෙදර්ලන්තය – 僧伽罗语" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නෙදර්ලන්තය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="僧伽罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holandsko" title="Holandsko – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Holandsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizozemska" title="Nizozemska – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nizozemska" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netalani" title="Netalani – 萨摩亚语" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Netalani" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="萨摩亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vu%C3%A1l%C3%A1d%C3%A2hen%C3%A2meh" title="Vuáládâhenâmeh – 伊纳里萨米语" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vuáládâhenâmeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="伊纳里萨米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holandi" title="Holandi – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Holandi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holanda" title="Holanda – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Holanda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Холандија – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Холандија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakrakondre" title="Bakrakondre – 苏里南汤加语" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Bakrakondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="苏里南汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDashi" title="IDashi – 斯瓦蒂语" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IDashi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="斯瓦蒂语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4lan%C3%AA" title="Hôlanê – 南索托语" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Hôlanê" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="南索托语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederlounde" title="Niederlounde – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Niederlounde" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walanda" title="Walanda – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Walanda" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederl%C3%A4nderna" title="Nederländerna – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nederländerna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uholanzi" title="Uholanzi – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uholanzi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81" title="நெதர்லாந்து – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெதர்லாந்து" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="నెదర్లాండ్స్ – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నెదర్లాండ్స్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olanda" title="Olanda – 德顿语" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Olanda" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="德顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Ҳоланд – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳоланд" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศเนเธอร์แลนด์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเนเธอร์แลนด์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%94%E1%8B%98%E1%88%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B5" title="ኔዘርላንድ – 提格利尼亚语" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኔዘርላንድ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="提格利尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderlandi%C3%BDa" title="Niderlandiýa – 土库曼语" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Niderlandiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="土库曼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderland" title="Niderland – 塔里什文" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Niderland" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="塔里什文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Dlani" title="Hōlani – 汤加语" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Hōlani" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="汤加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holan" title="Holan – 托克皮辛语" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Holan" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="托克皮辛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollanda" title="Hollanda – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hollanda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 赛德克语" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="赛德克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 聪加语" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="聪加语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 通布卡语" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="通布卡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 契维语" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="契维语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4" title="Нидерланд – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Нидерланд" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="گوللاندىيە – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="گوللاندىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Нідерланди – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нідерланди" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%B2" title="نیدرلینڈز – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیدرلینڈز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niderlandiya" title="Niderlandiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Niderlandiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paezi_Basi" title="Paezi Basi – 威尼斯语" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Paezi Basi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="威尼斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamad" title="Alamad – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Alamad" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0_Lan" title="Hà Lan – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hà Lan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holland" title="Holland – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Holland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned%C3%A4n" title="Nedän – 沃拉普克语" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nedän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="沃拉普克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_Payis" title="Bas Payis – 瓦隆语" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bas Payis" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="瓦隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederlandes" title="Nederlandes – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nederlandes" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaand" title="Olaand – 沃洛夫语" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Olaand" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="沃洛夫语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="尼德兰 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="尼德兰" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ENetherlands" title="ENetherlands – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="ENetherlands" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ნიდერლანდეფი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნიდერლანდეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93" title="האלאנד – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="האלאנד" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BA%B9%CC%81d%C3%A1l%C3%A1nd%C3%AC" title="Nẹ́dálándì – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nẹ́dálándì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hozlanz" title="Hozlanz – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hozlanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland" title="Nederland – 西蘭文" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Nederland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="西蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%80%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B4%B0" title="ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ – 标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵀⵓⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="标准摩洛哥塔马塞特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="荷蘭 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="荷蘭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4-l%C3%A2n" title="Hô-lân – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô-lân" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="荷蘭 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="荷蘭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Netherlands" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" lang="zh-Hant-MO" 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class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span 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mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nederland" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" hreflang="zh"><span>维基语录</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" hreflang="zh"><span>维基导游</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q55" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-816e5b72" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">（重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>）</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-816e5b72" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="People"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="none" data-noteta-group="尼德蘭地名"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="BE Places"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Transport"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:贝娅特丽克丝; zh-hant:碧翠斯;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh:阿納姆; zh-cn:阿纳姆; zh-tw:安恆; zh-hk:安恆;"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>关于与「<b>荷兰</b>」標題相近或相同的条目，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="荷蘭 (消歧義)">荷兰 (消歧義)</a></b>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84055776">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">荷蘭</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span><span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>）</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 2px 0 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="荷蘭国旗"><img alt="荷蘭国旗" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%97" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国旗">国旗</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; padding:0 5px 0 2px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="荷蘭国徽"><img alt="荷蘭国徽" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/120px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg/250px-State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="595" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国徽"> 国徽</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><b>格言：</b><span title="法語文本"><span lang="fr"><i>Je maintiendrai</i></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="法語">（法文）</span><br /><span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl"><i>Ik zal handhaven</i></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="荷蘭語">（荷兰文）</span><br /><small>「堅持不懈」</small><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem" style=""><b>国歌：</b>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E9%A2%82" title="威廉颂">威廉颂</a>》<br />（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Het Wilhelmus</span></span>）<br /><center><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="65" data-mwtitle="United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_(tempo_corrected).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg/United_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=de&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch‪（de）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English‪（en）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語‪（ja）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어‪（ko）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu‪（ms）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands‪（nl）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=pap&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pap" label="Papiamentu‪（pap）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português‪（pt）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt‪（vi）‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AUnited_States_Navy_Band_-_Het_Wilhelmus_%28tempo_corrected%29.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體）‪（zh-hant）‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span><figcaption>noicon</figcaption></figure></center></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">國家象徵：<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99" title="郁金香">郁金香</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="風車">风车</a>（非官方）</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Netherlands.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EU-Netherlands.svg/250px-EU-Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EU-Netherlands.svg/375px-EU-Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EU-Netherlands.svg/500px-EU-Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭歐洲區">荷兰欧洲區</a>位置（深綠色）</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BES_islands_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BES_islands_location_map.svg/250px-BES_islands_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BES_islands_location_map.svg/500px-BES_islands_location_map.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1156" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰加勒比区">荷兰加勒比區</a>位置<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Netherlands_in_the_World.svg/250px-Netherlands_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Netherlands_in_the_World.svg/500px-Netherlands_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2521" data-file-height="1260" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">本土及海外領土</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">首都<div class="ib-country-largest">暨最大城市</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&params=52_22_N_4_53_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">52°22′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°53′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">52.367°N 4.883°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">52.367; 4.883</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">行政中心</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">官方语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F%E7%BE%A4" title="族群">族群</a><div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷兰人</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">宗教<div class="ib-country-religion">（2019年）<sup id="cite_ref-cbs2020_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs2020-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>54.1% <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99" title="无宗教">无宗教</a></li> <li>38.3% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a></li> <li>20.1% <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰天主教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰天主教（页面不存在）">天主教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li>14.8% <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" title="新教">新教</a></li> <li>3.4% 其他 <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="基督教教派列表">基督教宗派</a></li> <li>5.0% <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰伊斯兰教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Islam in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰伊斯兰教（页面不存在）">伊斯兰教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Islam in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Islam in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li>2.6% 其他</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭政治">政府</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%9C%8B" title="構成國">構成國</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="單一制">單一制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="民主制">民主制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83%E5%88%B6%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E6%86%B2%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="議會制君主立憲制">議會制君主立宪制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="议会民主制">议会民主制</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="自由民主制">自由民主制</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="荷兰君主">君主</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89-%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7" title="荷蘭的威廉-亞歷山大">威廉-亞歷山大</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭首相">首相</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="迪克·斯霍夫">迪克·斯霍夫</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">立法机构</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国会">国会</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭軍事">现役军人</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">61,130（2008年）（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F%E6%9C%8D%E5%BD%B9%E4%BA%BA%E6%95%B0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国武装部队服役人数列表">第77名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">成立</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082" /></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="乌特勒支同盟">宣布成立聯省共和國</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1581年7月26日</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="明斯特和約">西班牙承認獨立</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1648年1月30日</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="荷蘭地理">面积</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">41,526<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto2-additional_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-additional-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E9%9D%A2%E7%A7%AF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="世界各国和地区面积列表">第134位</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 水域率</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">18.41<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">人口</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022年估计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">17,778,200（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口列表">第67名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 密度</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">423人/平方公里（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国家和地区人口密度列表">第16名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;">（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E5%8A%9B%E5%B9%B3%E4%BB%B7" title="购买力平价">PPP</a>）</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">12,017.55亿<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a><sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国实质国内生产总值列表">第27名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">68,572美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%AE%9E%E8%B4%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均实质国内生产总值列表">第11名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC" title="国内生产总值">GDP</a><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">（国际汇率）</span></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2022年估计</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 总计</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">10,135.95亿美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国名义国内生产总值列表">第17名</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 人均</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">57,835美元<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%9D%87%E5%90%8D%E4%B9%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%86%85%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E6%80%BB%E5%80%BC%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国人均名义国内生产总值列表">第12名</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%BC%E7%B3%BB%E6%95%B0" title="基尼系数">基尼系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.275<sup id="cite_ref-eurogini_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurogini-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span style="font-weight:normal;">（2020年）</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732967">html:not(.skin-theme-clientpref-night) .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.isdarkmode{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ifdarkmode>.nodarkmode{display:none}}</style><span class="ifdarkmode"><span class="nodarkmode"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83933911">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:forestgreen">低</span></span><span class="isdarkmode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#279e27">低</span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E7%B1%BB%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="人类发展指数">人类发展指数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">0.944<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="nowrap">（2019年）</span><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732967" /><span class="ifdarkmode"><span class="nodarkmode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgreen">极高</span></span><span class="isdarkmode"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83933911" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:green">极高</span></span></span></span> · <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E9%A1%9E%E7%99%BC%E5%B1%95%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各國人類發展指數列表">第8名</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">货币</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">歐洲部分：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%85%83" title="欧元">欧元</a>（EUR，€)<br />加勒比海部分：<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%85%83" title="美元">美元</a>（USD，$）</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">时区</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+1</span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">歐洲中部時間</a>）</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="夏时制">夏令时</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%97%B6" title="协调世界时">UTC</a>+2</span>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲中部夏令時間">歐洲中部夏令時間</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%B9%E5%90%91" title="道路通行方向">行驶方位</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">靠右行驶</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">电话区号</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="tel"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%86%A0%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="國際冠碼">+</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际电话区号列表">31</a> </span>（歐洲部分）<br /><span class="tel"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%86%A0%E7%A2%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="國際冠碼">+</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%B7%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际电话区号列表">599</a> </span>（加勒比海部分）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166码</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">NLD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E9%A0%82%E7%B4%9A%E5%9F%9F" title="國家和地區頂級域">互联网顶级域</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/.nl" title=".nl">.nl</a><br />歐盟亦使用 <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><div class="ib-country-website"><b>网站</b><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/">www<wbr />.rijksoverheid<wbr />.nl</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>尼德蘭</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">Nederland</span>，<small></small><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="國際音標（IPA）表示法"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="Help:荷蘭語國際音標">[ˈneːdərˌlɑnt]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">（<span class="unicode haudio"><span class="fn"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0a\/Nl-Nederland.ogg\/Nl-Nederland.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"zh","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Nederland.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0a/Nl-Nederland.ogg/Nl-Nederland.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="播放音频" title="播放音频" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Nederland.ogg" title="File:Nl-Nederland.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>）</span>，意为「低地之国」），中文通稱<b>荷蘭</b><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，是位于欧洲西北部的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="低地国家">低地国家</a>，由<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲區荷蘭">歐洲區荷蘭</a>的12個<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="荷蘭省份">省份</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">荷蘭加勒比區</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="博奈尔岛">博奈爾島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聖尤斯特歇斯島">聖尤斯特歇斯島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="薩巴島">薩巴島</a>組成。荷蘭也是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">Koninkrijk der Nederlanden</span>）的主要<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%9C%8B#荷蘭" title="構成國">構成國</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地区</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="阿鲁巴">阿鲁巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" title="库拉索">库拉索</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81" title="荷屬聖馬丁">荷屬聖馬丁</a>共同组成荷蘭王國。<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>尼德蘭的領土可分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲區荷蘭">歐洲區</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">加勒比區</a>兩個部分。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲區尼德蘭">歐洲區</a>領土位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>西北部，濒临<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a>，与<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>接壤，並與英國隔海相望。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">加勒比海區</a>，位於<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7" title="加勒比海">加勒比海</a>地區，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔">博奈爾島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">聖尤斯特歇斯島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4" title="薩巴">薩巴島</a>三個小島。荷蘭最大的三個城市是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="宪法">宪法</a>确定的正式首都，然而，政府、國王的王宫和大多数<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="駐荷蘭外交機構列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A7%90%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E6%A9%9F%E6%A7%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="駐荷蘭外交機構列表（页面不存在）">外國駐荷蘭使馆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of diplomatic missions in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>都位于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>。此外，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="国际法庭">国际法庭</a>也设在海牙。<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%B8%AF" title="鹿特丹港">鹿特丹港</a>，位於<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>，為全世界進出量第八的大型港口。 </p><p>荷蘭國名原文「尼德蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）的字面意義為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="低地國家">低地國家</a>，這個名稱來自於它國內平坦而低濕的地形。其國土中，只有約50%的土地高於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%8B%94" title="海拔">海拔</a>1公尺<sup id="cite_ref-Eupedia_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eupedia-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其國土中，低於海平面的土地，絕大多數是人造的。從16世紀開始，荷蘭人利用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="風車">風車</a>及堤防排乾積水，逐步由海中及湖中製造出<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A9%E7%94%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="圩田">圩田</a>。現今荷蘭國土總面積中，有17%是人造的。荷蘭是人口非常稠密的國家，其人口密度為每平方公里406人，如果不計入水域面積則是每平方公里497人。在全世界上，也只有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="孟加拉">孟加拉</a>國、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣">台灣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%A9%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD" title="大韩民国">大韓民國</a>的總人口數與人口密度，同時高於荷蘭。儘管如此，荷蘭是世界第二大的糧食與農產品出口國，僅次於美國<sup id="cite_ref-government.nl_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-government.nl-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hollandtrade.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hollandtrade.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>荷蘭為全世界第一個现代<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>國家。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭帝國">荷蘭帝國</a>时期，其经济发展水平是公认的早期的全球<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%85%E7%BA%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="超级大国">超级大国</a>之一，创办的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭東印度公司">荷蘭東印度公司</a>建立了全球贸易，于1602年创建了第一家<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%81%E5%88%B8%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="证券交易所">证券交易所</a>，建立了当时世界上最为发达的债务市场。荷兰也是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="中央银行">中央银行</a>系统的滥觞，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭盾">荷蘭盾</a>成为世界第一种国际价值体系<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷蘭是世界上最早擁有<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%B8%E8%88%89" title="選舉">選舉</a>的國家之一，自1848年起，就確立了<a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="議會">議會</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="民主">民主</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" title="君主立宪制">君主立宪制</a>。荷蘭被認為是一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="自由">自由</a>的國度，其社會長久以來就以寬容異己的風氣聞名，其法律允許<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%AE%E8%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="墮胎">墮胎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="性交易">性交易</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E6%A8%82%E6%AD%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="安樂死">安樂死</a>等，有限度的放寬<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%9B%E6%A8%82%E6%80%A7%E8%97%A5%E7%89%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="娛樂性藥物">娛樂性藥物</a>的使用，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB" title="大麻">大麻</a>。1579年開始，就允許國內居民有<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>，領先當時西歐其他國家。2001年，成為全世界第一個立法承認<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a>的國家。荷蘭是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="市場經濟">市場經濟</a>為主的經濟體，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟自由度指數">經濟自由度指數</a>列出的全球177個國家中，排名第17<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2011年，它是全世界人均收入第10高的國家<sup id="cite_ref-GDP_IMF_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GDP_IMF-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2013年，聯合國<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%BF%AB%E6%A8%82%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8A" title="世界快樂報告">世界快樂報告</a>中，將荷蘭列為全世界第四快樂的國度，顯示了這個國家人民的高品質生活<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>荷蘭是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐盟</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" title="十国集团">十国集团</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北约</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经合组织</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="世界贸易组织">世界贸易组织</a>的創始成員國之一，也是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="比荷盧聯盟">比荷盧聯盟</a>的一部分。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%AD%A6%E5%99%A8%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="禁止化學武器組織">禁止化學武器組織</a>的總部位於海牙。在這個國家中，擁有五個國際性法庭，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E8%AE%BE%E4%BB%B2%E8%A3%81%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="常设仲裁法院">常设仲裁法院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="國際法院">國際法院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%8D%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" title="前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭">前南斯拉夫问题国际刑事法庭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="国际刑事法院">国际刑事法院</a>、<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="黎巴嫩问题特别法庭" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Special Tribunal for Lebanon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%89%B9%E5%88%AB%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="黎巴嫩问题特别法庭（页面不存在）">黎巴嫩问题特别法庭</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon" class="extiw" title="en:Special Tribunal for Lebanon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Special Tribunal for Lebanon</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>等。前四個法庭都設在海牙，此外，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E5%88%91%E8%AD%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="欧洲刑警组织">欧洲刑警组织</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AA%A2%E5%AF%9F%E5%AE%98%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲檢察官組織">歐洲檢察官組織</a>的總部也位於此，這使得海牙得名「國際司法之都」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="名稱"><span id=".E5.90.8D.E7.A8.B1"></span>名稱</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：名稱"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg/250px-Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg/500px-Satellite_image_of_the_Netherlands_in_May_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="1602" /></a><figcaption>荷兰卫星地图，2000年5月</figcaption></figure> <p>荷蘭的正式國名為尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>），字面意義為低窪之地，因此也被意譯為「<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="低地國家">低地國家</a>」，或「低地國」。以普通名詞的單數形式出現時，即<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>，通常指的只有這個構成國在歐洲區的領土部分；使用普通名词的复数形式，加上冠詞，就成為專屬名詞，用來作為整個主權國家的名稱，在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="英文">英文</a>稱之為“<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">the Netherlands</span></span>”，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="德文">德文</a>拼為“<span title="德語文本"><span lang="de">die Niederlande</span></span>”。與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>不同，這個名稱並不是起源於民族名稱，而是由地名轉化而來。這個名稱最早並不是一個特殊的名稱，在德語地區，只要是低窪地區，都常使用<i>Nederr</i>（低）這個名稱來命名，例如下<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="萊茵河">萊茵河</a>地區與下<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%98%E5%85%B9%E6%B2%B3" title="默兹河">默兹河</a>地區，就曾被稱為是Nederlanden（低地）；相對而言，地勢高的地區，就會被稱為Oberland（高地）。從15世紀開始，尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）這個名字開始被使用來當成國家稱呼。因為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>在歷史上曾經屬於荷蘭的一部分，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="罗曼语族">罗曼语族</a>，如法語及西班牙語中，包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>，都可以稱為低地國（法語：<span lang="fr">les Pays-bas</span>，西班牙語：<span lang="es">los Países Bajos</span>），要視語句的情境來決定它所說的國家。 </p><p>在許多其它語言中，包括在荷蘭王國的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="加勒比海地区">加勒比海地區</a>，常把「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）當成這個國家的國名。這是一個常見的俗稱，但這是錯誤<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）原是尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）中一個<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="荷蘭 (地區)">地區</a>的名稱，相當於今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北荷蘭省">北荷蘭省</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" title="南荷蘭省">南荷蘭省</a>兩地。荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）的字根來自<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">老荷蘭語</a><span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holtland</span></span>，字面意義為盛產木頭之地，最早是指<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86" title="哈勒姆">哈勒姆</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Haarlem</span></span>）周邊地區，到1064年被用作整個縣的名稱，後成為一個地區的名稱。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="神聖羅馬帝國">神聖羅馬帝國</a>時，此地區由荷蘭伯爵統治，在12世紀初，此地居民在拉丁文本中被稱為<span title="拉丁語文本"><span lang="la">Hollandi</span></span>，也就是後來的荷蘭人（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Hollanders</span></span>）。在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="七省聯合共和國">七省聯合共和國</a>時代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="荷蘭 (地區)">荷蘭</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）是其國內土地最大、人口最多、經濟最富裕的地區，因此被用來<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E5%96%BB" title="轉喻">轉喻</a>代指尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）整體<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法蘭西第一帝國</a>時期，曾於1806年建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰王国 (傀儡国)">荷蘭王國</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Koninkrijk Holland</span></span>），短暫以荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）作為國名。但從15世紀以來，其正式國名皆為尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>），荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）為非正式俗稱。 </p><p>用荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）的名稱指稱尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）這個國家的用法，在許多國家被普遍接受，英語、中文等語言常這麼稱呼，荷蘭人也常這麼使用<sup id="cite_ref-“Holland_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“Holland-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holland_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但也有對此稱呼敏感的人<sup id="cite_ref-Holland_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holland-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）這個名稱可在非正式場合中使用<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，這須視情況而定。例如將他們的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭國家足球隊">國家代表隊</a>（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Netherlands team</span></span>）稱呼為「荷蘭隊」（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Holland team</span></span>），大多數人是可以接受的<sup id="cite_ref-“Holland_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“Holland-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但用「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）來稱呼他們的國家，在其國內並不是被完全接受，特別是對來自南北荷蘭省之外省份的居民來說，用荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）稱呼他們的國家並不禮貌。在正式場合中，建議使用其正式名稱，尼德蘭（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Nederland</span></span>）<sup id="cite_ref-DMFA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為重塑國家形象，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭政府">荷蘭政府</a>於2019年宣布，自2020年1月起，在運動賽事及觀光宣傳場合中不再使用非正式的「荷蘭」（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Holland</span></span>）稱謂，一律使用官方的正式名稱「尼德蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>），包括國家足球隊等荷蘭國家代表隊今後均會以「尼德蘭」（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Netherlands</span></span>）名義出賽，不再使用「荷蘭隊」（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Holland team</span></span>）<sup id="cite_ref-#1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#1_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不過在中文譯名方面，荷蘭旅遊局與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%A8%E5%8F%B0%E8%BE%A6%E4%BA%8B%E8%99%95" title="荷蘭在台辦事處">荷蘭在台辦事處</a>等荷蘭官方機構表示不會更改譯名，仍會維持原有的中文翻譯──「荷蘭」，而英文則採用<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Netherland</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>如同用荷蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）來稱呼尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）這個國家，用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭德斯">法蘭德斯</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Vlaanderen</span></span>）代稱尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>），在16世紀至20世紀初也是常見稱法。法蘭德斯（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Vlaanderen</span></span>）字面意思為泛水之地，原是尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）中的一個<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭德斯">地區</a>名稱，相當於今尼德蘭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）南部與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>北部一帶。在中國，大約直到清朝末年，都曾經用法蘭德斯作為這個國家的稱呼<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>另一個常見的英語俗稱「<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Dutch</span></span>」，用於稱呼荷蘭的主要族群，也就是尼德蘭人(<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷蘭人</a>)（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederlanders</span></span>）中的日耳曼族群，但也可以指他們（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederlanders</span></span>）整體。這個單字由<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97" class="mw-disambig" title="德意志">德意志</a>（<span title="德語文本"><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></span>）這個單字分化出來，最早來自<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la">Theodiscus</span>，本義為「部落的」或「人民的」，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼民族">日耳曼民族</a>（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Germans</span></span>）的稱呼之一。荷蘭與德國同屬於日耳曼民族，有共同祖先，在16世紀時分別建立了自己的民族國家，因此分化為兩個民族，德意志人（<span title="德語文本"><span lang="de">Deutsch</span></span>）或日耳曼人（<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">German</span></span>）成為德國人專有稱呼。在英語傳統中，稱呼荷蘭人為<span title="英語文本"><span lang="en">Dutch</span></span>仍然被保持下來，但對於荷蘭人來說，稱呼他們為尼德蘭人（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederlanders</span></span>）是較為正式的用法。 </p><p>尼德蘭在明朝末年開始與中國交往，最早中國人稱之為紅毛鬼<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、米粟果、紅毛番，也稱為荷蘭<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、波斯胡、紅夷<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、紅彝<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》中，稱為和蘭、阿南<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a>》同樣稱和蘭<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BD%95" title="海录">海錄</a>》稱為荷囒，又有賀蘭、荷南等稱呼，在1794年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%BE%E9%9A%86%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="乾隆皇帝">乾隆皇帝</a>下旨改稱荷蘭，作為官方稱呼<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同治2年簽署之《中荷天津條約暨另款》<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>與光緒27年《<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%B8%91%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="辛丑和約">辛丑和約</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-#2_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，皆稱荷蘭為大和，因此大和、和國可視為晚清官方對荷蘭之正式譯名。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%96%E5%BF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="海國圖志">海國圖志</a>》稱此地區為尼達蘭，此國為荷蘭<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。漢語中，稱呼為荷蘭、和蘭、賀蘭、阿蘭陀、荷蘭陀等，皆源自於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">Holland</span>、西班牙語：<span lang="es">Holandés</span>（卡斯蒂利亚）或葡萄牙語：<span lang="pt">Hollanda</span>。日文漢字譯為「<span title="日語文本"><span lang="ja">和蘭</span></span>」。而<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>也仿照中文的译名譯為「Hà Lan」（<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="越南语">越南语</a>：<span title="越南语國語字"><span title="越南語文本"><span lang="vi">Hà Lan</span></span></span>／<span title="漢喃文"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80129570">.mw-parser-output .han-nom{font-family:"Gothic Nguyen","Han-Nom Gothic","Minh Nguyen","Han-Nom Minh","Nom Na Tong","HAN NOM A","HAN NOM B","TH-Khaai-TP0","TH-Khaai-TP2","TH-Khaai-PP0","TH-Khaai-PP2","TH-Sung-PP0","TH-Sung-PP2","TH-Sung-TP0","TH-Sung-TP2","TH-Sy-P0","TH-Sy-P2","TH-Ming-JP0","TH-Ming-JP2","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-UNI-H","Ming-Lt-HKSCS-ExtB","FZKaiT-Extended","FZKaiT-Extended(SIP)","FZKaiS-Extended","FZKaiS-Extended(SIP)","Sun-ExtA","Sun-ExtB","MingLiU","MingLiU-ExtB","MingLiU_HKSCS","MingLiU_HKSCS-ExtB","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB",sans-serif}</style><span title="越南語文本"><span lang="vi-Hani"><span class="han-nom">荷蘭</span></span></span></span><sup></sup>）。 </p><p>因為歷史因素，<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>將荷蘭（Holland）這個非正式名稱承襲下來，作為尼德蘭（Nederland）這個國家的正式稱呼。在中文中，往往不區分Nederland、Holland及Dutch，籠統地譯為荷蘭。這種譯法極為通行，但在某些時候，這種譯法可能會造成混淆：例如<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="荷蘭 (地區)">荷蘭地區</a>（Holland），與尼德蘭（Nederland）這個國家，在中文裡一律譯為荷蘭；居住在荷蘭地區的荷蘭人（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Hollanders</span></span>），日耳曼族裔荷蘭人（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Dutch</span></span>），與這個國家的居民<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">尼德蘭人</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederlanders</span></span>），在中文裏同譯為荷蘭人；法國佔領時期的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰王国 (傀儡国)">荷蘭王國</a>（Kingdom of Holland），與尼德蘭王國（Kingdom of the Netherlands），經常都統一譯為荷蘭王國。在這種時候，需要回顧原文，以及經由上下文來分辨，才能確定它的內容是什麼。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="荷蘭歷史">荷蘭歷史</a></div> <p>在羅馬帝國統治荷蘭之前，據說<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="凱爾特人">凱爾特人</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="日爾曼人">日爾曼人</a>曾居住在此。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）"><span id=".E7.BE.85.E9.A6.AC.E5.B8.9D.E5.9C.8B.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E8.88.87.E4.B8.AD.E4.B8.96.E7.B4.80.E7.9A.84.E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD.EF.BC.88.E5.89.8D55.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D410.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：羅馬帝國時期與中世紀的荷蘭（前55年－410年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="古罗马">古罗马</a>时代，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>南的地区先是属于“<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E9%AB%98%E7%9B%A7" title="比利時高盧">比利时高卢</a>”省，后归于“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%A1%8C%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼行省">日耳曼行省</a>”。这裡的北部地区居住着许多日耳曼部落，南部则是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2%E4%BA%BA" title="高卢人">高卢人</a>，而这些高卢人在移民时期也融合了许多日耳曼部落<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Verhaal_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verhaal-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%92%E5%88%A9%E6%81%A9%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="撒利恩法兰克人">撒利恩法兰克人</a>从这里迁移到<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8D%A2" title="高卢">高卢</a>，并在公元五世纪建立起了强大的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E6%B4%9B%E6%B8%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="墨洛温王朝">墨洛温王朝</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lendering_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lendering-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而後其權力逐漸被取代，在查理曼繼位之後版圖大幅擴張，史稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B%E6%9E%97%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="加洛林王朝">查理曼帝國</a>。查理曼過世以後，荷蘭被劃分至<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="西法蘭克王國">西法蘭克王國</a>境內，而後<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%A8%E6%9E%9C%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="雨果·卡佩">雨果·卡佩</a>奪位成功建立<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="卡佩王朝">卡佩王朝</a>，但隨後又因卡佩王朝無男性子嗣可以繼位，故最後由旁系血親即位，成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%9B%A7%E7%93%A6%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="瓦盧瓦王朝">瓦盧瓦王朝</a>，此時法王分封近親為勃艮第公爵，是為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B1%9E%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮第属尼德兰">勃艮第属尼德兰</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）"><span id=".E5.93.88.E5.B8.83.E6.96.AF.E5.A0.A1.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E7.9A.84.E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD.EF.BC.881519.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1581.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：哈布斯堡時期的荷蘭（1519年－1581年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg/170px-Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg/255px-Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg/340px-Jan_Steen_-_Adolf_en_Catharina_Croeser_aan_de_Oude_Delft_1655.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2096" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>一张由<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="扬·斯特恩">扬·斯特恩</a>所繪製的画面显示了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰黄金时代">荷兰黄金时代</a>人们的日常生活</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg/250px-WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg/330px-WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg/500px-WilliamOfOrange1580.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4876" data-file-height="6728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0%E6%B2%BB)" class="mw-redirect" title="威廉一世 (奥兰治)">威廉一世</a>，也称<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E9%BB%98%E8%80%85%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89" class="mw-redirect" title="沉默者威廉">沉默者威廉</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰起义">荷兰起义</a>期间荷兰的领导者</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Van_Soest,_Four_Days_Battle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/170px-Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/255px-Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg/340px-Van_Soest%2C_Four_Days_Battle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1664" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次英荷戰爭">第二次英荷战争</a>期间，于1666年6月1日至4日所发生的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E6%97%A5%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四日之战（页面不存在）">四日之战</a></figcaption></figure> <p>中世纪，低地国家（大约包括现在的荷兰、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a>西部部分地区、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>北部部分地区）存在着很多诸侯封建领地，分别属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E5%9C%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="勃艮地公国">勃艮地公国</a>(Duchy of Burgundy) 和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a>。到了十六世纪初，因为复杂的皇室联姻，他们在神聖羅馬帝國<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="哈布斯堡王朝">哈布斯堡王朝</a>之下统一起来<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1556年帝国皇帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%90%86%E4%BA%94%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="查理五世 (神圣罗马帝国)">查理五世</a>（1519年－1556年在位）退位，将<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a>和低地（被称为北方省）分给他的儿子<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%93%E5%8A%9B%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96_(%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99)" title="腓力二世 (西班牙)">腓力二世</a>，将<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a>等其他地区以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="哈布斯堡">哈布斯堡</a>王朝正统分给他的弟弟<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD)" title="斐迪南一世 (神圣罗马帝国)">斐迪南一世</a>。就这样，北方省属于西班牙王国。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）"><span id=".E5.B0.BC.E5.BE.B7.E8.98.AD.E4.B8.83.E7.9C.81.E5.85.B1.E5.92.8C.E5.9C.8B.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.881581.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1795.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：尼德蘭七省共和國時期（1581年－1795年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg/250px-Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg/330px-Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg/500px-Hendrick_Avercamp_-_IJsvermaak_bij_een_stad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2303" data-file-height="1232" /></a><figcaption>1625年的溜冰者与冬季景观</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg/220px-Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg/330px-Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg/440px-Johannes_Lingelbach_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2505" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%9D%9D%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="水坝广场">水坝广场</a>，畫于1656年</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two black and white drawings of events during the massacre. At left, Dutch troops kill ethnic Chinese residents while the residents' homes burn in the background. At right, the Dutch execute Chinese prisoners in a courtyard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg/220px-Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg/330px-Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg/440px-Chinezenmoord_van_stolk_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption>1740年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%BA%AA%E6%83%A8%E6%A1%88" title="红溪惨案">红溪惨案</a>期间对华人关押者的处决</figcaption></figure> <p>1568年，因反抗西班牙国王的中央集权和对新教<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="加尔文派">加尔文派</a>的迫害，爆发了北方省反抗西班牙的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="八十年战争">八十年战争</a>。1579年北方省中的七省（現在荷蘭、比利時和卢森堡的區域）成立了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="乌得勒支同盟">乌得勒支同盟</a>，共同反对西班牙统治。这被认为现代荷兰的开始。1581年，聯盟正式宣布独立。战争在继续，直到1648年西班牙国王<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="菲利普四世">菲利普四世</a>才签订《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%92%8C%E7%B4%84" title="明斯特和約">明斯特条约</a>》，承认<b>七低地（尼德蘭）／<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="七省聯合共和國">七省聯合共和國</a></b>，從西班牙王獲得獨立之後，荷蘭發展成為17世紀航海和貿易強國。它在世界各地建立殖民地和貿易據點，包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E8%8D%B7%E6%B2%BB%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="台灣荷治時期">台灣的部分地區於1624年－1662年和1664年－1667年</a>曾為其殖民地。這段時期在荷蘭被稱為「黃金年代」。先后开发与殖民四地，即後的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BD%E7%BA%A6" title="纽约">纽约</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="台湾">台湾</a>(後三者的部分)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷兰也曾在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E6%B1%82%E6%96%AF" title="毛里求斯">毛里求斯</a>殖民，但收效甚微，最终放弃<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>17世纪后期，荷兰先后与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a>交战，在海上荷兰战胜英国（<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="第二次英荷戰爭">第二次英荷战争</a>），在陆地荷兰败于法国（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">法荷战争</a>），从而衰落下来。第二次英荷战争後，荷兰用新阿姆斯特丹（纽约）交换了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="苏里南">苏里南</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%AD%E4%BA%9A%E9%82%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属圭亚那">荷属圭亚那</a>）。第四次英荷战争导致<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a>运营不善进而破产，<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%8D%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="斯里兰卡">斯里兰卡</a>被英国夺得，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>失去了欧洲金融中心地位。1672年，荷兰面对欧洲霸权法国<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">入侵</a>，被称为“灾难年”（Rampjaar）<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1740年10月9日－12日，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87" class="mw-redirect" title="爪哇">爪哇</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%8A%A0%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雅加達">巴達維亞</a>（今<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%B0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="印尼">印尼</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%8A%A0%E9%81%94" class="mw-redirect" title="雅加達">雅加達</a>）爆發<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷蘭人</a>屠殺<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="華人">華人</a>移民的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E6%BA%AA%E6%85%98%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="紅溪慘案">紅溪慘案</a>，華人死亡萬餘人。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.9C.8B.E4.BD.94.E9.A0.98.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.E5.92.8C.E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD.E7.8E.8B.E5.9C.8B.E6.99.82.E6.9C.9F.EF.BC.881795.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1940.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：法國佔領時期和荷蘭王國時期（1795年－1940年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">荷蘭聯合王國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a></div> <p>1795年荷兰被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-disambig" title="法兰西帝国">法蘭西帝国</a>占领，<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>先後在此扶植了<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%82%80%E5%84%A1%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰王国 (傀儡国)">荷蘭王國</a>。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dutch_Empire35.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Empire35.PNG/250px-Dutch_Empire35.PNG" decoding="async" width="210" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Empire35.PNG/330px-Dutch_Empire35.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Dutch_Empire35.PNG/500px-Dutch_Empire35.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1678" data-file-height="893" /></a><figcaption>“黄金时代”的荷属殖民地示意图。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a>管理浅绿色地区；深绿色地区则为<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰西印度公司">荷兰西印度公司</a>掌控</figcaption></figure> <p>在1815年被<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E7%A0%B4%E5%B4%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拿破崙">拿破崙</a>統治的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>佔領結束後，荷蘭和現在的<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>組成<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">荷蘭聯合王國</a>，同时荷属开普殖民地正式被英国统治。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>很快在1830年獨立，<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="盧森堡">盧森堡</a>也緊隨其後，荷蘭聯合王國随之瓦解。 </p><p>19世紀中，荷蘭相對於鄰國<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>相比較為落後，比利時在當時為工業強國。一直到1870年代，才因為<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="第二次工业革命">第二次工業革命</a>的發生而促使經濟起飛。 </p><p>1914年，第一次世界大戰爆發，荷蘭在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>中保持中立<sup id="cite_ref-Abbenhuis_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abbenhuis-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但戰事仍使荷蘭深受其苦，由於周邊的國家皆處於戰爭狀態，若欲於北海進行航運將會有極大的風險，因而糧食變得稀缺，甚至有發生飢荒的威脅存在。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）"><span id=".E7.AC.AC.E4.BA.8C.E6.AC.A1.E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E6.88.B0.EF.BC.881940.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.8D1945.E5.B9.B4.EF.BC.89"></span>第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：第二次世界大戰（1940年－1945年）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotterdam,_Laurenskerk,_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg/220px-Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg/330px-Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg/440px-Rotterdam%2C_Laurenskerk%2C_na_bombardement_van_mei_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption>1940年，遭遇德国空军空袭后的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg/250px-101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg/330px-101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg/500px-101st_with_members_of_dutch_resistance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E8%8A%B1%E5%9C%92%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" title="市場花園行動">市场花园行动</a>期间，位于艾恩德霍芬的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%8A%B5%E6%8A%97%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰抵抗军（页面不存在）">荷兰抵抗军</a>成员与美国<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC101%E7%A9%BA%E9%99%8D%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="第101空降师">第101空降师</a>，摄于1944年9月</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg/250px-Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg/330px-Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg/500px-Liberation_of_Eindhoven_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>在<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E8%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="艾恩德霍芬">艾恩德霍芬</a>解放期间的人群，摄于1944年9月</figcaption></figure> <p>荷蘭在戰爭爆發時如同第一次世界大戰一樣，再次宣佈自己是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="中立國">中立國</a>。雖然如此，在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>中荷蘭自1940年5月依然被<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%8D%E7%B2%B9%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" title="納粹德國">纳粹德國</a>佔領直至1945年才被解放<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9" title="荷蘭戰役">德國入侵荷蘭</a>是為了繞開<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%A5%87%E8%AF%BA%E9%98%B2%E7%BA%BF" title="马奇诺防线">馬奇諾防線</a>，並防止<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="英军">英軍</a>登陸荷蘭北部。當時的入侵造成荷蘭在所有西歐被納粹德國佔領過的國家中死亡率是最高的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="戰後（1945年至今）"><span id=".E6.88.B0.E5.BE.8C.EF.BC.881945.E5.B9.B4.E8.87.B3.E4.BB.8A.EF.BC.89"></span>戰後（1945年至今）</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：戰後（1945年至今）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>荷兰是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="欧盟">欧盟</a>的创始国之一</figcaption></figure> <p>戰後，荷蘭經濟再度繁榮發展。荷蘭是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B%E9%97%9C%E7%A8%85%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="比荷盧三國關稅同盟">荷比盧</a>（原比荷盧經濟聯盟，即比利時、荷蘭、盧森堡三國）、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲經濟共同體">歐洲經濟共同體</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北約">北約</a>的成員。 </p><p>1949年，荷兰承认<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亚</a>独立，失去了对<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属东印度">荷属东印度</a>的统治权。同年荷兰在西巴布亚建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属新几内亚">荷属新几内亚</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="去殖民化"><span id=".E5.8E.BB.E6.AE.96.E6.B0.91.E5.8C.96"></span>去殖民化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：去殖民化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1954年，迫於國際社會要求實行<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E6%AE%96%E6%B0%91%E5%8C%96" title="去殖民化">去殖民化</a>的壓力，荷蘭王國頒布了《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭王國憲章" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%86%B2%E7%AB%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭王國憲章（页面不存在）">荷蘭王國憲章</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_for_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>》，改革了政治結構。 </p><p>於1954年12月15日，荷蘭通過《荷蘭王國章程》（Het Statuut），使荷蘭的原殖民地和屬地在王國內與荷蘭本土享有同等地位。自此<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a>專指由荷蘭本土及其前殖民地組成部分的王國，而「荷蘭」則專指歐洲大陸荷蘭。 </p><p>1962年10月，在美国压力下，荷兰将<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E6%96%B0%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属新几内亚">荷属新几内亚</a>交付联合国托管，该地区后来并入印尼。 </p><p>1975年，荷兰承认<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="苏里南">苏里南</a>独立。 </p><p>現時荷蘭王國包括四個部分，分別是歐洲大陸荷蘭、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4" title="阿魯巴">阿魯巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="庫拉索">庫拉索</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81" title="荷屬聖馬丁">荷屬聖馬丁</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="博奈尔岛">博奈爾島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聖尤斯特歇斯島">聖尤斯特歇斯島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="薩巴島">薩巴島</a>則併入荷蘭本土成為特別行政區。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="荷蘭地理">荷兰地理</a></div> <p>荷蘭本土位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>西北部。西、北部臨北海，南部與東部分別和比利時與德國接壤，其總面積為41,526平方公里，其中水域面積就有7,643平方公里。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="歐洲區荷蘭"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.B4.B2.E5.8D.80.E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD"></span>歐洲區荷蘭</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：歐洲區荷蘭"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%8D%80%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲區荷蘭">歐洲區荷蘭</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012-NL-prov-relief-3000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2012-NL-prov-relief-3000.jpg/250px-2012-NL-prov-relief-3000.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/2012-NL-prov-relief-3000.jpg/500px-2012-NL-prov-relief-3000.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3440" /></a><figcaption>荷兰地形图，2012年</figcaption></figure> <p>平坦是荷兰地形最突出的特点<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其国土面积的一半海拔低于1公尺，26%甚至低于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2" title="海平面">海平面</a><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。部分地区甚至是由围海造地形成的，比如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗莱福兰省">弗莱福兰省</a>的大部分地区。这些低地都修建了海堤来保护。而荷蘭人世代與海爭地，在荷蘭人眼中最大的敵人是海洋。歐洲區荷兰的最高点是位于国家最东南角的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="法尔斯山">法尔斯山</a>，海拔321公尺，但全荷蘭的最高點卻是位於加勒比海<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E6%B2%99%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="荷屬沙巴">沙巴島</a>的風景山，高887公尺，這也是整個王國的地理最高點。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E6%B2%B3_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="瓦爾河 (荷蘭)">瓦爾河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="马斯河">马斯河</a>将荷兰一分为二<sup id="cite_ref-international2000_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-international2000-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="洪水"><span id=".E6.B4.AA.E6.B0.B4"></span>洪水</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：洪水"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>長期以來，因為自然災害與人類介入，荷蘭的海岸線不斷的在改變中。最著名的例子是1134年的暴風，讓大量土地滲入海裏，創造出<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="澤蘭省">澤蘭省</a>西南邊的群島。 </p><p>1278年12月14日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%8D%A2%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="圣卢西亚洪水">聖露西亞洪災</a>（St. Lucia's flood）造成尼德蘭與德國超過5萬人喪生，是在荷蘭歷史上最嚴重的一次洪災之一<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1421年的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="聖伊莉沙白洪災" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%96%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%89%E6%B2%99%E7%99%BD%E6%B4%AA%E7%81%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聖伊莉沙白洪災（页面不存在）">聖伊莉沙白洪災</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Elizabeth%27s_flood_(1421)" class="extiw" title="en:St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">St. Elizabeth's flood (1421)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（St. Elizabeth flood）過後，摧毀了大量圩田，造成72平方公里的Biesbosch潮汐洪泛平原的出現。1953年2月，<a href="/wiki/1953%E5%B9%B4%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%AA%E6%B0%B4" title="1953年北海大洪水">北海出現的洪水</a>，造成尼德蘭西南方數個海堤潰堤，超過1,800位居民在洪水中喪生。荷蘭政府因此擬定了大規模的防洪計畫，以保護這個國家不受洪水威脅，其中最著名的為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%A7%92%E6%B4%B2%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B" title="三角洲工程">三角洲工程</a><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="气候"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>气候</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>歐洲區荷蘭盛行来自<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亚速尔高压" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Azores High"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%9F%E5%B0%94%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亚速尔高压（页面不存在）">亚速尔高压</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azores_High" class="extiw" title="en:Azores High"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Azores High</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>的西南风，属<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" title="温带海洋性气候">温带海洋性气候</a>，冬暖夏凉，年降水量650～700毫米。但加勒比海的波奈爾則屬熱帶<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E4%B9%BE%E6%97%B1%E6%B0%A3%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="半乾旱氣候">半乾旱氣候</a>；沙巴和聖佑達修斯則熱帶而潮濕<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height: 1.2em; margin:;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%AF%94%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9" title="德比爾特">德比爾特</a>（1981-2010年的平均值），<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭皇家氣象協會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B0%A3%E8%B1%A1%E5%8D%94%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭皇家氣象協會（页面不存在）">KNMI</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Meteorological_Institute" class="extiw" title="en:Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（1901-2019年的極端值），下雪天的氣候數據：（1971-2000年的平均值）。 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">月份 </th> <th scope="col">1月 </th> <th scope="col">2月 </th> <th scope="col">3月 </th> <th scope="col">4月 </th> <th scope="col">5月 </th> <th scope="col">6月 </th> <th scope="col">7月 </th> <th scope="col">8月 </th> <th scope="col">9月 </th> <th scope="col">10月 </th> <th scope="col">11月 </th> <th scope="col">12月 </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">全年 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.4<br />(101.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1<br />(86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均高温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">日均气温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(37.6) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1<br />(55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(38.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3<br />(36.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5<br />(50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.0<br />(42.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">历史最低温 °C（°F） </th> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.4<br />(−17.3) </td> <td style="background: #5656FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−26.8<br />(−16.2) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.7<br />(−5.3) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.4<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.7<br />(25.3) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.4<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−22.3<br />(−8.1) </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−27.4<br />(−17.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%8D%E6%B0%B4%E9%87%8F" title="降水量">降水量</a> mm（英寸） </th> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.6<br />(2.74) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8<br />(2.20) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.8<br />(2.63) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.3<br />(1.67) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.9<br />(2.44) </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.6<br />(2.58) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.1<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.9<br />(2.87) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.1<br />(3.07) </td> <td style="background: #83FF83; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.8<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.8<br />(3.14) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.8<br />(2.98) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">832.5<br />(32.78) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降水天数<span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">（≥ 0.1 mm）</span> </th> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #5959FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">184 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均降雪天数<span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">（≥ 0 cm）</span> </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">平均<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E6%BF%95%E5%BA%A6" title="相對濕度">相對濕度</a>（％） </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000A9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">89 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">82 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">月均<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%85%A7%E6%99%82%E6%95%B8" title="日照時數">日照時數</a> </th> <td style="background: #717171; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.3 </td> <td style="background: #AAAAA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B75B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">121.6 </td> <td style="background: #D1D100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.6 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.0 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.7 </td> <td style="background: #C0C021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">138.3 </td> <td style="background: #B3B373; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.9 </td> <td style="background: #767676; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.0 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD34; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,601.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">数据来源：KNMI.nl<sup id="cite_ref-knmi_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knmi-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="荷蘭加勒比區"><span id=".E8.8D.B7.E8.98.AD.E5.8A.A0.E5.8B.92.E6.AF.94.E5.8D.80"></span>荷蘭加勒比區</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：荷蘭加勒比區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">荷蘭加勒比區</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BES_islands_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BES_islands_location_map.svg/250px-BES_islands_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BES_islands_location_map.svg/330px-BES_islands_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BES_islands_location_map.svg/500px-BES_islands_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1346" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>BES岛屿位于加勒比海的位置</figcaption></figure> <p>荷蘭加勒比區是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰本土">荷蘭本土</a>三個<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="特別行政區">特別行政區</a>：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="博奈尔岛">博奈爾島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="聖尤斯特歇斯島">聖尤斯特歇斯島</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="薩巴島">薩巴島</a>的集體名稱，又稱BES島嶼<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="政治"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB"></span>政治</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：政治"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷兰政治">荷兰政治</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Directeur-generaal_AIVD_Dick_Schoof_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Directeur-generaal_AIVD_Dick_Schoof_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Directeur-generaal_AIVD_Dick_Schoof_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Directeur-generaal_AIVD_Dick_Schoof_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Directeur-generaal_AIVD_Dick_Schoof_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>现任首相<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="迪克·斯霍夫">迪克·斯霍夫</a></figcaption></figure> <p>自1581年至1806年，荷兰是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰共和国">共和</a>体制，但並非議會民主制國家。其后的1806年至1815年，荷兰被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法蘭西第一帝國">法國</a>短暂的统治。从1815年起，荷兰一直是<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E7%AB%8B%E5%AE%AA%E5%88%B6" title="君主立宪制">君主立宪制</a>国家。 </p><p>自2013年，國王<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%84%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89-%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7" title="荷蘭的威廉-亞歷山大">威廉-亞歷山大</a>就任国家元首至今。理论上说，國王有权任命政府成员。实际上通常会按照选举结果建立联合政府，再由國王宣布政府首脑的任命。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰议会">荷兰议会</a>由<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BA%8C%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰议会二院">下议院</a>（第二院）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰议会一院">上议院</a>（第一院）构成。150名议员組成的下议院一般每隔四年选举一次，可以提前改選，而選舉制度為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%88%B6" title="比例代表制">比例代表制</a>。由於下議院的政黨眾多，因此選舉後難以有單一政黨可以組建政府，因此组建政府的过程可能需要几个月，不過聯合政府必須要在下議院獲得多數支持，但無須在上議院獲得多數。上议院权力较小，上议员则是每隔四年由新当选的省议会议员，根據地方選舉結果挑选组成。<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>荷蘭憲法也規定，法院為主的司法機關不得宣布國會通過的法案違憲。 </p><p>政治学家一般认为荷兰是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB" title="协商民主">协商民主</a>政体的典型样本。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/2010%E5%B9%B4%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8" title="2010年荷蘭大選">2010年荷蘭大選</a>，荷蘭舉行議會下議院選舉。選舉後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B2" title="基督教民主呼籲">基督教民主呼籲</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="自由民主人民黨">自由民主人民黨</a>組建<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%96%93%E5%81%8F%E5%8F%B3" title="中間偏右">中間偏右</a>少數派聯合政府，獲<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="自由黨 (荷蘭)">自由黨</a>支持信任動議。2010年10月24日，<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%91%82%E7%89%B9" title="馬克·呂特">馬克·呂特</a>接替<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%C2%B7%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E5%AB%A9%E5%BE%B7" title="揚·彼得·巴爾克嫩德">揚·彼得·巴爾克嫩德</a>出任首相，成為荷蘭92年首個自由主義政黨的首相。2012年聯合政府提前解散，大選提前舉行。在重新舉行的大選，自由民主人民黨取得41席，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="工黨 (荷蘭)">工黨</a>取得38席，選舉後自由民主人民黨與工黨組建<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="大聯合政府">大聯合政府</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政黨"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E9.BB.A8"></span>政黨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：政黨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷蘭政黨列表">荷蘭政黨列表</a></div> <p>荷蘭屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%B6" title="多黨制">多黨制</a>，通常由多個政黨組成執政聯盟。目前该国主要大党有<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="自由民主人民黨">自由民主人民黨</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="工黨 (荷蘭)">工黨</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="自由黨 (荷蘭)">自由黨</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%91%BC%E7%B1%B2" title="基督教民主呼籲">基督教民主呼籲</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="行政区划"><span id=".E8.A1.8C.E6.94.BF.E5.8C.BA.E5.88.92"></span>行政区划</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：行政区划"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷蘭本土的行政區劃為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷蘭省級政治">行省</a>及下一級的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭市鎮政治">荷蘭基礎政權</a>（市鎮）。較特殊的是因為荷蘭多數國土位於低於海平面的地區，境內佈滿堤防以及其他水利工程，因此還擁有獨有的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="水利委員會 (荷蘭)" data-lang-code="nl" data-lang-name="荷兰语" data-foreign-title="Waterschap (Nederland)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="水利委員會 (荷蘭)（页面不存在）">水利委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">荷兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterschap_(Nederland)" class="extiw" title="nl:Waterschap (Nederland)"><span lang="nl" dir="auto">Waterschap (Nederland)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">Waterschap</span>），委員會的運作是獨立的，其選舉不得有政黨介入。另外荷蘭還分成25個<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E5%92%8C%E9%98%B2%E7%81%BD%E5%BB%A3%E5%9F%9F%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="安全和防災廣域行政區域 (荷蘭)">安全和防災廣域行政區域</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">Veiligheidsregio</span>），其任務是促進區域合作，以維持消防、災難防護、危機管理、健康援助、公共秩序和安全的執行。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="省份"><span id=".E7.9C.81.E4.BB.BD"></span>省份</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：省份"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰省份">荷兰省份</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷蘭省級政治">荷蘭省級政治</a></div> <p>荷兰本土分为12个<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="荷蘭省份">省</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷蘭省級政治">荷蘭省級政治</a>是構成荷蘭政治的網絡之一，省份的地位僅次於中央政府，而省級政治由十二個省分主導<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>省級單位的官員主要有三種來源：第一種是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%B0%88%E5%93%A1" title="國王專員">國王專員</a>，第二種是省議會，第三種是省行政部門，他們共享立法權，女王專員以及行政部門的官員負責執行省政府的行政權，兩者與省政府的關係就是官方所稱作的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="二元論 (政治)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dualism (politics)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E8%AB%96_(%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二元論 (政治)（页面不存在）">二元政治</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualism_(politics)" class="extiw" title="en:Dualism (politics)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dualism (politics)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th><b>荷蘭省級行政區劃圖</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <div role="img" class="nounderlines noresize" style="width: 300px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: var(--background-color-base,#ffffff); color:inherit; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Netherlands_colour.png/300px-Netherlands_colour.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="356" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Netherlands_colour.png/450px-Netherlands_colour.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Netherlands_colour.png/600px-Netherlands_colour.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="948" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:227px; top:27px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="格羅寧根省">格羅寧根省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:163px; top:51px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%A3%AB%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="菲士蘭省">菲士蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:229px; top:89px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%80%AB%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="德倫特省">德倫特省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:219px; top:133px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E7%88%BE%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="上艾瑟爾省">上艾瑟爾省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:146px; top:120px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%90%8A%E7%A6%8F%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="弗萊福蘭省">弗萊福蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:183px; top:174px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="海爾德蘭省">海爾德蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:117px; top:175px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="烏得勒支省">烏得勒支省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:87px; top:112px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北荷蘭省">北荷蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:70px; top:192px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" title="南荷蘭省">南荷蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:19px; top:249px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="澤蘭省">澤蘭省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:113px; top:237px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="北布拉班特省">北布拉班特省</a></small></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186px; top:278px"><small><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%9C%81_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="林堡省 (荷蘭)">林堡省</a></small></div> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="background:none;" cellspacing="2"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:40px;" class="unsortable">No. </th> <th style="width:110px;">省份 </th> <th style="width:120px;">首府 </th> <th style="width:100px;">最大城市 </th> <th style="width:60px;">面積<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <p><sup id="cite_ref-ProvArea_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ProvArea-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(km<sup>2</sup>) </p> </th> <th style="width:90px;">人口<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />(2015) </th> <th style="width:80px;">人口密度<br />(per km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">1</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_Groningen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_Groningen.svg/20px-Flag_Groningen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_Groningen.svg/40px-Flag_Groningen.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E7%9C%81" title="格罗宁根省">格罗宁根省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="格羅寧根">格羅寧根</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="格羅寧根">格羅寧根</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,325</td> <td style="text-align:right">582,649</td> <td style="text-align:right">250 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">2</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frisian_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Frisian_flag.svg/20px-Frisian_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Frisian_flag.svg/40px-Frisian_flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗里斯兰省">弗里斯兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E4%BC%90%E7%99%BB" title="吕伐登">呂伐登</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E4%BC%90%E7%99%BB" title="吕伐登">呂伐登</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,340</td> <td style="text-align:right">646,092</td> <td style="text-align:right">193 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">3</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Drenthe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Drenthe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Drenthe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Drenthe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Drenthe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Drenthe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Drenthe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="德伦特省">德伦特省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A3%AE" title="阿森">阿森</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%96%80_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" title="埃門 (荷蘭)">埃门</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,639</td> <td style="text-align:right">488,871</td> <td style="text-align:right">185 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">4</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Overijssel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Overijssel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Overijssel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Overijssel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Overijssel.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%9C%81" title="上艾瑟尔省">上艾瑟尔省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B2%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92" class="mw-redirect" title="茲沃勒">茲沃勒</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7" title="恩斯赫德">恩斯赫德</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3,324</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,142,360</td> <td style="text-align:right">344 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">5</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Flevoland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗莱福兰省">弗莱福兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%8A%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="萊利斯塔德">萊利斯塔德</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔梅勒">阿爾梅勒</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,415</td> <td style="text-align:right">403,280</td> <td style="text-align:right">285 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">6</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gelderland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Gelderland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gelderland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Gelderland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gelderland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Gelderland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Gelderland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="海尔德兰省">海尔德兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B4%8D%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="阿納姆">阿納姆</a><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8" title="奈梅亨">奈梅亨</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,970</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,031,123</td> <td style="text-align:right">409 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">7</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_(province)-Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg/20px-Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg/40px-Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="乌得勒支省">乌得勒支省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="烏得勒支">烏得勒支</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="烏得勒支">烏得勒支</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,383</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,268,489</td> <td style="text-align:right">916 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">8</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Holland.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Holland.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Holland.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="北荷兰省">北荷兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86" title="哈勒姆">哈勒姆</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,665</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,775,617</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,039 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">9</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="南荷兰省">南荷兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,808</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,607,150</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,282 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">10</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zeeland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="泽兰省">泽兰省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="米德尔堡 (荷兰)">米德爾堡</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="米德尔堡 (荷兰)">米德爾堡</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">1,784</td> <td style="text-align:right">381,182</td> <td style="text-align:right">213 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">11</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Brabant-Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/North_Brabant-Flag.svg/20px-North_Brabant-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/North_Brabant-Flag.svg/40px-North_Brabant-Flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="北布拉班特省">北布拉班特省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%89%98%E4%BA%A8%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="斯海爾托亨博斯">斯海爾托亨博斯</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%9B%A0%E9%9C%8D%E6%B8%A9" title="埃因霍温">埃因霍溫</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4,914</td> <td style="text-align:right">2,495,107</td> <td style="text-align:right">507 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center">12</td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Limburg_(Netherlands).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%9C%81_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="林堡省 (荷兰)">林堡省</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%9E%82%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="馬斯垂克">馬斯垂克</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%9E%82%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="馬斯垂克">馬斯垂克</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">2,150</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,115,805</td> <td style="text-align:right">519 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:right;">總計 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">33,718 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">16,922,460 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">512 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="市鎮"><span id=".E5.B8.82.E9.8E.AE"></span>市鎮</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：市鎮"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="市镇 (荷兰)">市镇 (荷兰)</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭市鎮政治">荷蘭市鎮政治</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰市镇列表">荷兰市镇列表</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg/300px-2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="358" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg/450px-2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg/600px-2019-NL-gemeenten-vol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5380" data-file-height="6417" /></a><figcaption>荷兰市鎮詳圖（截至2019年）</figcaption></figure> <p>荷兰所有的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰省份">省份</a>的下一级行政区划均为<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="市镇 (荷兰)">市镇</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">gemeenten</span>）。截至2019年1月，荷蘭共有355個市镇。<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="市镇 (荷兰)">市镇</a>是荷蘭的第二級行政區劃，也是荷蘭的第三層公共行政單位，次於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭政治">中央政府</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="荷蘭省份">省分</a><sup id="cite_ref-adm_level_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_level-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OECD2007_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OECD2007-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。市镇是由市長與市政委員所組成的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="執行委員會 (荷蘭)" data-lang-code="nl" data-lang-name="荷兰语" data-foreign-title="College van burgemeester en wethouders"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="執行委員會 (荷蘭)（页面不存在）">執行委員會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">荷兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_van_burgemeester_en_wethouders" class="extiw" title="nl:College van burgemeester en wethouders"><span lang="nl" dir="auto">College van burgemeester en wethouders</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（college van burgemeester en wethouders，簡稱college van B&W或B&W），以及<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="市議會 (荷蘭)" data-lang-code="nl" data-lang-name="荷兰语" data-foreign-title="Gemeenteraad"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市議會 (荷蘭)（页面不存在）">市議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">荷兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemeenteraad" class="extiw" title="nl:Gemeenteraad"><span lang="nl" dir="auto">Gemeenteraad</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（Gemeenteraad，簡稱GR）共同<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭市鎮政治">治理</a>。特別市的市議會則被稱為<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="島議會" data-lang-code="nl" data-lang-name="荷兰语" data-foreign-title="Eilandsraad (Caribisch Nederland)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B6%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="島議會（页面不存在）">島議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">荷兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilandsraad_(Caribisch_Nederland)" class="extiw" title="nl:Eilandsraad (Caribisch Nederland)"><span lang="nl" dir="auto">Eilandsraad (Caribisch Nederland)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（eilandsraad）。市議會每四年選舉一次<sup id="cite_ref-4year_term_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4year_term-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，市議會的成員數依所屬市的規模不等，少至九名，多至四十五名成員<sup id="cite_ref-act_no_members_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act_no_members-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。市議會是市的最高<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E6%9C%BA%E6%9E%84" class="mw-redirect" title="行政机构">行政機構</a>，負責領導公共政策的走向。執行委員會由<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="市長 (荷蘭)" data-lang-code="nl" data-lang-name="荷兰语" data-foreign-title="burgemeester"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E9%95%B7_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市長 (荷蘭)（页面不存在）">市長</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">荷兰语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/burgemeester" class="extiw" title="nl:burgemeester"><span lang="nl" dir="auto">burgemeester</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（burgemeester）和數名市政委員（wethouder）組成，握有市镇的執行權，負責執行政策的立法。市長六年一任，由中央政府指派，而市政委員則是由市議會選舉出來<sup id="cite_ref-act_mayor_term_and_aldermen_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act_mayor_term_and_aldermen-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。市長除了負責維護市的公共秩序，在緊急危難時負有指揮權之外，其餘的治理任務可自由分配給市長和市政委員，因此具體的工作分配也因市而異<sup id="cite_ref-act_sp_muni_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act_sp_muni-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Elzinga2004Ch10_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Elzinga2004Ch10-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-muni_politics_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muni_politics-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>荷蘭政府在陸續推行市的合併後，大幅減少了市鎮的數量，目前大約是自十九世紀中期行政區劃劃定以來的三分之一。市鎮又可因行政或統計的需求，被非正式地劃分為「社區」（wijken）和「鄰里」（buurten）等地區。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="公共实体（加勒比海部分）"><span id=".E5.85.AC.E5.85.B1.E5.AE.9E.E4.BD.93.EF.BC.88.E5.8A.A0.E5.8B.92.E6.AF.94.E6.B5.B7.E9.83.A8.E5.88.86.EF.BC.89"></span>公共实体（加勒比海部分）</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：公共实体（加勒比海部分）"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">荷蘭加勒比區</a></div> <p>荷蘭除本土12个省外，另外在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7" title="加勒比海">加勒比海</a>有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔">博奈尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">圣尤斯特歇斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="萨巴">萨巴</a>三个直属荷兰的三個特別行政區（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl"><i>Bijzondere gemeenten</i></span>），依荷蘭法律定義為<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%AE%9E%E4%BD%93_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" class="mw-redirect" title="公共实体 (荷兰)">公共实体</a>，合稱<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">荷蘭加勒比區</a>，並不隸屬於任何省分<sup id="cite_ref-act_sp_muni_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-act_sp_muni-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，擁有一般荷蘭本土<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%82%E9%8E%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭市鎮政治">市政府功能</a>。各島政府由一名市長（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl"><i>gezaghebber</i></span>）及市內閣（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl"><i>bestuurscollege</i></span>）組成，向各島公民選出的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="島議會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Island council (Netherlands)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B3%B6%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="島議會（页面不存在）">島議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_council_(Netherlands)" class="extiw" title="en:Island council (Netherlands)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Island council (Netherlands)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl"><i>eilandsraad</i></span>）問責。荷兰加勒比区國家辦公室（<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl"><i>Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland</i></span>）則負責稅務、治安、入出境、教育、社會福利。 </p> <table style="background:none;" cellspacing="2px"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:40px;" class="unsortable">旗幟 </th> <th style="width:140px;">名稱 </th> <th style="width:115px;">首府 </th> <th style="width:80px;">最大都市 </th> <th style="width:60px;">面積<sup id="cite_ref-BESArea_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BESArea-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> (km²) </th> <th style="width:90px;">人口<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><small>31-12-2012</small> </th> <th style="width:80px;">人口密度<br />(per km²) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔"><img alt="博奈尔" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔">博奈尔</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%A6%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="克拉伦代克">克拉伦代克</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%A6%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B" title="克拉伦代克">克拉伦代克</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">288</td> <td style="text-align:right">17,408</td> <td style="text-align:right">60 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯"><img alt="圣尤斯特歇斯" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/27px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/41px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/54px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">圣尤斯特歇斯</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF)" title="奥拉涅斯塔德 (圣尤斯特歇斯)">奥拉涅斯塔德</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%8B%89%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7_(%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF)" title="奥拉涅斯塔德 (圣尤斯特歇斯)">奥拉涅斯塔德</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">21</td> <td style="text-align:right">3,897</td> <td style="text-align:right">186 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4" title="薩巴"><img alt="薩巴" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4_(%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="薩巴 (荷蘭)">萨巴</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="博坦">博坦</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%9D%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="博坦">博坦</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13</td> <td style="text-align:right">1,991</td> <td style="text-align:right">153 </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th colspan="4" style="text-align:right;">總計 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">322 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">23,296 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">72 </th></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：外交"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG/250px-La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG/330px-La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG/500px-La_haye_palais_paix_jardin_face.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1988" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%AB" title="和平宫">和平宮</a> (<i>Vredespaleis</i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tun_Abdul_Razak(1968).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg/220px-Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg/330px-Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg/440px-Tun_Abdul_Razak%281968%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="1881" /></a><figcaption>1968年5月<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰女王">荷兰女王</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E4%B8%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%A8%9C%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B" title="朱丽安娜女王">朱丽安娜</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>副首相<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%A6%E9%98%BF%E9%83%BD%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" title="敦阿都拉萨">敦阿都拉萨</a>会面</figcaption></figure> <p>荷蘭外交歷史上的一個重要特色，就是它過去的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E7%AB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="中立國">中立性</a>。在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>之後，許多國際組織都設立在荷蘭國內，最著名的是<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="聯合國">聯合國</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95%E5%BA%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="國際法庭">國際法庭</a>組織。不過，荷蘭外交實際上放棄中立政策，先後加入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="北約">北約</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>。 </p><p>荷蘭的外交政策，基於四項基本立場：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="大西洋主義">大西洋區域合作</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%80%E9%AB%94%E5%8C%96" title="歐洲一體化">歐洲整合</a>（European integration），<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95" title="国际发展">國際發展</a>（International development），以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="國際法">國際法</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軍事"><span id=".E8.BB.8D.E4.BA.8B"></span>軍事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：軍事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭軍事">荷蘭軍事</a></div> <p>荷蘭軍隊由四個部分構成： </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D" title="荷蘭皇家陸軍">荷蘭皇家陸軍</a>（KL）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="荷蘭皇家海軍">荷蘭皇家海軍</a>（KM），包含海軍航空兵和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D%E9%99%B8%E6%88%B0%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭皇家海軍陸戰隊">海軍陸戰隊</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E7%A9%BA%E8%BB%8D" title="荷蘭皇家空軍">荷蘭皇家空軍</a>（KLu）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%86%B2%E5%85%B5%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭皇家憲兵隊">荷蘭皇家憲兵隊</a>（KMar）</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:F805_Evertsen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/F805_Evertsen.jpg/250px-F805_Evertsen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/F805_Evertsen.jpg/330px-F805_Evertsen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/F805_Evertsen.jpg/500px-F805_Evertsen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%B7%E8%BB%8D" title="荷蘭皇家海軍">荷蘭皇家海軍</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E5%B2%91%E8%99%9F%E5%B7%A1%E9%98%B2%E8%89%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="埃弗岑號巡防艦（页面不存在）">埃弗岑號巡防艦</a>（HNLMS Evertsen (F805)</figcaption></figure> <p>荷蘭以「軍隊」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Krijgsmacht</span></span>）一詞來統稱全軍，該詞衍生自戰爭（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Krijg</span></span>）和武力（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">macht</span></span>）兩詞的複合。全軍最高統帥為<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="荷兰君主">荷蘭君主</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E9%83%A8" title="荷蘭國防部">國防部</a>領導人為國防大臣、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%89%E8%BB%8D%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4" title="荷蘭三軍司令">三軍司令</a>由現役<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="四星上將">四星上將</a>者出任，陸海空各軍種各由一名<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%98%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="三星中將">三星中將</a>擔任司令。 </p><p>荷蘭軍隊在過去是採用徵兵制，到1996年後完全實施<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%9F%E5%85%B5%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="募兵制">募兵制</a>；目前荷蘭國防部僱用四萬八千名武裝人員以及兩萬一千人的文職人員，其中包括文職人員和軍事人員也有雇用女性。軍事費用在2009年大概佔GDP的1.65％，2010年11月國防部表示將削減一百萬歐元的國防預算；同時甫上任不久的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E4%BC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汉斯·希伦（页面不存在）">汉斯·希伦</a>表示將會裁減一萬餘的人員並有更大規模的裁軍計畫，其具體內容為军事演习次数减少20%，舰艇海上巡逻时间减少11%，领空飞行巡逻任务减少10%，这样的削减内容不胜枚举<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。截至2020年，其軍事費所佔GDP比例已降至1.48％<sup id="cite_ref-NATO_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NATO-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="经济"><span id=".E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="荷兰经济">荷兰经济</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="综述"><span id=".E7.BB.BC.E8.BF.B0"></span>综述</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节：综述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰经济高度发达，2024年人均GDP達67,984美元，居世界第十位，2011年人类发展指数高居世界第三位，为西方十大经济强国之一<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。是世界第三大农产品出口国和世界主要造船国。荷兰自然资源相对贫乏，但天然气储量丰富，2005年开采量达745亿立方米，自给之余还能出口<sup id="cite_ref-vorige.nrc.nl_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vorige.nrc.nl-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷兰交通十分发达，运输总量佔欧盟的30%。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="工业"><span id=".E5.B7.A5.E4.B8.9A"></span>工业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节：工业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%97%85" title="荷兰病">荷蘭病</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amsterdam2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amsterdam2.jpg/220px-Amsterdam2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amsterdam2.jpg/330px-Amsterdam2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Amsterdam2.jpg/440px-Amsterdam2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>阿姆斯特丹商店街</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg/220px-North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg/330px-North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg/440px-North_Sea_oil_platform.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>海上石油台</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Huizen-kalkovens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Huizen-kalkovens.jpg/220px-Huizen-kalkovens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Huizen-kalkovens.jpg/330px-Huizen-kalkovens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Huizen-kalkovens.jpg/440px-Huizen-kalkovens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1931" data-file-height="1247" /></a><figcaption>陶瓷工廠</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adamchinatown10.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Adamchinatown10.JPG/250px-Adamchinatown10.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Adamchinatown10.JPG/330px-Adamchinatown10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Adamchinatown10.JPG/500px-Adamchinatown10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>中國城</figcaption></figure> <p>荷兰工业非常发达，主要工业部门有食品加工、<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a>化工、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91" class="mw-redirect" title="冶金">冶金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E6%A2%B0" title="机械">机械</a>制造、电子、<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A2%E9%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="钢铁">钢铁</a>、造船、印刷、钻石加工等。鹿特丹是欧洲最大的炼油中心。荷兰有许多著名的跨国公司，2011年共有12家荷兰企业进入“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C500%E5%BC%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="世界500强">世界500强</a>”<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>如：<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%BC%E7%89%8C%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="殼牌公司">荷兰皇家壳牌集团</a>（由荷兰皇家石油公司与英国壳牌运输和贸易公司于1907年合并而成，是世界最大工业公司之一，雄踞世界500强企业第二名<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其成品石油和石化燃料的生产和销售能力居世界第二位，为世界第二大石油公司）；<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="飞利浦">飞利浦</a>电子公司（成立于1891年，居世界500强企业第277位，在全球电子电器企业中排前十名。其照明设备、彩色显像管、电动剃须刀、X光分析仪及音响设备在同行业居领先地位）；<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8E" title="联合利华">联合利华</a>公司（成立于1930年，在世界500强企业中排第136名，是全球最大的日用品和食品生产企业之一，分鹿特丹和伦敦两个总部，荷兰负责<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E5%93%81" class="mw-redirect" title="食品">食品</a>生产，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>负责日用化工品生产）；阿克苏·诺贝尔公司（世界著名化工和医药企业，1994年由荷兰阿克苏公司和瑞典诺贝尔公司合并而成，列世界500强企业第479位）<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278" /><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>從1950年代開始，荷蘭發現了以<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格羅寧根天然氣田" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Groningen gas field"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E5%AF%A7%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A9%E7%84%B6%E6%B0%A3%E7%94%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="格羅寧根天然氣田（页面不存在）">格羅寧根天然氣田</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groningen_gas_field" class="extiw" title="en:Groningen gas field"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Groningen gas field</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>為主的巨大天然氣資源。數十年來，天然氣的銷售為荷蘭創造了龎大的收入，為政府的預算增加了數千億歐元<sup id="cite_ref-vorige.nrc.nl_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vorige.nrc.nl-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而另一方面，荷蘭獲得了過度富裕的生活，隨著天然氣出口的增加，當時的本國貨幣<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭盾">荷蘭盾</a>的匯率也隨之上升，伴隨著勞動者薪水上漲，導致生產成本大幅攀升，工業產品的國際競爭力急速下滑，工人失業造成經濟惡化。伴隨著經濟惡化，由於經濟增長時期大幅提高的社會保障體系負擔對政府財政產生了巨大壓力，財政赤字也隨之急速增加。1977年《<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E5%AD%B8%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="經濟學人">經濟學人</a>》也將這種由於出口自然資源，導致貨幣匯率上升，因而工業出口減少、國內製造業衰退的現象，稱為『<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%97%85" title="荷兰病">荷兰病</a>』<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>當時由首相<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B" title="維姆·科克">維姆·科克</a>所領導的政府，呼籲各界能夠共體時艱以應經濟問題，於是下令三年內勞方不得要求加薪，相反的資方做出的承諾是三年內不得裁員，最後荷蘭的經濟也成功再度復甦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="农业"><span id=".E5.86.9C.E4.B8.9A"></span>农业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节：农业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Floriculture_centre,_Lisse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg/250px-Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg/330px-Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg/500px-Floriculture_centre%2C_Lisse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>荷兰<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%91%9F" title="利瑟">利瑟</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%B1%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99" class="mw-redirect" title="鬱金香">鬱金香</a>種植</figcaption></figure> <p>荷兰土地面積不大，卻是世界上农业最发达的国家之一，荷蘭的農業部門機械化程度很高，並且非常重視國際出口<sup id="cite_ref-footprintdata_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-footprintdata-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷蘭的農產品出口值在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐盟">歐盟</a>排名第一，在全球範圍內排名第二，僅次於美國<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。农业构成中，畜牧业佔50%，园艺业佔38%，种植业佔12%。2005年荷兰曾创造农产品和食品出口额789.3亿美元的记录<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷兰人平均一人拥有十分之一头牛<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、一头猪，处于畜牧业最发达国家行列。荷兰面积仅约41500平方公里，但全国却有110平方公里用于种植鲜花和果蔬的温室，因而享有“欧洲花园”的美誉。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E5%8D%89" class="mw-redirect" title="花卉">花卉</a>是荷兰的支柱性产业，年出口额达100亿欧元，出口量佔国际市场的60%<sup id="cite_ref-USDA_Foreign_Agriculture_Service_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDA_Foreign_Agriculture_Service-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷兰还是世界上<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="奶酪">奶酪</a>产量最大的国家，世界上成立最早的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E8%BE%BE" title="豪达">豪达</a>奶酪交易中心久负盛名，其运营时间已有300多年之久；北部的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E4%BB%95%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="菲仕蘭省">菲仕蘭省</a>是另一個<a href="/wiki/%E9%85%AA%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD" title="酪農業">酪農業</a>發達的地區，著名的黑白雙色<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0%E7%89%9B" title="荷尔斯泰因牛">荷斯坦牛</a>（Holstein）與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E9%A9%AC" title="弗里斯兰马">弗里斯兰马</a>（Friesian horse）皆源自於此。此外，荷兰也是<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%93%83%E8%96%AF" title="马铃薯">马铃薯</a>种植最主要的生产国之一。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="服务业"><span id=".E6.9C.8D.E5.8A.A1.E4.B8.9A"></span>服务业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节：服务业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>自上世纪80年代以来，服务业迅速发展，成为荷兰国民经济的支柱。主要产业为运输、银行、保险、股市、旅游及餐饮等。荷兰拥有多家著名银行和金融机构。例如：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="荷兰银行">荷兰银行</a>（由荷兰通用银行和阿姆斯特丹-鹿特丹银行于1991年合并而成，在全球拥有3000多家分支机构，是世界上拥有银行网络最多的银行之一。银行排名居欧洲前十、世界前20名）；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰国际集团">荷兰国际集团</a>（即ING，由荷兰中产-邮政集团与荷兰国民人寿保险公司于1991年合并而成。为荷兰第一大金融机构，在2011年世界500强企业中名列第17位）；<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E9%8A%80%E8%A1%8C" title="荷蘭合作銀行">荷兰农业合作银行</a>（由荷兰数家农村信用社于1973年合并而成，是荷兰第二大银行，居全球银行50强）。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="旅游业"><span id=".E6.97.85.E6.B8.B8.E4.B8.9A"></span>旅游业</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节：旅游业"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" title="荷蘭觀光">荷蘭觀光</a></div> <p>有“欧洲花园”和“风车之国”之称的荷兰旅游业较为发达。2011年，有1130萬外國遊客造訪了荷蘭<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。久负盛名的拦海造陆工程、美丽宜人的郁金香种植区（荷兰有“郁金香王国”之称，郁金香是其国花）、著名的奶酪小城豪达（拥有世界第一家奶酪交易中心）、充满古老气息的大型风车群（荷兰是风车最多的国家）都是旅游观光的好去处。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="对外贸易"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.A4.96.E8.B4.B8.E6.98.93"></span>对外贸易</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节：对外贸易"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰自古便是贸易强国，在17世纪上半叶有“海上马车夫”之称，首都阿姆斯特丹在当时的地位可与当今的纽约相提并论。时至今日，荷兰在对外贸易方面仍处于世界领先地位，荷兰是仅次于美国和法国的世界第三大农产品出口国。荷兰主要进口工业原料、原油、半成品和机械等。60%的产品供出口，主要为石油制品、电子产品、船舶和农产品等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="交通运输"><span id=".E4.BA.A4.E9.80.9A.E8.BF.90.E8.BE.93"></span>交通运输</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节：交通运输"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="荷蘭交通">荷蘭交通</a></div> <p>荷兰的水陆空交通均十分便利。境内河道纵横，水路四通八达。流经南部注入北海的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E8%8C%B5%E6%B2%B3" title="莱茵河">莱茵河</a>是世界上航运最繁忙的河流之一。其河口的<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>是世界顶级大港，吞吐量曾连续42年居世界第一。<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="阿姆斯特丹机场">阿姆斯特丹机场</a>为欧洲重要航空港，曾多次被评为世界最佳机场。荷兰人环保意识极强，人均拥有两辆自行车，自行车是重要的交通工具，城市干道建有自行车专用车道。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鐵公路"><span id=".E9.90.B5.E5.85.AC.E8.B7.AF"></span>鐵公路</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节：鐵公路"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="荷蘭鐵路">荷蘭鐵路</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8_(%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%85%E5%AE%A2%E4%BA%BA%E6%AC%A1%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D)" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭鐵路車站列表 (依旅客人次排名)">荷蘭鐵路車站列表 (依旅客人次排名)</a></div> <p>荷蘭擁有世界上最密集的公路網之一，密度超過<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a>，但略不及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a><sup id="cite_ref-WBroaddense_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WBroaddense-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。荷蘭的公路總長度達139,000公里，其中3,530公里是<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="高速公路">高速公路</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIA_Roadways_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA_Roadways-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="荷蘭鐵路">荷蘭鐵路</a>是荷蘭主要的鐵路公司，負責營運該國之鐵路。荷蘭鐵路網長達3,013公里，並連接了所有主要城鎮和城市，擁有400多個車站。為歐盟第7繁忙，世界第16繁忙的鐵路系統<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自行車"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E8.A1.8C.E8.BB.8A"></span>自行車</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节：自行車"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fietsstraat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fietsstraat.jpg/220px-Fietsstraat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fietsstraat.jpg/330px-Fietsstraat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Fietsstraat.jpg/440px-Fietsstraat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>荷蘭的自行車道</figcaption></figure> <p>在荷蘭，騎<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8A" title="自行車">自行車</a>是一種普遍的交通方式，境內擁有發達的自行車道，延伸至該國各地以及比利時和德國的邊界。據估計，荷蘭境內至少有1800萬輛自行車，比全國的總人口還多<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，也是境內汽車數量（900萬輛）的兩倍<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。36％的荷蘭人將自行車作為日常的交通工具。在2013年，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐洲自行車者聯盟" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="European Cyclists' Federation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%8C%E8%BB%8A%E8%80%85%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="歐洲自行車者聯盟（页面不存在）">歐洲自行車者聯盟</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Cyclists%27_Federation" class="extiw" title="en:European Cyclists' Federation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">European Cyclists' Federation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>將荷蘭和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="丹麥">丹麥</a>列為歐洲對自行車最友好的國家<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水運"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E9.81.8B"></span>水運</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=33" title="编辑章节：水運"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maasvlakte,_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg/220px-Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg/330px-Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg/440px-Maasvlakte%2C_containeropslag_foto1_2014-03-09_11.12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4329" data-file-height="3247" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%B8%AF" title="鹿特丹港">鹿特丹港</a>是歐洲最大的港口</figcaption></figure> <p>荷兰海运发达，是欧洲最重要的海运中心之一。截至2013年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%B8%AF" title="鹿特丹港">鹿特丹港</a>是歐洲最大的港口，並為世界第八大集裝箱港口，每年處理4.405億公噸貨物<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，除此之外还拥有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%B8%AF" title="阿姆斯特丹港">阿姆斯特丹港</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E6%B8%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泽兰港（页面不存在）">泽兰港</a>等港口。荷兰内河航运网络稠密程度居欧洲之最。截至2013年，荷兰内河航运（包括天然河流和人工运河）运输总里程为6,242公里。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="航空"><span id=".E8.88.AA.E7.A9.BA"></span>航空</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=34" title="编辑章节：航空"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E5%8F%B2%E5%9F%BA%E6%B5%A6%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場">阿姆斯特丹史基浦機場</a>座落於<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>西南方的市郊，為荷蘭主要的進出門戶，同時也是欧洲重要航空港，2019年是<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%A2%E9%81%8B%E9%87%8F%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="全歐洲客運量最多的機場">歐洲第三繁忙的機場</a><sup id="cite_ref-Amsterdam_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。史基浦機場是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" title="荷蘭皇家航空">荷蘭皇家航空</a>的樞紐機場，荷蘭皇家航空是其中一間歷史最悠久且從未更名的航空公司，更是第一家營運達到一百年的航空公司。荷蘭本土其餘較小的國際機場包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="鹿特丹海牙机场">鹿特丹海牙機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%9B%A0%E9%9C%8D%E6%BA%AB%E6%A9%9F%E5%A0%B4" title="埃因霍溫機場">埃因霍溫機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA-%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="格罗宁根机场-埃德">格罗宁根机场</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%9A%E7%90%9B%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="马斯特里赫特亚琛机场">马斯特里赫特亚琛机场</a>。荷蘭加勒比區則有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="博奈爾">博奈爾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%83%88%E9%B8%9F%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="火烈鸟国际机场">火烈鳥國際機場</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">圣尤斯特歇斯</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="罗斯福机场">F.D.罗斯福机场</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4" title="薩巴">薩巴</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%94%C2%B7E%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E5%8A%B3%E6%96%AF%E9%87%91%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" title="胡安乔·E·伊劳斯金机场">胡安乔·E·伊劳斯金机场</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="通訊"><span id=".E9.80.9A.E8.A8.8A"></span>通訊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=35" title="编辑章节：通訊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰拥有较先进的互联网基础设施，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿姆斯特丹互联网交换中心" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Amsterdam Internet Exchange"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿姆斯特丹互联网交换中心（页面不存在）">阿姆斯特丹互联网交换中心</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Internet_Exchange" class="extiw" title="en:Amsterdam Internet Exchange"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Amsterdam Internet Exchange</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（AMS-IX）在欧洲同类设施中规模最大。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E9%9B%BB%E4%BF%A1" title="荷蘭皇家電信">荷蘭皇家電信</a>目前為荷蘭固定網和移動業務的主要電信運營商；国内市场占有率高达50%，同時其移動網路業務覆蓋<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲">歐洲</a>其他國家，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人口和社会"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3.E5.92.8C.E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A"></span>人口和社会</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=36" title="编辑章节：人口和社会"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">荷兰人口</a></div> <div style="width: 400px; float: right; overflow: hidden; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: ; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: solid 1px silver; background: none; font-size: 80%; padding: 5px 0;"><table style="width: 100%; background-color: none;"><caption>人口金字塔 (2011年普查)</caption><tbody><tr style="text-align: center; background: inherit;"><th scope="col">男性</th><th scope="col">年齡</th><th scope="col">女性</th></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:0.025578947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">243 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden"> 100+ </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:0.16431578947368%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">1,561 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:0.31168421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">2,961 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden"> 95-99 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:1.4428421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">13,707 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:1.9802105263158%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">18,812 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden"> 90-94 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:6.0398947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">57,379 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:7.0472631578947%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">66,949 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">85-89 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:15.274421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">145,107 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:14.668210526316%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">139,348 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">80-84 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:23.313684210526%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">221,480 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:23.064%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">219,108 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">75-79 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:29.496105263158%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">280,213 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:31.846526315789%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">302,542 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">70-74 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:35.260631578947%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">334,976 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:41.128947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">390,725 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">65-69 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:42.087894736842%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">399,835 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:58.257473684211%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">553,446 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">60-64 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:57.916421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">550,206 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:57.573894736842%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">546,952 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">55-59 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:57.188947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">543,295 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:63.267368421053%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">601,040 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">50-54 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:62.660947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">595,279 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:68.979157894737%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">655,302 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">45-49 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:67.683157894737%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">642,990 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:68.806736842105%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">653,664 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">40-44 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:67.606421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">642,261 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:58.977789473684%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">560,289 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">35-39 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:59.082%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">561,279 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:52.981368421053%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">503,323 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">30-34 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:52.783263157895%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">501,441 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:53.064947368421%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">504,117 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">25-29 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:52.360105263158%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">497,421 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:55.017578947368%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">522,667 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">20-24 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:53.901263157895%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">512,062 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:54.192631578947%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">514,830 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">15-19 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:51.780421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">491,914 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:53.786736842105%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">510,974 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">10-14 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:51.343789473684%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">487,766 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:53.040210526316%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">503,882 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">5-9 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:50.668105263158%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">481,347 </div></td></tr><tr><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:right; margin-left:auto; width:49.716631578947%; height:1.5em; background: #ADD8E6;"></div><div style="float:right; text-align: right; margin:0 0.5em 0 auto">472,308 </div></td><th scope="row" style="width: 10%; text-align: center;"><span style="display: block; width: 100%; overflow: hidden">0-4 </span></th><td style="width: 45%;"><div style="float:left; margin-right:auto; width:47.452421052632%; height:1.5em; background: #FFC0CB;"></div><div style="float:left; text-align: left; margin:0 auto 0 0.5em">450,798 </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="人口"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E5.8F.A3"></span>人口</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=37" title="编辑章节：人口"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰是世界上<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>最高的国家之一。它的人口密度超过400人／平方公里。 </p><p>在荷兰居住着多个种族的人群。尽管如此，纯正荷兰血统的居民仍占总人口的大多数。<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png/220px-BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png/330px-BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/BevolkinsdichtheidNederland.png 2x" data-file-width="408" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>荷兰<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="人口密度">人口密度</a>示意图（2006）</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>80.9% <a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA" title="荷蘭人">荷兰人</a></li> <li>2.4% <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="印度尼西亚人">印度尼西亚人</a></li> <li>2.4% <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="德国人">德国人</a></li> <li>2.2% <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E4%BA%BA" title="土耳其人">土耳其人</a></li> <li>2.0% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="苏里南人（页面不存在）">苏里南人</a></li> <li>1.9% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="摩洛哥人（页面不存在）">摩洛哥人</a></li> <li>0.8% <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%AE%89%E7%AC%AC%E5%88%97%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷属安第列斯（页面不存在）">荷属安第列斯</a>人和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4%E4%BA%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿鲁巴人（页面不存在）">阿鲁巴人</a></li> <li>6.0% 其他种族</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语言"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>语言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=38" title="编辑章节：语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰语">荷兰语</a>是荷兰的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="官方语言">官方语言</a>之一，属於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" title="日耳曼语族">日耳曼语族</a>下的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西日耳曼语支">西日耳曼语支</a>，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭">荷蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E9%87%8C%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="苏里南">苏里南</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="阿鲁巴">阿鲁巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" title="库拉索">库拉索</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属圣马丁">荷属圣马丁</a>等地的官方語言。在荷兰全境、比利时北部的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="佛兰德斯">佛兰德斯</a>地区和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="法國法蘭德斯地區">法国法兰德斯地区</a>通用。欧洲约有两千四百万人以荷兰语为第一语言。曾經被荷蘭統治了三个半世紀的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="印度尼西亞">印度尼西亞</a>也有少量日常的使用。 </p><p>荷兰语字母表由26或27個<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>组成，除A至Z外，在Y后面有一个 <a href="/wiki/%C4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ĳ">Ĳ</a> 。荷兰语有时用 Ĳ 代替Y。 </p><p>荷兰语与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>接近，同属<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E8%AF%AD%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="西日耳曼语支">西日耳曼语支</a>。荷兰语是由古代低地德语诸方言演变而来，最早的荷兰语文献可追溯到12世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="佛兰德">佛兰德</a>。当代荷兰语是五种方言群体的集合：中西部方言（包括南、北荷兰省、乌德勒支、海尔德兰的大部和西兰的岛屿等地区使用的方言），东北方言（格罗宁根、德伦特、上艾瑟尔和海尔德兰东部使用的方言），中南部方言（北布拉班特及其周边的林堡地区，比利时的安特卫普、布拉班特和东佛兰德），西南部方言（西佛兰德）和东南部方言（荷兰的林堡地区大部和比利时的同名地区）。东北方言通常被称为萨克森方言，东南方言被称为东部低地法兰克方言，其他的三个群体则被称为西部低地法兰克方言。荷兰的弗里斯兰省的语言通常单独列为一种语言：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="弗里斯兰语">弗里斯兰语</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a>，又称“南非荷兰语”“阿非利卡语”“阿非利堪斯语”“布尔语”，是17世紀殖民者所說的荷蘭語的變種，并融合了相當數量的馬來、班圖諸語言的词汇和語法，南非白人的祖先名為<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="布爾人">布爾人</a>，其名稱的由來是來自荷蘭語中boer（农夫）這個單詞。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非语">南非语</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="南非共和国">南非共和国</a>的官方语言之一。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="英語">英語</a>是荷兰普遍使用的外语之一，官方宣稱有95%－98%的人口能使用英語。此外，英语是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="荷属圣马丁">荷属圣马丁</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E7%8A%B9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣犹斯特歇斯（页面不存在）">圣犹斯特歇斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="萨巴">萨巴</a>的官方语言。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%9A%AE%E9%98%BF%E9%97%A8%E6%89%98%E8%AF%AD" title="帕皮阿门托语">帕皮阿门托语</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%9E%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94" title="荷属加勒比">荷属加勒比</a>的通用语之一，也是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%B2%81%E5%B7%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="阿鲁巴">阿鲁巴</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔">博奈尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" title="库拉索">库拉索</a>的官方语言。该语言是一种基于葡萄牙语的克里奥尔语，并同时受到西班牙语和荷兰语的深刻影响。该语言现有两种不同标准的正写法。一种通行于阿鲁巴，另一种通行于博奈尔和库拉索。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宗教"><span id=".E5.AE.97.E6.95.99"></span>宗教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=39" title="编辑章节：宗教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭宗教（页面不存在）">荷蘭宗教</a></div> <p>荷蘭保障<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="宗教自由">宗教自由</a>。現在相對於其他歐洲國家，荷蘭是目前歐洲最世俗化的國家之一，67.8%的人<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="無宗教信仰">無宗教信仰</a>，或不參加宗教活動。荷蘭的主要宗教包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99" title="天主教">天主教</a>（17%）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="基督新教">基督新教</a>（13%）。天主教徒主要在南部地區，而基督新教，主要是荷蘭<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%B8%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%97" title="歸正宗">歸正宗</a>教會，屬於<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="喀爾文教派">喀爾文教派</a>，歷史上曾經人人虔信，現在卻已式微。另外由于<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97" title="穆斯林">穆斯林</a>移民大增，達到全国人口的5%，使<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="伊斯蘭教">伊斯蘭教</a>成為荷蘭第三大宗教。此外，荷蘭还有许多<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="佛教">佛教</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%95%99" title="印度教">印度教</a>的信徒。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="宽容的社会风气"><span id=".E5.AE.BD.E5.AE.B9.E7.9A.84.E7.A4.BE.E4.BC.9A.E9.A3.8E.E6.B0.94"></span>宽容的社会风气</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=40" title="编辑章节：宽容的社会风气"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭同性婚姻">荷蘭同性婚姻</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%AE%89%E6%A8%82%E6%AD%BB%E8%AD%B0%E9%A1%8C" title="荷蘭安樂死議題">荷蘭安樂死議題</a></div> <p>荷兰以社会风气宽容开放著称。通常，荷兰的形象会与贸易、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99" title="郁金香">郁金香</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-disambig" title="風車">风车</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E9%9E%8B" title="木鞋">木鞋</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="奶酪">奶酪</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E8%93%9D%E5%BD%A9%E9%87%89%E9%99%B6%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="白蓝彩釉陶器（页面不存在）">白蓝彩釉陶器</a>等等相联系。在2001年4月1日，荷兰成为全球第一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E5%A9%9A%E5%A7%BB" title="同性婚姻">同性婚姻</a>合法化的国家 <sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在2002年4月1日，荷兰又成为全球第一个<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B9%90%E6%AD%BB" title="安乐死">安乐死</a>合法化的国家<sup id="cite_ref-Buiting-2009_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buiting-2009-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时荷兰在对待<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%BA%BB" title="大麻">大麻</a>等非致命<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81" title="毒品">毒品</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93" title="性交易">性交易</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%95%E8%83%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="堕胎">堕胎</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>是在世界范围内最为自由化的。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="城市化进程"><span id=".E5.9F.8E.E5.B8.82.E5.8C.96.E8.BF.9B.E7.A8.8B"></span>城市化进程</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=41" title="编辑章节：城市化进程"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B010%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰10万人口以上城市列表">荷兰10万人口以上城市列表</a></div> <p>荷蘭的四個最大城市是<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="烏得勒支">烏得勒支</a><sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，阿姆斯特丹是該國人口最多的城市和名義首都<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，而海牙則是國會、內閣和最高法院的所在地<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；鹿特丹擁有歐洲最大的海港<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，烏得勒支則因位置居於國土正中央，是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%90%B5%E8%B7%AF" title="荷蘭鐵路">荷蘭鐵路</a>網路的中心<sup id="cite_ref-Umon_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umon-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這四大城市所處的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E5%8F%B0%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="兰斯台德">蘭斯台德</a>都市圈擁有750萬居民，幾乎佔荷蘭人口的一半，是歐洲第6大都市圈。除此之外荷蘭還有为数众多的中等规模城镇，這些都是該國高度城市化的明证。 <br /> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84339893">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"（"counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:"，"}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:"；"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="Template:荷蘭城市排名"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="Template talk:荷蘭城市排名"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:荷蘭城市排名"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">荷兰最大城市排名</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%B1%80" title="荷蘭中央統計局">荷蘭中央統計局</a>（2020年）<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰省份">省份</a> </th> <th>人口 </th> <th>排名 </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰城市列表">名称</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰省份">省份</a> </th> <th>人口</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amsterdam_Westerkerk_Blick_vom_Turm_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="阿姆斯特丹"><img alt="阿姆斯特丹" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Amsterdam_Westerkerk_Blick_vom_Turm_15.jpg/120px-Amsterdam_Westerkerk_Blick_vom_Turm_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Amsterdam_Westerkerk_Blick_vom_Turm_15.jpg/250px-Amsterdam_Westerkerk_Blick_vom_Turm_15.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4534" data-file-height="3368" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotterdam_(6970397299).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="鹿特丹"><img alt="鹿特丹" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rotterdam_%286970397299%29.jpg/120px-Rotterdam_%286970397299%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Rotterdam_%286970397299%29.jpg/250px-Rotterdam_%286970397299%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北荷蘭省">北荷蘭省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">872,680</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%8F%80%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%A6" title="阿珀尔多伦">阿珀爾多倫</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="海尔德兰省">海尔德兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">163,706 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="海牙"><img alt="海牙" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg/120px-Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg/180px-Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg/240px-Den_Haag_Skyline_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4276" data-file-height="2702" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DomtorenUitzichtIn2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="乌得勒支"><img alt="乌得勒支" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/DomtorenUitzichtIn2009.jpg/120px-DomtorenUitzichtIn2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/DomtorenUitzichtIn2009.jpg/250px-DomtorenUitzichtIn2009.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF" title="乌得勒支">乌得勒支</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="鹿特丹">鹿特丹</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="南荷兰省">南荷兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">650,711</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%8B%92%E5%A7%86" title="哈勒姆">哈勒姆</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北荷蘭省">北荷蘭省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">162,864 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="南荷兰省">南荷兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">544,766</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B4%8D%E5%A7%86" class="mw-redirect" title="阿納姆">阿納姆</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="海尔德兰省">海尔德兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">161,260 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF" title="乌得勒支">乌得勒支</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="烏特勒支省">烏特勒支省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">357,179</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E8%B5%AB%E5%BE%B7" title="恩斯赫德">恩斯赫德</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%9C%81" title="上艾瑟尔省">上艾瑟尔省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">159,934 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E8%8D%B7%E8%8A%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="恩荷芬">恩荷芬</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北布拉邦省">北布拉邦省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">234,235</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" title="阿默斯福特">阿默斯福特</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="乌得勒支省">乌得勒支省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">157,286 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9" title="格罗宁根">格罗宁根</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E7%9C%81" title="格罗宁根省">格罗宁根省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">232,826</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9E%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7" title="赞斯塔德">赞斯塔德</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="北荷兰省">北荷兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">156,703 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1" title="蒂尔堡">蒂尔堡</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北布拉邦省">北布拉邦省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">219,632</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%8E%B1%E9%BB%98%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94" title="哈莱默梅尔">哈莱默梅尔</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="北荷兰省">北荷兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">155,770 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%A2%85%E5%8B%92" title="阿尔梅勒">阿尔梅勒</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗莱福兰省">弗莱福兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">211,514</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%89%98%E4%BA%A8%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" title="斯海尔托亨博斯">斯海尔托亨博斯</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北布拉邦省">北布拉邦省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">154,989 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E8%BE%BE" title="布雷达">布雷达</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="北布拉邦省">北布拉邦省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">184,403</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B9%E6%B2%83%E5%8B%92" title="兹沃勒">兹沃勒</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%9C%81" title="上艾瑟尔省">上艾瑟尔省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,617 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8" title="奈梅亨">奈梅亨</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="海尔德兰省">海尔德兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">177,818</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF" title="莱顿">莱顿</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="南荷兰省">南荷兰省</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">125,434 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="醫療"><span id=".E9.86.AB.E7.99.82"></span>醫療</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=42" title="编辑章节：醫療"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據2017年歐洲健康消費者組織發布的最新報告，荷蘭的醫療系統被評為歐洲最完善的醫療體系<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，為荷蘭连续第七年被评为欧洲第一。2016年，荷蘭人口的平均預期壽命為81.7歲；其中男性預期壽命為80.0歲，比歐盟的平均壽命（78.2歲）高出近兩年。女性預期壽命為83.2歲，接近歐盟平均水平<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>荷蘭是個醫療分級做得較為明確的國家，基礎醫療機構為GP（General Practitioner，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a>：<span lang="nl">huisarts</span>，即所謂家庭醫生/私人醫生），所有的荷蘭民眾都必須要註冊一個家庭醫師，有任何的疑難雜症都必須要先去家庭醫師報到，再由家庭醫師判斷是否要轉診到專門的大醫院。荷蘭有超過160間基礎醫療護理中心提供一週7天，每天24小時的服務<sup id="cite_ref-EHCI15_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EHCI15-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。另一方面，荷蘭的醫療費用也相對昂貴，不過荷蘭政府也強制規定所有荷蘭居民都必須有<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%99%82%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%AA" title="醫療保險">醫療保險</a>，但人民可以自己選擇各家不同的保險公司投保，而不同的保險公司也會有不同的方案。基本的医疗保险包括人们日常生活所需的大多数医疗服务，如普通和专科医生门诊、医学化验检查、医疗器械费用、住院医疗、处方药品、怀孕生产、以及18周岁以下未成年人的全面牙科医疗等。同時荷兰政府为低收入者提供医疗津贴，帮助交纳基本医疗保险的保险费。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=43" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="荷兰文化">荷兰文化</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building,_April_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg/250px-Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg/330px-Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg/500px-Rijksmuseum_Amsterdam_-_Main_Building%2C_April_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A6%86" title="阿姆斯特丹国家博物馆">阿姆斯特丹国家博物馆</a>是荷蘭的國家博物館及規模最大的博物館</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建筑"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E7.AD.91"></span>建筑</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=44" title="编辑章节：建筑"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰建筑的第一个辉煌时期大约起始于17世纪的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%BB%84%E9%87%91%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰黄金时代">荷兰黄金时代</a>，由于经济蓬勃的城市大为扩大，新会堂和仓库的修建。<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E4%BA%BA" title="商人">商人</a>从中大发横财，增建新建筑以及在其周围各城市挖河渠（国防、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E8%BE%93" title="运输">运输</a>用途），房子的装饰门面的翻修以适合新的市容。在乡村，新的乡村住房不断出现。涌现了一大批知名的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91%E5%B8%88" title="建筑师">建筑师</a>如：<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E5%B8%83%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%BD%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="雅各布·范·坎彭">雅各布·范·坎彭</a>（1595年-1657年）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lieven_de_Key&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lieven de Key（页面不存在）">Lieven de Key</a>（c. 1560年-1627年）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hendrik_de_Keyser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hendrik de Keyser（页面不存在）">Hendrik de Keyser</a> (1565年-1621年)。 </p><p>20世纪，荷兰建筑师更是带动了世界<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E5%BB%BA%E7%AF%89" class="mw-redirect" title="現代建築">现代建筑</a>的发展。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="艺术"><span id=".E8.89.BA.E6.9C.AF"></span>艺术</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=45" title="编辑章节：艺术"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg/250px-Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="296" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg/330px-Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg/500px-Windmill_in_Zaanse_Schans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1764" /></a><figcaption>荷兰风车</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭艺术（页面不存在）">荷蘭艺术</a></div> <p>荷兰誕生过很多著名的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%BB%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="画家">画家</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%96%B9%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88" title="北方文藝復興">北方文艺复兴</a>时期就有<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A9%E6%9C%9F%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%95%AB%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="早期尼德蘭畫派">早期尼德兰画派</a>出现。17世纪时，正值鼎盛的荷兰共和国又出现了<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" title="荷蘭黃金時代繪畫">荷兰黄金时代绘画</a><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，荷兰出现了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E5%8B%83%E6%9C%97" title="伦勃朗">伦勃朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%94" title="扬·弗美尔">扬·弗美尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%81%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="扬·斯特恩">扬·斯特恩</a>和其他一些画家；據估計在1640年之後的20年內荷蘭畫家繪製了大約130萬幅作品。19世纪和20世纪的画家包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="梵谷">梵谷</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="皮特·蒙德里安">皮特·蒙德里安</a>。而<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E8%88%8D%E5%B0%94" title="莫里茨·科内利斯·埃舍尔">莫里茨·科内利斯·埃舍尔</a>亦是一位知名的图形艺术家。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83131740">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output 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width="127" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Girl_with_a_Pearl_Earring.jpg/330px-Girl_with_a_Pearl_Earring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1808" data-file-height="2138" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E6%A2%85%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="杨·维梅尔">楊·維梅爾</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%8F%8D%E7%8F%A0%E8%80%B3%E7%92%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%B3" title="戴珍珠耳環的少女">戴珍珠耳環的少女</a>》（約1665年）</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VanGogh_1887_Selbstbildnis.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="梵谷自画像，1887年"><img alt="梵谷自画像，1887年" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/VanGogh_1887_Selbstbildnis.jpg/120px-VanGogh_1887_Selbstbildnis.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/VanGogh_1887_Selbstbildnis.jpg/250px-VanGogh_1887_Selbstbildnis.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1783" data-file-height="2250" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%B0%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="梵谷">梵谷</a>自画像，1887年</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="哲学和文学"><span id=".E5.93.B2.E5.AD.A6.E5.92.8C.E6.96.87.E5.AD.A6"></span>哲学和文学</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=46" title="编辑章节：哲学和文学"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>荷兰的哲学家包括<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F" title="伊拉斯谟">伊拉斯谟</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%BE%E8%AF%BA%E8%8E%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯宾诺莎">斯宾诺莎</a>。法国哲学家<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%84%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="笛卡儿">笛卡儿</a>的主要著作也完成于此。 </p><p>在“黄金年代”，荷兰的文学也曾十分繁荣，产生了<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="约斯特·范·登·冯德尔">约斯特·范·登·冯德尔</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%AD%94%E5%A5%88%E8%B7%AF%E6%80%9D%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彼得·孔奈路思·霍夫特（页面不存在）">彼得·孔奈路思·霍夫特</a>（Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft）两位著名作家。二十世纪的主要作家包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E9%87%8C%E6%96%BD" title="哈里·穆里施">哈里·穆里施</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%8A%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="楊·沃爾克斯（页面不存在）">楊·沃爾克斯</a>（Jan Wolkers）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E8%B2%BB%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BB%A3%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西蒙·費斯特代克（页面不存在）">西蒙·費斯特代克</a>（Simon Vestdijk）、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%AB%BE%E7%89%B9%E5%8D%9A%E5%A7%86" title="塞斯·諾特博姆">塞斯·諾特博姆</a>（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Cees Nooteboom</span></span>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="赫拉德·雷夫（页面不存在）">赫拉德·雷夫</a>（Gerard Reve）和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·弗雷德里克·赫爾曼斯（页面不存在）">威廉·弗雷德里克·赫爾曼斯</a>（Willem Frederik Hermans）。《<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A6%AE%E6%97%A5%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="安妮日记">安妮日记</a>》也是作于荷兰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="體育"><span id=".E9.AB.94.E8.82.B2"></span>體育</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=47" title="编辑章节：體育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭體育">荷蘭體育</a></div> <p>與其他歐洲國家一樣，<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83" title="足球">足球</a>是荷蘭的第一運動，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭國家足球隊">荷蘭國家足球隊</a>是歐洲的一線強隊，有“橙衣兵團”以及“無冕之王”的稱號，曾經三次获得<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="世界杯足球賽">世界杯</a>亚军，並於1988年<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%89%E5%8A%8D%E5%AE%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭三劍客">荷蘭三劍客</a>時期奪得<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E7%9B%83" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲國家盃">歐洲國家盃</a>的冠軍。荷蘭同時亦誕生出<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%91%8A%E9%AD%AF%E5%A4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="約翰·告魯夫">克鲁伊夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%97%E5%A5%B4%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="朗奴·高文">罗纳德·科曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E9%81%94%E6%B2%99" class="mw-redirect" title="雲達沙">范德萨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%E9%81%94%E8%90%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="雲尼斯達萊">范尼斯特鲁伊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%B2%E4%BD%A9%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="雲佩斯">范佩西</a>等眾多著名足球員。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%94%B2%E7%B5%84%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E8%81%AF%E8%B3%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭甲組足球聯賽">荷蘭甲組足球聯賽</a>是荷蘭最高級別足球聯賽<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，較知名的球隊包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E4%BF%B1%E6%A8%82%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="阿賈克斯足球俱樂部">阿積士</a>、<a href="/wiki/PSV%E7%87%95%E8%B1%AA%E8%8A%AC" title="PSV燕豪芬">PSV燕豪芬</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E7%87%95%E8%AB%BE" title="飛燕諾">飛燕諾</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭國家女子足球隊">荷蘭國家女子足球隊</a>為歐洲進步最快的女子國家足球隊之一，先於<a href="/wiki/2017%E5%B9%B4%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E9%8C%A6%E6%A8%99%E8%B3%BD" title="2017年歐洲女子足球錦標賽">2017年歐洲女子足球錦標賽</a>赢得首个重大国际比赛冠军<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，後於<a href="/wiki/2019%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%B6%B3%E5%8D%94%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E7%9B%83" title="2019年國際足協女子世界盃">2019年國際足協女子世界盃</a>獲得亞軍。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83" title="棒球">棒球</a>在荷蘭本土雖不普及，但在其海外屬地<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="庫拉索">庫拉索</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4" title="阿魯巴">阿魯巴</a>非常盛行<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭棒球代表隊">荷蘭棒球代表隊</a>亦常在各大國際賽事中奪下佳績，曾於2013年、2017年連兩屆於<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%A3%92%E7%90%83%E7%B6%93%E5%85%B8%E8%B3%BD" title="世界棒球經典賽">世界棒球經典賽</a>進入四強，是歐洲最具代表性的棒球勁旅。 </p><p>荷蘭擁有一些獨特的傳統體育競賽，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%80%E5%80%8B%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%B7%A1%E8%BF%B4%E8%B3%BD" title="十一個城市巡迴賽">十一個城市巡迴賽</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E4%BB%95%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="菲仕蘭省">菲仕蘭省</a>的一項傳統長途巡迴溜冰比賽，這項競賽需沿著結冰的河面，河流和湖泊穿越該省所有11個歷史名城，因此得名。 </p><p>荷蘭迄今為止已經在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A5%E8%BF%90%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="夏季奥运会">夏季奧運會</a>獲得230塊金牌，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3%E5%A5%A7%E9%81%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="冬季奧運會">冬季奧運會</a>獲得76塊獎牌。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="飲食"><span id=".E9.A3.B2.E9.A3.9F"></span>飲食</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=48" title="编辑章节：飲食"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="荷蘭飲食">荷蘭飲食</a></div> <p>荷蘭傳統飲食文化比較簡單。早餐和午餐通常是<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包">麵包</a>和配菜。晚餐則主要是肉和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%88%B4%E8%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="馬鈴薯">馬鈴薯</a>。荷蘭人的碳水化合物和脂肪攝取量較高，顯示出體力勞動者的飲食需要，並且荷蘭人的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81" title="奶制品">奶製品</a>消費量也很高。傳統荷蘭食物因地區各有不同。東部、北部受<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a>影響較濃，較多食用<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E8%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="香腸">香腸</a>；西部屬平原，畜牧業發達，盛產不同種類<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B6%E9%85%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="奶酪">奶酪</a>；南部則毗鄰<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="比利時">比利時</a>，飲食較類似於法國菜<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。20世紀後，荷蘭的飲食文化變得更加國際化。在荷蘭的大城市可以品嚐到來自世界各地的食物。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="世界遺產"><span id=".E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E9.81.BA.E7.94.A2"></span>世界遺產</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=49" title="编辑章节：世界遺產"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="locmap noviewer thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="荷兰在荷兰的位置"><img alt="荷兰在荷兰的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Netherlands_location_map.svg/300px-Netherlands_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="338" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Netherlands_location_map.svg/450px-Netherlands_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Netherlands_location_map.svg/600px-Netherlands_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="888" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span><b><div 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class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Netherlands_location_map.svg" title="File:Netherlands location map.svg"> </a></div>荷蘭世界遺產位置，紅點代表文化遺產，綠點表示自然遺產</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r66786032" /><div class="locmap noviewer thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px"><div style="position:relative;width:300px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Islands_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="荷兰在ABC群島的位置"><img alt="荷兰在ABC群島的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ABC_Islands_location_map.svg/330px-ABC_Islands_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ABC_Islands_location_map.svg/500px-ABC_Islands_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/ABC_Islands_location_map.svg/960px-ABC_Islands_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span><b><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:71.895%;left:58.333%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="威廉斯塔德"><img alt="威廉斯塔德" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7" title="威廉斯塔德">威廉斯塔德</a></div></div></div></b></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:ABC_Islands_location_map.svg" title="File:ABC Islands location map.svg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="庫拉索">庫拉索</a>的世界遺產位置</div></div></div> <p>截至2020年<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2020-Missing required parameter 1=<i>month</i>!</span>)</span><sup class="plainlinks noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>，荷蘭王國共有十項遺產入選為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E9%81%BA%E7%94%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="世界遺產">世界遺產</a><sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，包括九項文化遺產和一項自然遺產<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其中九項位於<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰本土">荷蘭本土</a>，一項位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区">加勒比地区</a>的荷蘭王國的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A7%8B%E6%88%90%E5%9C%8B" title="構成國">構成國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="庫拉索">庫拉索</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="教育"><span id=".E6.95.99.E8.82.B2"></span>教育</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=50" title="编辑章节：教育"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭教育">荷蘭教育</a></div> <p>荷蘭教育是分級、分年齡的，並依據學生的需求進行個人化調整。在荷蘭，學校被分為一般公立學校、宗教學校、中立學校等，私立學校較少<sup id="cite_ref-lobo_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lobo-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。法律上，荷蘭的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%8B%99%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="義務教育">義務教育</a>從五歲開始；但是大多數的學校會接受四歲的小童。義務教育在十六歲時結束；在十六歲之後，是部分義務教育，學生每周最少須上兩天的學<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在學生達到十八歲年紀時，他們會拿到VWO、HAVO或MBO證書，義務教育始結束。 </p><p>在2008年<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="经济合作与发展组织">经济合作与发展组织</a>所舉辦的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E8%83%BD%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="国际学生能力评估计划">国际学生能力评估计划</a>中，荷蘭在全世界排名第九，遠高於世界平均<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="著名大學"><span id=".E8.91.97.E5.90.8D.E5.A4.A7.E5.AD.B8"></span>著名大學</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=51" title="编辑章节：著名大學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png/250px-Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png/330px-Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png/500px-Academiegebouw-utrecht-the-netherlands.png 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="乌特勒支大学">乌特勒支大学</a>本部</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen,_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/250px-Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/330px-Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg/500px-Rijksuniversiteit_Groningen%2C_Hauptgeb%C3%A4ude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3638" data-file-height="3274" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="格罗宁根大学">格罗宁根大学</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TU_Eindhoven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TU_Eindhoven.jpg/220px-TU_Eindhoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TU_Eindhoven.jpg/330px-TU_Eindhoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/TU_Eindhoven.jpg/440px-TU_Eindhoven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%9B%A0%E9%9C%8D%E6%B8%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="埃因霍温理工大学">埃因霍温理工大学</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭大學列表">荷蘭大學列表</a></div> <p>荷兰在国际上享有很高学术荣誉，下為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大学学术排名</a>中排名較高的大學。<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>大学</th> <th>2020年世界排名<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="乌得勒支大学">乌得勒支大学</a></td> <td>52 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%81%E6%A0%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="格罗宁根大学">格罗宁根大学</a></td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E4%BC%8A%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E8%B0%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="鹿特丹伊拉斯谟大学">鹿特丹伊拉斯谟大学</a></td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="莱顿大学">莱顿大学</a></td> <td>80 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%88%E6%A2%85%E4%BA%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奈梅亨拉德伯德大学（页面不存在）">奈梅亨拉德伯德大学</a></td> <td>101-150 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="阿姆斯特丹大学">阿姆斯特丹大学</a></td> <td>101-150 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="阿姆斯特丹自由大学">阿姆斯特丹自由大学</a></td> <td>101-150 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%E7%89%B9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="代尔夫特理工大学">代尔夫特理工大学</a></td> <td>151-200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E8%B5%AB%E5%AE%81%E6%81%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="瓦赫宁恩大学">瓦赫宁恩大学</a></td> <td>151-200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E8%B5%AB%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="马斯特里赫特大学">马斯特里赫特大学</a></td> <td>201-300 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%9B%A0%E9%9C%8D%E6%B8%A9%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="埃因霍温理工大学">埃因霍温理工大学</a></td> <td>401-500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="屯特大学">屯特大学</a></td> <td>401-500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="蒂尔堡大学">蒂尔堡大学</a></td> <td>601-700 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="國定節日"><span id=".E5.9C.8B.E5.AE.9A.E7.AF.80.E6.97.A5"></span>國定節日</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=52" title="编辑章节：國定節日"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">日期 </th><th style="background:#efefef;">中文名称 </th> <th style="background:#efefef;">当地名称 </th><th style="background:#efefef;">注解 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1月1日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%B9%B4" title="新年">新年</a></td> <td><i>Nieuwjaarsdag</i></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3月/4月</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="复活节">复活节</a></td> <td><i>Pasen</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB%E8%8A%82" class="mw-redirect" title="复活节">复活节</a>放假两天 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4月27日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰女王日">國王日</a></td> <td><i>Koningsdag</i> </td> <td>是國王的生日。如果4月27日正好是星期日，那么國王日的庆祝活动将提前到星期六，即4月26日。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月4日</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%BB%E9%9A%BE%E7%BA%AA%E5%BF%B5%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="死难纪念日（页面不存在）">死难纪念日</a></td> <td><i>Dodenherdenking</i> </td> <td>纪念<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>死难者 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5月5日</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰解放日（页面不存在）">解放日</a></td> <td><i>Bevrijdingsdag</i> </td> <td>庆祝<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%98" title="第二次世界大战">第二次世界大战</a>中从德国占领中被解放 </td></tr> <tr> <td>复活节后第40天</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E7%A8%A3%E5%8D%87%E5%A4%A9%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="耶稣升天日">耶稣升天日</a></td> <td><i>Hemelvaartsdag</i> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>复活节后第7周</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E7%81%B5%E9%99%8D%E4%B8%B4%E6%97%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="圣灵降临日">圣灵降临日</a></td> <td><i>Pinksteren</i> </td> <td>放假两天 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月5日</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%89%8D%E5%A4%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="圣尼古拉斯前夜（页面不存在）">圣尼古拉斯前夜</a></td> <td><i>Sinterklaas</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="圣尼古拉斯">圣尼古拉斯</a>（Sinterklaas）给孩子带来礼物。 </td></tr> <tr> <td>12月25日、12月26日</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%AF%9E%E8%8A%82" title="圣诞节">圣诞节</a></td> <td><i>Kerstmis</i> </td> <td>放假两天 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=53" title="编辑章节：注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notelist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">原文為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B3%95%E8%AA%9E" title="中古法語">中古法語</a>，直譯作「我將保持下去」，意譯為「我將會堅持／持續堅守（這個國家的獨立、統一與發展）」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">由左至右依序為：<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="博奈爾">博奈爾</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4" title="薩巴">薩巴</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">聖尤斯特歇斯</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲歷史">歐洲歷史</a>上，無論是完整的「<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="荷蘭王國">荷蘭王國</a>」還是單一的「荷蘭」國家，均以「尼德蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）作為本國的正式名稱，而非常見的「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）<sup id="cite_ref-DMFA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DMFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="華語">華語</a>「荷蘭」一詞，源自於「<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>」，實際上僅僅代表該國境內的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD_(%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80)" title="荷蘭 (地區)">一個地區</a>。由於諸多歷史因素，「荷蘭」成了該國在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>語境裡的常見俗稱和正式稱呼，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国外交部">中华人民共和国外交部</a>目前對該國的官方譯名<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。詳見<a href="#名稱">名稱</a>一節。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">在某些段落中，「尼德蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Nederland</span></span>）或「荷蘭」（<span title="荷蘭語文本"><span lang="nl">Holland</span></span>）指的只是王國之下的這個主要構成國，在大多數時候，它指的是整個王國本身。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">不包含水域面積</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=54" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cbs2020-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cbs2020_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">CBS. <a rel="nofollow" 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Economic Co-operation and Development">Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development</a> (OECD). <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210324133453/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER">存档</a>于2021-03-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Surface+water+and+surface+water+change&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Organisation+for+Economic+Co-operation+and+Development+%28OECD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.oecd.org%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DSURFACE_WATER%23&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_7-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a> <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210925221834/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=50&pr.y=11&sy=2019&ey=2019&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,668,914,672,612,946,614,137,311,546,213,674,911,676,314,548,193,556,122,678,912,181,313,867,419,682,513,684,316,273,913,868,124,921,339,948,638,943,514,686,218,688,963,518,616,728,223,836,516,558,918,138,748,196,618,278,624,692,522,694,622,962,156,142,626,449,628,564,228,565,924,283,233,853,632,288,636,293,634,566,238,964,662,182,960,359,423,453,935,968,128,922,611,714,321,862,243,135,248,716,469,456,253,722,642,942,643,718,939,724,734,576,644,936,819,961,172,813,132,726,646,199,648,733,915,184,134,524,652,361,174,362,328,364,258,732,656,366,654,144,336,146,263,463,268,528,532,923,944,738,176,578,534,537,536,742,429,866,433,369,178,744,436,186,136,925,343,869,158,746,439,926,916,466,664,112,826,111,542,298,967,927,443,846,917,299,544,582,941,474,446,754,666,698&s=NGDPDPC&grp=0&a=">存档</a>于2021-09-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2019&rft.date=2019-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Outlook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2019%2F02%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D50%26pr.y%3D11%26sy%3D2019%26ey%3D2019%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D512%252C668%252C914%252C672%252C612%252C946%252C614%252C137%252C311%252C546%252C213%252C674%252C911%252C676%252C314%252C548%252C193%252C556%252C122%252C678%252C912%252C181%252C313%252C867%252C419%252C682%252C513%252C684%252C316%252C273%252C913%252C868%252C124%252C921%252C339%252C948%252C638%252C943%252C514%252C686%252C218%252C688%252C963%252C518%252C616%252C728%252C223%252C836%252C516%252C558%252C918%252C138%252C748%252C196%252C618%252C278%252C624%252C692%252C522%252C694%252C622%252C962%252C156%252C142%252C626%252C449%252C628%252C564%252C228%252C565%252C924%252C283%252C233%252C853%252C632%252C288%252C636%252C293%252C634%252C566%252C238%252C964%252C662%252C182%252C960%252C359%252C423%252C453%252C935%252C968%252C128%252C922%252C611%252C714%252C321%252C862%252C243%252C135%252C248%252C716%252C469%252C456%252C253%252C722%252C642%252C942%252C643%252C718%252C939%252C724%252C734%252C576%252C644%252C936%252C819%252C961%252C172%252C813%252C132%252C726%252C646%252C199%252C648%252C733%252C915%252C184%252C134%252C524%252C652%252C361%252C174%252C362%252C328%252C364%252C258%252C732%252C656%252C366%252C654%252C144%252C336%252C146%252C263%252C463%252C268%252C528%252C532%252C923%252C944%252C738%252C176%252C578%252C534%252C537%252C536%252C742%252C429%252C866%252C433%252C369%252C178%252C744%252C436%252C186%252C136%252C925%252C343%252C869%252C158%252C746%252C439%252C926%252C916%252C466%252C664%252C112%252C826%252C111%252C542%252C298%252C967%252C927%252C443%252C846%252C917%252C299%252C544%252C582%252C941%252C474%252C446%252C754%252C666%252C698%26s%3DNGDPDPC%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140624171931/http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf">World Happiness Report 2013</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network. 2013-09-09 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-06-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/WorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-06-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=World+Happiness+Report+2013&rft.au=Layard%2C+Richard&rft.au=Sachs%2C+Jeffrey&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Helliwell&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funsdsn.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F02%2FWorldHappinessReport2013_online.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407092341/http://handbook.reuters.com/index.php?title=H#Holland">The Reuters Style Guide</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-31</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://handbook.reuters.com/index.php?title=H#Holland">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=The+Reuters+Style+Guide&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhandbook.reuters.com%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DH%23Holland&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227003642/http://www2.media.uoa.gr/lectures/linguistic_archives/academic_papers0506/notes/stylesheets_3.pdf">The BBC News Styleguide</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-31</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.media.uoa.gr/lectures/linguistic_archives/academic_papers0506/notes/stylesheets_3.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2012-02-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=The+BBC+News+Styleguide&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.media.uoa.gr%2Flectures%2Flinguistic_archives%2Facademic_papers0506%2Fnotes%2Fstylesheets_3.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">見 Antheun Janse, "Een zichzelf verdeeld rijk" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, <i>荷蘭的歷史 Geschiedenis van Holland</i>, Vol. 1, p. 73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“Holland-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“Holland_29-0"><sup><b>25.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“Holland_29-1"><sup><b>25.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2004/07/15/styleguidepdfjuly2004.pdf">The Guardian style guide</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. London. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102012910/http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Guardian/documents/2004/07/15/styleguidepdfjuly2004.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2013-11-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=The+Guardian+style+guide&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimage.guardian.co.uk%2Fsys-files%2FGuardian%2Fdocuments%2F2004%2F07%2F15%2Fstyleguidepdfjuly2004.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holland-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holland_30-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holland_30-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Holland or the Netherlands?". Dutch Embassy in Sweden. Archived from the originalon 27 October 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/about-us/style-book/1435302/Telegraph-style-book-places-and-peoples.html">Telegraph style book: places and peoples</a>. The Daily Telegraph (London). 2008-04-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-03-31</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140330185651/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/about-us/style-book/1435302/Telegraph-style-book-places-and-peoples.html">存档</a>于2014-03-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Telegraph+style+book%3A+places+and+peoples&rft.date=2008-04-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftopics%2Fabout-us%2Fstyle-book%2F1435302%2FTelegraph-style-book-places-and-peoples.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_32-0"><sup><b>28.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_32-1"><sup><b>28.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://world.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKoB4D">“荷兰”要改名！明年1月起，你得这么叫它</a>. 环球网. 2019-12-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114161439/https://world.huanqiu.com/article/9CaKrnKoB4D">存档</a>于2020-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E2%80%9D%E8%A6%81%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D%EF%BC%81%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B41%E6%9C%88%E8%B5%B7%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E5%BE%97%E8%BF%99%E4%B9%88%E5%8F%AB%E5%AE%83&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%8E%AF%E7%90%83%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworld.huanqiu.com%2Farticle%2F9CaKrnKoB4D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">孫宇青. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1342309">明年起荷蘭正名Netherlands</a>. 自由時報. 2019-12-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-12-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229065701/https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1342309">存档</a>于2019-12-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=%E6%98%8E%E5%B9%B4%E8%B5%B7+%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%A3%E5%90%8DNetherlands&rft.au=%E5%AD%AB%E5%AE%87%E9%9D%92&rft.date=2019-12-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ltn.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpaper%2F1342309&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2019/11/08/new-international-logo-nl-with-stylised-orange-tulip">New international logo: NL with stylised orange tulip</a>. 荷兰政府网站. 2019-11-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114141533/https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2019/11/08/new-international-logo-nl-with-stylised-orange-tulip">存档</a>于2020-01-14） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=New+international+logo%3A+NL+with+stylised+orange+tulip&rft.date=2019-11-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2019%2F11%2F08%2Fnew-international-logo-nl-with-stylised-orange-tulip&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">荷兰旅游局官方微博. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://weibo.com/1580792577/In8RDjJpE">我们的官方名称还叫“荷兰”哦！请叫我们“荷兰Netherlands”</a>. 新浪微博. 2019-12-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114171602/https://www.weibo.com/1580792577/In8RDjJpE">存档</a>于2020-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.au=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E5%B1%80%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%BE%AE%E5%8D%9A&rft.btitle=%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0%E8%BF%98%E5%8F%AB%E2%80%9C%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E2%80%9D%E5%93%A6%EF%BC%81%E8%AF%B7%E5%8F%AB%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E2%80%9C%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0Netherlands%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2019-12-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%96%B0%E6%B5%AA%E5%BE%AE%E5%8D%9A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweibo.com%2F1580792577%2FIn8RDjJpE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="需註冊"><img alt="需註冊" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">荷蘭貿易暨投資辦事處. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.facebook.com/NTIOTaiwan/posts/2374397175998933">facebook貼文</a>. facebook. 2019-12-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212015616/https://www.facebook.com/NTIOTaiwan/posts/2374397175998933">存档</a>于2020-02-12）. <q>荷蘭的正式國名（荷語：Koninkrijk der Nederlanden，英語：Kingdom of the Netherlands）在中文是「荷蘭王國」，我們也會延續自清朝以来的傳統，繼續稱作「荷蘭」。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=facebook%E8%B2%BC%E6%96%87&rft.au=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E6%9A%A8%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87%E8%BE%A6%E4%BA%8B%E8%99%95&rft.date=2019-12-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=facebook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNTIOTaiwan%2Fposts%2F2374397175998933&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/zw/gj/2019/12-31/9048090.shtml">荷兰只是换个国家徽标，为啥闹出了“改名”乌龙？</a>. 中国新闻网. 2019-12-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114170144/https://m.chinanews.com/wap/detail/zw/gj/2019/12-31/9048090.shtml">存档</a>于2020-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8F%AA%E6%98%AF%E6%8D%A2%E4%B8%AA%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%BE%BD%E6%A0%87%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%95%A5%E9%97%B9%E5%87%BA%E4%BA%86%E2%80%9C%E6%94%B9%E5%90%8D%E2%80%9D%E4%B9%8C%E9%BE%99%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2019-12-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E7%BD%91&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm.chinanews.com%2Fwap%2Fdetail%2Fzw%2Fgj%2F2019%2F12-31%2F9048090.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5384963">荷兰要改国名了？其实只是换了个宣传LOGO</a>. 澎湃新闻. 2019-12-30 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-01-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200114165425/https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5384963">存档</a>于2020-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%A6%81%E6%94%B9%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%8D%E4%BA%86%EF%BC%9F%E5%85%B6%E5%AE%9E%E5%8F%AA%E6%98%AF%E6%8D%A2%E4%BA%86%E4%B8%AA%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0LOGO&rft.date=2019-12-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%BE%8E%E6%B9%83%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepaper.cn%2FnewsDetail_forward_5384963&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《職方外記》：「法蘭得斯，在亞勒馬尼之西南，地不甚廣，人居稠密。有大城二百八十，小城六千三百六十八，共學三所，一學分二十餘院。人情俱樂易溫良，最好談論，善謳歌。其婦人與人貿易，無異男子，顧其性極貞潔，能手作錯金絨，不煩機杼。西洋布最輕細者，皆出此地。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《瀛寰志略》：「荷蘭（和蘭，賀蘭，法蘭得斯），歐羅巴小國也。東界日耳曼，南界比利時，西北距大西洋海。壤地褊小，歐羅巴地形，此最低陷。海潮衝齒，劃為洲渚，港道縱橫，交貫其地，沮洳卑濕，而土脈最腴。民擅水利，善築堤防，開溝洫，又善於操舟，能行遠。故歐羅巴海市之道，行自荷蘭始。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《廣東通史》：「紅毛鬼，不知何國。萬曆二十九年，二、三大舶頓至豪鏡之口。其人衣紅，眉髮連鬚皆赤，足踵及趾，長尺二寸，形壯大倍常，似悍澳夷。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">張燮《東西洋考》：「紅毛番，自稱荷蘭國，與佛郎機鄰壤，自古不通中華。其人深目長鼻，毛髮皆赤，故呼紅毛番云。一名米粟果。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《臺灣府志》：「紅夷，一名波斯胡，性貪狡，重利輕生。前明竊據臺灣，入犯中左，肆行焚劫。其船堅大，八面受風，無往不利；惟廣南軋船操楫飛行，駕巨砲攻其船底，底破即沉。至今畏之。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E6%85%8E%E8%A1%8C" title="查慎行">查慎行</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%AA%E6%83%9F%E9%8C%84" title="罪惟錄">罪惟錄</a>》：「和蘭國，即紅彝，俗稱紅毛番，與佛郎機接壤，時橫行爪哇、大泥間，及聞佛郎機據呂宋，互市濠鏡，心艷之。萬曆中，忽駕船，稱和蘭欲通貢，澳彝共拒之，移叩閩。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》卷325〈外國傳六〉：「和蘭，又名紅毛番，地近佛郎機。永樂、宣德時，鄭和七下西洋，歷諸番數十國，無所謂和蘭者。其人深目長鼻，發眉須皆赤，足長尺二寸，頎偉倍常。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《清史稿》卷159：「和蘭，明史作荷蘭，歐羅巴濱海之國。清順治十年，因廣東巡撫請於朝，原備外籓、修職貢。十三年，齎表請朝貢，部議五年一貢，詔改八年一貢，以示柔遠。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《海國四說》卷3：「荷南，即《明史·外國傳》所稱之和蘭，又名紅毛番。地在今歐羅巴洲，即熱爾瑪尼紅夷。在博爾都噶而雅之東，意大裏亞之東北，英吉利、弗喃西之東。乾隆五十九年，奉旨：賀蘭國改寫荷蘭國。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi/npmkm3/npmcpkm?@23^1261866972^107^^^1^1@@448446327">中荷天津條約暨另款</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200915150123/http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/ttscgi/npmkm3/npmcpkm?%4023%5E1261866972%5E107%5E%5E%5E1%5E1%40%40448446327">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#2_49-0"><sup><b>45.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#2_49-1"><sup><b>45.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/tts/npmkm2/10010.html">「中華民國外交部保存之前清條約協定」</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-07-10</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150804020043/http://npmhost.npm.gov.tw/tts/npmkm2/10010.html">存档</a>于2015-08-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8%E4%BF%9D%E5%AD%98%E4%B9%8B%E5%89%8D%E6%B8%85%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84%E5%8D%94%E5%AE%9A%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpmhost.npm.gov.tw%2Ftts%2Fnpmkm2%2F10010.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%BE%9B%E4%B8%91%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" class="extiw" title="s:辛丑條約">《辛丑各國和約》</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《海國圖志》卷4：「荷蘭及彌爾尼壬兩國同區，總名曰尼達蘭，犬牙互錯，參差不齊。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The New Encyclopædia Britannica</i>, 15th edition, 22:641–642</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verhaal-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Verhaal_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Vries, Jan W., Roland Willemyns and Peter Burger, <i>Het verhaal van een taal</i>, Amsterdam: Prometheus, 2003, pp. 12, 21–27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hachmann, Rolf, Georg Kossack and Hans Kuhn, <i>Völker zwischen Germanen und Kelten</i>, 1986, pp. 183–212</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lendering-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lendering_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lendering, Jona, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/ga-gh/germania/inferior.htm">"Germania Inferior"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200607071937/https://www.livius.org/ga-gh/germania/inferior.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Livius.org. Retrieved 6 October 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Motley, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/risedutchrepubl01motlgoog">The Rise of the Dutch Republic, Volume 2</a>. 1859: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/risedutchrepubl01motlgoog/page/n33">25</a>. <q>On more than one occasion men were seen hanging their own brothers, who had been taken prisoners in the enemy's ranks.... A Spaniard had ceased to be human in their eyes. On one occasion, a surgeon at Veer cut the heart from a Spanish prisoner, nailed it on a vessel's prow, and invited the townsmen to come and fasten their teeth in it, which many did with savage satisfaction.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.aufirst=John&rft.aulast=Motley&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+the+Dutch+Republic%2C+Volume+2&rft.date=1859&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frisedutchrepubl01motlgoog&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120114182245/http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display_printable.cfm?HHID=682">The Middle Colonies: New York</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-14</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display_printable.cfm?HHID=682">原始内容</a>存档于2012-01-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=The+Middle+Colonies%3A+New+York&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalhistory.uh.edu%2Fdatabase%2Farticle_display_printable.cfm%3FHHID%3D682&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> Digital History.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Prak, Maarten. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XjTSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA66">The Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century: The Golden Age</a>. Cambridge University Press. 2005-09-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781316342480" title="Special:网络书源/9781316342480"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781316342480</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203060501/https://books.google.com/books?id=XjTSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA66">存档</a>于2022-02-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.aufirst=Maarten&rft.aulast=Prak&rft.btitle=The+Dutch+Republic+in+the+Seventeenth+Century%3A+The+Golden+Age&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781316342480&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXjTSBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> p. 66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Koopmans, Joop W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GU-xCgAAQBAJ&q=main+political+factions+dutch+society+18th+century&pg=PA271">Historical Dictionary of the Netherlands</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. 2015-11-05: 233 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9781442255937" title="Special:网络书源/9781442255937"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9781442255937</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203060506/https://books.google.com/books?id=GU-xCgAAQBAJ&q=main+political+factions+dutch+society+18th+century&pg=PA271">存档</a>于2022-02-03） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.aufirst=Joop+W.&rft.aulast=Koopmans&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Netherlands&rft.date=2015-11-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9781442255937&rft.pages=233&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGU-xCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dmain%2Bpolitical%2Bfactions%2Bdutch%2Bsociety%2B18th%2Bcentury%26pg%3DPA271&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abbenhuis-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abbenhuis_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Abbenhuis, Maartje M. (2006) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5gMCfhUR6Y0C&printsec=frontcover">The Art of Staying Neutral</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220203060517/https://books.google.com/books?id=5gMCfhUR6Y0C&printsec=frontcover">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Amsterdam University Press, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/90-5356-818-2" title="Special:网络书源/90-5356-818-2">90-5356-818-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waffen-ss.nl/main.php">Nederlanders in de Waffen-SS</a>. www.waffen-ss.nl. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220105030838/http://www.waffen-ss.nl/main.php">存档</a>于2022-01-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Nederlanders+in+de+Waffen-SS&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.waffen-ss.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waffen-ss.nl%2Fmain.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">MOOXE from Close Combat Series. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.closecombatseries.net/CCS/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=7686&highlight=">Indonesian SS Volunteers</a>. Closecombatseries.net. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-28</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203060522/http://www.closecombatseries.net/CCS/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=7686&highlight=">存档</a>于2022-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.au=MOOXE+from+Close+Combat+Series&rft.btitle=Indonesian+SS+Volunteers&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Closecombatseries.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.closecombatseries.net%2FCCS%2Fmodules.php%3Fname%3DForums%26file%3Dviewtopic%26t%3D7686%26highlight%3D&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Bureau_of_Statistics2009" class="citation">Central Bureau of Statistics, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/imported/documents/2009/36/2009-j29-pub.pdf">Land – en tuinbouwcijfers, 2009</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, Land- en Tuinbouwcijfers (Government of the Netherlands, Department of Publication and Information), 2009: 14 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-01-06</span>]</span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1386-9566"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1386-9566</span></a>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106174550/https://www.cbs.nl/-/media/imported/documents/2009/36/2009-j29-pub.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2018-01-06） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Land+%E2%80%93+en+tuinbouwcijfers%2C+2009&rft.au=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1386-9566&rft.jtitle=Land-+en+Tuinbouwcijfers&rft.pages=14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.nl%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fimported%2Fdocuments%2F2009%2F36%2F2009-j29-pub.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i9TuMrvrknh-ZXwqmZ2N-48kff3wD9GP06U00">Dutch agency admits mistake in UN climate report</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-07-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100708221044/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i9TuMrvrknh-ZXwqmZ2N-48kff3wD9GP06U00">存档</a>于2010-07-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Dutch+agency+admits+mistake+in+UN+climate+report&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5i9TuMrvrknh-ZXwqmZ2N-48kff3wD9GP06U00&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-international2000-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-international2000_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Welschen, Ad: Course <i>Dutch Society and Culture</i>, International School for Humanities and Social Studies ISHSS, Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2000–2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1485002/Zuiderzee-floods">Zuiderzee floods (Netherlands history)</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111011200958/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1485002/Zuiderzee-floods">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）. Britannica Online Encyclopedia.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asce.org/Content.aspx?id=2147487305">Seven Wonders</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100802060056/http://www.asce.org/Content.aspx?id=2147487305">存檔</a>，存档日期2010-08-02.. Asce.org (19 July 2010). Retrieved on 21 August 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/temperatuur-door-historische-grens-van-40-c">KNMI – Temperatuur door historische grens van 40°C</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203063724/https://www.knmi.nl/over-het-knmi/nieuws/temperatuur-door-historische-grens-van-40-c">存档</a>于2022-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=KNMI+%E2%80%93+Temperatuur+door+historische+grens+van+40%C2%B0C&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.knmi.nl%2Fover-het-knmi%2Fnieuws%2Ftemperatuur-door-historische-grens-van-40-c&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-knmi-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-knmi_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knmi.nl/">Knmi.nl</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-12-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226111331/https://www.knmi.nl/home">存档</a>于2018-12-26） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Knmi.nl&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knmi.nl%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150927010652/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/rijksdienst-dutch-caribbean/changes-per-10-10-10?1curvers=engels&0Lang=E">Changes per 10.10.10</a>. Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/rijksdienst-dutch-caribbean/changes-per-10-10-10">原始内容</a>存档于2015-09-27）. <q>Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba (the Caribbean Netherlands)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Changes+per+10.10.10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rijksdienst+Caribisch+Nederland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksdienstcn.com%2Fen%2Frijksdienst-dutch-caribbean%2Fchanges-per-10-10-10&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907013819/https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/rijksdienstcn.com/up1/ZomkevfJC_eilandgids_online_V2.pdf">Island guide Caribbean Netherlands – Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-08-16</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/rijksdienstcn.com/up1/ZomkevfJC_eilandgids_online_V2.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2015-09-07）. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rijksdienstcn.com/en/publicaties/publication-rijksdienst-dutch-caribbean/island-guide-caribbean-netherlands?1curvers=engels&0Lang=E">简明摘要</a> – <i>(original link to PDF)</i>. <q>We proudly present you the Island Guide <i>Caribbean Netherlands</i>. This information booklet has been published by the Rijksdienst Caribisch Nederland for <i>all the three islands: Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba</i>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Island+guide+Caribbean+Netherlands+%E2%80%93+Bonaire%2C+Sint+Eustatius%2C+Saba&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Rijksdienst+Caribisch+Nederland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksdienstcn.com%2Frijksdienstcn.com%2Fup1%2FZomkevfJC_eilandgids_online_V2.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">吳家俊. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hk01.com/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/77657/-01%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91-%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C-%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%80%E5%B7%A6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%80%E5%8F%B3-%E4%BD%A0%E8%A6%81%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%845%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%8B">【01百科】荷蘭大選後　前路往左定往右？　你要知道的5件事</a>. 香港01. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-03-16</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170315121626/https://www.hk01.com/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B/77657/-01%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91-%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C-%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%80%E5%B7%A6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%80%E5%8F%B3-%E4%BD%A0%E8%A6%81%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%845%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%8B">存档</a>于2017-03-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=%E3%80%9001%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E3%80%91%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8%E5%BE%8C%E3%80%80%E5%89%8D%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%80%E5%B7%A6%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%80%E5%8F%B3%EF%BC%9F%E3%80%80%E4%BD%A0%E8%A6%81%E7%9F%A5%E9%81%93%E7%9A%845%E4%BB%B6%E4%BA%8B&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E5%AE%B6%E4%BF%8A&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hk01.com%2F%25E5%259C%258B%25E9%259A%259B%2F77657%2F-01%25E7%2599%25BE%25E7%25A7%2591-%25E8%258D%25B7%25E8%2598%25AD%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E9%2581%25B8%25E5%25BE%258C-%25E5%2589%258D%25E8%25B7%25AF%25E5%25BE%2580%25E5%25B7%25A6%25E5%25AE%259A%25E5%25BE%2580%25E5%258F%25B3-%25E4%25BD%25A0%25E8%25A6%2581%25E7%259F%25A5%25E9%2581%2593%25E7%259A%25845%25E4%25BB%25B6%25E4%25BA%258B&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/provincies/provinciale-staten">Provinciale Staten</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220203060638/http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/provincies/provinciale-staten">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="荷蘭語">（荷兰文）</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ProvArea-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ProvArea_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=70072ned&D1=224&D2=5-16&D3=l&HD=081103-1603&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2">Regionale Kerncijfers Nederland</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistics Netherlands">Statistics Netherlands</a>. 2007 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2007-10-13</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121024844/http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?VW=T&DM=SLNL&PA=70072ned&D1=224&D2=5-16&D3=l&HD=081103-1603&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2">存档</a>于2015-11-21） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Regionale+Kerncijfers+Nederland&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Statistics+Netherlands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatline.cbs.nl%2FStatWeb%2Fpublication%2F%3FVW%3DT%26DM%3DSLNL%26PA%3D70072ned%26D1%3D224%26D2%3D5-16%26D3%3Dl%26HD%3D081103-1603%26HDR%3DT%26STB%3DG1%2CG2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37230ned&D1=0-2,4-5,7-8,13-15,17&D2=0-1,5-16,313&D3=163-167,169-177&HDR=G2&STB=G1,T&VW=T">CBS StatLine – Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181211212200/http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37230ned&D1=0-2,4-5,7-8,13-15,17&D2=0-1,5-16,313&D3=163-167,169-177&HDR=G2&STB=G1,T&VW=T">存档</a>于2018-12-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=CBS+StatLine+%E2%80%93+Bevolkingsontwikkeling%3B+regio+per+maand&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatline.cbs.nl%2FStatweb%2Fpublication%2F%3FDM%3DSLNL%26PA%3D37230ned%26D1%3D0-2%2C4-5%2C7-8%2C13-15%2C17%26D2%3D0-1%2C5-16%2C313%26D3%3D163-167%2C169-177%26HDR%3DG2%26STB%3DG1%2CT%26VW%3DT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/b8e69b38a531ef056d9cc25654232b30/?startswith=zh&seq=1">安恆國家教育研究院</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-11-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241006051610/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/">存档</a>于2024-10-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=-%7B%E5%AE%89%E6%81%86%7D-+%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fterms.naer.edu.tw%2Fdetail%2Fb8e69b38a531ef056d9cc25654232b30%2F%3Fstartswith%3Dzh%26seq%3D1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adm_level-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-adm_level_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.government.nl/topics/public-administration/provinces-municipalities-and-water-authorities">Provinces, municipalities and water authorities</a>. government.nl. Government of the Netherlands. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-06-21</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621093142/https://www.government.nl/topics/public-administration/provinces-municipalities-and-water-authorities">存档</a>于2018-06-21） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Provinces%2C+municipalities+and+water+authorities&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=government.nl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Ftopics%2Fpublic-administration%2Fprovinces-municipalities-and-water-authorities&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OECD2007-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OECD2007_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.ca/books?id=5tlZ7HGd3ZoC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false">OECD E-Government Studies: Netherlands 2007</a>. Paris: OECD Publishing. 2007-05-28: 40 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-92-64-03029-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-92-64-03029-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-92-64-03029-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510081451/https://books.google.ca/books?id=5tlZ7HGd3ZoC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false">存档</a>于2017-05-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=OECD+E-Government+Studies%3A+Netherlands+2007&rft.date=2007-05-28&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-92-64-03029-9&rft.pages=40&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=OECD+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.ca%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5tlZ7HGd3ZoC%26lpg%3DPP1%26pg%3DPA40%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4year_term-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4year_term_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.nl/issues/constitution-and-democracy/documents-and-publications/regulations/2012/10/18/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-2008.html">Article 129. Chapter 7. The Constitution of the Kingdom of the Netherlands 2008</a>. government.nl. Government of the Netherlands. 2008 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130320094806/http://www.government.nl/issues/constitution-and-democracy/documents-and-publications/regulations/2012/10/18/the-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-2008.html">存档</a>于2013-03-20） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Article+129.+Chapter+7.+The+Constitution+of+the+Kingdom+of+the+Netherlands+2008&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=government.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Fissues%2Fconstitution-and-democracy%2Fdocuments-and-publications%2Fregulations%2F2012%2F10%2F18%2Fthe-constitution-of-the-kingdom-of-the-netherlands-2008.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act_no_members-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-act_no_members_81-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gemeentewet [Municipalities Act]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/volledig/geldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013#TitelII_HoofdstukII_Artikel8">Article 8,<span class="nowrap"> </span>Act<span class="nowrap"> </span>No. 96<span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>1992-02-14 [Municipalities Act]</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-08</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Gemeentewet+%5BMunicipalities+Act%5D&rft.btitle=Article+8%2C%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3EAct%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3ENo.+96%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3Eof%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E1992-02-14&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2FBWBR0005416%2Fvolledig%2Fgeldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013%23TitelII_HoofdstukII_Artikel8&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605212044/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/volledig/geldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-09</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2013-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2FBWBR0005416%2Fvolledig%2Fgeldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act_mayor_term_and_aldermen-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-act_mayor_term_and_aldermen_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gemeentewet [Municipalities Act]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/volledig/geldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013">Article 61.1 and 35.1,<span class="nowrap"> </span>Act<span class="nowrap"> </span>No. 96<span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>1992-02-14 [Municipalities Act]</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-08</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Gemeentewet+%5BMunicipalities+Act%5D&rft.btitle=Article+61.1+and+35.1%2C%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3EAct%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3ENo.+96%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3Eof%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E1992-02-14&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2FBWBR0005416%2Fvolledig%2Fgeldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605212044/http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/volledig/geldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-09</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2013-06-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2FBWBR0005416%2Fvolledig%2Fgeldigheidsdatum_08-04-2013&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-act_sp_muni-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-act_sp_muni_83-0"><sup><b>78.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-act_sp_muni_83-1"><sup><b>78.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wet openbare lichamen Bonaire, Sint Eustatius en Saba. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0028142/">Act<span class="nowrap"> </span>No. 345<span class="nowrap"> </span>of<span class="nowrap"> </span>2010-10-10 [Public bodies act Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba]</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-05</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Wet+openbare+lichamen+Bonaire%2C+Sint+Eustatius+en+Saba&rft.btitle=Act%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3ENo.+345%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3Eof%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E+%3C%2Fspan%3E2010-10-10&rft.genre=bookitem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwetten.overheid.nl%2FBWBR0028142%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Elzinga2004Ch10-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Elzinga2004Ch10_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">A.H.M. Dölle; D.J. Elzinga; J.W.M. Engels. De samenstelling van het college [Members of the board]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yWu5dMARTt8C">Handboek van het Nederlandse gemeenterecht [Manual of Dutch municipal law]</a>. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer. 2004-09-20: 233–252 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-90-268-4169-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-90-268-4169-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-90-268-4169-9</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130608042620/http://books.google.com/books?id=yWu5dMARTt8C">存档</a>于2013-06-08） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=De+samenstelling+van+het+college&rft.au=A.H.M.+D%C3%B6lle&rft.au=D.J.+Elzinga&rft.au=J.W.M.+Engels&rft.btitle=Handboek+van+het+Nederlandse+gemeenterecht&rft.date=2004-09-20&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-90-268-4169-9&rft.pages=233-252&rft.place=Alphen+aan+den+Rijn&rft.pub=Kluwer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyWu5dMARTt8C&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muni_politics-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muni_politics_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.nl/issues/municipalities-and-cities/municipal-government">Municipal government</a>. government.nl. Government of the Netherlands. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518111000/http://www.government.nl/issues/municipalities-and-cities/municipal-government">存档</a>于2015-05-18） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Municipal+government&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=government.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.nl%2Fissues%2Fmunicipalities-and-cities%2Fmunicipal-government&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BESArea-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BESArea_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706074026/http://www.cbs.an/area_climate/area_a1.asp">Statistical Info: Area and Climate</a>. Central Bureau of Statistics (Netherlands Antilles). 2010 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-06-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.an/area_climate/area_a1.asp">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Statistical+Info%3A+Area+and+Climate&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+%28Netherlands+Antilles%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.an%2Farea_climate%2Farea_a1.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=80539ned&D1=0-1,9-10&D2=a&D3=a&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2&CHARTTYPE=1&VW=T">Bevolkingsontwikkeling Caribisch Nederland; geboorte, sterfte, migratie</a>. Central Bureau of Statistics. 2012 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-10-18</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225191706/http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=80539ned&D1=0-1,9-10&D2=a&D3=a&HDR=T&STB=G1,G2&CHARTTYPE=1&VW=T">存档</a>于2018-12-25） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到荷兰语网页">（荷兰语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Bevolkingsontwikkeling+Caribisch+Nederland%3B+geboorte%2C+sterfte%2C+migratie&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatline.cbs.nl%2FStatWeb%2Fpublication%2F%3FDM%3DSLNL%26PA%3D80539ned%26D1%3D0-1%2C9-10%26D2%3Da%26D3%3Da%26HDR%3DT%26STB%3DG1%2CG2%26CHARTTYPE%3D1%26VW%3DT&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NATO-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NATO_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/09/15/prinsjesdag-2020">Prinsjesdag: Nadruk voor Defensie op digitalisering en duurzaamheid</a>. Ministry of Defence. 2019-06-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-09-15</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203060808/https://www.defensie.nl/actueel/nieuws/2020/09/15/prinsjesdag-2020">存档</a>于2022-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Prinsjesdag%3A+Nadruk+voor+Defensie+op+digitalisering+en+duurzaamheid&rft.date=2019-06-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensie.nl%2Factueel%2Fnieuws%2F2020%2F09%2F15%2Fprinsjesdag-2020&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170604200349/http://www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/release-2017/2017-world_competitiveness_ranking.pdf">The 2017 IMD World Competitiveness Ranking</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2017-06-04 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-08-03</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imd.org/globalassets/wcc/docs/release-2017/2017-world_competitiveness_ranking.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-06-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=The+2017+IMD+World+Competitiveness+Ranking&rft.date=2017-06-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.org%2Fglobalassets%2Fwcc%2Fdocs%2Frelease-2017%2F2017-world_competitiveness_ranking.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vorige.nrc.nl-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vorige.nrc.nl_90-0"><sup><b>85.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vorige.nrc.nl_90-1"><sup><b>85.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vorige.nrc.nl//international/article2274261.ece/The_Dutch_curse_how_billions_from_natural_gas_went_up_in_smoke">The Dutch curse: how billions from natural gas went up in smoke</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221000129/http://vorige.nrc.nl//international/article2274261.ece/The_Dutch_curse_how_billions_from_natural_gas_went_up_in_smoke">存檔</a>，存档日期2016-12-21. LEES MEER, 17 June 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/countries/Netherlands.html">Global 500 - Fortune</a>. Fortune. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220203072925/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2011/countries/Netherlands.html">存档</a>于2022-02-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Global+500+-+Fortune&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Fglobal500%2F2011%2Fcountries%2FNetherlands.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/global500/2009/">Global 500 2009</a>. 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In 2016, the Dutch population had an average life expectancy at birth of 81.7 years. How wide is the gap between men and women, and how does the Netherlands compare to other EU countries? What about the healthy life expectancy?</a>. The Netherlands on the European Scale. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211102111754/https://longreads.cbs.nl/european-scale-2019/life-expectancy/">存档</a>于2021-11-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Life+expectancy+Life+expectancy+says+something+about+the+expected+length+of+life%2C+based+on+mortality+rates.+In+2016%2C+the+Dutch+population+had+an+average+life+expectancy+at+birth+of+81.7+years.+How+wide+is+the+gap+between+men+and+women%2C+and+how+does+the+Netherlands+compare+to+other+EU+countries%3F+What+about+the+healthy+life+expectancy%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Netherlands+on+the+European+Scale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flongreads.cbs.nl%2Feuropean-scale-2019%2Flife-expectancy%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EHCI15-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EHCI15_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation report">Professor Arne Björnberg, Ph.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170606082345/http://www.healthpowerhouse.com/files/EHCI_2015/EHCI_2015_report.pdf">Euro Health Consumer Index – Outcomes in EHCI 2015</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (报告). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Health_Consumer_Powerhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Health Consumer Powerhouse（页面不存在）">Health Consumer Powerhouse</a>. 2016-01-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-01-27</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-91-980687-5-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-91-980687-5-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-91-980687-5-7</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.healthpowerhouse.com/files/EHCI_2015/EHCI_2015_report.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2017-06-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.au=Professor+Arne+Bj%C3%B6rnberg%2C+Ph.D&rft.btitle=Euro+Health+Consumer+Index+%E2%80%93+Outcomes+in+EHCI+2015&rft.date=2016-01-26&rft.genre=report&rft.isbn=978-91-980687-5-7&rft.pub=Health+Consumer+Powerhouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.healthpowerhouse.com%2Ffiles%2FEHCI_2015%2FEHCI_2015_report.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In general histories 1702 is sometimes taken as the end of the Golden Age, a date which works reasonably well for painting. 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WorldAtlas. 2017-04-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200727112910/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/unesco-world-heritage-sites-in-the-netherlands.html">存档</a>于2020-07-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Sites+In+The+Netherlands&rft.au=Joyce+Chepkemoi&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Funesco-world-heritage-sites-in-the-netherlands.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lobo-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lobo_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150621122016/http://www.lobo.nl/openbaaronderwijsenbijzonderonderwijs/">Pagina niet gevonden – LOBO</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-11</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lobo.nl/openbaaronderwijsenbijzonderonderwijs/">原始内容</a>存档于2015-06-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Pagina+niet+gevonden+%E2%80%93+LOBO&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lobo.nl%2Fopenbaaronderwijsenbijzonderonderwijs%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/leerplicht">Leerplicht</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170214202748/https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/leerplicht">存档</a>于2017-02-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=Leerplicht&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rijksoverheid.nl%2Fonderwerpen%2Fleerplicht&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf">OECD.org</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-11</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091229020307/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/42/8/39700724.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2009-12-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.btitle=OECD.org&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fdataoecd%2F42%2F8%2F39700724.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21646987-competition-among-universities-has-become-intense-and-international-top-class">Rankings: top of the class</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160609190245/http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21646987-competition-among-universities-has-become-intense-and-international-top-class">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" class="mw-redirect" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>, 28 March 2015 (page visited on 7 April 2015).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2020/Netherlands.html">Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D" title="世界大学学术排名">世界大學學術排名</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-01-23</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210504022359/http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings-2020/Netherlands.html">存档</a>于2021-05-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2020&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E8%A1%93%E6%8E%92%E5%90%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FWorld-University-Rankings-2020%2FNetherlands.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="網站"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E7.AB.99"></span>網站</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=55" title="编辑章节：網站"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=16575">《2011年人类发展报告》概览</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120108093204/http://www.un.org/chinese/News/fullstorynews.asp?newsID=16575">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）联合国网站新闻中心</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="書目"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E7.9B.AE"></span>書目</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=56" title="编辑章节：書目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>地理與環境</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Burke, Gerald L. <i>The making of Dutch towns: A study in urban development from the 10th–17th centuries</i> (1960)</li> <li>Lambert, Audrey M. <i>The Making of the Dutch Landscape: An Historical Geography of the Netherlands</i> (1985); focus on the history of land reclamation</li> <li>Meijer, Henk. <i>Compact geography of the Netherlands</i> (1985)</li> <li>Riley, R. C., and G. J. Ashworth. <i>Benelux: An Economic Geography of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg</i> (1975) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/85882918/benelux-an-economic-geography-of-belgium-the-netherlands">online</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171010141102/https://www.questia.com/read/85882918/benelux-an-economic-geography-of-belgium-the-netherlands">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>歷史</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Paul Arblaster. <i>A History of the Low Countries</i>. Palgrave Essential Histories Series New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 298 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749" /><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4039-4828-3" title="Special:网络书源/1-4039-4828-3">1-4039-4828-3</a>.</li> <li>J. C. H. Blom and E. Lamberts, eds. <i>History of the Low Countries</i> (1998)</li> <li>Jonathan Israel. <i>The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806</i> (1995)</li> <li>J. A. Kossmann-Putto and E. H. Kossmann. <i>The Low Countries: History of the Northern and Southern Netherlands</i> (1987)</li> <li>Amry Vandenbosch, <i>Dutch Foreign Policy since 1815</i> (1959).</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>經濟</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r80540462" /><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824080557/https://www.hollandtradeandinvest.com/binaries/hollandtrade/documents/publications/holland-compared-2017/06/30/holland-compared-2nd-edition-2016/1392_CU+Holland+Compared+2nd+2017+III.pdf">Holland Compared 2nd edition 2017</a> – 95 page booklet by Holland's commercial website, with facts and figures about the Netherlands, comparing the country's economic indicators with those of other countries.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸閱讀</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=57" title="编辑章节：延伸閱讀"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q55"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90/%E6%96%B9%E8%BC%BF%E5%BD%99%E7%B7%A8/%E9%82%8A%E8%A3%94%E5%85%B8/%E5%92%8C%E8%98%AD%E9%83%A8#荷蘭" class="extiw" title="s:欽定古今圖書集成/方輿彙編/邊裔典/和蘭部">欽定古今圖書集成·方輿彙編·邊裔典·和蘭部</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A2%A6%E9%9B%B7" title="陈梦雷">陈梦雷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%9B%BE%E4%B9%A6%E9%9B%86%E6%88%90" title="古今图书集成">古今圖書集成</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7325#荷蘭" class="extiw" title="s:明史/卷325">明史卷三百二十五</a>》，出自《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E5%8F%B2" title="明史">明史</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF/%E5%8D%B7159#荷蘭" class="extiw" title="s:清史稿/卷159">清史稿/卷159</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E7%88%BE%E5%B7%BD" title="趙爾巽">趙爾巽</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%8F%B2%E7%A8%BF" title="清史稿">清史稿</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=58" title="编辑章节：参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:2; column-width:auto;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰君主列表">荷兰君主列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰东印度公司">荷兰东印度公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="荷兰西印度公司">荷兰西印度公司</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%B6%B3%E7%90%83%E7%94%B2%E7%BA%A7%E8%81%94%E8%B5%9B" title="荷兰足球甲级联赛">荷兰足球甲级联赛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="荷兰银行">荷兰银行</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="荷兰皇家航空">荷兰皇家航空</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%AD%E5%AD%B8" title="蘭學">蘭學</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&action=edit&section=59" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83112147">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Netherlands</b>在维基百科的<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93%E5%A7%8A%E5%A6%B9%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="Wikipedia:维基媒体姊妹项目"><span id="sister-projects">姊妹项目</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基词典上的<a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Netherlands" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Netherlands">字词解释</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基共享资源上的<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Nederland" class="extiw" title="c:Nederland">多媒体资源</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基新闻上的<a href="https://zh.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Netherlands" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Netherlands">新闻</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基语录上的<a href="https://zh.wikiquote.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" class="extiw" title="q:荷兰">名言</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基文库上的<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Netherlands" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Netherlands">原始文献</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基教科书上的<a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Netherlands" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Netherlands">教科书和手册</a></span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link">维基学院上的<a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Netherlands" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Netherlands">学习资源</a></span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikimedia-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/15px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/23px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Wikimedia-logo.svg/30px-Wikimedia-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Netherlands">維基媒體的Netherlands地圖集</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/15px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/23px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/30px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90" title="维基共享资源">维基共享资源</a>上的相关多媒体资源：<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Netherlands"><span style="font-weight:bold;">荷兰</span></a></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%8E%E9%81%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="維基導遊">維基導遊</a>上的相關旅行指南：<b><a href="https://zh.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" class="extiw" title="voy:荷兰">荷兰</a></b></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span style="display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:荷兰">荷兰主题</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holland.com/">Holland.com</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140624225248/http://www.holland.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 荷兰旅游局 <i>English website of the Netherlands tourist office</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holland.com/cn">Holland.com/cn</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20190509135556/http://www.holland.com/cn">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 荷兰旅游局 <i>Chinese website of the Netherlands tourist office</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leitour.com/page91.htm">荷兰风景图片</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20080918164645/http://www.leitour.com/page91.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527231402/http://overheid.nl/english">Overheid.nl</a> - official Dutch government portal</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.nl/">Government.nl</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110513121411/http://www.government.nl/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - official Dutch government web site</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statoids.com/unl.html">Provinces of Netherlands</a>. Statoids.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0&rft.atitle=Provinces+of+Netherlands&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statoids&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statoids.com%2Funl.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html">CIA - The World Factbook -- Netherlands</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160813044210/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nl.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081203052114/http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/cijfers/default.htm">CBS</a> - Key figures from the Dutch bureau of statistics</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nbtc.nl/en/homepage.htm">NBTC</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140808050044/http://nbtc.nl/en/homepage.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） - 荷兰旅游局 <i>Dutch Bureau of Tourism</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021201934/http://insquish.com/">Insquish.com</a> - English info site on the Netherlands for travellers and expats</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192040/http://www.hollandboutique.com/pages/dutch-cheese">Dutch Cheese</a> - Understand Dutch Cheese - a quick guide</li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <table class="noprint metadata" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background: #f8f9fa; text-align: center; width:80%; font-size:80%; margin:0.5em auto"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:0%; padding-right:5px" rowspan="5"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:0%; padding-left:5px" rowspan="5"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/50px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/75px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Compass_rose_pale.svg/100px-Compass_rose_pale.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="北"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/17px-North.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/26px-North.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/North.svg/34px-North.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td> <td style="width:33%" rowspan="3"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="西"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/17px-West.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/26px-West.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/West.svg/34px-West.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>西</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:0%; text-align: center" nowrap="nowrap">  <b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷蘭</a></b>   </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="東"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/17px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/26px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Boxed_East_arrow.svg/34px-Boxed_East_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span><figcaption>東</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="南"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/17px-South.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/26px-South.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/South.svg/34px-South.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="17" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:33%"> </td> <td style="width:33%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a><br /> </td> <td style="width:33%"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Drenthe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Drenthe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Flag_of_Drenthe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Drenthe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%A6%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="德伦特省">德伦特省</a>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Flevoland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Flevoland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Flevoland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗莱福兰省">弗莱福兰省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frisian_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Frisian_flag.svg/20px-Frisian_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Frisian_flag.svg/40px-Frisian_flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="910" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="弗里斯兰省">弗里斯兰省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Gelderland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Gelderland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Gelderland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Gelderland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Gelderland.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Limburg_%28Netherlands%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A0%A1%E7%9C%81_(%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0)" title="林堡省 (荷兰)">林堡省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Brabant-Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/North_Brabant-Flag.svg/20px-North_Brabant-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/North_Brabant-Flag.svg/40px-North_Brabant-Flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%B9%E7%9C%81" title="北布拉班特省">北布拉班特省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_North_Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Holland.svg/20px-Flag_of_North_Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Holland.svg/40px-Flag_of_North_Holland.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="北荷兰省">北荷兰省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Overijssel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Overijssel.svg/20px-Flag_of_Overijssel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Overijssel.svg/40px-Flag_of_Overijssel.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9F%E5%B0%94%E7%9C%81" title="上艾瑟尔省">上艾瑟尔省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Utrecht_(province)-Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg/20px-Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg/40px-Utrecht_%28province%29-Flag.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E7%9C%81" title="乌得勒支省">乌得勒支省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zeeland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Flag_of_Zeeland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zeeland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E7%9C%81" title="泽兰省">泽兰省</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zuid-Holland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="666" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81" title="南荷蘭省">南荷蘭省</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%8D%80" title="荷蘭加勒比區">公共实体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bonaire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/20px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94" title="博奈尔">博奈尔</a>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/20px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/30px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%B0%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%AD%87%E6%96%AF" title="圣尤斯特歇斯">圣尤斯特歇斯</a></span>  <span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Saba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/20px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%B7%B4" title="薩巴">薩巴</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template:歐洲"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Template talk:歐洲"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:歐洲"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E7%BE%A4%E5%B3%B6" title="不列顛群島">不列顛群島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0" title="英格兰">英格兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%A0%BC%E8%98%AD" title="蘇格蘭">蘇格蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF" title="威爾斯">威尔士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="北爱尔兰">北爱尔兰</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AD%90%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西歐平原">西歐平原</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%AC%A7" title="南欧">南欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="意大利半島">亞平寧半島</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D" title="聖座的法律地位">属</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="伊比利亚半岛">伊比利亚半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海諸國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%AC%A7" title="中欧">中欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%88%86%E4%BD%88" title="德語地理分佈">德語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E6%96%AF%E7%99%BB" title="列支敦斯登">列支敦斯登</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="匈牙利语">馬扎兒語圈</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="西斯拉夫民族">西斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90" title="北歐">北歐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%94%E5%9C%8B" title="北歐五國">斯堪的纳维亚</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="波罗的海国家">波羅的海</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%AC%A7" title="东欧">东欧</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="東斯拉夫民族">東斯拉夫</a>國家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:2em; text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E5%B9%B2%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="巴尔干半岛">巴尔干半岛</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto; text-align:left"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克羅埃西亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">黑山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">跨欧亚地区<br /><small>（部分領土位於歐洲）</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="歐洲俄羅斯">欧洲部分</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯">色雷斯</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">阿塞拜疆</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8A%A0%E7%B4%A2" title="高加索">高加索地區</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%B3" title="乌拉尔河">乌拉尔河</a>以西的<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%88%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B7%9E" title="西哈薩克斯坦州">西哈薩克斯坦州</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%9E" title="阿特勞州">阿特勞州</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">海外屬地</a>與<br />其他特殊政區</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>英國 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布罗陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80" title="根西行政區">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li></ul></li> <li>挪威 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">揚馬延島</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴群島</a></li></ul></li> <li>丹麥 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0" title="格陵兰">格陵兰</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>参见：<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8D%80%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="世界政區索引">世界政區索引</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="美洲">美洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%9E%81%E6%B4%B2" title="南极洲">南极洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B4%8B%E6%B4%B2" title="大洋洲">大洋洲</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9B%BD%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各国首都列表">各国首都列表</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲各国家和地區" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template:欧洲题目"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Template talk:欧洲题目"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E9%A2%98%E7%9B%AE" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧洲题目"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲各国家和地區" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a>各国家和地區</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="聯合國會員國列表">會員國</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%81%93%E5%B0%94" title="安道尔">安道尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="亞美尼亞">亞美尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%9C%E7%96%86" title="阿塞拜疆">亞塞拜然</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯">白俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%92%8C%E9%BB%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%93%A5%E7%BB%B4%E9%82%A3" title="波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那">波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="法国">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B2%9B" title="冰岛">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" title="意大利">義大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="哈萨克斯坦">哈萨克斯坦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="拉脱维亚">拉脱维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%94%AF%E6%95%A6%E5%A3%AB%E7%99%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="列支敦士登">列支敦士登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E7%93%A6" title="摩尔多瓦">摩尔多瓦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E7%BA%B3%E5%93%A5" title="摩纳哥">摩纳哥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="北马其顿">北马其顿</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马尼亚">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%A9%AC%E5%8A%9B%E8%AF%BA" title="圣马力诺">圣马力诺</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A" title="塞尔维亚">塞尔维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/100px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/150px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg/200px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary_%28with_borders%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">公认<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A" title="主權">主权实体</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%96%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E5%9C%98" title="馬爾他騎士團">馬爾他騎士團</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%B5%E8%92%82%E5%86%88" title="梵蒂冈">梵蒂冈</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%BA%A7" title="聖座">聖座</a>）</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐洲聯盟</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E6%89%BF%E8%AE%A4%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="有限承认国家列表">未受国际普遍承认国家</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B8%83%E5%93%88%E5%85%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="阿布哈兹">阿布哈兹</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%B4%A2%E6%B2%83" title="科索沃">科索沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="北賽普勒斯">北塞浦路斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%9E%E6%A2%AF" title="南奥塞梯">南奥塞梯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%B6%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%B2%B3%E6%B2%BF%E5%B2%B8" title="德涅斯特河沿岸">德涅斯特河沿岸</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E%E5%9C%B0" title="属地">属地</a>和其他特殊政区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E6%8F%90%E5%88%A9%E8%88%87%E5%BE%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="亞克羅提利與德凱利亞">阿克罗蒂里和泽凯利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%B0" title="奥兰">奥兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E7%BD%97%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="法罗群岛">法罗群岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E9%99%80" title="直布罗陀">直布羅陀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%BB%B6" title="揚馬延">扬马延</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E8%A5%BF" title="根西">根西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%E8%A5%BF" title="澤西">澤西</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%B3%B6" title="曼島">马恩岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4" title="斯瓦尔巴">斯瓦尔巴</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="荷兰主題" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template:荷兰主题"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98" title="Template talk:荷兰主题"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%BB%E9%A1%8C" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:荷兰主題"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="荷兰主題" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷兰</a>主題</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a>的一部分</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="荷蘭歷史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">古代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="日耳曼人">日耳曼部落</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%B5%B1%E6%B2%BB%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="羅馬統治荷蘭時代">罗马时代</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B7%E5%BE%99" title="民族大遷徙">欧洲民族大迁徙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="弗里斯兰人">弗里斯兰人</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%90%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="萨利克法兰克（页面不存在）">萨利克法兰克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">中世紀</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰克王国">法兰克领域</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="中法兰克王国">中法兰克王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="洛塔林吉亚">洛塔林吉亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E5%9C%A3%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="神圣罗马帝国">神圣罗马帝国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰伯国">荷兰伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%BD%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="泽兰伯国">泽兰伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%B7%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E4%B8%BB%E6%95%99%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="乌德勒支主教区">乌德勒支主教区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="佛兰德伯国">佛兰德伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="埃諾伯國">埃诺伯国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="卢森堡公国">卢森堡公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A3%E6%85%95%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="那慕尔伯国">那慕尔伯国</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="勃艮第尼德兰">勃艮第尼德兰</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">哈布斯堡時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0" title="哈布斯堡尼德兰">哈布斯堡尼德兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%83%E8%89%AE%E7%AC%AC%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%9C%88" title="勃艮第行政圈">勃艮第行政圈</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%83%E7%9C%81" title="十七省">十七省</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%B1%AC%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD" title="西屬尼德蘭">西屬尼德蘭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%BE%97%E5%8B%92%E6%94%AF%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F" title="乌得勒支同盟">乌德勒支同盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="八十年戰爭">八十年戰爭</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">共和國時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭共和國">七省共和国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="荷蘭黃金時代">黄金时代</a></li> <li>對外戰爭 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" class="mw-redirect" title="三十年战争">三十年战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="英荷戰爭">英荷戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%97%E4%BA%A7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="遗产战争">遗产战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8D%B7%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89" title="法荷战争">法荷战争</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8C%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="大同盟戰爭">大同盟戰爭</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E7%8E%8B%E4%BD%8D%E7%B9%BC%E6%89%BF%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" title="西班牙王位繼承戰爭">西班牙王位繼承戰爭</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">法治時期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="巴達維亞革命">巴達維亞革命</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%81%94%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="巴達維亞共和國">巴達維亞共和國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD_(1806%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941810%E5%B9%B4)" title="荷兰王国 (1806年—1810年)">波拿巴王国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="法兰西第一帝国">法兰西第一帝国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">近現代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%B8%BB%E6%AC%8A%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="聯合尼德蘭主權公國">主权公国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭聯合王國">联合王国</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E7%8D%A8%E7%AB%8B" title="比利時獨立">比利時獨立</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰历史 (1900年至今)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of the Netherlands (1900–present)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2_(1900%E5%B9%B4%E8%87%B3%E4%BB%8A)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰历史 (1900年至今)（页面不存在）">1900年至今的荷兰历史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Netherlands_(1900%E2%80%93present)" class="extiw" title="en:History of the Netherlands (1900–present)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of the Netherlands (1900–present)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD" title="第二次世界大戰中的荷蘭">第二次世界大战</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="荷蘭地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD5%E8%90%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%8A%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷蘭5萬人口以上城市列表">城市</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰防洪" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Flood control in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%98%B2%E6%B4%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰防洪（页面不存在）">防洪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Flood control in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Flood control in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰岛屿列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of islands of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B2%9B%E5%B1%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰岛屿列表（页面不存在）">岛屿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of islands of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of islands of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰湖泊列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of lakes of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰湖泊列表（页面不存在）">湖泊</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of lakes of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of lakes of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰山丘列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%98%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰山丘列表（页面不存在）">山丘</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of mountains and hills in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰火山列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of volcanoes in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰火山列表（页面不存在）">火山</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:List of volcanoes in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of volcanoes in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E5%88%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="水利委員會">水利委員會</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷兰政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E4%BB%BD" title="荷蘭省份">行政区划</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B8%82%E9%95%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰市镇列表">自治市</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%9C%81%E7%B4%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="荷蘭省級政治">省</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="第二任吕特内阁" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Second Rutte cabinet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%BB%E5%90%95%E7%89%B9%E5%86%85%E9%98%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="第二任吕特内阁（页面不存在）">现任内阁</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Rutte_cabinet" class="extiw" title="en:Second Rutte cabinet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Second Rutte cabinet</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%AA%E6%B3%95" title="荷兰王国宪法">宪法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰选举" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Elections in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%80%89%E4%B8%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰选举（页面不存在）">选举</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Elections in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Elections in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰外交关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰外交关系（页面不存在）">外交关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰人权" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Human rights in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰人权（页面不存在）">人权</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Human rights in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Human rights in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%ADLGBT%E6%AC%8A%E7%9B%8A" title="荷蘭LGBT權益">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰法律" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰法律（页面不存在）">法律</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Law of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰执法" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Law enforcement in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%89%A7%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰执法（页面不存在）">执法</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Law enforcement in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Law enforcement in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰君主制" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Monarchy of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰君主制（页面不存在）">君主</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Monarchy of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Monarchy of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" title="荷蘭國會">国会</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%80%E9%99%A2" title="國會一院">一院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83%E4%BA%8C%E9%99%A2" title="國會二院">二院</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%94%BF%E9%BB%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷蘭政黨列表">政党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%A6%96%E7%9B%B8" title="荷兰首相">首相</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭軍隊">军队</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E" title="荷兰经济">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="AEX指数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AEX index"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=AEX%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AEX指数（页面不存在）">AEX指数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AEX_index" class="extiw" title="en:AEX index"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AEX index</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C" title="荷兰中央银行">中央银行</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰能源" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Energy in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰能源（页面不存在）">能源</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Energy in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Energy in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E6%AD%90%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93%E6%89%80" title="泛歐交易所">泛歐交易所</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="干拓模式" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Polder model"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B2%E6%8B%93%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="干拓模式（页面不存在）">干拓模式</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder_model" class="extiw" title="en:Polder model"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Polder model</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰税收" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Taxation in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%A8%8E%E6%94%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰税收（页面不存在）">税收</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Taxation in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Taxation in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰电信" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%94%B5%E4%BF%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰电信（页面不存在）">电信</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Telecommunications in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Telecommunications in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%A7%80%E5%85%89" title="荷蘭觀光">旅游</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰工会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Trade unions in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%B7%A5%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰工会（页面不存在）">工会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Trade unions in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Trade unions in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="荷蘭交通">交通</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%97%85" title="荷兰病">荷兰病</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%B1%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99%E7%8B%82%E7%86%B1" title="鬱金香狂熱">鬱金香狂熱</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="Category:荷蘭社會">社会</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">人口</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰毒品政策" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Drug policy of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%AF%92%E5%93%81%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰毒品政策（页面不存在）">毒品政策</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_policy_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Drug policy of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Drug policy of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3" title="荷蘭人口">移民</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭教育">教育</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰医疗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Healthcare in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%8C%BB%E7%96%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰医疗（页面不存在）">医疗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Healthcare in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Healthcare in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰语言" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Languages of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰语言（页面不存在）">语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Languages of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Languages of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="荷兰文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>国歌 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E9%A2%82" title="威廉颂">威廉颂</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E8%A1%80%E8%84%89" title="尼德兰人的血脉">尼德兰人的血脉</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰建筑" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Architecture of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰建筑（页面不存在）">建筑</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Architecture of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Architecture of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%BE%BD" title="荷蘭國徽">国徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%A3%B2%E9%A3%9F" title="荷蘭飲食">烹饪</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰传统和礼节" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dutch customs and etiquette"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E5%92%8C%E7%A4%BC%E8%8A%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰传统和礼节（页面不存在）">传统和礼节</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_customs_and_etiquette" class="extiw" title="en:Dutch customs and etiquette"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dutch customs and etiquette</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%97%97" title="荷蘭國旗">国旗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰媒体" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Media of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%AA%92%E4%BD%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰媒体（页面不存在）">媒体</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Media of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Media of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰音乐" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Music of the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰音乐（页面不存在）">音乐</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Music of the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Music of the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="尼德兰 (名称)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Netherlands (toponymy)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BC%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%B0_(%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尼德兰 (名称)（页面不存在）">名称</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_(toponymy)" class="extiw" title="en:Netherlands (toponymy)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Netherlands (toponymy)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰公共节日" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Public holidays in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰公共节日（页面不存在）">公共节日</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Public holidays in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Public holidays in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷兰宗教" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Religion in the Netherlands"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷兰宗教（页面不存在）">宗教</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" class="extiw" title="en:Religion in the Netherlands"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Religion in the Netherlands</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%BB%83%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%B9%AA%E7%95%AB" title="荷蘭黃金時代繪畫">藝術</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E9%AB%94%E8%82%B2" title="荷蘭體育">体育</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Category:荷兰">分类</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="Portal:荷兰">主题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="荷蘭語聯盟" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:荷兰语联盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:荷兰语联盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:荷兰语联盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="荷蘭語聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="荷蘭語聯盟">荷蘭語聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">正式成員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/40px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_Flanders.svg/60px-Flag_of_Flanders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7" title="佛兰德">佛兰德</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/40px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/60px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%97" title="蘇利南">苏里南</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">候選成員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/22px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/33px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/44px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%AD%AF%E5%B7%B4" title="阿魯巴">阿鲁巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%A2" title="库拉索">库拉索</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/22px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/33px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/44px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%B1%AC%E8%81%96%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81" title="荷屬聖馬丁">荷屬聖馬丁</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="荷兰王国">荷兰王国</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">夥伴成員</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="印度尼西亚">印度尼西亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">相關項目</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" title="荷蘭語">荷蘭語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="荷蘭語正寫法">荷蘭語正寫法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E6%96%87%E6%B3%95" title="荷蘭語文法">荷蘭語文法</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷蘭語字典列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Dutch dictionaries"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="荷蘭語字典列表（页面不存在）">荷蘭語字典列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dutch_dictionaries" class="extiw" title="en:List of Dutch dictionaries"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Dutch dictionaries</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E8%8A%92%E8%AF%AD" title="弗拉芒语">弗拉芒语</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="荷蘭帝國">荷蘭帝國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%9D%9E%E5%88%A9%E5%8D%A1%E8%AF%AD" title="阿非利卡语">南非語</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="荷兰语国家和地区列表">荷兰语国家和地区列表</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="多首都國家" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="Template:多首都國家"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:多首都國家（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%96%E9%83%BD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:多首都國家"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="多首都國家" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A4%87%E9%83%BD%E5%88%B6" title="複都制">多首都國家</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FF0000">現存</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁"><img alt="贝宁" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/22px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/33px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/44px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%81" title="贝宁">贝宁</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%A4%9A%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="波多諾伏">波多诺伏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%89%98%E5%8A%AA" title="科托努">科托努</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地"><img alt="蒲隆地" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Flag_of_Burundi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Burundi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B2%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%B0" title="蒲隆地">布隆迪</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%89%B9%E5%8A%A0" title="基特加">基特加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E7%90%BC%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89" title="布琼布拉">布瓊布拉</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦"><img alt="科特迪瓦" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/22px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/33px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/44px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%E8%BF%AA%E7%93%A6" title="科特迪瓦">科特迪瓦</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E7%A9%86%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97" title="亚穆苏克罗">亚穆苏克罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E8%AE%A9" title="阿比让">阿必尚</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E5%A3%AB%E5%85%B0" title="斯威士兰"><img alt="斯威士兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/22px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/33px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Flag_of_Eswatini.svg/44px-Flag_of_Eswatini.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E7%93%A6%E5%B8%9D%E5%B0%BC" title="史瓦帝尼">史瓦帝尼</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E5%B7%B4%E6%9C%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="墨巴本">墨巴本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E7%8F%AD%E5%B7%B4" title="洛班巴">洛班巴</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非"><img alt="南非" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/60px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%9D%9E" title="南非">南非</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%8B%92%E9%99%80%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="比勒陀利亞">比勒陀利亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E6%99%AE%E6%95%A6" title="開普敦">開普敦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="布隆方丹">布隆方丹</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%8E%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E7%BE%8E%E6%B4%B2" title="盎格鲁美洲">美洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="玻利維亞"><img alt="玻利維亞" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Bolivia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bolivia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%BB%E5%88%A9%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="玻利維亞">玻利維亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7" title="苏克雷">蘇克雷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF" title="拉巴斯">拉巴斯</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利"><img alt="智利" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/40px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/60px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9" title="智利">智利</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5_(%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9)" title="圣地亚哥 (智利)">聖地牙哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%95%E8%90%8A%E7%B4%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="瓦爾帕萊索">瓦爾帕萊索</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" title="多明尼加"><img alt="多明尼加" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%BC%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="多米尼加">多米尼加</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%93%A5" title="聖多明哥">聖多明哥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%81%96%E5%A4%9A%E6%98%8E%E5%93%A5" title="西聖多明哥">西聖多明哥</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚"><img alt="马来西亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">馬來西亞</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E9%9A%86%E5%9D%A1" title="吉隆坡">吉隆坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%9F%8E" title="布城">布城</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡"><img alt="斯里蘭卡" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sri_Lanka.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1" title="斯里蘭卡">斯里蘭卡</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%B3%88%E4%BA%9E%E7%93%A6%E5%BE%B7%E7%B4%8D%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9" title="斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特">斯里賈亞瓦德納普拉科特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E5%80%AB%E5%9D%A1" title="可倫坡">可倫坡</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">歐洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅"><img alt="蒙特內哥羅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/60px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%87%E8%92%82%E6%B6%85" title="采蒂涅">采蒂涅</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰"><img alt="荷兰" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷蘭</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%B8%B9" title="阿姆斯特丹">阿姆斯特丹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E7%89%99" title="海牙">海牙</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D78991">曾經</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B4%B2" title="非洲">非洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚"><img alt="利比亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="利比亞王國">利比亞</a> <ul><li>1951-1969：<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%84%E9%BB%8E%E6%B3%A2%E9%87%8C" title="的黎波里">的黎波里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%8A%A0%E8%A5%BF" title="班加西">班加西</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E7%BB%B4" title="马拉维"><img alt="马拉维" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Flag_of_Malawi.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malawi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%89%E5%A8%81" class="mw-redirect" title="馬拉威">馬拉威</a> <ul><li>1974-1994：<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E9%9A%86%E5%9C%AD" title="利隆圭">利隆圭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B7%B4" title="松巴">松巴</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E6%B4%B2" title="亚洲">亚洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度"><img alt="英属印度" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/60px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B1%9E%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="英属印度">英属印度</a> <ul><li>1858-1911：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89" title="西姆拉">西姆拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E5%90%84%E7%AD%94" title="加尔各答">加尔各答</a>；1911-1947：<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89" title="西姆拉">西姆拉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C" title="德里">德里</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝"><img alt="老挝" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/40px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Laos.svg/60px-Flag_of_Laos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E6%8C%9D" title="老挝">老挝</a> <ul><li>1947-1975：<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E7%8F%8D" title="永珍">永珍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%85%E5%8B%83%E6%8B%89%E9%82%A6" title="琅勃拉邦">瑯勃拉邦</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾"><img alt="菲律宾" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E8%B3%93" class="mw-redirect" title="菲律賓">菲律賓</a> <ul><li>1948-1976：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%8E%E6%9D%BE%E5%B8%82" title="奎松市">奎松市</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E6%8B%89" class="mw-redirect" title="馬尼拉">馬尼拉</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚"><img alt="格鲁吉亚" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E5%90%89%E4%BA%9A" title="格鲁吉亚">格鲁吉亚</a> <ul><li>2012-2018：<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="第比利斯">第比利斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="庫塔伊西">庫塔伊西</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国"><img alt="德国" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a> <ul><li>1990-1999：<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E6%9E%97" title="柏林">柏林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%81%A9" title="波恩">波恩</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅"><img alt="塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro_%281992%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E7%88%BE%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E%E8%88%87%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="塞爾維亞與蒙特內哥羅">塞爾維亞和黑山</a> <ul><li>2003-2006：<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7" title="贝尔格莱德">贝尔格莱德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%B7%E6%88%88%E9%87%8C%E5%AF%9F" title="波德戈里察">波德戈里察</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="國際組織成員" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="國際組織成員" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">國際組織成員</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:114%;"><div style="padding:0px;"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="欧洲联盟成员国" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:欧盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:欧盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AC%A7%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:欧盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="欧洲联盟成员国" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">欧洲联盟</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E6%88%90%E5%91%98%E5%9B%BD" title="欧洲联盟成员国">成员国</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" title="奥地利">奥地利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/100px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="地中海聯盟" style="width:100%;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Template talk:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:地中海聯盟"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="地中海聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="地中海聯盟">地中海聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">成員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="保加利亚">保加利亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/22px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/33px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg/44px-Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E6%99%AE%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF" title="賽普勒斯">賽普勒斯</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B" title="捷克">捷克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/22px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/33px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/44px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6" title="丹麦">丹麦</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="爱沙尼亚">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E5%85%B0" title="芬兰">芬兰</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/40px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/60px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A" title="希腊">希腊</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9" title="匈牙利">匈牙利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="義大利">義大利</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/40px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/60px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0" title="爱尔兰">爱尔兰</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%AB%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" title="拉脫維亞">拉脫維亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B" title="立陶宛">立陶宛</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">盧森堡</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Malta.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malta.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%80%B3%E4%BB%96" title="马耳他">馬爾他</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/22px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/33px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/44px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E5%85%B0" title="波兰">波蘭</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99" title="葡萄牙">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/22px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/33px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/44px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E" title="羅馬尼亞">羅馬尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B" title="斯洛伐克">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="斯洛文尼亚">斯洛維尼亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99" title="西班牙">西班牙</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/22px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/33px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/44px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E6%B4%9B%E5%93%A5" title="摩洛哥">摩洛哥</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="毛里塔尼亚">毛里塔尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Tunisia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Tunisia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%B0%BC%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E" title="突尼西亞">突尼西亞</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔及利亚">阿尔及利亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/22px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/33px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/44px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%8F%8A" title="埃及">埃及</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/22px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/33px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/44px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97" title="以色列">以色列</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E6%97%A6" title="约旦">约旦</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6" title="土耳其">土耳其</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/40px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_Albania.svg/60px-Flag_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="阿尔巴尼亚">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/40px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/60px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85" title="蒙特內哥羅">蒙特內哥羅</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_North_Macedonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A0%93" title="北馬其頓">北馬其頓</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/33px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/44px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="1920" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9" title="黎巴嫩">黎巴嫩</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">觀察員國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/22px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/33px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/44px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9A" title="利比亚">利比亞</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22x20px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=&#124;class=notpageimage_北大西洋公约组织" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/33px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Flag_of_NATO.svg/44px-Flag_of_NATO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="北大西洋公约组织">北大西洋公约组织</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">历史</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6" title="北大西洋公约">北大西洋公约</a>》</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E5%B3%B0%E6%9C%83" title="北約峰會">峰会</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北约军事行动" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NATO Operations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约军事行动（页面不存在）">军事行动</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Operations" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Operations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NATO Operations</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5" title="北約擴張">扩张</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/100px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/150px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png/200px-Seal_of_the_North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">组织</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%B8%BD%E9%83%A8" title="北約總部">總部</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A" title="北大西洋理事会">理事会</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令部</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盟军转型司令部" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Allied Command Transformation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型司令部（页面不存在）">盟军转型司令部</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allied_Command_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Allied Command Transformation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Allied Command Transformation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北约议会大会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="NATO Parliamentary Assembly"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约议会大会（页面不存在）">议会大会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Parliamentary_Assembly" class="extiw" title="en:NATO Parliamentary Assembly"><span lang="en" dir="auto">NATO Parliamentary Assembly</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E9%95%BF" title="北大西洋公约组织秘书长">秘书长</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="北約軍事委員會主席">军事委员会主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4%E9%83%A8" title="欧洲盟军最高司令部">欧洲盟军最高司令</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盟军转型最高司令" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Supreme Allied Commander Transformation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%9F%E5%86%9B%E8%BD%AC%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%B8%E4%BB%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="盟军转型最高司令（页面不存在）">盟军转型最高司令</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Allied_Commander_Transformation" class="extiw" title="en:Supreme Allied Commander Transformation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Supreme Allied Commander Transformation</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E6%88%90%E5%93%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="北約成員國">成员国</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="阿尔巴尼亚武装部队">阿尔巴尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="比利時國防軍">比利时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="保加利亞武裝部隊">保加利亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="加拿大武裝部隊">加拿大</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9F%83%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="克羅埃西亞軍事">克罗地亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="捷克軍事">捷克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A5%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="丹麥國防軍">丹麦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E6%B2%99%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="愛沙尼亞國防軍">爱沙尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="芬蘭國防軍">芬兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="法國武裝部隊">法国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="德國聯邦國防軍">德国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="希臘武裝部隊">希腊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E7%89%99%E5%88%A9%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="匈牙利國防軍">匈牙利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="冰島軍事">冰岛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="義大利武裝部隊">意大利</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%84%B1%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%86%9B%E4%BA%8B" title="拉脱维亚军事">拉托维亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E9%99%B6%E5%AE%9B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="立陶宛武装部队">立陶宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B" title="盧森堡軍事">卢森堡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒙特內哥羅軍隊" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Military of Montenegro"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%99%E7%89%B9%E5%85%A7%E5%93%A5%E7%BE%85%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蒙特內哥羅軍隊（页面不存在）">蒙特內哥羅</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Montenegro" class="extiw" title="en:Military of Montenegro"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military of Montenegro</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E8%98%AD%E8%BB%8D%E9%9A%8A" title="荷蘭軍隊">荷兰</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北马其顿军队" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Army of the Republic of North Macedonia"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B6%E9%A1%BF%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北马其顿军队（页面不存在）">北马其顿</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Republic_of_North_Macedonia" class="extiw" title="en:Army of the Republic of North Macedonia"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Army of the Republic of North Macedonia</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="挪威國防軍">挪威</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%98%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E8%BB%8D" title="波蘭共和國軍">波兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="葡萄牙武装部队">葡萄牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="罗马尼亚武装部队">罗马尼亚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%90%E5%85%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="斯洛伐克武裝部隊">斯洛伐克</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯洛文尼亚武装部队" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Slovenian Armed Forces"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E6%B4%9B%E6%96%87%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯洛文尼亚武装部队（页面不存在）">斯洛文尼亚</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenian_Armed_Forces" class="extiw" title="en:Slovenian Armed Forces"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Slovenian Armed Forces</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="西班牙军队">西班牙</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E8%BB%8D" title="瑞典國防軍">瑞典</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%80%B3%E5%85%B6%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F" title="土耳其军队">土耳其</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%9D%E9%83%A8%E9%9A%8A" title="英國武裝部隊">英国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%AD%A6%E8%A3%85%E9%83%A8%E9%98%9F" title="美国武装部队">美国</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北约外交关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of NATO"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北约外交关系（页面不存在）">多边关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_NATO" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of NATO"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of NATO</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="大西洋公约协会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Atlantic Treaty Association"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E5%85%AC%E7%BA%A6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大西洋公约协会（页面不存在）">大西洋公约协会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Treaty_Association" class="extiw" title="en:Atlantic Treaty Association"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Atlantic Treaty Association</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2-%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E7%90%86%E4%BA%8B%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会（页面不存在）">欧洲-大西洋伙伴理事会</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro-Atlantic_Partnership_Council" class="extiw" title="en:Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="欧洲联盟">歐盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7%E5%AF%B9%E8%AF%9D" title="地中海对话">地中海對話</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="和平伙伴关系计划">和平伙伴關係計畫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%BC%99%E4%BC%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8%E8%AE%A1%E5%88%92" title="独立合作伙伴行动计划">獨立合作夥伴行動計劃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%9D%9E%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E7%9B%9F%E5%8F%8B" title="主要非北約盟友">主要非北約盟友</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E5%80%A1%E8%AE%AE" title="伊斯坦布尔合作倡议">伊斯坦堡合作倡議</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%9C%BC%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="五眼聯盟">五眼聯盟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E5%92%8C%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" title="古阿姆民主和经济发展组织">古阿姆民主和經濟發展組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="七大工業國組織">七大工業國組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%88%87%E5%90%88%E4%BD%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="歐洲安全與合作組織">歐洲安全與合作組織</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9C%8B%E9%9B%86%E5%9C%98" title="二十國集團">二十大工業國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">制度與法律規章</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%B4%84%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="北約聯合軍事符號">NATO軍事標準標誌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BA%A6%E9%A2%82%E6%AD%8C" title="北约颂歌">北约之歌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="比荷盧聯盟" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Template:比荷卢联盟国家"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:比荷卢联盟国家（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:比荷卢联盟国家"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="比荷盧聯盟" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" title="比荷盧聯盟">比荷盧聯盟</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E5%88%A9%E6%97%B6" title="比利时">比利时</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">荷兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E6%A3%AE%E5%A0%A1" title="卢森堡">卢森堡</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benelux_schematic_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Benelux countries with flag colours" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Benelux_schematic_map.svg/50px-Benelux_schematic_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Benelux_schematic_map.svg/75px-Benelux_schematic_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Benelux_schematic_map.svg/100px-Benelux_schematic_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E5%8D%A2%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" title="比荷卢议会">比荷卢议会</a> · <a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E8%8D%B7%E7%9B%A7%E6%97%97%E5%B9%9F" 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aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204034/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012369754X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/156652814">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGctfqf4FkcyYvj7tDQFX">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90546878">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451224">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862083x">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11862083x">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4042203-3">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Olanda"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV048226">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550359005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Netherlands"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n78085423">美国</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtsp7z3dl9s7q">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00568908">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Nizozemsko"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge128525&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/120508">葡萄牙</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">地理</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ef1b7cc0-cd26-36f4-8ea0-04d9623786c7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03480434?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">艺术家</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/8e90ae09-116f-4a28-a76b-21fbaae5e4a9">KulturNav</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/Hezo0pzm">英国议会</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003364">瑞士历史词典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10046275">NARA</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026357240">IdRef</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hollanda">伊斯兰百科全书</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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