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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geboren" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geboren"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geboren</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geboren-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mashhad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 98 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjhad" title="Masjhad – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Masjhad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99%C5%9Fh%C9%99d" title="Məşhəd – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məşhəd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%88%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B4" title="Мәшһәд – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәшһәд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Мэшхэд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэшхэд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মাশহাদ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাশহাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="МешхӀед – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="МешхӀед" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AF" title="مەشھەد – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەشھەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maschhad" title="Maschhad – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maschhad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Μασχάντ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μασχάντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%9Dhado" title="Maŝhado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maŝhado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxhad" title="Maxhad – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maxhad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machhad" title="Machhad – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machhad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%93" title="משהד – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משהד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6" title="मशहद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मशहद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshed" title="Meshed – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meshed" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մաշհադ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաշհադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyhad" title="Masyhad – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyhad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashdad" title="Mashdad – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mashdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89" title="マシュハド – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マシュハド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მეშჰედი – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეშჰედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машһад – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Машһад" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%88%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C" title="마슈하드 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마슈하드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fhed" title="Meşhed – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşhed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexatum" title="Mexatum – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mexatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1hedas" title="Mešhedas – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mešhedas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1heda" title="Mešheda – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mešheda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Мэшхэд – Moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мэшхэд" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara" title="Mahara – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mahara" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മശ്‌ഹദ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മശ്‌ഹദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6" title="मशहद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मशहद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мешхед ош – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мешхед ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Ossetisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮਸ਼ਹਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸ਼ਹਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meszhed" title="Meszhed – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meszhed" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="مشہد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشہد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexede" title="Mexede – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mexede" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C8%99had" title="Mașhad – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mașhad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Schots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%AF" title="مشھد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مشھد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshhed" title="Meshhed – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meshhed" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meszhed" title="Meszhed – Silezisch" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Meszhed" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="மஸ்சாத் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஸ்சாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машҳад – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Машҳад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94" title="แมชแฮด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมชแฮด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%9Fat" title="Maşat – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Maşat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fhed" title="Meşhed – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meşhed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%88%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B4" title="Мәшһәд – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәшһәд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AF" title="مەشھەد – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەشھەد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="مشہد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1hed" title="Mešhed – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mešhed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="马什哈德 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马什哈德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მეშჰედი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეშჰედი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="馬什哈德 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬什哈德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="馬斯哈德 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬斯哈德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121157#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Mashhad" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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bekijken" style="font-size:87%;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Coördinaten"><img alt="Coördinaten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/23px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/35px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Internet-web-browser.svg/46px-Internet-web-browser.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=36_17_51_N_59_36_23_E_type:city(2500000)_region:IR&pagename=Mashhad">36° 18′ NB, 59° 36′ OL</a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <caption class="notheme" style="font-size:large; margin-bottom:0.5em;"><b>Mashhad</b><br />مشهد </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">Stad (shahr) in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Iran"><img alt="Vlag van Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/30px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/40px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:white; color:inherit; padding:0;" class="center" colspan="2"><div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width: 266px; max-width: 266px; float:none; clear:both;"><div style="position: relative;border: 1px solid none; padding: 0px; width: 266px; max-width: 266px;"><span class="notpageimage noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mashhad (Iran)"><img alt="Mashhad (Iran)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/266px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="266" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/399px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/532px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 23.9%; left: 78.6%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -4px; top: -4px; width: 8px; font-size: 8px; line-height:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mashhad"><img alt="Mashhad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; top:-2.65em; left:-3em; text-align: center;"><span style="padding: 1px;"></span></div></div></div><div style="font-size: 90%"> </div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Situering </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Provincies_van_Iran" title="Provincies van Iran">Provincie (ostān)</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Razavi-Khorasan" title="Razavi-Khorasan">Khorāsān-e Razavī</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sharestan" title="Sharestan">Sharestan</a> </th> <td>Mashhad </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Geografische_co%C3%B6rdinaten" title="Geografische coördinaten">Coördinaten</a> </th> <td><span class="plainlinks"><span class="coordinates plainlinks"><span id="text_coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=nl&params=36_017_045_N_59_036_043_E_type:city_scale:25000&pagename=Mashhad">36° 18′ NB, 59° 37′ OL</a></span></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Algemeen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Inwoners <br /><small class="nowrap">(2011)</small> </th> <td>2.766.258<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoogte_(geografie)" title="Hoogte (geografie)">Hoogte</a> </th> <td>995 m </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Politiek </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Burgemeester" title="Burgemeester">Burgemeester</a> </th> <td>Sowlat Mortazavi </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Overig </th></tr> <tr> <th>Website </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mashhad.ir">mashhad.ir</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" colspan="2">Foto's </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mashhad_iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Satellietfoto van Mashhad"><img alt="Satellietfoto van Mashhad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mashhad_iran.jpg/266px-Mashhad_iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mashhad_iran.jpg/399px-Mashhad_iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mashhad_iran.jpg/532px-Mashhad_iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2007" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Satellietfoto van Mashhad </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" style="padding:0;" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama"><img alt="Panorama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg/266px-Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg/399px-Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg/532px-Mashhad_City_in_the_morning.jpg 2x" data-file-width="798" data-file-height="493" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2" style="font-size:85%">Panorama </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" colspan="2"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Azi%C3%AB" title="Portaal:Azië">Azië</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Mashhad</b>, <b>Mashad</b> of <b>Mesjhed</b> (<a href="/wiki/Perzisch" title="Perzisch">Perzisch</a>: مشهد) is de op een na grootste stad van <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> en heeft ongeveer 2,8 miljoen inwoners. Het is de hoofdstad van de provincie <a href="/wiki/Razavi-Khorasan" title="Razavi-Khorasan">Khorāsān-e Razavī</a>, die in het noordoosten van het land ligt. </p><p>Mashhad wordt bevolkt door een meerderheid van Perzen en minderheden van Koerden en Turkmenen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Moskee_te_Mesjed_(1906).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Moskee_te_Mesjed_%281906%29.jpg/260px-Moskee_te_Mesjed_%281906%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Moskee_te_Mesjed_%281906%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="383" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Schrijn van imam Reza begin 20e eeuw</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Mashad2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mashad2.jpg/260px-Mashad2.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mashad2.jpg/390px-Mashad2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Mashad2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="478" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Schrijn van <a href="/wiki/Ali_ar-Rida" title="Ali ar-Rida">imam Reza</a></figcaption></figure> <p>De oorsprong van de stad is onduidelijk, maar de stad begon pas echt te groeien nadat <a href="/wiki/Ali_ar-Rida" title="Ali ar-Rida">imam Reza</a>, de achtste <a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">imam</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Jafari_(sjiisme)" title="Jafari (sjiisme)">twaalversjiieten</a> er begraven werd. Zijn graf groeide uit tot bedevaartplaats en trok vele <a href="/wiki/Bedevaart" title="Bedevaart">pelgrims</a>. </p><p>In de eeuwen na de bouw van de stad werd de stad vele malen vernietigd, maar werd steeds weer opgebouwd. Ten tijde van het <a href="/wiki/Il-kanaat" title="Il-kanaat">Il-kanaat</a>, het Mongoolse Rijk in Perzië, groeide de stad uit tot belangrijkste stad van de streek <a href="/wiki/Khorasan_(historische_regio)" title="Khorasan (historische regio)">Khorasan</a>, ten koste van <a href="/wiki/Toes" title="Toes">Toes</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shahrukh_Mirza" title="Shahrukh Mirza">Shah Rukh</a>, de zoon van <a href="/wiki/Timoer_Lenk" title="Timoer Lenk">Timoer Lenk</a>, bouwde het mausoleum van Reza verder uit. Hierna werd de stad door (<a href="/wiki/Soennisme" title="Soennisme">soennitische</a> <a href="/wiki/Oezbeken" title="Oezbeken">Oezbeken</a> veroverd en gedeeltelijk vernietigd. </p><p>Met de opkomst van de dynastie van de <a href="/wiki/Safawiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Safawiden">Safawiden</a>, die het sjiisme de <a href="/wiki/Staatsgodsdienst" title="Staatsgodsdienst">staatsgodsdienst</a> maakten, werd Mashhad pas echt een belangrijke stad. Onder hun leiding werden diverse gebouwen in Mashhad gebouwd. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a> werd de stad, net als andere delen van Iran, door <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanen</a> veroverd. Na verdrijving van de Afghanen bleef de stad onder Iraans bestuur. In 1839 vond het <a href="/wiki/Allahdad-incident" title="Allahdad-incident">Allahdad-incident</a> plaats, gericht tegen de Joodse bevolking van de stad. </p><p>Sjah <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Pahlavi" title="Mohammad Reza Pahlavi">Mohammad Reza Pahlavi</a> gaf tijdens een demonstratie van burgers die demonstreerden voor het recht om religieuze kleding te dragen, opdracht op hen te schieten. Honderden burgers kwamen hierbij om en het droeg in grote mate bij aan de onvrede die later leidde tot de <a href="/wiki/Iraanse_Revolutie" title="Iraanse Revolutie">Iraanse Revolutie</a>. </p><p>Sinds de Iraanse Revolutie zijn er diverse religieuze gebouwen in Mashad bijgebouwd. </p><p>In 2005 kwam Mashhad in het nieuws toen twee jonge mannelijke personen op 19 juli werden opgehangen nadat ze veroordeeld waren voor verkrachting van een jonge jongen, roof en alcoholconsumptie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Economie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mashhad is een toeristische stad, vooral door de aanwezigheid van het graf van imam Reza. Er komen jaarlijks miljoenen bezoekers naar Mashhad, wat deze stad tot een van de grootste bedevaartcentra van de wereld maakt. </p><p>Mashhad is ook een industriestad en heeft een <a href="/wiki/Mashhad_International_Airport" title="Mashhad International Airport">internationale luchthaven</a> en een <a href="/wiki/Metro_(vervoermiddel)" title="Metro (vervoermiddel)">metronetwerk</a>. </p><p>Mashhad staat zoals vele steden en streken in Iran bekend om zijn mooie tapijten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geboren">Geboren</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Geboren" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Geboren"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Sistani" title="Ali al-Sistani">Ali al-Sistani</a> (1930), grootayatollah van Irak</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Khamenei" title="Ali Khamenei">Ali Khamenei</a> (1939), groot<a href="/wiki/Ayatollah" title="Ayatollah">ayatollah</a>; sinds 1989 hoogste leider van Iran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Manesh" title="Marshall Manesh">Marshall Manesh</a> (1950), acteur</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Raisi" title="Ebrahim Raisi">Ebrahim Raisi</a> (1960-2024), politicus; president 2021-2024</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anousheh_Ansari" title="Anousheh Ansari">Anousheh Ansari</a> (1966), Iraans-Amerikaans zakenvrouw, eerste vrouwelijke ruimtetoerist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehsan_Jami" title="Ehsan Jami">Ehsan Jami</a> (1985), Iraans-Nederlands activist, politicus en publicist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reza_Ghoochannejhad" title="Reza Ghoochannejhad">Reza Ghoochannejhad</a> (1987), Iraans-Nederlands voetballer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101110125726/http://www.urbanrail.net/as/mash/mashhad.htm">Metrolijn van Mashhad</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/yearbook/1391/2.doc">Iran Statistical Yearbook (nr 2.10): Resultaat van de Census 1390 (24/10/2011).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashhad">https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashhad</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230327054606/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mashhad">Gearchiveerd</a> op 27 maart 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hewalname.com/ku/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Abbas%E2%80%93-Ali-Madih.-The-Kurds-of-Khorasan.pdf">http://www.hewalname.com/ku/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Abbas%E2%80%93-Ali-Madih.-The-Kurds-of-Khorasan.pdf</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230619212014/http://www.hewalname.com/ku/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Abbas%E2%80%93-Ali-Madih.-The-Kurds-of-Khorasan.pdf">Gearchiveerd</a> op 19 juni 2023.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mashhad#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mashhad">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mashhad#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mashhad">Mashhad</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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