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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Member of Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Member_of_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership_of_the_Labour_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership_of_the_Labour_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leadership of the Labour Party</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership_of_the_Labour_Party-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership of the Labour Party subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership_of_the_Labour_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_period_(1983–1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_period_(1983–1987)"> <div 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#1992_general_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>1992 general election</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1992_general_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-parliamentary_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-parliamentary_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Post-parliamentary career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-parliamentary_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-parliamentary career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-parliamentary_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_Union_Commissioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union_Commissioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>European Union Commissioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union_Commissioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Life_peerage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_peerage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Life peerage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_peerage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Welsh_identity_and_devolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_identity_and_devolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Welsh identity and devolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_identity_and_devolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brexit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brexit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Brexit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brexit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83" title="نيل كينوك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيل كينوك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ניל קינוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניל קינוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%ABls_Kinoks" title="Nīls Kinoks – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nīls Kinoks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Gordon_Kinnock" title="Neil Gordon Kinnock – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neil Gordon Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D9%83" title="نيل كينوك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيل كينوك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AD%E3%83%8E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF" title="ニール・キノック – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ニール・キノック" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DA%A9" title="نیل کینوک – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نیل کینوک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Киннок, Нил – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Киннок, Нил" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Kinnock" title="Neil Kinnock – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neil Kinnock" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%BB_%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Ніл Кіннок – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ніл Кіннок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%BA%E5%85%8B" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Welsh politician (born 1942)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Nile_Kinnick" title="Nile Kinnick">Nile Kinnick</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">The Lord Kinnock</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock,_Member_of_the_EC_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="961" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1995</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-President of the European Commission</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 September 1999 – 21 November 2004<div style="line-height:normal; padding-top:0.2em; padding-bottom:0.1em">Serving with <a href="/wiki/Loyola_de_Palacio" title="Loyola de Palacio">Loyola de Palacio</a></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prodi_Commission" title="Prodi Commission">European Commissioner for Administrative Reform</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 September 1999 – 21 November 2004</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Erkki_Liikanen" title="Erkki Liikanen">Erkki Liikanen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">European Commissioner for Transport</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />16 February 1995 – 16 September 1999</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Manuel Marín">Manuel Marín</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karel_Van_Miert" title="Karel Van Miert">Karel Van Miert</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Loyola_de_Palacio" title="Loyola de Palacio">Loyola de Palacio</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 October 1983 – 18 July 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Monarch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Prime Minister</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Leader of the Labour Party</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />2 October 1983 – 18 July 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science">Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />14 July 1979 – 2 October 1983</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Leader</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Oakes" title="Gordon Oakes">Gordon Oakes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giles_Radice" title="Giles Radice">Giles Radice</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">Life peerage</a></b></span> <br />28 January 2005</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Islwyn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islwyn (UK Parliament constituency)">Islwyn</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bedwellty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedwellty (UK Parliament constituency)">Bedwellty</a> (1970–1983)</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 June 1970 – 20 January 1995</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Finch" title="Harold Finch">Harold Finch</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Don_Touhig" title="Don Touhig">Don Touhig</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Neil Gordon Kinnock</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-03-28</span>) </span>28 March 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 82)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Tredegar" title="Tredegar">Tredegar</a>, Wales</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glenys_Kinnock" title="Glenys Kinnock">Glenys Parry</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1967; died 2023)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinnock" title="Stephen Kinnock">Stephen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Neil Kinnock's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg/128px-Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg/192px-Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg/256px-Neil_Kinnock_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="197" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_conference_by_Neil_Kinnock_on_the_update_of_the_EC_administrative_reform_process.ogg" title="File:Press conference by Neil Kinnock on the update of the EC administrative reform process.ogg">Neil Kinnock's voice</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="268" data-mwtitle="Press_conference_by_Neil_Kinnock_on_the_update_of_the_EC_administrative_reform_process.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Press_conference_by_Neil_Kinnock_on_the_update_of_the_EC_administrative_reform_process.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Press_conference_by_Neil_Kinnock_on_the_update_of_the_EC_administrative_reform_process.ogg/Press_conference_by_Neil_Kinnock_on_the_update_of_the_EC_administrative_reform_process.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Kinnock presents proposals to the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a> on modernising its <a href="/wiki/Human_resources" title="Human resources">human resources</a> policy<br />Recorded 30 October 2001</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Neil Gordon Kinnock, Baron Kinnock</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_(United_Kingdom)" title="Privy Council (United Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (born 28 March 1942) is a Welsh politician who was <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Leader of the Labour Party</a> from <a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> to <a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) from 1970 to 1995, first for <a href="/wiki/Bedwellty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedwellty (UK Parliament constituency)">Bedwellty</a> and then for <a href="/wiki/Islwyn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islwyn (UK Parliament constituency)">Islwyn</a>. He was <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-President of the European Commission</a> from 1999 to 2004. Kinnock was considered to be on the <a href="/wiki/Soft_left" title="Soft left">soft left</a> of the Labour Party. </p><p>Born and raised in <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a>, Kinnock was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970 general election</a>. He became the Labour Party's shadow education minister after the Conservatives won power in the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>. After the party under <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a> suffered a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide</a> defeat to <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 election</a>, Kinnock was elected Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition. During his tenure as leader, Kinnock proceeded to fight the party's <a href="/wiki/Left_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left wing">left wing</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a>, and he opposed <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">NUM</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a>'s methods in the <a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%931985_miners%27_strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1984–1985 miners' strike">1984–1985 miners' strike</a>. He led the party during most of the <a href="/wiki/Premiership_of_Margaret_Thatcher" title="Premiership of Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher government</a>, which included its third successive election defeat when Thatcher won the <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general election</a>. Although Thatcher had won another landslide, Labour regained sufficient seats for Kinnock to remain Leader of the Opposition following the election. </p><p>Kinnock led the Labour Party to a surprise fourth consecutive defeat at the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, despite the party being ahead of <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>'s Conservative government in most opinion polls, which had predicted either a narrow Labour victory or a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a>. Shortly afterwards, he resigned as Leader of the Labour Party; he was succeeded in <a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">the ensuing leadership election</a> by <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a>. He left the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> in 1995 to become a <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner">European Commissioner</a>. He went on to become <a href="/wiki/Vice-President_of_the_European_Commission" title="Vice-President of the European Commission">Vice-President of the European Commission</a> under <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a> from 1999 to 2004, before being elevated to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> as Baron Kinnock in 2005. Until the summer of 2009, he was also the chairman of the <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a> and the president of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_University" title="Cardiff University">Cardiff University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinnock, an only child, was born in <a href="/wiki/Tredegar" title="Tredegar">Tredegar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> on Saturday 28 March 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Gordon Herbert Kinnock was a former <a href="/wiki/Coal_miner" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal miner">coal miner</a> who later worked as a labourer; and his mother Mary Kinnock (née Howells) was a district nurse.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilsford1995_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilsford1995-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DavisHerrmann1982_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DavisHerrmann1982-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gordon died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a> in November 1971 aged 64;<sup id="cite_ref-Jones1994_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1994-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mary died the following month aged 61.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones1994_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones1994-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1953, at eleven years old, Kinnock began his <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education" title="Secondary education">secondary education</a> at <a href="/wiki/Lewis_School,_Pengam" title="Lewis School, Pengam">Lewis School, Pengam</a>, which he later criticised for its record on <a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">caning</a>. He went on to the <a href="/wiki/University_College_of_South_Wales_and_Monmouthshire" class="mw-redirect" title="University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire">University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire</a> in Cardiff (now Cardiff University), where he graduated in 1965 with a degree in Industrial Relations and History. The following year, Kinnock obtained a postgraduate diploma in education. Between August 1966 and May 1970, he worked as a tutor for a <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Educational_Association" title="Workers' Educational Association">Workers' Educational Association</a> (WEA).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married <a href="/wiki/Glenys_Kinnock" title="Glenys Kinnock">Glenys Kinnock</a> in 1967. They have two children – son <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinnock" title="Stephen Kinnock">Stephen Kinnock</a> (born January 1970, now a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> MP), and daughter Rachel Kinnock (born 1971).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glenys died on 3 December 2023. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Member_of_Parliament">Member of Parliament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Member of Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 1969, Kinnock won the Labour Party nomination for <a href="/wiki/Bedwellty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedwellty (UK Parliament constituency)">Bedwellty</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a>, which became <a href="/wiki/Islwyn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islwyn (UK Parliament constituency)">Islwyn</a> for the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 general election</a>. He was first elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> on 18 June 1970, and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee of the Labour Party</a> in October 1978. Upon his becoming an MP, his father said "Remember Neil, MP stands not just for Member of Parliament, but also for Man of Principle." </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1975_United_Kingdom_European_Communities_membership_referendum" title="1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum">1975 referendum on Britain's membership of the European Communities</a>, Kinnock campaigned for Britain to leave the Common Market.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Labour's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/1979_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1979 United Kingdom general election">1979 general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a> appointed Kinnock to the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet" title="Shadow cabinet">Shadow cabinet</a> as education spokesman. His ambition was noted by other MPs, and <a href="/wiki/David_Owen" title="David Owen">David Owen</a>'s opposition to the changes to the <a href="/wiki/Electoral_college" title="Electoral college">electoral college</a> was thought to be motivated by the realisation that they would favour Kinnock's succession. Kinnock remained as education spokesman following the resignation of Callaghan as Leader of the Labour Party and the election of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a> as his successor in late 1980. </p><p>In 1981, while still serving as Labour's education spokesman, Kinnock was alleged to have effectively scuppered <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a>'s attempt to replace <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a> as Labour's Deputy Leader by first supporting the candidacy of the more traditionalist Tribunite <a href="/wiki/John_Silkin" title="John Silkin">John Silkin</a> and then urging Silkin supporters to abstain on the second, run-off, ballot. </p><p>Kinnock was known as a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-wing">left-winger</a>, and gained prominence for his attacks on <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a>'s handling of the <a href="/wiki/Falklands_War" title="Falklands War">Falklands War</a> in 1982. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership_of_the_Labour_Party">Leadership of the Labour Party</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Leadership of the Labour Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Neil_Kinnock" title="Shadow Cabinet of Neil Kinnock">Shadow Cabinet of Neil Kinnock</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_period_(1983–1987)"><span id="First_period_.281983.E2.80.931987.29"></span>First period (1983–1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First period (1983–1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_(Rotterdam)_Joop_den_Uyl_(l),_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg/220px-Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg/330px-Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg/440px-Start_campagne_voor_Europese_verkiezingen_van_PvdA_%28Rotterdam%29_Joop_den_Uyl_%28l%29%2C_Bestanddeelnr_932-9810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3688" data-file-height="2455" /></a><figcaption>Kinnock meeting Dutch Labour Party leader <a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Joop den Uyl</a> in 1984</figcaption></figure> <p>Following Labour's landslide defeat at the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983 general election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a> resigned as Leader of the Labour Party aged 69, and from the outset; it was expected that the much younger Kinnock would succeed him. He was finally <a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">elected as Labour Party leader</a> on 2 October 1983, with 71% of the vote, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a> was elected as his deputy; their prospective partnership was considered to be a "dream ticket".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His first period as party leader between the <a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a> and <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general elections</a> was dominated by his struggle with the <a href="/wiki/Hard-left" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard-left">hard-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a>, then still a dominant force in the party. Kinnock was determined to move the party's political standing to a more <a href="/wiki/Centrist" class="mw-redirect" title="Centrist">centrist</a> position, in order to improve its chances of winning a future general election.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Kinnock had come from the <a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a> <a href="/wiki/Left_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Left wing">left wing</a> of the party, he parted company with many of his former allies following his appointment to the Shadow Cabinet. </p><p>The Labour Party was also threatened by the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a>/<a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">Liberal Alliance</a>, which pulled out more centrist adherents. On a broader perspective, the traditional Labour voter was disappearing<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> in the face of de-industrialisation that the Conservative government had accepted since 1979.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Kinnock focused on modernising the party, and upgrading its technical skills such as use of the media and keeping track of voters, while at the same time battling the Militants. Under his leadership, the Labour Party abandoned unpopular old positions, especially the <a href="/wiki/Nationalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalisation">nationalisation</a> of certain industries, although this process was not completed until future party leader <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> revamped <a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a> in the party's manifesto in 1995. He stressed economic growth, which had a much broader appeal to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_class" title="Middle class">middle class</a> than the idea of redistributing wealth to benefit the poor. He accepted membership in the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, whereas the party had pledged immediate withdrawal from it under <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a>. He discarded the rhetoric of class warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> These actions meant that Kinnock had made plenty of enemies on the left wing of the party by the time he was elected as leader, though a substantial number of former Bennites gave him strong support. He was almost immediately in serious difficulty as a result of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a>'s decision to lead his union, the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">National Union of Mineworkers</a> (NUM) into a national strike (in opposition to pit closures) without a nationwide ballot. The NUM was widely regarded as the labour movement's <a href="/wiki/Praetorian_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Praetorian guard">praetorian guard</a> and the strike convulsed the Labour movement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (July 2010)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> Kinnock supported the aim of the strike – which he dubbed the "case for coal" – but, as an MP from a mining area, was bitterly critical of the tactics employed. When heckled at a Labour Party rally for referring to the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_Wilkie" title="Killing of David Wilkie">killing of David Wilkie</a> as "an outrage", Kinnock lost his temper and accused the hecklers of "living like parasites off the struggle of the miners" and implied that Scargill had lied to the striking miners.<sup id="cite_ref-LWL294_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LWL294-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1985, he made his criticisms public in a speech to Labour's conference:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The strike wore on. The violence built up because the single tactic chosen was that of mass picketing, and so we saw policing on a scale and with a system that has never been seen in Britain before. The court actions came, and by the attitude to the court actions, the NUM leadership ensured that they would face crippling damages as a consequence. To the question: "How did this position arise?", the man from the lodge in my constituency said: "It arose because nobody really thought it out."</p></blockquote> <p>In 2004, Kinnock said of Scargill, "Oh I detest him. I did then, I do now, and it's mutual. He hates me as well. And I'd much prefer to have his savage hatred than even the merest hint of friendship from that man."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kinnock blamed Scargill for some of the mine closures.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The strike's defeat early in the year,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the bad publicity associated with the <a href="/wiki/Entryism" title="Entryism">entryism</a> practised by the Trotskyist <a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant</a> group were the immediate context for the 1985 Labour Party conference.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier in the year, left-wing councils had <a href="/wiki/Rate-capping_rebellion" title="Rate-capping rebellion">protested at Government restriction of their budgets</a> by refusing to set budgets, resulting in a budget crisis in the Militant-dominated <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a>. Kinnock attacked Militant and their conduct in a speech delivered at the conference: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I'll tell you what happens with impossible promises. You start with far-fetched resolutions. They are then pickled into a rigid dogma, a code, and you go through the years sticking to that, outdated, misplaced, irrelevant to the real needs, and you end in the grotesque chaos of a Labour council – a <i>Labour</i> council – hiring taxis to scuttle round a city handing out redundancy notices to its own workers ... I am telling you, no matter how entertaining, how fulfilling to short-term egos – you can't play politics with people's jobs and with people's services or with their homes.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>One Liverpool MP, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Heffer" title="Eric Heffer">Eric Heffer</a>, a member of the NEC left the conference stage in disgust at Kinnock's comments.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1986, the Labour Party finally expelled the deputy leader of Liverpool council, the high-profile Militant supporter <a href="/wiki/Derek_Hatton" title="Derek Hatton">Derek Hatton</a>, who was found guilty of "manipulating the rules of the district Labour party".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1986, the party's position appeared to strengthen further with excellent local election results and a thorough <a href="/wiki/Rebranding" title="Rebranding">rebranding</a> of the party under the direction of Kinnock's director of communications <a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a>, as well as seizing the <a href="/wiki/Fulham" title="Fulham">Fulham</a> seat in <a href="/wiki/West_London" title="West London">West London</a> from the Conservatives at an April by-election.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour, now sporting a continental <a href="/wiki/Social_democratic" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democratic">social democratic</a> style emblem of a <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> (replacing the party's first logo, the Liberty logo), appeared to be able to run the governing <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a> close, but <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Margaret Thatcher</a> did not let Labour's makeover go unchallenged. </p><p>The Conservatives's 1986 conference was well-managed, and effectively relaunched the Conservatives as a party of radical <a href="/wiki/Free-market" class="mw-redirect" title="Free-market">free-market</a> <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>. Labour suffered from a persistent image of extremism, especially as Kinnock's campaign to root out Militant dragged on as figures on the <a href="/wiki/Hard_left" title="Hard left">hard left</a> of the party tried to stop its progress. Opinion polls showed that voters favoured retaining the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Nuclear weapons of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom's nuclear weapons</a>, (Labour's policy, supported by Kinnock, was of <a href="/wiki/Unilateral_nuclear_disarmament" class="mw-redirect" title="Unilateral nuclear disarmament">unilateral nuclear disarmament</a>), and believed that the Conservatives would be better than Labour at defending the country.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1987_general_election">1987 general election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1987 general election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1987, Labour lost a by-election in Greenwich to the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">SDP</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Barnes" title="Rosie Barnes">Rosie Barnes</a>. As a result, Labour faced the <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general election</a> in some danger of finishing third in the popular vote, with the Conservatives once again expected to secure a comfortable victory. In secret, Labour's aim was to secure second place in order to remain as <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Most_Loyal_Opposition" title="His Majesty's Most Loyal Opposition">Official Opposition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mandelson and his team had revolutionised Labour's communications – a transformation symbolised by a <a href="/wiki/Party_election_broadcast" class="mw-redirect" title="Party election broadcast">party election broadcast</a> popularly known as "Kinnock: The Movie".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was directed by <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Hudson" title="Hugh Hudson">Hugh Hudson</a> and featured Kinnock's 1985 conference speech, and shots of him and his wife Glenys walking on the <a href="/wiki/Great_Orme" title="Great Orme">Great Orme</a> in <a href="/wiki/Llandudno" title="Llandudno">Llandudno</a> (so emphasising his appeal as a family man and associating him with images of Wales away from the coal mining communities where he grew up), and a speech to that year's <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Labour Party">Welsh Labour Party</a> conference asking why he was the "first Kinnock in a thousand generations" to go to <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a>. </p><p>On polling day, Labour easily took second place, but with only a 31% share of the vote to the SDP-Liberal Alliance's 22%.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Labour was still more than ten percentage points behind the Conservatives, who retained a three-figure majority in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>. However, the Conservative government's majority had come down from 144 seats in 1983 to 102.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Significantly, Labour had gained twenty seats at the election.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labour won extra seats in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>, but lost ground particularly in <a href="/wiki/Southern_England" title="Southern England">Southern England</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, where the Conservatives still dominated. The Conservatives also regained the Fulham seat which it had lost to Labour at a by-election just over a year earlier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_period_(1987–1992)"><span id="Second_period_.281987.E2.80.931992.29"></span>Second period (1987–1992)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Second period (1987–1992)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Kinnock_(1989).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg/170px-Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg/255px-Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg/340px-Neil_Kinnock_%281989%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="743" /></a><figcaption>Kinnock in 1989</figcaption></figure> <p>A few months after the general election, Kinnock gained brief attention in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> in August 1987 when it was discovered that then-US Senator <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> (and future 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>) plagiarised one of Kinnock's speeches during <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 1988 presidential campaign">his 1988 presidential campaign</a> in a speech at a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> debate in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to Biden's withdrawal of his presidential campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two men met after the incident, forming a lasting friendship.<sup id="cite_ref-ic_wales_1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ic_wales_1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second period of Kinnock's leadership was dominated by his drive to reform the party's policies to gain office. This began with an exercise dubbed the <a href="/wiki/Policy_Review_(Labour_Party)" title="Policy Review (Labour Party)">policy review</a>, the most high-profile aspect of which was a series of consultations with the public known as "<a href="/wiki/Labour_Listens" title="Labour Listens">Labour Listens</a>" in the autumn of 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following Labour Listens, the party went on, in 1988, to produce a new statement of aims and values—meant to supplement and supplant the formulation of <a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a> of the party's constitution (though, crucially, this was not actually replaced until 1995 under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>) and was closely modelled on <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Anthony Crosland</a>'s social-democratic thinking—emphasising equality rather than <a href="/wiki/Public_ownership" class="mw-redirect" title="Public ownership">public ownership</a>. At the same time, the Labour Party's commitment to unilateral nuclear disarmament was dropped, and reforms of Party Conference and the National Executive meant that local parties lost much of their ability to influence policy. </p><p>In 1988, <a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">Kinnock was challenged</a> by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Benn" title="Tony Benn">Tony Benn</a> for the party leadership. Later many identified this as a particularly low period in Kinnock's leadership — as he appeared mired in internal battles after five years of leadership with the Conservatives still dominating the scene, and being ahead in the opinion polls. In the end, though, Kinnock won a decisive victory over Benn and would soon enjoy a substantial rise in support.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The policy review — reporting in 1989 —coincided with Labour's move ahead in the polls as the <a href="/wiki/Poll_tax_(Great_Britain)" title="Poll tax (Great Britain)">poll tax</a> row was destroying Conservative support, and Labour won big victories in local council elections as well as several parliamentary by-elections during 1989 and 1990. Labour overtook the Conservatives at the <a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1989 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1989 European elections</a>, winning 40% of the vote; the first time Labour had finished in first place at a national election in fifteen years. </p><p>In December 1989, Kinnock abandoned the Labour policy on <a href="/wiki/Closed_shop" title="Closed shop">closed shops</a>—a decision seen by many as a move away from traditional <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialist</a> policies to a more European-wide agenda, and also a move to rid the party of its image of being run by <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Heseltine" title="Michael Heseltine">Michael Heseltine</a> challenged Thatcher's leadership and she resigned on 28 November 1990 to be succeeded by then-<a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a>. Kinnock greeted Thatcher's resignation by describing it as "very good news" and demanded an immediate general election.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public reaction to Major's elevation was highly positive. A new <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister</a> and the fact that Kinnock was now the longest-serving current leader of a major party reduced the impact of calls for "Time for a Change". Neil Kinnock's showing in the opinion polls dipped; before Thatcher's resignation, Labour had been up to 10 points ahead of the Conservatives in the opinion polls (an <a href="/wiki/Ipsos_MORI" title="Ipsos MORI">Ipsos MORI</a> poll in April 1990 had actually shown Labour as being more than 20 points ahead of the Conservatives), but many opinion polls were actually showing the Conservatives with a higher amount of support than Labour, in spite of the <a href="/wiki/Early_1990s_recession" title="Early 1990s recession">deepening recession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By now Militant had finally been routed in the party, and their two MPs were expelled at the end of 1991, in addition to a number of supporters. The majority in the group were now disenchanted with entryism, and chose to function outside Labour's ranks, forming the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(England_and_Wales)" title="Socialist Party (England and Wales)">Socialist Party</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_general_election">1992 general election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1992 general election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Kinnock,_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg/220px-Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg/330px-Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg/440px-Neil_Kinnock%2C_Glenys_Kinnock_and_Bryan_Gould_in_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2019" /></a><figcaption>Kinnock conceding the 1992 general election</figcaption></figure> <p>In the three years leading up to the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, Labour had consistently topped the opinion polls, with 1991 seeing the Conservatives (rejuvenated by the arrival of a new leader with <a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">John Major</a> the previous November) snatch the lead from Labour more than once before Labour regained it. The rise in Conservative support came in spite of the economic recession and sharp rise in unemployment which affected Britain in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Major's election as <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)">Leader of the Conservative Party</a> (and becoming Prime Minister), Kinnock had spent the end of 1990<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most of 1991 putting pressure on Major to call a general election that year, but Major had held out and by the autumn he had insisted that there would be no general election in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Labour had gained four seats from the Conservatives in by-elections since the <a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987 general election</a>, having initially suffered disappointing results in some by-elections, namely a loss of the <a href="/wiki/Govan" title="Govan">Govan</a> constituency in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_National_Party" title="Scottish National Party">Scottish National Party</a> in November 1988. However, by the end of 1991, the Conservative majority still stood at 88 seats and Labour needed to win more than ninety new seats to gain an overall majority, although there was still the hope of forming a minority or <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> if Labour failed to win a majority. In the run-up to the election, held on 9 April 1992, most opinion polls had suggested that the election would result in either a <a href="/wiki/Hung_parliament" title="Hung parliament">hung parliament</a> or a small Labour majority.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a>, Labour made considerable progress – reducing the Conservatives' majority to just 21 seats. It came as a shock to many when the Conservatives won a majority, but the 'triumphalism' perceived by some observers of a Labour Party <a href="/wiki/Rally_in_Sheffield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally in Sheffield">rally in Sheffield</a> (together with Kinnock's performance on the podium) may have helped put floating voters off.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC97_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC97-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although internal polls<sup id="cite_ref-BBC97_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC97-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggested no impact, while public polls suggested a decline in support had already occurred,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of those directly involved in the campaign believe that the rally only came to widespread attention after the electoral defeat itself,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Kinnock himself changing his mind to a rejection of its negative impact over time.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an essay exploring why Kinnock never became Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Richards" title="Steve Richards">Steve Richards</a> notes that the impact of the rally on the 1992 election "acquired a mythological status as fatal event" after Labour's defeat. He further argues that this explanation is "a red herring" and that the same result would have happened without the rally.<sup id="cite_ref-SRichardspp157-158_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SRichardspp157-158-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the day of the general election, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)" title="The Sun (United Kingdom)">The Sun</a></i> newspaper ran a front page featuring Kinnock with the headline 'If Kinnock wins today, will the last person to leave Britain please turn out the lights.'<sup id="cite_ref-leveson_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leveson-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his <a href="/wiki/Resignation_speech" title="Resignation speech">resignation speech</a>, Kinnock blamed <i>The Sun</i> for Labour losing the election, along with other <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> media sections who had backed the Conservatives in the run-up to the election.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following day's headline in <i>The Sun</i> was '<a href="/wiki/It%27s_The_Sun_Wot_Won_It" title="It's The Sun Wot Won It">It's The Sun Wot Won It</a>', which <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a> – many years later, at his April 2012 appearance before the <a href="/wiki/Leveson_Inquiry" title="Leveson Inquiry">Leveson Inquiry</a> – stated was both 'tasteless and wrong' and led to the editor <a href="/wiki/Kelvin_MacKenzie" title="Kelvin MacKenzie">Kelvin MacKenzie</a> receiving a reprimand.<sup id="cite_ref-leveson_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leveson-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Labour-supporting <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mirror" title="Daily Mirror">Daily Mirror</a></i> had backed Kinnock for the 1987 general election<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and did so again in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Less expected was the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> backing Kinnock at the 1992 general election.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kinnock himself later claimed to have half-expected his defeat at the 1992 general election and proceeded to turn himself into a media personality, hosting a chat show on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a> and twice appearing on the topical panel show <i><a href="/wiki/Have_I_Got_News_for_You" title="Have I Got News for You">Have I Got News for You</a></i> within a year of the defeat. Many years later, he returned to appear as a guest host of the programme. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-parliamentary_career">Post-parliamentary career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-parliamentary career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinnock announced his resignation as Leader of the Labour Party on 13 April 1992, ending nearly a decade in the role. <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a>, previously Shadow Chancellor, <a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">was elected</a> on 18 July as his successor.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kinnock remained on the Advisory Council of the <a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">Institute for Public Policy Research</a>, which he helped set up in the 1980s. </p><p>Kinnock was an enthusiastic supporter of <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a>'s campaign for the Leadership of the Labour Party in 2010, and was reported as telling activists, when Miliband won, "We've got our party back" – although Miliband, like Kinnock, failed to lead the party back into government, and resigned after the Conservatives were re-elected with a small majority in <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2015 United Kingdom general election">2015</a>. Labour received their lowest seat tally under Miliband since the 1987 general election; when Kinnock was leader at that time. <sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, he participated in the Welsh family history television programme <i><a href="/wiki/Coming_Home_(British_TV_series)" title="Coming Home (British TV series)">Coming Home</a></i> where he discovered hitherto unknown information about his family.<sup id="cite_ref-cominghome_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cominghome-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Union_Commissioner">European Union Commissioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: European Union Commissioner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission" title="Santer Commission">Santer Commission</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prodi_Commission" title="Prodi Commission">Prodi Commission</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg/220px-Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg/330px-Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg/440px-Neil_Kinnock_and_Tony_Blair_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3637" data-file-height="2433" /></a><figcaption>Kinnock with <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> in 2000</figcaption></figure> <p>Kinnock was appointed one of the UK's two members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>, which he served first as Transport Commissioner under President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Santer" title="Jacques Santer">Jacques Santer</a>, in early 1995; marking the end of his 25 years in the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came less than a year after the death of his successor, <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a> and the election of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> as the party's new leader.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was obliged to resign as part of the forced, collective <a href="/wiki/Santer_Commission#Resignation" title="Santer Commission">resignation of the Commission</a> in 1999. He was re-appointed to the Commission under new President <a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Romano Prodi</a>. He now became one of the Vice-Presidents of the European Commission, with responsibility for Administrative Reform and the Audit, Linguistics and Logistics Directorates General.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His term of office as a Commissioner was due to expire on 30 October 2004, but was delayed owing to the withdrawal of the new Commissioners. During this second term of office on the Commission, he was responsible for introducing new staff regulations for EU officials, a significant feature of which was substantial salary cuts for everyone employed after 1 May 2004, reduced pension prospects for many others, and gradually worsening employment conditions. This made him disliked by many EU staff members, although the pressure on budgets that largely drove these changes had actually been imposed on the Commission from above by the Member States in Council. </p><p>In February 2004, it was announced that with effect from 1 November 2004, Kinnock would become head of the <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a>. Coincidentally, at the same time, his son <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinnock" title="Stephen Kinnock">Stephen</a> became head of the British Council branch in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia. At the end of October, it was announced that he would become a Member of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> (intending to be a working peer), when he was able to leave his EU responsibilities. In 1977, he had remained in the House of Commons, with <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skinner" title="Dennis Skinner">Dennis Skinner</a>, while other MPs walked to the Lords to hear the <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_speech" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's speech">Queen's speech</a> opening the new parliament. He had dismissed going to the Lords in recent interviews. Kinnock explained his change of attitude, despite the continuing presence of ninety hereditary peers and appointment by patronage, by asserting that the Lords was a good base for campaigning. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_peerage">Life peerage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Life peerage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kinnock,_Neil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg/170px-Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg/255px-Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg/340px-Kinnock%2C_Neil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="1260" /></a><figcaption>Kinnock in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 January 2005, he was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> as <i>Baron Kinnock, of <a href="/wiki/Bedwellty" title="Bedwellty">Bedwellty</a> in the County of <a href="/wiki/Gwent_(county)" title="Gwent (county)">Gwent</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was <a href="/wiki/Introduction_(House_of_Lords)" title="Introduction (House of Lords)">introduced</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> on 31 January 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On assuming his seat, he stated: "I accepted the kind invitation to enter the House of Lords as a working peer for practical political reasons." When his peerage was first announced, he said: "It will give me the opportunity ... to contribute to the national debate on issues like <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a>, research, Europe and foreign policy." </p><p>His peerage meant that the Labour and Conservative parties were equal in numbers in the upper house of Parliament (subsequently the number of Labour members overtook the number of Conservative members for many years). Kinnock was a long-time critic of the House of Lords, and his acceptance of a peerage led him to be accused of hypocrisy, by <a href="/wiki/Will_Self" title="Will Self">Will Self</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among others.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Welsh_identity_and_devolution">Welsh identity and devolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Welsh identity and devolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinnock is a supporter of Welsh devolution, with proposals for a Welsh Assembly included in the Labour Party's 1992 manifesto when he was leader. However, in the build up to the <a href="/wiki/1979_Welsh_devolution_referendum" title="1979 Welsh devolution referendum">1979 Welsh devolution referendum</a>, the Labour government was in favour of <a href="/wiki/Devolution_for_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Devolution for Wales">devolution for Wales</a>. Kinnock was one of just six MPs in <a href="/wiki/South_Wales" title="South Wales">South Wales</a> who campaigned against devolution, and personally backed an amendment to the <a href="/wiki/Wales_Act_1978" title="Wales Act 1978">Wales Act</a> stating that devolution would require not only a <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">simple majority</a>, but also the backing of 40% of the entire electorate. He later clarified that he supports devolution in principle, but found the proposed settlement at the time as failing to address the economic disparities in the UK, particularly following the <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_the_United_Kingdom#Complete_phase-out_for_electricity_generation" title="Coal mining in the United Kingdom">closure of coal mines in Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Kinnock supported a paper outlining an expanded devolution settlement by Centre Think Tank called "Devolution Revolution" which he described as "offering a clear route map towards workable and fair devolution for the whole of the UK".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kinnock has often referred to himself as a <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unionism in the United Kingdom">unionist</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brexit">Brexit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Brexit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kinnock strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Brexit" title="Brexit">Brexit</a>. In 2018, Kinnock stated, "The truth is that we can either take the increasingly plain risks and costs of leaving the EU or have the stability, growth and revenues vital for crucial public services like the NHS and social care. Recognising that, we should stop Brexit to save the NHS – or, at very least, mitigate the damage by seeking <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Area" title="European Economic Area">European Economic Area</a> membership."<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg/220px-Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg/330px-Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg/440px-Glenys_and_Neil_Kinnock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1934" data-file-height="1934" /></a><figcaption>Neil and <a href="/wiki/Glenys_Kinnock" title="Glenys Kinnock">Glenys Kinnock</a> in 2002</figcaption></figure> <p>Kinnock met <a href="/wiki/Glenys_Kinnock" title="Glenys Kinnock">Glenys Kinnock</a> (née Parry) in the early 1960s whilst studying at <a href="/wiki/University_College,_Cardiff" class="mw-redirect" title="University College, Cardiff">University College, Cardiff</a>, where they were known as "the power and the glory" (Glenys being the power), and they married on 25 March 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His wife was the UK's Minister for Africa and the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> from 2009–2010, and a Labour <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">Member of the European Parliament</a> (MEP) from 1994–2009. When she was made a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 2009, they became one of the few couples both to hold titles in their own right. Previously living together in <a href="/wiki/Peterston-super-Ely" title="Peterston-super-Ely">Peterston-super-Ely</a>, a village near the western outskirts of <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a>, in 2008 they relocated to <a href="/wiki/Tufnell_Park" title="Tufnell Park">Tufnell Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, to be closer to their daughter and grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Glenys' death was announced on 3 December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They have a son, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinnock" title="Stephen Kinnock">Stephen</a> and a daughter, Rachel.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neil Kinnock, through his son Stephen, is also the father-in-law of <a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a> who was <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Denmark" title="Prime Minister of Denmark">Prime Minister of Denmark</a> from 2011 to 2015. </p><p>On 26 April 2006, Kinnock was given a six-month driving ban after being found guilty of two speeding offences along the <a href="/wiki/M4_motorway" title="M4 motorway">M4 motorway</a>, west of London.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kinnock is a <a href="/wiki/Cardiff_City_F.C." title="Cardiff City F.C.">Cardiff City F.C.</a> fan and regularly attends matches.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a follower of <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> and supports <a href="/wiki/London_Welsh_RFC" title="London Welsh RFC">London Welsh RFC</a> at club level, regularly attending <a href="/wiki/Wales_national_rugby_union_team" title="Wales national rugby union team">Wales</a> games.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was portrayed by both <a href="/wiki/Chris_Barrie" title="Chris Barrie">Chris Barrie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coogan" title="Steve Coogan">Steve Coogan</a> in the satirical TV programme <i><a href="/wiki/Spitting_Image" title="Spitting Image">Spitting Image</a></i>, and by Euan Cuthbertson in the Scottish film <i><a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_La_Che" title="In Search of La Che">In Search of La Che</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Lord Kinnock was painted by artist <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sutcliffe" title="Edward Sutcliffe">Edward Sutcliffe</a>. The portrait was exhibited at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society_of_Portrait_Painters" title="Royal Society of Portrait Painters">Royal Society of Portrait Painters</a> Annual Exhibition that year.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kinnock has been described as an <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostic</a><sup id="cite_ref-agnostic1_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agnostic1-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-atheist1_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atheist1-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atheist2_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atheist2-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is a Patron of <a href="/wiki/Humanists_UK" title="Humanists UK">Humanists UK</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-neil-kinnock/index.html">"Mr Neil Kinnock"</a>. <i>Hansard</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210422171814/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-neil-kinnock/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hansard&rft.atitle=Mr+Neil+Kinnock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fpeople%2Fmr-neil-kinnock%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090715183040/http://www.britishcouncil.org/new/press-office/press-releases/Lord-Kinnock-to-resign-after-four-and-a-half-outstanding-years-as-Chair-of-the-British-Council/">"Britishcouncil.org"</a>. Britishcouncil.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishcouncil.org/new/press-office/press-releases/Lord-Kinnock-to-resign-after-four-and-a-half-outstanding-years-as-Chair-of-the-British-Council/">the original</a> on 15 July 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britishcouncil.org&rft.pub=Britishcouncil.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishcouncil.org%2Fnew%2Fpress-office%2Fpress-releases%2FLord-Kinnock-to-resign-after-four-and-a-half-outstanding-years-as-Chair-of-the-British-Council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060127/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/public_life/neil_kinnock.shtml">"South East Wales Public Life – Neil Kinnock – Labour politician from Tredegar"</a>. BBC. 28 March 1942. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/halloffame/public_life/neil_kinnock.shtml">the original</a> on 17 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+East+Wales+Public+Life+%E2%80%93+Neil+Kinnock+%E2%80%93+Labour+politician+from+Tredegar&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=1942-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Fsoutheast%2Fhalloffame%2Fpublic_life%2Fneil_kinnock.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilsford1995-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilsford1995_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilsford1995" class="citation book cs1">Wilsford, David (1995). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalleaders00wils"><i>Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary</i></a></span>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicalleaders00wils/page/236">236</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28623-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-28623-0"><bdi>978-0-313-28623-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+leaders+of+contemporary+Western+Europe%3A+a+biographical+dictionary&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-313-28623-0&rft.aulast=Wilsford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticalleaders00wils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DavisHerrmann1982-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DavisHerrmann1982_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisHerrmann1982" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Hunter; Herrmann, Frank (July 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eaYaAQAAMAAJ"><i>Great Britain</i></a>. H. Hamilton. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780241107553" title="Special:BookSources/9780241107553"><bdi>9780241107553</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Great+Britain&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=H.+Hamilton&rft.date=1982-07&rft.isbn=9780241107553&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Hunter&rft.au=Herrmann%2C+Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeaYaAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1673">"The Papers of Neil Kinnock"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018143332/https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1673">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Papers+of+Neil+Kinnock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Frepositories%2F9%2Fresources%2F1673&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones1994-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones1994_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones1994_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1994" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Eileen (29 April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zn1nAAAAMAAJ"><i>Neil Kinnock</i></a>. Hale. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-5239-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7090-5239-5"><bdi>978-0-7090-5239-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neil+Kinnock&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Hale&rft.date=1994-04-29&rft.isbn=978-0-7090-5239-5&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Eileen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzn1nAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2003" class="citation news cs1">Davies, Mark (4 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3044134.stm">"Profile: Neil Kinnock"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040404094458/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3044134.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Neil+Kinnock&rft.date=2003-07-04&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F3044134.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/KINNOCK+IS+LEADER+AT+HIS+RACHEL'S+WEDDING+PARTY%3B+Big+day+for+Neil's...-a076682244">"Kinnock is Leader at his Rachel's Wedding Party"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170510092027/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/KINNOCK+IS+LEADER+AT+HIS+RACHEL%27S+WEDDING+PARTY%3B+Big+day+for+Neil%27s...-a076682244">Archived</a> 10 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Sunday Mirror</i>, 22 July 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/neil-kinnock-why-i-changed-my-mind-about-britain-in-europe-brexit-eu">"Neil Kinnock: why I changed my mind about Britain in Europe"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(magazine)" title="Prospect (magazine)">Prospect</a></i>. 6 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210621071753/https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/neil-kinnock-why-i-changed-my-mind-about-britain-in-europe-brexit-eu">Archived</a> from the original on 21 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prospect&rft.atitle=Neil+Kinnock%3A+why+I+changed+my+mind+about+Britain+in+Europe&rft.date=2018-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prospectmagazine.co.uk%2Fpolitics%2Fneil-kinnock-why-i-changed-my-mind-about-britain-in-europe-brexit-eu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/2/newsid_2486000/2486483.stm">"1983: 'Dream ticket' wins Labour leadership"</a>. <i>On This Day</i>. BBC News. 2 October 1983. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018091028/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/2/newsid_2486000/2486483.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day&rft.atitle=1983%3A+%27Dream+ticket%27+wins+Labour+leadership&rft.date=1983-10-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Foctober%2F2%2Fnewsid_2486000%2F2486483.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge87.shtml">General election: "11 June 1987"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111203222938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/ge87.shtml">Archived</a> 3 December 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC Politics 97.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">F.M. Leventhal, ed., <i>Twentieth-century Britain: an encyclopedia</i> (2002) p 424.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LWL294-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LWL294_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdeneyLloyd1988" class="citation book cs1">Adeney, Martin; Lloyd, John (1988). <i>The Miners' Strike 1984-5: Loss Without Limit</i>. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-1371-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7102-1371-6"><bdi>978-0-7102-1371-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Miners%27+Strike+1984-5%3A+Loss+Without+Limit&rft.place=London&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan+Paul&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-7102-1371-6&rft.aulast=Adeney&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Lloyd%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpoliticalspeech.org/speech-archive.htm?speech=191">"Leader's speech, Bournemouth 1985: Neil Kinnock (Labour)"</a>. <i>British Political Speeches</i>. 3 March 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110929034628/http://www.britishpoliticalspeech.org/speech-archive.htm?speech=191">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=British+Political+Speeches&rft.atitle=Leader%27s+speech%2C+Bournemouth+1985%3A+Neil+Kinnock+%28Labour%29&rft.date=1985-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishpoliticalspeech.org%2Fspeech-archive.htm%3Fspeech%3D191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/02_february/27/coal_war.shtml">"The Coal War"</a>. BBC – Press Office. 27 February 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181123170511/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2004/02_february/27/coal_war.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Coal+War&rft.pub=BBC+%E2%80%93+Press+Office&rft.date=2004-02-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2004%2F02_february%2F27%2Fcoal_war.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/kinnock-says-scargill-to-blame-over-pit-closures-1492918.html">https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/kinnock-says-scargill-to-blame-over-pit-closures-1492918.html</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/3/newsid_2515000/2515019.stm">"1985: Miners call off year-long strike"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 March 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181002234802/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/3/newsid_2515000/2515019.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1985%3A+Miners+call+off+year-long+strike&rft.date=1985-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmarch%2F3%2Fnewsid_2515000%2F2515019.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For a history of the Militant tendency in the Labour Party, see Eric Shaw <i>Discipline and Discord in the Labour Party: The Politics of Managerial Control in the Labour Party, 1951–87</i>, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1988, p.218-90 and Michael Crick <i>The March of Militant</i>, London: Faber, 1986</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2015/11/crisis-without-end">"Neil Kinnock, Militant speech, Labour party conference, October 1985"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></i>. October 1985. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151112020739/http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/uk/2015/11/crisis-without-end">Archived</a> from the original on 12 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=Neil+Kinnock%2C+Militant+speech%2C+Labour+party+conference%2C+October+1985.&rft.date=1985-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2Fuk%2F2015%2F11%2Fcrisis-without-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaughtie1985" class="citation news cs1">Naughtie, James (2 October 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://century.guardian.co.uk/1980-1989/Story/0,6051,108249,00.html">"Labour in Bournemouth"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118124811/https://www.theguardian.com/century/1980-1989/Story/0,6051,108249,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+in+Bournemouth&rft.date=1985-10-02&rft.aulast=Naughtie&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcentury.guardian.co.uk%2F1980-1989%2FStory%2F0%2C6051%2C108249%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/12/newsid_2511000/2511839.stm">"1986: Labour expels Militant Hatton"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512024006/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/12/newsid_2511000/2511839.stm">Archived</a> 12 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC On This Day, 12 June</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLennon1989" class="citation news cs1">Lennon, Peter (2 October 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1989/oct/02/reshuffle1999.mandelson">"Guarding the good name of the rose"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202144813/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1989/oct/02/reshuffle1999.mandelson">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guarding+the+good+name+of+the+rose&rft.date=1989-10-02&rft.aulast=Lennon&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F1989%2Foct%2F02%2Freshuffle1999.mandelson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anthony King (ed.), <i>British Political Opinion, 1937–2000: The Gallup Polls</i> (Politico's, 2001), pp. 105–7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10518842">"The rise and fall of New Labour"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 August 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100805051127/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-10518842">Archived</a> from the original on 5 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+New+Labour&rft.date=2010-08-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-10518842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFgjCP6qpfU">"UK General Election 1987 Campaign – Kinnock the Movie"</a>. YouTube. 11 June 1987. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/SFgjCP6qpfU">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+General+Election+1987+Campaign+%E2%80%93+Kinnock+the+Movie&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=1987-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DSFgjCP6qpfU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120207133749/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/ge1987.html">"Summary results of the 1987 General Election"</a>. Election.demon.co.uk. 11 June 1987. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Summary+results+of+the+1987+General+Election&rft.pub=Election.demon.co.uk&rft.date=1987-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.election.demon.co.uk%2Fge1987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393315.stm">"1987: Thatcher's third victory"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422033842/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393315.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1987%3A+Thatcher%27s+third+victory&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393315.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/in_depth/election_battles/1987_over.stm">"VOTE2001 | THE ELECTION BATTLES 1945–1997"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510011913/http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/in_depth/election_battles/1987_over.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=VOTE2001+%26%23124%3B+THE+ELECTION+BATTLES+1945%E2%80%931997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fstatic%2Fvote2001%2Fin_depth%2Felection_battles%2F1987_over.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a> (12 September 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DD1531F931A2575AC0A961948260">"Biden's Debate Finale: An Echo From Abroad"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224123659/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE1DD1531F931A2575AC0A961948260">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden%27s+Debate+Finale%3A+An+Echo+From+Abroad&rft.date=1987-09-12&rft.aulast=Dowd&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE1DD1531F931A2575AC0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDionne_Jr.1987" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dionne" title="E. J. Dionne">Dionne Jr., E. J.</a> (24 September 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DF173AF937A1575AC0A961948260">"Biden Withdraws Bid for President in Wake of Furor"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207234156/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE0DF173AF937A1575AC0A961948260">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Biden+Withdraws+Bid+for+President+in+Wake+of+Furor&rft.date=1987-09-24&rft.aulast=Dionne+Jr.&rft.aufirst=E.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9B0DE0DF173AF937A1575AC0A961948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ic_wales_1-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ic_wales_1_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100121145731/http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2008/08/25/he-borrowed-kinnock-s-speech-but-neil-s-backing-joe-all-theway-91466-21597987/">"He borrowed Kinnock's speech, but Neil's backing Joe all the way"</a>. <i>WalesOnline website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WalesOnline+website&rft.atitle=He+borrowed+Kinnock%27s+speech%2C+but+Neil%27s+backing+Joe+all+the+way&rft.date=2008-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fwales-news%2F2008%2F08%2F25%2Fhe-borrowed-kinnock-s-speech-but-neil-s-backing-joe-all-theway-91466-21597987%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBevir2009" class="citation journal cs1">Bevir, Mark (1 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osb.revues.org/861">"The Remaking of Labour, 1987–1997"</a>. <i>Observatoire de la Société Britannique</i> (7): 351–366. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fosb.861">10.4000/osb.861</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154452227">154452227</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330235650/http://osb.revues.org/861">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observatoire+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+Britannique&rft.atitle=The+Remaking+of+Labour%2C+1987%E2%80%931997&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=351-366&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fosb.861&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154452227%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bevir&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fosb.revues.org%2F861&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurkinLester" class="citation web cs1">Durkin, Mary; Lester, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090618163059/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/briefings/snpc-03938.pdf">"Leadership Elections: Labour Party"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>House of Commons Library</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.atitle=Leadership+Elections%3A+Labour+Party&rft.aulast=Durkin&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Lester%2C+Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fcommons%2Flib%2Fresearch%2Fbriefings%2Fsnpc-03938.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/18/newsid_2538000/2538439.stm">"1989: Labour's union U-turn"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 December 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210125003519/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/18/newsid_2538000/2538439.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1989%3A+Labour%27s+union+U-turn&rft.date=1989-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fdecember%2F18%2Fnewsid_2538000%2F2538439.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/18/labour-abandons-the-closed-shop-archive-1989">"Labour abandons the closed shop – archive, 18 December 1989"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. 18 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210502021732/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/18/labour-abandons-the-closed-shop-archive-1989">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Labour+abandons+the+closed+shop+%E2%80%93+archive%2C+18+December+1989&rft.date=2020-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020%2Fdec%2F18%2Flabour-abandons-the-closed-shop-archive-1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-GgAkMeB-_c">"Mrs Thatcher Resigns – BBC 1 O'Clock News"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mrs+Thatcher+Resigns+%E2%80%93+BBC+1+O%27Clock+News&rft.pub=YouTube&rft.date=2008-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D-GgAkMeB-_c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8280050.stm">"Poll tracker: Interactive guide to the opinion polls"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 29 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729111322/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/8280050.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Poll+tracker%3A+Interactive+guide+to+the+opinion+polls&rft.date=2009-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F8280050.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928014025/http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/historical-polls/voting-intention-1987-1992">"UK Polling Report"</a>. UK Polling Report. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukpollingreport.co.uk/historical-polls/voting-intention-1987-1992">the original</a> on 28 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UK+Polling+Report&rft.pub=UK+Polling+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fukpollingreport.co.uk%2Fhistorical-polls%2Fvoting-intention-1987-1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/kinnock-challenges-tories-to-call-election-1.548889">"Ballet star shows off charity portraits"</a>. 13 December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ballet+star+shows+off+charity+portraits&rft.date=2000-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fsport%2Fspl%2Faberdeen%2Fkinnock-challenges-tories-to-call-election-1.548889&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2021">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony2001" class="citation book cs1">Anthony, Seldon (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1107679067"><i>Major : a political life</i></a>. Royal National Institute for the Blind. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1107679067">1107679067</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240414123218/https://search.worldcat.org/title/1107679067">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Major+%3A+a+political+life&rft.pub=Royal+National+Institute+for+the+Blind&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1107679067&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=Seldon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1107679067&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393317.stm">"1992: Tories win again against odds"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 5 April 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422045259/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393317.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1992%3A+Tories+win+again+against+odds&rft.date=2005-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2F4393317.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC97-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC97_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC97_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/92keyiss.shtml">"Key Issues in the 1992 Campaign"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811121014/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/special/politics97/background/pastelec/92keyiss.shtml">Archived</a> 11 August 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, BBC News, Politics '97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParish" class="citation news cs1">Parish, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/199901010027">"It was tax what lost it for Labour"</a>. <i>New StatesmanAdate= 1 January 1999</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606022117/http://www.newstatesman.com/199901010027">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+StatesmanAdate%3D+1+January+1999&rft.atitle=It+was+tax+what+lost+it+for+Labour&rft.aulast=Parish&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2F199901010027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnard2009" class="citation news cs1">Barnard, Stephanie (27 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/sheffield/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8170000/8170344.stm">"Kinnock came and didn't conquer"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928084007/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/sheffield/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8170000/8170344.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kinnock+came+and+didn%27t+conquer&rft.date=2009-07-27&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fsheffield%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fhistory%2Fnewsid_8170000%2F8170344.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Compare Michael Leapman <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/rush-of-blood-was-kinnocks-downfall-1583723.html">"'Rush of blood' was Kinnock's downfall"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170728140751/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/rush-of-blood-was-kinnocks-downfall-1583723.html">Archived</a> 28 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>The Independent</i>, 26 November 1995 with Alyssa McDonald <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2010/05/labour-party-interview-win">"The NS Interview: Neil Kinnock"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100501171554/http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2010/05/labour-party-interview-win">Archived</a> 1 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>New Statesman</i>, 29 April 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SRichardspp157-158-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SRichardspp157-158_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2021" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Steve (2021). <i>The Prime Ministers We Never Had; Success and Failure from Butler to Corbyn</i>. London: Atlantic Books. pp. 157–158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83895-241-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-83895-241-9"><bdi>978-1-83895-241-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prime+Ministers+We+Never+Had%3B+Success+and+Failure+from+Butler+to+Corbyn&rft.place=London&rft.pages=157-158&rft.pub=Atlantic+Books&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-83895-241-9&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leveson-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leveson_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leveson_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowell2012" class="citation news cs1">Dowell, Ben (25 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/25/rupert-murdoch-sun-wot-won-it-tasteless?newsfeed=true">"Rupert Murdoch: 'Sun wot won it' headline was tasteless and wrong"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023104009/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/apr/25/rupert-murdoch-sun-wot-won-it-tasteless?newsfeed=true">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rupert+Murdoch%3A+%27Sun+wot+won+it%27+headline+was+tasteless+and+wrong&rft.date=2012-04-25&rft.aulast=Dowell&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2012%2Fapr%2F25%2Frupert-murdoch-sun-wot-won-it-tasteless%3Fnewsfeed%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/13/newsid_2830000/2830895.stm">"1992: Labour's Neil Kinnock resigns"</a>. <i>On This Day</i>. BBC News. 13 April 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307130725/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/13/newsid_2830000/2830895.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+This+Day&rft.atitle=1992%3A+Labour%27s+Neil+Kinnock+resigns&rft.date=1992-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F13%2Fnewsid_2830000%2F2830895.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101091434/http://www.scoopnest.com/user/TheMirrorStyle/595996020036784128">"Mirror Style Guide: Front page headline of the Mirror, 1987"</a>. <i>@TheMirrorStyle on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, via Snoopnest</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoopnest.com/user/TheMirrorStyle/595996020036784128">the original</a> on 1 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%40TheMirrorStyle+on+Twitter%2C+via+Snoopnest&rft.atitle=Mirror+Style+Guide%3A+Front+page+headline+of+the+Mirror%2C+1987&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoopnest.com%2Fuser%2FTheMirrorStyle%2F595996020036784128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/2010/04/20/general-election-2010-a-century-of-daily-mirror-front-pages-115875-22198683/">"General Election 2010 – A century of Daily Mirror front pages – Mirror Online"</a>. Mirror.co.uk. 20 April 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110214215802/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/politics/2010/04/20/general-election-2010-a-century-of-daily-mirror-front-pages-115875-22198683/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Election+2010+%E2%80%93+A+century+of+Daily+Mirror+front+pages+%E2%80%93+Mirror+Online&rft.pub=Mirror.co.uk&rft.date=2010-04-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2F04%2F20%2Fgeneral-election-2010-a-century-of-daily-mirror-front-pages-115875-22198683%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/8eb74e68-144e-11e0-a21b-00144feabdc0">"Knighthood for editor who transformed FT"</a></span>. <i>Financial Times</i>. 31 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/8eb74e68-144e-11e0-a21b-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Knighthood+for+editor+who+transformed+FT&rft.date=2010-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F8eb74e68-144e-11e0-a21b-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/13/newsid_2830000/2830895.stm">"1992: Labour's Neil Kinnock resigns"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 April 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307130725/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/13/newsid_2830000/2830895.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1992%3A+Labour%27s+Neil+Kinnock+resigns&rft.date=1992-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fapril%2F13%2Fnewsid_2830000%2F2830895.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2010" class="citation news cs1">Wheeler, Brian (29 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11434981">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"We've got our party back," says Lord Kinnock"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100930041359/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-11434981">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=%22We%27ve+got+our+party+back%2C%22+says+Lord+Kinnock&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-11434981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cominghome-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cominghome_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b017j1l1">"BBC One – Coming Home, Series 6, Neil Kinnock"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120209013523/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b017j1l1">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+One+%E2%80%93+Coming+Home%2C+Series+6%2C+Neil+Kinnock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb017j1l1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/conservatives-trounced-in-poll-1573413.html">"Conservatives trounced in poll"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. London. 17 February 1995. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/conservatives-trounced-in-poll-1573413.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Conservatives+trounced+in+poll&rft.date=1995-02-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fconservatives-trounced-in-poll-1573413.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/newsid_2515000/2515825.stm">"1994: Labour chooses Blair"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 21 July 1994. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204140526/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/21/newsid_2515000/2515825.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1994%3A+Labour+chooses+Blair&rft.date=1994-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjuly%2F21%2Fnewsid_2515000%2F2515825.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130927045158/http://www.ippr.org/staff-profiles/58/637/neil-kinnock">"Neil Kinnock > Policy Advisory Council"</a>. IPPR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ippr.org/staff-profiles/58/637/neil-kinnock">the original</a> on 27 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neil+Kinnock+%3E+Policy+Advisory+Council&rft.pub=IPPR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ippr.org%2Fstaff-profiles%2F58%2F637%2Fneil-kinnock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette57549" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/57549/page/1249">"No. 57549"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 2 February 2005. p. 1249.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+57549&rft.pages=1249&rft.date=2005-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F57549%2Fpage%2F1249&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldjournal/238/031.htm">House of Lords Journal 238 (Session 2004–05)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161026021456/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/ldjournal/238/031.htm">Archived</a> 26 October 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Monday, 31 January 2005; p. 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Notably when Kinnock appeared, as the guest presenter in an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Have_I_Got_News_for_You" title="Have I Got News for You">Have I Got News for You</a></i>, on <a href="/wiki/List_of_Have_I_Got_News_for_You_episodes#Series_28_(2004)" title="List of Have I Got News for You episodes">3 December 2004</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4223265.stm">"Baron Kinnock makes Lords debut"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 31 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060226052018/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4223265.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 February 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Baron+Kinnock+makes+Lords+debut&rft.date=2005-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F4223265.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuck" class="citation web cs1">Ruck, Julian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://labour-uncut.co.uk/2014/07/24/neil-kinnock-in-his-own-words-on-devolution-indyref-and-welsh-independence/">"Neil Kinnock in his own words: On devolution, #indyref and Welsh independence"</a>. <i>Labour Uncut</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220808044345/http://labour-uncut.co.uk/2014/07/24/neil-kinnock-in-his-own-words-on-devolution-indyref-and-welsh-independence/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>The Labour Party has been led by three self-avowed "public" atheists: Michael Foot, Neil Kinnock, and now Ed Miliband.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Should+we+keep+God+out+of+politics%3F&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.aulast=Crawley&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Flegacy%2Fni%2F2010%2F10%2Fshould_we_keep_god_out_of_poli.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atheist2-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-atheist2_78-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402123037/http://www.secularism.org.uk/ed-miliband-he-may-be-an-atheist.html">"Ed Miliband: he may be an atheist, but is he a secularist?"</a>. National Secular Society. 1 October 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secularism.org.uk/ed-miliband-he-may-be-an-atheist.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2015</span>. <q>Almost at once, the God-squad went into action. The Christian Institute's hysteria index rose to bursting point and the <i>Daily Mail</i> reminded Mr Miliband that other leaders of the Labour Party who professed atheism (Neil Kinnock and Michael Foot) never got to Number 10.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ed+Miliband%3A+he+may+be+an+atheist%2C+but+is+he+a+secularist%3F&rft.pub=National+Secular+Society&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secularism.org.uk%2Fed-miliband-he-may-be-an-atheist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/patrons/rt-hon-lord-kinnock-pc/">"The Rt. Hon. The Lord Kinnock PC"</a>. British Humanist Association. 22 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016020659/https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/patrons/rt-hon-lord-kinnock-pc/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rt.+Hon.+The+Lord+Kinnock+PC&rft.pub=British+Humanist+Association&rft.date=2013-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhumanism.org.uk%2Fabout%2Four-people%2Fpatrons%2Frt-hon-lord-kinnock-pc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Drower, George. <i>Neil Kinnock: The Path to Leadership</i>, <a href="/wiki/Weidenfeld_%26_Nicolson" title="Weidenfeld & Nicolson">Weidenfeld & Nicolson</a>, 1984 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kinnock0000drow/page/n3/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeffernanMarqusee1992" class="citation book cs1">Heffernan, Richard; <a href="/wiki/Mike_Marqusee" title="Mike Marqusee">Marqusee, Mike</a> (1992). <i>Defeat from the Jaws of Victory: Inside Neil Kinnock's Labour Party</i>. London and New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-860-91351-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-860-91351-1"><bdi>978-0-860-91351-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defeat+from+the+Jaws+of+Victory%3A+Inside+Neil+Kinnock%27s+Labour+Party&rft.place=London+and+New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-860-91351-1&rft.aulast=Heffernan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Marqusee%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kellner" title="Peter Kellner">Peter Kellner</a>, essay on Neil Kinnock in G. Rosen (ed.), <i>Dictionary of Labour Biography</i>, <a href="/wiki/Politicos_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicos Publishing">Politicos Publishing</a>, 2001; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-902301-18-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-902301-18-8">1-902301-18-8</a></li> <li>Morgan, Kenneth O. <i>Labour People: Leaders and Lieutenants, Hardie to Kinnock</i> (2011), pp. 333–341. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/labourpeoplelead0000unse/page/n7/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li>Rosen, Greg. <i>Old Labour to New</i>, <a href="/wiki/Politicos_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Politicos Publishing">Politicos Publishing</a>, 2005 (an account of the Labour Party before, during and after the Kinnock years); <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84275-045-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84275-045-3">1-84275-045-3</a></li> <li>Westlake, Martin, and Ian St. John, <i>Kinnock</i>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Brown">Little Brown</a> Book Group Limited, 2001; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-84871-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-84871-9">0-316-84871-9</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kinnockbiography0000west">online</a></li> <li>Wintour, Patrick, and Colin Hughes, <i>Labour Rebuilt</i>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a>, 1990 (an account of Kinnock's modernisation of the Labour Party)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Neil_Kinnock" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neil_Kinnock" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0455786/">Neil Kinnock</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp06498">Portraits of Neil Kinnock</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317258#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206144303/http://www.spectator.co.uk/the-magazine/features/26842/reid-should-not-stand-in-browns-way.thtml">Neil Kinnock on the Home Secretary's ambitions, and Cameron</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Hansard</a></i> 1803–2005: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-neil-kinnock">contributions in Parliament by Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2246136.stm">"Kinnock hits back in whistleblower row"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 9 September 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405022001/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2246136.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kinnock+hits+back+in+whistleblower+row&rft.date=2002-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2246136.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeil+Kinnock" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2010/05/labour-party-interview-win">Neil Kinnock-2010 Interview</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100501171554/http://www.newstatesman.com/uk-politics/2010/05/labour-party-interview-win">Archived</a> 1 May 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/minutes/050131/ldminute.htm">Announcement of his introduction at the House of Lords</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105432/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200405/minutes/050131/ldminute.htm">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 31 January 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?10212">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1673">The Papers of Neil Kinnock</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018143332/https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1673">Archived</a> 18 October 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> held at <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Archives_Centre" title="Churchill Archives Centre">Churchill Archives Centre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Neil+Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Finch" title="Harold Finch">Harold Finch</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Bedwellty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedwellty (UK Parliament constituency)">Bedwellty</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a>–<a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;"><b>Constituency abolished </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New constituency</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a><br />for <a href="/wiki/Islwyn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islwyn (UK Parliament constituency)">Islwyn</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1983_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1983 United Kingdom general election">1983</a>–<a href="/wiki/1995_Islwyn_by-election" title="1995 Islwyn by-election">1995</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Don_Touhig" title="Don Touhig">Don Touhig</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Carlisle" title="Mark Carlisle">Mark Carlisle</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Shadow_Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science">Shadow Secretary of State for Education and Science</a> </b><br />1979–1983 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Giles_Radice" title="Giles Radice">Giles Radice</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </b><br />1983–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Millan" title="Bruce Millan">Bruce Millan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/British_European_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="British European Commissioner">British European Commissioner</a> </b><br />1995–2004 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Chris Patten</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Peter Mandelson</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Karel_Van_Miert" title="Karel Van Miert">Karel Van Miert</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for Transport, <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Internal_Market_and_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services">Credit, Investment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Health_and_Consumer_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="European Commissioner for Health and Consumer Policy">Consumer Protection</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Transport" title="European Commissioner for Transport">European Commissioner for Transport</a> </b><br />1995–1999 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Loyola_de_Palacio" title="Loyola de Palacio">Loyola de Palacio</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commission_portfolios#Inter-Institutional_Relations_and_Administration" title="List of European Commission portfolios">Parliamentary Relations</a>, Transport and <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Energy" title="European Commissioner for Energy">Energy</a> </b></i> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Erkki_Liikanen" title="Erkki Liikanen">Erkki Liikanen</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for <a href="/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Budget_and_Administration" title="European Commissioner for Budget and Administration">Budget</a>, Personnel and Administration </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commission_portfolios#Inter-Institutional_Relations_and_Administration" title="List of European Commission portfolios">European Commissioner for Administrative Reform</a> </b><br />1999–2004 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Siim Kallas</a></div><i><b>as European Commissioner for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud </b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Leader of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1983–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Syd_Tierney" title="Syd Tierney">Syd Tierney</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">Chair of the Labour Party</a> </b><br />1987–1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Skinner" title="Dennis Skinner">Dennis Skinner</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Patten_of_Barnes" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Patten of Barnes">The Lord Patten of Barnes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Gentlemen</a></b><br /><i>Baron Kinnock</i> <b> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Followed by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_Stevens_of_Kirkwhelpington" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lord Stevens of Kirkwhelpington">The Lord Stevens of Kirkwhelpington</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style 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href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">George Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">William Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown, Baron George-Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Template talk:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_UK" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Leaders of the Opposition UK"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Leaders_of_the_Opposition_of_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition of the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_James_Fox" title="Charles James Fox">Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Howick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ponsonby" title="George Ponsonby">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Tierney" title="George Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_3rd_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 3rd Earl Spencer">Althorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Peel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_George_Bentinck" title="Lord George Bentinck">Bentinck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manners,_6th_Duke_of_Rutland" title="Charles Manners, 6th Duke of Rutland">Granby</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Charles_Herries" title="John Charles Herries">Herries</a>/<a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_John_Temple,_3rd_Viscount_Palmerston" title="Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston">Palmerston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish,_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire" title="Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire">Hartington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stafford_Northcote,_1st_Earl_of_Iddesleigh" title="Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hicks_Beach,_1st_Earl_St_Aldwyn" title="Michael Hicks Beach, 1st Earl St Aldwyn">Hicks Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harcourt_(politician)" title="William Harcourt (politician)">Harcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Campbell-Bannerman" title="Henry Campbell-Bannerman">Campbell-Bannerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Balfour" title="Arthur Balfour">Balfour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Law</a></li> <li>Vacant</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Maclean_(British_politician)" title="Donald Maclean (British politician)">Maclean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._H._Asquith" title="H. H. Asquith">Asquith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Douglas-Home" title="Alec Douglas-Home">Douglas-Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Heath" title="Edward Heath">Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Thatcher" title="Margaret Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Major" title="John Major">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">Hague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Duncan_Smith" title="Iain Duncan Smith">Duncan Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Howard" title="Michael Howard">Howard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishi_Sunak" title="Rishi Sunak">Sunak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemi_Badenoch" title="Kemi Badenoch">Badenoch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Grenville,_1st_Baron_Grenville" title="William Grenville, 1st Baron Grenville">Grenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grey,_2nd_Earl_Grey" title="Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey">Grey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_1st_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington">Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lamb,_2nd_Viscount_Melbourne" title="William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_3rd_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Marquess of Lansdowne">3rd Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby (Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Smith-Stanley,_14th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell,_1st_Earl_Russell" title="John Russell, 1st Earl Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harris,_3rd_Earl_of_Malmesbury" title="James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury">Malmesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Cairns,_1st_Earl_Cairns" title="Hugh Cairns, 1st Earl Cairns">Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gordon-Lennox,_6th_Duke_of_Richmond" title="Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond">Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Disraeli" title="Benjamin Disraeli">Beaconsfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granville_Leveson-Gower,_2nd_Earl_Granville" title="Granville Leveson-Gower, 2nd Earl Granville">Granville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_3rd_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury">3rd Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Primrose,_5th_Earl_of_Rosebery" title="Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery">Rosebery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wodehouse,_1st_Earl_of_Kimberley" title="John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Spencer,_5th_Earl_Spencer" title="John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Robinson,_1st_Marquess_of_Ripon" title="George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon">Ripon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice,_5th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne" title="Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne">5th Marquess of Lansdowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crewe-Milnes,_1st_Marquess_of_Crewe" title="Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe">Crewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Curzon,_1st_Marquess_Curzon_of_Kedleston" title="George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston">Curzon of Kedleston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Gascoyne-Cecil,_4th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury">4th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hogg,_1st_Viscount_Hailsham" title="Douglas Hogg, 1st Viscount Hailsham">Hailsham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Parmoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby of Shulbrede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_5th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury">5th Marquess of Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander of Hillsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington,_6th_Baron_Carrington" title="Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington">Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Cledwyn of Penrhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Cranborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Galbraith,_2nd_Baron_Strathclyde" title="Thomas Galbraith, 2nd Baron Strathclyde">Strathclyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall of Blaisdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_True,_Baron_True" title="Nicholas True, Baron True">True</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Commissioners_for_Transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Bodson" title="Victor Bodson">Bodson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Copp%C3%A9" title="Albert Coppé">Coppé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Scarascia-Mugnozza" title="Carlo Scarascia-Mugnozza">Scarascia-Mugnozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burke_(Irish_politician)" title="Richard Burke (Irish politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgos_Kontogeorgis" title="Giorgos Kontogeorgis">Kontogeorgis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clinton-Davis,_Baron_Clinton-Davis" title="Stanley Clinton-Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis">Clinton-Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Van_Miert" title="Karel Van Miert">Van Miert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_Matutes" title="Abel Matutes">Matutes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Oreja,_1st_Marquis_of_Oreja" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcelino Oreja, 1st Marquis of Oreja">Oreja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyola_de_Palacio" title="Loyola de Palacio">de Placio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Barrot" title="Jacques Barrot">Barrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tajani" title="Antonio Tajani">Tajani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Kallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violeta_Bulc" title="Violeta Bulc">Bulc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adina-Ioana_V%C4%83lean" title="Adina-Ioana Vălean">Vălean</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Commissioner_for_Administrative_Affairs" title="Template:European Commissioner for Administrative Affairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Commissioner_for_Administrative_Affairs" title="Template talk:European Commissioner for Administrative Affairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Commissioner_for_Administrative_Affairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Commissioner for Administrative Affairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Commissioners_for_Administrative_Affairs,_Audit_and_Anti-Fraud" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Commission_portfolios#Administrative_Affairs,_Audit_and_Anti-Fraud" title="List of European Commission portfolios">European Commissioners for Administrative Affairs, Audit and Anti-Fraud</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Kennedy" title="Michael O'Kennedy">O'Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burke_(Irish_politician)" title="Richard Burke (Irish politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henning_Christophersen" title="Henning Christophersen">Christophersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Schmidhuber" title="Peter Schmidhuber">Schmidhuber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erkki_Liikanen" title="Erkki Liikanen">Liikanen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siim_Kallas" title="Siim Kallas">Kallas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tugendhat,_Baron_Tugendhat" title="Christopher Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat">Tugendhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Clinton-Davis,_Baron_Clinton-Davis" title="Stanley Clinton-Davis, Baron Clinton-Davis">Clinton-Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cockfield,_Baron_Cockfield" title="Arthur Cockfield, Baron Cockfield">Cockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Brittan" title="Leon Brittan">Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Millan" title="Bruce Millan">Millan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Patten" title="Chris Patten">Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Mandelson" title="Peter Mandelson">Mandelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hill,_Baron_Hill_of_Oareford" title="Jonathan Hill, Baron Hill of Oareford">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_King_(diplomat)" title="Julian King (diplomat)">King</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/75px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/113px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/150px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Labour_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Template talk:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Labour Party (UK)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Labour_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Labour Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">History of the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Electoral history of the Labour Party (UK)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Labour_Party_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Labour Party (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_socialist_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom">History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party">European Parliamentary Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour_Party_(1888)" title="Scottish Labour Party (1888)">Scottish Labour Party (1888)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Labour_Party" title="Independent Labour Party">Independent Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(1900)" title="Labour Representation Committee (1900)">Labour Representation Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladstone%E2%80%93MacDonald_pact" title="Gladstone–MacDonald pact">Gladstone–MacDonald pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Organisation" title="National Labour Organisation">National Labour Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Independent_Group" title="Labour Independent Group">Labour Independent Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Democratic_Socialism" title="Campaign for Democratic Socialism">Campaign for Democratic Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)#Creation_of_the_SDP" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Formation of SDP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_tendency" title="Militant tendency">Militant tendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_longest_suicide_note_in_history" title="The longest suicide note in history">The longest suicide note in history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Labour" title="New Labour">New Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">Tony's Cronies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Nation_Labour" title="One Nation Labour">One Nation Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakrabarti_Inquiry" title="Chakrabarti Inquiry">Chakrabarti Inquiry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Leadership" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Starmer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Deputy Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Graham_(Edinburgh_MP)" title="William Graham (Edinburgh MP)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">General Secretaries</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Middleton_(political_organiser)" title="James Middleton (political organiser)">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Phillips" title="Morgan Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Williams_(politician)" title="Leonard Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Barker" title="Sara Barker">Barker</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Hayward" title="Ron Hayward">Hayward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mortimer" title="Jim Mortimer">Mortimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Whitty,_Baron_Whitty" title="Larry Whitty, Baron Whitty">Whitty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Sawyer,_Baron_Sawyer" title="Tom Sawyer, Baron Sawyer">Sawyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McDonagh,_Baroness_McDonagh" title="Margaret McDonagh, Baroness McDonagh">McDonagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Triesman,_Baron_Triesman" title="David Triesman, Baron Triesman">Triesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Carter_(politician)" title="Matt Carter (politician)">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Watt" title="Peter Watt">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Collins,_Baron_Collins_of_Highbury" title="Ray Collins, Baron Collins of Highbury">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_McNicol" title="Iain McNicol">McNicol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennie_Formby" title="Jennie Formby">Formby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Evans_(political_official)" title="David Evans (political official)">Evans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Treasurers</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lathan" title="George Lathan">Lathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Nicholas" title="Harry Nicholas">Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Davies_(trade_unionist)" title="Dai Davies (trade unionist)">Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Atkinson" title="Norman Atkinson">Atkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Varley" title="Eric Varley">Varley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Booth" title="Albert Booth">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_McCluskie" title="Sam McCluskie">McCluskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlison" title="Tom Burlison">Burlison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Prosser,_Baroness_Prosser" title="Margaret Prosser, Baroness Prosser">Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Elsby" title="Jimmy Elsby">Elsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dromey" title="Jack Dromey">Dromey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Holland" title="Diana Holland">Holland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Labour Party in the House of Lords"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Leaders in the Lords</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Haldane,_1st_Viscount_Haldane" title="Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane">Haldane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cripps,_1st_Baron_Parmoor" title="Charles Cripps, 1st Baron Parmoor">Cripps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ponsonby,_1st_Baron_Ponsonby_of_Shulbrede" title="Arthur Ponsonby, 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede">Ponsonby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Snell,_1st_Baron_Snell" title="Harry Snell, 1st Baron Snell">Snell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Addison,_1st_Viscount_Addison" title="Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison">Addison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jowitt,_1st_Earl_Jowitt" title="William Jowitt, 1st Earl Jowitt">Jowitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._V._Alexander,_1st_Earl_Alexander_of_Hillsborough" title="A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Pakenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Shackleton,_Baron_Shackleton" title="Edward Shackleton, Baron Shackleton">Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Peart,_Baron_Peart" title="Fred Peart, Baron Peart">Peart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor_Richard" title="Ivor Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gareth_Williams,_Baron_Williams_of_Mostyn" title="Gareth Williams, Baron Williams of Mostyn">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Amos,_Baroness_Amos" title="Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ashton" title="Catherine Ashton">Ashton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Royall,_Baroness_Royall_of_Blaisdon" title="Janet Royall, Baroness Royall of Blaisdon">Royall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Smith,_Baroness_Smith_of_Basildon" title="Angela Smith, Baroness Smith of Basildon">Smith of Basildon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Scottish Labour Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Dewar" title="Donald Dewar">Dewar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_McLeish" title="Henry McLeish">McLeish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McConnell" title="Jack McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_Alexander" title="Wendy Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Jamieson" title="Cathy Jamieson">Jamieson</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Lamont" title="Johann Lamont">Lamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Murphy" title="Jim Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iain_Gray" title="Iain Gray">Gray</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kezia_Dugdale" title="Kezia Dugdale">Dugdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Rowley" title="Alex Rowley">Rowley</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leonard" title="Richard Leonard">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Baillie" title="Jackie Baillie">Baillie</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anas_Sarwar" title="Anas Sarwar">Sarwar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">PLP Chairs</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barnes_(British_politician)" title="George Barnes (British politician)">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hodge_(politician)" title="John Hodge (politician)">Hodge</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wardle" title="George Wardle">Wardle</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Adamson" title="William Adamson">Adamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">Clynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Lees-Smith" title="Hastings Lees-Smith">Lees-Smith</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Pethick-Lawrence,_1st_Baron_Pethick-Lawrence" title="Frederick Pethick-Lawrence, 1st Baron Pethick-Lawrence">Pethick-Lawrence</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Greenwood" title="Arthur Greenwood">Greenwood</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Houghton,_Baron_Houghton_of_Sowerby" title="Douglas Houghton, Baron Houghton of Sowerby">Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Mikardo" title="Ian Mikardo">Mikardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cledwyn_Hughes,_Baron_Cledwyn_of_Penrhos" title="Cledwyn Hughes, Baron Cledwyn of Penrhos">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Willey" title="Fred Willey">Willey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dormand" title="Jack Dormand">Dormand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Orme" title="Stan Orme">Orme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Hoyle" title="Doug Hoyle">Hoyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Soley" title="Clive Soley">Soley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Corston,_Baroness_Corston" title="Jean Corston, Baroness Corston">Corston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Clwyd" title="Ann Clwyd">Clwyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lloyd" title="Tony Lloyd">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Watts,_Baron_Watts" title="David Watts, Baron Watts">Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cryer" title="John Cryer">Cryer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Morden" title="Jessica Morden">Morden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="European Parliamentary Labour Party"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">EPLP Leaders</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Stewart,_Baron_Stewart_of_Fulham" title="Michael Stewart, Baron Stewart of Fulham">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Castle" title="Barbara Castle">Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Lomas" title="Alf Lomas">Lomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Martin_(Scottish_politician)" title="David Martin (Scottish politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Seal_(politician)" title="Barry Seal (politician)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glyn_Ford" title="Glyn Ford">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Green" title="Pauline Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_David" title="Wayne David">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Donnelly" title="Alan Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Murphy_(British_politician)" title="Simon Murphy (British politician)">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Titley" title="Gary Titley">Titley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenis_Willmott" title="Glenis Willmott">Willmott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Corbett" title="Richard Corbett">Corbett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div>* = wartime, in opposition <br /> ^ Interim/Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Internal_elections_and_selections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Internal elections and selections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1922 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">Ramsay MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1931 Labour Party leadership election">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Henderson" title="Arthur Henderson">Arthur Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1932 Labour Party leadership election">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Lansbury" title="George Lansbury">George Lansbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1935 Labour Party leadership election">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Clement Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1955 Labour Party leadership election">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Hugh Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party leadership election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1963 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">James Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1980 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Kinnock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(Labour_Party_leader)" title="John Smith (Labour Party leader)">John Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2007 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Keir_Starmer" title="Keir Starmer">Keir Starmer</a></li></ul> <hr /> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Deputy Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1952 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Morrison" title="Herbert Morrison">Herbert Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1953 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1956 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/Jim_Griffiths" title="Jim Griffiths">Jim Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1959 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1959</a> <a href="/wiki/Aneurin_Bevan" title="Aneurin Bevan">Aneurin Bevan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1960 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Brown,_Baron_George-Brown" title="George Brown, Baron George-Brown">George Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1961 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1962 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1970 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1971 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1972 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Short,_Baron_Glenamara" title="Edward Short, Baron Glenamara">Edward Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1976 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot">Michael Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1980 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Denis_Healey" title="Denis Healey">Denis Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1981 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1988 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1992 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1994 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1994</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Prescott" title="John Prescott">John Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Harman" title="Harriet Harman">Harriet Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2015 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Watson,_Baron_Watson_of_Wyre_Forest" title="Tom Watson, Baron Watson of Wyre Forest">Tom Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Rayner" title="Angela Rayner">Angela Rayner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;;line-height:1.1em;">Shadow Cabinet elections and reshuffles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=September_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="September 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Sep 1931 (Henderson)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=November_1931_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="November 1931 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">Nov 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1932_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1932 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1932 (Lansbury)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1933_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1933 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1934_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1934 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1935_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1935 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1935 (Attlee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1936_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1936 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1937_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1937 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1938_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1938 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1939_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1939 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election (page does not exist)">1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1951 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1952 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1953 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1954 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1955 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1956 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1956 (Gaitskell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1957 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1958 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1959 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1960 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1961 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1962 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1963 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1963 (Wilson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1970_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1970 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1971 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1972 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1973 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1979 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1979 (Callaghan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1980 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1980 (Foot)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1981 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1982 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1983 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1983 (Kinnock)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1984 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1985 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1986 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1987 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1988 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1989 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1990 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1991 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1992 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1992 (Smith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1993 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1994 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1994 (Blair)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1995 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="1996 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_Shadow_Cabinet_election" title="2010 Labour Party Shadow Cabinet election">2010 (Miliband)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_Kingdom_shadow_cabinet_resignations" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United Kingdom shadow cabinet resignations">June 2016 (Corbyn)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="May 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">May 2021 (Starmer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2021_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="November 2021 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">November 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_British_shadow_cabinet_reshuffle" title="2023 British shadow cabinet reshuffle">2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Constitution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clause_IV" title="Clause IV">Clause IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Labour_Party" title="General Secretary of the Labour Party">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasurer_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Treasurer of the Labour Party">Treasurer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Parliamentary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Labour_Party" title="Parliamentary Labour Party">Parliamentary Labour Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Labour_Party" title="Chief Whip of the Labour Party">Chief Whip of the Labour Party</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Conference" title="Labour Party Conference">Labour Party Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Subnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Labour" title="Scottish Labour">Scottish Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Labour" title="Welsh Labour">Welsh Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Labour Party in Northern Ireland">Labour Party in Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Directly elected city mayoral authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Labour" title="London Labour">London Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">CLPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constituency_Labour_Party" title="Constituency Labour Party">Constituency Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Forum" title="National Policy Forum">National Policy Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_affiliated_trade_union" title="Labour Party (UK) affiliated trade union">Affiliated trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_Union_and_Labour_Party_Liaison_Organisation" title="Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation">Trade Union and Labour Party Liaison Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour and Co-operative">Labour Co-operative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Co-operative_Party" title="Co-operative Party">Co-operative Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_%E2%80%93_Federation_of_Labour_Groups" title="Labour – Federation of Labour Groups">Labour – Federation of Labour Groups</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Associated_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Associated organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">List</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_organisations_associated_with_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="List of organisations associated with the Labour Party (UK)">Organisations associated with the Labour Party</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Sectional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Labour_(UK)" title="Young Labour (UK)">Young Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_International" title="Labour International">Labour International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Labour" title="LGBT+ Labour">LGBT+ Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Trans_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Campaign for Trans Rights">Labour Campaign for Trans Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Students" title="Labour Students">Labour Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAME_Labour" title="BAME Labour">BAME Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Labour" title="Disability Labour">Disability Labour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Factional groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Labour" title="Blue Labour">Blue Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Labour_Party_Democracy" title="Campaign for Labour Party Democracy">Campaign for Labour Party Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christians_on_the_Left" title="Christians on the Left">Christians on the Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_(think_tank)" title="Compass (think tank)">Compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Fabians" title="Young Fabians">Young Fabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Britain_Group" title="Future Britain Group">Future Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-Left_Grassroots_Alliance" title="Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance">Centre-Left Grassroots Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labour_Movement" title="Jewish Labour Movement">Jewish Labour Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Campaign_for_Electoral_Reform" title="Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform">Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_CND" title="Labour CND">Labour CND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Israel" title="Labour Friends of Israel">Labour Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Friends_of_Palestine_and_the_Middle_East" title="Labour Friends of Palestine and the Middle East">Labour Friends of Palestine & the Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Growth_Group" title="Labour Growth Group">Labour Growth Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_Irish_Society" title="Labour Party Irish Society">Labour Party Irish Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Representation_Committee_(2004)" title="Labour Representation Committee (2004)">Labour Representation Committee (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Women%27s_Network" title="Labour Women's Network">Labour Women's Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momentum_(organisation)" title="Momentum (organisation)">Momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Labour" title="Open Labour">Open Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Labour_and_Socialist_Clubs" title="National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs">National Union of Labour and Socialist Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Britain" title="Progressive Britain">Progressive Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Appeal_(UK,_1992)" title="Socialist Appeal (UK, 1992)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a> <small>Formerly Socialist Appeal</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Health_Association" title="Socialist Health Association">Socialist Health Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Educational_Association" title="Socialist Educational Association">Socialist Educational Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Environment_and_Resources_Association" title="Socialist Environment and Resources Association">Socialist Environment and Resources Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Campaign_Group" title="Socialist Campaign Group">Socialist Campaign Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">Socialist Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_society_(Labour_Party)" title="Socialist society (Labour Party)">Socialist societies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B; color:white; line-height:1.1em;">Media publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LabourList" title="LabourList">LabourList</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tribune_(magazine)" title="Tribune (magazine)">Tribune</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B;color:white;"><div id="Party_alliances" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Party alliances</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#E4003B;color:white;line-height:1.1em;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats" title="Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats">Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="Template:1983 Labour Party leadership election"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="Template talk:1983 Labour Party leadership election"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1983 Labour Party leadership election"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)"><span style="color:white;">1983 Labour Party leadership election</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#E4003B; color:white;"><div>Outgoing Leader: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Foot" title="Michael Foot"><span style="color:white;">Michael Foot</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Hattersley" title="Roy Hattersley">Roy Hattersley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Heffer" title="Eric Heffer">Eric Heffer</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Kinnock</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Shore" title="Peter Shore">Peter Shore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">See also <a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_deputy_leadership_election" title="1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election">1983 Labour Party deputy leadership election</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neil_Kinnock" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neil_Kinnock" title="Template:Neil Kinnock"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neil_Kinnock" title="Template talk:Neil Kinnock"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neil_Kinnock" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neil Kinnock"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neil_Kinnock" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neil Kinnock</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political career</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Leader of the Labour Party (UK)">Leader</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> (1983–1992) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Cabinet_of_Neil_Kinnock" title="Shadow Cabinet of Neil Kinnock">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedwellty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedwellty (UK Parliament constituency)">Member of Parliament for Bedwellty</a> (1970–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islwyn_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Islwyn (UK Parliament constituency)">Member of Parliament for Islwyn</a> (1983–1995)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="position: relative; top: 3px;"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock,_Member_of_the_EC_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/85px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/128px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Official_portrait_of_Neil_Kinnock%2C_Member_of_the_EC_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="721" data-file-height="961" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shadow Cabinet elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Labour_Party_(UK)_Shadow_Cabinet_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1980 Labour Party (UK) Shadow Cabinet election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Labour_Party_(UK)_Shadow_Cabinet_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Labour Party (UK) Shadow Cabinet election">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Labour_Party_(UK)_Shadow_Cabinet_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Labour Party (UK) Shadow Cabinet election">1982</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Party elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1983_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1983 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="1988 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">1988</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1987_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1987 United Kingdom general election">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glenys_Kinnock" title="Glenys Kinnock">Glenys Kinnock</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kinnock" title="Stephen Kinnock">Stephen Kinnock</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helle_Thorning-Schmidt" title="Helle Thorning-Schmidt">Helle Thorning-Schmidt</a> (daughter-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheffield_Rally" title="Sheffield Rally">Sheffield Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jennifer%27s_Ear" title="War of Jennifer's Ear">War of Jennifer's Ear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317258#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317258#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317258#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/108627769">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/146473/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmT6r48vW3QjWft4TvHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119343967">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84222024">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35927521">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0003392&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070964572">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90092341">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007429372105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Neil Kinnock"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/b60990b9-0f57-40db-bc64-17745313f25f">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1149338">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/7KVmS3EM">UK Parliament</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119343967.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/110678516">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6dh2pwd">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&oldid=1254218794">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neil_Kinnock&oldid=1254218794</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neil_Kinnock" title="Category:Neil Kinnock">Neil Kinnock</a></li><li><a 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Labour Party (UK)">Leaders of the Labour Party (UK)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Category:Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leaders of the Opposition (United Kingdom)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welsh_Labour_MPs" title="Category:Welsh Labour MPs">Welsh Labour MPs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_educated_at_Lewis_School,_Pengam" title="Category:People educated at Lewis School, Pengam">People educated at Lewis School, Pengam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Tredegar" title="Category:People from Tredegar">People from Tredegar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Secular_humanists" 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