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(Ketilsdóttir)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 12 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-12" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">12 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%8A%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Ауд Мъдрата – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ауд Мъдрата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_la_S%C3%A0via" title="Aud la Sàvia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aud la Sàvia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_die_Tiefsinnige" title="Aud die Tiefsinnige – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aud die Tiefsinnige" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_la_Sabia" title="Aud la Sabia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aud la Sabia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aude_la_Tr%C3%A8s-Sage" title="Aude la Très-Sage – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aude la Très-Sage" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9A%B0%EB%93%9C_%EB%93%80%ED%91%B8%EB%93%9C%EA%B0%80" title="아우드 듀푸드가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아우드 듀푸드가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au%C3%B0ur_dj%C3%BAp%C3%BA%C3%B0ga_Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir" title="Auður djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Auður djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_den_djuptenkte" title="Aud den djuptenkte – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Aud den djuptenkte" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Ауд Мудрая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ауд Мудрая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_the_Deep-Minded" title="Aud the Deep-Minded – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Aud the Deep-Minded" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_Dubokoumna" title="Aud Dubokoumna – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Aud Dubokoumna" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aud_Ketilsdatter" title="Aud Ketilsdatter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Aud Ketilsdatter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">9th-century Icelandic settler</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For an earlier and more legendary Aud the Deep-Minded, see <a href="/wiki/Au%C3%B0r_the_Deep-Minded_(%C3%8Dvarsd%C3%B3ttir)" title="Auðr the Deep-Minded (Ívarsdóttir)">Auðr the Deep-Minded (Ívarsdóttir)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Aud_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Aud (disambiguation)">Aud (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p><b>Aud the Deep-Minded</b> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a>: <span title="Old Norse-language text"><i lang="non">Auðr djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="non-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈɔuðz̠<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈdjuːpˌuːðɣɑ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈketelsˌdoːtːez̠]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Modern_Icelandic" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Icelandic">Modern Icelandic</a>: <span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is">Auður djúpúðga Ketilsdóttir</i></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="is-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">[ˈœyːðʏr<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtjuːpˌuðɣa<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈcʰɛːtɪlsˌtouhtɪr̥]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">Aud den djuptenkte</i></span>), also known as Unn, Aud Ketilsdatter or Unnur Ketilsdottir, was a 9th-century settler during the age of <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">Settlement of Iceland</a>. The main source of information about her life in Iceland is <a href="/wiki/Sturla_%C3%9E%C3%B3r%C3%B0arson" title="Sturla Þórðarson">Sturla Þórðarson</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Landn%C3%A1mab%C3%B3k" title="Landnámabók">Landnámabók</a></i>; <i><a href="/wiki/Laxd%C3%A6la_saga" title="Laxdæla saga">Laxdæla saga</a></i>, which calls her Unn, gives a varying account but has more on her background, and she also figures in several other sagas, including <i><a href="/wiki/Nj%C3%A1ls_saga" title="Njáls saga">Njáls saga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eyrbyggja_saga" title="Eyrbyggja saga">Eyrbyggja saga</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eir%C3%ADks_saga_rau%C3%B0a" class="mw-redirect" title="Eiríks saga rauða">Eiríks saga rauða</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Grettis_saga" title="Grettis saga">Grettis saga</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aud was the second daughter of <a href="/wiki/Ketill_Flatnose" title="Ketill Flatnose">Ketill Flatnose</a>, a Norwegian <a href="/wiki/Hersir" title="Hersir">hersir</a>, and Yngvid Ketilsdóttir, daughter of Ketill Wether, a hersir from <a href="/wiki/Ringerike_(traditional_district)" title="Ringerike (traditional district)">Ringerike</a>. She married <a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a> (<i>Oleif</i>), son of King Ingjald, who had named himself <a href="/wiki/King_of_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Dublin">King of Dublin</a> after going on voyages to <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and then conquering the shire of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>. They had a son named <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a>. After Oleif was killed in battle in Ireland, Aud and Thorstein journeyed to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrides" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a>. Thorstein married there and had six daughters and one son. He also became a great warrior king, conquering in northern Scotland; however, he was killed in battle after being betrayed by his people.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg/220px-Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg/330px-Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg/440px-Hvammur_Skeggi_Valley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Hvammur í Dölum</figcaption></figure> <p>Upon learning of the death of Thorstein, Aud, who was then at <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a>, commissioned the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Knarr" title="Knarr">knarr</a>, a type of ship used in the Viking Age for Atlantic voyages. For unknown reasons, she had it built secretly in the forest. With several surviving kin aboard, she captained the ship to <a href="/wiki/Orkney" title="Orkney">Orkney</a>, where she married off one of her granddaughters, Gróa, then to the <a href="/wiki/Faroes" class="mw-redirect" title="Faroes">Faroes</a>, where she married off another granddaughter, Ólöf, and she then finally to the area of <a href="/wiki/Brei%C3%B0afj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur" title="Breiðafjörður">Breiðafjörður</a> in Iceland, where her brother Björn lived. She brought her grandson, <a href="/wiki/Olaf_Feilan" title="Olaf Feilan">Olaf Feilan</a>, with her to Iceland.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship had a crew of twenty men under her command and also carried <a href="/wiki/Thrall" title="Thrall">thralls</a>, men who had been taken prisoner in Viking raids near and around the British Isles. When Aud arrived in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Region_(Iceland)" title="Western Region (Iceland)">western region of Iceland</a>, she claimed all the land in <a href="/wiki/Dalas%C3%BDsla" title="Dalasýsla">Dalasýsla</a> between the rivers Dögurðará and Skraumuhlaupsá for her family, and gave the thralls their freedom (making them <a href="/wiki/Leysingi" title="Leysingi">freedmen</a>, with a status between slave and free). She gave both the crewmen and the freedmen land to farm and make a living. One of the freedmen, Vifil, was given Vifilsdal, part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hvammur_%C3%AD_D%C3%B6lum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hvammur í Dölum (page does not exist)">Hvammur í Dölum</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvammur_(Dalas%C3%BDsla)" class="extiw" title="is:Hvammur (Dalasýsla)">is</a>]</span>, the area in which Aud settled.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Krossholar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krossholar.jpg/220px-Krossholar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krossholar.jpg/330px-Krossholar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Krossholar.jpg/440px-Krossholar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Cross in memory of Aud at Krosshólar</figcaption></figure> <p>Unlike most early Icelandic settlers, Aud was a baptized <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>. She erected crosses in a hilly area where she often went to pray, which became known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krossh%C3%B3lar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krosshólar (page does not exist)">Krosshólar</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krossh%C3%B3laborg" class="extiw" title="is:Krosshólaborg">is</a>]</span> ('cross hills').<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krosshólaborg_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krosshólaborg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Landnámabók</i>, which calls her Aud the Deeply Wealthy (<i>Auðr in djúpauðga</i>), she died on the third night of a feast which she hosted as a farewell and which she asked those present to continue for three more nights as her wake, and she was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidal zone">tidal zone</a> because there was no consecrated cemetery in which to bury her.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Laxdæla saga</i>, however, calls her Unn the Deep-Minded (<i>Unnr in djúpúðga</i>) and depicts her as a <a href="/wiki/Norse_paganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse paganism">heathen</a> woman renowned for her wisdom; according to its account, she died during the wedding feast for her grandson and was given a <a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">ship burial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mother_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aud had unusual power and authority for a woman, and successfully saved herself, her grandchildren and considerable wealth from a catastrophic situation,<sup id="cite_ref-Jochens_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jochens-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although examination of various accounts of warrior rulers named Olaf suggests that Olaf the White may not have been killed in Ireland, but returned to Norway in 871 to regain control of his father's kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her story also demonstrates that Iceland was not settled only by Norwegians of noble birth, but also by people from Scotland and the northern isles, including vikings. The <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Iceland" title="National Museum of Iceland">National Museum of Iceland</a> contains a collection of somewhat debased <a href="/wiki/Celtic_brooch" title="Celtic brooch">penannular brooches</a> and pins of undoubted Celtic provenance from the ninth and tenth centuries which would fit well in the context of the Hebridean <a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gael" class="mw-redirect" title="Norse–Gael">Norse–Gael</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many prominent Icelanders of the Middle Ages were descended from Aud through her grandson and several granddaughters, in particular the <a href="/wiki/Sturlungar_family_clan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sturlungar family clan">Sturlungs</a>, whose family estate was at her former residence of Hvammur.<sup id="cite_ref-mother_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 18th and 19th centuries, she became known as a national foremother; in the 18th century she was praised in works based on <i>Laxdæla saga</i> such as Tyrfingur Finnsson's poem "Laxdælakappakvæði", and in 1828, Jón Jónsson <i>langur</i> recorded a prayer ascribed to her.<sup id="cite_ref-Afterlives_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afterlives-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 8, 1965, a cross was erected at Krosshólaborg as a monument to her, inscribed with a passage from <i>Landnámabók</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Krosshólaborg_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krosshólaborg-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mother_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mother-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aud is the main character in a trilogy of novels by Icelandic author <a href="/wiki/Vilborg_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0sd%C3%B3ttir" title="Vilborg Davíðsdóttir">Vilborg Davíðsdóttir</a>: <i>Auður</i> (2009), <i>Vígroði</i> (2010), and <i>Blóðug jörð</i> (2017).<sup id="cite_ref-Afterlives_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Afterlives-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A loosely-based Aud, also daughter of Ketill Flatnose and involved with the <a href="/wiki/Settlement_of_Iceland" title="Settlement of Iceland">settlement of Iceland</a>, is portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Leah_McNamara" title="Leah McNamara">Leah McNamara</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Vikings_(season_5)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikings (season 5)">5th season</a> of the historical drama television series <i><a href="/wiki/Vikings_(2013_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vikings (2013 TV series)">Vikings</a></i> (2013).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Landnámabók</i> (<i>Sturlubók</i>), ch. 11, 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Laxdæla saga</i>, ch. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Landnámabók</i> (<i>Sturlubók</i>), ch. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Laxdæla saga</i>, ch. 4–6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Landnámabók</i> (<i>Sturlubók</i>), ch. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181312/http://leif.is/default.asp?sid_id=807&tId=1&Tre_Rod=010%7C003%7C&qsr">"<i>Auður the Deep-minded</i> (The Settlement of Dalasýsla) Eiríksstaðir Haukadal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leif.is/default.asp?sid_id=807&tId=1&Tre_Rod=010%7C003%7C&qsr">the original</a> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Au%C3%B0ur+the+Deep-minded+%28The+Settlement+of+Dalas%C3%BDsla%29+Eir%C3%ADkssta%C3%B0ir+Haukadal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleif.is%2Fdefault.asp%3Fsid_id%3D807%26tId%3D1%26Tre_Rod%3D010%257C003%257C%26qsr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Landnámabók</i> (<i>Sturlubók</i>), ch. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krosshólaborg-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Krosshólaborg_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Krosshólaborg_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120321085256/http://leif.is/default.asp?sid_id=42191&tId=1&Tre_Rod=010%7C007%7C&qsr">"<i>Krosshólaborg</i> (Dalabyggd) Eiríksstaðir Haukadal"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://leif.is/default.asp?sid_id=42191&tId=1&Tre_Rod=010%7C007%7C&qsr">the original</a> on 2012-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Krossh%C3%B3laborg+%28Dalabyggd%29+Eir%C3%ADkssta%C3%B0ir+Haukadal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fleif.is%2Fdefault.asp%3Fsid_id%3D42191%26tId%3D1%26Tre_Rod%3D010%257C007%257C%26qsr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Landnámabók</i> (<i>Sturlubók</i>), ch. 40.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Laxdæla saga</i> ch. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mother-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mother_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mother_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mother_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanherpen2017" class="citation journal cs1">Vanherpen, Sofie (2017). "In Search of a Founding Mother: The Case of Auðr <i>djúpauðga</i> in <i>Sturlubók</i>". <i>Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik</i>. <b>77</b> (<span class="nowrap">3–</span>4): <span class="nowrap">559–</span>83. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F18756719-12340092">10.1163/18756719-12340092</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Amsterdamer+Beitr%C3%A4ge+zur+%C3%A4lteren+Germanistik&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+a+Founding+Mother%3A+The+Case+of+Au%C3%B0r+dj%C3%BApau%C3%B0ga+in+Sturlub%C3%B3k&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E559-%3C%2Fspan%3E83&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F18756719-12340092&rft.aulast=Vanherpen&rft.aufirst=Sofie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jochens-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jochens_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJochens1995" class="citation book cs1">Jochens, Jenny (1995). <i>Women in Old Norse Society</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0801485206" title="Special:BookSources/978-0801485206"><bdi>978-0801485206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Old+Norse+Society&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0801485206&rft.aulast=Jochens&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmyth2010" class="citation book cs1">Smyth, Alfred P. (2010) [1984]. <i>Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000</i>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">158–</span>61.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warlords+and+Holy+Men%3A+Scotland+AD+80%E2%80%931000&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E158-%3C%2Fspan%3E61&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=Alfred+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smyth, pp. 163, 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Afterlives-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Afterlives_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Afterlives_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVanherpen2020" class="citation journal cs1">Vanherpen, Sofie (2020). "The Afterlives of an Icelandic 'Foremother of Us All': Auðr <i>djúpauðga</i> and the Making of Cultural Memory". <i>Scandinavian-Canadian Studies / Études scandinaves au Canada</i>. <b>28</b>: <span class="nowrap">231–</span>59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian-Canadian+Studies+%2F+%C3%89tudes+scandinaves+au+Canada&rft.atitle=The+Afterlives+of+an+Icelandic+%27Foremother+of+Us+All%27%3A+Au%C3%B0r+dj%C3%BApau%C3%B0ga+and+the+Making+of+Cultural+Memory&rft.volume=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E231-%3C%2Fspan%3E59&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Vanherpen&rft.aufirst=Sofie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.davidsdottir.is/baeligkur.html">"Bækur"</a>. <i>Vilborg Davíðsdóttir rithöfundur</i> (in Icelandic)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vilborg+Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0sd%C3%B3ttir+rith%C3%B6fundur&rft.atitle=B%C3%A6kur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidsdottir.is%2Fbaeligkur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoughtonRobinson2021" class="citation web cs1">Houghton, Rianne; Robinson, Abby (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitalspy.com/tv/ustv/a36392712/vikings-season-5-aud-death-leah-mcnamara/">"Vikings star explains why character's fate "made a lot of sense"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Digital Spy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital+Spy&rft.atitle=Vikings+star+explains+why+character%27s+fate+%22made+a+lot+of+sense%22&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Houghton&rft.aufirst=Rianne&rft.au=Robinson%2C+Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.com%2Ftv%2Fustv%2Fa36392712%2Fvikings-season-5-aud-death-leah-mcnamara%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAud+the+Deep-Minded+%28Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_sources">Other sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Crawford, Barbara (1987) <i>Scandinavian Scotland</i> (Leicester University Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0718512828" title="Special:BookSources/978-0718512828">978-0718512828</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwyn_Jones_(author)" title="Gwyn Jones (author)">Jones, Gwyn</a> (1984) <i>A History of the Vikings</i> (London: Oxford Univ. Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0192801340" title="Special:BookSources/978-0192801340">978-0192801340</a></li> <li>León, Vicki (1998) <i>Outrageous Women of the Middle Ages</i> (John Wiley & Sons) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-17004-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-17004-6">0-471-17004-6</a></li> <li>Sigurðsson, Gísli (2004) <i>The Medieval Icelandic Saga and Oral Tradition: A Discourse on Method</i> (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674014572" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674014572">978-0674014572</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naomi_Mitchison" title="Naomi Mitchison">Naomi Mitchison</a> (1955) <i>The Land the Ravens Found</i> (Collins) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/476331016">476331016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilborg_Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0sd%C3%B3ttir" title="Vilborg Davíðsdóttir">Vilborg Davíðsdóttir</a> (2009) <i>Auður</i> (Mál og menning) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9-97-9330950" title="Special:BookSources/978-9-97-9330950">978-9-97-9330950</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aud_the_Deep-Minded_(Ketilsd%C3%B3ttir)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://beta.reconesse.org/past/audur-ketilsdottir-830-900/">Audur Ketilsdóttir</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scandinavian_Scotland236" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Template talk:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scandinavian Scotland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scandinavian_Scotland236" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Scotland" title="Scandinavian Scotland">Scandinavian Scotland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles">List of kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Orkney" title="Earl of Orkney">Earls of Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crovan_dynasty" title="Crovan dynasty">Crovan dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_Argyll" title="Lord of Argyll">Lords of Argyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormaer_of_Caithness" title="Mormaer of Caithness">Mormaers of Caithness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable women</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aud the Deep-Minded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beth%C3%B3c,_Prioress_of_Iona" title="Bethóc, Prioress of Iona">Bethóc, Prioress of Iona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bja%C3%B0%C7%ABk" title="Bjaðǫk">Bjaðǫk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacht_ingen_Ragnaill" title="Cacht ingen Ragnaill">Cacht ingen Ragnaill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gormflaith_ingen_Murchada" class="mw-redirect" title="Gormflaith ingen Murchada">Gormflaith ingen Murchada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnhild,_Mother_of_Kings" title="Gunnhild, Mother of Kings">Gunnhild Gormsdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helga_Moddansd%C3%B3ttir" title="Helga Moddansdóttir">Helga Moddansdóttir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingeborg_of_Norway" title="Ingeborg of Norway">Ingeborg of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingibiorg_Finnsdottir" title="Ingibiorg Finnsdottir">Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Bruce" title="Isabel Bruce">Isabel Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1el_Muire_ingen_Amla%C3%ADb" title="Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb">Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret,_Maid_of_Norway" title="Margaret, Maid of Norway">Margaret, Maid of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Scotland,_Queen_of_Norway" title="Margaret of Scotland, Queen of Norway">Margaret, Queen of Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Denmark,_Queen_of_Scotland" title="Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland">Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhild_Eriksdotter" title="Ragnhild Eriksdotter">Ragnhild Eriksdotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnhildis_Olafsdottir" title="Ragnhildis Olafsdottir">Ragnhildis Olafsdottir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other notable men</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caittil_Find" title="Caittil Find">Caittil Find</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingimundr_(eleventh_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingimundr (eleventh century)">Ingimundr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lj%C3%B3t%C3%B3lfr" title="Ljótólfr">Ljótólfr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_the_White" title="Olaf the White">Olaf the White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olvir_Rosta" title="Olvir Rosta">Olvir Rosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1ll_B%C3%A1lkason" title="Páll Bálkason">Páll Bálkason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnall_ua_%C3%8Dmair" title="Ragnall ua Ímair">Ragnall ua Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweyn_Asleifsson" title="Sweyn Asleifsson">Sweyn Asleifsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorbjorn_Thorsteinsson" title="Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson">Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorstein_the_Red" title="Thorstein the Red">Thorstein the Red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Kingdom of the Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1l_Riata" title="Dál Riata">Dál Riata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse%E2%80%93Gaels" title="Norse–Gaels">Gall-Ghàidheil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lochlann" title="Lochlann">Lochlann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Orkney" title="History of Orkney">Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles" title="Kingdom of the Isles">Outer Hebrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Shetland" title="History of Shetland">Shetland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davidian_Revolution" title="Davidian Revolution">Davidian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish%E2%80%93Norwegian_War" title="Scottish–Norwegian War">Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Scotland" title="History of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Norway" title="History of Norway">Norway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bornish" title="Bornish">Bornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birsay" title="Birsay">Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Palace,_Kirkwall" title="Bishop's Palace, Kirkwall">Bishop's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brough_of_Birsay" title="Brough of Birsay">Brough of Birsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camas_Uig" title="Camas Uig">Camas Uig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubbie_Roo%27s_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubbie Roo's Castle">Cubbie Roo's Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Bu" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl's Bu">Earl's Bu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarlshof" title="Jarlshof">Jarlshof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwall_Castle" title="Kirkwall Castle">Kirkwall Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linton_Chapel" title="Linton Chapel">Linton Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maeshowe" title="Maeshowe">Maeshowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Scatness" title="Old Scatness">Old Scatness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_an_Eilean_Mh%C3%B2ir_boat_burial" title="Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial">Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubha_an_D%C3%B9nain" title="Rubha an Dùnain">Rubha an Dùnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_boat_burial" title="Scar boat burial">Scar boat burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Church,_Egilsay" title="St Magnus Church, Egilsay">St Magnus Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birlinn" title="Birlinn">Birlinn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_of_Mann" title="Chronicles of Mann">Chronicles of Mann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Darra%C3%B0arlj%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Darraðarljóð">Darraðarljóð</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloway_Hoard" title="Galloway Hoard">Galloway Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogback_(sculpture)" title="Hogback (sculpture)">Hogbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_runestones" title="Manx runestones">Manx runestones</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orkneyinga_saga" title="Orkneyinga saga">Orkneyinga saga</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounceland" title="Ounceland">Ounceland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sen_dollotar_Ulaid_..." class="mw-redirect" title="Sen dollotar Ulaid ...">Sen dollotar Ulaid</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Magnus_Cathedral" title="St Magnus Cathedral">St Magnus Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udal_law" title="Udal law">Udal law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thing_(assembly)" title="Thing (assembly)">Althings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delting" title="Delting">Delting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall" title="Dingwall">Dingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Ting_Holm" title="Law Ting Holm">Law Ting Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunnasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunnasting">Lunnasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting,_Shetland" title="Nesting, Shetland">Nesting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandsting" title="Sandsting">Sandsting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tingwall,_Shetland" title="Tingwall, Shetland">Tingwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Scotland" title="Languages of Scotland">Language</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Irish" title="Middle Irish">Middle Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language">Norn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse" title="Old Norse">Old Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictish_language" title="Pictish language">Pictish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norwegian" title="Old Norwegian">Old Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Etymology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_island_names" title="Scottish island names">Scottish island names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Isles#Island_names" title="Northern Isles">Northern Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebrides#Etymology" title="Hebrides">Hebrides</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles and treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bauds" title="Battle of Bauds">Bauds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brunanburh" title="Battle of Brunanburh">Brunanburh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Clontarf" title="Battle of Clontarf">Clontarf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dollar" title="Battle of Dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barry" title="Battle of Barry">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Epiphany" title="Battle of Epiphany">Epiphany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Battle of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Largs" title="Battle of Largs">Largs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Renfrew" title="Battle of Renfrew">Renfrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Skyhill" title="Battle of Skyhill">Skyhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tara_(Ireland)" title="Battle of Tara (Ireland)">Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestraj%C7%ABr%C3%B0r" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestrajǫrðr">Vestrajǫrðr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Barefoot#First_Irish_Sea_campaign" title="Magnus Barefoot">Treaty of 1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Perth" title="Treaty of Perth">Treaty of Perth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Associated clans and septs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clan_Gunn" title="Clan Gunn">Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U%C3%AD_%C3%8Dmair" title="Uí Ímair">Uí Ímair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_Somhairle" title="Clann Somhairle">Somhairle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macaulay_family_of_Lewis" title="Macaulay family of Lewis">Macaulay of Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotter_family" 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