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false false false nav-link">VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS</a><a id="3ae47cdc-a8df-4c00-8047-4c867c9d16d7" href="/resourcespages/pet-owners-overview" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/resourcespages/pet-owners-overview" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">PET OWNERS</a><a id="f92ac9ec-19e1-43ab-8bac-c3120eba9431" href="/resource" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/resource" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">RESOURCES</a><a id="4847e3d0-611a-49e5-bf45-f4ba450f91ef" href="/pages-with-widgets/quizzes" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/pages-with-widgets/quizzes" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">QUIZZES</a><a id="efa09114-fedd-4726-ad09-5e05b414102f" href="/resourcespages/about" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/resourcespages/about" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">ABOUT</a></div></div></nav><nav class="Navigation_navigationBar__zIC4y 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src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2720%27%20height=%2720%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="home" srcSet="/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 1x, /_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg 2x" src="/_next/static/media/home-icon.2ae865eb.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/></span></span></a><a href="/veterinary-topics" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/veterinary-topics" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">VETERINARY PROFESSIONALS</a><a href="/resourcespages/pet-owners-overview" role="link" data-rr-ui-event-key="/resourcespages/pet-owners-overview" class="Navigation_navigationListItems__Hb5U6 false false false nav-link">PET OWNERS</a><div dir="ltr" class="Navigation_navigationDropdown__UnDU_ nav-item dropdown"><a id="navigation-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" role="button" class="dropdown-toggle nav-link" tabindex="0" href="#"> </a></div></div></div></nav></div></div><div class="Header_bottomRightHeader__JVT6Q"><button aria-label="Vet Species Filter" data-testid="vetfilter" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" class="Header_vetSpeciesTogglebtn__PX_YD"></button><div><div tabindex="0" dir="ltr" aria-label="Search Pop-out" class="Search_headerSearchIcon__TN4QW false false" role="button"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2721%27%20height=%2721%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search icon" srcSet="/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 1x, /_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg 2x" src="/_next/static/media/icon_search_white.ab0fbaf1.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/></span></div></div></div></div></header><div class="container-fluid breadcrumb"><nav class="Breadcrumb_veterinary__b2BVo false " aria-label="breadcrumb"><div class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbContainer__6G8Wi" data-testid="breadcrumb"><ol class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbList__lRPWT" data-testid="breadcrumb-listWrap"><li class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbListItem__aXJ77" data-testid="breadcrumb-navList0"><a class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemLink__zZn2u" href="/" data-testid="breadcrumb-navLink0">Veterinary</a><span class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemSeparator__DtBgK">/</span></li><li class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbListItem__aXJ77" data-testid="breadcrumb-navList1"><a class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemLink__zZn2u" href="/veterinary-topics" data-testid="breadcrumb-navLink1" aria-current="page"><b>Veterinary Topics</b></a><span class="Breadcrumb_breadcrumbItemSeparator__DtBgK">/</span></li></ol></div></nav></div><div class=" StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarContainer__Q2Nw8 StickyRightToolbar_ltr__KPR49" data-testid="righttoolbar"><div class="StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarContent__pWj_e"><aside class="StickyRightToolbar_righttoolbarAside__zmP0T"><ul><li><div dir="ltr" data-testid="settings" class=" Settings_settingsContainer__V0R_P Settings_vetLight__oZ2xN Settings_stickysidebarSettings__PlM6I false"><button class="Settings_settingsBtn__U4f7S false false" data-testid="settings-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Settings"><div class="Settings_settingsIcon__2Xfes"></div></button><span class="Settings_hiddenImage__arexe"></span></div></li></ul></aside></div></div><main class="container-fluid mainContainerErrorPage " dir="ltr" id="mainContainer"><div class="MainContainer_placeholderContainer__3Z_ep"><div class=" TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnContainer__naqJB false TwoColumnContainer_healthTopicstwoColumnContainer____OG7 false false false"><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnLeftContainer___qdim"><div class="Banner_banner___WxOQ Banner_fontSize1__Znr70"><div class="Banner_bannerImage__Sm7Q7 false false Banner_healthTopicVetHeight___i7SD false false"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="vet-topic-banner" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=480&q=75 480w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fedge.sitecorecloud.io%2Fmmanual-ssq1ci05%2Fmedia%2Fmanual%2Fbanner-images%2Fvet-topics-banner.jpg%3Fh%3D244%26iar%3D0%26w%3D630&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/></span></div><div class="Banner_bannerData__9sg0q"></div></div></div><div class="TwoColumnContainer_twoColumnRightContainer__lJdo2"><div class=" PageOverview_healthyLiving__e8UkX PageOverview_healthyLivingColor__aafX4 false undefined"><div class="PageOverview_pageHeader__gDwRI"><h1 class="PageOverview_title__4bKQ8">Veterinary Topics</h1></div><div class="PageOverview_description__SODoo"><div>Browse by selecting from the veterinary specialties and body systems listed below.</div></div></div></div></div><div class=" OneColumnContainer_oneColumnContainer__pUUhP false undefined false OneColumnContainer_healthTopicsoneColumnContainer__fXKoP"><div dir="ltr" class="LetterSpine_healthTopicLetterSpineWrap__omGFG LetterSpine_fontSize1__7GiSD LetterSpine_letterspineWrap__H_XQs LetterSpine_veterinary__uY5t2 LetterSpine_lightTheme__48JLd " data-testid="letterSpineContainer"><div class="LetterSpine_toggle__xjgWG"><div role="group" class="btn-group"><input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="radio" value="vet" autoComplete="off" checked="" id="toggle-0"/><label tabindex="0" for="toggle-0" class="LetterSpine_active__vofRF btn btn-light">Veterinary</label><input type="radio" class="btn-check" name="radio" value="pet" autoComplete="off" id="toggle-1"/><label tabindex="0" for="toggle-1" class="false btn btn-light">Pet</label></div></div><div class="LetterSpine_healthTopicIndex__bwn5B LetterSpine_labelIndex__frIeH">Index</div><ul id="letterSpineWrap" class="LetterSpine_letterspine__6AT2l LetterSpine_letterspinesearch__4FzBA"><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter0">A</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter1">B</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter2">C</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter3">D</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter4">E</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter5">F</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter6">G</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter7">H</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter8">I</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter9">J</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter10">K</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter11">L</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter12">M</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter13">N</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter14">O</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter15">P</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter16">Q</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter17">R</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter18">S</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter19">T</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter20">U</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter21">V</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter22">W</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter23">X</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" data-testid="letter24">Y</a></li><li class="LetterSpine_letters___Upy9 LetterSpine_enabledLetters__SZGMj" tabindex="-1"><a role="button" class="LetterSpine_normalLetter__bhRAV " tabindex="0" 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