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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Dinamika_populasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dinamika_populasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Dinamika populasi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dinamika_populasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pola_penyebaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pola_penyebaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Pola penyebaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pola_penyebaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pola_bertahan_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pola_bertahan_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pola bertahan hidup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pola_bertahan_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulasi_densitas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulasi_densitas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Regulasi densitas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulasi_densitas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ekologi populasi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 29 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="علم البيئة التجمعي – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم البيئة التجمعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demekologiya" title="Demekologiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Demekologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Дэмэкалогія – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэмэкалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populacijska_ekologija" title="Populacijska ekologija – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Populacijska ekologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populations%C3%B6kologie" title="Populationsökologie – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Populationsökologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_ecology" title="Population ecology – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Population ecology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populaciekologio" title="Populaciekologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Populaciekologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecolog%C3%ADa_de_poblaciones" title="Ecología de poblaciones – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ecología de poblaciones" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dem%C3%B6koloogia" title="Demökoloogia – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Demökoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populazioen_ekologia" title="Populazioen ekologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Populazioen ekologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="بوم‌شناسی جمعیت – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بوم‌شناسی جمعیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populaatioekologia" title="Populaatioekologia – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Populaatioekologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9m%C3%A9cologie" title="Démécologie – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Démécologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A7%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դեմէկոլոգիա – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեմէկոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia_della_popolazione" title="Ecologia della popolazione – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ecologia della popolazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%BE%A4%E7%94%9F%E6%85%8B%E5%AD%A6" title="個体群生態学 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="個体群生態学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аутоэкология – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аутоэкология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EA%B5%B0%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="개체군생태학 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개체군생태학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Демэкология – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Демэкология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populasjons%C3%B8kologi" title="Populasjonsøkologi – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Populasjonsøkologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologia_populacyjna" title="Ekologia populacyjna – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekologia populacyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia_de_popula%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Ecologia de populações – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ecologia de populações" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecologia_popula%C8%9Biei" title="Ecologia populației – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ecologia populației" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Демэкология – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Демэкология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekologija_populacije" title="Ekologija populacije – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ekologija populacije" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationsekologi" title="Populationsekologi – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Populationsekologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li 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href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ekologi+populasi"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ekologi_populasi&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Population_ecology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1049866" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><p><b>Ekologi populasi</b> merupakan sub bagian dari ilmu <a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">ekologi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekologi populasi mempelajari tentang interaksi suatu populasi dengan lingkungan habitatnya.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interaksi ini meliputi bagaimana suatu <a href="/wiki/Populasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Populasi">populasi</a> tumbuh, bertahan hidup, bahkan melangsungkan garis keturunan melalui <a href="/wiki/Reproduksi" title="Reproduksi">reproduksi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockwood_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockwood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ekologi populasi juga dapat mempelajari keberadaan organisme dari tingkat individu hingga <a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">ekosistem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Callenbach_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Callenbach-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dinamika_populasi">Dinamika populasi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Dinamika populasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Dinamika populasi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Densitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Densitas">Densitas</a> suatu populasi merupakan suatu nilai yang dinamis karena berkaitan dengan pertambahan atau pengurangan jumlah <a href="/wiki/Individu" title="Individu">individu</a> di dalam populasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begon_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bertambahnya jumlah individu dipengaruhi oleh angka kelahiran dan angka <a href="/wiki/Imigrasi" title="Imigrasi">imigrasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rockwood_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockwood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begon_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vandermeer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandermeer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sebaliknya, penurunan jumlah individu dalam populasi bergantung pada angka kematian dan angka <a href="/wiki/Emigrasi" title="Emigrasi">emigrasi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rockwood_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockwood-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begon_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begon-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vandermeer_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vandermeer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui jumlah individu di suatu populasi (<b>N</b>) adalah dengan metode <i>mark recaptured</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metode ini dilakukan secara 2 tahap di mana tahap pertama sejumlah individu ditangkap, diberi tanda lalu dibebaskan (<b>S</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Setelah beberapa minggu, tahap kedua, dilakukan penangkapan kembali terhadap organisme yang ditangkap (<b>x</b>).<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jumlah organisme (<b>n</b>)yang ada di populasi dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus: <b>N . x = s . n</b> <sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pola_penyebaran">Pola penyebaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Pola penyebaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pola penyebaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg/220px-Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg/330px-Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg/440px-Eudyptes_chrysocome_rookery_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Pola penyebaran penguin dalam korelasi dengan tempat bertelur</figcaption></figure> <p>Pola penyebaran merupakan salah satu bentuk pertahanan hidup dari serangan <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predator</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Iklim" title="Iklim">iklim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Terdapat 3 pola penyebaran yang umum dilakukan, yaitu mengelompok, merata, dan acak.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ciri-ciri pola penyebaran mengelompok didasarkan oleh insting suatu individu untuk berkumpul di dekat sumber makanannya.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pola penyebaran mengelompok biasa dilakukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Bintang_laut" title="Bintang laut">bintang laut</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pola kedua adalah penyebaran merata di mana individu membutuhkan jarak yang cukup untuk bertelur.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pola ini dilakukan oleh <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguin</a> pada musim kawin.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pola terakhir adalah pola penyebaran secara acak. Pola ini terjadi pada tanaman <a href="/wiki/Randa_tapak" title="Randa tapak">randa tapak</a> dibantu oleh hembusan angin yang menerbangkan biji tunas ke arah yang acak.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pola_bertahan_hidup">Pola bertahan hidup</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Pola bertahan hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pola bertahan hidup"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ada 3 tipe <i>survival</i> yang umum dilakukan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi populasi tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tipe pertama hanya menghasilkan 1-2 anakan namun memiliki risiko kematian yang rendah pada tahap tersebut.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Manusia merupakan salah satu organisme yang memiliki pola pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pola kedua terjadi ketika jumlah anakan yang dihasilkan tidak terlalu sedikit namun memiliki risiko kematian yang serendah tipe pertama.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tupai adalah salah satu organisme yang mengadopsi tipe kedua.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pada tipe ketiga, suatu organisme menghasilkan banyak anakan, tetapi hanya sedikit yang dapat bertahan hidup hingga dewasa.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tipe ini diadopsi oleh penyu.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulasi_densitas">Regulasi densitas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Regulasi densitas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Regulasi densitas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alam memiliki beberapa cara untuk mengontrol densitas dari suatu populasi.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Densitas yang terlalu tinggi akan membahayakan keadaan <a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">homeostasis</a> lingkungan.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beberapa regulasi yang terjadi adalah predasi, persaingan untuk bahan makanan, perebutan teritori, dan penyebaran penyakit.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_1-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_populasi&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Campbell-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_1-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Reece JB, Urry LA, Cain ML, Wasserman SA, Minorsky PV, Jackson RB. 2011. BIOLOGY: Ninth Edition. San Francisco: Pearson Education.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockwood-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockwood_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockwood_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockwood_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Rockwood LL. 2006. Introduction to Population Ecology. MA: Blackwell Publishing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Callenbach-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Callenbach_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Callenbach E. 2008. Ecology: A Pocket Guide. California: University of California Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Begon-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Begon_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begon_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begon_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Begon M, Mortimer M, Thompson DJ. 2009. Population Ecology: A Unified Study of Animals and Plants MA: Blackwell Publishing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vandermeer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vandermeer_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vandermeer_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> Vandermeer JH, Goldberg DE. 2013. Population Ecology: First Principles (Second Edition). 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title="Biomolekul">Biomolekul</a>) > <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">Atom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Fondasi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeostasis" title="Homeostasis">Homeostasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Taksonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teori_sel" title="Teori sel">Teori sel</a></li> <li>Transformasi <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%">Prinsip</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Evolusi" title="Evolusi">Evolusi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adaptasi" title="Adaptasi">Adaptasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_gen" title="Aliran gen">Aliran gen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bentuk_kehidupan_paling_awal_yang_diketahui" title="Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui">Bentuk kehidupan paling awal yang diketahui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(biologi)" title="Fungsi (biologi)">Fungsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanyutan_genetik" title="Hanyutan genetik">Hanyutan genetik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makroevolusi" title="Makroevolusi">Makroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikroevolusi" title="Mikroevolusi">Mikroevolusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutasi" title="Mutasi">Mutasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleksi_alam" title="Seleksi alam">Seleksi alam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesiasi" title="Spesiasi">Spesiasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dinamika populasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaksi_biologis" title="Interaksi biologis">Interaksi biologis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keanekaragaman_hayati" title="Keanekaragaman hayati">Keanekaragaman hayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relung_(ekologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Relung (ekologi)">Relung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_(biologi)" title="Sumber daya (biologi)">Sumber daya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">Biologi<br />molekuler</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biologi_perkembangan" title="Biologi perkembangan">Biologi perkembangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenetika" title="Epigenetika">Epigenetika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis">Meiosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitosis" title="Mitosis">Mitosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modifikasi_pascatranskripsi" title="Modifikasi pascatranskripsi">Modifikasi pascatranskripsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persinyalan_sel" title="Persinyalan sel">Persinyalan sel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulasi_gen" title="Regulasi gen">Regulasi gen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biokimia" title="Biokimia">Biokimia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asam_nukleat" title="Asam nukleat">Asam nukleat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzim" title="Enzim">Enzim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">Fotosintesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbohidrat" title="Karbohidrat">Karbohidrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipid" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipid">Lipid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">Metabolisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biologi" title="Portal:Biologi">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Biologi" title="Kategori:Biologi">Kategori</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Biology">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Biologi" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Biologi">ProyekWiki</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ekologi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Ekologi" title="Templat:Ekologi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Ekologi" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Ekologi"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Ekologi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ekologi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ekologi" title="Ekologi">Ekologi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Komponen_biotik" title="Komponen biotik">Komponen biotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komponen_abiotik" title="Komponen abiotik">Komponen abiotik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomassa_(ekologi)" title="Biomassa (ekologi)">Biomassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relung_(ekologi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Relung (ekologi)">Relung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_nutrien" title="Daur nutrien">Daur nutrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_biogeokimia" title="Daur biogeokimia">Daur biogeokimia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hierarki</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup">Organisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populasi_(biologi)" title="Populasi (biologi)">Populasi</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ekologi populasi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komunitas_(ekologi)" title="Komunitas (ekologi)">Komunitas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_komunitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekologi komunitas">Ekologi komunitas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekosistem" title="Ekosistem">Ekosistem</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_ekosistem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologi ekosistem (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekologi ekosistem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma">Bioma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosfer" title="Biosfer">Biosfer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Interaksi_biologis" title="Interaksi biologis">Interaksi biologis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jangka pendek</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemangsaan" title="Pemangsaan">Pemangsaan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanibalisme" title="Kanibalisme">Kanibalisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penyerbukan" title="Penyerbukan">Penyerbukan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jangka panjang</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simbiosis" title="Simbiosis">Simbiosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mutualisme" title="Mutualisme">Mutualisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komensalisme" title="Komensalisme">Komensalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasitisme" title="Parasitisme">Parasitisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kompetisi_(biologi)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kompetisi (biologi) (halaman belum tersedia)">Kompetisi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosimbion" title="Endosimbion">Endosimbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jaring-jaring_makanan" title="Jaring-jaring makanan">Jaring-jaring makanan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konsep</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rantai_makanan" title="Rantai makanan">Rantai makanan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tingkatan_trofik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tingkatan trofik (halaman belum tersedia)">Tingkatan trofik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piramida_ekologi" title="Piramida ekologi">Piramida ekologi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_energi" title="Aliran energi">Aliran energi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peranan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autotrof" title="Autotrof">Autotrof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterotrof" title="Heterotrof">Heterotrof</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pemangsa" title="Pemangsa">Pemangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemangsa_puncak" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemangsa puncak">Pemangsa puncak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbivor" title="Herbivor">Herbivor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnivor" title="Karnivor">Karnivor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omnivor" title="Omnivor">Omnivor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengurai">Pengurai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detritivor" title="Detritivor">Detritivor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peran sebagai spesies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Distribusi_spesies" title="Distribusi spesies">Distribusi spesies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pribumi_(ekologi)" title="Pribumi (ekologi)">Spesies asli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesies_pendatang" title="Spesies pendatang">Spesies pendatang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jenis_asing_invasif" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenis asing invasif">Spesies invasif</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme">Endemik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distribusi_kosmopolitan" title="Distribusi kosmopolitan">Kosmopolitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesies_dasar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spesies dasar (halaman belum tersedia)">Spesies dasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spesies_kunci" title="Spesies kunci">Spesies kunci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioindikator" title="Bioindikator">Spesies indikator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekologi_ruang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekologi ruang (halaman belum tersedia)">Ekologi ruang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi">Biogeografi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekologi_lanskap" title="Ekologi lanskap">Ekologi lanskap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekoton" title="Ekoton">Ekoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekotipe" title="Ekotipe">Ekotipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fragmentasi_habitat" title="Fragmentasi habitat">Fragmentasi habitat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogeografi_pulau" title="Biogeografi pulau">Biogeografi pulau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Symbol_category_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Category"><img alt="Category" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Ekologi" title="Kategori:Ekologi">Kategori</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons page"><img alt="Commons page" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ecology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ecology">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:People_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="WikiProject"><img alt="WikiProject" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ProyekWiki_Biologi" title="Wikipedia:ProyekWiki Biologi">ProyekWiki</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049866#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049866#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049866#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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