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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gitxsan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan" title="Gitxsan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gitxsan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitksans" title="Gitksans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gitksans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitksan" title="Gitksan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gitksan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AE%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E6%97%8F" title="ギックサン族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ギックサン族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxsan" title="Gitxsan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gitxsan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitksan" title="Gitksan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gitksan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitxanit" title="Gitxanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gitxanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q851575#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gitxsan" title="View 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Group of indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ethnographic group. For the language, see <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_language" title="Gitxsan language">Gitxsan language</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Gitxsan</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Githaz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Githaz.jpg/220px-Githaz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Githaz.jpg/330px-Githaz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Githaz.jpg/440px-Githaz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="518" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Gitxsan on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Skeena_River" title="Skeena River">Skeena River</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hazelton,_British_Columbia" title="Hazelton, British Columbia">Hazelton</a>, 1901</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">5,680 (2016 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Canada<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_language" title="Gitxsan language">Gitxsan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Indigenous spirituality</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisga'a</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="background:#fff6d9"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">People</th><td class="infobox-data">Gitx̱san</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_language" title="Gitxsan language">Gitxsanimaax</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="background:#fee8ab">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Gitx̱san Lax̱yip</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gitxsan</b> (also spelled <b>Gitksan</b> and <b>Kitksan</b>) are an <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Canada" title="Indigenous peoples in Canada">Indigenous people</a> in Canada whose home territory comprises most of the area known as the <a href="/wiki/Skeena_Country" title="Skeena Country">Skeena Country</a> in English (<span title="Gitxsan-language text"><i lang="git">Git</i></span>: means "people of" and <span title="Gitxsan-language text"><i lang="git">Xsan</i></span>: means "the River of Mist"). Gitksan territory encompasses approximately 35,000 km<sup>2</sup> (14,000 sq mi) of land, from the basin of the upper <a href="/wiki/Skeena_River" title="Skeena River">Skeena River</a> from about Legate Creek to the Skeena's headwaters and its surrounding tributaries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Tsimshianic_languages" title="Tsimshianic languages">Tsimshianic language group</a>, their culture is considered to be part of the civilization of the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Pacific_Northwest_Coast" title="Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast">Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast</a>, although their territory lies in the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Interior" title="British Columbia Interior">Interior</a> rather than on the <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Coast" title="British Columbia Coast">Coast</a>. They were at one time also known as the <i>Interior Tsimshian</i>, a term which also included the <a href="/wiki/Nisga%27a" title="Nisga'a">Nisga'a</a>, the Gitxsan's neighbours to the north. Their neighbours to the west are the <a href="/wiki/Tsimshian" title="Tsimshian">Tsimshian</a> (a.k.a. the Coast Tsimshian) while to the east the <a href="/wiki/Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen" title="Wetʼsuwetʼen">Wetʼsuwetʼen</a>, an Athapaskan people, with whom they have a long and deep relationship and shared political and cultural community. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gitxsan are a <a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">matrilineal</a> society that consists of Frog, Eagle, Wolf, and Fireweed <a href="/wiki/Clan" title="Clan">Clans</a>. Each clan consists of a series of independent Houses (Wilp), each with their own High Chief, and traditional territories and fishing sites. Marriage within a clan is forbidden.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are approximately 5,000 people <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> wide with many living in traditional Gitxsan territory. Many also live elsewhere in British Columbia, in places such as <a href="/wiki/Terrace,_British_Columbia" title="Terrace, British Columbia">Terrace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithers,_British_Columbia" title="Smithers, British Columbia">Smithers</a>, and in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, as well as around the world. </p><p>Eighty per cent of the people living on the lands surrounding Legate creek to the Skeena headwaters are Gitxsan ('People of the River Mist') and archaeological evidence supports a continuous habitation of at least 10,000 years. Their traditional language is called <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_language" title="Gitxsan language">Gitxsanimaax</a>. </p><p>A museum known as <a href="/wiki/%27Ksan" title="'Ksan">'Ksan</a> displaying some traditional and modern Gitksan art and history is located on the <a href="/wiki/Gitanmaax" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitanmaax">Gitanmaax</a> reserve near <a href="/wiki/Hazelton,_British_Columbia" title="Hazelton, British Columbia">Hazelton</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title_and_treaties">Title and treaties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Title and treaties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The aboriginal title rights of the Gitxsan and their neighbours, the <a href="/wiki/Wet%CA%BCsuwet%CA%BCen" title="Wetʼsuwetʼen">Wetʼsuwetʼen</a>, were affirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Canada" title="Supreme Court of Canada">Supreme Court of Canada</a> in its 1997 <a href="/wiki/Delgamuukw_v_British_Columbia" title="Delgamuukw v British Columbia">Delgamuukw</a> decision. </p><p>To date, a treaty agreement between the <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitxsan Nation">Gitxsan Nation</a> and the Federal <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Canada" title="Government of Canada">Government of Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_British_Columbia" title="Executive Council of British Columbia">Provincial Government of British Columbia</a> has not been reached. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Communities">Communities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Communities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the Gitxsan (Gitksan) villages are, divided by dialect: </p><p>Gitxsan dialect or Gitxsanimax̱, also known as Eastern Gitxsan dialect speaking bands in Gigeenix (eastern region): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hazelton,_British_Columbia#Old_Hazelton_and_Two_Mile" title="Hazelton, British Columbia">Old Hazelton</a> (traditional name: Gitanmaax, <a href="/wiki/Gitanmaax_Band" title="Gitanmaax Band">Gitanmaax Band</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kispiox" title="Kispiox">Kispiox</a> (traditional name: Anspa'yaxw, <a href="/wiki/Kispiox_Band_Council" title="Kispiox Band Council">Kispiox Band Council</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Vowell" title="Glen Vowell">Glen Vowell</a> (traditional name: Sik-e-Dakh, <a href="/wiki/Gitxsan_Treaty_Society" title="Gitxsan Treaty Society">Glen Vowell Indian Band</a>)</li></ul> <p>Gitsken dialect or Gitsenimx̱ , also known as Western Gitksan dialect speaking bands in Gyeets (western region): </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gitanyow" title="Gitanyow">Gitanyow</a> (formerly Kitwancool, <a href="/wiki/Gitanyow_Band" class="mw-redirect" title="Gitanyow Band">Gitanyow Band</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitsegukla" title="Gitsegukla">Gitsegukla</a> (formerly: Kitsegeucla, <a href="/wiki/Gitsegukla_Indian_Band" title="Gitsegukla Indian Band">Gitsegukla Indian Band (formerly Kitsegugkla)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitwanga" title="Kitwanga">Kitwanga</a> (traditional name: Gitwangak, <a href="/wiki/Gitwangak_Indian_Band" title="Gitwangak Indian Band">Gitwangak Indian Band (formerly Kitwanga)</a>) - the Gitksan community of <a href="/wiki/Cedarvale,_British_Columbia" title="Cedarvale, British Columbia">Cedarvale</a> (traditional name: Minskinish or Meanskaniist) belong as Koonwat Indian Reserve No. 7 to the Gitwangak.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_of_Gitxsan_descent">Notable people of Gitxsan descent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable people of Gitxsan descent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cindy_Blackstock" title="Cindy Blackstock">Cindy Blackstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Gunanoot" title="Simon Gunanoot">Simon Gunanoot</a>, long sought-after fugitive later cleared of wrongdoing</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Harris_(artist)" title="Walter Harris (artist)">Walter Harris</a>, hereditary chief and artist/carver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doreen_Jensen" title="Doreen Jensen">Doreen Jensen</a>, artist, carver, activist and educator</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_P._Morgan" title="Judith P. Morgan">Judith P. Morgan</a>, painter<sup id="cite_ref-Vancouver60s_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vancouver60s-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Sterritt" title="Angela Sterritt">Angela Sterritt</a>, journalist</li> <li>Neil J. Sterritt, author and activist <sup id="cite_ref-Order_of_British_Columbia,_Neil_J._Sterritt_recipient_2017_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Order_of_British_Columbia,_Neil_J._Sterritt_recipient_2017-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_ThunderKloud_%26_the_Chieftones" title="Billy ThunderKloud & the Chieftones">Billy ThunderKloud</a>, singer/entertainer, Nashville recording artist, 1975 Outstanding Indian of the Year, hereditary chief</li> <li>Nathaniel P. Wilkerson, artist/carver,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> engineer,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> programmer/developer<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Virginia_Sampare" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Virginia Sampare">Jean Virginia Sampare</a>, an abducted girl missing from Gitsegukla, British Columbia, Canada</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/dt-td/Rp-eng.cfm?LANG=E&APATH=3&DETAIL=0&DIM=0&FL=A&FREE=0&GC=0&GID=0&GK=0&GRP=1&PID=110522&PRID=10&PTYPE=109445&S=0&SHOWALL=0&SUB=0&Temporal=2017&THEME=122&VID=0&VNAMEE=&VNAMEF=">"Aboriginal Ancestry Responses (73), Single and Multiple Aboriginal Responses (4), Residence on or off reserve (3), Residence inside or outside Inuit Nunangat (7), Age (8A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data"</a>. <i>www12.statcan.gc.ca</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stonington+Gallery&rft.atitle=Nathaniel+P.+Wilkerson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstoningtongallery.com%2Fartist%2Fnathaniel-p-wilkerson%2F%23archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGitxsan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://design.medeek.com">"Medeek Design Inc. - Garage, Shop, Shed and Barn Plans"</a>. <i>design.medeek.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=design.medeek.com&rft.atitle=Medeek+Design+Inc.+-+Garage%2C+Shop%2C+Shed+and+Barn+Plans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdesign.medeek.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGitxsan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://design.medeek.com/resources/medeekprojectplugin.pl#Introduction">"Medeek Design Inc. - Medeek Project"</a>. <i>design.medeek.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=design.medeek.com&rft.atitle=Medeek+Design+Inc.+-+Medeek+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdesign.medeek.com%2Fresources%2Fmedeekprojectplugin.pl%23Introduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGitxsan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Adams, John W. (1973) <i>The Gitksan Potlatch: Population Flux, Resource Ownership and Reciprocity.</i> Toronto: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston of Canada.</li> <li>Barbeau, Marius (1928) <i>The Downfall of Temlaham.</i> Toronto: MacMillan.</li> <li>Barbeau, Marius (1929) <i>Totem Poles of the Gitksan, Upper Skeena River, British Columbia.</i> Ottawa: Canada, Department of Mines.</li> <li>Beynon, William (2000) <i>Potlatch at Gitsegukla: William Beynon’s 1945 Field Notebooks.</i> Ed. by Margaret Anderson and Marjorie Halpin. Vancouver: U.B.C. Press.</li> <li>Bookbuildes of 'Ksan (1977) <i>We-Gyet Wanders On: Legends of the Northwest.</i> Saanichton, B.C.: Hancock House Publishers.</li> <li>Cove, John J. (1982) "The Gitksan Traditional Concept of Land Ownership." <i>Anthropologica,</i> vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 3–17.</li> <li>Daly, Richard (2005) <i>Our Box Was Full: An Ethnography for the Delgamuukw Plaintiffs.</i> Vancouver: UBC Press.</li> <li>Duff, Wilson (ed.) (1959) <i>Histories, Territories and Laws of the Kitwancool.</i> Victoria: Royal British Columbia Museum.</li> <li>Galois, Robert, and Neil J. Sterritt, (1998) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubcpress.ca/tribal-boundaries-in-the-nass-watershed"><i>Tribal Boundaries in the Nass Watershed.</i> Vancouver: U.B.C. Press.</a></li> <li>Gibson, John Frederic (1972) <i>A Small and Charming World.</i> Toronto: Collins Publishers.</li> <li>Glavin, Terry (1990) <i>A Death Feast in Dimlahamid.</i> Vancouver: New Star Books.</li> <li>Harris, Christie (1975) <i>Sky Man on the Totem Pole?</i> New York: Atheneum.</li> <li>Harris, Kenneth B. (1974) <i>Visitors Who Never Left: The Origin of the People of Damelahamid.</i> Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press.</li> <li>Monet, Don, and Ardythe Wilson (1992) <i>Colonialism on Trial: Indigenous Land Rights and the Gitksan and Wet’suwet’en Sovereignty Case.</i> Philadelphia: New Society Publishers.</li> <li>Sterritt, Neil J., (2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creekstonepress.com/index.php/publications/article/mapping_my_way_home_a_gitxsan_history"><i>Mapping My Way Home: A Gitxsan History.</i> Smithers, BC: Creekstone Press.</a></li> <li>Russell, Roy (2015) <i>Feast: A Gitksan Story</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gitxsan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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