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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Yarımburgaz Cave</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&params=41_04_31_N_28_44_29_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°04′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°44′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.07528°N 28.74139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.07528; 28.74139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cave in Turkey</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #e7dcc3;">Yarimburgaz Cave</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:100%;">Yarımburgaz Mağarası</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG/250px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG/375px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG/500px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3554" data-file-height="2212" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A view of Yarımburgaz Cave.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map showing the location of Yarimburgaz Cave"><img alt="Map showing the location of Yarimburgaz Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg/220px-Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg/330px-Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg/440px-Turkey_Istanbul_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1568" data-file-height="845" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.156%;left:39.352%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yarimburgaz Cave"><img alt="Map showing the location of Yarimburgaz Cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Yarımburgaz Cave in Istanbul</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Yarımburgaz, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt%C4%B1n%C5%9Fehir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altınşehir (page does not exist)">Altınşehir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir" title="Başakşehir">Başakşehir, Istanbul</a>, Turkey</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&params=41_04_31_N_28_44_29_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">41°04′31″N</span> <span class="longitude">28°44′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">41.07528°N 28.74139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">41.07528; 28.74139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">500 m (1,600 ft) (lower cave)<br />52 m (171 ft) (upper cave)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">11.5 m (38 ft) (lower cave)<br />18.5 m (61 ft) (upper cave)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entrances</th><td class="infobox-data">Two</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yarimburgaz Cave</b> (<a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Yarımburgaz Mağarası</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> of significant archaeological and paleontological importance, located within <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Province">Istanbul Province</a>, Turkey. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Location">Location</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_(9).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG/220px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG/330px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG/440px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%289%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>A view to the Sazlıdere Valley and <a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece" title="Lake Küçükçekmece">Lake Küçükçekmece</a> seen from the cave.</figcaption></figure> <p>Yarımburgaz Cave is approximately 20 km (12 mi) west of the city of <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, and about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece" title="Lake Küçükçekmece">Lake Küçükçekmece</a> and south of <a href="/wiki/Sazl%C4%B1dere_Dam" title="Sazlıdere Dam">Sazlıdere Dam</a>. It is situated in a locality known today as Altınşehir, within the neighborhood of Güvercintepe in <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir" title="Başakşehir">Başakşehir</a> district.<sup id="cite_ref-um_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah7_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_formation">Geology and formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology and formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The cave was formed as a result of a <a href="/wiki/Subterranean_river" title="Subterranean river">subterranean river</a> eroding an ancient limestone formation.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has two entrances, one above the other. The lower entrance is at an altitude of 11.5 m (38 ft) <a href="/wiki/Sea_level#AMSL" title="Sea level">AMSL</a>, which the upper entrance is situated 7 m (23 ft) above. The cave is on the eastern bank of the Sazlıdere creek, which empties into Lake Küçükçekmece.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entrances face southwards overlooking Sazlıdere Valley. Whereas the lower cave has a length of 500 m (1,600 ft), the upper is only 52 m (171 ft) long. After about 25 m (82 ft) inside, a short, sloping passage connects both caves.<sup id="cite_ref-um_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lower cave is in the form of a meandering tunnel, forking into two at a distance of 240 m (790 ft) from the mouth. The upper cave's chamber is 15 m (49 ft) wide and 10 m (33 ft) in height.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scientific_research">Scientific research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scientific research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_(Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg/170px-%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg/255px-%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg/340px-%C4%B0stanbul_Arkeoloji_M%C3%BCzesi_-_Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Ma%C4%9Faras%C4%B1_%28Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2298" data-file-height="1842" /></a><figcaption>Artifacts from Yarımburgaz Cave displayed at <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Archaeology_Museums" title="Istanbul Archaeology Museums">Istanbul Archaeology Museums</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The cave is an important <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> site which has been researched by <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archeologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoarchaeology" title="Geoarchaeology">geoarchaeologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biospeleology" title="Biospeleology">biospeleologists</a>. Scientific exploration of the cave began in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ag_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">Excavation</a> attempts made in 1920 were followed by systematic archaeological work in the 1980s financially supported by the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-um_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah7_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah7-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-af_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine era</a>, a cave-church was carved into the walls of the upper cave,<sup id="cite_ref-ah9_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a monastery was built outside the cave mouth. Although these alterations may have resulted in the loss of prehistoric material, some artefacts remain in the cave. In the upper cave, traces of settlements were found dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Paleolithic" title="Upper Paleolithic">Upper Paleolithic</a> subdivision of the <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> up until the <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> period of the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. These traces were lying on beach sand from the <a href="/wiki/Marine_Isotope_Stage_5" title="Marine Isotope Stage 5">last interglacial period</a> and beneath debris from <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> and later times. The beach sand covers <a href="/wiki/Sediment" title="Sediment">sediments</a> with <a href="/wiki/Lower_Paleolithic" title="Lower Paleolithic">Lower Paleolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a>. The upper cave was destroyed by <a href="/wiki/Treasure_hunting" title="Treasure hunting">treasure hunting</a> and illicit diggings, which left 2–3 m (6.6–9.8 ft)-deep pits.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the prehistoric deposits found in the lower cave, the upper cave lacks any evidence of debris from that era.<sup id="cite_ref-um_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The existence of paleontological and archaeological findings point towards the use of the cave as a <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Fauna" title="Fauna">animal</a> habitat, alternatively.<sup id="cite_ref-n1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbua_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbua-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ucl_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ucl-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah3_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah3-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The finds include bones of <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnivore" title="Carnivore">carnivore</a> <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nbc1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbc1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> marine and freshwater <a href="/wiki/Mollusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusc">molluscs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mj_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Microfauna" title="Microfauna">microfauna</a> as well as artifacts like <a href="/wiki/Potsherd" class="mw-redirect" title="Potsherd">potsherds</a>, knives on <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oldowan" title="Oldowan">oldowans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chopper_(archaeology)" title="Chopper (archaeology)">choppers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hammerstone" title="Hammerstone">hammerstones</a> on <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Manuport" title="Manuport">manuports</a>. The wide variety of prehistoric faunal specimens belong to bones of herbivore mammals such as cave bears (<i><a href="/wiki/Ursus_deningeri" title="Ursus deningeri">Ursus deningeri</a></i>), horses (<i><a href="/wiki/Equus_caballus" class="mw-redirect" title="Equus caballus">Equus caballus</a></i>), wild boars (<i><a href="/wiki/Sus_scrofa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sus scrofa">Sus scrofa</a></i>), fallow deer (<i><a href="/wiki/Dama_dama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama dama">Dama dama</a></i>), roe deer (<i><a href="/wiki/Capreolus_capreolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Capreolus capreolus">Capreolus capreolus</a></i>), deer (<i><a href="/wiki/Megaloceros" title="Megaloceros">Megaloceros</a></i>), cattle (<i><a href="/wiki/Bos" title="Bos">Bos</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">Bison</a></i>), antilopes (<i><a href="/wiki/Gazella" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazella">Gazella</a></i>), goats (<i><a href="/wiki/Capra_(genus)" title="Capra (genus)">Capra</a></i>), and carnivores such as wolves and dogs (<i><a href="/wiki/Canis" title="Canis">Canis</a></i>), foxes (<i><a href="/wiki/Vulpes" title="Vulpes">Vulpes</a></i>), tigers (<i><a href="/wiki/Panthera" title="Panthera">Panthera</a></i>), cats (<i><a href="/wiki/Felis" title="Felis">Felis</a></i>) and hyenas (<i><a href="/wiki/Crocuta" title="Crocuta">Crocuta</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-um_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-um-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Findings of "more than 5000 fossil bones and teeth of cave and brown bears", which provide some chronological indicators, led to their extensive scientific study.<sup id="cite_ref-bbua_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbua-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mj_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mj-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ua_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ua-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-usg_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usg-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another subject of such extensive study were the fossils of several species of <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a> bats (<a href="/wiki/Chiroptera" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiroptera">Chiroptera</a>), including horseshoe bats (<i><a href="/wiki/Rhinolophus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhinolophus">Rhinolophus</a></i>), mouse-eared bats (<i><a href="/wiki/Myotis" class="mw-redirect" title="Myotis">Myotis</a></i>), long-eared bats (<i><a href="/wiki/Plecotus" title="Plecotus">Plecotus</a></i>) and bent-winged bats (<i><a href="/wiki/Miniopterus" title="Miniopterus">Miniopterus</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-eg_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eg-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some artifacts found in Yarımburgaz Cave are exhibited in the <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Archaeology_Museums" title="Istanbul Archaeology Museums">Istanbul Archaeology Museums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ah2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Yarımburgaz Cave was declared an archaeological-nature reserve of first grade.<sup id="cite_ref-bb_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also listed as "Cultural Property under Enhanced Protection".<sup id="cite_ref-tz1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Human_impact">Human impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_(10).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG/170px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG/255px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG/340px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%2810%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2232" data-file-height="3562" /></a><figcaption>Barred main entrance of lower cave.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_(7).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG/170px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG/255px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG/340px-Yar%C4%B1mburgazCave_%287%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3696" /></a><figcaption>A view of the cave inside at the main entrance of lower cave.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the last two decades, the cave suffered serious, irreversible damage caused by the external interactions of humans.<sup id="cite_ref-r2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following scientific excavations inside the cave, and the related publications in the 1990s, the cave gained wide popularity. For this reason, it was brought to the attention of several picnickers, treasure hunters,<sup id="cite_ref-ag_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> illegal explorers, amateur <a href="/wiki/Speleology" title="Speleology">speleologists</a> and archaeologists due to its past use as a historic cave-church and its proximity to the city center.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In order to prevent further damage, the cave was closed off with iron bar gates during the scientific excavations between 1988 and 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, because of neglect by the respective authorities, the gates lost their function in later years, and the cave would inevitably become a shelter frequented by drug users and prostitutes, who littered it.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ag_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-n1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-n1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah2_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the cave walls are painted and scratched with <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ah9_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah9-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To establish a mushroom farm inside the cave, the cave grounds were leveled by a grader.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mouth of the cave was enlarged even to enable the grader's entry.<sup id="cite_ref-ag_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The cave was also used several times as a setting in filmmaking and television productions that left permanent modifications inside the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-tp_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tp-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cave featured in the 1971 movie <i>Ali Baba ve Kırk Haramiler</i> (English: "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves"), based on the folk tale <a href="/wiki/Ali_Baba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Baba">Ali Baba</a>, with a role as the treasure cave that opens with the <a href="/wiki/Magic_word" title="Magic word">magic words</a> "<a href="/wiki/Open_Sesame_(phrase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Sesame (phrase)">open sesame</a>" and closes off with "close sesame", respectively. For the filming of an episode of the television series <i>Küçük Ağa</i> (English: "Little Agha"), historic <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescos</a> on the cave walls were scratched off and removed, and some of them were painted over with <a href="/wiki/Exit_signs" class="mw-redirect" title="Exit signs">exit signs</a>. During the filming of the <a href="/wiki/Science-fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Science-fiction">science-fiction</a> movie <i>Yorr’un Öyküsü</i> (English: "The Story of Yorr"), a large pool was built inside the cave, which was then detonated by explosives according to the scenario. The cave also became a setting for the television comedy series <i><a href="/wiki/Leyla_ile_Mecnun" class="mw-redirect" title="Leyla ile Mecnun">Leyla ile Mecnun</a></i> produced by the state-owned <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">Turkish Radio and Television Corporation</a> (TRT), in which fire was set to depict hell. The filming of some episodes of the television series <i><a href="/wiki/Muhte%C5%9Fem_Y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="Muhteşem Yüzyıl">Muhteşem Yüzyıl</a></i> (English: "The Magnificent Century"), a prime-time historical <a href="/wiki/Soap_opera" title="Soap opera">soap opera</a>, inside the cave without proper permission allegedly caused damage to the cave.<sup id="cite_ref-tz1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tz1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)" title="Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)">Ministry of Culture and Tourism</a> filed a complaint against the producers.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ag_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-af_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hdn1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hdn1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ah6_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah6-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-r1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A group of local politicians inspected the cave in February 2015, and reported that the cave's protection is still neglected despite its importance and status.<sup id="cite_ref-ah1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ah1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_K%C3%BC%C3%A7%C3%BCk%C3%A7ekmece" title="Lake Küçükçekmece">Lake Küçükçekmece</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz_Cave&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-um-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-um_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-um_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-um_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-um_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-um_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarrand,_William_R.Jill_P._McMahon" class="citation journal cs1">Farrand, William R.; Jill P. McMahon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/34951/3_ftp.pdf?sequence=1">"History of the Sedimentary Infilling of Yarimburgaz Cave, Turkey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Sedimentary+Infilling+of+Yarimburgaz+Cave%2C+Turkey&rft.au=Farrand%2C+William+R.&rft.au=Jill+P.+McMahon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeepblue.lib.umich.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2027.42%2F34951%2F3_ftp.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYar%C4%B1mburgaz+Cave" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tp-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tp_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tayproject.org/TAYmaster.fm$Retrieve?YerlesmeNo=2826&html=masterengdetail.html&layout=web">"The Archaeological Settlements of Turkey - TAY Project - Yarimburgaz Magarasi"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Archaeological+Settlements+of+Turkey+-+TAY+Project+-+Yarimburgaz+Magarasi&rft.pub=TAY+Project&rft.date=2000-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftayproject.org%2FTAYmaster.fm%24Retrieve%3FYerlesmeNo%3D2826%26html%3Dmasterengdetail.html%26layout%3Dweb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYar%C4%B1mburgaz+Cave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bb_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bb_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bb_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.basaksehir.bel.tr/icerik/100/yarimburgaz-magaralari?open=16">"Yarımburgaz Mağaraları"</a> (in Turkish). Başakşehir Belediyesi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yar%C4%B1mburgaz+Ma%C4%9Faralar%C4%B1&rft.pub=Ba%C5%9Fak%C5%9Fehir+Belediyesi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.basaksehir.bel.tr%2Ficerik%2F100%2Fyarimburgaz-magaralari%3Fopen%3D16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYar%C4%B1mburgaz+Cave" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ah1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ah1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arkeolojihaber.net/2015/02/03/400-bin-yillik-yarimburgaz-magaralari-harabeye-donmus/">"400 Bin Yıllık Yarımburgaz Mağaraları Harabeye Dönmüş!"</a>. <i>Arkeoloji Haber</i> (in Turkish). 2015-02-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="/wiki/Template:Caves_of_Turkey" title="Template:Caves of Turkey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caves_of_Turkey" title="Template talk:Caves of Turkey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caves_of_Turkey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caves of Turkey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caves_in_Turkey,_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Turkey" title="List of caves in Turkey">Caves in Turkey</a>, by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegean Region">Aegean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aslanl%C4%B1_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aslanlı Cave (page does not exist)">Aslanlı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ncirliin_Cave" title="İncirliin Cave">İncirliin Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nkaya_Cave" title="İnkaya Cave">İnkaya Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaca_Cave,_Ayd%C4%B1n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaca Cave, Aydın (page does not exist)">Karaca Cave, Aydın</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Zeus,_Ayd%C4%B1n" title="Cave of Zeus, Aydın">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Sea_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Sea Region">Black Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball%C4%B1ca_Cave" title="Ballıca Cave">Ballıca Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cehennema%C4%9Fz%C4%B1_Caves" title="Cehennemağzı Caves">Cehennemağzı Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumayan%C4%B1_Cave" title="Cumayanı Cave">Cumayanı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%87al_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Çal Cave (page does not exist)">Çal Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C4%B1rk%C3%B6y_Cave" title="Çayırköy Cave">Çayırköy Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%C4%9Fl%C4%B1_Kuylucu_Cave" title="Dağlı Kuylucu Cave">Dağlı Kuylucu Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Er%C3%A7ek_Cave" title="Erçek Cave">Erçek Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kg%C3%B6l_Cave" title="Gökgöl Cave">Gökgöl Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%BCrc%C3%BColuk_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gürcüoluk Cave (page does not exist)">Gürcüoluk Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilgarini_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilgarini Cave (page does not exist)">Ilgarini Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il%C4%B1ksu_Cave" title="Ilıksu Cave">Ilıksu Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0na%C4%9Fz%C4%B1_Cave" title="İnağzı Cave">İnağzı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nalt%C4%B1_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnaltı Cave (page does not exist)">İnaltı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1lelma_Cave" title="Kızılelma Cave">Kızılelma Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaca_Cave" title="Karaca Cave">Karaca Cave, Gümüşhane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mencilis_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mencilis Cave (page does not exist)">Mencilis Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofular_Cave" title="Sofular Cave">Sofular Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Anatolia Region">Central Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balatini_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balatini Cave (page does not exist)">Balatini Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_D%C3%BCden_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Büyük Düden Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Büyük Düden Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derebucak_%C3%87aml%C4%B1k_Caves" class="mw-redirect" title="Derebucak Çamlık Caves">Derebucak Çamlık Caves</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCdena%C4%9Fz%C4%B1_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düdenağzı Cave (page does not exist)">Düdenağzı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCdenyayla_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düdenyayla Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Düdenyayla Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6r%C3%BCkini_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Körükini Cave (page does not exist)">Körükini Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuzgun_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuzgun Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Kuzgun Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subata%C4%9F%C4%B1_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subatağı Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Subatağı Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T%C4%B1naztepe_Cave_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tınaztepe Cave System (page does not exist)">Tınaztepe Cave System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Anatolia_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Anatolia Region">Eastern Anatolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buzluk_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buzluk Cave (page does not exist)">Buzluk Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marmara_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmara Region">Marmara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayvaini_Cave" title="Ayvaini Cave">Ayvaini Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dupnisa_Cave" title="Dupnisa Cave">Dupnisa Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oylat_Cave" title="Oylat Cave">Oylat Cave</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Yarımburgaz Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenesu_Cave" title="Yenesu Cave">Yenesu Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltal%C4%B1%C4%B1n_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltalıın Cave (page does not exist)">Baltalıın Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nkaya_Cave_(Bal%C4%B1kesir)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnkaya Cave (Balıkesir) (page does not exist)">İnkaya Cave (Balıkesir)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region,_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region, Turkey">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alt%C4%B1nbe%C5%9Fik_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Altınbeşik Cave (page does not exist)">Altınbeşik Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhayat_sinkhole" title="Akhayat sinkhole">Akhayat sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C4%B1lar_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlılar Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Atlılar Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cennet_and_Cehennem" title="Cennet and Cehennem">Cennet and Cehennem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ukurp%C4%B1nar_Cave" title="Çukurpınar Cave">Çukurpınar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damlata%C5%9F_Cave" title="Damlataş Cave">Damlataş Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egma_Sinkhole" title="Egma Sinkhole">Egma Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshab-%C4%B1_Kehf_Cave" title="Eshab-ı Kehf Cave">Eshab-ı Kehf Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilindire_Cave" title="Gilindire Cave">Gilindire Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%B0nilti_Pazar%C4%B1%E2%80%93Yaylac%C4%B1k_Cave_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="İnilti Pazarı–Yaylacık Cave System (page does not exist)">İnilti Pazarı–Yaylacık Cave System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0nsuyu_Cave" title="İnsuyu Cave">İnsuyu Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanl%C4%B1divane" title="Kanlıdivane">Kanlıdivane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karain_Cave" title="Karain Cave">Karain Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kocain_Cave" title="Kocain Cave">Kocain Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuyukule_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuyukule Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Kuyukule Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maraspoli_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maraspoli Cave (page does not exist)">Maraspoli Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimara_Cave" title="Nimara Cave">Nimara Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C4%B1narg%C3%B6z%C3%BC_Cave" title="Pınargözü Cave">Pınargözü Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCtl%C3%BCk_Sinkhole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sütlük Sinkhole (page does not exist)">Sütlük Sinkhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilkiler_Cave" title="Tilkiler Cave">Tilkiler Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeytinta%C5%9F%C4%B1_Cave" title="Zeytintaşı Cave">Zeytintaşı Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zindan_Cave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zindan Cave (page does not exist)">Zindan Cave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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