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class="entry-date published" datetime="2011-02-16T12:31:52+02:00">16 février 2011</time><time class="updated" datetime="2011-11-08T09:39:18+02:00">8 novembre 2011</time></a></div><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://pm.hypotheses.org/124" rel="bookmark">The Archaeology of Mediterranean prehistory — Emma Blake, A. Bernard Knapp (ed.)</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em><a href="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" src="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img.jpg" alt="" width="104" height="150" srcset="https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img.jpg 104w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img-34x50.jpg 34w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img-55x80.jpg 55w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/7-blakeknapp-img-69x100.jpg 69w" sizes="(max-width: 104px) 100vw, 104px" /></a>2005, Oxford, Blackwell studies in global archaeology, Blackwell publishing, 333 p. 978-0631232681 / 0631232680</em></p> <p>La préhistoire de la Méditerranée avec un télescope, tel pourrait être le sous-titre de cet ouvrage particulièrement décevant<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a>. Il s’agit probablement d’un volume de synthèse destiné aux étudiants de premier cycle (<em>under graduated</em>) des universités anglo-saxonnes et aux lecteurs cultivés potentiellement intéressés par une synthèse nouvelle consacrée à une région de prédilection de la culture anglo-saxonne. Chichement illustré comme il se doit dans ce genre d’ouvrage (27 illustrations en tout ! dont certaines sont incompréhensibles, ex. p. 112), on cherchera en vain une carte générale de la Méditerranée, un atlas, un tableau chronologique général ; un unique index de 13 pages constitue la totalité de l’appareil éditorial<a href="#_ftn2">[2]</a>. On doit supposer que les étudiants anglo-saxons connaissent sur le bout des doigts la géographie de cette région du monde si complexe ! En revanche, les biographies des 14 contributeurs occupent 4 pages. À chacun ses priorités.</p> <p>Composé de 12 chapitres, l’ouvrage est essentiellement thématique. Le premier chapitre est une introduction à la géographie du Bassin méditerranéen et une sorte de justification de la Méditerranée comme objet d’étude. Selon les auteurs, cette vue globalisante de la Méditerranée pourrait être perçue comme un archaïsme et une illusion, à l’instar du concept occidental d’orientalisme dont E. Said a montré la contingence historique et la vacuité conceptuelle (p. 2). Bien que F. Braudel soit invoqué/évoqué/convoqué (on confie au lecteur potentiel le choix du verbe idoine) d’une manière assez peu convaincante – deux auteurs citent son travail emblématique sur <em>la Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II</em> (Braudel 1949) – peu de choses sont dites sur l’espace. Le climat, le cloisonnement des côtes, la navigabilité de la Méditerranée – ce dernier aspect est pourtant largement traité ailleurs par Seán McGrail (McGrail 2004) – l’ambiguïté du monde méditerranéen (Guilaine 1994) ne sont guère approfondis. Notons, pour bien illustrer les lacunes bibliographiques dont témoignent les chapitres de ce livre, que Jean Guilaine n’est cité qu’une fois par G. Barker pour un article mineur. <em>La mer partagée</em> livre qui demeure, quinze ans après sa publication, un bilan documentaire sans équivalent sur le sujet même dont traite l’ouvrage de Blake et Knapp n’est pas mentionné une seule fois…</p> <p>D’emblée, soulignons ce que les auteurs entendent par archéologie préhistorique de la Méditerranée. Le Paléolithique du Bassin méditerranéen n’est pas abordé. Le Mésolithique n’est mentionné dans le texte que comme substrat du Néolithique (p. 36, 49 et 50). Jamais il n’est l’objet d’une étude spécifique, bien que l’extension méditerranéenne du Mésolithique final qu’on pourrait qualifier « d’horizon castelnovien » tient une place majeure dans les questions actuelles sur la diffusion du Néolithique. L’essentiel des contributions concernent le Néolithique/Chalcolithique, mais l’âge du Bronze et l’âge du Fer sont abordés ponctuellement. Le chapitre introductif des éditeurs n’explicite aucun de ces choix, ni aucune des limites chronologiques retenues. Des axes thématiques sont identifiés, que parcourent plus ou moins les 11 chapitres thématiques (p. 9). Il s’agit de :</p> <p>– l’insularité et les interactions maritimes ;<br /> – la tradition, le changement et la question des identités ;<br /> – unité et diversité ;<br /> – patrimoine culturel en Méditerranée.</p> <p>Les thèmes abordés sont dans l’ordre : circulation et échanges ; l’agriculture et le pastoralisme ; les dynamiques des relations sociales à l’âge du Cuivre et à l’âge du Bronze ; la culture matérielle du culte, du rituel et des festins ; le genre et la mer ; la genèse du monumentalisme ; les technologies lithiques ; l’archéométallurgie ; le peuplement ; le commerce maritime à la fin de l’âge du Bronze ; les musées et le patrimoine culturel.</p> <p>Tout choix peut-être contesté, mais devant l’immensité du thème retenu par l’ouvrage, l’organisation du volume offre une certaine originalité de propos voire un renouvellement thématique. Ce n’est donc pas sur le découpage thématique et l’organisation interne du volume que porte la critique mais sur le fond scientifique. C’est-à-dire les problématiques définies et les données examinées. Deux exemples montreront aisément les lacunes rédhibitoires dont souffre cet ouvrage. Nous nous attarderons sur les chapitres 7 et 9.</p> <p><strong>Chapitre 7 : M. J. Kolb </strong><em><strong>« The genesis of monuments among the Mediterranean islands »</strong></em><strong> (p. 156-179)<br /> </strong>Ce chapitre consacré à la genèse du monumentalisme est doublement caractérisé par la confusion et la superficialité. <em>A priori</em>, comparer l’émergence des monuments à l’échelle du Bassin méditerranéen est une question intéressante, et l’auteur s’emploie à dresser des parallèles de la Crête aux Baléares, en passant par Malte et l’ensemble Corso-Sarde. Cependant, on ne peut qu’être frappé par les confusions renouvelées au gré des pages. Considérer que le monumentalisme funéraire et le monumentalisme palatial signifient la même chose relève d’une affirmation plus que douteuse et qui génère une confusion totale. On peut toujours comparer les <em>nouraghes </em>de Sardaigne au palais de Cnossos, mais comparer les temples de Malte aux <em>nouraghes </em>ainsi qu’aux<em> taulas</em> des îles Baléares n’a aucun sens. Quant aux données et à la chronologie des phénomènes, les lacunes documentaires de l’auteur sont patentes et achèvent de décrédibiliser le chapitre entier. Pour l’auteur, il ne semble pas y avoir de monuments en Sardaigne avant le développement des <em>nouraghes</em> (p. 166-168)… Lui a-t-on jamais parlé de Biriai, de Monte d’Accoddi ou de quelques autres ? Pas de monuments non plus en Corse avant l’âge du Bronze… La bibliographie mobilisée par l’auteur est sur ce point édifiante… G. Camps, A. D’Anna, J. Guilaine ne sont pas cités. L’essentiel des matériaux qu’il utilise provient d’un catalogue d’exposition publié en 1997. L’auteur sait-il que le mégalithisme corse, qui remonte au 5<sup>e</sup> millénaire av. n. è. pose de nombreuses questions ? Pour l’archipel des Baléares, les travaux de W. H. Waldren sont à peine cités… et les problèmes de datation que ces travaux soulèvent ne semblent pas susciter la moindre interrogation. L’auteur se présente comme un spécialiste de la Sicile (p. xiv) : n’y a-t-il rien en Sicile sur les sites du Bronze ancien qui relève de sa problématique ? Voire.</p> <p><strong>Chapitre 9 : V. Kassianidou et A. B. Knapp </strong><em><strong>« Archaeometallurgy in the Mediterranean: the social context of mining, technology, and trade » (p. 215-251)<br /> </strong></em>Après une introduction de quelques lignes (p. 215-216) et une sorte de prologue consacré à l’Anatolie (p. 216-218), les auteurs abordent la répartition très hétérogène des gisements de minerai autour de la Méditerranée (p. 219-230). Les rapports entre métal et sociétés sont traités dans les dernières pages (p. 230-239). La chronologie est vaste et surtout imprécise, du premier métal à l’âge du Fer ancien, comme s’il s’agissait d’un même phénomène. Rien ou presque n’est dit des méthodes d’analyse de composition du métal, cuivre en particulier, qui posent des problèmes majeurs d’interprétation… Sur ce thème classique, E. Pernicka est cité, mais E. Sangmeister n’est pas même évoqué, ni P. Ambert, ni B. Ottaway, ni S. Rovira, ni C. Strahm… Le travail de C. Domergue est ignoré ou presque, puisque son nom n’apparaît que pour une référence mineure.</p> <p>Quant à l’origine de la métallurgie du cuivre et à sa diffusion, elle fait l’objet d’une analyse technologique superficielle (p. 232-233) voire erronée. Affirmer que l’activité métallurgique génère une forte quantité d’outils et de sous produits est simplement faux pour la métallurgie des premiers millénaires. Il faut attendre les développements industriels d’un âge du Bronze avancé pour rencontrer de tels cas archéologiques. Mais les auteurs connaissent-ils la nuance entre <em>Chalcolithikum</em> et <em>Metallikum</em> introduite par C. Strahm au début des années 1990 ? En ce qui concerne la diffusion du métal, sur lequel nous allons revenir, là encore, l’indigence est complète. Même la typologie et le schéma de diffusion proposé par A. Gallay à la fin des années 1970 sont ignorés.</p> <p>Revenons sur la chronologie des foyers métallurgiques, et donc sur la diffusion de la métallurgie en Méditerranée. Constatons tout d’abord que la carte des gisements (p. 219) n’est pas à jour. Rien que sur la France et l’Italie, on cherchera en vain Al Claus, Saint-Véran, Libiola, ou même la zone de Terrina. D’après l’examen de la bibliographie, il semble que l’essentiel des références provient de Forbes 1972, de Tylecote 1987 ou de Craddock 1995. Mais les lacunes des auteurs ne font pas honneur à ces pionniers brillants. Les questions sur l’hypothèse controversée d’une très ancienne métallurgie du cuivre en Péninsule ibérique ne sont pas évoquées bien qu’une revue britannique bien connue ait publié un article à ce sujet… Alors que les auteurs évoquent l’impact de la métallurgie sur le paysage, pas un mot sur les travaux menés en Andalousie ou dans les Pyrénées. Enfin, alors que le contexte social de la métallurgie est longuement sollicité, pas un mot sur l’homme du glacier du Similaun et de son extraordinaire hache en cuivre de la fin du 4<sup>e</sup> millénaire av. notre ère.</p> <p>On épargnera donc au lecteur le reste des chapitres. Remarquons toutefois celui obsolète de Robb et Farr sur les « <em>substances in motion </em>» en leur reconnaissant tout de même un sens certain du titre. Le mélange de lectures anthropologiques et archéologiques est ici bien peu convainquant. Evoquer le/la Kula décrite par Malinowski (1989) dans le contexte de la préhistoire récente de la Méditerranée relève de la superstition ou de la poudre aux yeux. Qui s’attaquera à une véritable analyse anthropologique des systèmes de circulations de matières et d’objets au Néolithique ? La réponse n’est pas dans les lignes de ce livre. En tout cas, les exemples retenus par les auteurs (silex de la Defensola et obsidienne de Méditerranée) sont particulièrement mal choisis. Les dimensions de la minière de la Defensola soulignent à quel point nous connaissons mal le tout début du Néolithique, celui des céramiques imprimées. Quant à l’obsidienne, l’explosion des données en Méditerranée occidentale depuis les travaux majeurs de R. Tykot et de quelques autres ne nous permet plus d’accepter des généralités, surtout lorsqu’elles sont éronnées. Non, l’obsidienne n’est pas une matière comme les autres, elle n’est nullement « paradigmatique » des techniques néolithiques (p. 35). L’obsidienne est une matière insolite au statut bien particulier qui accompagne le Néolithique dans la totalité du bassin méditerranéen pour un dessein que nous ignorons.</p> <p>Quant au chapitre pour le moins surprenant de Talalay « <em>the gendered sea </em>», on s’interroge sur le but fixé par l’auteur, la méthode utilisée et les données mobilisées.</p> <p>La conclusion s’impose, voici un livre à déconseiller et à oublier au plus vite.</p> <p><em>Références citées<br /> </em>Braudel F. 1949 : L<em>a Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II</em>, Paris, A. Colin<br /> Guilaine J. 1994 : <em>La mer partagée. La Méditerranée avant l’écriture.</em> Paris, Hachette.<br /> Malinowski B. 1989 : <em>Les argonautes du Pacifique occidental.</em> Paris, Gallimard, (1<sup>e</sup> édition 1922).<br /> McGrail S. 2004 : <em>Boats of the World: From the Stone Age to Medieval Times.</em> Oxford, Oxford University Press.</p> <p>Maxence Bailly – <em>Maître de Conférence, LAMPEA – UMR 6636 – Université de Provence, Aix-en-Provence</em></p> <hr size="1" /> <p><a href="#_ftnref1">[1]</a>Est-il utile de publier la recension de cet ouvrage publié en 2005 ? Oui, et ceci pour deux raisons. D’abord parce que le thème de cet ouvrage est identique à celui de notre revue. Ensuite parce que la volonté des auteurs et des éditeurs de mettre à disposition des lecteurs une sorte de manuel, concerne un lectorat vaste, alors que cet ouvrage n’a pas fait l’objet, à notre connaissance, d’une analyse critique fine.</p> <p><a href="#_ftnref2">[2]</a> Seul G. Barker, dans le chapitre 3 qu’il a rédigé, offre au lecteur une carte complète de la Méditerranée pour localiser les sites qu’il mentionne (p. 48).</p> <p style="color: #e7172c"><strong>pdf</strong> : <a href="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2011/02/CPréhméd1-2010_BlakeKnapp.pdf">CPréhméd1*-2010_Blake&Knapp</a></p> <div class="wp-about-author-containter-top" style="background-color:#FFEAA8;"><div class="wp-about-author-pic"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d8f237084a4adf043d1ef9cc547eabe?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d8f237084a4adf043d1ef9cc547eabe?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' /></div><div class="wp-about-author-text" style="margin-left:140px"><h3><a href='https://pm.hypotheses.org/author/renault' title='renault'>renault</a></h3><p></p><p><a href='https://pm.hypotheses.org/author/renault' title='More posts by renault'>More Posts</a> </p></div></div> </div> </article> <article id="post-125" class="post-125 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-recensions tag-alpes tag-archeometrie tag-biogeochimie-biotopique tag-biologie-humaine tag-cuivre tag-genetique tag-metallurgie tag-otzi tag-similaun"> <header class="entry-header"> <div class="entry-meta"><span class="screen-reader-text">Publié le</span> <a href="https://pm.hypotheses.org/125" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2010-08-30T14:28:27+02:00">30 août 2010</time><time class="updated" datetime="2011-11-08T09:41:00+02:00">8 novembre 2011</time></a></div><h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://pm.hypotheses.org/125" rel="bookmark">Die Gletschermumie aus der Kupferzeit 2. La mummia dell’età del rame 2 — Angelika Fleckinger (dir.)</a></h2> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em><a href="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-126" src="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2.jpg" alt="" width="95" height="125" srcset="https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2.jpg 95w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2-38x50.jpg 38w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2-60x80.jpg 60w, https://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/RecensionOtzi-2-76x100.jpg 76w" sizes="(max-width: 95px) 100vw, 95px" /></a>Neue Forschungsergebnisse zum Mann aus dem Eis – Nuove ricerche sull’Uomo venuto dal ghiaccio. Vienne/Bozen, Folio verlag/südtiroler archäologiemuseum, (Schriften des Südtitoler Archäologiemuseums, 3 / Collana del Museo Archeologico dell’alto Adige, 3), 135 p. 26,50 € . ISBN : 3-85256-244-X / 88-86857-41-1 </em><a href="http://www.folioverlag.com/"><em>http://www.folioverlag.com</em></a></p> <p>Le Musée Archéologique du Haut-Adige, à Bolzano, conserve et présente au public depuis 1998 la momie du glacier du Similaun –Ötzi ou Iceman– découverte et récupérée à plus de 3200 m d’altitude dans les Alpes de l’Ötztal en septembre 1991.</p> <p>Presque vingt ans après sa découverte, cette momie est devenue non seulement une sorte d’icône pour la Préhistoire alpine, mais aussi un champ d’investigations scientifique complet (archéométrie, biologie humaine, biogéochimie isotopique, génétique des populations, etc.) sans équivalent dans le monde. Quatre volumes publiés par <em>Springer verlag</em> (le premier dès 1992), ainsi que des dizaines d’articles scientifiques font l’état d’une extraordinaire moisson de résultats. Outre la dispersion des données, il faut convenir que certaines méthodologies et certaines disciplines peuvent s’avérer opaques aux préhistoriens. Le Musée de Bolzano publie, dans le troisième volume de sa collection de monographies, le second volume d’études consacrées à la momie du glacier (1). L’ouvrage est élégant, d’une maquette agréable qui accueille une iconographie abondante en couleur. Douze articles rédigés en allemand, en anglais ainsi qu’un en italien, constituent la matière de ce volume de 135 pages. Notons que les articles sont dotés de deux résumés dans les langues différentes de celle du texte. Malheureusement, la rédaction des légendes des illustrations n’est pas multilingue. Nous ne détaillerons pas les articles un à un, mais on peut dresser un court inventaire thématique : archéométallurgie cristallographique de la hache de cuivre (Artioli <em>et al.</em>) ; archéologie expérimentale de la cape végétale (Barth) ; écologie et répartition géographique des mousses végétales en association avec la momie (Dickson) ; dispositif muséal de conservation de la momie (Egarter Vigl) ; interprétation archéologique du mobilier métallique de la momie (Gleirscher) ; analyse de la découverte de la flèche dans le corps de la momie (Gostner et Egarter Vigl) ; analyse archéologique des chaussures (Malhotra) ; indices de mobilité géographique et analyse isotopique (Müller, McCulloch, Fricke, Halliday) ; taphonomie récente de la momie dans le glacier (Oeggl) ; processus de momification décrit par l’ADN bactérien (Rollo) ; distribution corporelle des tatouages (Sjøvold) ; microbiologie des organismes saprophytes actifs sur le corps momifiée (Tiefenbrunner).</p> <p>La plupart des contributions revêtent un intérêt qui concerne l’ensemble des néolithiciens, soit parce qu’elles délivrent des informations totalement nouvelles sur le Néolithique – le rapport à l’espace qu’entretient un individu du Néolithique au cours de son existence par exemple – soit parce qu’elle met en œuvre des méthodes rares ou nouvelles dont l’application à d’autres découverte est possible. Relevons quelques exemples qui ne couvrent pas l’ensemble des contributions rassemblées.</p> <p>Les mousses végétales (bryophytes) sont des indicateurs écologiques précis que connaissent et exploitent les botanistes et les phytosociologues. Leur intérêt à déjà été utilisé en Préhistoire, par exemple pour cerner l’approvisionnement du matériau de calfatage des parois de maison sur le site de la station 3 de Chalain. L’étude présentée ici par J. H. Dickson, se fonde sur un relevé floristique actuel des mousses végétales du piémont alpin méridional. Ce relevé, comparé aux spécimens retrouvés sur la momie, permet de contribuer de manière originale à la reconnaissance des parcours effectués par Ötzi peu avant sa mort.</p> <p>Un bilan de la découverte, abondamment évoquée, d’une armature de flèche au niveau de la ceinture scapulaire de la momie fait l’objet d’un article de huit pages (p. 57-64) illustré d’images tomographiques et photographiques. L’essentiel était déjà publié par les mêmes auteurs dans une revue à plus large diffusion (Gostner et Egarter Vigl 2002).</p> <p>Les études isotopiques se multiplient depuis quelques années. L’étude présentée ici (Müller <em>et al.</em>) examine des sections fines réalisés sur les dents de la momie. Comparées à la géologie locale, ces analyses isotopiques (Plomb, Uranium, Strontium) autorisent une définition assez précise du territoire parcouru par cet individu. Mais loin de s’arrêter aux dernières années vécues par le sujet, la structure dentaire offre une approche biographique inédite – de l’enfance au décès – que l’on peut comparer aux résultats observés sur le squelette ou les intestins (p. 80-85).</p> <p>Un court article (Oeggl, p. 91-100) établit un bilan intéressant de ce que l’on peut désigner comme les phénomènes post-dépositionnels qui se sont déroulés entre le décès d’Ötzi et sa prise dans la glace. Son séjour dans de l’eau liquide pendant plusieurs mois est à l’origine de phénomènes taphonomiques (momification) et archéologiques (démantèlement de l’équipement, déplacement des objets et de quelques éléments du corps) particuliers qui sont ici recensés et cartographiés.</p> <p>Les tatouages d’Ötzi, qui ont fait l’objet de beaucoup de digressions, sont présentés d’une manière systématique avec une série de clichés infra-rouges. Il s’agit, à notre connaissance de la première présentation aussi exhaustive (Sjøvold).</p> <p>Voici donc un rapide aperçu d’un volume élégant, utile – puisqu’il donne un aperçu de nombreuses recherches très spécialisées et d’accès difficile – pour un prix assez réduit.</p> <p>Références citées :</p> <ul> <li>Gostner P., Egarter Vigl E., – Report of radiological-forensic findings on the Iceman. Journal of Archaeological Science, 29, 3, p. 323-326.</li> <li>Samadelli M. (ed.) 2006 : <em>The Chalcolithic mummy. In search of immortality. </em>Vienne/Bozen, Folio verlag/südtiroler archäologiemuseum, (Schriften des Südtitoler Archäologiemuseums, 4 / Collana del Museo Archeologico dell’alto Adige, 4), 175 p.</li> <li>Südtiroler Archäologiemuseum 1999 : <em>Die Gletschermumie aus der Kupferzeit. Neue Forschungsberichte zum Mann aus dem Eis.</em> Vienne/Bozen, Folio verlag/südtiroler archäologiemuseum, (Schriften des Südtitoler Archäologiemuseums, 1 / Collana del Museo Archeologico dell’alto Adige, 1), 125 p.</li> </ul> <p>Notes :</p> <p>(1) Nous ne présentons pas ici une recension des deux autres volumes publiés par le Musée de Bolzano. Le premier volume (Südtiroler Archäologiemuseum 1999) est constitué des actes d’un colloque qui s’est tenu au moment de l’inauguration du Musée. Il nous semble aujourd’hui obsolète. Le troisième volume (Samadelli 2006) est consacré principalement à la description du dispositif unique au monde de conservation de la momie. Il ne nous apparaît pas utile de le commenter ici.</p> <p><em>Maxence Bailly – <em>Maître de Conférence, LAMPEA – UMR 6636 – Université de Provence, Aix-en-Provence</em></em></p> <p style="color: #e7172c"><strong>pdf</strong> : <a href="http://pm.hypotheses.org/files/2010/08/CPréhméd1-2010_Fleckinger2.pdf">CPréhméd1*-2010_Fleckinger(2)</a></p> <div class="wp-about-author-containter-top" style="background-color:#FFEAA8;"><div class="wp-about-author-pic"><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d8f237084a4adf043d1ef9cc547eabe?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4d8f237084a4adf043d1ef9cc547eabe?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' /></div><div class="wp-about-author-text" style="margin-left:140px"><h3><a href='https://pm.hypotheses.org/author/renault' title='renault'>renault</a></h3><p></p><p><a href='https://pm.hypotheses.org/author/renault' title='More posts by renault'>More Posts</a> </p></div></div> </div> </article> </main> </div> <aside id="secondary" class="widget-area" aria-label="Colonne latérale du blog"> <section id="search-1" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://pm.hypotheses.org/"> <label for="search-form-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Recherche pour : </span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-1" class="search-field" placeholder="Recherche…" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"><svg class="icon icon-search" aria-hidden="true" role="img"> <use href="#icon-search" xlink:href="#icon-search"></use> </svg><span class="screen-reader-text"> Recherche </span></button> </form> </section><section id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget">L’équipe de rédaction de la revue "Préhistoires méditerranéennes" ouvre un espace d’informations scientifiques "Les Chroniques de Préhméd". 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