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lenght</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: packing lenght"> <meta name="keywords" content="packing lenght"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="packing lenght"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 140</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: packing lenght</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">80</span> A New Tactical Optimization Model for Bioenergy Supply Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Birome%20Holo%20Ba">Birome Holo Ba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Prins"> Christian Prins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Prodhon"> Caroline Prodhon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Optimization is an important aspect of logistics management. It can reduce significantly logistics costs and also be a good tool for decision support. In this paper, we address a planning problem specific to biomass supply chain. We propose a new mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model dealing with different feed stock production operations such as harvesting, packing, storage, pre-processing and transportation, with the objective of minimizing the total logistic cost of the system on a regional basis. It determines the optimal number of harvesting machine, the fleet size of trucks for transportation and the amount of each type of biomass harvested, stored and pre-processed in each period to satisfy demands of refineries in each period. We illustrate the effectiveness of the proposal model with a numerical example, a case study in Aube (France department), which gives preliminary and interesting, results on a small test case. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomass%20logistics" title="biomass logistics">biomass logistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain" title=" supply chain"> supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling" title=" modelling"> modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioenergy" title=" bioenergy"> bioenergy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuels" title=" biofuels"> biofuels</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16004/a-new-tactical-optimization-model-for-bioenergy-supply-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">514</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">79</span> Strong Down-Conversion Emission of Sm3+ Doped Borotellurite Glass under the 480nm Excitation Wavelength</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20S.%20Nasuha">M. R. S. Nasuha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Azman"> K. Azman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Azhan"> H. Azhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Senawi"> S. A. Senawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Mardhiah"> A. Mardhiah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on Samarium doped glasses possess lot of interest due to their potential applications for high-density optical memory, optical communication device, the design of laser and color display etc. Sm3+ doped borotellurite glasses of the system (70-x) TeO2-20B2O3-10ZnO-xSm2O3 (where x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%) have been prepared using melt-quenching method. Their physical properties such as density, molar volume and oxygen packing density as well as the optical measurements by mean of their absorption and emission characteristic have been carried out at room temperature using UV/VIS and photoluminescence spectrophotometer. The results of physical properties are found to vary with respect to Sm3+ ions content. Meanwhile, three strong absorption peaks are observed and are well resolved in the ultra violet and visible regions due to transitions between the ground state and various excited state of Sm3+ ions. Thus, the photoluminescence spectra exhibit four emission bands from the initial state, which correspond to the 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2, 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 and 4G5/2 → 6H11/2 fluorescence transitions at 562 nm, 599 nm, 645 nm and 706 nm respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption" title="absorption">absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=borotellurite" title=" borotellurite"> borotellurite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=down-conversion" title=" down-conversion"> down-conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission" title=" emission"> emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36596/strong-down-conversion-emission-of-sm3-doped-borotellurite-glass-under-the-480nm-excitation-wavelength" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36596.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">684</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">78</span> Simulation of Acoustic Properties of Borate and Tellurite Glasses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Gaafar">M. S. Gaafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Y.%20Marzouk"> S. Y. Marzouk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20S.%20Mahmoud"> I. S. Mahmoud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Al-Zobaidi"> S. Al-Zobaidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Makishima and Mackenzie model was used to simulation of acoustic properties (longitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities, elastic moduli theoretically for many tellurite and borate glasses. The model was proposed mainly depending on the values of the experimentally measured density, which are obtained before. In this search work, we are trying to obtain the values of densities of amorphous glasses (as the density depends on the geometry of the network structure of these glasses). In addition, the problem of simulating the slope of linear regression between the experimentally determined bulk modulus and the product of packing density and experimental Young's modulus, were solved in this search work. The results showed good agreement between the experimentally measured values of densities and both ultrasonic wave velocities, and those theoretically determined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glasses" title="glasses">glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20wave%20velocities" title=" ultrasonic wave velocities"> ultrasonic wave velocities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elastic%20modulus" title=" elastic modulus"> elastic modulus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makishima%20%26%20Mackenzie%20Model" title=" Makishima & Mackenzie Model"> Makishima & Mackenzie Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43461/simulation-of-acoustic-properties-of-borate-and-tellurite-glasses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> Inherent Relation Between Atomic-Level Stresses and Nanoscale Spatial Heterogeneity in a Rejuvenated Bulk Metallic Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Samavatian">Majid Samavatian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Gholamipour"> Reza Gholamipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vahid%20Samavatian"> Vahid Samavatian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study addresses the role of rejuvenation on the fluctuation of atomic-level stresses and nanoscale topological heterogeneity in ZrCuNiAl bulk metallic glass (BMG). Based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) results, the rejuvenation process leads to an increase in nanoscale spatial heterogeneity manifested by the intensification of the local viscoelastic response of the BMG nanostructure. It means that the rejuvenation process induces more loose-packing structures which behave towards an external load in a viscoelastic way. Hence, it is suggested that the alteration of such heterogeneity may be attributed to the variation of positional atomic rearrangement during the evolution of structural rejuvenation. On the other side, the synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate that the rejuvenation intensifies the variation of internal stresses at the atomic level. This conclusion unfolds that the increase of atomic-level stresses during rejuvenation induces structural disordering and nanoscale heterogeneity in the amorphous material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bulk%20metallic%20glass" title="bulk metallic glass">bulk metallic glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterogeneity" title=" heterogeneity"> heterogeneity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rejuvenation" title=" rejuvenation"> rejuvenation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121311/inherent-relation-between-atomic-level-stresses-and-nanoscale-spatial-heterogeneity-in-a-rejuvenated-bulk-metallic-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121311.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Study of Laser Induced Damage Threshold in HfO₂/SiO₂ Multilayer Films after β-Ray Irradiation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meihua%20Fang">Meihua Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tao%20Fei"> Tao Fei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Post-processing can effectively improve the resistance to laser damage in multilayer films used in a high power laser system. In this work, HfO₂/SiO₂ multilayer films are prepared by e-beam evaporation and then β-ray irradiation is employed as the post-processing method. The particle irradiation affects the laser induced damage threshold (LIDT), which includes defects, surface roughness, packing density, and residual stress. The residual stress that is relaxed during irradiation changes from compressive stress into tensile stress. Our results indicate that appropriate tensile stress can improve LIDT remarkably. In view of the fact that LIDT rises from 8 J/cm² to 12 J/cm², i.e., 50% increase, after the film has been irradiated by 2.2×10¹³/cm² β-ray, the particle irradiation can be used as a controllable and desirable post-processing method to improve the resistance to laser induced damage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-ray%20irradiation" title="β-ray irradiation">β-ray irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilayer%20film" title=" multilayer film"> multilayer film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser-induced%20damage%20threshold" title=" laser-induced damage threshold"> laser-induced damage threshold</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112875/study-of-laser-induced-damage-threshold-in-hfo2sio2-multilayer-films-after-v-ray-irradiation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112875.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">153</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> 3D Linear and Cyclic Homo-Peptide Crystals Forged by Supramolecular Swelling Self-Assembly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenliang%20Song">Wenliang Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhang"> Yu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Jin"> Hua Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Il%20Kim"> Il Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The self-assembly of the polypeptide (PP) into well-defined structures at different length scales is both biomimetic relevant and fundamentally interesting. Although there are various reports of nanostructures fabricated by the self-assembly of various PPs, directed self-assembly of PP into three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical structure has proven to be difficult, despite their importance for biological applications. Herein, an efficient method has been developed through living polymerization of phenylalanine N-Carboxy anhydride (NCA) towards the linear and cyclic polyphenylalanine, and the new invented swelling methodology can form diverse hierarchical polypeptide crystals. The solvent-dependent self-assembly behaviors of these homopolymers were characterized by high-resolution imaging tools such as atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope. The linear and cyclic polypeptide formed 3D nano hierarchical shapes, such as a sphere, cubic, stratiform and hexagonal star in different solvents. Notably, a crystalline packing model was proposed to explain the formation of 3D nanostructures based on the various diffraction patterns, looking forward to give an insight for their dissimilar shape inflection during the self-assembly process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembly" title="self-assembly">self-assembly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypeptide" title=" polypeptide"> polypeptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-polymer" title=" bio-polymer"> bio-polymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20polymer" title=" crystalline polymer"> crystalline polymer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75722/3d-linear-and-cyclic-homo-peptide-crystals-forged-by-supramolecular-swelling-self-assembly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75722.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Aging Time Effect of 58s Microstructure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nattawipa%20Pakasri">Nattawipa Pakasri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 58S (60SiO2-36CaO-4P2O5), three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses (3DOM-BGs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method using dual templating methods. non-ionic surfactant Brij56 used as templates component produced mesoporous and the spherical PMMA colloidal crystals as one template component yielded either three-dimensionally ordered microporous products or shaped bioactive glass nanoparticles. The bioactive glass with aging step for 12 h at room temperature, no structure transformation occurred and the 3DOM structure was produced (Figure a) due to no shrinkage process between the aging step. After 48 h time of o 3DOM structure remained and, nanocube with ∼120 nm edge lengths and nanosphere particle with ∼50 nm was obtained (Figure c, d). PMMA packing templates have octahedral and tetrahedral holes to make 2 final shapes of 3DOM-BGs which is rounded and cubic, respectively. The ageing time change from 12h, 24h and 48h affected to the thickness of interconnecting macropores network. The wall thickness was gradually decrease after increase aging time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-dimensionally%20ordered%20macroporous%20bioactive%20glasses" title="three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses">three-dimensionally ordered macroporous bioactive glasses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel%20method" title=" sol-gel method"> sol-gel method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20glass" title=" bioactive glass"> bioactive glass</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121415/aging-time-effect-of-58s-microstructure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> The Influence of the Form of Grain on the Mechanical Behaviour of Sand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Boualem%20Salah">Mohamed Boualem Salah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The size and shape of soil particles reflect the formation history of the grains. In turn, the macro scale behavior of the soil mass results from particle level interactions which are affected by particle shape. Sphericity, roundness and smoothness characterize different scales associated to particle shape. New experimental data and data from previously published studies are gathered into two databases to explore the effects of particle shape on packing as well as small and large-strain properties of sandy soils. Data analysis shows that increased particle irregularity (angularity and/or eccentricity) leads to: an increase in emax and emin, a decrease in stiffness yet with increased sensitivity to the state of stress, an increase in compressibility under zero-lateral strain loading, and an increase in critical state friction angle φcs and intercept Γ with a weak effect on slope λ. Therefore, particle shape emerges as a significant soil index property that needs to be properly characterized and documented, particularly in clean sands and gravels. The systematic assessment of particle shape will lead to a better understanding of sand behavior. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=angularity" title="angularity">angularity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentricity" title=" eccentricity"> eccentricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shape%20%20particle" title=" shape particle"> shape particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20of%20soil" title=" behavior of soil"> behavior of soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17611/the-influence-of-the-form-of-grain-on-the-mechanical-behaviour-of-sand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17611.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> X-Ray Crystallographic, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Docking Study of Phthalyl Sulfacetamide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20M.%20Tailor">Sanjay M. Tailor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urmila%20H.%20Patel"> Urmila H. Patel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phthalyl Sulfacetamide belongs to well-known member of antimicrobial sulfonamide family. It is a potent antitumor drug. Structural characteristics of 4-amino-N-(2quinoxalinyl) benzene-sulfonamides (Phthalyl Sulfacetamide), C14H12N4O2S has been studied by method of X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a= 7.9841 Ǻ, b= 12.8208 Ǻ, c= 16.6607 Ǻ, α= 90˚, β= 93.23˚, γ= 90˚and Z=4. The X-ray based three-dimensional structure analysis has been carried out by direct methods and refined to an R-value of 0.0419. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular N-H…N, N-H…O and π-π interactions. The Hirshfeld surfaces and consequently the fingerprint analysis have been performed to study the nature of interactions and their quantitative contributions towards the crystal packing. An analysis of Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots facilitates a comparison of intermolecular interactions, which are the key elements in building different supramolecular architectures. Docking is used for virtual screening for the prediction of the strongest binders based on various scoring functions. Docking studies are carried out on Phthalyl Sulfacetamide for better activity, which is important for the development of a new class of inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phthalyl%20sulfacetamide" title="phthalyl sulfacetamide">phthalyl sulfacetamide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20structure" title=" crystal structure"> crystal structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hirshfeld%20surface%20analysis" title=" hirshfeld surface analysis"> hirshfeld surface analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docking" title=" docking"> docking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39800/x-ray-crystallographic-hirshfeld-surface-analysis-and-docking-study-of-phthalyl-sulfacetamide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Effect of Packaging Treatment and Storage Condition on Stability of Low Fat Chicken Burger</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ahmed%20Kenawi%20Abdallah">Mohamed Ahmed Kenawi Abdallah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical composition, cooking loss, shrinkage value, texture coefficient indices, Feder value, microbial examination, and sensory evaluation were done in order to examine the effect of adding 15% germinated quinoa seeds flour as extender to chicken wings meat to produce low fat chicken burger, packaged in two different packing materials and stored frozen for nine months. The data indicated reduction in the moisture content, crude either extract, and increase in the ash content, pH value, and total acidity for the samples extended by quinoa flour compared with the control one. The data showed that the extended samples with quinoa flour had the lowest values of TBA, cooking loss, and shrinkage value compared with the control ones. The data also revealed that, the sample contained quinoa flour had total bacterial count and psychrophilic bacterial count lower than the control sample. In addition, it has higher evaluation values for overall acceptability than the control one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chicken%20wings" title="chicken wings">chicken wings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20fat%20chicken%20burger" title=" low fat chicken burger"> low fat chicken burger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quinoa%20flour" title=" quinoa flour"> quinoa flour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vacuum%20packaging." title=" vacuum packaging."> vacuum packaging.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154828/effect-of-packaging-treatment-and-storage-condition-on-stability-of-low-fat-chicken-burger" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Cellulose Nanocrystals Suspensions as Water-Based Lubricants for Slurry Pump Gland Seals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Javad%20Shariatzadeh">Mohammad Javad Shariatzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dana%20Grecov"> Dana Grecov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tribological tests were performed on a new tribometer, in order to measure the coefficient of friction of a gland seal packing material on stainless steel shafts in presence of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC) suspension as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, water-based lubricant. To simulate the real situation from the slurry pumps, silica sands were used as slurry particles. The surface profiles after tests were measured by interferometer microscope to characterize the surface wear. Moreover, the coefficient of friction and surface wear were measured between stainless steel shaft and chrome steel ball to investigate the tribological effects of CNC in boundary lubrication region. Alignment of nanoparticles in the CNC suspensions are the main reason for friction and wear reduction. The homogeneous concentrated suspensions showed fingerprint patterns of a chiral nematic liquid crystal. These properties made CNC a very good lubricant additive in water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gland%20seal" title="gland seal">gland seal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubricant%20additives" title=" lubricant additives"> lubricant additives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title=" nanocrystalline cellulose"> nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water-based%20lubricants" title=" water-based lubricants"> water-based lubricants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87517/cellulose-nanocrystals-suspensions-as-water-based-lubricants-for-slurry-pump-gland-seals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87517.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">185</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Stripping of Flavour-Active Compounds from Aqueous Food Streams: Effect of Liquid Matrix on Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium in a Beer-Like Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Ammari">Ali Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Schroen"> Karin Schroen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In brewing industries, stripping is a downstream process to separate volatiles from beer. Due to physiochemical similarities between flavour components, the selectivity of this method is not favourable. Besides, the presence of non-volatile compounds such as proteins and carbohydrates may affect the separation of flavours due to their retaining properties. By using a stripping column with structured packing coupled with a gas chromatography, in this work, the overall mass transfer coefficient along with their corresponding equilibrium data was investigated for a model solution consist of water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. Static headspace analysis also was employed to derive equilibrium data for flavours in the presence of beer dry matter. As it was expected ethanol and dry matter showed retention properties; however, the effect of viscosity in mass transfer coefficient was discarded due to the fact that the viscosity of solution decreased during stripping. The effect of ethanol and beer dry matter were mapped to be used for designing stripping could. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavour" title="flavour">flavour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headspace" title=" headspace"> headspace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henry%E2%80%99s%20coefficient" title=" Henry’s coefficient"> Henry’s coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" mass transfer coefficient"> mass transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stripping" title=" stripping"> stripping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80348/stripping-of-flavour-active-compounds-from-aqueous-food-streams-effect-of-liquid-matrix-on-vapour-liquid-equilibrium-in-a-beer-like-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> A New Approach towards the Development of Next Generation CNC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusri%20Yusof">Yusri Yusof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Latif"> Kamran Latif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Computer Numeric Control (CNC) machine has been widely used in the industries since its inception. Currently, in CNC technology has been used for various operations like milling, drilling, packing and welding etc. with the rapid growth in the manufacturing world the demand of flexibility in the CNC machines has rapidly increased. Previously, the commercial CNC failed to provide flexibility because its structure was of closed nature that does not provide access to the inner features of CNC. Also CNC’s operating ISO data interface model was found to be limited. Therefore, to overcome that problem, Open Architecture Control (OAC) technology and STEP-NC data interface model are introduced. At present the Personal Computer (PC) has been the best platform for the development of open-CNC systems. In this paper, both ISO data interface model interpretation, its verification and execution has been highlighted with the introduction of the new techniques. The proposed is composed of ISO data interpretation, 3D simulation and machine motion control modules. The system is tested on an old 3 axis CNC milling machine. The results are found to be satisfactory in performance. This implementation has successfully enabled sustainable manufacturing environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNC" title="CNC">CNC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%206983" title=" ISO 6983"> ISO 6983</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ISO%2014649" title=" ISO 14649"> ISO 14649</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LabVIEW" title=" LabVIEW"> LabVIEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20architecture%20control" title=" open architecture control"> open architecture control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconfigurable%20manufacturing%20systems" title=" reconfigurable manufacturing systems"> reconfigurable manufacturing systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20manufacturing" title=" sustainable manufacturing"> sustainable manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soft-CNC" title=" Soft-CNC"> Soft-CNC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28745/a-new-approach-towards-the-development-of-next-generation-cnc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">516</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Photocatalytic Packed‐Bed Flow Reactor for Continuous Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Release from Liquid Organic Carriers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malek%20Y.%20S.%20Ibrahim">Malek Y. S. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeffrey%20A.%20Bennett"> Jeffrey A. Bennett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Abolhasani"> Milad Abolhasani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite the potential of hydrogen (H2) storage in liquid organic carriers to achieve carbon neutrality, the energy required for H2 release and the cost of catalyst recycling has hindered its large-scale adoption. In response, a photo flow reactor packed with rhodium (Rh)/titania (TiO2) photocatalyst was reported for the continuous and selective acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline to H2 gas and quinoline under visible light irradiation at room temperature. The tradeoff between the reactor pressure drop and its photocatalytic surface area was resolved by selective in-situ photodeposition of Rh in the photo flow reactor post-packing on the outer surface of the TiO2 microparticles available to photon flux, thereby reducing the optimal Rh loading by 10 times compared to a batch reactor, while facilitating catalyst reuse and regeneration. An example of using quinoline as a hydrogen acceptor to lower the energy of the hydrogen production step was demonstrated via the water-gas shift reaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20storage" title="hydrogen storage">hydrogen storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20chemistry" title=" flow chemistry"> flow chemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20hydrogen" title=" solar hydrogen"> solar hydrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154600/photocatalytic-packedbed-flow-reactor-for-continuous-roomtemperature-hydrogen-release-from-liquid-organic-carriers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">98</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> The Conceptual Design Model of an Automated Supermarket</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Sathya%20Narayanan">V. Sathya Narayanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Sidharth"> P. Sidharth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20R.%20Sanal%20Kumar"> V. R. Sanal Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The success of any retail business is predisposed by its swift response and its knack in understanding the constraints and the requirements of customers. In this paper a conceptual design model of an automated customer-friendly supermarket has been proposed. In this model a 10-sided, space benefited, regular polygon shaped gravity shelves have been designed for goods storage and effective customer-specific algorithms have been built-in for quick automatic delivery of the randomly listed goods. The algorithm is developed with two main objectives, viz., delivery time and priority. For meeting these objectives the randomly listed items are reorganized according to the critical-path of the robotic arm specific to the identified shop and its layout and the items are categorized according to the demand, shape, size, similarity and nature of the product for an efficient pick-up, packing and delivery process. We conjectured that the proposed automated supermarket model reduces business operating costs with much customer satisfaction warranting a win-win situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20supermarket" title="automated supermarket">automated supermarket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20shopping" title=" electronic shopping"> electronic shopping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polygon-shaped%20rack" title=" polygon-shaped rack"> polygon-shaped rack</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shortest%20path%20algorithm%20for%20shopping" title=" shortest path algorithm for shopping"> shortest path algorithm for shopping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16802/the-conceptual-design-model-of-an-automated-supermarket" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16802.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Calibrations and Effect of Different Operating Conditions on the Performance of a Fluid Power Control System with Servo Solenoid Valve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahany%20W.%20Sadak">Tahany W. Sadak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fouly"> Fouly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Anwer"> A. Anwer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rizk"> M. Rizk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current investigation presents a study on the hydraulic performance of an electro-hydraulic servo solenoid valve controlled linear piston used in hydraulic systems. Advanced methods have been used to measure and record laboratory experiments, to ensure accurate analysis and evaluation. Experiments have been conducted under different values of temperature (28, 40 and 50 °C), supply pressure (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 bar), system stiffness (32 N/mm), and load (0.0 & 5560 N). It is concluded that increasing temperature of hydraulic oil increases the quantity of flow rate, so it achieves an increase of the quantity of flow by 5.75 % up to 48.8 % depending on operating conditions. The values of pressure decay at low temperature are less than the values at high temperature. The frequency increases with the increase of the temperature. When we connect the springs to the system, it decreases system frequency. These results are very useful in the process of packing and manufacturing of fluid products, where the properties are not affected by 50 °C, so energy and time are saved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-hydraulic%20servo%20valve" title="electro-hydraulic servo valve">electro-hydraulic servo valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20power%20control%20system" title=" fluid power control system"> fluid power control system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20stiffness" title=" system stiffness"> system stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20and%20dynamic%20performance" title=" static and dynamic performance"> static and dynamic performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98470/calibrations-and-effect-of-different-operating-conditions-on-the-performance-of-a-fluid-power-control-system-with-servo-solenoid-valve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98470.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification in Suspended Activated Sludge Process Augmented with Immobilized Biomass: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haon-Yao%20Chen">Haon-Yao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Fang%20Lin"> Cheng-Fang Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Kwan%20Andy%20Hong"> Pui-Kwan Andy Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping-Yi%20Yang"> Ping-Yi Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kok%20Kwang%20Ng"> Kok Kwang Ng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheng-Fu%20Yang"> Sheng-Fu Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) are a natural phenomenon in the soil environment that can be applied in wastewater treatment. At a domestic wastewater treatment plant, we performed a pilot test of installing bioplates with entrapped biomass into a conventional aeration basin for SND, and investigated the effects of bioplate packing ratio, hydraulic retention time, dissolved oxygen level, on/off aeration mode, and supplemental carbon and alkalinity on nitrogen removal. With the pilot aeration basin of 1.3 m3 loaded with mixed liquor suspended solids of 1500-2500 mg/L and bioplates at PR of 3.2% (3.2% basin volume) operated at HRT of 6 h and DO of 4-6 mg/L without supplemental carbon or alkalinity, nitrogen in the wastewater was removed to an effluent total nitrogen (TN) of 7.3 mg/L from an influent TN of 28 mg/L. The bioplate robust cellulose triacetate structure carrying the biomass shows promise in retrofitting conventional aeration basins for enhanced nutrient removal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immobilization" title="immobilization">immobilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrification%2Fdenitrification" title=" nitrification/denitrification"> nitrification/denitrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20removal" title=" nutrient removal"> nutrient removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20nitrogen" title=" total nitrogen"> total nitrogen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35051/simultaneous-nitrification-and-denitrification-in-suspended-activated-sludge-process-augmented-with-immobilized-biomass-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">648</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> Modeling Sustainable Truck Rental Operations Using Closed-Loop Supply Chain Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20S.%20Abdallah">Khaled S. Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdel-Aziz%20M.%20Mohamed"> Abdel-Aziz M. Mohamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moving industries consume numerous resources and dispose masses of used packaging materials. Proper sorting, recycling and disposing the packaging materials is necessary to avoid a sever pollution disaster. This research paper presents a conceptual model to propose sustainable truck rental operations instead of the regular one. An optimization model was developed to select the locations of truck rental centers, collection sites, maintenance and repair sites, and identify the rental fees to be charged for all routes that maximize the total closed supply chain profits. Fixed costs of vehicle purchasing, costs of constructing collection centers and repair centers, as well as the fixed costs paid to use disposal and recycling centers are considered. Operating costs include the truck maintenance, repair costs as well as the cost of recycling and disposing the packing materials, and the costs of relocating the truck are presented in the model. A mixed integer model is developed followed by a simulation model to examine the factors affecting the operation of the model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling" title="modeling">modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=truck%20rental" title=" truck rental"> truck rental</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chains%20management." title=" supply chains management."> supply chains management.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73185/modeling-sustainable-truck-rental-operations-using-closed-loop-supply-chain-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73185.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">228</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Simple and Scalable Thermal-Assisted Bar-Coating Process for Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication in Open Atmosphere</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizachew%20Belay%20Adugna">Gizachew Belay Adugna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) shows rapid development as an emerging photovoltaic material; however, the fast device degradation due to the organic nature, mainly hole transporting material (HTM) and lack of robust and reliable upscaling process for photovoltaic module hindered its commercialization. Herein, HTM molecules with/without fluorine-substituted cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene derivatives (HYC-oF, HYC-mF, and HYC-H) were developed for PSCs application. The fluorinated HTM molecules exhibited better hole mobility and overall charge extraction in the devices mainly due to strong molecular interaction and packing in the film. Thus, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.64% with improved long stability was achieved for PSCs based on HYC-oF HTM. Moreover, the fluorinated HYC-oF demonstrated excellent film processability in a larger-area substrate (10 cm×10 cm) prepared sequentially with the absorption perovskite underlayer via a scalable bar coating process in ambient air and owned a higher PCE of 18.49% compared to the conventional spiro-OMeTAD (17.51%). The result demonstrates a facile development of HTM towards stable and efficient PSCs for future industrial-scale PV modules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perovskite%20solar%20cells" title="perovskite solar cells">perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upscaling%20film%20coating" title=" upscaling film coating"> upscaling film coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20conversion%20efficiency" title=" power conversion efficiency"> power conversion efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution%20processing" title=" solution processing"> solution processing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172881/simple-and-scalable-thermal-assisted-bar-coating-process-for-perovskite-solar-cell-fabrication-in-open-atmosphere" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Further Study of Mechanism of Contrasting Charge Transport Properties for Phenyl and Thienyl Substituent Organic Semiconductors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanan%20Zhu">Yanan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the previous work about the influence mechanism of the mobility difference of phenyl and thienyl substituent semiconductors, we have made further exploration towards to design high-performance organic thin-film transistors. The substituent groups effect plays a significant role in materials properties and device performance as well. For the theoretical study, simulation of materials property and crystal packing can supply scientific guidance for materials synthesis in experiments. This time, we have taken the computational methods to design a new material substituent with furan groups, which are the potential to be used in organic thin-film transistors and organic single-crystal transistors. The reorganization energy has been calculated and much lower than 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPAnt), which performs large mobility as more than 30 cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹. Moreover, the other important parameter, charge transfer integral is larger than DPAnt, which suggested the furan substituent material may get a much better charge transport data. On the whole, the mechanism investigation based on phenyl and thienyl assisted in designing novel materials with furan substituent, which is predicted to be an outperformed organic field-effect transistors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theoretical%20calculation" title="theoretical calculation">theoretical calculation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism" title=" mechanism"> mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobility" title=" mobility"> mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20transistors" title=" organic transistors"> organic transistors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112760/further-study-of-mechanism-of-contrasting-charge-transport-properties-for-phenyl-and-thienyl-substituent-organic-semiconductors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Pressure Drop Study in Moving and Stationary Beds with Lateral Gas Injection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinci%20Mojamdar">Vinci Mojamdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Govind%20S.%20Gupta"> Govind S. Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Moving beds in the presence of gas flow are widely used in metallurgical and chemical industries like blast furnaces, catalyst reforming, drying, etc. Pressure drop studies in co- and counter – current conditions have been done by a few researchers. However, to the best of authours knowledge, proper pressure drop study with lateral gas injection lacks especially in the presence of cavity and nozzle protrusion inside the packed bed. The latter study is more useful for metallurgical industries for the processes such as blast furnaces, shaft reduction and, COREX. In this experimental work, a two dimensional cold model with slot type nozzle for lateral gas injection along with the plastic beads as packing material and dry air as gas have been used. The variation of pressure drop is recorded at various horizontal and vertical directions in the presence of cavity and nozzle protrusion. The study has been performed in both moving and stationary beds. Also, the experiments have been carried out in both increasing as well as decreasing gas flow conditions. Experiments have been performed at various gas flow rates and packed bed heights. Some interesting results have been reported such as there is no pressure variation in the moving bed for both the increasing and decreasing gas flow condition that is different from the stationary bed. Pressure hysteresis loop has been observed in a stationary bed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lateral%20gas%20injection" title="lateral gas injection">lateral gas injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20bed" title=" moving bed"> moving bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20drop" title=" pressure drop"> pressure drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20hysteresis" title=" pressure hysteresis"> pressure hysteresis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20bed" title=" stationary bed"> stationary bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78931/pressure-drop-study-in-moving-and-stationary-beds-with-lateral-gas-injection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Improvement of Water Distillation Plant by Using Statistical Process Control System </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Kriri">Qasim Kriri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harsh%20B.%20Desai"> Harsh B. Desai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water supply and sanitation in Saudi Arabia is portrayed by difficulties and accomplishments. One of the fundamental difficulties is water shortage. With a specific end goal to beat water shortage, significant ventures have been attempted in sea water desalination, water circulation, sewerage, and wastewater treatment. The motivation behind Statistical Process Control (SPC) is to decide whether the execution of a procedure is keeping up an acceptable quality level [AQL]. SPC is an analytical decision-making method. A fundamental apparatus in the SPC is the Control Charts, which follow the inconstancy in the estimations of the item quality attributes. By utilizing the suitable outline, administration can decide whether changes should be made with a specific end goal to keep the procedure in charge. The two most important quality factors in the distilled water which were taken into consideration were pH (Potential of Hydrogen) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). There were three stages at which the quality checks were done. The stages were as follows: (1) Water at the source, (2) water after chemical treatment & (3) water which is sent for packing. The upper specification limit, central limit and lower specification limit are taken as per Saudi water standards. The procedure capacity to accomplish the particulars set for the quality attributes of Berain water Factory chose to be focused by the proposed SPC system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceptable%20quality%20level" title="acceptable quality level">acceptable quality level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20quality%20control" title=" statistical quality control"> statistical quality control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20charts" title=" control charts"> control charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=process%20charts" title=" process charts"> process charts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86102/improvement-of-water-distillation-plant-by-using-statistical-process-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86102.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Studies on Pesticide Usage Pattern and Farmers Knowledge on Pesticide Usage and Technologies in Open Field and Poly House Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Raghu">B. Raghu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashi%20Vemuri"> Shashi Vemuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ch.%20Sreenivasa%20Rao"> Ch. Sreenivasa Rao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The survey on pesticide use pattern was carried out by interviewing farmers growing chill in open fields and poly houses based on the questionnaire prepared to assess their knowledge and practices on crop cultivation, general awareness on pesticide recommendations and use. Education levels of poly house farmers are high compared to open field farmers, where 57.14% poly house farmers are high school educated, whereas 35% open field farmers are illiterates. Majority farmers use nursery of 35 days and grow in <0.5 acre poly house in summer and rabi and < 1 acre in open field during kharif. Awareness on pesticide related issues is varying among poly house and open field farmers with some commonality, where 28.57% poly house farmers know about recommended pesticides while only 10% open field farmers are aware of this issue. However, in general, all farmers contact pesticide dealer for recommendations, poly house farmers prefer to contact scientists (35.71%) and open field farmers prefer to contact agricultural officers (33.33). Most farmers are unaware about pesticide classification and toxicity symbols on packing. Farmers are aware about endosulfan ban, but only 21.42% poly house and 11.66% open field farmers know about ban of monocrotofos on vegetables. Very few farmers know about pesticide residues and related issues, but know washing helps to reduce contamination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20field" title="open field">open field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticide%20usage" title=" pesticide usage"> pesticide usage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyhouses" title=" polyhouses"> polyhouses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residues%20survey" title=" residues survey"> residues survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21476/studies-on-pesticide-usage-pattern-and-farmers-knowledge-on-pesticide-usage-and-technologies-in-open-field-and-poly-house-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> The Algorithm to Solve the Extend General Malfatti’s Problem in a Convex Circular Triangle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Shoei%20Chiang">Ching-Shoei Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Malfatti’s Problem solves the problem of fitting 3 circles into a right triangle such that these 3 circles are tangent to each other, and each circle is also tangent to a pair of the triangle’s sides. This problem has been extended to any triangle (called general Malfatti’s Problem). Furthermore, the problem has been extended to have 1+2+…+n circles inside the triangle with special tangency properties among circles and triangle sides; we call it extended general Malfatti’s problem. In the extended general Malfatti’s problem, call it Tri(Tn), where Tn is the triangle number, there are closed-form solutions for Tri(T₁) (inscribed circle) problem and Tri(T₂) (3 Malfatti’s circles) problem. These problems become more complex when n is greater than 2. In solving Tri(Tn) problem, n>2, algorithms have been proposed to solve these problems numerically. With a similar idea, this paper proposed an algorithm to find the radii of circles with the same tangency properties. Instead of the boundary of the triangle being a straight line, we use a convex circular arc as the boundary and try to find Tn circles inside this convex circular triangle with the same tangency properties among circles and boundary Carc. We call these problems the Carc(Tn) problems. The CPU time it takes for Carc(T16) problem, which finds 136 circles inside a convex circular triangle with specified tangency properties, is less than one second. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circle%20packing" title="circle packing">circle packing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-aided%20geometric%20design" title=" computer-aided geometric design"> computer-aided geometric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20constraint%20solver" title=" geometric constraint solver"> geometric constraint solver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malfatti%E2%80%99s%20problem" title=" Malfatti’s problem"> Malfatti’s problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165851/the-algorithm-to-solve-the-extend-general-malfattis-problem-in-a-convex-circular-triangle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> The Malfatti’s Problem in Reuleaux Triangle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ching-Shoei%20Chiang">Ching-Shoei Chiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Malfatti’s Problem is to ask for fitting 3 circles into a right triangle such that they are tangent to each other, and each circle is also tangent to a pair of the triangle’s side. This problem has been extended to any triangle (called general Malfatti’s Problem). Furthermore, the problem has been extended to have 1+2+…+n circles, we call it extended general Malfatti’s problem, these circles whose tangency graph, using the center of circles as vertices and the edge connect two circles center if these two circles tangent to each other, has the structure as Pascal’s triangle, and the exterior circles of these circles tangent to three sides of the triangle. In the extended general Malfatti’s problem, there are closed-form solutions for n=1, 2, and the problem becomes complex when n is greater than 2. In solving extended general Malfatti’s problem (n>2), we initially give values to the radii of all circles. From the tangency graph and current radii, we can compute angle value between two vectors. These vectors are from the center of the circle to the tangency points with surrounding elements, and these surrounding elements can be the boundary of the triangle or other circles. For each circle C, there are vectors from its center c to its tangency point with its neighbors (count clockwise) pi, i=0, 1,2,..,n. We add all angles between cpi to cp(i+1) mod (n+1), i=0,1,..,n, call it sumangle(C) for circle C. Using sumangle(C), we can reduce/enlarge the radii for all circles in next iteration, until sumangle(C) is equal to 2πfor all circles. With a similar idea, this paper proposed an algorithm to find the radii of circles whose tangency has the structure of Pascal’s triangle, and the exterior circles of these circles are tangent to the unit Realeaux Triangle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malfatti%E2%80%99s%20problem" title="Malfatti’s problem">Malfatti’s problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20constraint%20solver" title=" geometric constraint solver"> geometric constraint solver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-aided%20geometric%20design" title=" computer-aided geometric design"> computer-aided geometric design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circle%20packing" title=" circle packing"> circle packing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20visualization" title=" data visualization"> data visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148477/the-malfattis-problem-in-reuleaux-triangle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Wettability Behavior of Organic Silane Molecules with Different Alkyl-Chain Length Coated Si Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takahiro%20Ishizaki">Takahiro Ishizaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shutaro%20Hisada"> Shutaro Hisada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oi%20Lun%20Li"> Oi Lun Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Control of surface wettability is very important in various industrial fields. Thus, contact angle hysteresis which is defined as the difference between advancing and receding water contact angles has been paid attention because the surface having low contact angle hysteresis can control wetting behavior of water droplet. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed using organic silane molecules has been used to control surface wettability, in particular, static contact angles, however, the effect of alkyl-chain length in organic silane molecules on the contact angle hysteresis has not yet clarified. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of alkyl-chain length (C1-C18) in organic silane molecules on the contact angle hysteresis. SAMs were formed on Si wafer by thermal CVD method using silane coupling agents having different alkyl-chain length. The static water contact angles increased with an increase in the alkyl-chain length. On the other hand, although the water contact angle hysteresis tended to decrease with an increase in the alkyl-chain length, in case of the alkyl-chain length of more than C16 the contact angle hysteresis increased. This could be due to the decrease in the molecular mobility because of the increase in the molecular packing density in chemisorbed silane molecules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkyl-chain%20length" title="alkyl-chain length">alkyl-chain length</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assembled%20monolayer" title=" self-assembled monolayer"> self-assembled monolayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silane%20coupling%20agent" title=" silane coupling agent"> silane coupling agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20wettability" title=" surface wettability"> surface wettability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68943/wettability-behavior-of-organic-silane-molecules-with-different-alkyl-chain-length-coated-si-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68943.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Layer by Layer Coating of Zinc Oxide/Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposite on Ceramic Support for Solvent/Solvent Separation Using Pervaporation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20A.%20Nabeela%20Nasreen">S. A. A. Nabeela Nasreen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sundarrajan"> S. Sundarrajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Syed%20Nizar"> S. A. Syed Nizar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seeram%20Ramakrishna"> Seeram Ramakrishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest due to its diverse pore size tunability, fascinating topologies and extensive uses in fields such as catalysis, membrane separation, chemical sensing, etc. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a class of MOF with porous crystals containing extended three-dimensional structures of tetrahedral metal ions (e.g., Zn) bridged by Imidazolate (Im). Selected ZIFs are used to separate solvent/solvent mixtures. A layer by layer formation of the nanocomposite of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZIF on a ceramic support using a solvothermal method was engaged and tested for target solvent/solvent separation. Metal oxide layer was characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM to confirm the smooth and continuous coating for the separation process. The chemical composition of ZIF films was studied by using X-Ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The obtained ceramic tube with metal oxide and ZIF layer coating were tested for its packing density, thickness, distribution of seed layers and variation of permeation rate of solvent mixture (isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Pervaporation technique was used for the separation to achieve a high permeation rate with separation ratio of > 99.5% of the solvent mixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide" title="metal oxide">metal oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvothermal" title=" solvothermal"> solvothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZIF" title=" ZIF"> ZIF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97314/layer-by-layer-coating-of-zinc-oxidemetal-organic-framework-nanocomposite-on-ceramic-support-for-solventsolvent-separation-using-pervaporation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> Damage to Strawberries Caused by Simulated Transport</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20La%20Scalia">G. La Scalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Enea"> M. Enea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Micale"> R. Micale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Corona"> O. Corona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Settanni"> L. Settanni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality and condition of perishable products delivered to the market and their subsequent selling prices are directly affected by the care taken during harvesting and handling. Mechanical injury, in fact, occurs at all stages, from pre-harvest operations through post-harvest handling, packing and transport to the market. The main implications of this damage are the reduction of the product’s quality and economical losses related to the shelf life diminution. For most perishable products, the shelf life is relatively short and it is typically dictated by microbial growth related to the application of dynamic and static loads during transportation. This paper presents the correlation between vibration levels and microbiological growth on strawberries and woodland strawberries and detects the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in order to develop an intelligent logistic unit capable of monitoring VOCs using a specific sensor system. Fresh fruits were exposed to vibrations by means of a vibrating table in a temperature-controlled environment. Microbiological analyses were conducted on samples, taken at different positions along the column of the crates. The values obtained were compared with control samples not exposed to vibrations and the results show that different positions along the column influence the development of bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiological%20analysis" title="microbiological analysis">microbiological analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shelf%20life" title=" shelf life"> shelf life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20damage" title=" transport damage"> transport damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatile%20organic%20compounds" title=" volatile organic compounds"> volatile organic compounds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20284/damage-to-strawberries-caused-by-simulated-transport" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Determination of in Situ Degradation Kinetics of Some Legumes Waste Unused for Human Consumption </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eevket%20Evci">Şevket Evci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Akif%20Karsli"> Mehmet Akif Karsli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to determine nutrient contents, in situ ruminal degradation kinetics and protein fractions of screenings bean (B), chick pea (ChP), red lentil (RL) and green lentil (GL) that is used as residue in grain legume packing industry. For this purpose, four samples of each legumes species-a total of 16 samples, collected from different parts of our country were utilized. Feedstuffs used in the experiment were incubated for 0, 2 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours in the rumen of 3 ruminally cannulated Akkaraman rams as duplicate. The nutrient contents, in situ ruminal dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) degradabilities and fractions, and escape protein contents were evaluated. The highest OM and CP contents were observed in RL (P<0.05). Chick pea had the highest ether extract (EE) content and EE values were 3.47, 6.72, 2.26, 8.66 % for RL, B, GL and ChP, respectively (P<0.05). Crude fiber (CF), ADF, and NDF contents were the highest in RL and the lowest in ChP. CF values were 24.03, 10.80, 4.09 and 3.57 % for RL, GL, B and ChP (P<0.05). Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content of samples did not differ. Escape protein content was the highest in RL and the lowest in B (P<0.05). After 48 h incubation, the lowest OM and CP degradabilities were observed in RL. While the highest OM degradability was seen in ChP the highest CP degradability was observed in B (P<0.05). The lowest water soluble OM and CP contents were observed in RL whereas the highest potentially degradable OM and CP contents were seen in B and ChP (P<0.05). Both rate of OM and CP degradations (k-1) did not differ among samples (P>0.05). In conclusion, it was noted that feedstuffs (GL, ChP and B) used in the experiment except RL had a greater ruminal degradibilities of both OM and CP and moreover, had a higher escape protein contents, except B. It was thought that these feedstuffs can be substituted with some of common protein sources used in animal nutrition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20situ" title="in situ">in situ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrient%20contents" title=" nutrient contents"> nutrient contents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruminant" title=" ruminant"> ruminant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsieve" title=" subsieve"> subsieve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31554/determination-of-in-situ-degradation-kinetics-of-some-legumes-waste-unused-for-human-consumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">481</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Behavior of Pet Packaging on Quality Characteristics of an Algerian Virgin Olive Oil Under Various Conditions of Storage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamitri-Guerfi%20Fatiha">Hamitri-Guerfi Fatiha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mekimene%20Lekhder"> Mekimene Lekhder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madani%20Khodir"> Madani Khodir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Youyou%20Ahcene"> Youyou Ahcene </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virgin olive oil is appreciated by consumers, the quality of the oil is regulated by the international olive oil council depends on its chemical composition, so, the correct packing conditions are a prerequisite to preserve oil color, flavor, and nutriments, from production to consumption. The contact of food with various materials of packaging, since the production, until their consumption constitutes one of the essential aspects of food safety (directive 76/833/CEE). In Algeria, plastic bottles, although, they are economic and light are largely used at packaging olive oil but not used in other countries. This is due to migration phenomena that can occur from these materials. Thus, the goal of this work is to examine the physicochemical behavior of the couple packaging plastic-oil during their exposure to three temperatures corresponding to the conditions of storage applied in Algeria. Like, it is difficult to compare blowers of bottles which are heavy engineering, it comes out from this study that the effect of heat, the absorption of water, the constraints of storage of acidity, as well as the composition of oil, the PET bottles showed a remarkable structural instability, this defect of quality was confirmed by the analysis of morphology by electronic scan microscopy. These bottles present a total migration significantly higher than the threshold of acceptance. Moreover, a metal contamination of oil by its packaging was confirmed by the spectroscopy of atomic absorption and a microanalysis. The differences observed between the results of the microanalysis applied and the mechanical characterizations of the various bottles are reported, showing the reality of the container-contents exchanges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction" title="interaction">interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pet" title=" pet"> pet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virgin%20olive%20oil" title=" virgin olive oil"> virgin olive oil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34480/behavior-of-pet-packaging-on-quality-characteristics-of-an-algerian-virgin-olive-oil-under-various-conditions-of-storage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">460</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght&page=2" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">3</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=packing%20lenght&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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