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<article class="node node--type-overview node--view-mode-full main-content-wrapper"> <div class="node__content main-content"> <div class="field field--name-field-main-content field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--layout-component paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--masthead paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="component banner mb-0 mt-n2 mt-md-n3" style="background-image: url('/sites/default/files/2022-03/2017_post-eclipse_banner.jpg'); background-size: cover; background-position: top; "> <div class="banner-gradient d-flex align-items-end pb-2 pb-md-5"> <div class="container-lg"> <h1>Observing and Modeling the Sun-Earth System</h1> <a class="btn btn-outline-light" href="/about/hao-mission-and-vision"> What We Do </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockhao-events-block-6" id="block-views-block-hao-events-block-6"> <h2 class="mb-md-2">Upcoming Events</h2> <div><div class="hao-event-hp view view-hao-events view-id-hao_events view-display-id-block_6 js-view-dom-id-e5ccfada758b0779937de6fffa90fa8fec9cffe9cb953fb43f4b481a48fffc1c"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="hao-event-entry views-row"><div class="hao_event_title"><span class="hao_event_type">Colloquium</span>: <a href="/cme-cme-interaction-mechanics-radial-evolution-and-amplification-geo-effectiveness-mirage" hreflang="en">CME-CME Interaction: Mechanics, Radial Evolution, and Amplification of Geo-effectiveness (MIRAGE)</a> - Mar 5, 2025 to Mar 5, 2925 </div> </div> <div class="hao-event-entry views-row"><div class="hao_event_title"><span class="hao_event_type">Colloquium</span>: <a href="/flare-onset-secrets-variable-emission-cool-plasma" hreflang="en">Flare 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href="/news/news-article/holly-gilbert-awarded-2025-irene-gonzalez-hernandez-prize" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-01/Gilbert-headshot-small.jpg?itok=x7OmLmvO" width="432" height="480" alt="Holly Gilbert portrait from SPD announcement" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/news-article/holly-gilbert-awarded-2025-irene-gonzalez-hernandez-prize" hreflang="en">Holly Gilbert awarded the 2025 Irene Gonz谩lez Hern谩ndez Prize</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2025-01-15T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Jan 15, 2025</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p>HAO is proud to announce that our director, Holly Gilbert, is the recipient of the 2025 Irene Gonz谩lez Hern谩ndez Prize. As quoted from the SPD website announcement..."<span>The Irene Gonz谩lez Hern谩ndez Prize, established in 2024, celebrates mid-career scientists for transformative contributions to solar research, leadership, and community service." Congratulations Holly!</span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div><div class="card h-100"> <figure class="card__image"> <a href="/news/news-article/cutting-edge-spin4d-project-combines-ai-and-astronomy" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Rempel_SPin4D%20model%20workflow.jpg?itok=QFd5Bmhr" width="480" height="207" alt="SPin4D model workflow" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/news-article/cutting-edge-spin4d-project-combines-ai-and-astronomy" hreflang="en">Cutting-edge SPIn4D project combines AI and Astronomy</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2024-11-26T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Nov 26, 2024</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p><strong>Matthias Rempel</strong>, et al. combine cutting-edge solar astronomy with advanced computer science to analyze data from the world鈥檚 largest ground-based solar telescope located atop Haleakal膩, Maui. See featured story from the <a href="https://www.hawaii.edu/news/2024/11/25/researchers-decode-suns-secrets/">University of Hawai驶i News</a>. The team鈥檚 research recently published in <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ad865b">Astrophysical Journal</a> focuses on their development of deep learning models that rapidly analyze vast amounts of data from the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div><div class="card h-100"> <figure class="card__image"> <a href="/news/news-article/magnetohydrodynamic-mechanism-formation-solar-polar-vortices" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/Dikpati_Evolving_polar_vortex.png?itok=RllQdahZ" width="480" height="252" alt="Simulation of an evolving polar vortex" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/news-article/magnetohydrodynamic-mechanism-formation-solar-polar-vortices" hreflang="en">A Magnetohydrodynamic Mechanism for the Formation of Solar Polar Vortices</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2024-11-13T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Nov 13, 2024</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p>HAO scientist <strong>Mausumi Dikpati</strong>'s recent significant publication entitled "A Magnetohydrodynamic Mechanism for the Formation of Solar Polar Vortices" is highlighted by <a href="https://news.ucar.edu/132996/swirling-polar-vortices-likely-exist-sun-new-research-finds">NSF-NCAR news website</a>. Dikpati and her co-authors report the first magnetohydrodynamic nonlinear simulations for the formation and evolution of solar polar vortices using a near-surface magnetohydrodynamic shallow-water model. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="more-link"><a href="/news">More News >></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-element-container block block-views block-views-blockarticle-view-block-2" id="block-views-block-article-view-block-2"> <h2 class="mb-md-2">Latest Research Highlights</h2> <div><div class="col-12 component view view-article-view view-id-article_view view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-32fa4c6d3c977df00b4102b967b48b91c61662f8347d183981a4aa2371e70e31"> <div class="view-content"> <div><div class="card h-100"> <figure class="card__image"> <a href="/news/publication-highlight/evaluating-f107-and-f30-radio-fluxes-long-term-solar-proxies-energy" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2025-02/LiyingQianGraphic.jpg?itok=k18CQfcY" width="403" height="480" alt="Averaged mass density" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/publication-highlight/evaluating-f107-and-f30-radio-fluxes-long-term-solar-proxies-energy" hreflang="en">Evaluating F10.7 and F30 radio fluxes as long-term solar proxies of energy deposition in the thermosphere</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2025-02-25T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Feb 25, 2025</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p><strong>Liying Qian</strong>, and Kalevi Mursula use model simulations and observations to examine how well the F10.7 and F30 solar radio fluxes have represented solar forcing in the thermosphere during the last 60 years of weakening solar activity. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div><div class="card h-100"> <figure class="card__image"> <a href="/news/publication-highlight/study-nested-rings-cme-structure-observed-wispr-imager-onboard-parker" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-06/Gibson_CMEanalysis.jpg?itok=PwNGbIbL" width="480" height="250" alt="CME analysis" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/publication-highlight/study-nested-rings-cme-structure-observed-wispr-imager-onboard-parker" hreflang="en">A Study on the Nested Rings CME Structure Observed by the WISPR Imager Onboard Parker Solar Probe</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2025-02-11T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Feb 11, 2025</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p>Published: December 2024.<strong> Sarah Gibson</strong>, et al. present an analysis of a CME and its interior structure observed during the seventh solar encounter of the Parker Solar Probe, utilizing the data from its Wide-Field Imager for Solar PRobe (WISPR) heliospheric imager. They observe a complex CME structure consisting of non-concentric nested rings, which we argue is a signature of the embedded helical magnetic flux rope (MFR) of the CME.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <div><div class="card h-100"> <figure class="card__image"> <a href="/news/publication-highlight/evolution-amplitude-and-longitude-phase-tachocline-rossby-waves" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Dikpati_RW-penetration.png?itok=F1KfWk9b" width="480" height="294" alt="Rosby Wave penetration" class="image-style-large img-fluid" /> </a> </figure> <div class="card-body"> <h3 class="card-title"><a href="/news/publication-highlight/evolution-amplitude-and-longitude-phase-tachocline-rossby-waves" hreflang="en">Evolution Of Amplitude And Longitude Phase Of Tachocline Rossby Waves Diffusing To The Photosphere</a></h3> <div class="card-date"><time datetime="2025-02-11T12:00:00Z" class="datetime">Feb 11, 2025</time> </div> <div class="card__summary"> <div class="clearfix"><p>Published: 05 November 2024. <strong>Mausumi Dikpati</strong>, <strong>Peter A Gilman</strong>, Breno Raphaldini, Scott W McIntosh improve on the 2020 MHD Rossby wave model to include a hydrodynamic turbulent convection zone (CZ). This new approach enabled them to examine how MHD Rossby waves generated in the tachocline might diffuse upward through the CZ to the solar surface.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="more-link"><a href="/publication-highlights">More Highlights >></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div class="org-footer d-print-none"> <div class="container-lg py-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-12 col-md-5 py-2"> <div class="accordion" id="accordionNCAR"> <div id="ncarHeader" class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h3 class="text-light pb-mb-2">NCAR</h3> <button class="btn text-light px-2 collapsed" href="#ncarCollapseMenu" id="ncarCollapseButton" aria-label="NCAR Organization" data-bs-toggle="collapse" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="ncarCollapseMenu"></button> </div> <div id="ncarCollapseMenu" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="ncarHeader" data-parent="#accordionNCAR"> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://ncar.ucar.edu">NCAR Homepage</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/">ACOM | Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.cgd.ucar.edu/">CGD | Climate & Global Dynamics</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.cisl.ucar.edu">CISL | Computational & Information Systems</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://edec.ucar.edu/">EdEC | Education, Engagement & Early-Career Development</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.eol.ucar.edu/">EOL | Earth Observing Laboratory</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www2.hao.ucar.edu/">HAO | High Altitude Observatory</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.mmm.ucar.edu/">MMM | Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorology</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://ral.ucar.edu/">RAL | Research Applications Laboratory</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md py-2"> <div class="accordion" id="accordionUCAR"> <div id="ucarHeader" class="d-flex justify-content-between"> <h3 class="text-light pb-mb-2">UCAR</h3> <button class="btn px-2 text-light collapsed" href="#ucarCollapseMenu" id="ucarCollapseButton" aria-label="UCAR Organization" data-bs-toggle="collapse" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="ucarCollapseMenu"></button> </div> <div id="ucarCollapseMenu" class="collapse" aria-labelledby="ucarHeader" data-parent="#accordionUCAR"> <ul class="nav flex-column"> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu">UCAR Homepage</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/community-programs">Community Programs</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/what-we-offer/education-training">Education & Training</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://sundog.ucar.edu/">For Staff</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/what-we-do/advocacy/office-government-relations">Government Relations & External Engagement</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/who-we-are/membership">Member Institutions</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/what-we-do/tech-transfer-engagement">Tech Transfer & Engagement</a></li> <li class="nav-item"><a class="nav-link" href="https://www.ucar.edu/what-we-do/university-collaboration">University Collaboration</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md py-2"> <div class="newsletter-signup"> <h3 class="text-light pb-mb-2">Subscribe to NCAR|UCAR News</h3>  <div id="mc_embed_signup"> <form action="https://ucar.us4.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=289033ba2718c3aa3d2b2e76f&id=80502e816e" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate=""> <div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll" class="input-group"> <input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" required="" aria-label="Enter your email address to subscribe to the newsletter" placeholder="Email address" aria-describedby="mce-sign-up"> <button class="btn btn-primary input-group-text" id="mce-sign-up">Sign Up</button>  <div style="position: absolute; 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