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aria-controls="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Timeline subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 2000 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ariel_Sharon_visits_the_Temple_Mount" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ariel_Sharon_visits_the_Temple_Mount"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.1 Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ariel_Sharon_visits_the_Temple_Mount-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-visit_Palestinian_riots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-visit_Palestinian_riots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.2 Post-visit Palestinian riots </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-visit_Palestinian_riots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_2000_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_2000_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 October 2000 events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_2000_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ramallah_lynching_and_Israeli_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ramallah_lynching_and_Israeli_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Ramallah lynching and Israeli response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ramallah_lynching_and_Israeli_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November–December_2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November–December_2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.5 November–December 2000 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November–December_2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2001" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2001"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 2001 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2001-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2002" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2002"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 2002 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2002-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Battle_of_Jenin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Battle_of_Jenin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Battle of Jenin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Battle_of_Jenin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siege_in_Bethlehem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siege_in_Bethlehem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.2 Siege in Bethlehem </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siege_in_Bethlehem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2003" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 2003 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 2004 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2004-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 2005 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-End_of_the_Second_Intifada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#End_of_the_Second_Intifada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 End of the Second Intifada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-End_of_the_Second_Intifada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trigger_for_the_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trigger_for_the_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Trigger for the uprising </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Trigger_for_the_uprising-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Trigger for the uprising subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Trigger_for_the_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Mitchell_Report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Mitchell_Report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 The Mitchell Report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Mitchell_Report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contributing_factors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contributing_factors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Contributing factors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contributing_factors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casualties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casualties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Casualties </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Casualties subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Casualties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Combatant_versus_non-combatant_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combatant_versus_non-combatant_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Combatant versus non-combatant deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combatant_versus_non-combatant_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinians_killed_by_Palestinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinians_killed_by_Palestinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Palestinians killed by Palestinians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinians_killed_by_Palestinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2008–2009_Gaza–Israel_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2009_Gaza–Israel_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 2008–2009 Gaza–Israel War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2009_Gaza–Israel_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Tactics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tactics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palestinians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Palestinians </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_involvement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_involvement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 International involvement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_involvement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_on_the_Oslo_Accords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_on_the_Oslo_Accords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Impact on the Oslo Accords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_on_the_Oslo_Accords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economic_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economic_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Economic effects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economic_effects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economic effects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economic_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Israel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palestinian_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palestinian_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Palestinian Authority </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palestinian_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.1 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.2 Journal articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2.3 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Second Intifada</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" > 45 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الثانية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتفاضة الفلسطينية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Intifada" title="Segunda Intifada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda Intifada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%87" title="ایکینجی اینتیفاضه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی اینتیفاضه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Інтыфада Аль-Аксы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Інтыфада Аль-Аксы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Интифада ал-Акса – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Интифада ал-Акса" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_intifada" title="Segona intifada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona intifada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_intif%C3%A1da" title="Druhá intifáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá intifáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ail_Intifada%27r_Palesteiniaid" title="Ail Intifada'r Palesteiniaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ail Intifada'r Palesteiniaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anden_intifada" title="Anden intifada – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anden intifada" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Intifada" title="Zweite Intifada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Intifada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%99%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Δεύτερη Ιντιφάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεύτερη Ιντιφάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Intifada" title="Segunda Intifada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda Intifada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigarren_Intifada" title="Bigarren Intifada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bigarren Intifada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="انتفاضه دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتفاضه دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconde_intifada" title="Seconde intifada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Seconde intifada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada_de_Al-Aqsa" title="Intifada de Al-Aqsa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Intifada de Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C2%EC%B0%A8_%EC%9D%B8%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%8C%EB%8B%A4" title="제2차 인티파다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제2차 인티파다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AC-%D4%B1%D5%AF%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ալ-Ակսայի ապստամբություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ալ-Ակսայի ապստամբություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Intifada" title="Druga Intifada – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Druga Intifada" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifadah_al-Aqsha" title="Intifadah al-Aqsha – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Intifadah al-Aqsha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_intifada" title="Seconda intifada – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda intifada" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="האינתיפאדה השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האינתיפאדה השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antroji_intifada" title="Antroji intifada – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antroji intifada" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Ал Акса интифада – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ал Акса интифада" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifadah_Kedua" title="Intifadah Kedua – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Intifadah Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E6%AC%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80" title="第2次インティファーダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="第2次インティファーダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_intifada" title="Andre intifada – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Andre intifada" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%81" title="الاقصی انتفاضہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الاقصی انتفاضہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada_Al-Aksa" title="Intifada Al-Aksa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Intifada Al-Aksa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Intifada" title="Segunda Intifada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda Intifada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada_Al-Aqsa" title="Intifada Al-Aqsa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Intifada Al-Aqsa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Интифада Аль-Аксы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Интифада Аль-Аксы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryengritja_e_Dyt%C3%AB" title="Kryengritja e Dytë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kryengritja e Dytë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Palestinian_Uprising" title="Second Palestinian Uprising – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Second Palestinian Uprising" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intif%C3%A1da_al-Aks%C3%A1" title="Intifáda al-Aksá – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Intifáda al-Aksá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%95%DA%95%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%D9%84%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86" title="ڕاپەڕینی دووەمی فەلەستین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕاپەڕینی دووەمی فەلەستین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Друга интифада – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друга интифада" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Intifada" title="Druga Intifada – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Druga Intifada" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toinen_intifada" title="Toinen intifada – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Toinen intifada" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa-intifadan" title="Al-Aqsa-intifadan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Al-Aqsa-intifadan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_%C4%B0ntifada" title="İkinci İntifada – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkinci İntifada" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Друга інтифада – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга інтифада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%81" title="الاقصی انتفاضہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الاقصی انتفاضہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%90_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%93%D7%A2" title="על אקצא אינטיפאדע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="על אקצא אינטיפאדע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E8%90%A8%E7%BE%A4%E4%BC%97%E8%B5%B7%E4%B9%89" title="阿克萨群众起义 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿克萨群众起义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q49106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2000–2005 Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Second Intifada</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Faris_odeh03a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Faris_odeh03a.jpg/139px-Faris_odeh03a.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bf/Faris_odeh03a.jpg/209px-Faris_odeh03a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Faris_odeh03a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="275" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:197px;max-width:197px"><div style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg/195px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg/293px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg/390px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Standing_Guard_in_Nablus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1662" data-file-height="1174" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg/166px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg/249px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg/332px-%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8_2000_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg/168px-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg/252px-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg/336px-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3097" data-file-height="2032" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div style="text-align:center">Clockwise from top-left: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Palestinian child <a href="/wiki/Faris_Odeh" title="Faris Odeh">Faris Odeh</a> throws a stone at an Israeli tank in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li><li>Israeli soldiers in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a></li><li>Aftermath of a <a href="/wiki/Yagur_Junction_bombing" title="Yagur Junction bombing">Palestinian suicide bombing</a> on a public transit bus near <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a></li><li>Palestinian protesters confront Israeli security forces near <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>28 September 2000 – 8 February 2005 (4 years, 4 months, 1 week and 4 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Israel</li><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupied_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Uprising suppressed<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><div><ul><li>Israel constructs the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">West Bank barrier</a></li><li>Israel initiates the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Gaza disengagement plan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td> Israel withdraws from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/23px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/35px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/46px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="716" /> <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/23px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/35px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/45px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="447" /> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/23px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/35px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/45px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="656" /> <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Halutz" title="Dan Halutz">Dan Halutz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gabi_Ashkenazi" title="Gabi Ashkenazi">Gabi Ashkenazi</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine_-_short_triangle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> PLO:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_death#Death_by_natural_causes" title="Manner of death">#</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa" title="Abu Ali Mustafa">Abu Ali Mustafa</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sa%27adat" title="Ahmad Sa'adat">Ahmad Sa'adat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war"><abbr title="Prisoner of war">POW</abbr></a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> Hamas:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> Others:</li><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Al_Aziz_Awda" title="Abd Al Aziz Awda">Abd Al Aziz Awda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abu_Samhadana" title="Jamal Abu Samhadana">Jamal Abu Samhadana</a> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">†</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg/41px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Defense_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="1649" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Israel_Police.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="1181" /> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Border Police</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Guard_(Israel)" title="Civil Guard (Israel)">Civil Guard</a></li></ul></div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Mishmeret_Yesha" title="Mishmeret Yesha">Mishmeret Yesha</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg/16px-Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg/24px-Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg/32px-Emblem_of_the_Palestinian_National_Security_Forces.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="656" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">National Security Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Preventative Security Service</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah"><img alt="Fatah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/23px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/35px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg/46px-Simplified_Fatah_flag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="716" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/23px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/35px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg/46px-Hand_drawn_PFLP_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="447" /> <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa_Brigades" title="Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades">Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/National_Resistance_Brigades" title="National Resistance Brigades">National Resistance Brigades</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Hamas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Al-Qassam Brigades">al-Qassam Brigades</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/23px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/35px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InfoboxPIJ.svg/46px-InfoboxPIJ.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Brigades" title="Al-Quds Brigades">Al-Quds Brigades</a> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="656" /> <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades" title="Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades">Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 29 September 2000 – 1 January 2005: ~1,010<a href="#cite_note-casualties2-7">[7]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]<a href="#cite_note-statspage-8">[8]</a> Israelis total: • 644–773 Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians; • 215–301 Israeli troops killed by Palestinians</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 29 September 2000 – 1 January 2005: 3,179<a href="#cite_note-statspage-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBCstats-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-un2009jan9-10">[10]</a>–3,354<a href="#cite_note-casualties2-7">[7]</a> Palestinians total: • 2,739–3,168 Palestinians killed by Israeli troops;* • 152–406 Palestinians killed by Palestinians; • 34 Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 55 foreign nationals/citizens total: • 45 foreigners killed by Palestinians; • 10 foreigners killed by Israeli troops<a href="#cite_note-casualties2-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"> *For the controversial issue of distinguishing Palestinian civilian/combatant casualties, see <a href="#Casualties">§ Casualties</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Second_Intifada" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Second Intifada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Second_Intifada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Second Intifada"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Second_Intifada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2000_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2000 riots">October 2000 events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair">MV Santorini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair">MV Karine A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Defensive Shield</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Jenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Church_of_the_Nativity_in_Bethlehem" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus" title="Battle of Nablus">Nablus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path" title="Operation Determined Path">Determined Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_Hebron_ambush" title="2002 Hebron ambush">Wadi an-Nasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah" title="2004 Israeli operation in Rafah">Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip">Days of Penitence</a></li></ul> <hr /> Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">Suicide attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Rocket attacks</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> The Second Intifada (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: الانتفاضة الثانية, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: Al-Intifāḍa aṯ-Ṯhāniya, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'The Second Uprising'; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: האינתיפאדה השנייה Ha-Intifada ha-Shniya), also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2004-11">[11]</a> was a major uprising by <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> against Israel and its <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupation</a>. The period of heightened violence in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and Israel continued until the <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005</a>, which ended hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2004-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The general triggers for the unrest are speculated to have been centered on the failure of the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a>, which was expected to reach a final agreement on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a> in July 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2006114-14">[14]</a> An uptick in violent incidents started in September 2000, after Israeli politician <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> made a provocative visit to the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE''NPR''2014-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2006114-14">[14]</a> the visit itself was peaceful, but, as anticipated, sparked protests and riots that Israeli police put down with rubber bullets, live ammunition, and tear gas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByman2011114-16">[16]</a> Within the first few days of the uprising, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> had fired one million rounds of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-Finkelstein,_20082-17">[17]</a> During the first few weeks of the uprising, the ratio of Palestinians to Israelis killed was around 20 to 1.<a href="#cite_note-Finkelstein,_2008-18">[18]</a> Israeli security forces engaged in gunfights, <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing_by_Israel" title="Targeted killing by Israel">targeted killings</a>, tank attacks, and airstrikes; Palestinians engaged in gunfights, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">stone-throwing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">rocket attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The approximate 138 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings</a> carried out by <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian militant factions</a> after March 2001 became one of the prominent features of the Intifada and mainly targeted Israeli civilians.<a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> With a combined casualty figure for combatants and civilians, the violence is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of approximately 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreign nationals.<a href="#cite_note-casualties2005-26">[26]</a> The Second Intifada had ended with the <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2019958-27">[27]</a> as Palestinian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> and Israeli prime minister Ariel Sharon agreed to take definitive steps to de-escalate the hostilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2005-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon2005-29">[29]</a> They also reaffirmed their commitment to the "<a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">roadmap for peace</a>" that had been proposed by the <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet on the Middle East</a> in 2003. Additionally, Sharon agreed to release 900 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian prisoners in Israel">Palestinian prisoners</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhart200677-30">[30]</a> and further stated that Israeli troops would withdraw from those parts of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> that they had re-occupied while fighting Palestinian militants during the uprising. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> Second Intifada refers to a second Palestinian uprising, following the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">first Palestinian uprising</a>, which occurred between December 1987 and 1993. <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/intifada" class="extiw" title="wikt:intifada">"Intifada"</a> (انتفاضة) translates into English as "uprising". Its root is an Arabic word meaning "the shaking off". It has been used in the meaning of "insurrection" in various Arab countries; the <a href="/wiki/1977_Egyptian_bread_riots" title="1977 Egyptian bread riots">Egyptian riots of 1977</a>, for example, were called the "bread intifada".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The term refers to a revolt against the Israeli occupation of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>. Al-Aqsa Intifada refers to <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, the main name for the mosque compound constructed in the 8th century CE atop the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City of Jerusalem</a>, and also known to <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Haram_al-Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Haram al-Sharif">Haram al-Sharif</a>. The Intifada is sometimes called the Oslo War (מלחמת אוסלו) by some Israelis who consider it to be the result of concessions made by Israel following the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> and Arafat's War, after the <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">late Palestinian leader</a> whom some blamed for starting it. Others have named what they consider disproportionate response to what was initially a popular uprising by unarmed demonstrators as the reason for the escalation of the Intifada into an all-out war.<a href="#cite_note-SBA2006-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied territories</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oslo_Accords">Oslo Accords</h3></div> Under the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, signed in 1993 and 1995, Israel committed to the phased withdrawal of its forces from parts of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, and affirmed the Palestinian right to <a href="/wiki/Self-government" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-government">self-government</a> within those areas through the creation of a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>. For their part, the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> formally recognised Israel and committed to adopting responsibility for internal security in population centres in the areas evacuated. Palestinian self-rule was to last for a five-year interim period during which a permanent agreement would be negotiated. However, the realities on the ground left both sides deeply disappointed with the Oslo process. Palestinian freedom of movement reportedly worsened from 1993 to 2000.<a href="#cite_note-causes-36">[36]</a> Israelis and Palestinians have blamed each other for the failure of the Oslo peace process. In the five years immediately following the signing of the Oslo accords, 405 Palestinians and 256 Israelis were killed. From 1996 Israel made extensive contingency plans and preparations, collectively code-named "Musical Charm", in the eventuality that peace talks might fail. In 1998, after concluding that the 5-year plan stipulated in the Oslo Talks would not be completed, the IDF implemented an Operation Field of Thorns plan to conquer towns in Area C, and some areas of Gaza, and military exercises at regimental level were carried out in April 2000 to that end. Palestinian preparations were defensive, and small-scale, more to reassure the local population than to cope with an eventual attack from Israel. The intensity of these operations led one Brigadier General, Zvi Fogel to wonder whether Israel's military preparations would not turn out to be a self-fulfilling prophecy.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In 1995, <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a> took the place of <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a>, who had been <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin">assassinated</a> by <a href="/wiki/Yigal_Amir" title="Yigal Amir">Yigal Amir</a>, a Jewish extremist opposed to the Oslo peace agreement. In the 1996 elections, Israelis elected a right-wing<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-38">[38]</a> coalition led by the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a> who was followed in 1999 by the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party (Israel)">Labor Party</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Camp_David_Summit">Camp David Summit</h3></div> From 11 to 25 July 2000, the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David</a> was held between the United States <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the United States of America">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>. The talks ultimately failed with each side blaming the other. There were five principal obstacles to agreement: borders and territorial contiguity, <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, Palestinian refugees and their <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a>, Israeli security concerns and Israeli settlements. Disappointment at the situation over the summer led to a significant fracturing of the PLO as many Fatah factions abandoned it to join Hamas and Islamic Jihad.<a href="#cite_note-Rosen-39">[39]</a> On 13 September 2000, Yasser Arafat and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> postponed the planned unilateral declaration of an independent Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_settlements">Israeli settlements</h3></div> While Peres had limited settlement construction at the request of US Secretary of State, <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-38">[38]</a> Netanyahu continued construction within existing Israeli settlements<a href="#cite_note-FMEP-41">[41]</a> and put forward plans for the construction of a new neighbourhood, <a href="/wiki/Har_Homa" title="Har Homa">Har Homa</a>, in <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>. However, he fell far short of the Shamir government's 1991–92 level and refrained from building new settlements, although the Oslo agreements stipulated no such ban.<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-38">[38]</a> Construction of housing units before Oslo, 1991–92: 13,960; after Oslo, 1994–95: 3,840; 1996–1997: 3,570.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> With the aim of marginalising the settlers' more militant wing, Barak courted moderate settler opinion, securing agreement for the dismantlement of 12 new outposts that had been constructed since the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Wye River Agreement">Wye River Agreement</a> of November 1998,<a href="#cite_note-Youngs-43">[43]</a> but the continued expansion of existing settlements with plans for 3,000 new houses in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> drew strong condemnation from the Palestinian leadership. Though construction within existing settlements was permitted under the Oslo agreements, Palestinian supporters contend that any continued construction was contrary to its spirit,<a href="#cite_note-Schmemann-38">[38]</a> prejudiced the outcome of final status negotiations, and undermined Palestinian confidence in Barak's desire for peace.<a href="#cite_note-Youngs-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2></div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph"></map><img usemap="#timeline_rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/rxa2ykn2bl84sf0yd79yw54tvmlewph.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000">2000</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg/300px-West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg/450px-West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg/600px-West_Bank_July_2008_CIA_remote-sensing_map_3000px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4198" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">CIA</a> <a href="/wiki/Remote_sensing" title="Remote sensing">remote-sensing</a> map of areas governed by the Palestinian Authority, July 2008.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David</a>, from 11 to 25 July 2000, took place between the United States <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the United States of America">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> Chairman <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>. It failed with the latter two blaming each other for the failure of the talks.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> There were four principal obstacles to agreement: territory, <a href="/wiki/Positions_on_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Positions on Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, Palestinian refugees and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">right of return</a>, and Israeli security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ariel_Sharon_visits_the_Temple_Mount">Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount</h4></div> On 28 September, Israeli opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party delegation guarded by hundreds of Israeli riot police visited the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, which is widely considered the <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam_(Sunni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiest sites in Islam (Sunni)">third holiest site in Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_outbreak-46">[46]</a> Israel has claimed sovereignty over the Mount and the rest of East Jerusalem <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">since 1980</a>, and the compound is the <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">holiest site in Judaism</a>. The Israeli Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Shlomo Ben-Ami</a>, who permitted Sharon's visit, later claimed that he had telephoned the Palestinian Authority's security chief <a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a> before the visit and gotten his reassurances that as long as Sharon didn't enter the mosques his visit wouldn't cause any problems. Rajoub vociferously denied having given any such reassurances.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBregman2005160-47">[47]</a> Shortly after Sharon left the site, angry demonstrations by Palestinian Jerusalemites outside erupted into rioting. The person in charge of the <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqf</a> at the time, Abu Qteish, was later indicted by Israel for using a loud-speaker to call on Palestinians to defend Al-Aqsa, which action Israeli authorities claimed was responsible for the subsequent stone-throwing in the direction of the Wailing Wall.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Israeli police responded with tear gas and rubber bullets, while protesters <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">hurled stones</a> and other projectiles, injuring 25 policemen, of whom one was seriously injured and had to be taken to hospital. At least three Palestinians were wounded by rubber bullets.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2000sept28-49">[49]</a> The stated purpose for Sharon's visit of the compound was to assert the right of all Israelis to visit the Temple Mount;<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> however, according to Likud spokesman <a href="/wiki/Ofir_Akunis" title="Ofir Akunis">Ofir Akunis</a>, the actual purpose was to "show that under a Likud government [the Temple Mount] will remain under Israeli sovereignty."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ehud Barak in the Camp David negotiations had insisted that East Jerusalem, where the Haram was located, would remain under complete Israeli sovereignty.<a href="#cite_note-Singh-53">[53]</a> In response to accusations by Ariel Sharon of government readiness to concede the site to the Palestinians, the Israeli government gave Sharon permission to visit the area. When alerted of his intentions, senior Palestinian figures, such as <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faisal_Husseini" title="Faisal Husseini">Faisal Husseini</a>, all asked Sharon to call off his visit.<a href="#cite_note-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98-54">[54]</a> Ten days earlier the Palestinians had observed their annual memorial day for the <a href="/wiki/Sabra_and_Shatila_massacre" title="Sabra and Shatila massacre">Sabra and Shatila massacre</a>, where thousands of <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Lebanon" title="Islam in Lebanon">Lebanese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Palestinian Muslims</a> were massacred by <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces_(militia)" title="Lebanese Forces (militia)">Lebanese Forces</a> supported by the Israeli military.<a href="#cite_note-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98-54">[54]</a> The Israeli <a href="/wiki/Kahan_Commission" title="Kahan Commission">Kahan Commission</a> had concluded that <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, who was the Israeli Defense Minister during the Sabra and Shatila massacre, was found to bear personal responsibility<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> "for ignoring the danger of bloodshed and revenge" and "not taking appropriate measures to prevent bloodshed." Sharon's negligence in protecting the civilian population of Beirut, which had come under Israeli control, amounted to a non-fulfillment of a duty with which the Defence Minister was charged, and it was recommended that Sharon be dismissed as Defence Minister. Sharon initially refused to resign, but after the death of an Israeli after a peace march, Sharon did resign as Defense minister, but remained in the Israeli cabinet. The Palestinians condemned Sharon's visit to the Temple Mount as a provocation and an incursion, as were his armed bodyguards that arrived on the scene with him. Critics claim that Sharon knew that the visit could trigger violence, and that the purpose of his visit was political. According to one observer, Sharon, in walking on the Temple Mount, was "skating on the thinnest ice in the Arab-Israeli conflict."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShindler2013283-56">[56]</a> According to The New York Times, many in the Arab world, including Egyptians, Palestinians, Lebanese and Jordanians, point to Sharon's visit as the beginning of the Second Intifada and derailment of the peace process.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> According to Juliana Ochs, Sharon's visit 'symbolically instigated' the second intifada.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a> said that although Sharon's provocative actions were a rallying point for Palestinians, the Second Intifada would have erupted even had he not visited the Temple Mount.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Post-visit_Palestinian_riots">Post-visit Palestinian riots</h4></div> On 29 September 2000, the day after Sharon's visit, following Friday prayers, large riots broke out around the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_of_Jerusalem" title="Old City of Jerusalem">Old City of Jerusalem</a>. Israeli police fired at Palestinians at the Temple Mount throwing stones over the <a href="/wiki/Western_Wall" title="Western Wall">Western Wall</a> at Jewish worshippers. After the chief of Jerusalem's police force was knocked unconscious by a stone, they switched to live ammunition and killed four Palestinian youths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShindler2013283-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Up to 200 Palestinians and police were injured.<a href="#cite_note-cnn20000929-62">[62]</a> Another three Palestinians were killed in the Old City and on the <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> By the end of the day, seven Palestinians had been killed and 300 had been wounded;<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-64">[64]</a> 70 Israeli policemen were also injured in the clashes.<a href="#cite_note-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In the days that followed, demonstrations erupted all over the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>. Israeli police responded with live fire and rubber-coated bullets. In the first five days, at least 47 Palestinians were killed, and 1,885 were wounded.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-64">[64]</a> In Paris, as <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> attempted to mediate between the parties, he protested to Barak that the ratio of Palestinians and Israelis killed and wounded on one day were such that he could not convince anyone the Palestinians were the aggressors. He also told Barak that "continu(ing) to fire from helicopters on people throwing rocks" and refusing an international inquiry was tantamount to rejecting Arafat's offer to participate in trilateral negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> During the first few days of riots, the IDF fired approximately 1.3 million bullets.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> the early Palestinian casualties were those taking part in demonstrations or bystanders. Amnesty further states that approximately 80% of the Palestinians killed during the first month were in demonstrations where Israeli security services lives were not in danger.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-68">[68]</a> On 30 September 2000, the death of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Durrah_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad al-Durrah incident">Muhammad al-Durrah</a>, a Palestinian boy shot dead while sheltering behind his father in an alley in the Gaza Strip, was caught on video. Initially the boy's death and his father's wounding was attributed to Israeli soldiers. The scene assumed iconic status, as it was shown around the world and repeatedly broadcast on Arab television. The Israeli army initially assumed responsibility for the killing and apologised, and only retracted 2 months later, when an internal investigation cast doubt on the original version, and controversy subsequently raged as to whether indeed the IDF had fired the shots or Palestinian factions were responsible for the fatal gunshots.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October_2000_events">October 2000 events</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andartnazareth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/220px-Andartnazareth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/330px-Andartnazareth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Andartnazareth.jpg/440px-Andartnazareth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>Monument to Israeli Arab casualties in October 2000 riots, Nazareth</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/October_2000_events" class="mw-redirect" title="October 2000 events">October 2000 events</a></div> The "October 2000 events" refers to several days of disturbances and clashes within Israel, mostly between <a href="/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel" title="Arab citizens of Israel">Arab citizens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Israel_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel police">Israel police</a>, as well as large-scale rioting by both Arabs and Jews. Twelve Arab citizens of Israel and a Palestinian from the Gaza Strip were killed by Israeli police, while an Israeli Jew was killed when his car was hit by a rock on the <a href="/wiki/Highway_2_(Israel)" title="Highway 2 (Israel)">Tel-Aviv-Haifa freeway</a>. During the first month of the Intifada, 141 Palestinians were killed and 5,984 were wounded, while 12 Israelis were killed and 65 wounded.<a href="#cite_note-Catignani-70">[70]</a> A general strike and demonstrations across northern Israel began on 1 October and continued for several days. In some cases, the demonstrations escalated into clashes with the <a href="/wiki/Israel_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel police">Israeli police</a> involving <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone_throwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian stone throwing">rock-throwing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">firebombing</a>, and live-fire. Policemen used tear-gas and opened fire with <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullet" title="Rubber bullet">rubber-coated bullets</a> and later live ammunition in some instances, many times in contravention of police protocol governing riot-dispersion. This use of live ammunition was directly linked with many of the deaths by the <a href="/wiki/Or_Commission" title="Or Commission">Or Commission</a>. On 8 October, thousands of Jewish Israelis participated in violent acts in Tel Aviv and elsewhere, some throwing stones at Arabs, destroying Arab property and chanting "Death to the Arabs."<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Following the riots, a high degree of tension between Jewish and Arab citizens and distrust between the Arab citizens and police were widespread. An investigation committee, headed by Supreme Court Justice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_Or&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor Or (page does not exist)">Theodor Or</a>, reviewed the violent riots and found that the police were poorly prepared to handle such riots and charged major officers with bad conduct. The <a href="/wiki/Or_Commission" title="Or Commission">Or Commission</a> reprimanded Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> and recommended <a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Shlomo Ben-Ami</a>, then the Internal Security Minister, not serve again as Minister of Public Security. The committee also blamed Arab leaders and Knesset members for contributing to inflaming the atmosphere and making the violence more severe. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ramallah_lynching_and_Israeli_response">Ramallah lynching and Israeli response</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_Ramallah_lynching" title="2000 Ramallah lynching">2000 Ramallah lynching</a></div> On 12 October, PA police arrested two Israeli reservists who had accidentally entered <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a>, where in the preceding weeks a hundred Palestinians had been killed, nearly two dozen of them minors.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Rumours quickly spread that Israeli undercover agents were in the building, and an angry crowd of more than 1,000 Palestinians gathered in front of the station calling for their death. Both soldiers were beaten, stabbed, and disembowelled, and one body was set on fire. An Italian television crew captured the killings on video and then broadcast the tape internationally.<a href="#cite_note-BBClynch-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> A British journalist had his camera destroyed by rioters as he attempted to take a picture. The brutality of the killings shocked the Israeli public, who saw it as proof of a deep-seated Palestinian hatred of Israel and Jews.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> In response, Israel launched a series of retaliatory air-strikes against Palestinian Authority targets in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The police station where the lynching had taken place was evacuated and destroyed in these operations.<a href="#cite_note-revenge-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Israel later tracked down and arrested those responsible for killing the soldiers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="November–December_2000">November–December 2000</h4></div> Clashes between Israeli forces and Palestinians increased sharply on 1 November, when three Israeli soldiers and six Palestinians were killed, and four IDF soldiers and 140 Palestinians were wounded. In subsequent days, casualties increased as the IDF attempted to restore order, with clashes occurring every day in November. A total of 122 Palestinians and 22 Israelis were killed. On 27 November, the first day of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a>, Israel eased restrictions on the passage of goods and fuel through the <a href="/wiki/Karni_crossing" title="Karni crossing">Karni crossing</a>. That same day, the Jerusalem settlement of <a href="/wiki/Gilo" title="Gilo">Gilo</a> came under Palestinian heavy machine gun fire from <a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a>. Israel tightened restrictions a week later, and Palestinians continued to clash with the IDF and Israeli settlers, with a total of 51 Palestinians and 8 Israelis killed in December.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> In a last attempt by the Clinton administration to achieve a peace deal between Israelis and Palestinians, a summit was planned in Sharm el-Sheikh in December. However, Israeli Prime Minister Barak decided not to attend after the Palestinians delayed their acceptance of the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Parameters" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2001">2001</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a> between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> was held from 21 to 27 January 2001, at <a href="/wiki/Taba_(Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taba (Egypt)">Taba</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai peninsula">Sinai peninsula</a>. Israeli prime minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> and Palestinian President <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> came closer to reaching a final settlement than any previous or subsequent peace talks yet ultimately failed to achieve their goals. On 17 January 2001, Israeli teenager <a href="/wiki/Ofir_Rahum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ofir Rahum">Ofir Rahum</a> was murdered after being lured into <a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a> by a 24-year-old Palestinian, Mona Jaud Awana, a member of Fatah's <a href="/wiki/Tanzim" title="Tanzim">Tanzim</a>. She had contacted Ofir on the internet and engaged in an online romance with him for several months. She eventually convinced him to drive to Ramallah to meet her, where he was instead ambushed by three Palestinian gunmen and shot over fifteen times.<a href="#cite_note-Wired-80">[80]</a> Awana was later arrested in a massive military and police operation, and imprisoned for life. Five other Israelis were killed in January, along with eighteen Palestinians. <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, at the time from the <a href="/wiki/Likud" title="Likud">Likud</a> party, ran against <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Labour_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour (Israel)">Labour party</a>. Sharon was elected Israeli Prime Minister 6 February 2001 in the <a href="/wiki/2001_Israeli_prime_ministerial_election" title="2001 Israeli prime ministerial election">2001 special election to the Prime Ministership</a>. Sharon refused to meet in person with Yasser Arafat. Violence in March resulted in the deaths of 8 Israelis, mostly civilians, and 26 Palestinians. In <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, a Palestinian sniper killed ten-month-old Israeli baby <a href="/wiki/Shalhevet_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Shalhevet Pass">Shalhevet Pass</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The murder shocked the Israeli public. According to the Israel police investigation the sniper aimed deliberately at the baby.<a href="#cite_note-education-83">[83]</a> On 30 April 2001, seven Palestinian militants were killed in an explosion, one of them a participant in Ofir Rahum's murder. The IDF refused to confirm or deny Palestinian accusations that it was responsible. On 7 May 2001, IDF <a href="/wiki/Shayetet_13" title="Shayetet 13">naval commandos</a> captured the vessel <a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair">Santorini</a>, which was sailing in international waters towards Palestinian Authority-controlled Gaza. The ship was laden with weaponry. The Israeli investigation that followed said that the shipment had been purchased by <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_-_General_Command" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command</a> (PFLP-GC). The ship's value and that of its cargo was estimated at $10 million. The crew was reportedly planning to unload the cargo of weapons-filled barrels—carefully sealed and waterproofed along with their contents—at a prearranged location off the Gaza coast, where the Palestinian Authority would recover it. On 8 May 2001, two Israeli teenagers, Yaakov "Koby" Mandell (13) and Yosef Ishran (14), were kidnapped while hiking near their village. Their bodies were discovered the next morning in a cave near where they lived.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-84">[84]</a> USA Today reported that, according to the police, both boys had "been bound, stabbed and beaten to death with rocks." The newspaper continued, "The walls of the cave in the Judean Desert were covered with the boys' blood, reportedly smeared there by the killers."<a href="#cite_note-USA-85">[85]</a> After a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">suicide bombing</a> <a href="/wiki/2001_HaSharon_Mall_suicide_bombing" title="2001 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing">struck Netanya</a> on 18 May 2001, Israel for the first time since 1967 used warplanes to attack Palestinian Authority targets in the West Bank and Gaza, killing 12 Palestinians. In the past, airstrikes had been carried out with helicopter gunships.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG/220px-Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG/330px-Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG/440px-Dolphinarium_Massacre_memorial_in_Tel_Aviv.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Dolphinarium Massacre memorial at the Tel Aviv Dolphinarium site with the names of the victims written in Russian</figcaption></figure> On 1 June 2001, an <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad</a> suicide bomber <a href="/wiki/Dolphinarium_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphinarium massacre"> detonated himself in the Tel Aviv coastline Dolphinarium</a> dancing club. Twenty-one Israeli civilians, most of them high school students, were killed and 132 injured.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> The attack significantly hampered American attempts to negotiate a cease-fire. The 12 June <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Georgios_Tsibouktzakis" title="Murder of Georgios Tsibouktzakis">Murder of Georgios Tsibouktzakis</a> by Palestinian snipers was later tied to <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EnevBarghouti-91">[91]</a> A total of 469 Palestinians and 199 Israelis were killed in 2001. Amnesty International's report on the first year of the Intifada states: <blockquote>The overwhelming majority of cases of unlawful killings and injuries in Israel and the Occupied Territories have been committed by the IDF using excessive force. In particular, the IDF have used US-supplied helicopters in punitive rocket attacks where there was no imminent danger to life. Israel has also used helicopter gunships to carry out extrajudicial executions and to fire at targets that resulted in the killing of civilians, including children. ... Hamas and Islamic Jihad have frequently placed bombs in public places, usually within Israel, in order to kill and maim large numbers of Israeli civilians in a random manner. Both organizations have fostered a cult of martyrdom and frequently use suicide bombers.<a href="#cite_note-Amnesty_International-68">[68]</a></blockquote> Palestinian terrorists committed a number of suicide attacks later in 2001, among them the <a href="/wiki/Sbarro_restaurant_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sbarro restaurant massacre">Sbarro restaurant massacre</a>, with 15 civilian casualties (including 7 children);<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Nahariya_train_station_suicide_bombing" title="Nahariya train station suicide bombing">Nahariya train station suicide bombing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pardes_Hanna_bus_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Pardes Hanna bus bombing">Pardes Hanna bus bombing</a>, both with 3 civilian casualties;<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blade-96">[96]</a> the Ben Yehuda Street bombing with 11 civilian deaths, many of them children;<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Haifa_bus_16_suicide_bombing" title="Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing">Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing</a>, with 15 civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-B'Tselem-98">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2002">2002</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karin_A_weapons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Karin_A_weapons.jpg/220px-Karin_A_weapons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Karin_A_weapons.jpg/330px-Karin_A_weapons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Karin_A_weapons.jpg/440px-Karin_A_weapons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Military equipment confiscated from <a href="/wiki/Karine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Karine A">Karine A</a></figcaption></figure> In January 2002, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> <a href="/wiki/Shayetet_13" title="Shayetet 13">Shayetet 13</a> naval commandos captured the <a href="/wiki/Karine_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Karine A">Karine A</a>, a freighter carrying weapons from <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> towards Israel, believed to be intended for Palestinian militant use against Israel. It was discovered that top officials in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> were involved in the smuggling, with the Israelis pointing the finger towards <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a> as also being involved. Palestinians launched a spate of suicide bombings and attacks against Israel, aimed mostly at civilians. On 3 March, a Palestinian sniper killed 10 Israeli soldiers and settlers and wounded 4 at a checkpoint near <a href="/wiki/Ofra" title="Ofra">Ofra</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> using an <a href="/wiki/M1_Carbine" class="mw-redirect" title="M1 Carbine">M1 Carbine</a>. He was later arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment. The rate of the attacks increased, and was at its highest in March 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Fal09-100">[100]</a> In addition to numerous shooting and grenade attacks, the month saw 15 suicide bombings carried out in Israel — an average of one bombing every two days. The high rate of attacks caused widespread fear throughout Israel and serious disruption of daily life throughout the country. March 2002 became known in Israel as "Black March".<a href="#cite_note-Fal09-100">[100]</a> On 12 March <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1397" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1397">United Nations Security Council Resolution 1397</a> was passed, which reaffirmed a <a href="/wiki/Two-state_solution" title="Two-state solution">Two-state solution</a> and laid the groundwork for a <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map for peace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rub03-101">[101]</a> On 27 March, the wave of violence culminated with a suicide bombing during a <a href="/wiki/Passover" title="Passover">Passover</a> celebration at the Park Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a> in which 30 people were killed. The attack became known as the <a href="/wiki/Passover_massacre" title="Passover massacre">Passover massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bts_ODS-102">[102]</a> In total, around 130 Israelis, mostly civilians, were killed in Palestinian attacks during March 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Rub03-101">[101]</a> On 28 March, Arab leaders, whose constituencies were exposed to detailed television coverage of the violence in the conflict, set out a comprehensive <a href="/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative" title="Arab Peace Initiative">Arab Peace Initiative</a> that was endorsed by Arafat, but virtually ignored by Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Rub03-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattar200540-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> On 29 March, Israel launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">Operation Defensive Shield</a>, which lasted until 3 May. The IDF made sweeping incursions throughout the West Bank, and into numerous Palestinian cities. Arafat was put under siege in his <a href="/wiki/Mukataa" title="Mukataa">Ramallah compound</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> The UN estimated that 497 Palestinians were killed and 1,447 wounded by the Israeli incursion from 1 March to 7 May.<a href="#cite_note-UNPressRelease-107">[107]</a> A UN report cleared Israel of allegations of massacre, but criticized it for using excessive force on the civilian population. Israeli forces also arrested 4,258 Palestinians during the operation.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> Israeli casualties during the operation totaled 30 dead and 127 wounded. The operation culminated with the recapturing of Palestinian Authority controlled areas.<a href="#cite_note-UNPressRelease-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Battle_of_Jenin">Battle of Jenin</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Battle of Jenin (2002)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-D9L003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/IDF-D9L003.jpg/220px-IDF-D9L003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/IDF-D9L003.jpg/330px-IDF-D9L003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/IDF-D9L003.jpg/440px-IDF-D9L003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a></figcaption></figure> Between 2 and 11 April, a siege and fierce fighting took place in the Palestinian refugee camp of the city of <a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a>. The camp was targeted during Operation Defensive Shield after Israel determined that it had "served as a launch site for numerous terrorist attacks against both Israeli civilians and Israeli towns and villages in the area."<a href="#cite_note-mfa1-109">[109]</a> The Jenin battle became a flashpoint for both sides, and saw fierce urban combat as Israeli infantry supported by armor and attack helicopters fought to clear the camp of Palestinian militants. The battle was eventually won by the IDF, after it employed a dozen <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armored_bulldozer" title="Armored bulldozer">armored bulldozers</a> to clear Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby traps</a>, detonate explosive charges, and raze buildings and gun-posts; the bulldozers proved impervious to attacks by Palestinian militants.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> During Israeli military operations in the camp, Palestinian sources alleged that a massacre of hundreds of people had taken place. A senior Palestinian Authority official said in mid-April that some 500 had been killed.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> During the fighting in Jenin, Israeli officials had also initially estimated hundreds of Palestinian deaths, but later said they expected the Palestinian toll to reach "45 to 55."<a href="#cite_note-NYT_UN-112">[112]</a> In the ensuing controversy, Israel blocked the United Nations from conducting the first-hand inquiry unanimously sought by the Security Council, but the UN nonetheless felt able to dismiss claims of a massacre in its report, which said there had been approximately 52 deaths, criticising both sides for placing Palestinian civilians at risk.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_UN-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Based on their own investigations, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a><a href="#cite_note-HRW_May-115">[115]</a> charged that some IDF personnel in Jenin had committed <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> but also confirmed that no massacre had been committed by the IDF. Both human rights organizations called for official inquiries; the IDF disputed the charges. After the battle, most sources, including the IDF and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, placed the Palestinian death toll at 52–56;<a href="#cite_note-martinWT-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> documented 52 Palestinian deaths and claimed that it included at least 27 militants and 22 civilians, and an additional 3 Palestinians whose status as militants or civilians could not be ascertained,<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport-117">[117]</a> while the IDF said that 48 militants and 5 civilians had been killed.<a href="#cite_note-harel257-258-118">[118]</a> According to Human Rights Watch, 140 buildings had been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The IDF reported that 23 Israeli soldiers had been killed and 75 wounded during the battle.<a href="#cite_note-HRW_May-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Siege_in_Bethlehem">Siege in Bethlehem</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Church_of_the_Nativity_in_Bethlehem" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem">Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem</a></div> From 2 April to 10 May, a stand-off developed at the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nativity" title="Church of the Nativity">Church of the Nativity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>. IDF soldiers surrounded the church while Palestinian civilians, militants, and priests were inside. During the siege, IDF snipers killed 8 militants inside the church and wounded more than 40 people. The stand-off was resolved by the deportation to Europe of 13 Palestinian militants whom the IDF had identified as terrorists, and the IDF ended its 38-day stand-off with the militants inside the church. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003">2003</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg/220px-Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg/330px-Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg/440px-Autobus_v_Haif%C4%9B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption>The aftermath of a bus bombing in Haifa in 2003</figcaption></figure> Following an Israeli intelligence report stating that <a href="/wiki/Yasir_Arafat" class="mw-redirect" title="Yasir Arafat">Yasir Arafat</a> had paid $20,000 to <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a>, the United States demanded democratic reforms in the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>, as well the appointment of a prime minister independent of Arafat. On 13 March 2003, following U.S. pressure, Arafat appointed <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> as Palestinian prime minister. Following the appointment of Abbas, the U.S. administration promoted the <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map for peace</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet</a>'s plan to end the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> by disbanding militant organizations, halting settlement activity and establishing a democratic and peaceful Palestinian state. The first phase of the plan demanded that the Palestinian Authority suppress guerrilla and terrorist attacks and confiscate illegal weapons. Unable or unwilling to confront militant organizations and risk civil war, Abbas tried to reach a temporary cease-fire agreement with the militant factions and asked them to halt attacks on Israeli civilians. On 20 May, Israeli naval commandos intercepted another vessel, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hasan_(boat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hasan (boat) (page does not exist)">Abu Hassan</a>, on course to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. It was loaded with rockets, weapons, and ammunition. Eight crew members on board were arrested including a senior <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a> member. On 29 June 2003, a <a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">temporary armistice</a> was unilaterally declared by <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Islamic Jihad</a>, which declared a ceasefire and halt to all attacks against Israel for a period of three months.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Violence decreased somewhat in the following month, but suicide bombings against Israeli civilians continued as well as Israeli operations against militants. Four Palestinians, three of them militants, were killed in gun battles during an IDF raid of <a href="/wiki/Askar_(Palestine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Askar (Palestine)">Askar</a> near <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a> involving tanks and <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">armoured personnel carriers</a> (APCs); an Israeli soldier was killed by one of the militants. Nearby Palestinians claimed a squad of Israeli police disguised as Palestinian labourers opened fire on <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Hamas_called_Qawasameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Hamas called Qawasameh">Abbedullah Qawasameh</a> as he left a Hebron mosque.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <a href="/wiki/YAMAM" class="mw-redirect" title="YAMAM">YAMAM</a>, the Israeli counter-terrorism police unit that performed the operation, said Qawasemah opened fire on them as they attempted to arrest him. On 19 August, Hamas coordinated a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attack</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_bus_2_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem bus 2 massacre">crowded bus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> killing 23 Israeli civilians, including 7 children. Hamas claimed it was a retaliation for the killing of five Palestinians (including Hamas leader <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Hamas_called_Qawasameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Hamas called Qawasameh">Abbedullah Qawasameh</a>) earlier in the week. U.S. and Israeli media outlets frequently referred to the bus bombing as shattering the quiet and bringing an end to the ceasefire. Following the Hamas bus attack, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defence Forces">Israeli Defence Forces</a> were ordered to kill or capture all Hamas leaders in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. The plotters of the bus suicide bombing were all captured or killed and <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Hamas_called_Qawasameh" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Hamas called Qawasameh">Hamas leadership in Hebron</a> was badly damaged by the IDF. Strict curfews were enforced in Nablus, Jenin, and Tulkarem; the Nablus lockdown lasted for over 100 days. In <a href="/wiki/Nazlet_%27Issa" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazlet 'Issa">Nazlet 'Issa</a>, over 60 shops were destroyed by Israeli civil administration <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer" title="Bulldozer">bulldozers</a>. The Israeli civil administration explained that the shops were <a href="/wiki/House_demolition" class="mw-redirect" title="House demolition">demolished</a> because they were built without a permit. Palestinians consider Israeli military curfews and property destruction to constitute <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a> against innocent Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg/220px-IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg/330px-IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg/440px-IDF-Caterpillar-D9N-1133.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Early Israeli construction of West Bank barrier, 2003</figcaption></figure> Unable to rule effectively under Arafat, Abbas resigned in September 2003. <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Qurei" title="Ahmed Qurei">Ahmed Qurei</a> (Abu Ala) was appointed to replace him. The Israeli government gave up hope for negotiated settlement to the conflict and pursued a unilateral policy of physically separating Israel from Palestinian communities by beginning construction on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a>. Israel claims the barrier is necessary to prevent Palestinian attackers from entering Israeli cities. Palestinians claim the barrier separates Palestinian communities from each other and that the construction plan is a de facto annexation of Palestinian territory. Following a 4 October <a href="/wiki/Maxim_restaurant_suicide_bombing" title="Maxim restaurant suicide bombing">suicide bombing in Maxim restaurant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>, which claimed the lives of 21 Israelis, Israel claimed that Syria and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> sponsored the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Islamic Jihad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a>, and were responsible for the terrorist attack. The day after the Maxim massacre, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">IAF</a> warplanes <a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">bombed an alleged former Palestinian training base</a> at Ain Saheb, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, which had been mostly abandoned since the 1980s. Munitions being stored on the site were destroyed, and a civilian guard was injured. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2004">2004</h3></div> In response to repeated shelling of Israeli communities with <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rockets</a> and mortar shells from Gaza, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> operated mainly in <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> – to search and destroy <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_smuggling_tunnels" title="Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels">smuggling tunnels</a> used by militants to obtain <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weapons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">ammunition</a>, fugitives, cigarettes, car parts, electrical goods, foreign currency, gold, <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">drugs</a>, and cloth from <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Between September 2000 and May 2004, ninety tunnels connecting Egypt and the Gaza Strip were found and destroyed. Raids in Rafah left many families homeless. Israel's official stance is that their houses were captured by militants and were destroyed during battles with IDF forces. Many of these houses are abandoned due to Israeli incursions and later destroyed. According to Human Rights Watch, over 1,500 houses were destroyed to create a large buffer zone in the city, many "in the absence of military necessity", displacing around sixteen thousand people.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> On 2 February 2004, Israeli Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> announced his plan to transfer all the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Jewish settlers</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>. The Israeli opposition dismissed his announcement as "media spin", but the <a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(Israel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor Party (Israel)">Israeli Labour Party</a> said it would support such a move. Sharon's right-wing coalition partners <a href="/wiki/National_Religious_Party" title="National Religious Party">National Religious Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)" title="National Union (Israel)">National Union</a> rejected the plan and vowed to quit the government if it were implemented. <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Beilin" title="Yossi Beilin">Yossi Beilin</a>, peace advocate and architect of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Accord_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Accord (2003)">Geneva Accord</a>, also rejected the proposed withdrawal plan. He claimed that withdrawing from the Gaza Strip without a peace agreement would reward <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terror</a>. Following the declaration of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">disengagement plan</a> by Ariel Sharon and as a response to suicide attacks on <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Gaza_Strip_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Gaza Strip barrier">Erez crossing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ashdod" title="Ashdod">Ashdod</a> seaport (10 people were killed), the IDF launched a series of armored raids on the Gaza Strip (mainly Rafah and refugee camps around Gaza), killing about 70 <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> militants. On 22 March 2004, an Israeli helicopter gunship <a href="/wiki/Israeli_targeted_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli targeted killings">killed</a> Hamas leader Sheikh <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a>, along with his two bodyguards and nine bystanders. On 17 April, after several failed attempts by Hamas to commit suicide bombings and a successful one that killed an Israeli policeman, Yassin's successor, <a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantissi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi</a>, was killed in an almost identical way, along with a bodyguard and his son Mohammed. The fighting in Gaza Strip escalated severely in May 2004 after several failed attempts to attack <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defense Forces checkpoint">Israeli checkpoints</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Gaza_Strip_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Gaza Strip barrier">Erez crossing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karni_crossing" title="Karni crossing">Karni crossing</a>. On 2 May, Palestinian militants attacked and <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Tali_Hatuel_and_her_four_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of Tali Hatuel and her four daughters">shot dead a pregnant woman and her four young daughters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-smh20040503-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-ii20040503-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> classified it as a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a> and said it "reiterates its call on all Palestinian armed groups to put an immediate end to the deliberate targeting of Israeli civilians, in Israel and in the Occupied Territories".<a href="#cite_note-ai-p-128">[128]</a> Additionally, on 11 and 12 May, Palestinian militants destroyed two IDF <a href="/wiki/M113_Armored_Personnel_Carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="M113 Armored Personnel Carrier">M-113</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_personnel_carrier" title="Armoured personnel carrier">APCs</a>, killing 13 soldiers and mutilating their bodies. The IDF launched two raids to recover the bodies, killing 20–40 Palestinians and greatly damaging structures in the Zaitoun neighbourhood in Gaza and in south-west Rafah. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg/150px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg/225px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg/300px-Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_40_Kilogram_Explosive_Found_At_Bottom_of_Tunnel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1310" data-file-height="1749" /></a><figcaption>Israeli forces uncover a smuggling tunnel in Gaza, May 2004</figcaption></figure> Subsequently, on 18 May the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Rainbow" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Rainbow">Operation Rainbow</a> with a stated aim of striking the militant infrastructure of Rafah, destroying smuggling tunnels, and stopping a shipment of <a href="/wiki/Strela_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Strela 2">SA-7</a> missiles and improved <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-tank">anti-tank</a> weapons. A total of 41 Palestinian militants and 12 civilians were killed in the operation, and about 45–56 Palestinian structures were demolished. Israeli tanks shelled hundreds of Palestinian protesters approaching their positions, killing 10. The protesters had disregarded Israeli warnings to turn back. This incident led to a worldwide outcry against the operation. On 29 September, after a <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rocket</a> hit the Israeli town of <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a> and killed two Israeli children, the IDF launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Days_of_Penitence" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Days of Penitence">Operation Days of Penitence</a> in the north of the Gaza Strip. The operation's stated aim was to remove the threat of Qassam rockets from Sderot and kill the Hamas militants launching them. The operation ended on 16 October, after having caused widespread destruction and the deaths of over 100 Palestinians, at least 20 of whom were under the age of sixteen.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The IDF killed thirteen-year-old <a href="/wiki/Iman_Darweesh_Al_Hams" title="Iman Darweesh Al Hams">Iman Darweesh Al Hams</a> as she strayed into a closed military area; the commander was accused of allegedly firing his automatic weapon at her dead body deliberately to verify the death. The act was investigated by the IDF, but the commander was cleared of all wrongdoing,<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> and more recently, was fully vindicated when a Jerusalem district court found the claim to be libellous, ruled that NIS 300,000 be paid by the journalist and TV company responsible for the report, an additional NIS 80,000 to be paid in legal fees and required the journalist and television company to air a correction.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> According to Palestinian medics, Israeli forces killed at least 62 militants and 42 other Palestinians believed to be civilians.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> According to a count performed by <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, 87 militants and 42 civilians were killed. Palestinian refugee camps were heavily damaged by the Israeli assault. The IDF announced that at least 12 Qassam launchings had been thwarted and many militants hit during the operation. On 21 October, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> killed <a href="/wiki/Adnan_al-Ghoul" title="Adnan al-Ghoul">Adnan al-Ghoul</a>, a senior Hamas bomb maker and the inventor of the <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rocket</a>. On 11 November, Yasser Arafat died in Paris. Escalation in Gaza began amid the visit of <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> in order to achieve a <a href="/wiki/Hudna" title="Hudna">Hudna</a> between Palestinian factions and convince Hamas leadership to halt attacks against Israelis. Hamas vowed to continue the armed struggle, sending numerous <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rockets</a> into open fields near <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Oz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahal Oz">Nahal Oz</a>, and hitting a <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Kfar Darom</a> with an anti-tank missile. On 9 December five Palestinians weapon smugglers were killed and two were arrested in the border between Rafah and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>. Later that day, <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abu_Samhadana" title="Jamal Abu Samhadana">Jamal Abu Samhadana</a> and two of his bodyguards were injured by a missile strike. In the first Israeli airstrike against militants in weeks, an unmanned Israeli drone plane launched one missile at Abu Samahdna's car as it travelled between Rafah and Khan Younis in the southern Gaza Strip. It was the fourth attempt on Samhadana's life by Israel. Samhadana is one of two leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a> and one of the main forces behind the smuggling tunnels. Samhadana is believed to be responsible for the <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">blast</a> against an American diplomatic convoy in Gaza that killed three Americans. On 10 December, in response to Hamas firing mortar rounds into the Neveh Dekalim settlement in the Gaza Strip and wounding four Israelis (including an 8-year-old boy), Israeli soldiers fired at the Khan Younis refugee camp (the origin of the mortars) killing a seven-year-old girl. An IDF source confirmed troops opened fire at Khan Younis, but said they aimed at Hamas mortar crews.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The largest attack since the death of Yasser Arafat claimed the lives of five Israeli soldiers on 12 December, wounding ten others. Approximately 1.5 tons of explosives were detonated in a tunnel under an Israeli military-controlled border crossing on the Egyptian border with Gaza near Rafah, collapsing several structures and damaging others. The explosion destroyed part of the outpost and killed three soldiers. Two Palestinian militants then penetrated the outpost and killed two other Israeli soldiers with gunfire. It is believed that Hamas and a new Fatah faction, the "Fatah Hawks", conducted the highly organised and coordinated attack. A spokesman, "Abu Majad", claimed responsibility for the attack in the name of the <a href="/wiki/Fatah_Hawks" title="Fatah Hawks">Fatah Hawks</a> claiming it was in retaliation for "the assassination" of Yasser Arafat, charging he was poisoned by Israel. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005">2005</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/2005_Palestinian_presidential_election" title="2005 Palestinian presidential election">Palestinian presidential elections</a> were held on 9 January, and <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> (Abu Mazen) was elected as the president of the PA. His platform was of a peaceful negotiation with Israel and non-violence to achieve Palestinian objectives. Although Abbas called on militants to halt attacks against Israel, he promised them protection from Israeli incursions and did not advocate disarmament by force. Violence continued in the Gaza Strip, and <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> froze all diplomatic and security contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. Spokesman Assaf Shariv declared that "Israel informed international leaders today that there will be no meetings with Abbas until he makes a real effort to stop the terror." The freezing of contacts came less than one week after Mahmoud Abbas was elected, and the day before his inauguration. Palestinian negotiator <a href="/wiki/Saeb_Erekat" title="Saeb Erekat">Saeb Erekat</a>, confirming the news, declared "You cannot hold Mahmoud Abbas accountable when he hasn't even been inaugurated yet."<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-220px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-330px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf/page1-440px-Gaza_Strip_Access_Restrictions.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4950" data-file-height="7085" /></a><figcaption>Gaza Strip, with borders and Israeli limited fishing zone</figcaption></figure> Following international pressure and Israeli threat of wide military operation in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, Abbas ordered <a href="/wiki/Preventive_Security_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive Security Force">Palestinian police</a> to deploy in the northern Gaza Strip to prevent <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rocket</a> and mortar shelling over Israeli settlement. Although attacks on Israelis did not stop completely, they decreased sharply. On 8 February 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Sharm_el-Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005</a>, Sharon and Abbas declared a mutual <a href="/wiki/Truce" class="mw-redirect" title="Truce">truce</a> between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>. They shook hands at a four-way summit that also included <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sharm_al-Sheikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm al-Sheikh">Sharm al-Sheikh</a>. However, Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Islamic Jihad</a> said the truce is not binding for their members. Israel has not withdrawn its demand to dismantle terrorist infrastructure before moving ahead in the <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map for peace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Many warned that truce is fragile, and progress must be done slowly while observing that the truce and quiet are kept. On 9–10 February night, a barrage of 25–50 <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rockets</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar shells</a> hit <a href="/wiki/Neve_Dekalim" title="Neve Dekalim">Neve Dekalim</a> settlement, and another barrage hit at noon. Hamas said it was in retaliation for an attack in which one Palestinian was killed near an Israeli settlement.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> As a response to the mortar attack, Abbas ordered the Palestinian security forces to stop such attacks in the future. He also fired senior commanders in the Palestinian security apparatus. On 10 February, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_security_forces" title="Israeli security forces">Israeli security forces</a> arrested Maharan Omar Shucat Abu Hamis, a Palestinian resident of <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, who was about to launch a bus <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide attack</a> in the <a href="/wiki/French_Hill_(neighborhood)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Hill (neighborhood)">French Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. On 13 February 2005, Abbas entered into talks with the leaders of the Islamic Jihad and the Hamas, for them to rally behind him and respect the truce. Ismail Haniyah, a senior leader of the group Hamas said that "its position regarding calm will continue unchanged and Israel will bear responsibility for any new violation or aggression." In the middle of June, Palestinian factions intensified bombardment over the city of <a href="/wiki/Sderot" title="Sderot">Sderot</a> with improvised <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rockets</a>. Palestinian attacks resulted in 2 Palestinians and 1 Chinese civilian killed by a Qassam, and 2 Israelis were killed. The wave of attacks lessened support for the <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">disengagement plan</a> among the Israeli public. Attacks on Israel by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Islamic Jihad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a> increased in July, and on 12 July, a <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombing</a> hit the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Netanya" title="Netanya">Netanya</a>, killing 5 civilians. On 14 July, Hamas started to shell Israeli settlements inside and outside the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> with dozens of Qassam rockets, killing an Israeli woman. On 15 July, Israel resumed its "targeted killing" policy, killing 7 Hamas militants and bombing about 4 Hamas facilities. The continuation of shelling rockets over Israeli settlements, and street battles between Hamas militants and Palestinian policemen, threatened to shatter the truce agreed in the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005. The Israeli Defence Force also started to build up armored forces around the Gaza Strip in response to the shelling. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="End_of_the_Second_Intifada">End of the Second Intifada</h3></div> The ending date of the Second Intifada is disputed, as there was no definite event that brought it to an end.<a href="#cite_note-Schachter-138">[138]</a> The general view is that it ended in 2005, while some sources include events and statistics extending as late as 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Plaw2016-139">[139]</a> <ul><li>Some commentators, such as Sever Plocker,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> consider the intifada to have ended in late 2004. With the sickness and then death of Yasser Arafat in November 2004, the Palestinians lost their internationally recognised leader of the previous three decades, after which the intifada lost momentum and led to internal fighting between Palestinian factions (most notably the <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a>), as well as conflict within Fatah itself.</li> <li>Israel's unilateral disengagement from the Gaza Strip, announced in June 2004 and completed in August 2005, is also cited as signalling the end of the intifada, for instance by Ramzy Baroud.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li>Some consider 8 February 2005 to be the official end of the Second Intifada, although sporadic violence still continued outside PA control or condonation.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> On that day, Abbas and Sharon met at the <a href="/wiki/Sharm_el-Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm el-Sheikh Summit</a>, where they vowed to end attacks on each other.<a href="#cite_note-2005ceasefire-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> In addition, Sharon agreed to release 900 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian prisoners in Israel">Palestinian prisoners</a> and withdraw from West Bank towns. Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) refused to be parties to the agreement, arguing the cease-fire was the position of the PA only.<a href="#cite_note-2005ceasefire-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> Five days later Abbas reached agreement with the two dissenting organizations to commit to the truce with the proviso that Israeli violation would be met with retaliation.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li></ul> Schachter addressed the difficulties in deciding when the Second Intifada ended. He reasoned that suicide bombing was the best criterion, being arguably the most important element of the violence involved, and that according to this criterion the intifada ended during 2005.<a href="#cite_note-Schachter-138">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trigger_for_the_uprising">Trigger for the uprising</h2></div> The Second Intifada started on 28 September 2000, after <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, a Likud party candidate for Israeli Prime Minister, made a visit to the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a>, also known as <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount#In_Islam" title="Temple Mount">Al-Haram Al-Sharif</a>, an area sacred to both Jews and Muslims, accompanied by over 1,000 security guards. He stated on that day, "the Temple Mount is in our hands and will remain in our hands. It is the holiest site in Judaism and it is the right of every Jew to visit the Temple Mount."<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> This visit was seen by Palestinians as highly provocative; and Palestinian demonstrators, throwing stones at police, were dispersed by the Israeli Army, using tear gas and rubber bullets.<a href="#cite_note-Mitchell_cause-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbctimeline-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> A riot broke out among Palestinians at the site, resulting in clashes between Israeli forces and the protesting crowd. Some believe the Intifada started the next day, on Friday, 29 September, a day of prayers, when an Israeli police and military presence was introduced and there were major clashes and deaths.<a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cypel-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mittleman-155">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Mitchell_Report">The Mitchell Report</h3></div> The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee (an investigatory committee set up to look into the causes behind the breakdown in the peace process, chaired by <a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>) published its report in May 2001.<a href="#cite_note-mitchell-156">[156]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Report_(Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict)" title="Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict)">Mitchell Report</a>, the government of Israel asserted that: <blockquote>The immediate catalyst for the violence was the breakdown of the Camp David negotiations on July 25, 2000, and the "widespread appreciation in the international community of Palestinian responsibility for the impasse". In this view, Palestinian violence was planned by the PA leadership, and was aimed at "provoking and incurring Palestinian casualties as a means of regaining the diplomatic initiative".</blockquote> The Palestine Liberation Organization, according to the same report, denied that the Intifada was planned, and asserted that "Camp David represented nothing less than an attempt by Israel to extend the force it exercises on the ground to negotiations." The report also stated: <blockquote>From the perspective of the PLO, Israel responded to the disturbances with excessive and illegal use of deadly force against demonstrators; behavior which, in the PLO's view, reflected Israel's contempt for the lives and safety of Palestinians. For Palestinians, the widely seen images of Muhammad al-Durrah in Gaza on September 30, shot as he huddled behind his father, reinforced that perception.</blockquote> The Mitchell report concluded: <blockquote>The Sharon visit did not cause the "Al-Aqsa Intifada". But it was poorly timed and the provocative effect should have been foreseen; indeed it was foreseen by those who urged that the visit be prohibited.</blockquote> and also: <blockquote>We have no basis on which to conclude that there was a deliberate plan by the PA to initiate a campaign of violence at the first opportunity; or to conclude that there was a deliberate plan by the [Government of Israel] to respond with lethal force.</blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contributing_factors">Contributing factors</h3></div> Palestinians have claimed that Sharon's visit was the beginning of the Second Intifada,<a href="#cite_note-bbctimeline-151">[151]</a> while others have claimed that Yasser Arafat had pre-planned the uprising.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Some, like <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>,<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> say that tensions were high due to failed negotiations at the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> in July 2000. They note that there were Israeli casualties as early as 27 September; this is the Israeli "conventional wisdom", according to Jeremy Pressman, and the view expressed by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Foreign_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Foreign Ministry">Israeli Foreign Ministry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pressman_backgroundsandcauses-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-jpost2000sep29-160">[160]</a> Most mainstream media outlets have taken the view that the Sharon visit was the spark that triggered the rioting at the start of the Second Intifada.<a href="#cite_note-bbc2000sept28-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes2008sept30-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn2008sept28-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-163">[163]</a> In the first five days of rioting and clashes after the visit, Israeli police and security forces killed 47 Palestinians and wounded 1885,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-64">[64]</a> while Palestinians killed 5 Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-btselem-idf-OT-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-btselem-civ-OT-165">[165]</a> Palestinians view the Second Intifada as part of their ongoing struggle for national liberation and an end to Israeli occupation,<a href="#cite_note-Schulz-166">[166]</a> whereas many <a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a> consider it to be a wave of Palestinian terrorism instigated and pre-planned by then Palestinian leader <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pressman_backgroundsandcauses-159">[159]</a> Support for the idea that Arafat planned the uprising comes from <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar" title="Mahmoud al-Zahar">Mahmoud al-Zahar</a>, who said in September 2010 that when Arafat realized that the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> in July 2000 would not result in the meeting of all of his demands, he ordered Hamas as well as Fatah and the Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, to launch "military operations" against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Abutoameh-167">[167]</a> Al-Zahar is corroborated by <a href="/wiki/Mosab_Hassan_Yousef" title="Mosab Hassan Yousef">Mosab Hassan Yousef</a>, son of the Hamas founder and leader, <a href="/wiki/Sheikh" title="Sheikh">Sheikh</a> <a href="/wiki/Hassan_Yousef_(Hamas_leader)" title="Hassan Yousef (Hamas leader)">Hassan Yousef</a>, who claims that the Second Intifada was a political maneuver premeditated by Arafat. Yousef claims that "Arafat had grown extraordinarily wealthy as the international symbol of victimhood. He wasn't about to surrender that status and take on the responsibility of actually building a functioning society."<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Samuels_(political_scientist)" title="David Samuels (political scientist)">David Samuels</a> quoted Mamduh Nofal, former military commander of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>, who supplied more evidence of pre-28 September military preparations. Nofal recounts that Arafat "told us, Now we are going to the fight, so we must be ready".<a href="#cite_note-atlantic-169">[169]</a> Barak as early as May had drawn up contingency plans to halt any intifada in its tracks by the extensive use of IDF snipers, a tactic that resulted in the high number of casualties among Palestinians during the first days of rioting.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> Arafat's widow Suha Arafat reportedly said on Dubai television in December 2012 that her husband had planned the uprising: "Immediately after the failure of the Camp David [negotiations], I met him in Paris upon his return.... Camp David had failed, and he said to me, 'You should remain in Paris.' I asked him why, and he said, 'Because I am going to start an intifada. They want me to betray the Palestinian cause. They want me to give up on our principles, and I will not do so,'" the research institute [MEMRI] translated Suha as saying.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Israel's <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_southern_Lebanon#Withdrawal_from_the_security_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon">unilateral pullout from Lebanon</a> in the summer of 2000 was, according to Philip Mattar, interpreted by the Arabs as an Israeli defeat and had a profound influence on tactics adopted in the Al Aqsa Intifada.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMattar200540-103">[103]</a> PLO official <a href="/wiki/Farouk_Kaddoumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Farouk Kaddoumi">Farouk Kaddoumi</a> told reporters: "We are optimistic. Hezbollah's resistance can be used as an example for other <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> seeking to regain their rights."<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> Many Palestinian officials have gone on record as saying that the intifada had been planned long in advance to put pressure on Israel. It is disputed however whether Arafat himself gave direct orders for the outbreak, though he did not intervene to put a brake on it<a href="#cite_note-Rosen-39">[39]</a> A personal advisor to Arafat, Manduh Nufal, claimed in early 2001 that the Palestinian Authority had played a crucial role in the outbreak of the Intifada.<a href="#cite_note-Catignani-70">[70]</a> Israeli's military response demolished a large part of the infrastructure built by the PA during the years following the Oslo Accords in preparation for a Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-Abufarha-173">[173]</a> This infrastructure included the legitimate arming of Palestinian forces for the first time: some 90 paramilitary camps had been set up to train Palestinian youths in armed conflict.<a href="#cite_note-Rosen-39">[39]</a> Some 40,000 armed and trained Palestinians existed in the occupied territories.<a href="#cite_note-Singh-53">[53]</a> On 29 September 2001 <a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a>, the leader of the Fatah <a href="/wiki/Tanzim" title="Tanzim">Tanzim</a> in an interview to <a href="/wiki/Al-Hayat" title="Al-Hayat">Al-Hayat</a>, described his role in the lead up to the intifada.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <blockquote>I knew that the end of September was the last period (of time) before the explosion, but when Sharon reached the al-Aqsa Mosque, this was the most appropriate moment for the outbreak of the intifada.... The night prior to Sharon's visit, I participated in a panel on a local television station and I seized the opportunity to call on the public to go to the al-Aqsa Mosque in the morning, for it was not possible that Sharon would reach al-Haram al-Sharif just so, and walk away peacefully. I finished and went to al-Aqsa in the morning.... We tried to create clashes without success because of the differences of opinion that emerged with others in the al-Aqsa compound at the time.... After Sharon left, I remained for two hours in the presence of other people, we discussed the manner of response and how it was possible to react in all the cities (bilad) and not just in Jerusalem. We contacted all (the Palestinian) factions.</blockquote> Barghouti also went on record as stating that the example of Hezbollah and Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon was a factor which contributed to the Intifada.<a href="#cite_note-Catignani-70">[70]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Thrall" title="Nathan Thrall">Nathan Thrall</a>, from <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Abrams" title="Elliott Abrams">Elliott Abrams</a>'s inside accounts of negotiations between 2001 and 2005, it would appear to be an inescapable conclusion that violence played an effective role in shaking Israeli complacency and furthering Palestinian goals: the U.S. endorsed the idea of a Palestinian State, Ariel Sharon became the first Israeli Prime Minister to affirm the same idea, and even spoke of Israel's "occupation", and the bloodshed was such that Sharon also decided to withdraw from Gaza, an area he long imagined Israel keeping.<a href="#cite_note-Thrall-175">[175]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Zakaria_Zubeidi" title="Zakaria Zubeidi">Zakaria Zubeidi</a>, former leader of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a>, considers the Intifada to be a total failure that achieved nothing for the Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Casualties">Casualties</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Second_Intifada_casualties" title="Category:Second Intifada casualties">Category:Second Intifada casualties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_casualties_of_war" title="Israeli casualties of war">Israeli casualties of war</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_casualties_of_war" title="Palestinian casualties of war">Palestinian casualties of war</a></div> The casualty data for the Second Intifada has been reported by a variety of sources and though there is general agreement regarding the overall number of dead, the statistical picture is blurred by disparities in how different types of casualties are counted and categorized. The sources do not vary widely over the data on Israeli casualties. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> reports that 1,053 Israelis were killed by Palestinian attacks through 30 April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Israeli journalist <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Schiff" title="Ze'ev Schiff">Ze'ev Schiff</a> reported similar numbers citing the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> as his source<a href="#cite_note-haaretz468469-178">[178]</a> in an August 2004 Haaretz article where he noted: <blockquote>The number of Israeli fatalities in the current conflict with the Palestinians exceeded 1,000 last week. Only two of the country's wars – the War of Independence and the Yom Kippur War – have claimed more Israeli lives than this intifada, which began on September 29, 2000. In the Six-Day War, 803 Israelis lost their lives, while the War of Attrition claimed 738 Israeli lives along the borders with Egypt, Syria and Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz468469-178">[178]</a></blockquote> There is little dispute as to the total number of Palestinians killed by Israelis. B'Tselem reports that through 30 April 2008, there were 4,745 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces, and 44 Palestinians killed by Israeli civilians.<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a> B'Tselem also reports 577 Palestinians killed by Palestinians through 30 April 2008.<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a> Between September 2000 and January 2005, 69 percent of Israeli fatalities were male, while over 95 percent of the Palestinian fatalities were male.<a href="#cite_note-statspage-8">[8]</a> "Remember These Children" reports that as of 1 February 2008, 119 Israeli children, age 17 and under, had been killed by Palestinians. Over the same time period, 982 Palestinian children, age 17 and under, were killed by Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-child_casualties-179">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combatant_versus_non-combatant_deaths">Combatant versus non-combatant deaths</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Civilian_casualties_in_the_Second_Intifada" title="Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada">Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada</a></div> Regarding the numbers of Israeli civilian versus combatant deaths, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> reports that through 30 April 2008 there were 719 Israeli civilians killed and 334 Israeli security force personnel killed.<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_deaths.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Intifada_deaths.svg/400px-Intifada_deaths.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Intifada_deaths.svg/600px-Intifada_deaths.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Intifada_deaths.svg/800px-Intifada_deaths.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="434" /></a><figcaption> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Israeli total</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Palestinian total</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Israeli breakdown</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Palestinian breakdown</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> The chart is based on B'Tselem casualty numbers.<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a> It does not include the 577 Palestinians killed by Palestinians.</figcaption></figure> B'Tselem reports<a href="#cite_note-casualties-177">[177]</a> that through 30 April 2008, out of 4,745 Palestinians killed by Israeli security forces, there were 1,671 "Palestinians who took part in the hostilities and were killed by Israeli security forces", or 35.2%. According to their statistics, 2,204 of those killed by Israeli security forces "did not take part in the hostilities", or 46.4%. There were 870 (18.5%) who B'Tselem defines as "Palestinians who were killed by Israeli security forces and it is not known if they were taking part in the hostilities". The B'Tselem casualties breakdown's reliability was questioned and its methodology has been heavily criticized by a variety of institutions and several groups and researchers, most notably <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>'s senior researcher, retired IDF lieutenant colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Dahoah-Halevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Dahoah-Halevi (page does not exist)">Jonathan Dahoah-Halevi</a>, who claimed that B'Tselem repeatedly classifies terror operatives and armed combatants as "uninvolved civilians", but also criticized the Israeli government for not collecting and publishing casualty data.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> <a href="/wiki/Caroline_B._Glick" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline B. Glick">Caroline B. Glick</a>, deputy managing editor of <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a> and former advisor to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a>, pointed to several instances where, she claimed, B'Tselem had misrepresented Palestinian rioters or terrorists as innocent victims, or where B'Tselem failed to report when an Arab allegedly changed his testimony about an attack by settlers.<a href="#cite_note-Glick-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America</a> (CAMERA), which said that B'Tselem repeatedly classified Arab combatants and terrorists as civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-sternthal-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The Israeli <a href="/wiki/International_Policy_Institute_for_Counter-Terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism">International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism</a> (IPICT), on the other hand, in a "Statistical Report Summary" for 27 September 2000, through 1 January 2005, indicates that 56% (1,542) of the 2,773 Palestinians killed by Israelis were combatants. According to their data, an additional 406 Palestinians were killed by actions of their own side. 22% (215) of the 988 Israelis killed by Palestinians were combatants. An additional 22 Israelis were killed by actions of their own side.<a href="#cite_note-statspage-8">[8]</a> IPICT counts "probable combatants" in its total of combatants. From their full report in September 2002: <blockquote>A 'probable combatant' is someone killed at a location and at a time during which an armed confrontation was going on, who appears most likely – but not certain – to have been an active participant in the fighting. For example, in many cases where an incident has resulted in a large number of Palestinian casualties, the only information available is that an individual was killed when Israeli soldiers returned fire in response to shots fired from a particular location. While it is possible that the person killed had not been active in the fighting and just happened to be in the vicinity of people who were, it is reasonable to assume that the number of such coincidental deaths is not particularly high. Where the accounts of an incident appear to support such a coincidence, the individual casualty has been given the benefit of the doubt, and assigned a non-combatant status.<a href="#cite_note-statspage-8">[8]</a></blockquote> In the same 2002 IPICT full report there is a pie chart (Graph 2.9) that lists the IPICT combatant breakdown for Palestinian deaths through September 2002. Here follow the statistics in that pie chart used to come up with the total combatant percentage through September 2002: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Combatants </th> <th>Percent of all Palestinian deaths </th></tr> <tr> <td>Full Combatants </td> <td>44.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Probable Combatants </td> <td>8.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Violent Protesters </td> <td>1.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Combatants </td> <td>54.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> On 24 August 2004, Haaretz reporter Ze'ev Schiff published casualty figures based on <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> data.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz468469-178">[178]</a> The Haaretz article reported: "There is a discrepancy of two or three casualties with the figures tabulated by the Israel Defense Forces." Here is a summary of the figures presented in the article: <ul><li>Over 1,000 Israelis were killed by Palestinian attacks in the al-Aqsa Intifada.</li> <li>Palestinians sources claim 2,736 Palestinians killed in the Intifada.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> has the names of 2,124 Palestinian dead.</li> <li>Out of the figure of 2,124 dead, Shin Bet assigned them to these organizations: <ul><li>466 <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> members</li> <li>408 <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Tanzim" title="Tanzim">Tanzim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li>205 <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a></li> <li>334 of "Palestinian security forces – for example, <a href="/wiki/Force_17" title="Force 17">Force 17</a>, the Palestinian police, General Intelligence, and the counter security apparatus"</li></ul></li></ul> The article does not say whether those killed were combatants or not. Here is a quote: <blockquote>The Palestinian security forces – for example, Force 17, the Palestinian police, General Intelligence, and the counter security apparatus – have lost 334 of its members during the current conflict, the Shin Bet figures show.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz468469-178">[178]</a></blockquote> In response to IDF statistics about Palestinian casualties in the West Bank, the Israeli human rights organization B'Tselem reported that two-thirds of the Palestinians killed in 2004 did not participate in the fighting.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-187">[187]</a> In 2009, historian <a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> stated in his retrospective book One State, Two States that about one third of the Palestinian deaths up to 2004 had been civilians.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinians_killed_by_Palestinians">Palestinians killed by Palestinians</h3></div> Concerning the killing of Palestinians by other Palestinians, a January 2003 The Humanist magazine article reports:<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">For over a decade the PA has violated Palestinian human rights and civil liberties by routinely killing civilians—including collaborators, demonstrators, journalists, and others—without charge or fair trial. Of the total number of Palestinian civilians killed during this period by both Israeli and Palestinian security forces, 16 percent were the victims of Palestinian security forces. ... According to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>'s annual survey of political rights and civil liberties, Freedom in the World 2001–2002, the chaotic nature of the Intifada along with strong Israeli reprisals has resulted in a deterioration of living conditions for Palestinians in Israeli-administered areas. The survey states: Civil liberties declined due to: shooting deaths of Palestinian civilians by Palestinian security personnel; the summary trial and executions of alleged collaborators by the Palestinian Authority (PA); extra-judicial killings of suspected collaborators by militias; and the apparent official encouragement of Palestinian youth to confront Israeli soldiers, thus placing them directly in harm's way.</blockquote> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_internal_political_violence" title="Palestinian internal political violence">Internal Palestinian violence</a> has been called an 'Intra'fada during this Intifada and the previous one.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div> On 25 January 2006, the Palestinians held <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">general elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a>. The Islamist group Hamas won with an unexpected majority of 74 seats, compared to 45 seats for <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> and 13 for other parties and independents. Hamas is officially declared as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of terrorist organisations">terrorist organization</a> by the United States and the European Union and its gaining control over the Palestinian Authority (such as by forming the government) would jeopardize international funds to the PA, by laws forbidding sponsoring of terrorist group. On 9 June, seven members of the Ghalia family <a href="/wiki/Gaza_beach_blast" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza beach blast">were killed</a> on a Gaza beach. The cause of the explosion remains uncertain. Nevertheless, in response, Hamas declared an end to its commitment to a ceasefire declared in 2005 and announced the resumption of attacks on Israelis. Palestinians blame an Israeli artillery shelling of nearby locations in the northern Gaza Strip for the deaths, while an Israeli military inquiry cleared itself from the charges. On 25 June, a military outpost was attacked by Palestinian militants and a gunbattle followed that left 2 Israeli soldiers and 3 Palestinian militants dead. Corporal <a href="/wiki/Gilad_Shalit" title="Gilad Shalit">Gilad Shalit</a>, an Israeli soldier, was captured and Israel warned of an imminent <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_Rains" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Summer Rains">military response</a> if the soldier was not returned unharmed. In the early hours of 28 June Israeli tanks, APCs and troops entered the Gaza Strip just hours after the air force had taken out two main bridges and the only powerstation in the strip, effectively shutting down electricity and water. <a href="/wiki/Operation_Summer_Rains" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Summer Rains">Operation Summer Rains</a> commenced, the first major phase of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a>, which continues to run independently of the intifada. On 26 November 2006, a truce was implemented between Israel and the Palestinian Authority. A 10 January 2007, Reuters article reports: "Hamas has largely abided by a November 26 truce which has calmed Israeli–Palestinian violence in Gaza."<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG/220px-Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG/330px-Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG/440px-Rockets_and_mortar_February_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="595" /></a><figcaption>Rocket and mortar shells from Gaza into Israel, February 2009</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2009_Gaza–Israel_War">2008–2009 Gaza–Israel War</h3></div> An intensification of the Gaza–Israel conflict, the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Gaza war</a>, occurred on 27 December 2008 (11:30 a.m. local time; 09:30 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>)<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> when Israel launched a <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">military campaign</a> codenamed Operation Cast Lead (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: מבצע עופרת יצוקה) targeting the members and infrastructure of Hamas in response to the <a href="/wiki/List_of_rocket_and_mortar_attacks_in_Israel_in_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rocket and mortar attacks in Israel in 2008">numerous rocket attacks upon Israel</a> from the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_400-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_7804051-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc_numbers_dec_30th-195">[195]</a> The operation has been termed the Gaza massacre (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: مجزرة غزة) by Hamas leaders and much of the media in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab World">Arab World</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre0-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre8-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre6-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre10-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre7-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazza_massacre1-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazza_massacre2-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-gazza_massacre3-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-gaza_massacre4-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_council_6060-205">[205]</a> On Saturday, 17 January 2009, Israel announced a unilateral ceasefire, conditional on elimination of further rocket and mortar attacks from Gaza, and began withdrawing over the next several days.<a href="#cite_note-ravid-206">[206]</a> Hamas later announced its own ceasefire, with its own conditions of complete withdrawal and opening of border crossings. A reduced level of mortar fire originating in Gaza continues, though Israel has so far not taken this as a breach of the ceasefire. The frequency of the attacks can be observed in the thumbnailed graph. The data corresponds to the article "<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008%E2%80%932009_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict">Timeline of the 2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>", using mainly Haaretz news reports from 1 February<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> up to 28 February.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> The usual IDF responses are airstrikes on weapon smuggling tunnels.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The violence continued on both sides throughout 2006. On 27 December the Israeli Human Rights Organization B'Tselem released its annual report on the Intifada. According to which, 660 Palestinians, a figure more than three times the number of Palestinian fatalities in 2005, and 23 Israelis, were killed in 2006. From a 28 December Haaretz article:<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> "According to the report, about half of the Palestinians killed, 322, did not take part in the hostilities at the time they were killed. 22 of those killed were targets of assassinations, and 141 were minors." 405 of 660 Palestinians were killed in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Israel-Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 Israel-Gaza conflict">2006 Israel-Gaza conflict</a>, which lasted from 28 June till 26 November. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2></div> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> civil uprising mainly focused on <a href="/wiki/Political_demonstration" title="Political demonstration">mass protests</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strikes</a>, the Second Intifada rapidly turned into an armed conflict between Palestinian militant groups and the Israel Defense Forces.<a href="#cite_note-:1-19">[19]</a> Palestinian tactics focused on Israeli civilians, soldiers, police and other security forces, and methods of attack included <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings</a>,<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-21">[21]</a> launching <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">rockets and mortars</a> into <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Q&A-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> kidnapping of both soldiers<a href="#cite_note-usatoday-214">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a> and civilians, including children,<a href="#cite_note-USA-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Globe_and_Mail_10_May_2001-216">[216]</a> shootings,<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> assassination,<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> stabbings,<a href="#cite_note-USA-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-IE-219">[219]</a> and lynchings.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> Israeli tactics included curbing Palestinians' movements through the setting up of <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint" title="Border checkpoint">checkpoints</a> and the enforcement of strict <a href="/wiki/Curfews" class="mw-redirect" title="Curfews">curfews</a> in certain areas. Infrastructural attacks against <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> targets such as police and prisons was another method to force the Palestinian Authority to repress the anti-Israeli protests and attacks on Israeli targets.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinians">Palestinians</h3></div> Militant groups involved in violence include <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad Movement">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (PFLP) and the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a>. The most lethal Palestinian tactic was the <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombing</a> (see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_militant_groups_suicide_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Palestinian militant groups suicide attacks">List</a>). Conducted as a single or double bombing, suicide bombings were generally conducted against "soft" targets, or "lightly hardened" targets (such as checkpoints) to try to raise the cost of the war to Israelis and demoralize the Israeli society. Most suicide bombing attacks (although not all) targeted civilians, and were conducted in crowded places in Israeli cities, such as public transport, restaurants, shopping malls and markets. One major development was the use of <a href="/wiki/Child_suicide_bombers_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Child suicide bombers in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">suicide bombs carried by children</a>. Unlike most suicide bombings, the use of these not only earned condemnation from the United States and from human rights groups such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, but also from many Palestinians and much of the Middle East press. The youngest Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Child_suicide_bombers_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Child suicide bombers in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">suicide bomber</a> was 16-year-old Issa Bdeir, a high school student from the village of Al Doha, who shocked his friends and family when he blew himself up in a park in <a href="/wiki/Rishon_LeZion" title="Rishon LeZion">Rishon LeZion</a>, killing a teenage boy and an elderly man. The youngest attempted suicide bombing was by a 14-year-old captured by soldiers at the <a href="/wiki/Huwwara_Checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Huwwara Checkpoint">Huwwara checkpoint</a> before managing to do any harm. Militant groups also waged a high-intensity campaign of <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> against Israeli military and civilian targets inside Israel and in the Palestinian Territories, utilizing tactics such as <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sniper" title="Sniper">sniper attacks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombing">suicide bombings</a>. Military equipment was mostly imported, while some light arms, hand grenades and <a href="/wiki/Explosive_belt" title="Explosive belt">explosive belts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assault_rifle" title="Assault rifle">assault rifles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qassam_rocket" title="Qassam rocket">Qassam rockets</a> were indigenously produced. They also increased use of remote-controlled <a href="/wiki/Land_mine" title="Land mine">landmines</a> against Israeli armor, a tactic that was highly popular among the poorly armed groups. <a href="/wiki/Car_bomb" title="Car bomb">Car bombs</a> were often used against "lightly hardened" targets such as Israeli armored jeeps and checkpoints. Also, more than 1,500 Palestinian <a href="/wiki/Drive-by_shooting" title="Drive-by shooting">drive-by shootings</a> killed 75 people in only the first year of the Intifada.<a href="#cite_note-Luft-221">[221]</a> In May 2004, Israel Defense minister <a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a> claimed that <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East</a>'s ambulances were used to take the bodies of dead Israeli soldiers in order to prevent the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> from recovering their dead.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Reuters has provided video of healthy armed men entering ambulance with UN markings for transport. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency_for_Palestine_Refugees_in_the_Near_East" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East">UNRWA</a> initially denied that its ambulances carry militants but later reported that the driver was forced to comply with threats from armed men. UNRWA still denies that their ambulances carried body parts of dead Israeli soldiers. In August 2004, Israel said that an advanced explosives-detection device employed by the IDF at the Hawara checkpoint near Nablus discovered a Palestinian ambulance had transported explosive material. Some of the Palestinian reaction to Israeli policy in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> has consisted of non-violent protest,<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> primarily in and near the village of <a href="/wiki/Bil%27in" title="Bil'in">Bil'in</a>. Groups such as the Palestinian Centre for Rapprochement, which works out of Beit Sahour, formally encourage and organize non-violent resistance.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> Other groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Solidarity_Movement" title="International Solidarity Movement">International Solidarity Movement</a> openly advocate non-violent resistance. Some of these activities are done in cooperation with internationals and Israelis, such as the weekly protests against the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_Barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank Barrier">Israeli West Bank Barrier</a> carried out in villages like Bi'lin,<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> Biddu<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> and Budrus.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> This model of resistance has spread to other villages like Beit Sira,<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> Hebron, Saffa, and Ni'lein.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> During the Israeli re-invasion of Jenin and Nablus, "A Call for a Non-violent Resistance Strategy in Palestine" was issued by two Palestinian Christians in May 2002.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Non-violent tactics have sometimes been met with Israeli military force. For example, Amnesty International notes that "10-year-old Naji Abu Qamer, 11-year-old Mubarak Salim al-Hashash and 13-year-old Mahmoud Tariq Mansour were among eight unarmed demonstrators killed in the early afternoon of May 19, 2004 in Rafah, in the Gaza Strip, when the Israeli army open fire on a non-violent demonstration with tank shells and a missile launched from a helicopter gunship. Dozens of other unarmed demonstrators were wounded in the attack." According to Israeli army and government officials, the tanks shelled a nearby empty building and a helicopter fired a missile in a nearby open space in order to deter the demonstrators from proceeding towards Israeli army positions.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg/250px-IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg/375px-IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg/500px-IDF-D9-Zachi-Evenor-001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3666" data-file-height="3066" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armoured_bulldozer" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured bulldozer">armoured bulldozer</a>. Military experts cited the D9 as a key factor in keeping IDF casualties low.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AH-64Apache004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/AH-64Apache004.jpg/250px-AH-64Apache004.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/AH-64Apache004.jpg/375px-AH-64Apache004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/AH-64Apache004.jpg/500px-AH-64Apache004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> (IAF) <a href="/wiki/AH-64_Apache" class="mw-redirect" title="AH-64 Apache">AH-64 Apache</a> were used as platform for shooting <a href="/wiki/Guided_missile" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided missile">guided missiles</a> at Palestinian targets and employed at the <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killing" title="Targeted killing">targeted killings</a> policy against senior militants and terrorists leaders.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) countered Palestinian attacks with incursions against militant targets into the West Bank and Gaza Strip, adopting highly effective <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">urban combat</a> tactics. The IDF stressed the safety of their troops, using such heavily armored equipment as the <a href="/wiki/Merkava" title="Merkava">Merkava</a> heavy tank and armored personnel carriers, and carried out airstrikes with various military aircraft including <a href="/wiki/F-16_Fighting_Falcon" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16 Fighting Falcon">F-16s</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">drone aircraft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">helicopter gunships</a> to strike militant targets. Much of the ground fighting was conducted house-to-house by well-armed and well-trained infantry. Due to its superior training, equipment, and numbers, the IDF had the upper hand during street fighting. Palestinian armed groups suffered heavy losses during combat, but the operations were often criticized internationally due to the civilian casualties often caused. Palestinian metalworking shops and other business facilities suspected by Israel of being used to manufacture weapons were regularly targeted by airstrikes, as well as Gaza Strip smuggling tunnels. Israeli <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armored_bulldozer" title="Armored bulldozer">armored bulldozers</a> were routinely employed to detonate <a href="/wiki/Booby_trap" title="Booby trap">booby traps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device" title="Improvised explosive device">IEDs</a>, to demolish houses along the border with Egypt that were used for shooting at Israeli troops, to create "buffer zones", and to support military operations in the West Bank. Until February 2005, Israel had in place a policy to demolish the family homes of suicide bombers after giving them a notice to evacuate. Due to the considerable number of Palestinians living in single homes, the large quantity of homes destroyed, and collateral damage from home demolitions, it became an increasingly controversial tactic. Families began providing timely information to Israeli forces regarding suicide bombing activities in order to prevent the demolition of their homes, although families doing so risked being executed or otherwise punished for <a href="/wiki/Collaborationism" class="mw-redirect" title="Collaborationism">collaboration</a>, either by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> or extrajudicially by Palestinian militants. The IDF committee studying the issue recommended ending the practice because the policy was not effective enough to justify its costs to Israel's image internationally and the backlash it created among Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> With complete ground and air superiority, mass arrests were regularly conducted by Israeli military and police forces; at any given time, there were about 6,000 Palestinian prisoners detained in Israeli prisons, about half of them held temporarily without a final indictment, in accordance with Israeli law. The tactic of military "<a href="/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew">curfew</a>" – long-term lockdown of civilian areas – was used extensively by Israel throughout the Intifada. The longest curfew was in <a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a>, which was kept under curfew for over 100 consecutive days, with generally under two hours per day allowed for people to get food or conduct other business. Security <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces_checkpoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel Defense Forces checkpoint">checkpoints</a> and roadblocks were erected inside and between Palestinian cities, subjecting all people and vehicles to security inspection for free passage. Israel defended those checkpoints as being necessary to stop militants and limit the ability to move weapons around. However some Palestinian, Israeli and International observers and organizations have criticized the checkpoints as excessive, humiliating, and a major cause of the humanitarian situation in the Occupied Territories. Transit could be delayed by several hours, depending on the security situation in Israel. Sniper towers were used extensively in the Gaza Strip before the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">pullout</a>. The Israeli intelligence services <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a> penetrated Palestinian militant organizations by relying on moles and sources within armed groups, tapping communication lines, and aerial reconnaissance.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The intelligence gathered allowed the IDF, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Border_Police" title="Israel Border Police">Israel Border Police</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Yamam" title="Yamam">Yamam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mistaravim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistaravim">Mistaravim</a> special forces units, to thwart hundreds of planned suicide bombings. The intelligence gathered also helped create a list of Palestinians marked for targeted killings. Israel extensively used <a href="/wiki/Israeli_targeted_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli targeted killings">targeted killings</a>, the assassinations of Palestinians involved in organizing attacks against Israelis, to eliminate imminent threats and to deter others from following suit, relying primarily on airstrikes and covert operations to carry them out. The strategy of targeted killings had been proposed by Shin Bet, which determined that while it was impossible to stop every single suicide bomber, suicide bombings could be stopped by directly attacking the conspiratorial infrastructure behind them by killing operational commanders, recruiters, couriers, weapons procurers, maintainers of safehouses, and smugglers of money which financed the bombings.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> Israel was criticized for the use of <a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">helicopter gunships</a> in urban assassinations, which often resulted in civilian casualties. Israel criticized what it described as a practice of militant leaders hiding among civilians in densely populated areas, thus turning them into unwitting <a href="/wiki/Human_shield" title="Human shield">human shields</a>. Throughout the Intifada, the Palestinian leadership suffered heavy losses through targeted killings. The practice has been widely condemned as extrajudicial executions by the international community,<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> while the Israeli High Court ruled that it is a legitimate measure of <a href="/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense">self-defense</a> against terrorism.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] criticize the targeted killings for placing civilians at risk, though its supporters believe it reduces civilian casualties on both sides. In response to repeated rocket attacks from the Gaza Strip, the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> imposed a <a href="/wiki/2007-present_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2007-present blockade of the Gaza Strip">maritime blockade</a> on the area. Israel also sealed the border and closed Gaza's airspace in coordination with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and subjected all humanitarian supplies entering the Strip to security inspection before transferring them through land crossings. Construction materials were declared banned due to their possible use to build bunkers.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> The blockade has been internationally criticized as a form of "<a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a>" against Gaza's civilian population.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_involvement">International involvement</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel and the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel-United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel-United States relations">Israel-United States relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Solidarity_Movement" title="International Solidarity Movement">International Solidarity Movement</a>, and <a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></div> The international community has long taken an involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>, and this involvement has only increased during the al-Aqsa Intifada. Israel currently receives $3 billion in annual <a href="/wiki/Israel_%E2%80%93_United_States_military_relations#Military_aid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel – United States military relations">military aid from the United States</a>, excluding loan guarantees.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> Even though Israel is a developed industrial country, it has remained as the largest annual recipient of US foreign assistance since 1976.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2007-244">[244]</a> It is also the only recipient of US economic aid that does not have to account for how it is spent.<a href="#cite_note-Mearsheimer_2007-244">[244]</a> The Palestinian Authority receives $100 million annually in military aid from the United States and $2 billion in global financial aid, including "$526 million from <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a>, $651 million from the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, $300 million from the US and about $238 million from the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>".<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> According to the United Nations, the Palestinian territories are among the leading humanitarian aid recipients.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> Additionally, private groups have become increasingly involved in the conflict, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Solidarity_Movement" title="International Solidarity Movement">International Solidarity Movement</a> on the side of the Palestinians, and the <a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a> on the side of the Israelis. In the 2001 and 2002 <a href="/wiki/Arab_League_Summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab League Summit">Arab League Summits</a>, the Arab states pledged support for the Second Intifada just as they had pledged support for the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> in two consecutive summits in the late 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_the_Oslo_Accords">Impact on the Oslo Accords</h2></div> Since the start of the Second Intifada and its emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Suicide_attack" title="Suicide attack">suicide bombers</a> deliberately targeting civilians riding public transportation (<a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> began to be viewed with increasing disfavor by the Israeli public. In May 2000, seven years after the Oslo Accords and five months before the start of the Second Intifada, a survey<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> by the Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research at the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a> found that 39% of all Israelis support the Accords and that 32% believe that the Accords will result in peace in the next few years. In contrast, a survey in May 2004 found that 26% of all Israelis support the Accords and 18% believe that the Accords will result in peace in the next few years; decreases of 13% and 16% respectively. Furthermore, a later survey found that 80% of all Israelis believe the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> have succeeded in dealing with the Second Intifada militarily.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_effects">Economic effects</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel_2">Israel</h3></div> The Israeli commerce experienced a significant negative effect, particularly due to a sharp drop in tourism. A representative of Israel's Chamber of Commerce estimated the cumulative economic damage caused by the crisis at 150 to 200 billion <a href="/wiki/Israeli_shekel" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli shekel">shekels</a> (US$35–45 billion) – against an annual GDP of $122 billion in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Tabarani-251">[251]</a> The Israeli economy recovered after 2005 with the sharply decrease in suicide bombings, following <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Shin-Bet" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin-Bet">Shin-Bet</a>'s efforts. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palestinian_Authority">Palestinian Authority</h3></div> The Office of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Coordinator_for_the_Middle_East_Peace_Process" title="United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process">United Nations Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process</a> (UNSCO) estimated the damage to the Palestinian economy at over $1.1 billion in the first quarter of 2002, compared to an annual GDP of $4.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-Tabarani-251">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharm_el-Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a> – started in 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_demolition_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="House demolition in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">House demolition in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumud" title="Sumud">Sumud</a> (steadfastness)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Temple Mount riots">1990 Temple Mount riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Silent Intifada">Silent Intifada</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_(2015)" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)">Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">List of modern conflicts in the Middle East</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Directly connected to the Second Intifada and its aftermath</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">List of Palestinian suicide attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_civilian_casualties_in_the_Second_Intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli civilian casualties in the Second Intifada">List of Israeli civilian casualties in the Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2000">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2001">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2002" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2002">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2003">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2004">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2005">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2006" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2006">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2007">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2008">Violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 2008</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmos_HarelAvi_Issacharoff2010" class="citation news cs1">Amos Harel; Avi Issacharoff (1 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/years-of-rage-1.316603">"Years of Rage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140702094014/http://www.haaretz.com/weekend/week-s-end/years-of-rage-1.316603">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Years+of+Rage&rft.date=2010-10-01&rft.au=Amos+Harel&rft.au=Avi+Issacharoff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fweekend%2Fweek-s-end%2Fyears-of-rage-1.316603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_King2004" class="citation news cs1">Laura King (28 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-sep-28-fg-intifada28-story.html">"Losing faith in the intifada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120921132644/http://articles.latimes.com/2004/sep/28/world/fg-intifada28">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Losing+faith+in+the+intifada&rft.date=2004-09-28&rft.au=Laura+King&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2004-sep-28-fg-intifada28-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson_Diehl2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Diehl" title="Jackson Diehl">Jackson Diehl</a> (27 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52801-2004Sep26.html">"From Jenin to Falluja"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140203212546/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52801-2004Sep26.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 February 2014. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishworldreview.com/0704/chafets_2004_07_22.php3">the original</a> on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Jewish+Review&rft.atitle=The+Intifadeh+is+over+%E2%80%93+just+listen&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft.au=Zeev+Chafetz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishworldreview.com%2F0704%2Fchafets_2004_07_22.php3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajor-General_(res)_Yaakov_Amidror2010" class="citation web cs1">Major-General (res) <a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Amidror" title="Yaakov Amidror">Yaakov Amidror</a> (23 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcpa.org/article/winning-counterinsurgency-war-the-israeli-experience/">"Winning the counterinsurgency war: The Israeli experience"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Center_for_Public_Affairs" title="Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140701102758/http://jcpa.org/article/winning-counterinsurgency-war-the-israeli-experience/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs&rft.atitle=Winning+the+counterinsurgency+war%3A+The+Israeli+experience&rft.date=2010-08-23&rft.au=Major-General+%28res%29+Yaakov+Amidror&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcpa.org%2Farticle%2Fwinning-counterinsurgency-war-the-israeli-experience%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillel_Frisch2009" class="citation news cs1">Hillel Frisch (12 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives57Eng.pdf">"The need for a decisive Israeli victory over Hamas"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Begin%E2%80%93Sadat_Center_for_Strategic_Studies" title="Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies">Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205750/http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives57Eng.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+need+for+a+decisive+Israeli+victory+over+Hamas&rft.date=2009-01-12&rft.au=Hillel+Frisch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biu.ac.il%2FSOC%2Fbesa%2Fdocs%2Fperspectives57Eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-casualties2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-casualties2_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties2_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties2_7-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701064428/http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=26&eM=12&eY=2008&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/english/statistics/casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=26&eM=12&eY=2008&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">the original</a> on 1 July 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27Tselem+%E2%80%93+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Fatalities&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fenglish%2Fstatistics%2Fcasualties.asp%3FsD%3D29%26sM%3D09%26sY%3D2000%26eD%3D26%26eM%3D12%26eY%3D2008%26filterby%3Devent%26oferet_stat%3Dbefore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-statspage-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-statspage_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statspage_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statspage_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statspage_8-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-statspage_8-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070703195937/http://212.150.54.123/casualties_project/stats_page.cfm">"Breakdown of Fatalities: 27 September 2000 through 1 January 2005"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Counter-Terrorism" title="International Institute for Counter-Terrorism">International Institute for Counter-Terrorism</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://212.150.54.123/casualties_project/stats_page.cfm">the original</a> on 3 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Breakdown+of+Fatalities%3A+27+September+2000+through+1+January+2005&rft.pub=International+Institute+for+Counter-Terrorism&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F212.150.54.123%2Fcasualties_project%2Fstats_page.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> Full report: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Radlauer2002" class="citation web cs1">Don Radlauer (29 September 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928191559/http://212.150.54.123/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=439">"An Engineered Tragedy: Statistical Analysis of Casualties in the Palestinian – Israeli Conflict, September 2000 – September 2002"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Counter-Terrorism" title="International Institute for Counter-Terrorism">International Institute for Counter-Terrorism</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://212.150.54.123/articles/articledet.cfm?articleid=439">the original</a> on 28 September 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Engineered+Tragedy%3A+Statistical+Analysis+of+Casualties+in+the+Palestinian+%E2%80%93+Israeli+Conflict%2C+September+2000+%E2%80%93+September+2002&rft.pub=International+Institute+for+Counter-Terrorism&rft.date=2002-09-29&rft.au=Don+Radlauer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F212.150.54.123%2Farticles%2Farticledet.cfm%3Farticleid%3D439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988">. Also at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDon_Radlauer" class="citation web cs1">Don Radlauer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150305182911/http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/mostly.html">"An Engineered Tragedy: Statistical Analysis of Casualties in the Palestinian – Israeli Conflict, September 2000 – September 2002"</a>. EretzYisroel.Org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eretzyisroel.org/~jkatz/mostly.html">the original</a> on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Engineered+Tragedy%3A+Statistical+Analysis+of+Casualties+in+the+Palestinian+%E2%80%93+Israeli+Conflict%2C+September+2000+%E2%80%93+September+2002&rft.pub=EretzYisroel.Org&rft.au=Don+Radlauer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eretzyisroel.org%2F~jkatz%2Fmostly.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCstats-9"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCstats_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3694350.stm">"Intifada toll 2000–2005"</a>. BBC News. 8 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150117121043/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3694350.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Intifada+toll+2000%E2%80%932005&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F3694350.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-un2009jan9-10"><a href="#cite_ref-un2009jan9_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924055012/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_09_english.pdf">"Field Update on Gaza from the Humanitarian Coordinator"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a>. 9 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_09_english.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Field+Update+on+Gaza+from+the+Humanitarian+Coordinator&rft.pub=United+Nations+Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs&rft.date=2009-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Focha_opt_gaza_humanitarian_situation_report_2009_01_09_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBBC2004-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2004_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBBC2004_11-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBBC2004">BBC 2004</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArajBrym2010" class="citation journal cs1">Araj, Bader; Brym, Robert J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0268580909351327">"Opportunity, Culture and Agency: Influences on Fatah and Hamas Strategic Action during the Second Intifada"</a>. International Sociology. 25 (6): 842–868. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0268580909351327">10.1177/0268580909351327</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0268-5809">0268-5809</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240518055641/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0268580909351327">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2024. <q>Strategic action by the two main Palestinian militant organizations, Fatah and Hamas, during the second intifada or uprising against the Israeli state and people (2000—5). ... during the second intifada, or uprising, of Palestinians against Israel between 2000 and 2005</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Sociology&rft.atitle=Opportunity%2C+Culture+and+Agency%3A+Influences+on+Fatah+and+Hamas+Strategic+Action+during+the+Second+Intifada&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=842-868&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0268580909351327&rft.issn=0268-5809&rft.aulast=Araj&rft.aufirst=Bader&rft.au=Brym%2C+Robert+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0268580909351327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Robert B. (1 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9045-3">"A Globalized Conflict: European Anti-Jewish Violence during the Second Intifada"</a>. Quality & Quantity. 42 (2): 135–180. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11135-006-9045-3">10.1007/s11135-006-9045-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-7845">1573-7845</a>. <q>The globalization of the Arab–Israeli conflict during the period of the second intifada against Israel (from the autumn 2000 through at least the spring of 2005) has fostered anti-Jewish violence in Europe and throughout the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+%26+Quantity&rft.atitle=A+Globalized+Conflict%3A+European+Anti-Jewish+Violence+during+the+Second+Intifada&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=135-180&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11135-006-9045-3&rft.issn=1573-7845&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs11135-006-9045-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2006114-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPressman2006114_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPressman2006114_14-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPressman2006">Pressman 2006</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTE''NPR''2014-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTE''NPR''2014_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNPR2014">NPR 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByman2011114-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByman2011114_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFByman2011">Byman 2011</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelstein,_20082-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelstein,_20082_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Finkelstein, Norman G.</a> (2008). "4". Beyond Chutzpah: On the misuse of anti-Semitism and the abuse of history (expanded paperback ed.). Berkeley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4&rft.btitle=Beyond+Chutzpah%3A+On+the+misuse+of+anti-Semitism+and+the+abuse+of+history&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=expanded+paperback&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Norman+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Finkelstein,_2008-18"><a href="#cite_ref-Finkelstein,_2008_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelstein2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Finkelstein" title="Norman Finkelstein">Finkelstein, Norman G.</a> (2008). "4". Beyond Chutzpah: On the misuse of anti-Semitism and the abuse of history (expanded paperback ed.). Berkeley.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=4&rft.btitle=Beyond+Chutzpah%3A+On+the+misuse+of+anti-Semitism+and+the+abuse+of+history&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.edition=expanded+paperback&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Norman+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2010" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Samy (2010). "Botched Engagement in the Intifada". Israel's Asymmetric Wars. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 73–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230112971_6">10.1057/9780230112971_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28896-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28896-0"><bdi>978-1-349-28896-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Botched+Engagement+in+the+Intifada&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Asymmetric+Wars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=73-91&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230112971_6&rft.isbn=978-1-349-28896-0&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Samy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988">"The al-Aqsa Intifada ushered in an era with a new brand of violence. It began with a popular uprising following Ariel Sharon's visit to Temple Mount on September 28, 2000. But unlike the first Intifada, which was basically a civil uprising against the symbols of an occupation that has lasted since June 1967, the second Intifada very quickly lapsed into an armed struggle between Palestinian activists and the Israeli armed forces. Almost from the very start, armed men took to hiding among crowds of Palestinians, using them as cover to shoot from. The IDF retaliated forcefully, each time causing several casualties." Cite error: The named reference ":1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKober2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kober, Avi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcs/2009-v29-jcs_27_1/jcs27_1_1art06/">"Targeted Killing during the Second Intifada:: The Quest for Effectiveness"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Conflict_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Conflict Studies (page does not exist)">Journal of Conflict Studies</a>. 27 (1): 94–114. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1198-8614">1198-8614</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405160428/https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcs/2009-v29-jcs_27_1/jcs27_1_1art06/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <q>Based on the assumption that there was no longer one front or one line of contact, Israel was carrying out dozens of simultaneous operations on the ground and in the air on a daily basis, including TKs, which were supposed to have multi-dimensional effects. According to Byman, TKs were mostly attractive to Israelis as they satisfied domestic demands for a forceful response to Palestinian terrorism. Byman also believes that by bolstering public morale, the TKs helped counter one of the terrorists' primary objectives – to reduce the faith of Israelis in their own government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=Targeted+Killing+during+the+Second+Intifada%3A%3A+The+Quest+for+Effectiveness&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-114&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1198-8614&rft.aulast=Kober&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Fen%2Fjournals%2Fjcs%2F2009-v29-jcs_27_1%2Fjcs27_1_1art06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattaRojas2016" class="citation journal cs1">Matta, Nada; Rojas, René (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie/article/abs/second-intifada/CEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF">"The Second Intifada: A Dual Strategy Arena"</a>. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie. 57 (1): 66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003975616000035">10.1017/S0003975616000035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9756">0003-9756</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146939293">146939293</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405161756/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie/article/abs/second-intifada/CEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <q>Suicide terror, lethal attacks indiscriminately carried out against civilians via self-immolation, attained prominence in the Palestinian repertoire beginning in March 2001. From that point until the end of 2005, at which point they virtually ceased, 57 suicide bombings were carried out, causing 491 civilian deaths, 73% of the total civilians killed by Palestinian resistance organizations and 50% of all Israeli fatalities during this period. While not the modal coercive tactic, suicide terror was the most efficient in terms of lethality, our basic measure of its efficacy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Sociology+%2F+Archives+Europ%C3%A9ennes+de+Sociologie&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+A+Dual+Strategy+Arena&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146939293%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-9756&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003975616000035&rft.aulast=Matta&rft.aufirst=Nada&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Feuropean-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fsecond-intifada%2FCEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrymAraj2006" class="citation journal cs1">Brym, R. J.; Araj, B. (1 June 2006). "Suicide Bombing as Strategy and Interaction: The Case of the Second Intifada". <a href="/wiki/Social_Forces" title="Social Forces">Social Forces</a>. 84 (4): 1969. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0081">10.1353/sof.2006.0081</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7732">0037-7732</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146180585">146180585</a>. <q>In the early years of the 21st century, Israel, the West Bank and Gaza became the region of the world with the highest frequency of - and the highest per capita death toll due to - suicide bombing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Suicide+Bombing+as+Strategy+and+Interaction%3A+The+Case+of+the+Second+Intifada&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1969&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146180585%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0037-7732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0081&rft.aulast=Brym&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.au=Araj%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchweitzer2010" class="citation journal cs1">Schweitzer, Y. (2010). "The rise and fall of suicide bombings in the second Intifada". Strategic Assessment. 13 (3): 39–48. <q>As part of the violence perpetrated by the Palestinians during the second intifada, suicide bombings played a particularly prominent role and served as the primary effective weapon in the hands of the planners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Assessment&rft.atitle=The+rise+and+fall+of+suicide+bombings+in+the+second+Intifada&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=39-48&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Schweitzer&rft.aufirst=Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchachter2010" class="citation journal cs1">Schachter, J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930061049/https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/antq/fe-3427267573.pdf">"The End of the Second Intifada?"</a> (PDF). Strategic Assessment. 13 (3): 63–70. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/antq/fe-3427267573.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 September 2021. <q>This article attempts to identify the end of the second intifada by focusing on the incidence of suicide bombings, arguably the most important element of second intifada-related violence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Assessment&rft.atitle=The+End+of+the+Second+Intifada%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=63-70&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Schachter&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstrategicassessment.inss.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fantq%2Ffe-3427267573.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSela-Shayovitz2007" class="citation journal cs1">Sela-Shayovitz, R. (2007). "Suicide bombers in Israel: Their motivations, characteristics, and prior activity in terrorist organizations". <a href="/wiki/International_Journal_of_Conflict_and_Violence" title="International Journal of Conflict and Violence">International Journal of Conflict and Violence</a>. 1 (2): 163. <q>The period of the second Intifada significantly differs from other historical periods in Israeli history, because it has been characterized by intensive and numerous suicide attacks that have made civilian life into a battlefront.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Conflict+and+Violence&rft.atitle=Suicide+bombers+in+Israel%3A+Their+motivations%2C+characteristics%2C+and+prior+activity+in+terrorist+organizations&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sela-Shayovitz&rft.aufirst=R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-casualties2005-26"><a href="#cite_ref-casualties2005_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414103627/http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=15&eM=1&eY=2005&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities 29.9.2000–15.1.2005"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=15&eM=1&eY=2005&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">the original</a> on 14 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B%27Tselem&rft.atitle=B%27Tselem+%E2%80%93+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Fatalities+29.9.2000%E2%80%9315.1.2005&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.btselem.org%2Fstatistics%2Fenglish%2FCasualties.asp%3FsD%3D29%26sM%3D09%26sY%3D2000%26eD%3D15%26eM%3D1%26eY%3D2005%26filterby%3Devent%26oferet_stat%3Dbefore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETucker2019958-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETucker2019958_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTucker2019">Tucker 2019</a>, p. 958p: he [Abbas] and Israeli prime minister Sharon agreed in an early 2005 summit to suspend hostilities. This agreement effectively ended the Second Intifada </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbbas2005-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbbas2005_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAbbas2005">Abbas 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESharon2005-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESharon2005_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSharon2005">Sharon 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReinhart200677-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReinhart200677_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReinhart2006">Reinhart 2006</a>, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libcom.org/history/1977-egypts-bread-intifada">"1977: Egypt's bread intifada"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161002194415/https://libcom.org/history/1977-egypts-bread-intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 2 October 2016. Retrieved 2 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1977%3A+Egypt%27s+bread+intifada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibcom.org%2Fhistory%2F1977-egypts-bread-intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinovich2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Itamar_Rabinovich" title="Itamar Rabinovich">Rabinovich, Itamar</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wagingpeaceisrae00rabi_0/page/306">Waging Peace: Israel and the Arabs, 1948–2003</a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wagingpeaceisrae00rabi_0/page/306">306</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11982-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-11982-3"><bdi>978-0-691-11982-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Waging+Peace%3A+Israel+and+the+Arabs%2C+1948%E2%80%932003&rft.pages=306&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-691-11982-3&rft.aulast=Rabinovich&rft.aufirst=Itamar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwagingpeaceisrae00rabi_0%2Fpage%2F306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevin_Sper2004" class="citation book cs1">Devin Sper (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futureofisrael0000sper/page/335">The Future of Israel</a>. Sy Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/futureofisrael0000sper/page/335">335</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9761613-0-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9761613-0-1"><bdi>978-0-9761613-0-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+Israel&rft.pages=335&rft.pub=Sy+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-9761613-0-1&rft.au=Devin+Sper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffutureofisrael0000sper%2Fpage%2F335&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBinyamin_Elon2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Binyamin_Elon" title="Binyamin Elon">Binyamin Elon</a> (2005). God's Covenant With Israel: Establishing Biblical Boundaries in Today's World. Balfour Books. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89221-627-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89221-627-7"><bdi>978-0-89221-627-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Covenant+With+Israel%3A+Establishing+Biblical+Boundaries+in+Today%27s+World&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Balfour+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-89221-627-7&rft.au=Binyamin+Elon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SBA2006-35"><a href="#cite_ref-SBA2006_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen-Ami2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shlomo_Ben-Ami" title="Shlomo Ben-Ami">Ben-Ami, Shlomo</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scarsofwarwounds00bena/page/267">Scars of War, Wounds of Peace</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/scarsofwarwounds00bena/page/267">267</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518158-6"><bdi>978-0-19-518158-6</bdi></a>. <q>Israel's disproportionate response to what had started as a popular uprising with young, unarmed men confronting Israeli soldiers armed with lethal weapons fueled the Intifada beyond control and turned it into an all-out war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scars+of+War%2C+Wounds+of+Peace&rft.place=London&rft.pages=267&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518158-6&rft.aulast=Ben-Ami&rft.aufirst=Shlomo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fscarsofwarwounds00bena%2Fpage%2F267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-causes-36"><a href="#cite_ref-causes_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Pressman2023" class="citation journal cs1">Jeremy Pressman (11 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/220/378">"The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Conflict_Studies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Conflict Studies (page does not exist)">Journal of Conflict Studies</a>. 23 (2). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191004233916/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/220/378">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+Background+and+Causes+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2023-11-11&rft.au=Jeremy+Pressman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2Fjcs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F220%2F378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrisch2010" class="citation book cs1">Frisch, Hillel (2010) [2008]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLdwp_4BZhMC&pg=PA102">The Palestinian Military: Between Militias and Armies</a>. Routledge. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-15789-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-15789-1"><bdi>978-1-134-15789-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223214619/https://books.google.com/books?id=SLdwp_4BZhMC&pg=PA102">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Military%3A+Between+Militias+and+Armies&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-134-15789-1&rft.aulast=Frisch&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSLdwp_4BZhMC%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmemann-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmemann_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmemann_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmemann_38-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmemann_38-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann1997" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Schmemann" title="Serge Schmemann">Schmemann, Serge</a> (5 December 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C02E3D9133DF936A35751C1A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print">"In West Bank, 'Time' for Settlements Is Clearly Not 'Out'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220326135407/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/12/05/world/in-west-bank-time-for-settlements-is-clearly-not-out.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print">Archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2022. Retrieved 18 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+West+Bank%2C+%27Time%27+for+Settlements+Is+Clearly+Not+%27Out%27&rft.date=1997-12-05&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9C02E3D9133DF936A35751C1A961958260%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dprint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosen-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_39-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rosen_39-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_M.2005" class="citation book cs1">David M., Rosen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zQYQ0tho6mAC&pg=PA119">Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism</a>. Rutgers University Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3568-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3568-5"><bdi>978-0-8135-3568-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820043059/https://books.google.com/books?id=zQYQ0tho6mAC&pg=PA119">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armies+of+the+Young%3A+Child+Soldiers+in+War+and+Terrorism&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3568-5&rft.aulast=David+M.&rft.aufirst=Rosen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzQYQ0tho6mAC%26pg%3DPA119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303191541/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/10/sm.07.html">"Palestinian Parliament Expected to Not Declare an Independent Palestinian State"</a>. CNN. 10 September 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0009/10/sm.07.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Parliament+Expected+to+Not+Declare+an+Independent+Palestinian+State&rft.date=2000-09-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2FTRANSCRIPTS%2F0009%2F10%2Fsm.07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FMEP-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FMEP_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414194355/http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-8/no.-2/extraordinary-increase-in-settlement-construction-as-diplomacy-falters">"Extraordinary Increase in Settlement Construction as Diplomacy Falters"</a>. Settlement Report. 8 (2). Foundation for Middle East Peace. March–April 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmep.org/reports/archive/vol.-8/no.-2/extraordinary-increase-in-settlement-construction-as-diplomacy-falters">the original</a> on 14 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Settlement+Report&rft.atitle=Extraordinary+Increase+in+Settlement+Construction+as+Diplomacy+Falters&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.date=1998-03%2F1998-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmep.org%2Freports%2Farchive%2Fvol.-8%2Fno.-2%2Fextraordinary-increase-in-settlement-construction-as-diplomacy-falters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118071542/http://fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/housing-starts-in-israel-the-west-bank-and-gaza-strip-settlements-1990-2003">"Housing Starts in Israel, the West Bank and Gaza Strip Settlements*, 1990–2003"</a>. Foundation for Middle East Peace. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmep.org/settlement_info/settlement-info-and-tables/stats-data/housing-starts-in-israel-the-west-bank-and-gaza-strip-settlements-1990-2003">the original</a> on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Housing+Starts+in+Israel%2C+the+West+Bank+and+Gaza+Strip+Settlements%2A%2C+1990%E2%80%932003&rft.pub=Foundation+for+Middle+East+Peace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fmep.org%2Fsettlement_info%2Fsettlement-info-and-tables%2Fstats-data%2Fhousing-starts-in-israel-the-west-bank-and-gaza-strip-settlements-1990-2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Youngs-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Youngs_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Youngs_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTim_Youngs,_International_Affairs_and_Defence_Section2001" class="citation web cs1">Tim Youngs, International Affairs and Defence Section (24 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080227143042/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2001/rp01-009.pdf">"The Middle East Crisis: Camp David, the 'Al-Aqsa Intifada' and the Prospects for the Peace Process"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_Library" title="House of Commons Library">House of Commons Library</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2001/rp01-009.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 18 December 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+Crisis%3A+Camp+David%2C+the+%27Al-Aqsa+Intifada%27+and+the+Prospects+for+the+Peace+Process&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.date=2001-01-24&rft.au=Tim+Youngs%2C+International+Affairs+and+Defence+Section&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fcommons%2Flib%2Fresearch%2Frp2001%2Frp01-009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel/The-second-intifada">"The second intifada"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512210653/https://www.britannica.com/place/Israel/The-second-intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+second+intifada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FIsrael%2FThe-second-intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second">"What were the intifadas?"</a>. 20 November 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110215245/https://www.vox.com/2018/11/20/18080066/israel-palestine-intifadas-first-second">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+were+the+intifadas%3F&rft.date=2018-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F11%2F20%2F18080066%2Fisrael-palestine-intifadas-first-second&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_outbreak-46"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_outbreak_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502E4DA1E3AF93BA1575AC0A9669C8B63">"Palestinians And Israelis in a Clash at Holy Site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. 28 September 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Palestinians+And+Israelis+in+a+Clash+at+Holy+Site&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9502E4DA1E3AF93BA1575AC0A9669C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBregman2005160-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBregman2005160_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBregman2005">Bregman 2005</a>, p. 160. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2013" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Hillel (March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRKsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73">The Rise and Fall of Arab Jerusalem: Palestinian Politics and the City Since 1967</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85266-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85266-4"><bdi>978-1-136-85266-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Arab+Jerusalem%3A+Palestinian+Politics+and+the+City+Since+1967&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-03&rft.isbn=978-1-136-85266-4&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRKsAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2000sept28-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2000sept28_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2000sept28_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm">"On This Day: 'Provocative' mosque visit sparks riots"</a>. BBC News. 28 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190129133239/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/28/newsid_3687000/3687762.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2014. <q>Palestinians and Israeli police have clashed in the worst violence for several years at Jerusalem's holiest site, the compound around Al-Aqsa mosque. The violence began after a highly controversial tour of the mosque compound early this morning by hardline Israeli opposition leader Ariel Sharon. ... Soon after Mr Sharon left the site, the angry demonstrations outside erupted into violence. Israeli police fired tear gas and rubber-coated metal bullets, while protesters hurled stones and other missiles. Police said 25 of their men were hurt by missiles thrown by Palestinians, but only one was taken to hospital. Israel Radio reported at least three Palestinians were wounded by rubber bullets. ... Following Friday [September 29, 2000] prayers the next day, violence again broke out throughout Jerusalem and the West Bank.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+%27Provocative%27+mosque+visit+sparks+riots&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fseptember%2F28%2Fnewsid_3687000%2F3687762.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg2000" class="citation news cs1">Greenberg, Joel (5 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E4DB1F3DF936A35753C1A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">"Unapologetic, Sharon Rejects Blame for Igniting Violence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Unapologetic%2C+Sharon+Rejects+Blame+for+Igniting+Violence&rft.date=2000-10-05&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9803E4DB1F3DF936A35753C1A9669C8B63%26sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee_Hockstader2000" class="citation news cs1">Lee Hockstader (29 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904080029/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-534994.html">"Israeli's Tour of Holy Site Ignites Riot; Palestinians Angered By Test of Sovereignty in Jerusalem's Old City"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. A22. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-534994.html">the original</a> on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Israeli%27s+Tour+of+Holy+Site+Ignites+Riot%3B+Palestinians+Angered+By+Test+of+Sovereignty+in+Jerusalem%27s+Old+City&rft.pages=A22&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft.au=Lee+Hockstader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P2-534994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041210211004/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html">"Palestinians say opposition tour of holy site could cause bloodshed"</a>. CNN. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 27 September 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/27/israel.palestinians.ap/index.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestinians+say+opposition+tour+of+holy+site+could+cause+bloodshed&rft.date=2000-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F09%2F27%2Fisrael.palestinians.ap%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Singh_53-1">b</a> Rashmi Singh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ_TOiLtdtAC&pg=PA38">Hamas and Suicide Terrorism: Multi-causal and Multi-level Approaches</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818222348/https://books.google.com/books?id=AQ_TOiLtdtAC&pg=PA38">Archived</a> 18 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Routledge, 2013 p.38 </li> <li id="cite_note-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98_54-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-klein_jerusalemproblem_p98_54-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenachem_Klein2003" class="citation book cs1">Menachem Klein (2003). The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Florida" title="University Press of Florida">University Press of Florida</a>. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2"><bdi>978-0-8130-2673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Problem%3A+The+Struggle+for+Permanent+Status&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2&rft.au=Menachem+Klein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiffEhud_Ya'ari1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Schiff" title="Ze'ev Schiff">Schiff, Ze'ev</a>; Ehud Ya'ari (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi/page/284">Israel's Lebanon War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelslebanonwa0000schi/page/284">284</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-47991-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-47991-6"><bdi>978-0-671-47991-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Lebanon+War&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-671-47991-6&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Ze%27ev&rft.au=Ehud+Ya%27ari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelslebanonwa0000schi%2Fpage%2F284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShindler2013283-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShindler2013283_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShindler2013283_56-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFShindler2013">Shindler 2013</a>, p. 283. </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacFarquhar2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_MacFarquhar" title="Neil MacFarquhar">MacFarquhar, Neil</a> (5 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/international/middleeast/05cnd-arab.html">"Few Kind Words for Sharon in the Arab World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141216143022/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/05/international/middleeast/05cnd-arab.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Few+Kind+Words+for+Sharon+in+the+Arab+World&rft.date=2006-01-05&rft.aulast=MacFarquhar&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F05%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F05cnd-arab.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuliana_Ochs2011" class="citation book cs1">Juliana Ochs (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA6">Security and Suspicion: An Ethnography of Everyday Life in Israel</a>. The Ethnography of Political Violence. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4291-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8122-4291-1"><bdi>978-0-8122-4291-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102113652/https://books.google.com/books?id=mBSe-JgwPqoC&pg=PA6">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Security+and+Suspicion%3A+An+Ethnography+of+Everyday+Life+in+Israel&rft.series=The+Ethnography+of+Political+Violence&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-4291-1&rft.au=Juliana+Ochs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmBSe-JgwPqoC%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2008" class="citation book cs1">Goldberg, Jeffrey (2008). Prisoners: A Story of Friendship and Terror. New York: <a href="/wiki/Vintage_Books" title="Vintage Books">Vintage Books</a>. p. 258.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prisoners%3A+A+Story+of+Friendship+and+Terror&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=258&rft.pub=Vintage+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSontag2000" class="citation news cs1">Sontag, Deborah (30 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html">"Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead and 200 Hurt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070952/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Battle+at+Jerusalem+Holy+Site+Leaves+4+Dead+and+200+Hurt&rft.date=2000-09-30&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F09%2F30%2Fworld%2Fbattle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDellios2000" class="citation news cs1">Dellios, Hugh (30 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/09/30/4-dead-scores-wounded-in-jerusalem-clashes/">"4 Dead, Scores Wounded in Jerusalem Clashes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a>. Jerusalem. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141128195316/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2000-09-30/news/0009300071_1_palestinian-police-officer-jerusalem-clashes-temple-mount">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014. <q>police clashed with stone-throwing Palestinians, killing four and wounding scores</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=4+Dead%2C+Scores+Wounded+in+Jerusalem+Clashes&rft.date=2000-09-30&rft.aulast=Dellios&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F2000%2F09%2F30%2F4-dead-scores-wounded-in-jerusalem-clashes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn20000929-62"><a href="#cite_ref-cnn20000929_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/29/kessel/">"CNN's Jerrold Kessel on continuing violence in the Mideast"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. 29 September 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130919100942/http://edition.cnn.com/chat/transcripts/2000/9/29/kessel/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CNN%27s+Jerrold+Kessel+on+continuing+violence+in+the+Mideast&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fchat%2Ftranscripts%2F2000%2F9%2F29%2Fkessel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenachem_Klein2003" class="citation book cs1">Menachem Klein (2003). The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Florida" title="University Press of Florida">University Press of Florida</a>. pp. 97–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2"><bdi>978-0-8130-2673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Problem%3A+The+Struggle+for+Permanent+Status&rft.pages=97-98&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2&rft.au=Menachem+Klein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated2_64-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenachem_Klein2003" class="citation book cs1">Menachem Klein (2003). The Jerusalem Problem: The Struggle for Permanent Status. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Florida" title="University Press of Florida">University Press of Florida</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8130-2673-2"><bdi>978-0-8130-2673-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Problem%3A+The+Struggle+for+Permanent+Status&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8130-2673-2&rft.au=Menachem+Klein&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/041/2000/en/">"Israel and the Occupied Territories: Excessive use of lethal force"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 19 October 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122054850/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/041/2000/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Occupied+Territories%3A+Excessive+use+of+lethal+force&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2000-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde15%2F041%2F2000%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilead_Sher2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gilead_Sher" title="Gilead Sher">Gilead Sher</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgAWFiDryMC&pg=PA162">The Israeli–Palestinian Peace Negotiations, 1999–2001: Within Reach</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 161–162. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-8542-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-8542-7"><bdi>978-0-7146-8542-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102113652/https://books.google.com/books?id=EdgAWFiDryMC&pg=PA162">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian+Peace+Negotiations%2C+1999%E2%80%932001%3A+Within+Reach&rft.pages=161-162&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-8542-7&rft.au=Gilead+Sher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEdgAWFiDryMC%26pg%3DPA162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988">: "Your account of events does not match the impression of any country in the world," he said. "At Camp David, Israel did in fact make a significant step towards peace, but Sharon's visit was the detonator, and everything has exploded. This morning, sixty-four Palestinians are dead, nine Israeli-Arabs were also killed, and you're pressing on. You cannot, Mr Prime Minister, explain this ratio in the number of [killed and] wounded. You cannot make anyone believe that the Palestinians are the aggressors....When I was a company commander in Algeria, I also thought I was right. I fought the guerillas. Later I realized I was wrong. It is the honour of the strong, to reach out and not to shoot. Today you must reach out your hand. If you continue to fire from helicopters on people throwing rocks, and you continue to refuse an international inquiry, you are turning down a gesture from Arafat. You have no idea how hard I pushed Arafat to agree to a trilateral meeting. ...' </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Earlier estimates gave a million bullets and projectiles shot by Israeli forces in the first few days, 700,000 in the West Bank and 300,000 in the Gaza Strip. See Ben Kaspit, "Jewish New Year 2002—the Second Anniversary of the Intifada," <a href="/wiki/Maariv" title="Maariv">Maariv</a> 6 September 2002 (Heb), in Cheryl Rubenberg, The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace, <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Rienner_Publishers" title="Lynne Rienner Publishers">Lynne Rienner Publishers</a>, 2003 p. 324, p. 361 n. 5. The figure was revealed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amos_Malka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amos Malka (page does not exist)">Amos Malka</a>, then-director of Military Intelligence. <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a>, who later became the Israeli Chief of Staff, denied the 1.3 million figure, claiming that the number reflected the demand of the command units for supplemental ammunition. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedatzur2008" class="citation news cs1">Pedatzur, Reuven (4 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/deflater-of-defeatist-discourse-1.258857">"Deflater of defeatist discourse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141219170311/http://www.haaretz.com/deflater-of-defeatist-discourse-1.258857">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Deflater+of+defeatist+discourse&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft.aulast=Pedatzur&rft.aufirst=Reuven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fdeflater-of-defeatist-discourse-1.258857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amnesty_International-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amnesty_International_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329030342/http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/083/2001/en">"Israel and the Occupied Territories: Broken Lives – A Year of Intifada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 13 November 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/MDE15/083/2001/en">the original</a> on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Occupied+Territories%3A+Broken+Lives+%E2%80%93+A+Year+of+Intifada&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2001-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flibrary%2Finfo%2FMDE15%2F083%2F2001%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> Nitzan Ben-Shaul, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QFBiclfUJ04C&pg=PA118">A Violent World: TV News Images of Middle Eastern Terror and War</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819201558/https://books.google.com/books?id=QFBiclfUJ04C&pg=PA118">Archived</a> 19 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>, 6 March 2007 pp.118–120. </li> <li id="cite_note-Catignani-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Catignani_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catignani_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Catignani_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatignani2008" class="citation book cs1">Catignani, Sergio (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mfNBodDl0hgC&pg=PA105">"The Al-Aqsa Intifada"</a>. Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 104–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07997-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07997-1"><bdi>978-1-134-07997-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223214612/https://books.google.com/books?id=mfNBodDl0hgC&pg=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Al-Aqsa+Intifada&rft.btitle=Israeli+Counter-Insurgency+and+the+Intifadas%3A+Dilemmas+of+a+Conventional+Army&rft.pages=104-106&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-134-07997-1&rft.aulast=Catignani&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmfNBodDl0hgC%26pg%3DPA105&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/the-or-inquiry-summary-of-events-1.291940">"The Or Inquiry – Summary of Events"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 19 November 2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150419015517/http://www.haaretz.com/the-or-inquiry-summary-of-events-1.291940">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Or+Inquiry+%E2%80%93+Summary+of+Events&rft.date=2001-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fthe-or-inquiry-summary-of-events-1.291940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> Eve Spangler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v2AICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA183">Understanding Israel/Palestine: Race, Nation, and Human Rights in the Conflict</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820002151/https://books.google.com/books?id=v2AICgAAQBAJ&pg=PA183">Archived</a> 20 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Springer, 2015 p.183 </li> <li id="cite_note-BBClynch-73"><a href="#cite_ref-BBClynch_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAsser2000" class="citation news cs1">Asser, Martin (13 October 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm">"Lynch mob's brutal attack"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080129215716/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/969778.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 January 2008. 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Retrieved 30 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Hamas%27s+Overt+Hatred%2C+Many+Israelis+See+Hope&rft.date=2006-01-29&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F29%2Finternational%2Fmiddleeast%2F29israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-1258,00.html"><bdi lang="he">21 צעירות וצעירים נהרגו בפיגוע התופת בטיילת בתל אביב, לא הרחק מהדולפינריום. אלה תמונות ההרוגים בפיגוע הקשה ביותר בישראל מזה חמש שנים. ynet מביא את חלק מסיפוריהם.</bdi></a> [21 young people were killed in bomb attack in Tel Aviv promenade, near the Dolphinarium. 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Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sgt.-Maj.%28res.%29+Yochai+Porat&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2002-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeignPolicy%2FTerrorism%2FVictims%2FPages%2FSgt-Maj-res-%2520Yochai%2520Porat.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fal09-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fal09_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fal09_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOphir_FalkHenry_Morgenstein2009" class="citation book cs1">Ophir Falk; Henry Morgenstein, eds. (2009). Suicide terror: understanding and confronting the threat. 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Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+Secretary-General+on+recent+events+in+Jenin%2C+other+Palestinian+cities&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fpress%2Fen%2F2002%2FSG2077.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3685678,00.html">"Operation Defensive Shield (2002)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. 12 March 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825062508/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3685678,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Operation+Defensive+Shield+%282002%29&rft.date=2009-03-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3685678%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mfa1-109"><a href="#cite_ref-mfa1_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218182029/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2002/4/Jenin-s%20Terrorist%20Infrastructure%20-%204-Apr-2002">"Jenin's Terrorist Infrastructure"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a>. 4 April 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2002/4/Jenin-s%20Terrorist%20Infrastructure%20-%204-Apr-2002">the original</a> on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 22 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jenin%27s+Terrorist+Infrastructure&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F2000_2009%2F2002%2F4%2FJenin-s%2520Terrorist%2520Infrastructure%2520-%25204-Apr-2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Rees2002" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Rees" title="Matt Rees">Matt Rees</a> (13 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002406,00.html">"Untangling Jenin's Tale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141026160651/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1002406,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Untangling+Jenin%27s+Tale&rft.date=2002-05-13&rft.au=Matt+Rees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1002406%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2165272.stm">"UN says no massacre in Jenin"</a>. BBC News. 1 August 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205040128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2165272.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 19 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UN+says+no+massacre+in+Jenin&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F2165272.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_UN-112">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_UN_112-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_UN_112-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennet2002" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Bennet_(journalist)" title="James Bennet (journalist)">Bennet, James</a> (2 August 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/02/world/death-on-the-campus-jenin-un-report-rejects-claims-of-a-massacre-of-refugees.html">"Death on the Campus: Jenin; U.N. 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Retrieved 19 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Death+on+the+Campus%3A+Jenin%3B+U.N.+Report+Rejects+Claims+of+a+Massacre+of+Refugees&rft.date=2002-08-02&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F08%2F02%2Fworld%2Fdeath-on-the-campus-jenin-un-report-rejects-claims-of-a-massacre-of-refugees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-08-01-unreport-jenin_x.htm">"U.N. report: No massacre in Jenin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 1 August 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150623064530/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2002-08-01-unreport-jenin_x.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=U.N.+report%3A+No+massacre+in+Jenin&rft.date=2002-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusatoday30.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F2002-08-01-unreport-jenin_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/149/2002/en/">"Shielded from Scrutiny: IDF violations in Jenin and Nablus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. November 2002. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122054904/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/149/2002/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2012. <q>Amnesty International's extensive research ... led it to conclude that ... some of the actions amounted to ... war crimes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shielded+from+Scrutiny%3A+IDF+violations+in+Jenin+and+Nablus&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2002-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde15%2F149%2F2002%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW_May-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_May_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_May_115-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/israel3/israel0502.pdf">"Jenin: IDF Military Operations"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 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Retrieved 19 May 2012. <q>Human Rights Watch's research demonstrates that, during their incursion into the Jenin refugee camp, Israeli forces committed serious violations of international humanitarian law, some amounting prima facie to war crimes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jenin%3A+IDF+Military+Operations&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2002-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2002%2Fisrael3%2Fisrael0502.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-martinWT-116"><a href="#cite_ref-martinWT_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Martin2002" class="citation news cs1">Paul Martin (1 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030415055238/http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20020501-5587072.htm">"Jenin 'massacre' reduced to death toll of 56"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20020501-5587072.htm">the original</a> on 15 April 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Jenin+%27massacre%27+reduced+to+death+toll+of+56&rft.date=2002-05-01&rft.au=Paul+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fworld%2F20020501-5587072.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrwreport-117"><a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/node/79081/section/3">"Jenin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. 2 May 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140926080324/http://www.hrw.org/node/79081/section/3">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Jenin&rft.date=2002-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnode%2F79081%2Fsection%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-harel257-258-118"><a href="#cite_ref-harel257-258_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarelIssacharoff2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Harel, Amos; Issacharoff, Avi (2004). Ha-Milḥamah ha-shevi'it: ekh nitsaḥnu ṿe-lamah hifsadnu ba-milḥamah 'im ha-Palesṭinim <bdi lang="he">המלחמה השביעית : איך ניצחנו ולמה הפסדנו במלחמה עם הפלסטינים</bdi> [The Seventh War: How We Won and Why We Lost in the War with the Palestinians] (in Hebrew). 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BBC News. 21 January 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061219020234/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/2680777.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2006. Retrieved 4 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israelis+flatten+West+Bank+shops&rft.date=2003-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F2680777.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060324012233/http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/gaza/">"Razing Rafah: Mass Home Demolitions in the Gaza Strip"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/campaigns/gaza/">the original</a> on 24 March 2006. 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Retrieved 10 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Strategic+Assessment&rft.atitle=The+End+of+the+Second+Intifada%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=63-69&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Schachter&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inss.org.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F2%2Fsystemfiles%2F%28FILE%291289897140.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plaw2016-139"><a href="#cite_ref-Plaw2016_139-0">^</a> Avery Plaw,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pIDeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT112">Targeting Terrorists: A License to Kill?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190331022531/https://books.google.com/books?id=pIDeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT112">Archived</a> 31 March 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2016 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-04671-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-04671-4">978-1-317-04671-4</a> pp.63ff. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSever_Plocker2008" class="citation news cs1">Sever Plocker (22 June 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140819220413/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3558676,00.html">"2nd Intifada Forgotten"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. 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Palestine Media Center – PMC [Official PA website]. 13 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810132311/http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=24111">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas%2C+Jihad+Commit+to+Truce+Provided+Israel+Reciprocates+%5BMechanism+to+attack+Israel+if+Israel+acts%5D&rft.pub=Palestine+Media+Center+%E2%80%93+PMC+%5BOfficial+PA+website%5D&rft.date=2005-02-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imra.org.il%2Fstory.php3%3Fid%3D24111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldenberg2000" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Goldenberg" title="Suzanne Goldenberg">Goldenberg, Suzanne</a> (29 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/sep/29/israel">"Rioting as Sharon visits Islam holy site"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141111222135/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/sep/29/israel">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Rioting+as+Sharon+visits+Islam+holy+site&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2000%2Fsep%2F29%2Fisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell_cause-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_cause_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell, George J.</a>; et al. (30 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140823071635/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">"Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Information_System_on_the_Question_of_Palestine" title="United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine">UNISPAL</a>. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">the original</a> on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+The+Sharm+el-Sheikh+Fact-Finding+Committee&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=UNISPAL&rft.date=2001-04-30&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=George+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> See under "What Happened?" </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGelvin2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Gelvin" title="James L. Gelvin">Gelvin, James L.</a> (2007). The Israel-Palestine conflict: one hundred years of war (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71652-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71652-9"><bdi>978-0-521-71652-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+conflict%3A+one+hundred+years+of+war&rft.pages=243&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71652-9&rft.aulast=Gelvin&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbctimeline-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbctimeline_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbctimeline_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm">"Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 29 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702011849/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Intifada+timeline&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3677206.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankel2005" class="citation book cs1">Frankel, Jonathan, ed. (2005). Dark Times, Dire Decisions: Jews and Communism. Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Vol. XX. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 311. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518224-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518224-8"><bdi>978-0-19-518224-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dark+Times%2C+Dire+Decisions%3A+Jews+and+Communism&rft.series=Studies+in+Contemporary+Jewry&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518224-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell-153"><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_J._Mitchell2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>; et al. (30 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140823071635/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">"Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Information_System_on_the_Question_of_Palestine" title="United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine">UNISPAL</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">the original</a> on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014. <q>Mr. Sharon made the visit on September 28 accompanied by over 1,000 Israeli police officers. Although Israelis viewed the visit in an internal political context, Palestinians saw it as a provocation to start a fair intifadah. On the following day, in the same place, a large number of unarmed Palestinian demonstrators and a large Israeli police contingent confronted each other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+The+Sharm+el-Sheikh+Fact-Finding+Committee&rft.pub=UNISPAL&rft.date=2001-04-30&rft.au=George+J.+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cypel-154"><a href="#cite_ref-Cypel_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCypel2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sylvain_Cypel" title="Sylvain Cypel">Cypel, Sylvain</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walledisraelisoc00cype/page/6">Walled: Israeli Society at an Impasse</a>. Other Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walledisraelisoc00cype/page/6">6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59051-210-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59051-210-4"><bdi>978-1-59051-210-4</bdi></a>. <q>The following day, the 29th, a Friday and hence the Muslim day of prayer, the young Palestinians flared up....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walled%3A+Israeli+Society+at+an+Impasse&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Other+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59051-210-4&rft.aulast=Cypel&rft.aufirst=Sylvain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwalledisraelisoc00cype%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mittleman-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Mittleman_155-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlan_MittlemanRobert_A._LichtJonathan_D._Sarna2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Mittleman" title="Alan Mittleman">Alan Mittleman</a>; Robert A. Licht; <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Sarna" title="Jonathan Sarna">Jonathan D. Sarna</a> (2002). Jewish Polity and American Civil Society: Communal Agencies and Religious Movements in the American Public Sphere. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2122-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-2122-3"><bdi>978-0-7425-2122-3</bdi></a>. <q>Then in late September Ariel Sharon [...] visited the Temple Mount [...] The next day, massive violence erupted in Jerusalem and Palestinian-controlled areas in the West Bank and Gaza Strip.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Polity+and+American+Civil+Society%3A+Communal+Agencies+and+Religious+Movements+in+the+American+Public+Sphere&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-2122-3&rft.au=Alan+Mittleman&rft.au=Robert+A.+Licht&rft.au=Jonathan+D.+Sarna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mitchell-156"><a href="#cite_ref-mitchell_156-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_J._Mitchell2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">George J. Mitchell</a>; et al. (30 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140823071635/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">"Report of The Sharm el-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Information_System_on_the_Question_of_Palestine" title="United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine">UNISPAL</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A">the original</a> on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Report+of+The+Sharm+el-Sheikh+Fact-Finding+Committee&rft.pub=UNISPAL&rft.date=2001-04-30&rft.au=George+J.+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F6E61D52EAACB860285256D2800734E9A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eeas.europa.eu/mepp/docs/mitchell_report_2001_en.pdf">PDF</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201163408/https://eeas.europa.eu/mepp/docs/mitchell_report_2001_en.pdf">Archived</a> 1 February 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Suha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada">"Suha Arafat admits husband premeditated Intifada"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 29 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114101835/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Suha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Suha+Arafat+admits+husband+premeditated+Intifada&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FSuha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Clinton, Bill</a> (2004). My Life. <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3003-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-3003-3"><bdi>978-1-4000-3003-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-3003-3&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Bill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pressman_backgroundsandcauses-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pressman_backgroundsandcauses_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pressman_backgroundsandcauses_159-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Pressman2003" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeremy_Pressman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeremy Pressman (page does not exist)">Jeremy Pressman</a> (Fall 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090318174326/http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/JCS/Fall03/pressman.pdf">"The Second Intifada: Backgrounds and Causes of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict"</a> (PDF). Journal of Conflict Studies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.unb.ca/Texts/JCS/Fall03/pressman.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 18 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+Backgrounds+and+Causes+of+the+Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian+Conflict&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Jeremy+Pressman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lib.unb.ca%2FTexts%2FJCS%2FFall03%2Fpressman.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost2000sep29-160"><a href="#cite_ref-jpost2000sep29_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030219211334/http://info.jpost.com/C002/Supplements/CasualtiesOfWar/2000_09_27.html">"Fallen soldier's father: I never thought this would happen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a href="/wiki/ITIM_(news_agency)" title="ITIM (news agency)">ITIM</a>. 29 September 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.jpost.com/C002/Supplements/CasualtiesOfWar/2000_09_27.html">the original</a> on 19 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Fallen+soldier%27s+father%3A+I+never+thought+this+would+happen&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.jpost.com%2FC002%2FSupplements%2FCasualtiesOfWar%2F2000_09_27.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes2008sept30-161"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes2008sept30_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSontag2000" class="citation news cs1">Sontag, Deborah (30 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html">"Battle at Jerusalem Holy Site Leaves 4 Dead and 200 Hurt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070952/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/30/world/battle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014. <q>This morning, both sides started out tense, after clashes on Thursday [September 28, 2000] provoked by Mr. Sharon's visit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Battle+at+Jerusalem+Holy+Site+Leaves+4+Dead+and+200+Hurt&rft.date=2000-09-30&rft.aulast=Sontag&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F09%2F30%2Fworld%2Fbattle-at-jerusalem-holy-site-leaves-4-dead-and-200-hurt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn2008sept28-162"><a href="#cite_ref-cnn2008sept28_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051108060716/http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/28/jerusalem.violence.02/">"Israeli troops, Palestinians clash after Sharon visits Jerusalem sacred site"</a>. CNN. 28 September 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.cnn.com/2000/WORLD/meast/09/28/jerusalem.violence.02/">the original</a> on 8 November 2005. <q>A visit by Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon to the site known as the Temple Mount by Jews sparked a clash on Thursday [September 28, 2000] between stone-throwing Palestinians and Israeli troops, who fired tear gas and rubber bullets into the crowd.... Also Thursday [September 28, 2000], an Israeli soldier critically injured in a bomb attack on an army convoy in the Gaza Strip died of his wounds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israeli+troops%2C+Palestinians+clash+after+Sharon+visits+Jerusalem+sacred+site&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2000%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F09%2F28%2Fjerusalem.violence.02%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-163"><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGozani2000" class="citation news cs1">Gozani, Ohad (29 September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1357329/Riot-police-clash-with-protesters-at-holy-shrine.html">"Riot police clash with protesters at holy shrine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/israel/1357329/Riot-police-clash-with-protesters-at-holy-shrine.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Riot+police+clash+with+protesters+at+holy+shrine&rft.date=2000-09-29&rft.aulast=Gozani&rft.aufirst=Ohad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael%2F1357329%2FRiot-police-clash-with-protesters-at-holy-shrine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-btselem-idf-OT-164"><a href="#cite_ref-btselem-idf-OT_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605010429/http://www.btselem.org/english/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=7&region=TER">"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities – Israeli security force personnel killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=7&region=TER">the original</a> on 5 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27Tselem+%E2%80%93+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Fatalities+%E2%80%93+Israeli+security+force+personnel+killed+by+Palestinians+in+the+Occupied+Territories&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2FEnglish%2FStatistics%2FCasualties_Data.asp%3FCategory%3D7%26region%3DTER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-btselem-civ-OT-165"><a href="#cite_ref-btselem-civ-OT_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605010359/http://www.btselem.org/english/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=5&region=TER">"B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities – Israeli civilians killed by Palestinians in the Occupied Territories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties_Data.asp?Category=5&region=TER">the original</a> on 5 June 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27Tselem+%E2%80%93+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Fatalities+%E2%80%93+Israeli+civilians+killed+by+Palestinians+in+the+Occupied+Territories&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2FEnglish%2FStatistics%2FCasualties_Data.asp%3FCategory%3D5%26region%3DTER&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schulz-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Schulz_166-0">^</a> Schulz and Hammer, 2003, pp. 134–136. </li> <li id="cite_note-Abutoameh-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Abutoameh_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhaled_Abu_Toameh2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Abu_Toameh" title="Khaled Abu Toameh">Khaled Abu Toameh</a> (29 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Arafat-ordered-Hamas-attacks-against-Israel-in-2000">"Arafat ordered Hamas attacks against Israel in 2000"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140825095009/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Arafat-ordered-Hamas-attacks-against-Israel-in-2000">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Arafat+ordered+Hamas+attacks+against+Israel+in+2000&rft.date=2010-09-29&rft.au=Khaled+Abu+Toameh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FArafat-ordered-Hamas-attacks-against-Israel-in-2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosab_Hassan_Yousef2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mosab_Hassan_Yousef" title="Mosab Hassan Yousef">Mosab Hassan Yousef</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qqwLB05IocC">Son of Hamas</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_House" title="Tyndale House">Tyndale House</a>. pp. 125–134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85078-985-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85078-985-7"><bdi>978-1-85078-985-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095443/https://books.google.com/books?id=6qqwLB05IocC">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Son+of+Hamas&rft.pages=125-134&rft.pub=Tyndale+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-85078-985-7&rft.au=Mosab+Hassan+Yousef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qqwLB05IocC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-atlantic-169"><a href="#cite_ref-atlantic_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Samuels2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Samuels_(writer)" title="David Samuels (writer)">David Samuels</a> (September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200509/samuels">"In a Ruined Country: How Yasir Arafat destroyed Palestine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080830024459/http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200509/samuels">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=In+a+Ruined+Country%3A+How+Yasir+Arafat+destroyed+Palestine&rft.date=2005-09&rft.au=David+Samuels&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fdoc%2Fprem%2F200509%2Fsamuels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Pratt2007" class="citation book cs1">David Pratt (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadalongdayo0000prat">Intifada: The Long Day of Rage</a>. <a href="/wiki/Casemate_Publishers" title="Casemate Publishers">Casemate Publishers</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/intifadalongdayo0000prat/page/113">113</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-932-03363-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-932-03363-2"><bdi>978-1-932-03363-2</bdi></a>. <q>As far back as May 2000 Ehud Barak and his advisors had themselves drafted operational and tactical contingency plans of their own to halt the intifada in its tracks. These included the massive use of IDF snipers, which resulted in the high numbers of Palestinian dead and wounded in the first few days of the uprising. It was these tactics as much as any advanced planning that many believed transformed a series of violent clashes into a full-blown intifada.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intifada%3A+The+Long+Day+of+Rage&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Casemate+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-932-03363-2&rft.au=David+Pratt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintifadalongdayo0000prat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Suha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada">"Suha Arafat admits husband premeditated Intifada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. 29 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114101835/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Suha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Suha+Arafat+admits+husband+premeditated+Intifada&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FSuha-Arafat-admits-husband-premeditated-Intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussein_Dakroub2002" class="citation news cs1">Hussein Dakroub (26 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/d8a85d89c749693d000083673318b365">"Arafat Aide, Hezbollah Leader Meet"</a>. Associated Press News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720195913/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/2002/Arafat-Aide-Hezbollah-Leader-Meet/id-d8a85d89c749693d000083673318b365">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Arafat+Aide%2C+Hezbollah+Leader+Meet&rft.date=2002-03-26&rft.au=Hussein+Dakroub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fd8a85d89c749693d000083673318b365&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abufarha-173"><a href="#cite_ref-Abufarha_173-0">^</a> Nasser Abufarha, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WpMi4fsKu0AC&pg=PA77">The Making of a Human Bomb: An Ethnography of Palestinian Resistance</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200820013747/https://books.google.com/books?id=WpMi4fsKu0AC&pg=PA77">Archived</a> 20 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Duke_University_Press" title="Duke University Press">Duke University Press</a>, 2009 p.77. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinRubin2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barry_M._Rubin" class="mw-redirect" title="Barry M. Rubin">Rubin, Barry M.</a>; Rubin, Judith Colp (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yasirarafatpolit00rubi/page/204">Yasir Arafat: A Political Biography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/yasirarafatpolit00rubi/page/204">204</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516689-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516689-7"><bdi>978-0-19-516689-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yasir+Arafat%3A+A+Political+Biography&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516689-7&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Barry+M.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Judith+Colp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fyasirarafatpolit00rubi%2Fpage%2F204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thrall-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Thrall_175-0">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Thrall" title="Nathan Thrall">Nathan Thrall</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/aug/15/what-future-israel/">'What Future for Israel?,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151121042418/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2013/aug/15/what-future-israel/">Archived</a> 21 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_Review_of_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Review of Books">New York Review of Books</a> 15 August 2013 pp.64–67. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGutman2004" class="citation news cs1">Gutman, Matthew (4 August 2004). "Aqsa Brigades Leader: Intifada in Its Death Throes". <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Aqsa+Brigades+Leader%3A+Intifada+in+Its+Death+Throes&rft.date=2004-08-04&rft.aulast=Gutman&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-casualties-177">^ <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-casualties_177-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp">B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105120054/http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp">Archived</a> 5 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz468469-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz468469_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz468469_178-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz468469_178-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz468469_178-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2004" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Schiff" title="Ze'ev Schiff">Schiff, Ze'ev</a> (24 August 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israeli-death-toll-in-intifada-higher-than-last-two-wars-1.132555">"Israeli death toll in Intifada higher than last two wars"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150109191003/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/israeli-death-toll-in-intifada-higher-than-last-two-wars-1.132555">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+death+toll+in+Intifada+higher+than+last+two+wars&rft.date=2004-08-24&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Ze%27ev&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fisraeli-death-toll-in-intifada-higher-than-last-two-wars-1.132555&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-child_casualties-179"><a href="#cite_ref-child_casualties_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rememberthesechildren.org/remember2000.html">"Remember these Children"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140109063049/http://www.rememberthesechildren.org/remember2000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remember+these+Children&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rememberthesechildren.org%2Fremember2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> Comprehensive list of all Israeli and Palestinian child casualties, age 17 and under, listed since September 2000 along with the circumstances of their deaths. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2008" class="citation web cs1">Tamar Sternthal (2 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=9999&x_article=1533">"Updated: In 2007, B'Tselem Casualty Count Doesn't Add Up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">CAMERA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105045255/http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=9999&x_article=1533">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Updated%3A+In+2007%2C+B%27Tselem+Casualty+Count+Doesn%27t+Add+Up&rft.pub=CAMERA&rft.date=2008-11-02&rft.au=Tamar+Sternthal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.org%2Findex.asp%3Fx_context%3D9999%26x_article%3D1533&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> Includes translation of article in Hebrew in Haaretz presenting Dahoah-Halevi's report. Original Haaretz report in Hebrew: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmos_Harel2008" class="citation news cs1">Amos Harel (25 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/1.1356183">"מחקר: "בצלם" מפרסם מידע שגוי ומשמיט פרטים חיוניים"</a> [Study: "B'Tselem" publishes false information and omits vital details]. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526211854/http://www.haaretz.co.il/news/politics/1.1356183">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8%3A+%22%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%9D%22+%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%9D+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2+%D7%A9%D7%92%D7%95%D7%99+%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98+%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.date=2008-10-25&rft.au=Amos+Harel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F1.1356183&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glick-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Glick_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1178708574884&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FPrinter">"Column one: What is Israel's problem?"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 10 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Column+one%3A+What+is+Israel%27s+problem%3F&rft.date=2007-05-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1178708574884%26pagename%3DJPost%252FJPArticle%252FPrinter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988">, </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaroline_B._Glick2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_B._Glick" class="mw-redirect" title="Caroline B. Glick">Caroline B. Glick</a> (7 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Column-One-Agents-of-influence">"Column One: Agents of influence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527230141/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Column-One-Agents-of-influence">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Column+One%3A+Agents+of+influence&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft.au=Caroline+B.+Glick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FOpinion%2FColumnists%2FColumn-One-Agents-of-influence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2003" class="citation web cs1">Tamar Sternthal (7 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140909062215/http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=493&x_context=2">"B'Tselem, Los Angeles Times Redefine "Civilian""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">CAMERA</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=493&x_context=2">the original</a> on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27Tselem%2C+Los+Angeles+Times+Redefine+%22Civilian%22&rft.pub=CAMERA&rft.date=2003-07-07&rft.au=Tamar+Sternthal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.org%2Findex.asp%3Fx_article%3D493%26x_context%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sternthal-184"><a href="#cite_ref-sternthal_184-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternthal2008" class="citation news cs1">Sternthal, Tamar (24 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3601691,00.html">"Bending the truth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ynetnews" class="mw-redirect" title="Ynetnews">Ynetnews</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080925181327/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3601691%2C00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 September 2008. Retrieved 26 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Bending+the+truth&rft.date=2008-09-24&rft.aulast=Sternthal&rft.aufirst=Tamar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3601691%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGil_Ronen2008" class="citation news cs1">Gil Ronen (26 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128086">"Researcher Slams B'Tselem as Inflating Arab Civilian Casualties"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331035548/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128086">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Researcher+Slams+B%27Tselem+as+Inflating+Arab+Civilian+Casualties&rft.date=2008-10-26&rft.au=Gil+Ronen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F128086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2007" class="citation web cs1">Tamar Sternthal (3 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=3&x_outlet=12&x_article=1265">"B'Tselem's Annual Casualty Figures Questioned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Accuracy_in_Middle_East_Reporting_in_America" title="Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America">CAMERA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150228184647/http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=3&x_outlet=12&x_article=1265">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%27Tselem%27s+Annual+Casualty+Figures+Questioned&rft.pub=CAMERA&rft.date=2007-01-03&rft.au=Tamar+Sternthal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.org%2Findex.asp%3Fx_context%3D3%26x_outlet%3D12%26x_article%3D1265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-187"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_187-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/press_releases/20041208">"Two-thirds of Palestinians Killed in the West Bank This Year Did not Participate in the Fighting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. 8 December 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140105080659/http://www.btselem.org/press_releases/20041208">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2014. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Two-thirds+of+Palestinians+Killed+in+the+West+Bank+This+Year+Did+not+Participate+in+the+Fighting&rft.pub=B%27Tselem&rft.date=2004-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btselem.org%2Fpress_releases%2F20041208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenny_Morris2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benny_Morris" title="Benny Morris">Benny Morris</a> (2009). One State, Two States: Resolving the Israel/Palestine Conflict. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. pp. 151–152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12281-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12281-7"><bdi>978-0-300-12281-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+State%2C+Two+States%3A+Resolving+the+Israel%2FPalestine+Conflict&rft.pages=151-152&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12281-7&rft.au=Benny+Morris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErika_Waak2003" class="citation web cs1">Erika Waak (January–February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030211052937/http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/articles/waakjf03.htm">"Violence among the Palestinians"</a>. The Humanist. <a href="/wiki/American_Humanist_Association" title="American Humanist Association">American Humanist Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/articles/waakjf03.htm">the original</a> on 11 February 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Humanist&rft.atitle=Violence+among+the+Palestinians&rft.date=2003-01%2F2003-02&rft.au=Erika+Waak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehumanist.org%2Fhumanist%2Farticles%2Fwaakjf03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonie_Schultens2004" class="citation web cs1">Leonie Schultens (April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040606055755/http://www.phrmg.org/intrafada.htm">"The 'Intra'fada or 'the chaos of the weapons': An Analysis of Internal Palestinian Violence"</a>. The Palestinian Human Rights Monitor. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Group" title="Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group">Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phrmg.org/intrafada.htm">the original</a> on 6 June 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Palestinian+Human+Rights+Monitor&rft.atitle=The+%27Intra%27fada+or+%27the+chaos+of+the+weapons%27%3A+An+Analysis+of+Internal+Palestinian+Violence&rft.date=2004-04&rft.au=Leonie+Schultens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phrmg.org%2Fintrafada.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSean_MaguireKhaled_Oweis2007" class="citation news cs1">Sean Maguire; Khaled Oweis (10 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071018170208/http://today.reuters.com/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nL10415075">"Exclusive-Hamas leader says Israel's existence is a reality"</a>. Reuters. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://today.reuters.com/news/articlebusiness.aspx?type=tnBusinessNews&storyID=nL10415075">the original</a> on 18 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive-Hamas+leader+says+Israel%27s+existence+is+a+reality&rft.date=2007-01-10&rft.au=Sean+Maguire&rft.au=Khaled+Oweis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftoday.reuters.com%2Fnews%2Farticlebusiness.aspx%3Ftype%3DtnBusinessNews%26storyID%3DnL10415075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarel2008" class="citation news cs1">Harel, Amos (27 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/analysis-iaf-strike-on-gaza-is-israel-s-version-of-shock-and-awe-1.260341">"Analysis / IAF strike on Gaza is Israel's version of 'shock and awe'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150513023952/http://www.haaretz.com/news/analysis-iaf-strike-on-gaza-is-israel-s-version-of-shock-and-awe-1.260341">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Analysis+%2F+IAF+strike+on+Gaza+is+Israel%27s+version+of+%27shock+and+awe%27&rft.date=2008-12-27&rft.aulast=Harel&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fanalysis-iaf-strike-on-gaza-is-israel-s-version-of-shock-and-awe-1.260341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_400-193"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_400_193-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7807564.stm">"Israel braced for Hamas response"</a>. BBC News. 2 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225084007/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7807564.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+braced+for+Hamas+response&rft.date=2009-01-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7807564.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_7804051-194"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_7804051_194-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081230121114/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7804051.stm">"Israel pounds Gaza for fourth day"</a>. BBC News. 30 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7804051.stm">the original</a> on 30 December 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+pounds+Gaza+for+fourth+day&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F7804051.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_numbers_dec_30th-195"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_numbers_dec_30th_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7803711.stm">"Israel vows war on Hamas in Gaza"</a>. BBC News. 30 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081230031820/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7803711.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel+vows+war+on+Hamas+in+Gaza&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7803711.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre0-196"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre0_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122180254/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hI7x-bpyN4wqfAneMcCnl-LVx-pg">"Israeli Gaza 'massacre' must stop, Syria's Assad tells US senator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 30 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hI7x-bpyN4wqfAneMcCnl-LVx-pg">the original</a> on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israeli+Gaza+%27massacre%27+must+stop%2C+Syria%27s+Assad+tells+US+senator&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5hI7x-bpyN4wqfAneMcCnl-LVx-pg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre8-197"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre8_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090124060300/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62543/factions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.html">"Factions refuse Abbas' call for unity meeting amid Gaza massacre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Turkish_Weekly" title="Journal of Turkish Weekly">Journal of Turkish Weekly</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a>. 30 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/62543/factions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.html">the original</a> on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Factions+refuse+Abbas%27+call+for+unity+meeting+amid+Gaza+massacre&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F62543%2Ffactions-refuse-abbas-39-call-for-unity-meeting-amid-gaza-massacre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre6-198"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre6_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdas2008" class="citation news cs1">Adas, Basil (28 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202125030/http://www.gulfnews.com/region/Iraq/10270761.html">"Iraqi leaders discuss Gaza massacre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gulfnews.com/news/region/iraq/iraqi-leaders-discuss-gaza-massacre-1.150793">the original</a> on 2 February 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Iraqi+leaders+discuss+Gaza+massacre&rft.date=2008-12-28&rft.aulast=Adas&rft.aufirst=Basil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fregion%2Firaq%2Firaqi-leaders-discuss-gaza-massacre-1.150793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre10-199"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre10_199-0">^</a> "Hamas slammed the silent and still Arab position on Gaza massacre" – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090123164136/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data%2Fmiddleeast%2F2008%2FDecember%2Fmiddleeast_December507.xml&section=middleeast">"Israel airstrikes on Gaza kill at least 205"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Khaleej_Times" title="Khaleej Times">Khaleej Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Presse-Agentur" title="Deutsche Presse-Agentur">Deutsche Presse-Agentur (DPA)</a>. 27 December 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle08.asp?xfile=data/middleeast/2008/December/middleeast_December507.xml&section=middleeast">the original</a> on 23 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Khaleej+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+airstrikes+on+Gaza+kill+at+least+205&rft.date=2008-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.khaleejtimes.com%2FDisplayArticle08.asp%3Fxfile%3Ddata%2Fmiddleeast%2F2008%2FDecember%2Fmiddleeast_December507.xml%26section%3Dmiddleeast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre7-200"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre7_200-0">^</a> "it's impossible to contain the Arab and Islamic world after the Gaza massacre" – <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090119054136/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1004526/Hamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanon">"Hamas denies firing rockets from Lebanon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">Special Broadcasting Service</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. 8 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1004526/Hamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanon">the original</a> on 19 January 2009. Retrieved 11 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+denies+firing+rockets+from+Lebanon&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F1004526%2FHamas-denies-firing-rockets-from-Lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazza_massacre1-201"><a href="#cite_ref-gazza_massacre1_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/story/arab-leaders-call-for-palestinian-unity-during-terrible-massacre">"Arab Leaders Call for Palestinian Unity During "Terrible Massacre""</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. 31 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090122211525/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,474461,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Arab+Leaders+Call+for+Palestinian+Unity+During+%22Terrible+Massacre%22&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Farab-leaders-call-for-palestinian-unity-during-terrible-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazza_massacre2-202"><a href="#cite_ref-gazza_massacre2_202-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLU230729">"Gulf leaders tell Israel to stop Gaza 'massacres'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 30 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090118212337/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSLU230729">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arabnews.com/?page=1&section=0&article=117588&d=28&m=12&y=2008">the original</a> on 18 January 2009. Retrieved 7 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OIC%2C+GCC+denounce+massacre+in+Gaza&rft.date=2008-12-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2F%3Fpage%3D1%26section%3D0%26article%3D117588%26d%3D28%26m%3D12%26y%3D2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaza_massacre4-204"><a href="#cite_ref-gaza_massacre4_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/middle_east_news/newsid_7810000/7810968.stm"><bdi lang="ar">سباق دبلوماسي لوقف مذبحة غزة</bdi></a> [Diplomatic race to stop the Gaza massacre]. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/dhl/resguide/scact2008.htm">the original</a> on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 7 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Security+Council+6060th+meeting+%28Click+on+the+page+S%2FPV.6060+record+for+transcript%29&rft.date=2008-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Fdhl%2Fresguide%2Fscact2008.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ravid-206"><a href="#cite_ref-ravid_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRavid2009" class="citation news cs1">Ravid, Barak (18 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/idf-begins-gaza-troop-withdrawal-hours-after-ending-3-week-offensive-1.268326">"IDF begins Gaza troop withdrawal, hours after ending 3-week offensive"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140817072019/http://www.haaretz.com/news/idf-begins-gaza-troop-withdrawal-hours-after-ending-3-week-offensive-1.268326">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2014. 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Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Two+IDF+soldiers%2C+civilian+lightly+hurt+as+Gaza+mortars+hit+Negev&rft.date=2009-01-02&rft.au=Yuval+Azoulay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Ftwo-idf-soldiers-civilian-lightly-hurt-as-gaza-mortars-hit-negev-1.266841&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYagna2008" class="citation news cs1">Yagna, Yanir (2 April 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/ten-rockets-hit-southern-israel-one-damages-ashkelon-school-1.271119">"Ten rockets hit southern Israel, one damages Ashkelon school"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130920154814/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/ten-rockets-hit-southern-israel-one-damages-ashkelon-school-1.271119">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2013. 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New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53150-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-53150-8"><bdi>978-0-374-53150-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Israel+Lobby+and+U.S.+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-374-53150-8&rft.aulast=Mearsheimer&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Walt%2C+Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'SullivanFriedson2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arieh_O%27Sullivan" title="Arieh O'Sullivan">O'Sullivan, Arieh</a>; Friedson, Felice (3 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Jewish-Agency-style-Palestine-Network-launched-in-Bethleh">"Jewish-Agency-style 'Palestine Network; launched in Bethleh"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208030132/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Jewish-Agency-style-Palestine-Network-launched-in-Bethleh">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Jewish-Agency-style+%27Palestine+Network%3B+launched+in+Bethleh&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Arieh&rft.au=Friedson%2C+Felice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FJewish-Agency-style-Palestine-Network-launched-in-Bethleh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConcepcion2013" class="citation news cs1">Concepcion, Juan Carlos (9 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.devex.com/news/top-10-recipients-of-eu-aid-81760">"Top 10 recipients of EU aid"</a>. Devex. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710204746/https://www.devex.com/news/top-10-recipients-of-eu-aid-81760">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Devex&rft.atitle=Top+10+recipients+of+EU+aid&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft.aulast=Concepcion&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.devex.com%2Fnews%2Ftop-10-recipients-of-eu-aid-81760&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanotti2014" class="citation web cs1">Zanotti, Jim (3 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22967.pdf">"U.S. Foreign Aid to the Palestinians"</a> (PDF). Federation of American Scientists. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210810185050/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22967.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Foreign+Aid+to+the+Palestinians&rft.pub=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.date=2014-07-03&rft.aulast=Zanotti&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Fmideast%2FRS22967.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Sela" title="Avraham Sela">Sela, Avraham</a>. "Arab Summit Conferences". The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 158–160 </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060602123619/http://www.bicohen.tau.ac.il/templ001/manage.asp?siteID=5&lang=2&pageID=199"><bdi lang="he">מכון ב.י. ולוסיל כהן למחקרי דעת קהל</bdi></a>. social-sciences.tau.ac.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://social-sciences.tau.ac.il/bicohen">the original</a> on 2 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=social-sciences.tau.ac.il&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F+%D7%91.%D7%99.+%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9C+%D7%9B%D7%94%D7%9F+%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99+%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%AA+%D7%A7%D7%94%D7%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsocial-sciences.tau.ac.il%2Fbicohen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108082619/http://spirit.tau.ac.il/socant/peace/peaceindex/2004/data/may2004d.pdf"><bdi lang="he">מדד השלום</bdi></a> (PDF) (in Hebrew). The Tami Steinmetz Center for Peace Research. May 2004. Archived from the original on 8 November 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%93+%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D&rft.pub=The+Tami+Steinmetz+Center+for+Peace+Research&rft.date=2004-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspirit.tau.ac.il%2Fsocant%2Fpeace%2Fpeaceindex%2F2004%2Fdata%2Fmay2004d.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Tabarani-251">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tabarani_251-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tabarani_251-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabarani2008" class="citation book cs1">Tabarani, Gabriel G. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AMqLgW_B_BAC&pg=PA242">Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Balfour Promise to Bush Declaration: THE COMPLICATIONS AND THE ROAD FOR A LASTING PEACE</a>. AuthorHouse. pp. 242–243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4343-7237-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4343-7237-6"><bdi>978-1-4343-7237-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818220355/https://books.google.com/books?id=AMqLgW_B_BAC&pg=PA242">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict%3A+From+Balfour+Promise+to+Bush+Declaration%3A+THE+COMPLICATIONS+AND+THE+ROAD+FOR+A+LASTING+PEACE&rft.pages=242-243&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4343-7237-6&rft.aulast=Tabarani&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAMqLgW_B_BAC%26pg%3DPA242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Books">Books</h4></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregman2005" class="citation book cs1">Bregman, Ahron (29 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pxNsI4UaU-sC&pg=PT160">Elusive Peace: How the Holy Land Defeated America</a>. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 160–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190613-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-190613-3"><bdi>978-0-14-190613-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095446/https://books.google.com/books?id=pxNsI4UaU-sC&pg=PT160">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elusive+Peace%3A+How+the+Holy+Land+Defeated+America&rft.pages=160-&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2005-09-29&rft.isbn=978-0-14-190613-3&rft.aulast=Bregman&rft.aufirst=Ahron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpxNsI4UaU-sC%26pg%3DPT160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByman2011" class="citation book cs1">Byman, Daniel (15 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">A High Price: The Triumphs and Failures of Israeli Counterterrorism</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 114–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983045-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983045-9"><bdi>978-0-19-983045-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095443/https://books.google.com/books?id=mYppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+High+Price%3A+The+Triumphs+and+Failures+of+Israeli+Counterterrorism&rft.pages=114-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011-06-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983045-9&rft.aulast=Byman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYppAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatignani2008" class="citation book cs1">Catignani, Sergio (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2C3NcBIl_60C">Israeli Counter-Insurgency and the Intifadas: Dilemmas of a Conventional Army</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93069-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93069-4"><bdi>978-0-203-93069-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102113652/https://books.google.com/books?id=2C3NcBIl_60C">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israeli+Counter-Insurgency+and+the+Intifadas%3A+Dilemmas+of+a+Conventional+Army&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-203-93069-4&rft.aulast=Catignani&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2C3NcBIl_60C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattar2005" class="citation book cs1">Mattar, Philip (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA40">Encyclopedia of the Palestinians</a>. Infobase Publishing. pp. 40–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6986-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-6986-6"><bdi>978-0-8160-6986-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200819111423/https://books.google.com/books?id=GkbzYoZtaJMC&pg=PA40">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Palestinians&rft.pages=40-&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8160-6986-6&rft.aulast=Mattar&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGkbzYoZtaJMC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinhart2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tanya_Reinhart" title="Tanya Reinhart">Reinhart, Tanya</a> (2006). The Road Map to Nowhere: Israel/Palestine Since 2003. <a href="/wiki/Verso_Books" title="Verso Books">Verso Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-076-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84467-076-5"><bdi>978-1-84467-076-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+Map+to+Nowhere%3A+Israel%2FPalestine+Since+2003&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84467-076-5&rft.aulast=Reinhart&rft.aufirst=Tanya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulzHammer2003" class="citation book cs1">Schulz, Helena Lindholm; Hammer, Juliane (2003). The Palestinian Diaspora: Formation of Identities and Politics of Homeland. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26820-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-26820-2"><bdi>978-0-415-26820-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Diaspora%3A+Formation+of+Identities+and+Politics+of+Homeland&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-26820-2&rft.aulast=Schulz&rft.aufirst=Helena+Lindholm&rft.au=Hammer%2C+Juliane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShindler2013" class="citation book cs1">Shindler, Colin (25 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oSQgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA283">A History of Modern Israel</a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 283–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-31121-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-31121-3"><bdi>978-1-107-31121-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223214233/https://books.google.com/books?id=oSQgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA283">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Israel&rft.pages=283-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft.isbn=978-1-107-31121-3&rft.aulast=Shindler&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoSQgAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA283&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2019" class="citation book cs1">Tucker, Spencer C. (31 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm6pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA958">Middle East Conflicts from Ancient Egypt to the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]</a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 958–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5353-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-5353-1"><bdi>978-1-4408-5353-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095441/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm6pDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA958">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+East+Conflicts+from+Ancient+Egypt+to+the+21st+Century%3A+An+Encyclopedia+and+Document+Collection+%26%2391%3B4+volumes%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=958-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2019-08-31&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-5353-1&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Spencer+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDm6pDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYousef2011" class="citation book cs1">Yousef, Mosab Hassan (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6qqwLB05IocC">Son of Hamas: A Gripping Account of Terror, Betrayal, Political Intrigue, and Unthinkable Choices</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tyndale_House" title="Tyndale House">Tyndale House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85078-985-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85078-985-7"><bdi>978-1-85078-985-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095443/https://books.google.com/books?id=6qqwLB05IocC">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Son+of+Hamas%3A+A+Gripping+Account+of+Terror%2C+Betrayal%2C+Political+Intrigue%2C+and+Unthinkable+Choices&rft.pub=Tyndale+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-85078-985-7&rft.aulast=Yousef&rft.aufirst=Mosab+Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6qqwLB05IocC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2013" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Hillel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KRKsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73">The Rise and Fall of Arab Jerusalem: Palestinian Politics and the City Since 1967</a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85266-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-85266-4"><bdi>978-1-136-85266-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+Arab+Jerusalem%3A+Palestinian+Politics+and+the+City+Since+1967&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-85266-4&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Hillel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKRKsAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA73&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPressman2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pressman, Jeremy (21 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/220">"The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"</a>. Journal of Conflict Studies. 23 (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1715-5673">1715-5673</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101133442/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/220">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+Background+and+Causes+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2006-02-21&rft.issn=1715-5673&rft.aulast=Pressman&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2FJCS%2Farticle%2Fview%2F220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Articles">Articles</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBBC2004" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm">"Al-Aqsa Intifada timeline"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 29 September 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702011849/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3677206.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Al-Aqsa+Intifada+timeline&rft.date=2004-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F3677206.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbas2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4247327.stm">"Full text of Abbas declaration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 8 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200308184426/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4247327.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 March 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+Abbas+declaration&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4247327.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharon2005" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4247233.stm">"Full text of Sharon declaration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 8 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032406/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4247233.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+Sharon+declaration&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4247233.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNPR2014" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/01/11/261390545/a-feud-that-lasted-a-lifetime-ariel-sharon-vs-yasser-arafat">"A Feud That Lasted A Lifetime: Ariel Sharon Vs. Yasser Arafat"</a>. NPR.org. 11 January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405155002/https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/01/11/261390545/a-feud-that-lasted-a-lifetime-ariel-sharon-vs-yasser-arafat">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR.org&rft.atitle=A+Feud+That+Lasted+A+Lifetime%3A+Ariel+Sharon+Vs.+Yasser+Arafat&rft.date=2014-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fparallels%2F2014%2F01%2F11%2F261390545%2Fa-feud-that-lasted-a-lifetime-ariel-sharon-vs-yasser-arafat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecond+Intifada" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Template talk:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Participants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Participants</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Police" title="Israel Police">Israel Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad" title="Mossad">Mossad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shabak (Shin Bet)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Principals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin_Brigades" title="Jenin Brigades">Jenin Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lions%27_Den_(militant_group)" title="Lions' Den (militant group)">Lions' Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">PRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabireen_Movement" title="Sabireen Movement">Sabireen Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Zouari" title="Sons of Zouari">Sons of Zouari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third-party groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Individuals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Individuals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Israelis" title="Israelis">Israelis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ami_Ayalon" title="Ami Ayalon">Ami Ayalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">David Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftali_Bennett" title="Naftali Bennett">Naftali Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menachem_Begin" title="Menachem Begin">Menachem Begin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Dagan" title="Meir Dagan">Meir Dagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Dayan" title="Moshe Dayan">Moshe Dayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avi_Dichter" title="Avi Dichter">Avi Dichter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuval_Diskin" title="Yuval Diskin">Yuval Diskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benny_Gantz" title="Benny Gantz">Benny Gantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efraim_Halevy" title="Efraim Halevy">Efraim Halevy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Halutz" title="Dan Halutz">Dan Halutz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golda_Meir" title="Golda Meir">Golda Meir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz" title="Shaul Mofaz">Shaul Mofaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai" title="Yitzhak Mordechai">Yitzhak Mordechai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu" title="Benjamin Netanyahu">Benjamin Netanyahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Peres" title="Shimon Peres">Shimon Peres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Peri" title="Yaakov Peri">Yaakov Peri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin" title="Yitzhak Rabin">Yitzhak Rabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak" title="Amnon Lipkin-Shahak">Amnon Lipkin-Shahak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit" title="Shabtai Shavit">Shabtai Shavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Ya%27alon" title="Moshe Ya'alon">Moshe Ya'alon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Yatom" title="Danny Yatom">Danny Yatom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Zamir" title="Zvi Zamir">Zvi Zamir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan" title="Muhammad Zaidan">Abu Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moussa_Arafat" title="Moussa Arafat">Moussa Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash" title="Yahya Ayyash">Yahya Ayyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti" title="Marwan Barghouti">Marwan Barghouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan" title="Mohammed Dahlan">Mohammed Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Deif" title="Mohammed Deif">Mohammed Deif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadie_Haddad" title="Wadie Haddad">Wadie Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh" title="Nayef Hawatmeh">Nayef Hawatmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husayni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazi_al-Jabali" title="Ghazi al-Jabali">Ghazi Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril" title="Ahmed Jibril">Ahmed Jibril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Abu Jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Khalaf" title="Salah Khalaf">Salah Khalaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leila_Khaled" title="Leila Khaled">Leila Khaled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil" title="Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil">Sheikh Khalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaled_Mashal" title="Khaled Mashal">Khaled Mashal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen" title="Zuheir Mohsen">Zuheir Mohsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa" title="Abu Ali Mustafa">Abu Ali Mustafa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal" title="Abu Nidal">Abu Nidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub" title="Jibril Rajoub">Jibril Rajoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi" title="Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi">Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Salameh" title="Ali Hassan Salameh">Ali Hassan Salameh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Shehade" title="Salah Shehade">Salah Shehade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah" title="Ramadan Shalah">Ramadan Shalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathi_Shaqaqi" title="Fathi Shaqaqi">Fathi Shaqaqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahlam_Tamimi" title="Ahlam Tamimi">Ahlam Tamimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin" title="Ahmed Yassin">Ahmed Yassin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Timeline_**_military_operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">military operations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Background</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1920–1948" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1920–1948</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1920 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots" title="1920 Nebi Musa riots">Nebi Musa riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai" title="Battle of Tel Hai">Battle of Tel Hai</a></li></ul></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Jaffa_riots" title="Jaffa riots">Jaffa riots</a></li> <li>1929 <a href="/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots" title="1929 Palestine riots">Palestine riots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre" title="1929 Hebron massacre">Hebron massacre</a></li></ul></li> <li>1936–1939 <a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">Arab revolt</a></li> <li>1944–1947 <a href="/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine">Jewish insurgency</a></li> <li>1947–1948 <a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine">Civil War</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1948–1970" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1948–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war" title="Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war">massacres</a></li></ul></li> <li>1948–present <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Fedayeen insurgency</a> <ul><li>1951–1967 <a href="/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_Israeli_civilians_before_1967" title="List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967">Attacks against Israeli civilians</a></li> <li>1950s–1960s <a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a></li></ul></li> <li>1953 <a href="/wiki/Qibya_massacre" title="Qibya massacre">Qibya massacre</a></li> <li>1956 <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre" title="Kafr Qasim massacre">Kafr Qasim</a> / <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis</a> / <a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">Rafah massacres</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li>1967–1970 <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> <ul><li>1968 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1968–1982" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1968–1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Avivim_school_bus_bombing" title="Avivim school bus bombing">Avivim school bus bombing</a></li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> / <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">"Bayonet"</a> (1973 <a href="/wiki/Lillehammer_affair" title="Lillehammer affair">Lillehammer affair</a>)</li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona_massacre" title="Kiryat Shmona massacre">Kiryat Shmona massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a></li> <li>1976 <a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe raid</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre" title="Coastal road massacre">Coastal road massacre</a> / <a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">South Lebanon conflict</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1973–1987" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1973–1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1973 <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li>1975 <a href="/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1975" title="Ben Yehuda Street bombings">Zion Square bombing</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut" title="Siege of Beirut">Siege of Beirut</a></li></ul></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/1983_West_Bank_fainting_epidemic" title="1983 West Bank fainting epidemic">1983 West Bank fainting epidemic</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a></li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking" title="Achille Lauro hijacking">Achille Lauro hijacking</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">"Wooden Leg"</a></li> <li>1987 <a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders" title="Night of the Gliders">Night of the Gliders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1987–1991" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">1987–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1988 <a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a></li> <li>1989 <a href="/wiki/1989_Tel_Aviv%E2%80%93Jerusalem_bus_attack" title="1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack">Bus 405 attack</a></li> <li>1990 <a href="/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings" title="1990 Temple Mount killings">Temple Mount killings</a></li> <li>1990s <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#1990s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre" title="Cave of the Patriarchs massacre">Cave of the Patriarchs massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2000–2005" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2000–2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#2000s" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations#2000s" title="List of Israeli assassinations">Israeli assassinations</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel" title="October 2000 protests in Israel">October events</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Santorini_affair" title="Santorini affair">Santorini</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Karine_A_affair" title="Karine A affair">Karine A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield" title="Operation Defensive Shield">"Defensive Shield"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)" title="Battle of Jenin (2002)">Battle of Jenin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus" title="Battle of Nablus">Battle of Nablus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path" title="Operation Determined Path">"Determined Path"</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah" title="2004 Israeli operation in Rafah">"Rainbow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Beit_Hanoun_raid" title="2004 Beit Hanoun raid">Beit Hanoun raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip" title="2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip">"Days of Penitence"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Palestinian dissident campaigns</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">"Bringing Home the Goods"</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_yeshiva_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack">Jerusalem yeshiva attack</a> / <a href="/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_bulldozer_attack" title="2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack">Jerusalem bulldozer attack</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2009 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">2015–2016 violence</a></li> <li>2017 <a href="/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis" title="2017 Temple Mount crisis">Temple Mount crisis</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes" title="2022 Al-Aqsa clashes">Al-Aqsa clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-right:0.5em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="2006–present" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.0em">2006–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_beach_explosion" title="2006 Gaza beach explosion">Gaza beach explosion</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid" title="2006 Gaza cross-border raid">Gaza cross-border raid</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">"Summer Rains"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">"Autumn Clouds"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun shelling</a></li> <li>2008 <a href="/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border">Egypt–Gaza border breach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">"Hot Winter"</a></li> <li>2008–2009 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Returning Echo"</a> / <a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">"Pillar of Defense"</a></li> <li>2014 <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">"Protective Edge"</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Flotilla_III" title="Freedom Flotilla III">Freedom Flotilla III</a></li> <li>2018 <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">November clashes</a></li> <li>2019 <a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">May clashes</a> / <a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Black Belt"</a></li> <li>2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">"Guardian of the Walls"</a></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Breaking Dawn"</a></li> <li>2023 <a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">"Shield and Arrow"</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Diplomacy/law" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy/law</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Timeline" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1948–1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">Palestinian expulsion and flight</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">depopulated towns and villages</a></li></ul></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1967–present <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence" title="Israeli settler violence">settler violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="International law and Israeli settlements">international law</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993–1995 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations" title="Protocol on Economic Relations">Paris Protocol</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a></li> <li>1994–present <a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">US security assistance to the PA</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron" title="Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron">Hebron Agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East" title="Quartet on the Middle East">Quartet established</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road Map</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative" title="Valley of Peace initiative">Valley of Peace initiative</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/2009_Aftonbladet_Israel_controversy" title="2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy">Aftonbladet Israel controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010–11 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2011 <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Papers" title="Palestine Papers">Palestine Papers</a></li> <li>2013–2014 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations" title="Israel and the United Nations">Israel and the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the UN</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Resolution 181</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Resolution 242</a></li> <li>ICJ cases <ul><li>2004 <a href="/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory" title="Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory">Wall construction</a></li> <li>2023–present <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%27s_genocide_case_against_Israel" title="South Africa's genocide case against Israel">South African allegation of genocide</a></li> <li>2024 <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany" title="Nicaragua v. Germany">Nicaragua v. Germany</a></li> <li>2023–2024 <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Israeli occupation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Analysis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Analysis</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparisons_between_Israel_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany">Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany</a></li> <li>Criticism <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas" title="Criticism of Hamas">Criticism of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel" title="Criticism of Israel">Criticism of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_criticism_of_the_occupation_of_Palestine" title="Israeli criticism of the occupation of Palestine">Israeli criticism of the occupation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Media coverage of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Media coverage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Israel" title="Racism in Israel">Racism in Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_anti-Zionism" title="Timeline of anti-Zionism">Timeline of anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_was_no_such_thing_as_Palestinians" title="There was no such thing as Palestinians">There was no such thing as Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab–Israeli_conflict" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict_participants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="CountriesAuthoritiesOrganizations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Countries</li><li>Authorities</li><li>Organizations</li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary countries and authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Hamas Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq" title="Kingdom of Iraq">Iraqi Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'athist Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic" title="Second Syrian Republic">Syrian Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Ba'athist Syria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amal_Movement" title="Amal Movement">Amal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front" title="Arab Liberation Front">Arab Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)" title="Army of Islam (Gaza)">Army of Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars" title="Guardians of the Cedars">Guardians of the Cedars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezbollah" title="Hezbollah">Hezbollah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataeb_Party" title="Kataeb Party">Kataeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Forces" title="Lebanese Forces">Lebanese Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">PIJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front" title="Palestinian Liberation Front">PLF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">PLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">Palestinian Popular Struggle Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_%E2%80%93_General_Command" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command">PFLP-GC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sa%27iqa" title="As-Sa'iqa">as-Sa'iqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party" title="Syrian Social Nationalist Party">Syrian Social Nationalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization" title="Abu Nidal Organization">Abu Nidal Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September_Organization" title="Black September Organization">Black September Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haganah" title="Haganah">Haganah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War" title="Army of the Holy War">Holy War Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irgun" title="Irgun">Irgun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army" title="Japanese Red Army">Japanese Red Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)" title="Lehi (militant group)">Lehi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmach" title="Palmach">Palmach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)" title="Revolutionary Cells (German group)">Revolutionary Cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army" title="South Lebanon Army">South Lebanon Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_armed_engagements" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_engagements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="History of the Arab–Israeli conflict">Armed engagements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1947–1959</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency" title="Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency">Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency</a> (1949–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960–1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samu_incident" title="Samu incident">Samu incident</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh" title="Battle of Karameh">Battle of Karameh</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> (1968–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Lebanon" title="1968 Israeli raid on Lebanon">Gift</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571" title="Sabena Flight 571">Sabena Flight 571</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre" title="Lod Airport massacre">Lod Airport massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre" title="Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre">Bayonet</a> (1972–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27alot_massacre" title="Ma'alot massacre">Ma'alot massacre</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack" title="Savoy Hotel attack">Savoy Hotel attack</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entebbe_raid" title="Entebbe raid">Entebbe</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Road massacre">Coastal Road massacre</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">Litani</a> (1978)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980–1999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis" title="Misgav Am hostage crisis">Misgav Am hostage crisis</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Opera" title="Operation Opera">Opera</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_300_affair" title="Bus 300 affair">Bus 300 affair</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg" title="Operation Wooden Leg">Wooden Leg</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Bus_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Mothers' Bus attack">Mothers' Bus attack</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination" title="Khalil al-Wazir">Tunis raid</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel" title="1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel">Iraqi missile attacks against Israel</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush" title="Operation Bramble Bush">Bramble Bush</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="Palestinian suicide attacks">Palestinian suicide attacks</a> (1993–2008; <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Accountability" title="Operation Accountability">Accountability</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath" title="Operation Grapes of Wrath">Grapes of Wrath</a> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000–2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel</a> (2001–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike" title="Ain es Saheb airstrike">Ain es Saheb airstrike</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">Bringing Home the Goods</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="2006 Gaza–Israel conflict">Summer Rains</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun" title="2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun">Autumn Clouds</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel conflict</a> (2006–) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter" title="Operation Hot Winter">Hot Winter</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign" title="2010 Palestinian militancy campaign">Palestinian militancy campaign</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">Southern Israel cross-border attacks</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2012_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes">Returning Echo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip">Pillar of Defense</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Wave of violence</a> (2015–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">Gaza border protests</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2018_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Gaza–Israel clashes</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2019_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes">Black Belt</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">Breaking Dawn</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2023_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes">Shield and Arrow</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> (2023–2024)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_diplomacy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Diplomacy_and_peace_proposals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Diplomacy and <a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_normalization" title="Arab–Israeli normalization">peace proposals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1914 <a href="/wiki/Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li> <li>1915 <a href="/wiki/McMahon%E2%80%93Hussein_Correspondence" class="mw-redirect" title="McMahon–Hussein Correspondence">McMahon–Hussein Correspondence</a></li> <li>1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li> <li>1917 <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a></li> <li>1918 <a href="/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven" title="Declaration to the Seven">Declaration to the Seven</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration" title="Anglo-French Declaration">Anglo-French Declaration</a></li> <li>1919 <a href="/wiki/Faisal%E2%80%93Weizmann_agreement" title="Faisal–Weizmann agreement">Faisal–Weizmann agreement</a></li> <li>1920 <a href="/wiki/San_Remo_conference" title="San Remo conference">San Remo conference</a></li> <li>1922 <a href="/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper" title="Churchill White Paper">Churchill White Paper</a></li> <li>1937 <a href="/wiki/Peel_Commission" title="Peel Commission">Peel Commission</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939" title="White Paper of 1939">White Paper</a></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939" title="London Conference of 1939">London Conference</a></li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Morrison%E2%80%93Grady_Plan" title="Morrison–Grady Plan">Morrison–Grady Plan</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/Bevin_Plan" title="Bevin Plan">Bevin Plan</a></li> <li>1946–47 <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946%E2%80%931947" title="London Conference of 1946–1947">London Conference</a></li> <li>1947 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">UN Partition Plan</a></li> <li>1948 <a href="/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine" title="American trusteeship proposal for Palestine">American trusteeship proposal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948–1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1948 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194">UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194</a></li> <li>1949 <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">Armistice agreements</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949" title="Lausanne Conference of 1949">Lausanne Conference</a></li> <li>1950 <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950" title="Tripartite Declaration of 1950">Tripartite Declaration</a></li> <li>1967 <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution" title="Khartoum Resolution">Khartoum Resolution</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242</a></li> <li>1973 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 338">UNSC Resolution 338</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 339">UNSC Resolution 339</a></li> <li>1974 <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria" title="Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria">Israel–Syria disengagement agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 350">UNSC Resolution 350</a></li> <li>1978 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 425">UNSC Resolution 425</a> / <a href="/wiki/Camp_David_Accords" title="Camp David Accords">Camp David Accords</a></li> <li>1979 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 446">UNSC Resolution 446</a> / <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 452">UNSC Resolution 452</a></li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">UNSC Resolution 478</a></li> <li>1981 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">UNSC Resolution 497</a></li> <li>1981–1982 <a href="/wiki/Fahd_Plan" title="Fahd Plan">Fahd Plan</a></li> <li>1982 <a href="/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan" title="Reagan peace plan">Reagan peace plan</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/May_17_Agreement" title="May 17 Agreement">Israel–Lebanon agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991–2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991 <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference</a></li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a></li> <li>1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Beilin%E2%80%93Abu_Mazen_agreement" title="Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement">Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement</a></li> <li>1998 <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a></li> <li>1999 <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum" title="Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum">Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">Camp David Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters" title="The Clinton Parameters">Clinton Parameters</a></li> <li>2000 <a href="/wiki/Isratin" title="Isratin">Isratin</a></li> <li>2001 <a href="/wiki/Taba_Summit" title="Taba Summit">Taba Summit</a></li> <li>2002 <a href="/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit" title="2002 Arab League summit">Beirut Summit and peace initiative</a> / <a href="/wiki/Road_map_for_peace" title="Road map for peace">Road map</a></li> <li>2003 <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Initiative" title="Geneva Initiative">Geneva Initiative</a></li> <li>2004 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559">UNSC Resolution 1559</a> / <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566">UNSC Resolution 1566</a></li> <li>2005 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583">UNSC Resolution 1583</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit_of_2005" title="Sharm El Sheikh Summit of 2005">Sharm El Sheikh Summit</a> / <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> / <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Agreement on Movement and Access</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850">UNSC Resolution 1850</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quartet_Principles" title="Quartet Principles">Quartet Principles</a></li> <li>2006 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701">UNSC Resolution 1701</a></li> <li>2007 <a href="/wiki/Annapolis_Conference" title="Annapolis Conference">Annapolis Conference</a></li> <li>2010 <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%932011_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%932014_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_talks" title="2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks">Israeli–Palestinian peace talks</a></li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters" title="John Kerry Parameters">John Kerry Parameters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2019 <a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Trump peace plan</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">Israel–UAE normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Israel–Sudan normalization agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Israel–Morocco normalization agreement</a></li></ul></li> <li>2022 <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute" title="Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute">Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold_War_Asian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Post-Cold War Asian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Post–Cold_War_conflicts_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Post–<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_conflicts_in_Asia" title="List of conflicts in Asia">conflicts in Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Northeast_India" title="Insurgency in Northeast India">Insurgency in Northeast India (1964–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naxalite%E2%80%93Maoist_insurgency" title="Naxalite–Maoist insurgency">Naxalite–Maoist insurgency (1967–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence_in_India" title="Religious violence in India">Religious violence in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Punjab,_India" title="Insurgency in Punjab, India">Insurgency in Punjab (1981–1995)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict (1947–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932015_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%932018_India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="2016–2018 India–Pakistan border skirmishes">India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2016–2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir insurgency (1989–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sindh" title="Insurgency in Sindh">Insurgency in Sindh (2010–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sri Lanka</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1971_JVP_insurrection" title="1971 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war (1983–2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%931989_JVP_insurrection" title="1987–1989 JVP insurrection">JVP insurrection (1987–1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%932013_Maldives_political_crisis" title="2011–2013 Maldives political crisis">Maldives political crisis (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalese_Civil_War" title="Nepalese Civil War">Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_All_Clear" title="Operation All Clear">Operation All Clear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_conflict" title="Xinjiang conflict">Xinjiang conflict (1960s–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Tibetan_unrest" title="2008 Tibetan unrest">Tibetan unrest (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Korea (North and South)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_conflict" title="Korean conflict">Korean conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_border_incidents_involving_North_and_South_Korea" title="List of border incidents involving North and South Korea">Maritime border incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_North_Korean_nuclear_crisis" title="1994 North Korean nuclear crisis">1994 North Korean nuclear crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">2017–2018 crisis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Taiwan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis" title="Third Taiwan Strait Crisis">Taiwan Strait Crisis (1996)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cambodia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papua_conflict" title="Papua conflict">Papua conflict (1969–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Aceh" title="Insurgency in Aceh">Insurgency in Aceh (1976–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Madago_Raya" title="Operation Madago Raya">East Indonesia Mujahideen insurgency (2015–2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Myanmar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_conflict" title="Myanmar conflict">Myanmar conflict (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_conflict" title="Karen conflict">Karen conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachin_conflict" title="Kachin conflict">Kachin conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_conflict" title="Rohingya conflict">Rohingya conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar_civil_war_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="Myanmar civil war (2021–present)">Civil war (2021–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thailand</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Thailand_insurgency" title="South Thailand insurgency">South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Thai_border_dispute" title="Cambodian–Thai border dispute">Cambodian–Thai border dispute (2008–2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Timor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_occupation_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian occupation of East Timor">Indonesian occupation (1975–1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_East_Timorese_crisis" title="1999 East Timorese crisis">1999 crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_East_Timorese_crisis" title="2006 East Timorese crisis">2006 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Conflict_(1979%E2%80%931998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)">Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Laos" title="Insurgency in Laos">Laotian insurgency (1975–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_conflict_in_the_Philippines" title="Civil conflict in the Philippines">Philippine civil conflict (1969–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_People%27s_Army_rebellion" title="New People's Army rebellion">NPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moro_conflict" title="Moro conflict">Moro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FULRO_insurgency" title="FULRO insurgency">FULRO insurgency (1964–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afghanistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan%E2%80%93Pakistan_border_skirmishes" title="Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes">Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_conflict" title="Afghan conflict">Afghan conflict</a> <ul><li>Civil War <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1989%E2%80%931992)" title="Afghan Civil War (1989–1992)">1989–1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1992%E2%80%931996)" title="Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)">1992–1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Civil_War_(1996%E2%80%932001)" title="Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)">1996–2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">2001–2021 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_insurgency_in_Afghanistan" title="Republican insurgency in Afghanistan">Republican insurgency</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kazakhstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflicts_in_Kazakhstan" title="Ethnic conflicts in Kazakhstan">Ethnic conflicts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kyrgyzstan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Osh_clashes" title="1990 Osh clashes">1990 Osh clashes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Kyrgyz_Revolution" title="2010 Kyrgyz Revolution">2010 Kyrgyz Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_South_Kyrgyzstan_ethnic_clashes" title="2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes">2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tajikistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" title="Tajikistani Civil War">Tajikistani Civil War (1992–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Gorno-Badakhshan_(2010%E2%80%932015)" title="Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)">Insurgency in Gorno-Badakhshan (2010–2015)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fergana_massacre" title="Fergana massacre">Fergana massacre (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andijan_massacre" title="Andijan massacre">Andijan massacre (2005)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Azerbaijan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (1988–2024)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict" title="2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict">2016 conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="Second Nagorno-Karabakh War">Second War</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bahrain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bahraini_uprising" title="2011 Bahraini uprising">Bahraini uprising (2011)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_separatism_in_Iran" title="Kurdish separatism in Iran">Kurdish separatism in Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KDPI_insurgency_(1989%E2%80%931996)" title="KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)">KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93PJAK_conflict" title="Iran–PJAK conflict">Iran–PJAK conflict (2004–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2016%E2%80%93present)" title="Western Iran clashes (2016–present)">Western Iran clashes (2016–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_insurgency" title="Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency">Sistan and Baluchestan insurgency (2004–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraq</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish_conflict" title="Iraqi–Kurdish conflict">Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (1918–2003)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdish_Civil_War" title="Iraqi Kurdish Civil War">Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_conflict" title="Iraqi conflict">Iraqi conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan_conflict_(2001%E2%80%932003)" title="Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)">Iraqi Kurdistan conflict (2001–2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War (2003–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2011%E2%80%932013)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)">Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013%E2%80%932017)" title="War in Iraq (2013–2017)">War in Iraq (2013–2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_State_insurgency_in_Iraq_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)">ISIL insurgency (2017–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Israel proxy conflict">Iran–Israel (1985–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Israel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian civil war">Syrian arena (2012–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Lebanon War (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict" title="2007 Lebanon conflict">Conflict in Northern Lebanon (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Lebanon_conflict" title="2008 Lebanon conflict">Lebanon conflict (2008)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian (1948–present)</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada (2000–2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_conflict" title="Gaza–Israel conflict">Gaza–Israel (2006–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict (2006–2008)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saudi Arabia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (1979–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qatif_conflict" title="Qatif conflict">Qatif conflict</a></li> <li>Persian Gulf crisis (2019–2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_civil_war" title="Syrian civil war">Syrian Civil War (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Spillover of the Syrian Civil War">Regional spillover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="Maoist insurgency in Turkey">Maoist insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DHKP/C_insurgency_in_Turkey" title="DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey">DHKP/C insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish%E2%80%93Turkish_conflict_(1978%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)">Kurdish–Turkish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey%E2%80%93Islamic_State_conflict" title="Turkey–Islamic State conflict">Turkey–ISIL conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)" title="Yemeni civil war (1994)">Civil war (1994)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Qaeda_insurgency_in_Yemen" title="Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen">al-Qaeda (1998–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_insurgency" title="Houthi insurgency">Houthi (2004–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen_insurgency" title="South Yemen insurgency">South Yemen (2009–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_crisis" title="Yemeni crisis">Yemeni crisis (2011–present)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen" title="Houthi takeover in Yemen">Houthi takeover (2014–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Civil War (2014–present)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-continental conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_insurgency" title="Sinai insurgency">Sinai insurgency (2011–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on terror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Inherent_Resolve" title="Operation Inherent Resolve">Operation Inherent Resolve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Winter" title="Arab Winter">Arab Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolutions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wars_and_conflicts_involving_Israel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Israeli_wars" title="Template:Israeli wars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli_wars" title="Template talk:Israeli wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli_wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli wars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wars_and_conflicts_involving_Israel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Israel" title="List of wars involving Israel">Wars and conflicts involving Israel</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">Arab–Israeli War</a> (1948–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reprisal_operations" title="Reprisal operations">Reprisal operations</a> (1951–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_over_Water_(Jordan_River)" title="War over Water (Jordan River)">War over Water</a> (1964–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict" title="1978 South Lebanon conflict">First invasion of Lebanon</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">Second invasion of Lebanon</a>/First Lebanon War (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985%E2%80%932000)" title="South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)">South Lebanon conflict</a> (1982–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> (1987–1993)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Second Intifada</a> (2000–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">Second Lebanon War</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Gaza_War" title="2012 Gaza War">2012 Gaza War</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">Gaza War</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">Israel–Palestine crisis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49106#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4665525-6">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00001754">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13773231s">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13773231s">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007285395505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Intifada&oldid=1258430033">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Second_Intifada&oldid=1258430033</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Second_Intifada" title="Category:Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_in_Israel" title="Category:2000s in Israel">2000s in Israel</a></li><li><a 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Template:Cite_book"," 7.28% 192.926 15 Template:Sfn"," 3.89% 102.935 4 Template:Langx"," 3.60% 95.257 18 Template:Cite_journal"," 3.54% 93.696 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.640","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":21040026,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbbas2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAdas2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlan_MittlemanRobert_A._LichtJonathan_D._Sarna2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlan_Philps2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmos_Harel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmos_HarelAvi_Issacharoff2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAmos_HarelHaim_ShadmiDavid_RatnerYam_Yehoshua2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArajBrym2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssaf_Zohar2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAsser2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAudeh2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBBC2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-Ami2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen-Zur2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBen_Lynfield2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennet2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenny_Morris2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinyamin_Elon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrad_A._Greenberg2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBregman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrymAraj2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFByman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaroline_B._Glick2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCatignani2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCharles_W._GreenbaumPhilip_E._VeermanNaomi_Bacon-Shnoor2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCohen2013\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFConcepcion2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCypel2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_M.2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Pratt2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid_Samuels2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDellios2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDevin_Sper2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDon_Radlauer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDon_Radlauer2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDudkevitchO\u0026#039;Sullivan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEfraim_BenmelechClaude_Berrebi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElmer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnev2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErika_Waak2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFinkelstein2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrisch2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGelvin2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorge_J._Mitchell2001\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGil_Ronen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilead_Sher2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilmore2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlee\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldberg2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldenberg2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordis2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGozani2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGutman2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarel2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarelIssacharoff2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHershman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHershman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHila_Raz2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHillel_Frisch2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHussein_Dakroub2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson_Diehl2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamal_Jumá2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeremy_Pressman2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeremy_Pressman2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJuliana_Ochs2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJumá2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKalman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarmon2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatz2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhaled_Abu_Toameh2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKober2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaura_King2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee_Hockstader2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonie_Schultens2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevitt2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLuft2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacFarquhar2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMajor-General_(res)_Yaakov_Amidror2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarcus_Gee2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatt_Rees2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattaRojas2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMattar2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew_Kalman2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGreal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMearsheimerWalt2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenachem_Klein2003\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFMilanovic2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosab_Hassan_Yousef2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNPR2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Sullivan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;SullivanFriedson2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOphir_FalkHenry_Morgenstein2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_Martin2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPedatzur2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhil_Reeves\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilps2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPressman2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRabinovich2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamzy_BaroudKathleen_ChristisonBill_ChristisonJennifer_Loewenstein2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavid2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaymond2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReinhart2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRubinRubin2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuebner2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuth_Tenne2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchachter2010\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSchiff2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchiffEhud_Ya\u0026#039;ari1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmemann1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchulzHammer2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchweitzer2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSean_MaguireKhaled_Oweis2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSela-Shayovitz2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSever_Plocker2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharon2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShindler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilverin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnitz2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSontag2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFStanage2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSternthal2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTabarani2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTamar_Sternthal2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTavernise2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTim_Youngs,_International_Affairs_and_Defence_Section2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTucker2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWedemanRazKoppel2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYagna2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYousef2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYuval_Azoulay2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZanotti2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZeev_Chafetz2004\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Age in years, months, weeks and days\"] = 1,\n [\"Align\"] = 1,\n [\"Arab-Israeli conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Armed forces\"] = 5,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulletedlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Campaignbox Second Intifada\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 45,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 121,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 67,\n [\"Commons cat inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 2,\n [\"Flag\"] = 8,\n [\"Flagdeco\"] = 2,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 5,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox military conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli wars\"] = 1,\n [\"Israeli-Palestinian conflict\"] = 1,\n [\"KIA\"] = 4,\n [\"Lang\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 4,\n [\"Legend\"] = 4,\n [\"Main\"] = 4,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiref2\"] = 2,\n [\"POW\"] = 2,\n [\"Post-Cold War Asian conflicts\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-30-500\"] = 1,\n [\"ProQuest\"] = 1,\n [\"Quote\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 3,\n [\"Refend\"] = 3,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 15,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 4,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Timeline of Palestinian Intifadas\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulletedlist\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 14,\n [\"Who\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","240","13.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","12.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","220","12.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","8.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","5.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","100","5.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","80","4.4"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","4.4"],["select_one 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