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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">139 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1438 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1438 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۳۸ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۴۳۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="১৪৩৮ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৪৩৮" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_n%C3%AE" title="1438 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1438 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438." title="1438. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1438." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B8_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۴۳۸ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۴۳۸ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%E5%B9%B4" title="1438年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1438年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%EB%85%84" title="1438년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1438년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१४३८ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१४३८" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438." title="1438. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1438." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AA%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%AE" title="মারি ১৪৩৮ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৪৩৮" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1438-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1438-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1438 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1438 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1438 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1438 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_%D0%B8" title="1438 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1438 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438._gads" title="1438. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1438. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_m." title="1438 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1438 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१४३८ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१४३८" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="इ.स. १४३८ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १४३८" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B8" title="۱۴۳۸ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۴۳۸" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1438 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1438 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%84%E1%81%83%E1%81%88" title="၁၄၃၈ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၄၃၈" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="सन् १४३८ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १४३८" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%E5%B9%B4" title="1438年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1438年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AA%E0%AD%A9%E0%AD%AE" title="୧୪୩୮ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୪୩୮" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१४३८ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१४३८" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1438" title="Joohr 1438 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1438" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1438 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1438 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%AE" title="१४३८ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१४३८" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%D8%B9" title="1438ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1438ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A4%D9%A3%D9%A8" title="١٤٣٨ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٤٣٨" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1438 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1438 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1981" title="พ.ศ. 1981 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1981" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1438" title="Соли 1438 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1438" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%D8%A1" title="1438ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1438ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%E5%B9%B4" title="1438年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1438年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438%E5%B9%B4" title="1438年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1438年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1438" title="1438 – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1438" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" 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0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/1438" title="Special:EditPage/1438">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%221438%22">"1438"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%221438%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%221438%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%221438%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%221438%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%221438%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <table class="infobox" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a>: </th> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>: </th> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/15th_century" title="15th century">15th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1410s" title="1410s">1410s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1420s" title="1420s">1420s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1430s" title="1430s">1430s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1440s" title="1440s">1440s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1450s" title="1450s">1450s</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>: </th> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1435" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1435">1435</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1436" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1436">1436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1437" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1437">1437</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1438" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1438">1438</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1439" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1439">1439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1440" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1440">1440</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1441" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1441">1441</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1438" title="Category:1438">1438 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Arts and science</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1430s_in_architecture" title="1430s in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1438_in_art" class="mw-redirect" title="1438 in art">Art</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1438&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1438 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1438" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1438">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_15th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 15th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1438_births" title="Category:1438 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1438_deaths" title="Category:1438 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1438_establishments" title="Category:1438 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1438_disestablishments" title="Category:1438 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1438_in_poetry" class="mw-redirect" title="1438 in poetry">1438 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1438 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1438<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCDXXXVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2191</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>887<br />ԹՎ ՊՁԷ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6188</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1359–1360</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>845</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2388</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>16 <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Hen. 6</a> – 17 <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Hen. 6</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1982</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>800</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6946–6947</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">丁巳</a>年 (Fire <a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />4135 or 3928<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />戊午年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />4136 or 3929</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1154–1155</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2604</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1430–1431</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5198–5199</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1494–1495</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1359–1360</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4538–4539</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11438</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>438–439</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>816–817</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>841–842</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%8D" title="Eikyō">Eikyō</a> 10<br />(永享１０年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1353–1354</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1438<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCDXXXVIII</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3771</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>474 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前474年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−30</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1980–1981</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阴火蛇年<br />(female Fire-<a href="/wiki/Snake_(zodiac)" title="Snake (zodiac)">Snake</a>)<br />1564 or 1183 or 411<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阳土马年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>)<br />1565 or 1184 or 412</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Year <b>1438</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCDXXXVIII</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Wednesday" title="Common year starting on Wednesday">common year starting on Wednesday</a> (link will display the full calendar) of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January–December"><span id="January.E2.80.93December"></span>January–December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January–December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert II of Habsburg">Albert II of Habsburg</a> becomes King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – The city of <a href="/wiki/Cluj-Napoca" title="Cluj-Napoca">Cluj</a> (Kolozsvár) is conquered, thus marking the end of the <a href="/wiki/Transylvanian_peasant_revolt" title="Transylvanian peasant revolt">Transylvanian peasant revolt</a>, which started at Bobâlna.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Florence" title="Council of Florence">Council of Florence</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – The <i><a href="/wiki/Unio_Trium_Nationum" title="Unio Trium Nationum">Unio Trium Nationum</a></i> pact is established in Transylvania.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/All_Souls%27_College,_Oxford" class="mw-redirect" title="All Souls' College, Oxford">All Souls' College</a> is founded in the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chichele" title="Henry Chichele">Henry Chichele</a>, Archbishop of Canterbury, and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">Henry VI of England</a> as a graduate institution.<sup id="cite_ref-CBH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_II_of_Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert II of Habsburg">Albert II of Habsburg</a> becomes King of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">County of Holland</a> declares war on several cities of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>, triggering the <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Hanseatic_War" title="Dutch–Hanseatic War">Dutch–Hanseatic War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vaughan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaughan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII of France</a> issues the <i><a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_Bourges" title="Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges">Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges</a></i>, giving the French church control over the appointment of bishops, and depriving the <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> of French ecclesiastical revenues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a> becomes King of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Portugal" title="Kingdom of Portugal">Portugal</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_of_Pomerania" title="Eric of Pomerania">Eric of Pomerania</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Swedish_monarchs" title="List of Swedish monarchs">King of Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">Norway</a>, loses direct control of Sweden, as <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles VIII of Sweden">Karl Knutsson Bonde</a> is elected Regent of Sweden.</li> <li>The siege of <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> in Italy by the <a href="/wiki/Condottieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condottieri</a> troops of <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Piccinino" title="Niccolò Piccinino">Niccolò Piccinino</a>, begun on July 11, is raised after the arrival of <a href="/wiki/Scaramuccia_da_Forl%C3%AC" title="Scaramuccia da Forlì">Scaramuccia da Forlì</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date_unknown">Date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pachacuti" title="Pachacuti">Pachacuti</a> becomes ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Kingdom of Cusco</a> and begins its expansion into the <a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca Empire</a> (<i>Tahuantinsuyu</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>At 95 years of age, <a href="/wiki/Nang_Keo_Phimpha" title="Nang Keo Phimpha">Nang Keo Phimpha</a> becomes queen of <a href="/wiki/Lan_Xang" title="Lan Xang">Lan Xang</a> for a few months before being deposed and killed.</li> <li>Just two years after the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> court of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> allowed landowners paying the grain tax to pay their tax in <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> instead, the Ming court now decides to close all silver mines and prohibit all private silver mining in <a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> provinces. This is a concerted effort to halt the increase of silver circulating into the market. The <a href="/wiki/Illegal_mining" title="Illegal mining">illegal mining</a> of silver is now an offense punishable by death; although it becomes a dangerous affair, the high demand for silver also makes it very lucrative, and so many chose to defy the government and continue to mine.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sukhothai_Kingdom" title="Sukhothai Kingdom">Sukhothai Kingdom</a> merges with the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Bourbon_(1438%E2%80%931483)" title="Margaret of Bourbon (1438–1483)">Margaret of Bourbon</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Philip II, Duke of Savoy">Philip II, Duke of Savoy</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1497" title="1497">1497</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf,_Duke_of_Guelders" title="Adolf, Duke of Guelders">Adolf, Duke of Guelders</a> and Count of Zutphen (1465–1471) (d. <a href="/wiki/1477" title="1477">1477</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_II,_Marquess_of_Saluzzo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo">Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo</a>, Italian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1504" title="1504">1504</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_III_of_Egmont" title="John III of Egmont">John III of Egmont</a>, Dutch noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_II,_Landgrave_of_Lower_Hesse" title="Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse">Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse</a> (1458–1471) (d. <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_II,_Duke_of_Bourbon" title="Peter II, Duke of Bourbon">Peter II, Duke of Bourbon</a>, son of Charles I (d. <a href="/wiki/1503" title="1503">1503</a>)</li> <li><i>date unknown</i> – <a href="/wiki/Husayn_Bayqarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Husayn Bayqarah">Husayn Bayqarah</a>, Timurid ruler of Herat (d. <a href="/wiki/1506" title="1506">1506</a>)</li> <li><i>probable</i> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_4th_Duke_of_Somerset" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset">Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset</a>, English nobleman and military commander during the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses" title="Wars of the Roses">Wars of the Roses</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1471" title="1471">1471</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Humphrey_FitzAlan,_15th_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel">Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1429" title="1429">1429</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward,_King_of_Portugal" title="Edward, King of Portugal">Edward, King of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1391" title="1391">1391</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_of_Gloucester" title="Anne of Gloucester">Anne of Gloucester</a>, English noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1383" title="1383">1383</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacopo_della_Quercia" title="Jacopo della Quercia">Jacopo della Quercia</a>, Sienese sculptor (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1374" title="1374">1374</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1438&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CBH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CBH_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). <i>The Chronology of British History</i>. London: Century Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-5616-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-5616-0"><bdi>978-0-7126-5616-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chronology+of+British+History&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Century+Ltd&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Veronica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1438" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vaughan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vaughan_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan2004" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan, Richard (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H7VFJAK8LSUC"><i>Philip the Good</i></a> (reprinted new ed.). Boydell Press. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-917-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-917-1"><bdi>978-0-85115-917-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Philip+the+Good&rft.pages=92&rft.edition=reprinted+new&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-917-1&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH7VFJAK8LSUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1438" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulian_Haynes_Steward1947" class="citation book cs1">Julian Haynes Steward (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-gVnAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA205"><i>Handbook of South American Indians: The Andean civilizations</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 205.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+South+American+Indians%3A+The+Andean+civilizations&rft.pages=205&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1947&rft.au=Julian+Haynes+Steward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-gVnAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1438" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrevor_Royle2009" class="citation book cs1">Trevor Royle (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hPMNAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Road to Bosworth Field: A New History of the Wars of the Roses</i></a>. Little, Brown. p. 454. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-72767-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-72767-9"><bdi>978-0-316-72767-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Bosworth+Field%3A+A+New+History+of+the+Wars+of+the+Roses&rft.pages=454&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-316-72767-9&rft.au=Trevor+Royle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhPMNAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1438" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1438&oldid=1211586715">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1438&oldid=1211586715</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1438" title="Category:1438">1438</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_March_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from March 2011">Use mdy dates from March 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_April_2019" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from April 2019">Articles needing additional references from April 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 March 2024, at 09:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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