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Solís</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rocío P. Solís"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rocío P. Solís"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Rocío P. 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Solís"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 42</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rocío P. Solís</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">42</span> The Learning Experience of Two Students with Visual Impairments in the EFL Courses: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=May%20Ling%20Gonz%C3%A1lez-Ruiz">May Ling González-Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Cristina%20Sol%C3%ADs-Sol%C3%ADs"> Ana Cristina Solís-Solís</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Everyday more people can thrive towards the dream of pursuing a university diploma. This can be more attainable for some than for others who may face different types of limitations. Even though not all limitations come from within the individual but most of the times they come from without it may include the environment, the support of the person’s family, the school – its infrastructure, administrative procedures, and attitudes. This is a qualitative type of research that is developed through a case study. It is based on the experiences of two students who are visually impaired and who have attended a public university in Costa Rica. We enquire about the experiences of these two students in the English as a Foreign Language courses at the university scenario. An in-depth analysis of their lived experiences is presented. Their values, attitudes, and expectations serve as the guiding elements for this research. Findings are presented in light of the Social Justice Approach to inclusive education. Some of the most salient aspects found have to do with the attitudes the students used to face challenges; others point at those elements that may have hindered the learning experience of the persons observed and to those that encouraged them to continue their journey and successfully achieve a diploma. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusion" title="inclusion">inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visually%20impaired%20student" title=" visually impaired student"> visually impaired student</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20experience" title=" learning experience"> learning experience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20justice%20approach" title=" social justice approach"> social justice approach</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144198/the-learning-experience-of-two-students-with-visual-impairments-in-the-efl-courses-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">41</span> Sentiment Analysis on University Students’ Evaluation of Teaching and Their Emotional Engagement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Santana-Monagas">Elisa Santana-Monagas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20L.%20N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez"> Juan L. Núñez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Le%C3%B3n"> Jaime León</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Falc%C3%B3n"> Samuel Falcón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celia%20Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Celia Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20P.%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Rocío P. Solís</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Teaching practices have been widely studied in relation to students' outcomes, positioning themselves as one of their strongest catalysts and influencing students' emotional experiences. In the higher education context, teachers become even more crucial as many students ground their decisions on which courses to enroll in based on opinions and ratings of teachers from other students. Unfortunately, sometimes universities do not provide the personal, social, and academic stimulation students demand to be actively engaged. To evaluate their teachers, universities often rely on students' evaluations of teaching (SET) collected via Likert scale surveys. Despite its usefulness, such a method has been questioned in terms of validity and reliability. Alternatively, researchers can rely on qualitative answers to open-ended questions. However, the unstructured nature of the answers and a large amount of information obtained requires an overwhelming amount of work. The present work presents an alternative approach to analyse such data: sentiment analysis. To the best of our knowledge, no research before has included results from SA into an explanatory model to test how students' sentiments affect their emotional engagement in class. The sample of the present study included a total of 225 university students (Mean age = 26.16, SD = 7.4, 78.7 % women) from the Educational Sciences faculty of a public university in Spain. Data collection took place during the academic year 2021-2022. Students accessed an online questionnaire using a QR code. They were asked to answer the following open-ended question: "If you had to explain to a peer who doesn't know your teacher how he or she communicates in class, what would you tell them?". Sentiment analysis was performed using Microsoft's pre-trained model. The reliability of the measure was estimated between the tool and one of the researchers who coded all answers independently. The Cohen's kappa and the average pairwise percent agreement were estimated with ReCal2. Cohen's kappa was .68, and the agreement reached was 90.8%, both considered satisfactory. To test the hypothesis relations among SA and students' emotional engagement, a structural equation model (SEM) was estimated. Results demonstrated a good fit of the data: RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .03, TLI = .99, CFI = .99. Specifically, the results showed that student’s sentiment regarding their teachers’ teaching positively predicted their emotional engagement (β == .16 [.02, -.30]). In other words, when students' opinion toward their instructors' teaching practices is positive, it is more likely for students to engage emotionally in the subject. Altogether, the results show a promising future for sentiment analysis techniques in the field of education. They suggest the usefulness of this tool when evaluating relations among teaching practices and student outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title="sentiment analysis">sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%27%20evaluation%20of%20teaching" title=" students' evaluation of teaching"> students' evaluation of teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural-equation%20modelling" title=" structural-equation modelling"> structural-equation modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20engagement" title=" emotional engagement"> emotional engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156496/sentiment-analysis-on-university-students-evaluation-of-teaching-and-their-emotional-engagement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">40</span> Boredom in the Classroom: Sentiment Analysis on Teaching Practices and Related Outcomes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Santana-Monagas">Elisa Santana-Monagas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20L.%20N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez"> Juan L. Núñez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaime%20Le%C3%B3n"> Jaime León</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Falc%C3%B3n"> Samuel Falcón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celia%20Fern%C3%A1ndez"> Celia Fernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20P.%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Rocío P. Solís</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Students’ emotional experiences have been a widely discussed theme among researchers, proving a central role on students’ outcomes. Yet, up to now, far too little attention has been paid to teaching practices that negatively relate with students’ negative emotions in the higher education. The present work aims to examine the relationship between teachers’ teaching practices (i.e., students’ evaluations of teaching and autonomy support), the students’ feelings of boredom and agentic engagement and motivation in the higher education context. To do so, the present study incorporates one of the most popular tools in natural processing language to address students’ evaluations of teaching: sentiment analysis. Whereas most research has focused on the creation of SA models and assessing students’ satisfaction regarding teachers and courses to the author’s best knowledge, no research before has included results from SA into an explanatory model. A total of 225 university students (Mean age = 26.16, SD = 7.4, 78.7 % women) participated in the study. Students were enrolled in degree and masters’ studies at the faculty of Education of a public university of Spain. Data was collected using an online questionnaire students could access through a QR code they completed during a teaching period where the assessed teacher was not present. To assess students’ sentiments towards their teachers’ teaching, we asked them the following open-ended question: “If you had to explain a peer who doesn't know your teacher how he or she communicates in class, what would you tell them?”. Sentiment analysis was performed with Microsoft's pre-trained model. For this study, we relied on the probability of the students answer belonging to the negative category. To assess the reliability of the measure, inter-rater agreement between this NLP tool and one of the researchers, who independently coded all answers, was examined. The average pairwise percent agreement and the Cohen’s kappa were calculated with ReCal2. The agreement reached was of 90.8% and Cohen’s kappa .68, both considered satisfactory. To test the hypothesis relations a structural equation model (SEM) was estimated. Results showed that the model fit indices displayed a good fit to the data; χ² (134) = 351.129, p < .001, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .09, TLI = .91, CFI = .92. Specifically, results show that boredom was negatively predicted by autonomy support practices (β = -.47[-.61, -.33]), whereas for the negative sentiment extracted from SET, this relation was positive (β = .23[.16, .30]). In other words, when students’ opinion towards their instructors’ teaching practices was negative, it was more likely for them to feel bored. Regarding the relations among boredom and student outcomes, results showed a negative predictive value of boredom on students’ motivation to study (β = -.46[-.63, -.29]) and agentic engagement (β = -.24[-.33, -.15]). Altogether, results show a promising future for sentiment analysis techniques in the field of education as they proved the usefulness of this tool when evaluating relations among teaching practices and student outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20analysis" title="sentiment analysis">sentiment analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boredom" title=" boredom"> boredom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agentic%20engagement" title=" agentic engagement"> agentic engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154811/boredom-in-the-classroom-sentiment-analysis-on-teaching-practices-and-related-outcomes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">39</span> Predictive Maintenance Based on Oil Analysis Applicable to Transportation Fleets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20Ibarra%20Solis">Israel Ibarra Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Carlos%20Rodriguez%20Sierra"> Juan Carlos Rodriguez Sierra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma.%20del%20Carmen%20Salazar%20Hernandez"> Ma. del Carmen Salazar Hernandez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isis%20Rodriguez%20Sanchez"> Isis Rodriguez Sanchez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Perez%20Guerrero"> David Perez Guerrero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At the present paper we try to explain the analysis techniques use for the lubricating oil in a maintenance period of a city bus (Mercedes Benz Boxer 40), which is call ‘R-24 route’, line Coecillo Centro SA de CV in Leon Guanajuato, to estimate the optimal time for the oil change. Using devices such as the rotational viscometer and the atomic absorption spectrometer, they can detect the incipient form when the oil loses its lubricating properties and, therefore, cannot protect the mechanical components of diesel engines such these trucks. Timely detection of lost property in the oil, it allows us taking preventive plan maintenance for the fleet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atomic%20absorption%20spectrometry" title="atomic absorption spectrometry">atomic absorption spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maintenance" title=" maintenance"> maintenance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20velocity%20rate" title=" predictive velocity rate"> predictive velocity rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lubricating%20oils" title=" lubricating oils"> lubricating oils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35777/predictive-maintenance-based-on-oil-analysis-applicable-to-transportation-fleets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35777.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">38</span> Discrete Sliding Modes Regulator with Exponential Holder for Non-Linear Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Obregon-Pulido">G. Obregon-Pulido </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20C.%20Solis-Perales"> G. C. Solis-Perales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Meda-Campa%C3%B1a"> J. A. Meda-Campaña</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a sliding mode controller in discrete time. The design of the controller is based on the theory of regulation for nonlinear systems. In the problem of disturbance rejection and/or output tracking, it is known that in discrete time, a controller that uses the zero-order holder only guarantees tracking at the sampling instances but not between instances. It is shown that using the so-called exponential holder, it is possible to guarantee asymptotic zero output tracking error, also between the sampling instant. For stabilizing the problem of close loop system we introduce the sliding mode approach relaxing the requirements of the existence of a linear stabilizing control law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20theory" title="regulation theory">regulation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sliding%20modes" title=" sliding modes"> sliding modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20controller" title=" discrete controller"> discrete controller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ripple-free%20tracking" title=" ripple-free tracking"> ripple-free tracking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178771/discrete-sliding-modes-regulator-with-exponential-holder-for-non-linear-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">37</span> GynApp: A Mobile Application for the Organization and Control of Gynecological Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Betzabet%20Garc%C3%ADa-Mendoza">Betzabet García-Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20Abascal-Mena"> Rocío Abascal-Mena</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Breast and cervical cancer are among the leading causes of death of women in Mexico. The mortality rate for these diseases is alarming, even though there have been many campaigns for making people self-aware of the importance of conducting gynecological studies for a timely prevention and detection, these have not been enough. This paper presents a mobile application for organizing and controlling gynecological studies in order to help and boost women to take care of their bodies and health. The process of analyzing and designing the mobile application is presented, along with all the steps carried out by following a user-centered design methodology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer" title="breast cancer">breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cervical%20cancer" title=" cervical cancer"> cervical cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20mobile%20application" title=" gynecological mobile application"> gynecological mobile application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper%20prototyping" title=" paper prototyping"> paper prototyping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storyboard" title=" storyboard"> storyboard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women%20health" title=" women health"> women health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78752/gynapp-a-mobile-application-for-the-organization-and-control-of-gynecological-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">36</span> Thin-Layer Drying Characteristics and Modelling of Instant Coffee Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Apolinar%20Picado">Apolinar Picado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronald%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Ronald Solís</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Gamero"> Rafael Gamero</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thin-layer drying characteristics of instant coffee solution were investigated in a laboratory tunnel dryer. Drying experiments were carried out at three temperatures (80, 100 and 120 °C) and an air velocity of 1.2 m/s. Drying experimental data obtained are fitted to six (6) thin-layer drying models using the non-linear least squares regression analysis. The acceptability of the thin-layer drying model has been based on a value of the correlation coefficient that should be close to one, and low values for root mean square error (RMSE) and chi-square (x²). According to this evaluation, the most suitable model for describing drying process of thin-layer instant coffee solution is the Page model. Further, the effective moisture diffusivity and the activation energy were computed employing the drying experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity values varied from 1.6133 × 10⁻⁹ to 1.6224 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s over the temperature range studied and the activation energy was estimated to be 162.62 J/mol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activation%20energy" title="activation energy">activation energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusivity" title=" diffusivity"> diffusivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=instant%20coffee" title=" instant coffee"> instant coffee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-layer%20models" title=" thin-layer models"> thin-layer models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728/thin-layer-drying-characteristics-and-modelling-of-instant-coffee-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">35</span> WSN System Warns Atta Cephalotes Climbing in Mango Fruit Trees</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Federico%20Hahn%20Schlam">Federico Hahn Schlam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferm%C3%ADn%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20Sol%C3%ADs"> Fermín Martínez Solís</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Leaf-cutting ants (Atta cephalotes) forage from mango tree leaves and flowers to feed their colony. Farmers find it difficult to control ants due to the great quantity of trees grown in commercial orchards. In this article, IoT can support farmers for ant detection in real time, as production losses can be considered of 324 US per tree.A wireless sensor network, WSN, was developed to warn the farmer from ant presence in trees during a night. Mango trees were gathered into groups of 9 trees, where the central tree holds the master microcontroller, and the other eight trees presented slave microcontrollers (nodes). At each node, anemitter diode-photodiode unitdetects ants climbing up. A capacitor is chargedand discharged after being sampled every ten minutes. The system usesBLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) to communicate between the master microcontroller by BLE.When ants were detected the number of the tree was transmitted via LoRa from the masterto the producer smartphone to warn him. In this paper, BLE, LoRa, and energy consumption were studied under variable vegetation in the orchard. During 2018, 19 trees were attacked by ants, and ants fed 26.3% of flowers and 73.7% of leaves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BLE" title="BLE">BLE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atta%20cephalotes" title=" atta cephalotes"> atta cephalotes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LoRa" title=" LoRa"> LoRa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN-smartphone" title=" WSN-smartphone"> WSN-smartphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148229/wsn-system-warns-atta-cephalotes-climbing-in-mango-fruit-trees" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">34</span> Gender Mainstreaming in Public Universities in Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlos%20David%20Carrillo%20Trujillo">Carlos David Carrillo Trujillo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebel%C3%ADn%20Echeverr%C3%ADa%20Echeverr%C3%ADa"> Rebelín Echeverría Echeverría</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Evia%20Alamilla"> Nancy Evia Alamilla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20Quintal%20L%C3%B3pez"> Rocío Quintal López</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gender as a social construct is a term now widely studied. Within the social sciences it has become very important. In this sense, psychology tries to make some contributions from your area. The intention is to promote equal opportunities for men and women. Social, employment and educational inequities perpetuate sexism, violence and other important social problems in Mexico. The gender perspective is conceptualized as a tool to promote laws, policies, plans, programs and procedures where women are made visible and empowered. The aim of this is the pursuit of equality. Thus, gender mainstreaming is one of the main challenges of education in Mexico. Only a few universities have programs, research or subjects related to the topic. Human resources, and time allocated to teachers are identified as obstacles to the institutionalization of gender. The objective was to make a diagnosis on course offerings and policies on gender. A documentary study and interviews with managers of at least 20 higher education institutions (IES's) were performed. The results indicate the need for greater gender courses, research projects and intervention. The need to promote policies that seek equal opportunities between men and women is also noted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20mainstreaming" title="gender mainstreaming">gender mainstreaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutionalization" title=" institutionalization"> institutionalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=universities" title=" universities"> universities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44938/gender-mainstreaming-in-public-universities-in-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">33</span> Efficient Mercury Sorbent: Activated Carbon and Metal Organic Framework Hybrid</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongseok%20Hong">Yongseok Hong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kurt%20Louis%20Solis"> Kurt Louis Solis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, a hybrid sorbent using the metal organic framework (MOF), UiO-66, and powdered activated carbon (pAC) is synthesized to remove cationic and anionic metals simultaneously. UiO-66 is an octahedron-shaped MOF with a Zr₆O₄(OH)₄ metal node and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) organic linker. Zr-based MOFs are attractive for trace element remediation in wastewaters, because Zr is relatively non-toxic as compared to other classes of MOF and, therefore, it will not cause secondary pollution. Most remediation studies with UiO-66 target anions such as fluoride, but trace element oxyanions such as arsenic, selenium, and antimony have also been investigated. There have also been studies involving mercury removal by UiO-66 derivatives, however these require post-synthetic modifications or have lower effective surface areas. Activated carbon is known for being a readily available, well-studied, effective adsorbent for metal contaminants. Solvothermal method was employed to prepare hybrid sorbent from UiO66 and activated carbon, which could be used to remove mercury and selenium simultaneously. The hybrid sorbent was characterized using FSEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. The results showed that UiO66 and activated carbon are successfully composited. From BET studies, the hybrid sorbent has a SBET of 1051 m² g⁻¹. Adsorption studies were performed, where the hybrid showed maximum adsorption of 204.63 mg g⁻¹ and 168 mg g⁻¹ for Hg (II) and selenite, respectively, and follows the Langmuir model for both species. Kinetics studies have revealed that the Hg uptake of the hybrid is pseudo-2nd order and has rate constant of 5.6E-05 g mg⁻¹ min⁻¹ and the selenite uptake follows the simplified Elovich model with α = 2.99 mg g⁻¹ min⁻¹, β = 0.032 g mg⁻¹. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flue%20gas%20wastewater" title=" flue gas wastewater"> flue gas wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selenite" title=" selenite"> selenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20organic%20framework" title=" metal organic framework"> metal organic framework</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79574/efficient-mercury-sorbent-activated-carbon-and-metal-organic-framework-hybrid" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79574.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">32</span> A Comparative Study of Natural Language Processing Models for Detecting Obfuscated Text</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rub%C3%A9n%20Valcarce-%C3%81lvarez">Rubén Valcarce-Álvarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20J%C3%A1%C3%B1ez-Martino"> Francisco Jáñez-Martino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20Alaiz-Rodr%C3%ADguez"> Rocío Alaiz-Rodríguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cybersecurity challenges, including scams, drug sales, the distribution of child sexual abuse material, fake news, and hate speech on both the surface and deep web, have significantly increased over the past decade. Users who post such content often employ strategies to evade detection by automated filters. Among these tactics, text obfuscation plays an essential role in deceiving detection systems. This approach involves modifying words to make them more difficult for automated systems to interpret while remaining sufficiently readable for human users. In this work, we aim at spotting obfuscated words and the employed techniques, such as leetspeak, word inversion, punctuation changes, and mixed techniques. We benchmark Named Entity Recognition (NER) using models from the BERT family as well as two large language models (LLMs), Llama and Mistral, on XX_NER_WordCamouflage dataset. Our experiments evaluate these models by comparing their precision, recall, F1 scores, and accuracy, both overall and for each individual class. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20language%20processing%20%28NLP%29" title="natural language processing (NLP)">natural language processing (NLP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20obfuscation" title=" text obfuscation"> text obfuscation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=named%20entity%20recognition%20%28NER%29" title=" named entity recognition (NER)"> named entity recognition (NER)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195578/a-comparative-study-of-natural-language-processing-models-for-detecting-obfuscated-text" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/195578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">15</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">31</span> Optimization by Means of Genetic Algorithm of the Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model of Different Order for Li-ion Battery Pack </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Pizarro-Carmona">V. Pizarro-Carmona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Castano-Solis"> S. Castano-Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Cort%C3%A9s-Carmona"> M. Cortés-Carmona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Fraile-Ardanuy"> J. Fraile-Ardanuy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Jimenez-Bermejo"> D. Jimenez-Bermejo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this article is to optimize the Equivalent Electric Circuit Model (EECM) of different orders to obtain greater precision in the modeling of Li-ion battery packs. Optimization includes considering circuits based on 1RC, 2RC and 3RC networks, with a dependent voltage source and a series resistor. The parameters are obtained experimentally using tests in the time domain and in the frequency domain. Due to the high non-linearity of the behavior of the battery pack, Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to solve and optimize the parameters of each EECM considered (1RC, 2RC and 3RC). The objective of the estimation is to minimize the mean square error between the measured impedance in the real battery pack and those generated by the simulation of different proposed circuit models. The results have been verified by comparing the Nyquist graphs of the estimation of the complex impedance of the pack. As a result of the optimization, the 2RC and 3RC circuit alternatives are considered as viable to represent the battery behavior. These battery pack models are experimentally validated using a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation platform that reproduces the well-known New York City cycle (NYCC) and Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycles for electric vehicles. The results show that using GA optimization allows obtaining EECs with 2RC or 3RC networks, with high precision to represent the dynamic behavior of a battery pack in vehicular applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-ion%20battery%20packs%20modeling%20optimized" title="Li-ion battery packs modeling optimized">Li-ion battery packs modeling optimized</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EECM" title=" EECM"> EECM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GA" title=" GA"> GA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electric%20vehicle%20applications" title=" electric vehicle applications"> electric vehicle applications</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124223/optimization-by-means-of-genetic-algorithm-of-the-equivalent-electrical-circuit-model-of-different-order-for-li-ion-battery-pack" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">30</span> Sociocultural Barriers to the Development of Autonomous Foreign Language Learning: Some Teaching Strategies to Overcome Such Challenges in a Mexican Context</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zaideth%20Zobeida%20Ponce%20Alonso">Zaideth Zobeida Ponce Alonso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Emilia%20Fierro%20Lopez"> Laura Emilia Fierro Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20del%20Rocio%20Dominguez%20Gaona"> Maria del Rocio Dominguez Gaona</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is part of the Master in Modern Languages at the Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, and it aims to analyze how the sociocultural background might influence the development of learner autonomy in foreign language education in order to propose some strategies to overcome such challenges. Given the lack of research on the sociocultural barriers in learner autonomy in a Mexican context and the need to hear teachers’ voices about this issue, qualitative data was obtained from semi-structured interviews with six language teachers on their perspectives on learner autonomy, its application to the language classroom, and their experiences with Mexican and foreign learners/contexts in order to find out differences regarding learner autonomy. The results suggest three main sociocultural characteristics: preference for an authority figure, tendency towards collectivism, and low tolerance of ambiguity. Finally, nine strategies were proposed in order to help language teachers to deal with such sociocultural characteristics when fostering learner autonomy in the border city of Mexicali, where this study was carried out. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learner%20autonomy" title="learner autonomy">learner autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexican%20context" title=" Mexican context"> Mexican context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sociocultural%20influence" title=" sociocultural influence"> sociocultural influence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers%27%20perspectives" title=" teachers' perspectives"> teachers' perspectives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20strategies" title=" teaching strategies"> teaching strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128292/sociocultural-barriers-to-the-development-of-autonomous-foreign-language-learning-some-teaching-strategies-to-overcome-such-challenges-in-a-mexican-context" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">29</span> Development of Vertically Oriented Sb2S3 Films by Close Spaced Sublimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adan%20H.%20Hidalgo">Adan H. Hidalgo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esmeralda%20S.%20Perez"> Esmeralda S. Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rubi%20G.%20Sotelo-Marquina"> Rubi G. Sotelo-Marquina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20G.%20Avilez-Garcia"> Rocio G. Avilez-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itzayana%20S.%20Suarez"> Itzayana S. Suarez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viridiana%20M.%20Gallardo"> Viridiana M. Gallardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roger%20C.%20Palomera"> Roger C. Palomera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nini%20R.%20Mathews"> Nini R. Mathews</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Mathew"> X. Mathew</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work explores the Sb2S3 thin-film deposition conditions by close spaced sublimation (CSS). Among the various film deposition techniques available for this material, in general, the CSS has the advantages such as fast deposition, large grains, and lower defect density in films. Different batches of films were deposited with substrate temperature in range 250 to 400 oC and the structural, morphological, optical, spectroscopic and opto-electronic properties were analyzed. In the studied temperature range, the films were pure without any oxide phases. The stoichiometry was close to ideal value for the film deposited at 350 oC. The films showed strong preference for the crystallographic planes with miller index terminating in “1” (hk1), which implies that the grain growth is either perpendicular or inclined to the substrate. This was supported by the SEM cross-section images showing long vertical or inclined ribbons. The photoluminescence showed a dependance on deposition temperature. However, contrary to the expectation it was observed that the photosensitivity has an inverse dependance on the deposition temperature. There is no reason to believe that it is due to the film degradation, but possibly due to the defects or barriers at the interface between the film and the current collecting electrodes, which needs further research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photosensitivity" title="photosensitivity">photosensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sb2S3" title=" Sb2S3"> Sb2S3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=close%20spaced%20sublimation" title=" close spaced sublimation"> close spaced sublimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20grain%20growth" title=" vertical grain growth"> vertical grain growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197766/development-of-vertically-oriented-sb2s3-films-by-close-spaced-sublimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/197766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">12</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">28</span> Migration Law in Republic of Panama</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronel%20Solis">Ronel Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Collado"> Leonardo Collado</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migration law in the Republic of Panama has been regulated mainly by the executive branch. This has created a crisis not only institutional but also social because the evolution of these norms has rested greatly from the discretion of the government in office. This has created instability in immigration regulation and more now, with the migration crisis of which Panama is also part. Different migration policies have been established. The most recent is that of the controlled migration flow, in which, for humanitarian reasons, migrants move from the border with Colombia to the border with Costa Rica. Unfortunately, such control is not enough, and in some cases, unprotected migrants have been confined for months, their passports have been withheld, and no recognition of their rights is offered. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has condemned Panama for the unfair detention of an irregular migrant, who was detained for two years in Panamanian prisons, without having committed a crime and without accessing a just defense. This is the case Vélez Loor vs. the Republic of Panama. Uncontrollable migration has been putting pressure on Panamanian public health services. The recent denunciation of HIV-related NGOs that warns that there are hundreds of foreigners who receive expensive antiretroviral therapy in Panama is serious, and several of them are irregular migrants. On the other hand, there are no border control posts with the Republic of Colombia, because it is a jungle area and migrants are exposed to arms and drug trafficking, and unfortunately, also to prostitution. Government entities such as the border police service have provided humanitarian support to migrants on the border with Colombia, although it is not their administrative function, and various entities discuss who should address this crisis. However, few economic resources are allocated by the government to solve this problem, especially with the recent mass migration of Venezuelans who have fled their country. The establishment of a migratory normative code is necessary to establish uniformity in the recognition and application of migratory rights. In this way, dependence on the changing migration policies of the different Panamanian governments would be eliminated, and the rights of migrants and nationals would be guaranteed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20branch" title="executive branch">executive branch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irregular%20migration" title=" irregular migration"> irregular migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20code" title=" migration code"> migration code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Republic%20of%20Panama" title=" Republic of Panama"> Republic of Panama</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114445/migration-law-in-republic-of-panama" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114445.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">27</span> Intellectual Property Rights on Plant Materials in Colombia: Legal Harmonization for Food Sovereignty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Medina%20Mu%C3%B1oz%20Lina%20Rocio">Medina Muñoz Lina Rocio</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to examine the debates related to the harmonization of intellectual property rights on plant material, the corporate governance of the seed market in Colombia and the political economy of seeds defended by indigenous communities. In recent years, the commodification of seeds through genetic engineering and political intellectual property, codified as a result of the implementation of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, has come into conflict with the traditional production of seeds carried out by small farmers and indigenous populations. Agricultural and food practices. In order to understand the ontological dimension of conflicts over seeds, it is necessary to analyze the conceptions that indigenous communities have about good, which they consider a common element of their social organization and define them as sentient beings. Therefore, through a multiple approach, in which the intellectual property policy, the ecological aspects of seed production and the political ontology of indigenous communities are interwoven, I intend to present the discussions held by the actors involved and present the strategies of small producers to protect their interests. It demonstrates that communities have begun to organize social movements to protect such interests and have questioned the philosophy of GM corporate agriculture as a pro-life movement. Finally, it is argued that the conservation of 'traditional' seeds of the communities is an effective strategy to support their struggles for territory, identity, food sovereignty and self-determination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property%20rights" title="intellectual property rights">intellectual property rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intellectual%20property" title=" intellectual property"> intellectual property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional%20knowledge" title=" traditional knowledge"> traditional knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20safety" title=" food safety"> food safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169670/intellectual-property-rights-on-plant-materials-in-colombia-legal-harmonization-for-food-sovereignty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> Project Marayum: Creating a Community Built Mobile Phone Based, Online Web Dictionary for Endangered Philippine Languages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samantha%20Jade%20Sadural">Samantha Jade Sadural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kathleen%20Gay%20Figueroa"> Kathleen Gay Figueroa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noel%20Nicanor%20Sison%20II"> Noel Nicanor Sison II</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20Miguel%20Quilab"> Francis Miguel Quilab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Edric%20Solis"> Samuel Edric Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiel%20Gonzales"> Kiel Gonzales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alain%20Andrew%20Boquiren"> Alain Andrew Boquiren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janelle%20Tan"> Janelle Tan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20Carreon"> Mario Carreon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Of the 185 languages in the Philippines, 28 are endangered, 11 are dying off, and 4 are extinct. Language documentation, as a prerequisite to language education, can be one of the ways languages can be preserved. Project Marayum is envisioned to be a collaboratively built, mobile phone-based, online dictionary platform for Philippine languages. Although there are many online language dictionaries available on the Internet, Project Marayum aims to give a sense of ownership to the language community's dictionary as it is built and maintained by the community for the community. From a seed dictionary, members of a language community can suggest changes, add new entries, and provide language examples. Going beyond word definitions, the platform can be used to gather sample sentences and even audio samples of word usage. These changes are reviewed by language experts of the community, sourced from the local state universities or local government units. Approved changes are then added to the dictionary and can be viewed instantly through the Marayum website. A companion mobile phone application allows users to browse the dictionary in remote areas where Internet connectivity is nonexistent. The dictionary will automatically be updated once the user regains Internet access. Project Marayum is still a work in progress. At the time of this abstract's writing, the Project has just entered its second year. Prototypes are currently being tested with the Asi language of Romblon island as its initial language testbed. In October 2020, Project Marayum will have both a webpage and mobile application with Asi, Ilocano, and Cebuano language dictionaries available for use online or for download. In addition, the Marayum platform would be then easily expandable for use of the more endangered language communities. Project Marayum is funded by the Philippines Department of Science and Technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaborative%20language%20dictionary" title="collaborative language dictionary">collaborative language dictionary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-centered%20lexicography" title=" community-centered lexicography"> community-centered lexicography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20management%20system" title=" content management system"> content management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115655/project-marayum-creating-a-community-built-mobile-phone-based-online-web-dictionary-for-endangered-philippine-languages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Use of a Chagas Urine Nanoparticle Test (Chunap) to Correlate with Parasitemia Levels in T. cruzi/HIV Co-Infected Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yagahira%20E.%20Castro-Sesquen">Yagahira E. Castro-Sesquen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20H.%20Gilman"> Robert H. Gilman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carolina%20Mejia"> Carolina Mejia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20E.%20Clark"> Daniel E. Clark</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Choi"> Jeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20J.%20Reimer-Mcatee"> Melissa J. Reimer-Mcatee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Castro"> Rocio Castro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jorge%20Flores"> Jorge Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Valencia-Ayala"> Edward Valencia-Ayala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faustino%20Torrico"> Faustino Torrico</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Castillo-Neyra"> Ricardo Castillo-Neyra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lance%20Liotta"> Lance Liotta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caryn%20Bern"> Caryn Bern</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandra%20Luchini"> Alessandra Luchini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Early diagnosis of reactivation of Chagas disease in HIV patients could be lifesaving; however, in Latin American the diagnosis is performed by detection of parasitemia by microscopy which lacks sensitivity. To evaluate if levels of T. cruzi antigens in urine determined by Chunap (Chagas urine nanoparticle test) are correlated with parasitemia levels in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. T. cruzi antigens in urine of HIV patients (N=55: 31 T. cruzi infected and 24 T. cruzi serology negative) were concentrated using hydrogel particles and quantified by Western Blot and a calibration curve. The percentage of Chagas positive patients determined by Chunap compared to blood microscopy, qPCR, and ELISA was 100% (6/6), 95% (18/19) and 74% (23/31), respectively. Chunap specificity was 91.7%. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a direct relationship between parasitemia levels (determined by qPCR) and urine T. cruzi antigen concentrations (p<0.001). A cut-off of > 105 pg was chosen to determine patients with reactivation of Chagas disease (6/6). Urine antigen concentration was significantly higher among patients with CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 200/mL (p=0.045). Chunap shows potential for early detection of reactivation and with appropriate adaptation can be used for monitoring Chagas disease status in T. cruzi/HIV co-infected patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antigenuria" title="antigenuria">antigenuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chagas%20disease" title=" Chagas disease"> Chagas disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunap" title=" Chunap"> Chunap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasitemia" title=" parasitemia"> parasitemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%20N-isopropylacrylamide%20%28NIPAm%29%2Ftrypan%20blue%20particles%20%28polyNIPAm%2FTB%29" title=" poly N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)/trypan blue particles (polyNIPAm/TB)"> poly N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm)/trypan blue particles (polyNIPAm/TB)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reactivation%20of%20Chagas%20disease." title=" reactivation of Chagas disease."> reactivation of Chagas disease.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40718/use-of-a-chagas-urine-nanoparticle-test-chunap-to-correlate-with-parasitemia-levels-in-t-cruzihiv-co-infected-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40718.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">382</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Neuroprotective Effects of Gly-Pro-Glu-Thr-Ala-Phe-Leu-Arg, a Peptide Isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. Protein Hydrolysate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Del%20Carmen%20Millan-Linares">Maria Del Carmen Millan-Linares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Lemus%20Conejo"> Ana Lemus Conejo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Toscano"> Rocio Toscano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alvaro%20Villanueva"> Alvaro Villanueva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Millan"> Francisco Millan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justo%20Pedroche"> Justo Pedroche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Montserrat-De%20La%20Paz"> Sergio Montserrat-De La Paz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> GPETAFLR (Glycine-Proline-Glutamine-Threonine-Alanine-Phenylalanine-Leucine-Arginine) is a peptide isolated from Lupinus angustifolius L. protein hydrolysate (LPH). Herein, the effect of this peptide was investigated in two different models of neuroinflammation: in the immortalized murine microglia cell line BV-2 and in a high-fat-diet-induced obesity mouse model. Methods and Results: Effects of GPETAFLR on neuroinflammation were evaluated by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, and ELISA techniques. In BV-2 microglial cells, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) enhanced the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) whereas GPETAFLR decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and increased the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in BV2 microglial cells. M1 (CCR7 and iNOS) and M2 (Arg-1 and Ym-1) polarization markers results showed how the GPETAFLR octapeptide was able to decrease M1 polarization marker expression and increase the M2 polarization marker expression compared to LPS. Animal model results indicate that GPETAFLR has an immunomodulatory capacity, both decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in brain tissue. Polarization markers in the brain tissue were also modulated by GPETAFLR that decreased the pro-inflammatory expression (M1) and increased the anti-inflammatory expression (M2). Conclusion: Our results suggest that GPETAFLR isolated from LPH has significant potential for management of neuroinflammatory conditions and offer benefits derived from the consumption of Lupinus angustifolius L. in the prevention of neuroinflammatory-related diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GPETAFLR%20peptide" title="GPETAFLR peptide">GPETAFLR peptide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BV-2%20cell%20line" title=" BV-2 cell line"> BV-2 cell line</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroinflammation" title=" neuroinflammation"> neuroinflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-fat-diet" title=" high-fat-diet"> high-fat-diet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107665/neuroprotective-effects-of-gly-pro-glu-thr-ala-phe-leu-arg-a-peptide-isolated-from-lupinus-angustifolius-l-protein-hydrolysate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Perception of Public Transport Quality of Service among Regular Private Vehicle Users in Five European Cities </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20de%20Ona">Juan de Ona</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esperanza%20Estevez"> Esperanza Estevez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20de%20Ona"> Rocío de Ona</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban traffic levels can be reduced by drawing travelers away from private vehicles over to using public transport. This modal change can be achieved by either introducing restrictions on private vehicles or by introducing measures which increase people’s satisfaction with public transport. For public transport users, quality of service affects customer satisfaction, which, in turn, influences the behavioral intentions towards the service. This paper intends to identify the main attributes which influence the perception private vehicle users have about the public transport services provided in five European cities: Berlin, Lisbon, London, Madrid and Rome. Ordinal logit models have been applied to an online panel survey with a sample size of 2,500 regular private vehicle users (approximately 500 inhabitants per city). To achieve a comprehensive analysis and to deal with heterogeneity in perceptions, 15 models have been developed for the entire sample and 14 user segments. The results show differences between the cities and among the segments. Madrid was taken as reference city and results indicate that the inhabitants are satisfied with public transport in Madrid and that the most important public transport service attributes for private vehicle users are frequency, speed and intermodality. Frequency is an important attribute for all the segments, while speed and intermodality are important for most of the segments. An analysis by segments has identified attributes which, although not important in most cases, are relevant for specific segments. This study also points out important differences between the five cities. Findings from this study can be used to develop policies and recommendations for persuading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title="service quality">service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20transportation" title=" public transportation"> public transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=private%20vehicle%20users" title=" private vehicle users"> private vehicle users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20users" title=" car users"> car users</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation" title=" segmentation"> segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordered%20logit" title=" ordered logit"> ordered logit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112154/perception-of-public-transport-quality-of-service-among-regular-private-vehicle-users-in-five-european-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112154.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Cultivating Social-Ecological Resilience, Harvesting Biocultural Resistance in Southern Andes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constanza%20Monterrubio-Solis">Constanza Monterrubio-Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jose%20Tomas%20Ibarra"> Jose Tomas Ibarra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The fertile interdependence of social-ecological systems reveals itself in the interactions between native forests and seeds, home gardens, kitchens, foraging activities, local knowledge, and food practices, creating particular flavors and food meanings as part of cultural identities within territories. Resilience in local-food systems, from a relational perspective, can be understood as the balance between persistence and adaptability to change. Food growing, preparation, and consumption are constantly changing and adapting as expressions of agency of female and male indigenous peoples and peasants. This paper explores local food systems’ expressions of resilience in the la Araucanía region of Chile, namely: diversity, redundancy, buffer capacity, modularity, self-organization, governance, learning, equity, and decision-making. Applying ethnographic research methods (participant observation, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews), this work reflects on the experience developed through work with Mapuche women cultivating home gardens in the region since 2012; it looks to material and symbolic elements of resilience in the local indigenous food systems. Local food systems show indeed indicators of social-ecological resilience. The biocultural memory is expressed in affection to particular flavors and recipes, the cultural importance of seeds and reciprocity networks, as well as an accurate knowledge about the indicators of the seasons and weather, which have allowed local food systems to thrive with a strong cultural foundation. Furthermore, these elements turn into biocultural resistance in the face of the current institutional pressures for rural specialization, processes of cultural assimilation such as agroecosystems and diet homogenization, as well as structural threats towards the diversity and freedom of native seeds. Thus, the resilience-resistance dynamic shown by the social-ecological systems of the southern Andes is daily expressed in the local food systems and flavors and is key for diverse and culturally sound social-ecological health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocultural%20heritage" title="biocultural heritage">biocultural heritage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20food%20systems" title=" indigenous food systems"> indigenous food systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social-ecological%20resilience" title=" social-ecological resilience"> social-ecological resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=southern%20Andes" title=" southern Andes"> southern Andes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129569/cultivating-social-ecological-resilience-harvesting-biocultural-resistance-in-southern-andes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129569.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Disadvantaged Adolescents and Educational Delay in South Africa: Impacts of Personal, Family, and School Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Herrero%20Romero">Rocio Herrero Romero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucie%20Cluver"> Lucie Cluver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Hall"> James Hall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janina%20Steinert"> Janina Steinert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Educational delay and non-completion are major policy concerns in South Africa. However, little research has focused on predictors for educational delay amongst adolescents in disadvantaged areas. This study has two aims: first, to use data integration approaches to compare the educational delay of 599 adolescents aged 16 to 18 from disadvantaged communities to national and provincial representative estimates in South Africa. Second, the paper also explores predictors for educational delay by comparing adolescents out of school (n=64) and at least one year behind (n=380), with adolescents in the age-appropriate grade or higher (n=155). Multinomial logistic regression models using self-report and administrative data were applied to look for significant associations of risk and protective factors. Significant risk factors for being behind (rather than in age-appropriate grade) were: male gender, past grade repetition, rural location and larger school size. Risk factors for being out of school (rather than in the age-appropriate grade) were: past grade repetition, having experienced problems concentrating at school, household poverty, and food insecurity. Significant protective factors for being in the age-appropriate grade (rather than out of school) were: living with biological parents or grandparents and access to school counselling. Attending school in wealthier communities was a significant protective factor for being in the age-appropriate grade (rather than behind). Our results suggest that both personal and contextual factors –family and school- predicted educational delay. This study provides new evidence to the significant effects of personal, family, and school characteristics on the educational outcomes of adolescents from disadvantaged communities in South Africa. This is the first longitudinal and quantitative study to systematically investigate risk and protective factors for post-compulsory educational outcomes amongst South African adolescents living in disadvantaged communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disadvantaged%20communities" title="disadvantaged communities">disadvantaged communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20analysis" title=" quantitative analysis"> quantitative analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20delay" title=" school delay"> school delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57508/disadvantaged-adolescents-and-educational-delay-in-south-africa-impacts-of-personal-family-and-school-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> A Prototype for Biological Breakdown of Plastic Bags in Desert Areas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yassets%20Ega%C3%B1a">Yassets Egaña</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricio%20N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez"> Patricio Núñez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20C.%20Rios"> Juan C. Rios</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Balic"> Ivan Balic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Manquez"> Alex Manquez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yarela%20Flores"> Yarela Flores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20C.%20Gatica"> Maria C. Gatica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sergio%20Diez%20De%20Medina"> Sergio Diez De Medina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Tijaro-Rojas"> Rocio Tijaro-Rojas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, humans produce millions of tons of waste per year. An important percentage of this waste is plastic, which frequently ends up in landfills and oceans. During the last decades, the greatest plastics production in history have been made, a few amount of this plastic is recycled, the rest ending up as plastic pollution in soils and seas. Plastic pollution is disastrous for the environment, affecting essential species, quality of consumption water, and some economic activities such as tourism, in different parts of the world. Due to its durability and decomposition on micro-plastics, animals and humans are accumulating a variety of plastic components without having clear their effects on human health, economy, and wildlife. In dry regions as the Atacama Desert, up to 95% of the water consumption comes from underground reservoirs, therefore preventing the soil pollution is an urgent need. This contribution focused on isolating, genotyping and optimizing microorganisms that use plastic waste as the only source of food to construct a batch-type bioreactor able to degrade in a faster way the plastic waste before it gets the desert soils and groundwater consumed by people living in this areas. Preliminary results, under laboratory conditions, has shown an improved degradation of polyethylene when three species of bacteria and three of fungi act on a selected plastic material. These microorganisms have been inoculated in dry soils, initially lacking organic matter, under environmental conditions in the laboratory. Our team designed and constructed a prototype using the natural conditions of the region and the best experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20breakdown" title="biological breakdown">biological breakdown</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20bags" title=" plastic bags"> plastic bags</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prototype" title=" prototype"> prototype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desert%20regions" title=" desert regions"> desert regions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82204/a-prototype-for-biological-breakdown-of-plastic-bags-in-desert-areas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Public Attitudes toward Domestic Violence against Women in China and Spain: A Cross-Cultural Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Menglu%20Yang">Menglu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ani%20Beybutyan"> Ani Beybutyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Pina"> Rocio Pina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20Angel%20Soria"> Miguel Angel Soria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Domestic violence against women is one of the most serious social problems in the world. Attitudes toward domestic violence against women play an important role in the perpetration of violence against women, the way that victims respond to the violence, and how the community responds to violence against women. China and Spain are countries which have been influenced by the culture which males hold power and dominance over the female for a long time. However, as more connected with other European countries, the legal enforcement related to domestic violence against women developed earlier in Spain, and consequently, social awareness of violence against women evolved differently in two countries. The present study aimed to explore and compare the attitudes toward domestic violence against women across China and Spain, and their influence factors, such as gender equality attitudes and coercive control. Totally 506 participants, 255 from China and 251 from Spain completed questionnaires, including attitudes toward domestic violence against women, definition of violence behavior, justification for violence, gender equity attitudes, and coercive control. Results demonstrated that Chinese participants were less aware of domestic violence against women issue but more agreed that such issue was a crime than Spanish participants. In addition to cultural difference, gender equality attitudes, coercive control, gender, and age also affected attitudes toward domestic violence against women. Our findings imply attitudes toward domestic violence against women differ from countries along with the difference in gender equity attitudes and coercive control; such a difference may arise from cultural, traditional belief and current justice system influence. Despite the developed justice system, male dominance culture may lead to maintain the belief that domestic violence is domestic and private issue which police and justice force may not get involved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-cultural%20differences" title="cross-cultural differences">cross-cultural differences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20violence" title=" domestic violence"> domestic violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20attitudes" title=" public attitudes"> public attitudes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence%20against%20women" title=" violence against women"> violence against women</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105704/public-attitudes-toward-domestic-violence-against-women-in-china-and-spain-a-cross-cultural-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105704.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">281</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Isotopes of Plutonium in PM₂.₅</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Mendez-Garcia">C. G. Mendez-Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20T.%20Romero-Guzman"> E. T. Romero-Guzman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hernandez-Mendoza"> H. Hernandez-Mendoza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Solis"> C. Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Chavez-Lomeli"> E. Chavez-Lomeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Chamizo"> E. Chamizo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Garcia-Tenorio"> R. Garcia-Tenorio </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plutonium is present in different concentrations in the environment and biological samples related to nuclear weapons testing, nuclear waste recycling and accidental discharges of nuclear plants. This radioisotope is considered the most radiotoxic substance, particularly when it enters the human body through inhalation of powders insoluble or aerosols. This is the main reason of the determination of the concentration of this radioisotope in the atmosphere. Besides that, the isotopic ratio of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu provides information about the origin of the source. PM₂.₅ sampling was carried out in the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico (MZVM) from February 18th to March 17th in 2015 on quartz filter. There have been significant developments recently due to the establishment of new methods for sample preparation and accurate measurement to detect ultra trace levels as the plutonium is found in the environment. The accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is a technique that allows measuring levels of detection around of femtograms (10-15 g). The AMS determinations include the chemical isolation of Pu. The Pu separation involved an acidic digestion and a radiochemical purification using an anion exchange resin. Finally, the source is prepared, when Pu is pressed in the corresponding cathodes. According to the author's knowledge on these aerosols showed variations on the ²³⁵U/²³⁸U ratio of the natural value, suggesting that could be an anthropogenic source altering it. The determination of the concentration of the isotopes of Pu can be a useful tool in order the clarify this presence in the atmosphere. The first results showed a mean value of activity concentration of ²³⁹Pu of 280 nBq m⁻³ thus the ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu was 0.025 corresponding to the weapon production source; these results corroborate that there is an anthropogenic influence that is increasing the concentration of radioactive material in PM₂.₅. According to the author's knowledge in Total Suspended Particles (TSP) have been reported activity concentrations of ²³⁹⁺²⁴⁰Pu around few tens of nBq m⁻³ and 0.17 of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratios. The preliminary results in MZVM show high activity concentrations of isotopes of Pu (40 and 700 nBq m⁻³) and low ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratio than reported. These results are in the order of the activity concentrations of Pu in weapons-grade of high purity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerosols" title="aerosols">aerosols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fallout" title=" fallout"> fallout</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20spectrometry" title=" mass spectrometry"> mass spectrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiochemistry" title=" radiochemistry"> radiochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracer" title=" tracer"> tracer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C2%B2%E2%81%B4%E2%81%B0Pu%2F%C2%B2%C2%B3%E2%81%B9Pu%20ratio" title=" ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratio"> ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89775/accelerator-mass-spectrometry-analysis-of-isotopes-of-plutonium-in-pm25" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Copy Number Variants in Children with Non-Syndromic Congenital Heart Diseases from Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Lopez-Ibarra">Maria Lopez-Ibarra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ana%20Velazquez-Wong"> Ana Velazquez-Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucelli%20Ya%C3%B1ez-Gutierrez"> Lucelli Yañez-Gutierrez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Araujo-Solis"> Maria Araujo-Solis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabio%20Salamanca-Gomez"> Fabio Salamanca-Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alfonso%20Mendez-Tenorio"> Alfonso Mendez-Tenorio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayde%C3%A9%20Rosas-Vargas"> Haydeé Rosas-Vargas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormalities. These conditions can occur as both an element of distinct chromosomal malformation syndromes or as non-syndromic forms. Their etiology is not fully understood. Genetic variants such copy number variants have been associated with CHD. The aim of our study was to analyze these genomic variants in peripheral blood from Mexican children diagnosed with non-syndromic CHD. We included 16 children with atrial and ventricular septal defects and 5 healthy subjects without heart malformations as controls. To exclude the most common heart disease-associated syndrome alteration, we performed a fluorescence in situ hybridization test to identify the 22q11.2, responsible for congenital heart abnormalities associated with Di-George Syndrome. Then, a microarray based comparative genomic hybridization was used to identify global copy number variants. The identification of copy number variants resulted from the comparison and analysis between our results and data from main genetic variation databases. We identified copy number variants gain in three chromosomes regions from pediatric patients, 4q13.2 (31.25%), 9q34.3 (25%) and 20q13.33 (50%), where several genes associated with cellular, biosynthetic, and metabolic processes are located, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, SNAPC4, SDCCAG3, PMPCA, INPP6E, C9orf163, NOTCH1, C20orf166, and SLCO4A1. In addition, after a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the fluorescence intensity ratios from the comparative genomic hybridization, two congenital heart disease groups were generated corresponding to children with atrial or ventricular septal defects. Further analysis with a larger sample size is needed to corroborate these copy number variants as possible biomarkers to differentiate between heart abnormalities. Interestingly, the 20q13.33 gain was present in 50% of children with these CHD which could suggest that alterations in both coding and non-coding elements within this chromosomal region may play an important role in distinct heart conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aCGH" title="aCGH">aCGH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congenital%20heart%20diseases" title=" congenital heart diseases"> congenital heart diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copy%20number%20variants" title=" copy number variants"> copy number variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorescence%20in%20situ%20hybridization" title=" fluorescence in situ hybridization"> fluorescence in situ hybridization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53721/copy-number-variants-in-children-with-non-syndromic-congenital-heart-diseases-from-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Dynamic Two-Way FSI Simulation for a Blade of a Small Wind Turbine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alberto%20Jim%C3%A9nez-Vargas">Alberto Jiménez-Vargas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuel%20de%20Jes%C3%BAs%20Palacios-Gallegos"> Manuel de Jesús Palacios-Gallegos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Hern%C3%A1ndez-L%C3%B3pez"> Miguel Ángel Hernández-López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Campos-Amezcua"> Rafael Campos-Amezcua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julio%20Cesar%20Sol%C3%ADs-Sanchez"> Julio Cesar Solís-Sanchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimal wind turbine blade design must be able of capturing as much energy as possible from the wind source available at the area of interest. Many times, an optimal design means the use of large quantities of material and complicated processes that make the wind turbine more expensive, and therefore, less cost-effective. For the construction and installation of a wind turbine, the blades may cost up to 20% of the outline pricing, and become more important due to they are part of the rotor system that is in charge of transmitting the energy from the wind to the power train, and where the static and dynamic design loads for the whole wind turbine are produced. The aim of this work is the develop of a blade fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation that allows the identification of the major damage zones during the normal production situation, and thus better decisions for design and optimization can be taken. The simulation is a dynamic case, since we have a time-history wind velocity as inlet condition instead of a constant wind velocity. The process begins with the free-use software NuMAD (NREL), to model the blade and assign material properties to the blade, then the 3D model is exported to ANSYS Workbench platform where before setting the FSI system, a modal analysis is made for identification of natural frequencies and modal shapes. FSI analysis is carried out with the two-way technic which begins with a CFD simulation to obtain the pressure distribution on the blade surface, then these results are used as boundary condition for the FEA simulation to obtain the deformation levels for the first time-step. For the second time-step, CFD simulation is reconfigured automatically with the next time-step inlet wind velocity and the deformation results from the previous time-step. The analysis continues the iterative cycle solving time-step by time-step until the entire load case is completed. This work is part of a set of projects that are managed by a national consortium called “CEMIE-Eólico” (Mexican Center in Wind Energy Research), created for strengthen technological and scientific capacities, the promotion of creation of specialized human resources, and to link the academic with private sector in national territory. The analysis belongs to the design of a rotor system for a 5 kW wind turbine design thought to be installed at the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blade" title="blade">blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic" title=" dynamic"> dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fsi" title=" fsi"> fsi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31282/dynamic-two-way-fsi-simulation-for-a-blade-of-a-small-wind-turbine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Non-intrusive Hand Control of Drone Using an Inexpensive and Streamlined Convolutional Neural Network Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evan%20Lowhorn">Evan Lowhorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Alba-Flores"> Rocio Alba-Flores</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this work is to develop a method for classifying hand signals and using the output in a drone control algorithm. To achieve this, methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) were applied. CNN's are a subset of deep learning, which allows grid-like inputs to be processed and passed through a neural network to be trained for classification. This type of neural network allows for classification via imaging, which is less intrusive than previous methods using biosensors, such as EMG sensors. Classification CNN's operate purely from the pixel values in an image; therefore they can be used without additional exteroceptive sensors. A development bench was constructed using a desktop computer connected to a high-definition webcam mounted on a scissor arm. This allowed the camera to be pointed downwards at the desk to provide a constant solid background for the dataset and a clear detection area for the user. A MATLAB script was created to automate dataset image capture at the development bench and save the images to the desktop. This allowed the user to create their own dataset of 12,000 images within three hours. These images were evenly distributed among seven classes. The defined classes include forward, backward, left, right, idle, and land. The drone has a popular flip function which was also included as an additional class. To simplify control, the corresponding hand signals chosen were the numerical hand signs for one through five for movements, a fist for land, and the universal “ok” sign for the flip command. Transfer learning with PyTorch (Python) was performed using a pre-trained 18-layer residual learning network (ResNet-18) to retrain the network for custom classification. An algorithm was created to interpret the classification and send encoded messages to a Ryze Tello drone over its 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi connection. The drone’s movements were performed in half-meter distance increments at a constant speed. When combined with the drone control algorithm, the classification performed as desired with negligible latency when compared to the delay in the drone’s movement commands. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title=" computer vision"> computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convolutional%20neural%20networks" title=" convolutional neural networks"> convolutional neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drone%20control" title=" drone control"> drone control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139743/non-intrusive-hand-control-of-drone-using-an-inexpensive-and-streamlined-convolutional-neural-network-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139743.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">219</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Delineation of Green Infrastructure Buffer Areas with a Simulated Annealing: Consideration of Ecosystem Services Trade-Offs in the Objective Function</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andres%20Manuel%20Garcia%20Lamparte">Andres Manuel Garcia Lamparte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rocio%20Losada%20Iglesias"> Rocio Losada Iglesias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcos%20Boull%C3%B3N%20Magan"> Marcos BoullóN Magan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Miranda%20Barros"> David Miranda Barros</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The biodiversity strategy of the European Union for 2030, mentions climate change as one of the key factors for biodiversity loss and considers green infrastructure as one of the solutions to this problem. In this line, the European Commission has developed a green infrastructure strategy which commits members states to consider green infrastructure in their territorial planning. This green infrastructure is aimed at granting the provision of a wide number of ecosystem services to support biodiversity and human well-being by countering the effects of climate change. Yet, there are not too many tools available to delimit green infrastructure. The available ones consider the potential of the territory to provide ecosystem services. However, these methods usually aggregate several maps of ecosystem services potential without considering possible trade-offs. This can lead to excluding areas with a high potential for providing ecosystem services which have many trade-offs with other ecosystem services. In order to tackle this problem, a methodology is proposed to consider ecosystem services trade-offs in the objective function of a simulated annealing algorithm aimed at delimiting green infrastructure multifunctional buffer areas. To this end, the provision potential maps of the regulating ecosystem services considered to delimit the multifunctional buffer areas are clustered in groups, so that ecosystem services that create trade-offs are excluded in each group. The normalized provision potential maps of the ecosystem services in each group are added to obtain a potential map per group which is normalized again. Then the potential maps for each group are combined in a raster map that shows the highest provision potential value in each cell. The combined map is then used in the objective function of the simulated annealing algorithm. The algorithm is run both using the proposed methodology and considering the ecosystem services individually. The results are analyzed with spatial statistics and landscape metrics to check the number of ecosystem services that the delimited areas produce, as well as their regularity and compactness. It has been observed that the proposed methodology increases the number of ecosystem services produced by delimited areas, improving their multifunctionality and increasing their effectiveness in preventing climate change impacts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ecosystem%20services%20trade-offs" title="ecosystem services trade-offs">ecosystem services trade-offs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20infrastructure%20delineation" title=" green infrastructure delineation"> green infrastructure delineation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifunctional%20buffer%20areas" title=" multifunctional buffer areas"> multifunctional buffer areas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138768/delineation-of-green-infrastructure-buffer-areas-with-a-simulated-annealing-consideration-of-ecosystem-services-trade-offs-in-the-objective-function" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Evaluation of Differential Interaction between Flavanols and Saliva Proteins by Diffusion and Precipitation Assays on Cellulose Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Obreque-Slier">E. Obreque-Slier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Contreras-Cortez"> V. Contreras-Cortez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20L%C3%B3pez-Sol%C3%ADs"> R. López-Solís</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Astringency is a drying, roughing, and sometimes puckering sensation that is experienced on the various oral surfaces during or immediately after tasting foods. This sensation has been closely related to the interaction and precipitation between salivary proteins and polyphenols, specifically flavanols or proanthocyanidins. In addition, the type and concentration of proanthocyanidin influences significantly the intensity of the astringency and consequently the protein/proanthocyanidin interaction. However, most of the studies are based on the interaction between saliva and highly complex polyphenols, without considering the effect of monomeric proanthoancyanidins present in different foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different monomeric proanthocyanidins on the diffusion and precipitation of salivary proteins. Thus, solutions of catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin (0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10 mg/mL) were mixed with human saliva (1: 1 v/v). After incubation for 5 min at room temperature, 15 µL aliquots of each mix were dotted on a cellulose membrane and allowed to dry spontaneously at room temperature. The membrane was fixed, rinsed and stained for proteins with Coomassie blue. After exhaustive washing in 7% acetic acid, the membrane was rinsed once in distilled water and dried under a heat lamp. Both diffusion area and stain intensity of the protein spots were semiqualitative estimates for protein-tannin interaction (diffusion test). The rest of the whole saliva-phenol solution mixtures of the diffusion assay were centrifuged, and 15-μL aliquots from each of the supernatants were dotted on a cellulose membrane. The membrane was processed for protein staining as indicated above. The blue-stained area of protein distribution corresponding to each of the extract dilution-saliva mixtures was quantified by Image J 1.45 software. Each of the assays was performed at least three times. Initially, salivary proteins display a biphasic distribution on cellulose membranes, that is, when aliquots of saliva are placed on absorbing cellulose membranes, and free diffusion of saliva is allowed to occur, a non-diffusible protein fraction becomes surrounded by highly diffusible salivary proteins. In effect, once diffusion has ended, a protein-binding dye shows an intense blue-stained roughly circular area close to the spotting site (non-diffusible fraction) (NDF) which becomes surrounded by a weaker blue-stained outer band (diffusible fraction) (DF). Likewise, the diffusion test showed that epicatechin caused the complete disappearance of DF from saliva with 2 mg/mL. Also, epigallocatechin and gallocatechin caused a similar effect with 4 mg/mL, while catechin generated the same effect at 8 mg/mL. In the precipitation test, the use of epicatechin and gallocatechin generated evident precipitates at the bottom of the Eppendorf tubes. In summary, the flavanol type differentially affects the diffusion and precipitation of saliva, which would affect the sensation of astringency perceived by consumers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=astringency" title="astringency">astringency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyphenols" title=" polyphenols"> polyphenols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannins" title=" tannins"> tannins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tannin-protein%20interaction" title=" tannin-protein interaction"> tannin-protein interaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75815/evaluation-of-differential-interaction-between-flavanols-and-saliva-proteins-by-diffusion-and-precipitation-assays-on-cellulose-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20P.%20Sol%C3%ADs&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roc%C3%ADo%20P.%20Sol%C3%ADs&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a 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