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class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon (born 26 November 1952) is a South Sudanese politician who has served as the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_South_Sudan" title="Vice President of South Sudan">Vice President of South Sudan</a> on several occasions, most recently as the First Vice President, since 2020. <table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Riek Machar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Riek_Machar_VOA_photo_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1860"></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Machar in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st & 4th <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_South_Sudan" title="Vice President of South Sudan">First Vice President of South Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office 21 February 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Taban_Deng_Gai" title="Taban Deng Gai">Taban Deng Gai</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 26 April 2016 – 23 July 2016<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Salva Kiir Mayardit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Position established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Taban Deng Gai</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_South_Sudan" title="Vice President of South Sudan">Vice President of South Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 9 July 2011 – 23 July 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Salva Kiir Mayardit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as Vice President of Southern Sudan)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Wani_Igga" title="James Wani Igga">James Wani Igga</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd Vice President of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%9311)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–11)">Southern Sudan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 11 August 2005 – 9 July 2011</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Salva Kiir Mayardit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Salva Kiir Mayardit</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Himself (as Vice President of South Sudan)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon</div> (1952-11-26) 26 November 1952 (age 72)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Leer,_South_Sudan" title="Leer, South Sudan">Leer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Upper_Nile" title="Greater Upper Nile">Upper Nile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Egyptian_Sudan" title="Anglo-Egyptian Sudan">Anglo-Egyptian Sudan</a> (now <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudanese">South Sudanese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement">Sudan People's Liberation Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement-in-Opposition" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition">Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Emma_McCune" title="Emma McCune">Emma McCune</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1991; died 1993)</div> <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Teny" title="Angelina Teny">Angelina Teny</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Khartoum" title="University of Khartoum">University of Khartoum</a> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">SENNAR<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkol200313-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">SPLA, <a href="/wiki/SPLA-Nasir" title="SPLA-Nasir">SPLA-Nasir</a>, <a href="/wiki/SPLA-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLA-IO">SPLA-IO</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> A member of the <a href="/wiki/Nuer_people" title="Nuer people">Nuer</a> ethnic group, Machar earned degrees in engineering from <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum University">Khartoum University</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a>. In 1984, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Sudanese_People%27s_Liberation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudanese People's Liberation Army">Sudanese People's Liberation Army/Movement</a> (SPLM/A) rebel group fighting for southern independence during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a>. Due to a rift with SPLM/A leader <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a>, Machar was ejected from the group in 1991, and founded the <a href="/wiki/SPLA-Nasir" title="SPLA-Nasir">SPLA-Nasir</a> splinter group. Later that year, Machar was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Bor_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bor Massacre">Bor Massacre</a>, in which his forces took part in the massacre of at least 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Dinka_people" title="Dinka people">Dinka</a> civilians. Over the next several years, Machar led several different rebel groups and militias, including the SPLA-United, the South Sudan Independence Movement/Army (SSIM/A), the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudan Defence Forces">South Sudan Defence Forces</a> (SSDF) and the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Defense_Forces/Democratic_Front" title="Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front">Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front</a> (SPDF), before reuniting with Garang and the SPLM/A in 2002. Following the end of the Second Sudanese Civil War in 2005, Machar was made Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Sudan_Autonomous_Region_(2005%E2%80%932011)" title="Southern Sudan Autonomous Region (2005–2011)">Southern Sudan Autonomous Region</a> with Garang's successor <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a> as President. Following the South's gaining of independence in 2011, Machar became Vice President of the independent republic of South Sudan with Kiir as President. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Political_life">1 Political life</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Early_career">2 Early career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Return_to_SPLM">3 Return to SPLM</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#South_Sudan_politics">4 South Sudan politics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Return_to_vice-presidency_and_second_sacking">4.1 Return to vice-presidency and second sacking</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#After_2017">4.2 After 2017</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#2025_arrest">4.2.1 2025 arrest</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Literary_work">5 Literary work</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References">7 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Further_reading">8 Further reading</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Political_life">Political life</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Political life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> In February 2020, Machar was re-sworn in as first vice president following a revitalized peace agreement with <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir" class="mw-redirect" title="Salva Kiir">Salva Kiir</a>, the current President of <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a>. He is also the head of the rebel faction known as <a href="/wiki/SPLM-IO" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLM-IO">SPLM-IO</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement-in-Opposition" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition">Sudan People's Liberation Movement-In Opposition</a>) that was founded in 2014 following the 2013 war outbreak and has been historically in opposition to Kiir. Between April and July 2016 Machar served as the First Vice President of South Sudan. He is designated to be the First Vice President according to the new "revitalized" peace agreement signed in September 2018. Dr. Riek Machar will take up the post of First Vice President when the new unity government is formed, initially in February 2019, but later delayed until February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-sudantribune-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-theeastafrican.co.ke-6">[6]</a> Machar obtained a PhD in strategic planning in 1984 and then joined the rebel <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement/Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army">Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army</a> (<a href="/wiki/SPLM/A" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLM/A">SPLM/A</a>) during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="Second Sudanese Civil War">Second Sudanese Civil War</a> (1983–2005). Machar fell out with the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="South Sudan People's Defence Forces">SPLM/A</a> leader <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> in 1991 and formed a splinter group, the <a href="/wiki/SPLM/A-Nasir" class="mw-redirect" title="SPLM/A-Nasir">SPLM/A-Nasir</a>. In 1997, he made a treaty with the Government of Sudan and became head of the government-backed <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Defense_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="South Sudan Defense Force">South Sudan Defense Force</a> (SSDF). In 2000, he left the SSDF and formed a new militia, the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Defense_Forces/Democratic_Front" title="Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front">Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front</a> (SPDF), and in 2002 rejoined the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_People%27s_Defence_Forces" title="South Sudan People's Defence Forces">SPLA/M</a> as a senior commander. After the death of <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> in July 2005, Machar became vice-president of the autonomous Southern Sudan. He became vice-president of South Sudan on 9 July 2011 when the country became independent, but was dismissed from office by President <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a> on 23 July 2016. Machar was re-appointed as First Vice-president of South Sudan on 22 February 2020 as part of the Revitalized Transitional Government of National Unity.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7">[7]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Riek Machar Teny Dhurgon was born in <a href="/wiki/Leer,_South_Sudan" title="Leer, South Sudan">Leer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unity_State" title="Unity State">Unity State</a> on 26 November 1952,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> the 27th son of the chief of <a href="/wiki/Ayod" title="Ayod">Ayod</a> and Leer. He was brought up as a member of the Presbyterian church.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManyang2005-9">[9]</a> Machar belongs to the Dok section (Dok-Chiengluom) of the <a href="/wiki/Nuer_people" title="Nuer people">Nuer Bentiu people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchleeWatson200944-10">[10]</a> He trained as an engineer at <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Khartoum University">Khartoum University</a>, and obtained a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bradford" title="University of Bradford">University of Bradford</a> in 1984.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArcuil2006-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEdgerton2004128-12">[12]</a> Machar has been called a tuut dhoali/Doth in English, which may be translated "adult boy", meaning uninitiated and literate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">clarification needed</a>] He has tried to transcend tribal divisions, and at one time attempted to ban initiation marks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeyissa2011170-13">[13]</a> However, in his struggle with <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> he exploited ethnic rivalries between the Nuer and <a href="/wiki/Dinka_people" title="Dinka people">Dinka people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeyissa2011204-14">[14]</a> Machar married <a href="/wiki/Emma_McCune" title="Emma McCune">Emma McCune</a>, a British aid worker. She died in a car accident in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a> in 1993 at the age of 29, while pregnant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirkus_Reviews-15">[15]</a> Machar's second wife, <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Teny" title="Angelina Teny">Angelina Teny</a>, is one of the leading women politicians in South Sudan. She was state minister of Energy and Mining in the transitional government (2005–2010).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngelina_Teny...-16">[16]</a> Machar was a rebel leader with the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Army/Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement">Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement</a> (SPLM/A) headed by <a href="/wiki/John_Garang" title="John Garang">John Garang</a> from 1984 until he fell out with Garang in 1991. As Zonal Commander of Western Upper Nile, in 1986 he entered into an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Baggara" class="mw-redirect" title="Baggara">Baggara</a> chiefs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200315-17">[17]</a> Machar led forces that attacked and overran <a href="/wiki/Melut" title="Melut">Melut</a> in 1989. That year he was able to visit his family, which was based in Britain, for the first time since the civil war started. In 1990 Machar was based at Leer. Later he was appointed SPLA Regional Commander for a region that extended from the Ethiopian border in the east to <a href="/wiki/Renk,_South_Sudan" title="Renk, South Sudan">Renk</a> in the north and to <a href="/wiki/Ayod,_South_Sudan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayod, South Sudan">Ayod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waat" title="Waat">Waat</a> in the south.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManyang2005-9">[9]</a> Machar disagreed with the SPLA leader John Garang over objectives. Where John Garang at first wanted a secular and democratic but united Sudan in which the southerners would have full representation, Machar wanted a fully independent South Sudan.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELittle2007192-18">[18]</a> In August 1991 Riek Machar, <a href="/wiki/Lam_Akol" title="Lam Akol">Lam Akol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon Kong">Gordon Kong</a> announced that John Garang had been ejected from the SPLM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2003202-19">[19]</a> Kong Chuol is from the Eastern Jikany Nuer and Lam Akol is from the <a href="/wiki/Shilluk_people" title="Shilluk people">Shilluk people</a>. The breakaway faction, based in <a href="/wiki/Nasir,_South_Sudan" title="Nasir, South Sudan">Nasir</a> until 1995 and then in Waat and Ayod, was called the SPLM/A-Nasir faction from 1991 to 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone20038%E2%80%939-20">[20]</a> As part of <a href="/wiki/SPLA-Nasir" title="SPLA-Nasir">SPLA-Nasir</a>, he was involved in the <a href="/wiki/Bor_massacre" title="Bor massacre">Bor massacre</a>, where 2000 mostly civilians were killed in Bor in 1991 while tens of thousands died in the following years from the <a href="/wiki/1993_Sudan_famine" title="1993 Sudan famine">resulting famine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The Bul Nuer Anyanya-2 militia at <a href="/wiki/Mayom,_South_Sudan" title="Mayom, South Sudan">Mayom</a> under <a href="/wiki/Paulino_Matip" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulino Matip">Paulino Matip</a> and the Lou Nuer Anyanya-2 militia at <a href="/wiki/Doleib_Hill" title="Doleib Hill">Doleib Hill</a> under <a href="/wiki/Yohannes_Yual" title="Yohannes Yual">Yohannes Yual</a> declared for Riek.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2003202-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kerubino_Kuanyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerubino Kuanyin">Kerubino Kuanyin</a> and Faustino Atem Gualdit, Dinkas from Bahr el-Ghazal, had been among the founders of the SPLM but had fallen out with John Garang and had been jailed. They escaped and joined Machar in 1993, with their forces making an important addition to the formerly Nuer-dominated SPLA-Nasir. Kerubino became deputy Commander in Chief.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone1996318%E2%80%93319-22">[22]</a> After this addition by forces from other ethnic groups, Riek's movement and force was called the SPLA-United from 1993 to 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone20038%E2%80%939-20">[20]</a> In September 1993, President <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Arap_Moi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Arap Moi">Daniel Arap Moi</a> of Kenya held separate talks with Garang and Riek Machar. In October 1993 the US Congress hosted a meeting between Garang and Machar. The two seemed to agree about various subjects related to a cease fire and reconciliation between the two factions, <a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">self-determination</a> and opposition to the Khartoum regime, but Machar disputed Garang's authority and refused to sign a joint declaration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2003204-23">[23]</a> Machar dismissed Lam Akol from the SPLA-United in February 1994. Lam Akol returned to <a href="/wiki/Kodok" title="Kodok">Kodok</a> in the government-held region of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Nile_(state)" title="Upper Nile (state)">Upper Nile</a> state.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJohnson2003205-24">[24]</a> From 1994 to 1997 Machar's movement was known as the South Sudan Independence Movement/Army (SSIM/A).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200315-17">[17]</a> Although seeking independence for South Sudan, the group received covert support from the Government of Sudan as it fought the SPLA between 1991 and 1999 in attacks that became increasingly violent and ethnically motivated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> Early in 1995 hostilities between the SSIM and SPLA, which had taken several thousands of civilian lives, were temporarily suspended. Machar dismissed Kerubino Kuanyin and Commander <a href="/wiki/William_Nyuon_Bany" title="William Nyuon Bany">William Nyuon Bany</a> from the SSIM on the basis that they had signed military and political agreements with the government of Sudan late in the previous year, and that they had attempted to form a government-supported faction in the SSIM.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone1996318-26">[26]</a> During the 1990s Machar skillfully developed support among the eastern Nuer, the Jikany and the Lou, taking advantage of SPLA unpopularity with the Jikany and drawing on prophetic tradition to make his case.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFeyissa2011206-27">[27]</a> In 1996 Machar signed a Political Charter and in 1997 the <a href="/wiki/Khartoum_Peace_Agreement_of_1997" title="Khartoum Peace Agreement of 1997">Khartoum Peace Agreement</a> with the government. Under this agreement he was assistant to <a href="/wiki/Omar_el-Bashir" class="mw-redirect" title="Omar el-Bashir">Omar el-Bashir</a>, President of Sudan, and President of the Southern States Coordinating Council.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> He was also made commander in chief of the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan_Defence_Forces_(militia)" title="South Sudan Defence Forces (militia)">South Sudan Defense Force</a> (SSDF), which included most of the ex-rebels who had signed the Khartoum agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Return_to_SPLM">Return to SPLM</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to SPLM" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> There was growing tension between Riek Machar and Paulino Matip's South Sudan Unity Movement (SSUM), which became engaged in forcibly removing civilians from the <a href="/wiki/Block_5A,_South_Sudan" title="Block 5A, South Sudan">Block 5A</a> oil concession area, and assisting in clearances from other oil blocks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200317-28">[28]</a> In 1998–1999, Matip's fighters and government troops clashed several times with Machar's SSDF forces in a struggle for control of the Unity state oilfields. Matip's fighters forced <a href="/wiki/Tito_Biel" title="Tito Biel">Tito Biel</a>, a high-ranking SSDF commander, to evacuate <a href="/wiki/Leer,_South_Sudan" title="Leer, South Sudan">Leer</a> early in 1999. Tito Biel later went over to the SPLA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeace_from_within-29">[29]</a> Riek Machar's failure to prevent the government from forcibly displacing civilians from the oil-producing areas of <a href="/wiki/Unity_State" title="Unity State">Unity State</a> turned the Nuer against his leadership.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> Machar's SSDF began to receive ammunition from the SPLA as of June 1999.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOil-Caused_Realignment-30">[30]</a> In 2000 at a meeting of leaders in <a href="/wiki/Koch,_South_Sudan" title="Koch, South Sudan">Koch</a> he finally resigned from the government of Sudan and created a fresh militia named the <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Defense_Forces/Democratic_Front" title="Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front">Sudan People's Defense Forces/Democratic Front</a> (SPDF).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> At risk in his own homeland of the Dok Nuer, Riek moved his base of operations to the eastern <a href="/wiki/Jikany" class="mw-redirect" title="Jikany">Jikany</a> area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchleeWatson200944-10">[10]</a> In January 2002 he signed an agreement with John Garang to merge the SPDF into the SPLA, and was given command of the Dok Nuer within the SPLA.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERone200316-25">[25]</a> The civil war ended in January 2005. In August, Machar became Vice President of the Government of Southern Sudan and SPLM Co-chair of the Joint Executive Political Committee.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiraya_FM-31">[31]</a> When South Sudan became independent, in July 2011 he was appointed first vice president of the new republic.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESoSaNews_13_July_2011-32">[32]</a> On 15 July 2011 Machar represented South Sudan at the ceremony when his country's flag was raised outside <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations headquarters">United Nations headquarters</a> in New York.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudan_Tribune_15_July_2011-33">[33]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="South_Sudan_politics">South Sudan politics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: South Sudan politics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Sudan_Vice_President_(8345739210).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg/250px-South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2114" data-file-height="1424"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg/250px-South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg/330px-South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg/500px-South_Sudan_Vice_President_%288345739210%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Machar with UK Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a> in London in January 2013</figcaption></figure> Following the <a href="/wiki/2011_South_Sudanese_independence_referendum" title="2011 South Sudanese independence referendum">independence of South Sudan</a>, Machar was the vice president of the country. In 2012, he publicly apologized for his part in the Bor massacre as he prepared to pave way for taking the helm of SPLM.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> By February 2013 Machar publicly stated his intentions to challenge President Kiir. In July 2013, he, and the entire cabinet, was dismissed from office. Machar said that Kiir's move was a step towards dictatorship.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> These events in turn led to the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a>. After the civil war started, Machar turned towards a "shadowy" group of European arms dealers to arm his forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartell2019235-36">[36]</a> Little is known about them. An exception was the Franco-Polish arms dealer <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dadak" title="Pierre Dadak">Pierre Dadak</a> who at the time of his arrest at <a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a> villa on 14 July 2016 was negotiating to sell Machar 40,000 AK-47 assault rifles, 30,000 PKM machine guns and 200,000 boxes of ammunition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartell2019235-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_vice-presidency_and_second_sacking">Return to vice-presidency and second sacking</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to vice-presidency and second sacking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In late August 2015, a peace agreement was signed between the government and Machar's rebels. The agreement would make Riek Machar the vice-president again.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-irin-38">[38]</a> In April 2016, as part of the peace deal, Machar returned to Juba and was sworn in as vice-president.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Machar fled the capital after <a href="/wiki/2016_Juba_clashes" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Juba clashes">renewed fighting</a> between the Kiir loyalists and his own loyalists Juba in July 2016. After a 48-hour ultimatum given by the president to him for returning to Juba to progress with the peace agreement talks passed, the SPLA-IO in Juba appointed lead negotiator <a href="/wiki/Taban_Deng_Gai" title="Taban Deng Gai">Taban Deng Gai</a> to replace Machar and the government accepted him as acting vice-president. Machar said any talks would be illegal because he had fired Gai.<a href="#cite_note-Gai-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_2017">After 2017</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: After 2017" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In October 2017, Machar was under <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-41">[41]</a> His house arrest status was lifted in March 2018.<a href="#cite_note-returntojuba-42">[42]</a> Machar's house confinement in South Africa was also criticized by the media.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Machar returned to Juba in October 2018 following a peace deal that was signed in September 2018. As of May 2019, he was living in Khartoum, the capital of South Sudan's northern neighbor Sudan, following a six-month delay in the implementation of a power sharing deal that was meant to take effect on 12 May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-iol-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-delayeddeal-45">[45]</a> Machar was appointed First Vice-president of South Sudan on 22 February 2020 as part of the Revitalised Transitional Government of National Unity.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-7">[7]</a> On 18 May 2020, Machar and his wife tested positive for <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2021, he hinted that the <a href="/wiki/2023_South_Sudanese_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 South Sudanese general election">2023 South Sudanese general election</a> would be postponed.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2025_arrest">2025 arrest</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2025 arrest" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the lead-up to the arrest, Machar wrote an <a href="/wiki/Open_letter" title="Open letter">open letter</a> decrying the deployment of Ugandan troops in South Sudan. He argued that their presence violated and endangered the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War#2018_peace_agreement_(2018%E2%80%932020)" title="South Sudanese Civil War">2018 peace agreement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy" title="Foreign Policy">Foreign Policy</a> saw this as a potential triggering event for his arrest.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> According to his party <a href="/wiki/Sudan_People%27s_Liberation_Movement-in-Opposition" title="Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition">SPLM-IO</a>, on 26 March 2025, Machar was put under house arrest along with his wife, interior minister <a href="/wiki/Angelina_Teny" title="Angelina Teny">Angelina Teny</a>, after an armed convoy led by top government officials entered his residence in Juba.<a href="#cite_note-:0-49">[49]</a> Their guards were disarmed and taken to an unknown location.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The party stated that the 2018 peace agreement with the government was effectively void as a result.<a href="#cite_note-:0-49">[49]</a> On 28 March, the South Sudanese government announced that Machar was under house arrest.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> However, on 31 March, president <a href="/wiki/Salva_Kiir_Mayardit" title="Salva Kiir Mayardit">Salva Kiir Mayardit</a>'s press secretary called that description "unfounded" and said that it "does not accurately depict the reality of the situation."<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The South Sudanese government charged Machar with plotting rebellion, accusing him of agitating for civil war to prevent <a href="/wiki/2026_South_Sudanese_general_election" title="2026 South Sudanese general election">upcoming national elections</a>. It announced an investigation into the SPLM-IO and Machar. Additionally, it denied that the peace agreement was void.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Machar had been suspected of supporting the <a href="/wiki/Nuer_White_Army" title="Nuer White Army">Nuer White Army</a> in its fight against the South Sudanese military. The group had <a href="/wiki/2025_Nasir_clashes" title="2025 Nasir clashes">attacked and overrun</a> a military base earlier that month, amidst mounting tensions. SPLM-IO denied any ongoing links with the White Army, which they had been allied with during the <a href="/wiki/South_Sudanese_Civil_War" title="South Sudanese Civil War">South Sudanese Civil War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_in_South_Sudan" title="United Nations Mission in South Sudan">United Nations Mission in South Sudan</a> has stated that the reported arrest "might lead the country to the brink of civil war".<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Literary_work">Literary work</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Literary work" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRiek_Machar" class="citation web cs1">Riek Machar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/sd_machar.html">"South Sudan: A history of political domination: A case of self-determination"</a>. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+Sudan%3A+A+history+of+political+domination%3A+A+case+of+self-determination&rft.au=Riek+Machar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africa.upenn.edu%2FHornet%2Fsd_machar.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_violence_in_South_Sudan" title="Ethnic violence in South Sudan">Ethnic violence in South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka-Nuer_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Dinka-Nuer conflict">Dinka-Nuer conflict</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africanews.com/2016/07/23/south-sudan-minister-taban-deng-gai-replaces-reik-machar-as-vice-president/">"South Sudanese minister replaces 'missing' Riek Machar as vice president"</a>. AfricaNews. 23 July 2016. Retrieved 24 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AfricaNews&rft.atitle=South+Sudanese+minister+replaces+%27missing%27+Riek+Machar+as+vice+president&rft.date=2016-07-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2016%2F07%2F23%2Fsouth-sudan-minister-taban-deng-gai-replaces-reik-machar-as-vice-president%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/2013/12/profile-south-sudan-riek-machar-20131230201534595392.html">"Profile: South Sudan rebel leader Riek Machar"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. 4 January 2014. 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The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. 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SPLM/SPLA : the Nasir Declaration. New York: iUniverse, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0595284590" title="Special:BookSources/0595284590"><bdi>0595284590</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SPLM%2FSPLA+%3A+the+Nasir+Declaration&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=iUniverse%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0595284590&rft.aulast=Akol&rft.aufirst=Lam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngelina_Teny..." class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/Angelina-Teny-says-will-not-accept,34880">"Angelina Teny says will not accept "rigged" and "untrue" election results"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 25 April 2010. 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Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-21584-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-21584-6"><bdi>0-253-21584-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+root+causes+of+Sudan%27s+civil+wars&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-253-21584-6&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Douglas+Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQq9GQyFDMe0C%26pg%3DPA202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirkus_Reviews" class="citation book cs1">Emma's War [Hardcover] Review. HarperCollins. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0002570270" title="Special:BookSources/0002570270"><bdi>0002570270</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emma%27s+War+%5BHardcover%5D+Review&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0002570270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle2007" class="citation book cs1">Little, David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WTuZJxwYltEC&pg=PA192">Peacemakers in action: profiles of religion in conflict resolution</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85358-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-85358-3"><bdi>978-0-521-85358-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peacemakers+in+action%3A+profiles+of+religion+in+conflict+resolution&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-85358-3&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWTuZJxwYltEC%26pg%3DPA192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartell2019" class="citation book cs1">Martell, Peter (2019). First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War But Lost the Peace. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190083380" title="Special:BookSources/978-0190083380"><bdi>978-0190083380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Raise+a+Flag%3A+How+South+Sudan+Won+the+Longest+War+But+Lost+the+Peace&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0190083380&rft.aulast=Martell&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManyang2005" class="citation web cs1">Manyang, Mayom (25 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/Sudan-SPLM-leadership-Bio-data-and,13221">"Sudan SPLM leadership Bio-data and profiled"</a>. Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sudan+SPLM+leadership+Bio-data+and+profiled&rft.date=2005-12-25&rft.aulast=Manyang&rft.aufirst=Mayom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2FSudan-SPLM-leadership-Bio-data-and%2C13221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiraya_FM" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726111625/http://www.gossmission.org/goss/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=644&Itemid=192">"Riek Machar confirms a Final Peace agreement to be signed soon"</a>. Miraya FM. 24 November 2008. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miraya+FM&rft.atitle=Riek+Machar+confirms+a+Final+Peace+agreement+to+be+signed+soon&rft.date=2008-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gossmission.org%2Fgoss%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D644%26Itemid%3D192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOil-Caused_Realignment" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/sudan1103/17.htm">"OIL-CAUSED REALIGNMENT OF SOUTHERN REBEL FORCES AND ESCALATION OF WAR, LATE 1999"</a>. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 5 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OIL-CAUSED+REALIGNMENT+OF+SOUTHERN+REBEL+FORCES+AND+ESCALATION+OF+WAR%2C+LATE+1999&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2003%2Fsudan1103%2F17.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeace_from_within" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudanupdate.org/REPORTS/Oil/13pw.html">"Peace from within"</a>. Sudan Update. Retrieved 4 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Peace+from+within&rft.pub=Sudan+Update&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudanupdate.org%2FREPORTS%2FOil%2F13pw.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRone1996" class="citation book cs1">Rone, Jemera (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X9db6P7xdP8C&pg=PA318">Behind the red line: political repression in Sudan</a>. Human Rights Watch. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56432-164-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56432-164-9"><bdi>1-56432-164-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+red+line%3A+political+repression+in+Sudan&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=1-56432-164-9&rft.aulast=Rone&rft.aufirst=Jemera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX9db6P7xdP8C%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRone2003" class="citation book cs1">Rone, Jemera (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3WQkACoP3FkC">Sudan, oil, and human rights</a>. Human Rights Watch. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3WQkACoP3FkC/page/n24">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56432-291-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56432-291-2"><bdi>1-56432-291-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sudan%2C+oil%2C+and+human+rights&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-56432-291-2&rft.aulast=Rone&rft.aufirst=Jemera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_3WQkACoP3FkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchleeWatson2009" class="citation book cs1">Schlee, Günther; Watson, Elizabeth E. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fX6pCg3iDHcC&pg=PA44">Changing identifications and alliances in North-East Africa: Sudan, Uganda and the Ethiopia-Sudan borderlands</a>. Berghahn Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-604-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84545-604-7"><bdi>978-1-84545-604-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+identifications+and+alliances+in+North-East+Africa%3A+Sudan%2C+Uganda+and+the+Ethiopia-Sudan+borderlands&rft.pub=Berghahn+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84545-604-7&rft.aulast=Schlee&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnther&rft.au=Watson%2C+Elizabeth+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfX6pCg3iDHcC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoSaNews_13_July_2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111108235215/http://sosanews.com/2011/07/13/the-newly-appointed-ministers-or-caretakers/">"S.Sudan: The Newly Appointed Ministers Or Caretakers"</a>. SoSaNews. 13 July 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sosanews.com/2011/07/13/the-newly-appointed-ministers-or-caretakers/">the original</a> on 8 November 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SoSaNews&rft.atitle=S.Sudan%3A+The+Newly+Appointed+Ministers+Or+Caretakers&rft.date=2011-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsosanews.com%2F2011%2F07%2F13%2Fthe-newly-appointed-ministers-or-caretakers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudan_Tribune_15_July_2011" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sudantribune.com/South-Sudan-flag-finally-raised,39540">"South Sudan flag finally raised before 192 nations at UN in New York"</a>. Sudan Tribune. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 5 August 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sudan+Tribune&rft.atitle=South+Sudan+flag+finally+raised+before+192+nations+at+UN+in+New+York&rft.date=2011-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sudantribune.com%2FSouth-Sudan-flag-finally-raised%2C39540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiek+Machar" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Riek_Machar" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Riek Machar">Riek Machar</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Reeves, Eric. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120183711/http://allafrica.com/stories/201312290036.html">South Sudan: Riek Machar's End-Game – What Is It?</a>" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120183711/http://allafrica.com/stories/201312290036.html">Archive</a>). <a href="/wiki/Sudan_Tribune" title="Sudan Tribune">Sudan Tribune</a>. 28 December 2013.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&oldid=1283491360">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&oldid=1283491360</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Riek_Machar&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 1 April 2025, at 20:55 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رياك مشار – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رياك مشار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%90%ED%81%AC_%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%A8%EB%A5%B4" title="리에크 마차르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리에크 마차르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="رياك مشار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رياك مشار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A8%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AB" title="リエック・マチャル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リエック・マチャル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80,_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Мачар, Риек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мачар, Риек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Рик Мачар – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рик Мачар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ri%C3%ABk_Mac%C3%A4r" title="Riëk Macär – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Riëk Macär" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Ріек Мачара – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ріек Мачара" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riek_Machar" title="Riek Machar – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Riek Machar" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8A%AE%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE" title="芮克·馬查爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="芮克·馬查爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE" title="里克·馬查爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="里克·馬查爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> <ul id="footer-icons" class="footer-icons"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a 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