Hire and manage employees | U.S. Small Business Administration

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href="/business-guide/manage-your-business/hire-employees-disabilities"> <span>Hire employees with disabilities</span> </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item last"> <a href="/business-guide/grow-your-business"> <span>Grow your business</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="usa-layout-docs__main"> <h1 data-test="title" > <span>Hire and manage employees</span> </h1> <div id="block-sba-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block"> <article class="basic-page"> <div> <div class="basic-page__summary" data-test="pageSummary"> Establish a basic payroll structure to help you hire employees. Then, manage employees properly with a general understanding of state and federal labor laws. </div> <div class="sba-toc sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <hr class="sba-toc__divider-first sba-standard-margin-spacing" role="presentation"> <h2 id="sba-toc-heading" class="sba-toc__heading js-toc-ignore">Content</h2> <nav id="sba-toc__nav" aria-labelledby="sba-toc-heading" class="sba_toc__nav sba-standard-margin-spacing"></nav> <hr role="presentation"> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h2 class="sba-section-headings" id="hire-and-pay-employees"> Hire and pay employees</h2> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Before finding the right person for the job, you’ll need to create a plan for paying employees. Follow these steps to set up payroll:</p> <ol> <li>Get an Employer Identification Number (EIN)</li> <li>Find out whether you need <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="9dd6a21f-800e-4d19-8f29-e81374accdf4" href="/business-guide/launch-your-business/get-federal-state-tax-id-numbers" title="Get federal and state tax ID numbers">state or local tax IDs</a></li> <li>Decide if you want an independent contractor or an employee</li> <li>Ensure new employees return a completed W-4 form</li> <li>Schedule pay periods to coordinate tax withholding for IRS</li> <li>Create a compensation plan for holiday, vacation and leave</li> <li>Choose an in-house or external service for administering payroll</li> <li>Decide who will manage your payroll system</li> <li>Know which records must stay on file and for how long</li> <li>Report payroll taxes as needed on quarterly and annual basis</li> </ol> <p>The IRS maintains the <a href="https://www.irs.gov/publications/p15/index.html">Employer’s Tax Guide</a>, which provides guidance on all federal tax filing requirements that could apply to the obligations for your small business. Check with your state tax agency for employer filing stipulations.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h2 class="sba-section-headings" id="file-taxes-with-employees-or-independent-contractors"> File taxes with employees or independent contractors</h2> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Distinguishing between employees and independent contractors can impact your bottom line, or your total revenue once expenses have been deducted. Your bottom line ultimately impacts <a href="/business-guide/manage-your-business/pay-taxes#id-determine-your-state-tax-obligations">how you withhold taxes</a> and <a href="https://www.sba.gov/business-guide/manage-your-business/stay-legally-compliant">helps you stay legally compliant</a> during tax season. <a href="https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/independent-contractor-self-employed-or-employee">Learn the differences before hiring your first employee</a>.</p> <p>An independent contractor operates under a separate business name from your company and invoices for the work they’ve completed. Independent contractors can sometimes qualify as employees in a legal sense. <a href="https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/guidance/section-2-threshold-issues#2-III-A">The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guide</a> breaks things down so you can make a more informed decision.</p> <p>If your contractor is discovered to meet the legal definition of employee, you may need to pay back taxes and penalties, provide benefits, and reimburse for wages stipulated under the <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/hrg.htm">Fair Labor Standards Act</a>.</p> </div> </div> <section class="sba-image-collection sba-standard-margin-spacing sba-columns--2"> <div class="sba-image-collection__image"> <figure class="sba-image-collection__image-wrapper"> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_collection/public/2018-04/BG_Hire_and_manage_employees.png.webp?itok=-zuUNAdd" width="572" height="542" alt="Infographic explaining that hiring employees is a larger investment" /> </div> <figcaption class="sba-image-collection__caption"> <p>Employees</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <div class="sba-image-collection__image"> <figure class="sba-image-collection__image-wrapper"> <div> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/image_collection/public/2018-04/BG_Hire_and_manage_indepedent_contractors.png.webp?itok=6BUFJOs7" width="572" height="542" alt="Infographic explaining that hiring independent contractors is less expensive" /> </div> <figcaption class="sba-image-collection__caption"> <p>Independent contractors</p> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </section> <aside class="sba-read-more-accordion" aria-labelledby="sba-read-more-accordion--heading-6904"> <h2 id="sba-read-more-accordion--heading-6904" class="sba-read-more-accordion__title">Build your team</h2> <div class="usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered sba-read-more-accordion__accordion"> <h3 id="john-and-kelly-hired-employees-to-help-manage-the-day-to-day-operation-of-their-auto-repair-shop" class="usa-accordion__heading"> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sba-accordion-item" > John and Kelly hired employees to help manage the day-to-day operation of their auto repair shop. </button> </h3> <div id="sba-accordion-item" class="usa-accordion__content"> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>John and Kelly need to establish a payroll structure to hire employees to work at their auto repair shop.</p> <p>They write descriptions for each position they want to fill — clearly defining the responsibilities of each role and the qualifications needed — and post the openings on popular job boards online.</p> <p>John and Kelly set wages for each position, at least meeting their state’s minimum wage requirement.</p> <p>Each new employee completes a W-4 form, which John and Kelly submit to the IR.S. (The IRS requires businesses to keep records of employment taxes for at least four years.) They also complete Form I-9, which requires John and Kelly to examine documents to confirm the employee’s citizenship or eligibility to work in the U.S. (They don’t have to submit this form to the federal government, but they do have to keep them on file.)</p> <p>John and Kelly contact their state tax office to learn about their state tax obligations. They also report their new employees to their state directory within 20 days of the employee hire date, as required by their state.</p> <p>John and Kelly pay for an online payroll service, which automatically calculates how much their employees should be paid each pay period, accounting for tax deductions.</p> <p>John and Kelly have hired employees and established tax records, and have a system in place to pay their employees.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h2 class="sba-section-headings" id="plan-to-offer-employee-benefits"> Plan to offer employee benefits</h2> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Healthcare and other benefits play a significant role in hiring and retaining employees. Some employee benefits are required by law, but others are optional.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h3 class="sba-section-headings" id="required-employee-benefits"> Required employee benefits</h3> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><ul> <li>Social Security taxes: Employers must pay <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/bso/bsowelcome.htm">Social Security taxes</a> at the same rate as their employees.</li> <li>Workers’ Compensation: Required through a commercial carrier, self-insured basis, or <a href="https://www.dol.gov/owcp/">state Workers’ Compensation Program</a>.</li> <li>Disability Insurance: <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/disabilityssi/">Disability pay is required</a> in California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Puerto Rico.</li> <li>Leave benefits: Most leave benefits are optional outside those stipulated in the <a href="https://www.dol.gov/agencies/whd/fmla">Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)</a>.</li> <li>Unemployment insurance: Varies by state, and you may need to register with your state workforce agency.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h3 class="sba-section-headings" id="optional-employee-benefits"> Optional employee benefits</h3> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Your small businesses can offer a complete range of optional benefits to help attract and retain employees. Even if a benefit you offer is optional, it might still have to comply with certain laws if you choose to offer it.</p> <p>Businesses that offer group health plans must comply with federal laws. You can read more about those laws in the <a href="https://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/ebsa/health/employer/index.asp">Department of Labor’s advisory guide</a>.</p> <p>Employees can expand coverage through the Affordable Care Act and some may qualify for benefits via the <a href="https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/health-plans/cobra">Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)</a>. Businesses must extend the option of COBRA benefits to employees who are terminated or laid off. For more information and resources to help small businesses make decisions about health insurance coverage, visit <a href="https://healthcare.gov/small-businesses/">HealthCare.gov</a>.</p> <p>Retirement plans are a very popular employee benefit. Consider offering an employer-sponsored plan like a 401k or a pension plan. The federal government offers a wide range of resources to aid small business owners in <a href="http://webapps.dol.gov/elaws/ebsa/plans/start.asp">choosing their retirement plan and pension</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h3 class="sba-section-headings" id="employee-incentive-programs"> Employee incentive programs</h3> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Employee incentive programs can boost morale and create more draw for open positions. Common incentives include stock options, flex time, wellness programs, corporate memberships, and company events.</p> <p>If your budget allows, you may want to consider investing in benefits administration software to make your accounting process easier and more efficient. Detailing these benefits in the employee handbook helps your staff make decisions, and they can use it as a reference for workplace requirements.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sba-section-headings"> <h2 class="sba-section-headings" id="follow-federal-and-state-labor-laws"> Follow federal and state labor laws</h2> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--text-section paragraph--view-mode--default sba-standard-margin-spacing"> <div class="usa-prose field__item" data-test="fieldItem"><p>Protect workers’ rights and your business by adhering to labor laws, which means you must ensure that business practices align with industry regulations.</p> <p>This includes learning applicable laws for hiring <a href="https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/discrimination/vetsdisc">veterans</a>, <a href="https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/hiring/foreign">foreign workers</a>, <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs79b.htm">household employees</a>, <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/childlabor.htm">child labor</a> and <a href="https://www.dol.gov/odep/pubs/fact/laws.htm">people with disabilities</a>, among others groups. You must also comply when <a href="https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/termination">terminating an employee</a>, laying off workers, or downsizing the company.</p> <p>Consult the Department of Labor’s <a href="https://www.dol.gov/general/aboutdol/majorlaws">federal</a> and <a href="https://www.dol.gov/whd/state/state.htm">state law resources</a>.</p> </div> </div> <section id="block-counselormatchcta" class="sba-call-to-action sba-standard-margin-spacing padding-y-0" style="background-color:#ffffff"> <div class="sba-call-to-action__inner"> <div class="sba-call-to-action__content left dark short"> <h3>Need help? 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