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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_and_audio_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_and_audio_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Video and audio links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_and_audio_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%A5%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="بيان فيديو إخباري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيان فيديو إخباري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/VPR" title="VPR – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="VPR" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7927958#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/16px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/24px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/32px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Journalism" title="Category:Journalism">Category: Journalism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>video news release</b> (<b>VNR</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">video</a> segment made to look like a news report, but is instead created by a <a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">PR</a> firm, advertising agency, marketing firm, <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agency</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a>. They are provided to television newsrooms to shape <a href="/wiki/Public_opinion" title="Public opinion">public opinion</a>, promote commercial products and services, <a href="/wiki/Publicity" title="Publicity">publicize</a> individuals, or support other interests. <a href="/wiki/News_producer" title="News producer">News producers</a> may air VNRs, in whole or in part, at their discretion or incorporate them into news reports if they contain information appropriate to a story or of interest to viewers. </p><p>Critics of VNRs have called the practice deceptive or a <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> technique, particularly when the segment is not identified to the viewers as a VNR. Firms producing VNRs disagree and equate their use to a <a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">press release</a> in video form and point to the fact that editorial judgement in the worthiness, part or whole, of a VNR's content is still left in the hands of journalists, program producers or the like. The United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> is currently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> investigating the practice of VNRs<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details">Details</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most VNRs feature a professional news reporter, someone with on-air news experience, or an <a href="/wiki/Actor" title="Actor">actor</a>. VNRs also often include interviews with experts (who often have legitimate, if biased, expertise); so called "man on the street" interviews with "average" people; and pictures of celebrities, products, service demonstrations, corporate <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">logos</a> and the like, where applicable. In some cases the "man on the street" segments feature persons randomly selected and interviewed spontaneously, and in other cases actors are hired and directed by VNR producers to deliver carefully scripted comments. In addition, regardless of whether real people or professional actors appear, VNR <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">producers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_director" title="Film director">directors</a>, just like <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalists</a>, have complete discretion to excerpt and edit these "interviews" into '<a href="/wiki/Sound_bites" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound bites">sound bites</a>' that help make the point they are trying to make. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_broadcasting">Media broadcasting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Media broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commercial television stations and other media outlets often broadcast only portions of a VNR. Sometimes they use the script provided by the VNR producer but frequently they write their own script. </p><p>In a report released on April 6, 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Media_and_Democracy" title="Center for Media and Democracy">Center for Media and Democracy</a> listed detailed information on 77 television stations that it said had broadcast VNRs in the prior 10 months, and which VNRs had been broadcast. Most of these VNR uses were of partial feeds. However, CMD said that in each case the television station actively disguised the VNR content to make it appear to be its own reporting, and that more than one-third of the time, stations aired the pre-packaged VNR in its entirety.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Business_production_in_the_United_States">Business production in the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Business production in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VNRs have been used extensively in business since at least the early 1980s. Corporations such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Altria_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Altria Group">Philip Morris</a>, and the pharmaceutical industry generally, have all made use of the technique. </p><p>According to the trade-group <a href="/wiki/Public_Relations_Society_of_America" title="Public Relations Society of America">Public Relations Society of America</a>, a VNR is the video equivalent of a press release.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presents a client's case in an attractive, informative format. The VNR placement agency seeks to garner media attention for the client's products, services, brands or other marketing goals. The VNR affords local TV stations free broadcast quality materials for use in reports offered by such stations. </p><p>Public Relations agencies have their video tapes encoded allowing very accurate tracking of where such video is used. (see: <a href="/wiki/SIGMA_(verification_service)" title="SIGMA (verification service)">SIGMA (verification service)</a> for additional information). </p><p>One critic of the VNR technique, John Stauber, an observer and critic of the Public Relations business says, "These fellows are whistling past the graveyard, assuring themselves that this all is no big deal. There was no hint of shame, certainly no apologizing, just apparent disdain for having their business practices dissected on the front page of the New York Times. They are proud of their work."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> reported in March 2005 that "In all, at least 20 federal agencies, including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a>, have made and distributed hundreds of television news segments in the past four years, records and interviews show. Many were subsequently broadcast on local stations across the country without any acknowledgement of the government's role in their production."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A VNR financed by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Health and Human Services">Department of Health and Human Services</a> was aired on a number of local news programs around the country, as conventional journalism when in fact, it was produced to promote the new <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> plan. The creation of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Ryan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Ryan (page does not exist)">Karen Ryan</a> video, named so because of the on-screen "reporter," was ruled in May 2004 to be in violation of federal law by the <a href="/wiki/General_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="General Accounting Office">General Accounting Office</a> (GAO), the investigative arm of the U.S. government.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In September, 2005, the GAO concluded that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Department of Education</a> had violated the law when it distributed a similar video news release using Karen Ryan as a "reporter" touting the <a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind" class="mw-redirect" title="No Child Left Behind">No Child Left Behind</a> program of the Bush administration. In May 2003 the Department had hired the <a href="/wiki/Ketchum_Inc." title="Ketchum Inc.">Ketchum</a> public relations firm; the contract specified, among other things, that the firm create "audio products, videos and some print materials that present clear, coherent, targeted messages regarding ED’s programs and that relate to the Department’s legislative initiatives".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A website of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a> informs visitors: "U.S. Census Bureau Video News Feeds are available for creation of state-specific news reports. Targeted comments are provided by Census Bureau Redistricting Data Office Chief, Marshall Turner. Companion notification material includes references to websites for the newly released information. Please contact...Homefront Communications for hardcopies on Betacam SP and faxed/email notification copy."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2020, multiple television stations aired a PR piece produced by <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> that defended its response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, with anchors reading off an identical script vertabatim.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="VNRs_and_U.S._law">VNRs and U.S. law</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: VNRs and U.S. law"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In January 1948, the U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, also known as the <a href="/wiki/Smith-Mundt_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith-Mundt Act">Smith-Mundt Act</a>, was passed by Congress and signed into law by U.S. President <a href="/wiki/Harry_Truman" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Truman">Harry Truman</a>, placing international overseas information activities, including VOA, under an Office of International Information at the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of State">Department of State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In February 2005, the "Stop Government Propaganda Act" was introduced in the U.S. Senate. It was referred to the Judiciary Committee and no further action occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> warned television stations that they could be fined for airing news stories provided by the government and by companies without disclosing who made them.<sup id="cite_ref-Roland_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roland-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2006, FCC chairman <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Martin_(FCC)" title="Kevin Martin (FCC)">Kevin Martin</a> ordered a review of airing of VNRs by television stations, following the April 2006 report by the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Media_and_Democracy" title="Center for Media and Democracy">Center for Media and Democracy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roland_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roland-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In August 2006, the FCC mailed letters to the owners of 77 television stations, asking for information regarding agreements between the stations and the creators of VNRs. The letters also asked whether there was any "<a href="/wiki/Consideration" title="Consideration">consideration</a>" given to the stations in return for airing the material. Stations were given 60 days to respond.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoaxes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoaxes">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infoganda" title="Infoganda">Infoganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Journalism ethics and standards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_propaganda" title="News propaganda">News propaganda</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Farsetta, Diane (March 16, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/fakenews/execsummary">"Fake TV News: Widespread and Undisclosed"</a>. <i>PRwatch.org</i>, Center for Media and Democracy.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040505233456/http://www.prsa.org/_News/leaders/vnrs0404.asp">"Statement of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) on Video News Releases (VNRs)"</a>. <i>Your Leaders Speak Out</i>. <a href="/wiki/Public_Relations_Society_of_America" title="Public Relations Society of America">Public Relations Society of America</a>. April 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prsa.org/_News/leaders/vnrs0404.asp">the original</a> on 2004-05-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Your+Leaders+Speak+Out&rft.atitle=Statement+of+the+Public+Relations+Society+of+America+%28PRSA%29+on+Video+News+Releases+%28VNRs%29&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prsa.org%2F_News%2Fleaders%2Fvnrs0404.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStauber,_John2005" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Stauber" title="John Stauber">Stauber, John</a> (March 16, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/3374">"PR Execs Undeterred by Fake News "Flap"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Media_and_Democracy" title="Center for Media and Democracy">Center for Media and Democracy</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PR+Execs+Undeterred+by+Fake+News+%22Flap%22&rft.date=2005-03-16&rft.au=Stauber%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prwatch.org%2Fnode%2F3374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarstow,_DavidStein,_Robin2005" class="citation news cs1">Barstow, David & Stein, Robin (2005-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50914FC3E580C708DDDAA0894DD404482">"The Message Machine: How the Government Makes News; Under Bush, a New Age of Prepackaged News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Message+Machine%3A+How+the+Government+Makes+News%3B+Under+Bush%2C+a+New+Age+of+Prepackaged+News&rft.date=2005-03-13&rft.au=Barstow%2C+David&rft.au=Stein%2C+Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF50914FC3E580C708DDDAA0894DD404482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.gov/dingell/documents/pdfs/GAO_HHS.pdf">GAO decision - Matter of: Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services—Video News Releases</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061207021448/http://www.house.gov/dingell/documents/pdfs/GAO_HHS.pdf">Archived</a> December 7, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (pdf). File: B-302710. U.S. House of Representatives. May 19, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/decisions/appro/304228.htm">GAO decision B-304228, "Department of Education--No Child Left Behind Act Video News Release and Media Analysis"</a>. U.S. <a href="/wiki/Government_Accounting_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Accounting Office">Government Accounting Office</a>. September 30, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/pubinfo/www/newsfeeds.html">"Video News Feed Information for Redistricting (P.L. 94-171)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. 2001-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Video+News+Feed+Information+for+Redistricting+%28P.L.+94-171%29&rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&rft.date=2001-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpubinfo%2Fwww%2Fnewsfeeds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiberg2020" class="citation web cs1">Maiberg, Lauren Kaori Gurley,Jason Koebler,Emanuel (2020-05-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/4ayvwb/local-news-stations-run-propaganda-segments-scripted-and-produced-by-amazon">"Local News Stations Run Propaganda Segment Scripted and Produced by Amazon"</a>. <i>Vice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-05-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Local+News+Stations+Run+Propaganda+Segment+Scripted+and+Produced+by+Amazon&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft.aulast=Maiberg&rft.aufirst=Lauren+Kaori+Gurley%2CJason+Koebler%2CEmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2F4ayvwb%2Flocal-news-stations-run-propaganda-segments-scripted-and-produced-by-amazon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041104034516/http://voanews.com/english/About/historical-highlights.cfm">"About VOA - VOA History - Historical Highlights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_America" title="Voice of America">Voice of America</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voanews.com/english/About/historical-highlights.cfm">the original</a> on 2004-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Voice+of+America&rft.atitle=About+VOA+-+VOA+History+-+Historical+Highlights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fenglish%2FAbout%2Fhistorical-highlights.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c109:S.+266:">"S.266 -- Stop Government Propaganda Act (Introduced in Senate - IS)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200110202635/https://www.congress.gov/">Archived</a> 2020-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Thomas.loc.gov. February 2, 2005. Retrieved 2011-09-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roland-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Roland_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Roland_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoland2006" class="citation news cs1">Roland, Neil (2006-05-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=10000103&sid=aIeR2Prf88nE&refer=us">"FCC's Martin Orders Probe of TV Stations That Air Ads as News"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg L.P.</a><span class="reference-accessdate"> Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FCC%27s+Martin+Orders+Probe+of+TV+Stations+That+Air+Ads+as+News&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft.aulast=Roland&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D10000103%26sid%3DaIeR2Prf88nE%26refer%3Dus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tv-stations-fake-news-scrutinized/">"TV Stations' 'Fake News' Scrutinized"</a>. CBS News. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. August 16, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TV+Stations%27+%27Fake+News%27+Scrutinized&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Ftv-stations-fake-news-scrutinized%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVideo+news+release" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/decisions/appro/303495.htm#_ftn3">"Office of National Drug Control Policy--Video News Release, B-303495, January 4, 2005"}</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/13/politics/13covert.html?ex=1268456400&en=2e1b834f0ba8a53c&ei=5088">New York Times</a> <i>"Under Bush, a New Age of Prepackaged TV News"</i> (subscription req.)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/wiki.phtml?title=Video_news_releases">Video new releases</a> at <a href="/wiki/SourceWatch" class="mw-redirect" title="SourceWatch">SourceWatch</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zenzibar.com/Articles/corporatepropaganda2.htm">Corporate Propaganda and Media Manipulation, January 26, 2003, By Royce Carlson</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050323150700/http://www.corante.com/brandshift/archives/2005/03/20/brand_propaganda.php">Brand Propaganda, March 20, 2005, by Andy Lark</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_and_audio_links">Video and audio links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Video_news_release&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Video and audio links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onpointradio.org/shows/2005/03/20050317_a_main.asp">A New Age of "Fake News", WBUR 17 March 2005</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060406094657/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=05%2F03%2F14%2F152202">Audio and video coverage of the issue</a> from <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/jan-june05/vnr_5-13.html">PBS report on U.S. Government using VNRs as covert propaganda</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5jLG-LaD4Cs">Judge Jeanine - Owning a gun is my God given right! 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