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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="7e5wcxxK8WcdhDhFAnht6uj8Go+VxOC+f0lfn9uM9Kk4WLtlfjZ6BUS7nJXYrpMWQky87S8NHAtatus+JhxAnQ==" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="&quot;Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement&quot;" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2019/01/01" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Public Seminar" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Alyosha Goldstein" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content=""Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement"" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The graphic convergence of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous violence in the name of self-defense emerges with unmistakable clarity in the recent the “stand your ground” meme featuring sixteen year-old Nick Sandmann wearing his “Make America Great" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s200_alyosha.goldstein.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_" /> <meta property="og:title" content=""Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement"" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The graphic convergence of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous violence in the name of self-defense emerges with unmistakable clarity in the recent the “stand your ground” meme featuring sixteen year-old Nick Sandmann wearing his “Make America Great" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein" /> <meta name="description" content="The graphic convergence of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous violence in the name of self-defense emerges with unmistakable clarity in the recent the “stand your ground” meme featuring sixteen year-old Nick Sandmann wearing his “Make America Great" /> <title>(PDF) "Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement" | Alyosha Goldstein - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732469663000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732469663000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The graphic convergence of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous violence in the name of self-defense emerges with unmistakable clarity in the recent the “stand your ground” meme featuring sixteen year-old Nick Sandmann wearing his “Make America Great Again” baseball hat. The red, white, and blue meme appeared on white nationalist and rightwing social media in the wake of the viral online video of the mostly white Covington Catholic High School students from Kentucky wearing MAGA hats and taunting Nathan Phillips, an elder of the Omaha Tribe, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC on January 18, 2019. The premise “land gets stolen” and the Sandmann “stand your ground” meme together starkly convey the relentless onslaught of racialized colonization, the fantasy of the perpetrators as the real victims, and the obstinate disavowal of the colonial present’s unpaid debts. Here the debt for what has been extracted through processes of colonization and ongoing economies of dispossession shows the inadequacy of current methods of accounting, compensation, and repayment. At the same time, to acknowledge that such debt is unpayable is not to forgo demands for restitution and economic redress. These are unpaid debts in the sense that they are an obligation to take responsibility for complicity in what has been done and to contribute to dismantling colonial and racialized relations of violence and possession. This article is part of a series of texts published on Public Seminar in the lead-up to the Digital/Debt/Empire symposium in Vancouver in late April 2019, convened by Benjamin Anderson, Enda Brophy and Max Haiven.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Alyosha Goldstein"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2019-04-04","dateModified":"2019-04-04","datePublished":"2019-01-01","headline":"\"Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement\"","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Cultural Studies","Social Theory","Native American Studies","American Studies","Race and Racism","African Diaspora Studies","Critical Race Theory","Race and Ethnicity","Nationalism","Colonialism","Property","Ethnic and Racial Studies","Critical Race Theory and Whiteness theory","Empire","Settler Colonial Studies","Accumulation by Dispossession","Policing","United States"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Public 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The red, white, and blue meme appeared on white nationalist and rightwing social media in the wake of the viral online video of the mostly white Covington Catholic High School students from Kentucky wearing MAGA hats and taunting Nathan Phillips, an elder of the Omaha Tribe, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC on January 18, 2019. The premise “land gets stolen” and the Sandmann “stand your ground” meme together starkly convey the relentless onslaught of racialized colonization, the fantasy of the perpetrators as the real victims, and the obstinate disavowal of the colonial present’s unpaid debts. Here the debt for what has been extracted through processes of colonization and ongoing economies of dispossession shows the inadequacy of current methods of accounting, compensation, and repayment. At the same time, to acknowledge that such debt is unpayable is not to forgo demands for restitution and economic redress. These are unpaid debts in the sense that they are an obligation to take responsibility for complicity in what has been done and to contribute to dismantling colonial and racialized relations of violence and possession. This article is part of a series of texts published on Public Seminar in the lead-up to the Digital/Debt/Empire symposium in Vancouver in late April 2019, convened by Benjamin Anderson, Enda Brophy and Max Haiven.","publication_date":"2019,,","publication_name":"Public Seminar"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"\"Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement\"","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [2842469]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58799591,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “"Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement"”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58799591/mini_magick20190404-24467-1sww8vn.png?1554432653" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">"Stolen Land, Standing Ground, and the Viral Spectacle of White Entitlement"</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2842469" href="https://unm.academia.edu/AlyoshaGoldstein"><img alt="Profile image of Alyosha Goldstein" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/2842469/2803461/40302902/s65_alyosha.goldstein.jpg" />Alyosha Goldstein</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2019, Public Seminar</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The graphic convergence of anti-Black and anti-Indigenous violence in the name of self-defense emerges with unmistakable clarity in the recent the “stand your ground” meme featuring sixteen year-old Nick Sandmann wearing his “Make America Great Again” baseball hat. The red, white, and blue meme appeared on white nationalist and rightwing social media in the wake of the viral online video of the mostly white Covington Catholic High School students from Kentucky wearing MAGA hats and taunting Nathan Phillips, an elder of the Omaha Tribe, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC on January 18, 2019. The premise “land gets stolen” and the Sandmann “stand your ground” meme together starkly convey the relentless onslaught of racialized colonization, the fantasy of the perpetrators as the real victims, and the obstinate disavowal of the colonial present’s unpaid debts. Here the debt for what has been extracted through processes of colonization and ongoing economies of dispossession shows the inadequacy of current methods of accounting, compensation, and repayment. At the same time, to acknowledge that such debt is unpayable is not to forgo demands for restitution and economic redress. These are unpaid debts in the sense that they are an obligation to take responsibility for complicity in what has been done and to contribute to dismantling colonial and racialized relations of violence and possession. This article is part of a series of texts published on Public Seminar in the lead-up to the Digital/Debt/Empire symposium in Vancouver in late April 2019, convened by Benjamin Anderson, Enda Brophy and Max Haiven.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58799591,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58799591,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="58799591" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/38715391/_Stolen_Land_Standing_Ground_and_the_Viral_Spectacle_of_White_Entitlement_" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="39646100" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39646100/_EquityOutdoors_Public_Lands_and_the_Decolonial_Mediascape_">"#EquityOutdoors: Public Lands and the Decolonial Mediascape"</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41423079" href="https://potsdam.academia.edu/AshleyReis">Ashley E Reis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Western American Literature , 2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"#EquityOutdoors: Public Lands and the Decolonial Mediascape\"","attachmentId":59810489,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/39646100/_EquityOutdoors_Public_Lands_and_the_Decolonial_Mediascape_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/39646100/_EquityOutdoors_Public_Lands_and_the_Decolonial_Mediascape_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="100918434" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/100918434/Settler_colonial_counterinsurgency_Indigenous_resistance_and_the_more_than_state_policing_of_NoDAPL">Settler colonial counterinsurgency: Indigenous resistance and the more-than-state policing of #NoDAPL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49555060" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/BrunoSeraphin">Bruno Seraphin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Security Dialogue, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In 2016, the US-based private military contractor TigerSwan was denied a license to operate in North Dakota. Nonetheless, it coordinated a counterinsurgency (COIN) campaign employing war-on-terror tactics, brutalizing Indigenous and allied water protectors associated with the Indigenous-led movement to stop the Dakota Access Pipeline (#NoDAPL) on Standing Rock Lakota territory. This article takes COIN as an analytic to show that US settler colonialism is a multilateral, internally conflicted, and anxious mode of power. The settler state both depends upon and disavows anti-Indigenous and anti-Black violence enacted by rogue civilian individuals and organizations, a phenomenon here termed ‘more-than-state policing’. The repression of #NoDAPL was not solely a boomerang by-product of the global war on terror but rather exposes an established infrastructure of settler colonial COIN intrinsic to US normal politics, in which Indigenous resistance and sovereignty are constructed as metastasizing, viral threats to settler colonial legitimacy. As modern COIN warfare has evolved from four centuries of North American settler colonial invasion and governance, settler colonial studies are key to grasping 21st-century topics of war, imperialism, securitization, resource extraction, and climate justice.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Settler colonial counterinsurgency: Indigenous resistance and the more-than-state policing of #NoDAPL","attachmentId":116579587,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/100918434/Settler_colonial_counterinsurgency_Indigenous_resistance_and_the_more_than_state_policing_of_NoDAPL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/100918434/Settler_colonial_counterinsurgency_Indigenous_resistance_and_the_more_than_state_policing_of_NoDAPL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="41887403" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41887403/Theft_is_Property_Dispossession_and_Critical_Theory_Duke_UP_2020_">Theft is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory (Duke UP 2020)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1429767" href="https://ucsc.academia.edu/RobertNichols">Robert Nichols</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Theft is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Drawing on Indigenous peoples' struggles against settler colonialism, Theft Is Property! reconstructs the concept of dispossession as a means of explaining how shifting configurations of law, property, race, and rights have functioned as modes of governance, both historically and in the present. Through close analysis of arguments by Indigenous scholars and activists from the nineteenth century to the present, Robert Nichols argues that dispossession has come to name a unique recursive process whereby systematic theft is the mechanism by which property relations are generated. In so doing, Nichols also brings long-standing debates in anarchist, Black radical, feminist, Marxist, and postcolonial thought into direct conversation with the frequently overlooked intellectual contributions of Indigenous peoples.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Theft is Property! Dispossession and Critical Theory (Duke UP 2020)","attachmentId":62015798,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41887403/Theft_is_Property_Dispossession_and_Critical_Theory_Duke_UP_2020_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41887403/Theft_is_Property_Dispossession_and_Critical_Theory_Duke_UP_2020_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="38848543" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38848543/_We_the_Resilient_Colonizing_Indigeneity_in_the_Era_of_Trump">"We the Resilient": Colonizing Indigeneity in the Era of Trump</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="282481" href="https://ulapland.academia.edu/JulianReid">Julian Reid</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Resilience, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This article addresses the functions of resilience in the political struggles of indigenous peoples against colonialism. 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Calling into question the rationalities shaping the discourse in both regions, the paper argues for a rejection of the concept on account of its implicit racism and compliancy with neoliberal colonialism.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"We the Resilient\": Colonizing Indigeneity in the Era of Trump","attachmentId":58943125,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38848543/_We_the_Resilient_Colonizing_Indigeneity_in_the_Era_of_Trump","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38848543/_We_the_Resilient_Colonizing_Indigeneity_in_the_Era_of_Trump"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="32582406" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32582406/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Time_in_Civil_Disobedience_Discourse">This is Not the Time of Civil Disobedience: Settler Time in Civil Disobedience Discourse</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2246426" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/PhilHenderson">Phil Henderson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This presentation reflects upon the significance of settlers using the language of ‘civil disobedience’ to describe the ongoing standoff against the Dakota Access Pipeline, centred around the Sacred Stone Camp and the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe. I assert that the language of civil disobedience is a not only an inadequate discourse within this context, but it also performs a dangerous re-signification of these events, reinscribing them as contiguous with processes of colonization. This is because the language of civil disobedience, as it is deployed throughout dominant liberal academic literature seems to be inextricably tied to, and instantiate a reification of, the (settler) state. In as much as the canonical literature is concerned, those who commit acts of civil disobedience tend to be conceptually emplaced as subjects within a temporality signified through the state. The civilly disobedient subject(s) are not viewed as resistant to the prevailing political order: they are emplaced within the state and within the state’s claim to legitimate political obligation. Affixing such discourses to Standing Rock reproduces the logic that the American government is itself a given or apolitical body. This works to disappear the processes of historic and ongoing settler colonization by normalizing the settler colony’s claim to authoritative rule over Indigenous peoples. I propose the ethical and political imperative of abandoning discourses of civil disobedience, in favour of those that more fully respect the anticolonial struggle at Standing Rock.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"This is Not the Time of Civil Disobedience: Settler Time in Civil Disobedience Discourse","attachmentId":52759513,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32582406/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Time_in_Civil_Disobedience_Discourse","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32582406/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Time_in_Civil_Disobedience_Discourse"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="81899464" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81899464/Cultivating_the_Soil_of_White_Nationalism_Settler_Violence_and_Whiteness_as_Territory">Cultivating the Soil of White Nationalism: Settler Violence and Whiteness as Territory</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56694334" href="https://mcgill.academia.edu/DallasJokic">Dallas Jokic</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Critical Race Inquiry, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper considers the emergence of white nationalist movements in Canada and their relationship to settler colonialism. How do ideas of Canada as a white nation, and fear mongering about white Canadians being “replaced” come to be so effective in a context in which white people have typically been the replacers themselves? While the Canadian state frames itself as multicultural, many of its laws and practices cultivate white nationalist beliefs, affects, and feelings. The state informally deputizes white settlers as owners and protectors of private property and uses them to dispossess Indigenous peoples from their land in order to appropriate it. This deputization protects both the material territory of the state and the affective and ideological justification for the continuation of settler colonialism. Private ownership of land cannot be understood merely as a legal capitalist relation, but is feltby many settlers as a deep, primordial connection to the land. Acts of settler vi...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cultivating the Soil of White Nationalism: Settler Violence and Whiteness as Territory","attachmentId":87781952,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/81899464/Cultivating_the_Soil_of_White_Nationalism_Settler_Violence_and_Whiteness_as_Territory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/81899464/Cultivating_the_Soil_of_White_Nationalism_Settler_Violence_and_Whiteness_as_Territory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="40610240" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40610240/SETTLER_RESPONSIBILITY_Respatializing_Dissent_in_America_Beyond_Continental_Borders">SETTLER RESPONSIBILITY: Respatializing Dissent in "America" Beyond Continental Borders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66906087" href="https://usc.academia.edu/RebekahGarrison">Rebekah Garrison</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Shima, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Settler responsibility is a worldview grounded in profound relationships, exchanges, and solidarities between Indigenous and non-native communities. When put into practice, settler responsibility requires constant collaboration, articulation, and radical care to support a rich re-envisioning of peace and justice. Through a critique of white settler colonial discourse, I demonstrate that shared histories of US imperialism link Caribbean and Pacific Islands. Building upon kuʻualoha hoʻomanawanui's notion of kuleana consciousness, I argue that decolonial awareness in local spaces is a necessary step towards creating better worlds. Applying the Hawaiian concept of kuleana, my qualitative and archival findings from Bieke (Vieques), Guåhan (Guam), and Hawaiʻi calls settlers to deepen our approaches and ethical responsibilities to the Indigenous peoples whose lands we occupy. Bringing to the fore that Indigenous movements for demilitarisation respatialise dissent in "America" beyond continental borders, I seek to raise white settler consciousness about our own ignorance of these islands, histories, and peoples.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SETTLER RESPONSIBILITY: Respatializing Dissent in \"America\" Beyond Continental Borders","attachmentId":60888890,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40610240/SETTLER_RESPONSIBILITY_Respatializing_Dissent_in_America_Beyond_Continental_Borders","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40610240/SETTLER_RESPONSIBILITY_Respatializing_Dissent_in_America_Beyond_Continental_Borders"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="30537817" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30537817/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Representations_of_Standing_Rock_and_the_Temporality_of_Civil_Disobedience">This is Not the Time of Civil Disobedience: Settler Representations of Standing Rock and the Temporality of Civil Disobedience</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2246426" href="https://utoronto.academia.edu/PhilHenderson">Phil Henderson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">What is happening at Iŋyaŋ Wakháŋagapi Othí (which is located near to the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe’s reservation in so-called North Dakota) has been widely hailed as the largest gathering of Indigenous peoples in a generation, or more. Yet, despite that, settlers continue to prove either unable or unwilling to represent this standoff adequately in our media and popular discourses. In this paper I am interested in parsing the discursive significance that is played by the language of ‘civil disobedience’ as it is applied to the Standing Rock standoff in particular; however, I believe my analysis may also be applicable elsewhere. It is my central contention that while the language of civil disobedience may occasionally be deployed by water protectors themselves for the strategic purposes of harm reduction - establishing an appeal for legal accommodation - I believe that settlers who seek to ally themselves with this cause are responsible for utilizing and propagating the more radical, and consciously anti-colonial, discourses developed both at Standing Rock and over the centuries of resistance struggles. This shift in our discourse is imperative, first and foremost, because it is asked of us by those whose bodies are directly in harm’s way. It is also imperative because the hegemonic language of civil disobedience is at once inadequately equipped for describing this situation in its full complexity and, moreover, such a language carries connotations and implications that reify the settler state’s colonial relationship towards Indigenous peoples generally, and the Sioux in particular. This, I assert, is because the language of civil disobedience sustains a system of signification premised on, and reproduced through, the temporality of the settler state. Unpublished; All Rights Reserved; Do Not Copy, Print or Site without the express permission of the Author</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"This is Not the Time of Civil Disobedience: Settler Representations of Standing Rock and the Temporality of Civil Disobedience","attachmentId":50981397,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30537817/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Representations_of_Standing_Rock_and_the_Temporality_of_Civil_Disobedience","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30537817/This_is_Not_the_Time_of_Civil_Disobedience_Settler_Representations_of_Standing_Rock_and_the_Temporality_of_Civil_Disobedience"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3242943" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3242943/Dissertation_Disrupting_Race_Claiming_Colonization_Collective_Remembering_and_Rhetorical_Colonialism_in_Negotiating_Native_American_Identities_in_the_U_S">Dissertation! Disrupting Race, Claiming Colonization: Collective Remembering and Rhetorical Colonialism in Negotiating (Native)American Identities in the U.S.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2759" href="https://colorado.academia.edu/ChristyDaleSims">Christy-Dale Sims</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dissertation! Disrupting Race, Claiming Colonization: Collective Remembering and Rhetorical Colonialism in Negotiating (Native)American Identities in the U.S.","attachmentId":31572992,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3242943/Dissertation_Disrupting_Race_Claiming_Colonization_Collective_Remembering_and_Rhetorical_Colonialism_in_Negotiating_Native_American_Identities_in_the_U_S","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3242943/Dissertation_Disrupting_Race_Claiming_Colonization_Collective_Remembering_and_Rhetorical_Colonialism_in_Negotiating_Native_American_Identities_in_the_U_S"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="34903818" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34903818/The_Whiteness_of_Redmen_Indigenous_Mascots_Social_media_and_an_Antiracist_Intervention">The Whiteness of Redmen: Indigenous Mascots, Social media and an Antiracist Intervention</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1460499" href="https://usask.academia.edu/SheelahMcLean">Sheelah McLean</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Resistance to the use of Indigenous themed mascots in North America has taken a variety of forms over the past several decades. This paper describes and analyses how a new vehicle for resistance, social media, can be integral to dismantling and eradicating racist images of Indigenous peoples. Specifically, this paper focusses on one campaign that questioned a high school sports mascot and team named the " Redmen ". By using examples from social media, the authors demonstrate how White settlers came to rely on the mascot imagery as a way to position themselves as superior and to regulate representations of Indigeneity. The authors' analysis posits that the mascot is in itself a form of racialised colonial violence and they discuss how the name and mascot were protected by and through white settler surveillance and control. To intervene in this discourse of superiority and regulation, the paper describes how an anti-racist approach was used to design a social media campaign that built mass critical consciousness and a network of support within the community. The social media campaign coincided with and rallied support from the grassroots Indigenous Movement, Idle No More. The larger joint effort strategically and effectively redirected the public and critical focus to how the " Redmen " name and logo and other racist Indigenous mascots become normalised. Increased knowledge via social media catalysed a shift in public opinion which ultimately leads to retirement of the team name, logo and mascot.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Whiteness of Redmen: Indigenous Mascots, Social media and an Antiracist Intervention","attachmentId":54764529,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/34903818/The_Whiteness_of_Redmen_Indigenous_Mascots_Social_media_and_an_Antiracist_Intervention","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/34903818/The_Whiteness_of_Redmen_Indigenous_Mascots_Social_media_and_an_Antiracist_Intervention"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58799591,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58799591,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58799591" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="47624145" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47624145/Settler_Responsibility_Respatialising_Dissent_in_America_Beyond_Continental_Borders">Settler Responsibility: Respatialising Dissent in “America” Beyond Continental Borders</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66906087" href="https://usc.academia.edu/RebekahGarrison">Rebekah Garrison</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Shima: The International Journal of 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