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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B8%D9%85_1181" title="مستعر أعظم 1181 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مستعر أعظم 1181" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova_1181" title="Supernova 1181 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supernova 1181" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_1181" title="סופרנובה 1181 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופרנובה 1181" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1181" title="SN 1181 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="SN 1181" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Supernova SN 1181</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pa_30_cropped_(SII)_cleaned_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pa_30_cropped_%28SII%29_cleaned_up.jpg/330px-Pa_30_cropped_%28SII%29_cleaned_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pa_30_cropped_%28SII%29_cleaned_up.jpg/435px-Pa_30_cropped_%28SII%29_cleaned_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Pa_30_cropped_%28SII%29_cleaned_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="422" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pa 30 is the supernova remnant of SN 1181. Here the nebula is seen as long thin filaments radiating out from the central star.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Event type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Type_Iax_supernova" title="Type Iax supernova">Type Iax supernova</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545114?uselang=en#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">between August 4 and August 6, 1181</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constellation" title="Constellation">Constellation</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Right_ascension" title="Right ascension">Right ascension</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">00<sup>h</sup> 53<sup>m</sup> 11.2<sup>s</sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Declination" title="Declination">Declination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+67° 30′ 02.4″</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">J2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Remnant</th><td class="infobox-data">Pa 30</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable features</th><td class="infobox-data">Visible at night for 185 days</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Peak <a href="/wiki/Apparent_magnitude" title="Apparent magnitude">apparent magnitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0?</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">SN 1572</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SN_1181" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:SN 1181">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545114" class="extiw" title="d:Q1545114">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>First observed between August 4 and August 6, 1181, Chinese and Japanese astronomers recorded the <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> now known as <b>SN 1181</b> in eight separate texts. One of only five <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> confidently identified in pre-<a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescopic</a> records,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it appeared in the constellation <a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Cassiopeia</a> and was visible and motionless against the fixed stars for 185 days. <a href="/wiki/F._Richard_Stephenson" title="F. Richard Stephenson">F. R. Stephenson</a> first recognized that the 1181 AD "<a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">guest star</a>" must be a <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>, because such a bright transient that lasts for 185 days and does not move in the sky can only be a galactic supernova.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pa_30">Pa 30</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1181&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Pa 30"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg/250px-IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg/330px-IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg/500px-IRAS_00500%2B6713.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2031" data-file-height="906" /></a><figcaption>A comparison between an observed image (left panel; X-ray image (XMM) and IR contours (WISE)) and schematic picture of IRAS 00500+671<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pa 30</b> was discovered in 2013 by American amateur astronomer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_Patchick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana Patchick (page does not exist)">Dana Patchick</a> while searching for planetary nebulae in <a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a> infrared data.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the 30th nebula discovered by his searches, and as a result it is designated Pa 30. Pa 30 appeared as a nearly-round <a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">nebula</a> roughly 171x156 arc-seconds in size, with an extremely blue central star. Pa 30 refers to both the nebula (originally catalogued as <a href="/wiki/IRAS_00500%2B6713" title="IRAS 00500+6713">IRAS 00500+6713</a>) and the central star (designated as <b>WD J005311</b>). The shell is bright in the <a href="/wiki/Infrared" title="Infrared">infrared</a> and X-rays, but very faint in the <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optical</a>, at first visible only by <a href="/wiki/Light" title="Light">light</a> in the [O III] band. </p><p>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">optical spectroscopy</a> of the central <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">star</a> (designated as WS35) revealed a very hot star with an intense <a href="/wiki/Stellar_wind" title="Stellar wind">stellar wind</a> expanding at a very high velocity of 16,000 km/s and a composition mainly of <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> (with no <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>). The central star was explained as being a supermassive magnetic white dwarf resulting from the merger of two lower mass <a href="/wiki/White_dwarf" title="White dwarf">white dwarfs</a> while the nebula was attributed to the episode of slow matter outflow during the merger.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Follow up <a href="/wiki/X-ray_spectroscopy" title="X-ray spectroscopy">X-ray spectroscopy</a> was the key to unravel the nature of Pa 30 as a supernova remnant. X-ray observations by the <a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> telescope showed that the <a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">nebula</a> is very hot and contains carbon-burning ashes, <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">neon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>. It was also discovered that the central object is X-ray luminous and that it has different chemical composition from the nebula it is immersed within. For the first time it was suggested that Pa 30 is a remnant of a supernova and that the supernova happen about 1000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nebula and the central star of Pa 30 were explained as the remnant of a rare class of supernovae known as "<a href="/wiki/Type_Iax_supernova" title="Type Iax supernova">sub-luminous Type Iax Supernova</a>" that occurred when a CO white dwarf merged with an ONe white dwarf producing an unusual central star in the center of a supernova remnant.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recent observations in the [SII] band also revealed fine filamentary structures within the shell that had not previously been seen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Infrared_(lef)_and_X-ray_(rigth)_image_of_Pa_30.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg/250px-Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg/330px-Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg/500px-Infrared_%28lef%29_and_X-ray_%28rigth%29_image_of_Pa_30.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>Images of Pa 30 (alternatively IRAS 00500+6713) in mid-infrared and X-ray wavelength ranges. <i>Left panel</i>: IR Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) image. <i>Right panel</i>: X-ray XMM-Newton image.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coordinates are in units of RA (J2000) and Dec (J2000) on the horizontal and vertical scales, respectively.</figcaption></figure> <p>A 2021 study measured the expansion velocity of ~1,100 km/s for the nebula from optical spectroscopy of the [S II] doublet. Together with the angular size of Pa 30 and the GAIA distance of 2.3 kpc confirmed that the age of the nebula is approximately 1,000 years. This made Pa 30 the new prime candidate for the remnant of the SN 1181 event.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, the expansion velocity of the nebula and the inferred absolute brightness of the 1181 event are consistent with a Type Iax Supernova making Pa 30 the only SN Iax remnant in our Galaxy and the only one which can be studied in detail. </p><p>Observations with <a href="/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">Keck</a> Cosmic Web Imager spectrograph were published in 2024. The study showed that the expansion of Pa 30 constrained the explosion date to the year <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003115200000000000♠"></span>1152<span style="margin-left:0.3em;"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:85%;text-align:right;">+77<br />−75</span></span></span>, consistent with SN 1181. The observations also revealed that the explosion was likely asymmetric because <a href="/wiki/Redshift" title="Redshift">redshifted</a> filaments are brighter than blueshifted filaments in Pa 30. The observations also confirmed the presence of a cavity at which the filaments end. The filamentary shell has an inner radius of 0.6 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">parsec</a> and an outer radius of 1.0 parsec. These filaments have velocities that are consistent with them being <a href="/wiki/Ballistics" title="Ballistics">ballistic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cunningham2024_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cunningham2024-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With a temperature near 200,000 K,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WD J005311 is among the hottest stars known.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extreme properties of the central star are being powered by the residual radioactive decay of <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel" title="Isotopes of nickel"><sup>56</sup>Ni</a>, where the usual half-life of 6.0 days from electron capture is increased to many centuries due to the nickel being completely ionized.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="3C_58">3C 58</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1181&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 3C 58"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/3C_58" title="3C 58">3C 58</a></div> <p>Before 2013, the only plausible conventional <a href="/wiki/Supernova_remnant" title="Supernova remnant">supernova remnant</a> in the old historical area for the supernova was the supernova remnant 3C 58. This remnant has a <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> and <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-ray</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">pulsar</a> that rotates about 15 times per second. So historically, SN 1181 had been associated with 3C 58 and its pulsar, although many researchers noted that this association is problematic. For example, if the <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> and pulsar are associated, then the star is still rotating about as quickly as it did when it first formed.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/Crab_pulsar" class="mw-redirect" title="Crab pulsar">Crab pulsar</a>, known to be the remnant of the <a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a> <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> in the year 1054, which has lost two-thirds of its <a href="/wiki/Rotational_energy" title="Rotational energy">rotational energy</a> in essentially the same span of time.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The age of the 3C 58 remnant has been estimated by many measures.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kothes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kothes-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most directly, the proper motion of the expanding shell of 3C 58 has been measured three times, resulting in a distance-independent estimated age of around 3500 years. The measures of the decline rate of the radio flux have substantial variability and uncertainty, so they are not useful for estimating the remnant's age. Age estimates involving the remnant's energy and the swept-up mass are both not useful due to large uncertainties with the distance as well as the presumed energetics and densities. The pulsar is offset from the center of 3C 58, implying an age of ~3700 years, although it is possible to be substantially younger if its transverse velocity happens to be high. The pulsar spin-down age is 5380 years. The neutron star cooling age is >5000 years. With these age estimates, 3C 58 is much too old a remnant to be associated with SN 1181. </p><p>The possible sky position of the 1181 supernova has been revised to include additional information on the proximity of the "guest star" to adjacent Chinese constellations, resulting in a greatly smaller error region.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This improved region does not contain 3C 58, because the guest star does not have proximity to two constellations as reported. So SN 1181 is not associated with 3C 58. Rather, this new small region contains Pa 30, which is independently known to be a ~800 year old supernova remnant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1181&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Constrains from ancient Chinese and Japanese observations of SN 1181 (cyan area) and the position of 3C 58 and Pa 30 according to Schaefer 2023[17]"><img alt="Constrains from ancient Chinese and Japanese observations of SN 1181 (cyan area) and the position of 3C 58 and Pa 30 according to Schaefer 2023[17]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png/200px-SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png/300px-SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png/400px-SN_1181_-_Schaefer_2023_Figure_5.png 2x" data-file-width="949" data-file-height="716" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Constrains from ancient Chinese and Japanese observations of SN 1181 (cyan area) and the position of 3C 58 and Pa 30 according to Schaefer 2023<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pa 30 as shown with WISE"><img alt="Pa 30 as shown with WISE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png/200px-IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png/300px-IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png/400px-IRAS_00500%2B6713_WISE.png 2x" data-file-width="416" data-file-height="388" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pa 30 as shown with WISE</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1181&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guest_star_(astronomy)" title="Guest star (astronomy)">Guest star (astronomy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernovae" title="List of supernovae">List of supernovae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supernova_remnants" title="List of supernova remnants">List of supernova remnants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1054" title="SN 1054">SN 1054</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SN_1181&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStephensonGreen2002" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, F. 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Template:Cassiopeia (constellation)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Template talk:Cassiopeia (constellation)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cassiopeia (constellation)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constellation_of_Cassiopeia329" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_(constellation)" title="Cassiopeia (constellation)">Constellation of Cassiopeia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Cassiopeia" title="List of stars in Cassiopeia">List of stars in Cassiopeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_in_Chinese_astronomy" title="Cassiopeia in Chinese astronomy">Cassiopeia in Chinese astronomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">Stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bayer_designation" title="Bayer designation">Bayer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Cassiopeiae" title="Alpha Cassiopeiae">α (Schedar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Cassiopeiae" title="Beta Cassiopeiae">β (Caph)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_Cassiopeiae" title="Gamma Cassiopeiae">γ <i>(Navi/Tsih)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Cassiopeiae" title="Delta Cassiopeiae">δ (Ruchbah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_Cassiopeiae" title="Epsilon Cassiopeiae">ε (Segin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeta_Cassiopeiae" title="Zeta Cassiopeiae">ζ (Fulu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eta_Cassiopeiae" title="Eta Cassiopeiae">η (Achird)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theta_Cassiopeiae" title="Theta Cassiopeiae">θ <i>(Marfak)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iota_Cassiopeiae" title="Iota Cassiopeiae">ι</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_Cassiopeiae" title="Kappa Cassiopeiae">κ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_Cassiopeiae" title="Lambda Cassiopeiae">λ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_Cassiopeiae" title="Mu Cassiopeiae">μ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nu_Cassiopeiae" title="Nu Cassiopeiae">ν</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi_Cassiopeiae" title="Xi Cassiopeiae">ξ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omicron_Cassiopeiae" title="Omicron Cassiopeiae">ο</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi_Cassiopeiae" title="Pi Cassiopeiae">π</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rho_Cassiopeiae" title="Rho Cassiopeiae">ρ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Cassiopeiae" title="Sigma Cassiopeiae">σ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_Cassiopeiae" title="Tau Cassiopeiae">τ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon1_Cassiopeiae" title="Upsilon1 Cassiopeiae">υ<sup>1</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon2_Cassiopeiae" title="Upsilon2 Cassiopeiae">υ<sup>2</sup> (Castula)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phi_Cassiopeiae" title="Phi Cassiopeiae">φ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi_Cassiopeiae" title="Chi Cassiopeiae">χ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psi_Cassiopeiae" title="Psi Cassiopeiae">ψ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omega_Cassiopeiae" title="Omega Cassiopeiae">ω</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Flamsteed_designation" title="Flamsteed designation">Flamsteed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Cassiopeiae" title="1 Cassiopeiae">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Cassiopeiae" title="2 Cassiopeiae">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Cassiopeiae" title="4 Cassiopeiae">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6_Cassiopeiae" title="6 Cassiopeiae">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9_Cassiopeiae" title="9 Cassiopeiae">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Cassiopeiae" title="10 Cassiopeiae">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Cassiopeiae" title="12 Cassiopeiae">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42_Cassiopeiae" title="42 Cassiopeiae">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47_Cassiopeiae" title="47 Cassiopeiae">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48_Cassiopeiae" title="48 Cassiopeiae">48 (A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49_Cassiopeiae" title="49 Cassiopeiae">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_Cassiopeiae" title="50 Cassiopeiae">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54_Cassiopeiae" title="54 Cassiopeiae">54</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Variable_star_designation" class="mw-redirect" title="Variable star designation">Variable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R_Cassiopeiae" title="R Cassiopeiae">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Cassiopeiae" title="S Cassiopeiae">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TZ_Cassiopeiae" title="TZ Cassiopeiae">TZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ_Cassiopeiae" title="WZ Cassiopeiae">WZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YZ_Cassiopeiae" title="YZ Cassiopeiae">YZ (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AO_Cassiopeiae" title="AO Cassiopeiae">AO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AR_Cassiopeiae" title="AR Cassiopeiae">AR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PZ_Cassiopeiae" title="PZ Cassiopeiae">PZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V373_Cassiopeiae" title="V373 Cassiopeiae">V373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V509_Cassiopeiae" title="V509 Cassiopeiae">V509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_22" title="Gliese 22">V547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V669_Cassiopeiae" title="V669 Cassiopeiae">V669</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V705_Cassiopeiae" title="V705 Cassiopeiae">V705</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V762_Cassiopeiae" title="V762 Cassiopeiae">V762</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADS_1359" title="ADS 1359">V773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_223960" title="HD 223960">V819</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_1" title="WR 1">V863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_511" title="HR 511">V987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_224355" title="HD 224355">V1022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Cassiopeiae_2021" title="Nova Cassiopeiae 2021">V1405</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Bright_Star_Catalogue" title="Bright Star Catalogue">HR</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_123" title="HD 123">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_1976" title="HD 1976">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_3240" title="HD 3240">144</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_4222" title="HD 4222">196</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_244" title="HR 244">244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_273" title="HR 273">273</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HR_297" title="HR 297">297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_15920" title="HD 15920">743</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_19275" title="HD 19275">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134" title="HD 219134">8832</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219623" title="HD 219623">8853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_220074" title="HD 220074">8881</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Catalogue" title="Henry Draper Catalogue">HD</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_861" title="HD 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_7924" title="HD 7924">7924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_7977" title="HD 7977">7977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_15558" title="HD 15558">15558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_17156" title="HD 17156">17156 (Nushagak)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_18391" title="HD 18391">18391</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240210" title="HD 240210">240210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240237" title="HD 240237">240237</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240429_and_HD_240430" title="HD 240429 and HD 240430">240429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240429_and_HD_240430" title="HD 240429 and HD 240430">240430</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BD%2B60%C2%B02522" title="BD+60°2522">BD+60°2522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_49" title="Gliese 49">Gliese 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRAS_23304%2B6147" title="IRAS 23304+6147">IRAS 23304+6147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LS_I_%2B61_303" title="LS I +61 303">LS I +61 303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C_58" title="3C 58">PSR J0205+6449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tycho_G" title="Tycho G">Tycho G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4U_0142%2B61" title="4U 0142+61">4U 0142+61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_2" title="WR 2">WR 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WR_3" title="WR 3">WR 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Exoplanets14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Exoplanet" title="Exoplanet">Exoplanets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_7924_b" title="HD 7924 b">HD 7924 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_17156_b" title="HD 17156 b">HD 17156 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_b" title="HD 219134 b">HD 219134 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_c" title="HD 219134 c">c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_d" title="HD 219134 d">d</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_h" title="HD 219134 h">e (h)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_f" title="HD 219134 f">f</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_219134_g" title="HD 219134 g">g</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240210_b" title="HD 240210 b">HD 240210 b</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_240237_b" title="HD 240237 b">HD 240237 b</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Star_clusters17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Star_cluster" title="Star cluster">Star clusters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messier_52" title="Messier 52">Messier 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_103" title="Messier 103">Messier 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_103" title="NGC 103">NGC 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_110" title="NGC 110">NGC 110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_129" title="NGC 129">NGC 129</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_133" title="NGC 133">NGC 133</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_136" title="NGC 136">NGC 136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_146" title="NGC 146">NGC 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_189" title="NGC 189">NGC 189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_225" title="NGC 225">NGC 225</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_358" title="NGC 358">NGC 358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_366" title="NGC 366">NGC 366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_381" title="NGC 381">NGC 381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_433" title="NGC 433">NGC 433</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_436" title="NGC 436">NGC 436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_457" title="NGC 457">NGC 457</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_559" title="NGC 559">NGC 559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_637" title="NGC 637">NGC 637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_654" title="NGC 654">NGC 654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_659" title="NGC 659">NGC 659</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_663" title="NGC 663">NGC 663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_1027" title="NGC 1027">NGC 1027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7789" title="NGC 7789">NGC 7789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7790" title="NGC 7790">NGC 7790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpler_3" title="Trumpler 3">Trumpler 3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Nebula" title="Nebula">Nebulae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px"><a href="/wiki/New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_281" title="NGC 281">281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_7635" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 7635">7635</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3C_58" title="3C 58">3C 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_A" title="Cassiopeia A">Cassiopeia A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_Nebula" title="Heart Nebula">Heart Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_289" title="IC 289">IC 289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_1805" class="mw-redirect" title="IC 1805">IC 1805</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KjPn_8" title="KjPn 8">KjPn 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LBN_114.55%2B00.22" title="LBN 114.55+00.22">LBN 114.55+00.22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh_2-185" title="Sh 2-185">Sh 2-185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerhout_5" title="Westerhout 5">Westerhout 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:55px"><a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">Galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">NGC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_147" title="NGC 147">147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_185" title="NGC 185">185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_278" title="NGC 278">278</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:70px">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Andromeda VII">Andromeda VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C_20" title="3C 20">3C 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3C_35" title="3C 35">3C 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwingeloo_1" title="Dwingeloo 1">Dwingeloo 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwingeloo_2" title="Dwingeloo 2">Dwingeloo 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MB_3" title="MB 3">MB 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IC_10" title="IC 10">IC 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffei_1" title="Maffei 1">Maffei 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maffei_2" title="Maffei 2">Maffei 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QSO_B0153%2B744" title="QSO B0153+744">QSO B0153+744</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Astronomical_events52" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:151px;background: #ddddff;"><a href="/wiki/Transient_astronomical_event" class="mw-redirect" title="Transient astronomical event">Astronomical events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SN 1181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1572" title="SN 1572">SN 1572 (B)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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