CINXE.COM

<!doctype html>      <html lang="en-US">  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0" /> <title>Journal of Olympic History11 May 2023 | International Society of Olympic Historians – ISOH</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://isoh.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/favicon-16x16-1.png" type="image/x-icon" />  <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.paypalobjects.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Society of Olympic Historians - ISOH » Feed" href="https://isoh.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Society of Olympic Historians - ISOH » Comments Feed" href="https://isoh.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="International Society of Olympic Historians - ISOH » Journal of Olympic History11 May 2023 Comments Feed" href="https://isoh.org/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023/feed/" />     <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='scap.flashblock-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/compact-wp-audio-player/css/flashblock.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='scap.player-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/compact-wp-audio-player/css/player.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='iphorm-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/css/styles.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='qtip-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/qtip2/jquery.qtip.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='iphorm-uniform-theme-1-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/uniform/themes/default/default.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='iphorm-theme-1-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/themes/light/rounded.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='parent-style-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='style-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere-child/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fonts-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere/css/font.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-revslider-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere/css/revslider.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-gf-oswald-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Oswald%3A400%2C300%2C700&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-gf-droidserif-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Droid+Serif%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-gf-opensans-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans%3A300italic%2C400italic%2C600italic%2C700italic%2C800italic%2C400%2C300%2C600%2C700%2C800' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-gf-arimo-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Arimo%3A400%2C700%2C400italic%2C700italic' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dd-gf-bitter-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Bitter%3A400%2C700%2C400italic' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-members-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-members/assets/css/forms/generic-no-float.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='relevanssi-live-search-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/relevanssi-live-ajax-search/assets/styles/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-ui-standard-css-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/squelch-tabs-and-accordions-shortcodes/css/jquery-ui/jquery-ui-1.13.2/humanity/jquery-ui.min.css' type='text/css' media='' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='squelch_taas-css' href='https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/squelch-tabs-and-accordions-shortcodes/css/squelch-tabs-and-accordions.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/compact-wp-audio-player/js/soundmanager2-nodebug-jsmin.js" id="scap.soundmanager2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/iphorm.js" id="iphorm-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere-child/js/main.js" id="main-child-js-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://isoh.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://isoh.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.1" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://isoh.org/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://isoh.org/?p=6542' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://isoh.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fisoh.org%2Fcause-view%2Fjournal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://isoh.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fisoh.org%2Fcause-view%2Fjournal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023%2F&format=xml" />  <meta property="og:title" content="Journal of Olympic History11 May 2023"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://isoh.org/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023/"> <meta property="og:description" content="ISOH President Christian Wacker remembers Edson Arantes Do Nascimento, better known as Pele, who never competed in the Olympics but carried the Olympic Flame in Rio de Janeiro with great emotion a…"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1024"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="456"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/site.webmanifest"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#5bbad5"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#da532c"> <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/browserconfig.xml"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><style>#header { background: none repeat scroll 0 0 #998031; position: relative; } #nav .sf-menu > li > a { color: #333; letter-spacing: normal; } #header-social { color: #545454; } blockquote p { font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; } .cause-info-links a.dd-button.green, .cause-info-links span { display: none; } #footer a.dd-button.cause-info-link-donate.green.small { display: none; } ul { list-style-type: disc; margin-left: 30px; } .honormember .newrow h4 { text-align: center; } .squelch-taas-override.squelch-taas-accordion .ui-accordion-content a:hover { color: #c00; } .articleauthor { font-weight: bold; line-height: 2; } a.dd-button.orange-light.small { color: #fff; } .squelch-taas-toggle .ui-accordion-header, .squelch-taas-accordion .ui-accordion-header { padding: .5em 0 .5em 2.2em; } .wp-caption p.wp-caption-text { text-align: left; } .audio-bar { display:inline-block; float: left; vertical-align:middle; } .clip-time { display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; font-style: italic; padding: 0 0 0 1em; } .cause-single-title { visibility: hidden; } #footer .widget li { list-style-type: none; } #sub-header ul li { list-style-type: none; } #pay-dues-by-paypal { font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1; padding: 0 10px 10px 10px; width: 50%; align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } .page-template-template-donate-php .lb-overlay-or, .page-template-template-donate-php .section-title-2, .page-template-template-donate-php .causes, .page-template-template-donate-php .lb-overlay-title, .page-template-template-donate-php .lb-overlay-descr { display: none; } p#restriketf { color: red; text-align: center; font-weight: bold; } .wp-caption { padding-right: 2px; } div.audio-bar { width: 682px; } #olympic_list1, #olympic_list2, select { color: #7d7171 !important; } /* Changes CSS in 404.php file */ .lb-overlay-descr { font-size: 20px; font-weight: bold; } #flexslider-slider .slide-info-inner { width: 527px; height: 100px; } #flexslider-slider .slide-title { font-size: 1.75rem; } #search-content H3 { color: #E52322; padding-top: 20px; } .blog-post-author { padding-bottom: 10px; } .sponsors.sponsors-listing.masonry.clearfix h1,h2,h3,H4,p,ul,li { color: #998031; } h1.page-single-title { color: #998031; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold; font-size: 38px; } .staff-member-title a { text-align: left; /* Ensures the text is left-aligned */ color: #998031; /* Sets the text color */ line-height: 1.1; /* Adjusts the line height to make it smaller */ text-transform: uppercase; /* Makes the text all uppercase */ } .staff-member-main { padding-top: 25px; padding-right: 0; padding-bottom: 25px; padding-left: 0; } .staff-member-single-title {color: #998031; /* Sets the text color */} .staff-member-excerpt { text-align: left; /* Ensures the text is left-aligned */ } #sub-header-staff { display: none; } /* Show arrows on laptop for all MetaSlider slideshows */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .metaslider .flex-direction-nav { display: block !important; } } /* Show dots (navigation) on laptop for all MetaSlider slideshows */ @media only screen and (min-width: 1024px) { .metaslider .flex-control-nav { display: block !important; } } /* Optional: Ensure that arrows and navigation are always visible regardless of MetaSlider-specific classes */ .metaslider.hide-arrows-laptop .flex-direction-nav, .metaslider.hide-navigation-laptop .flex-control-nav { display: block !important; }</style><style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-columns/css/easy-columns.css" type="text/css" media="screen, projection" /> <script> var olympicajax = {"url":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"3c8bfac67a","list1":"Olympic Games","list2":1,"baseurl":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/?page_id=1122"} </script> </head> <body class="dd_causes-template-default single single-dd_causes postid-6542 dd-responsive dd-cause-don-amount-disabled dd-cause-don-perc-disabled dd-cause-don-info-disabled locale-en-us page-id-6542"> <div id="page-container"> <header id="header"> <div id="header-inner" class="container clearfix"> <div class="top-header"> <div class="cols"> <div id="logo"> <a href="https://isoh.org/" title="International Society of Olympic Historians – ISOH" rel="home"> <img src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ISOH-Logo-HORZ-white-on-transparent-274-1.png" alt="International Society of Olympic Historians – ISOH" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="cols"> <nav id="nav" class="clearfix"> <div class="menu-first-row-container"><ul id="menu-first-row" class="primary-1 sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-962"><a href="http://isoh.org">HOME</a></li> <li id="menu-item-969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-969"><a href="https://isoh.org/about/">ABOUT US</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-972"><a href="https://isoh.org/staff-4-columns/">Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4595" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4595"><a href="https://isoh.org/new-isoh-strategy-2020-2024/">ISOH Strategy 2020-2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-971"><a href="https://isoh.org/constitution/">Constitution</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9155" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9155"><a href="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/Code-of-Ethics.pdf">Code of Ethics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2654" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2654"><a href="https://isoh.org/meetings/">Meetings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-997" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-997"><a href="https://isoh.org/hot-off-the-press/">HOT OFF THE PRESS</a></li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-second-row-container"><ul id="menu-second-row" class="primary-2 sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-984" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-984"><a href="https://isoh.org/journal/">JOURNAL</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2483" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2483"><a href="https://isoh.org/journal-digital-versions/">Journal (Digital Versions)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1070" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1070"><a href="https://isoh.org/guidelines-for-manuscripts/">Guidelines</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2281" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2281"><a href="https://isoh.org/selections/">Selections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2132" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2132"><a href="https://isoh.org/archives-journal/">ARCHIVES</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1135" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1135"><a href="https://isoh.org/archives-journal/">Journal Search</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4057" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4057"><a href="https://isoh.org/olympic-world-library/">Olympic World Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1134" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1134"><a href="https://isoh.org/archives-oral-history-audio-recordings/">Audio Recordings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-9053"><a href="#">Other Historical Documents</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-5988" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-5988"><a href="https://isoh.org/isoh-awards/">ISOH Awards</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5987"><a href="https://isoh.org/isoh-lifetime-awards/">Lifetime Awards</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5986"><a href="https://isoh.org/vikelas-plaque/">Vikelas Plaque</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5985" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5985"><a href="https://isoh.org/honorary-members-2/">Honorary Members</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> <div class="menu-third-row-container"><ul id="menu-third-row" class="primary-3 sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-2262" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-2262"><a href="https://isoh.org/join-isoh/">MEMBERSHIP & DUES</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2261"><a href="https://isoh.org/join-isoh/">Membership Application</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2215" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2215"><a href="https://isoh.org/pay-your-dues/">Payment of Dues</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-975"><a href="https://isoh.org/links/">LINKS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2079" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2079"><a href="https://isoh.org/contact/">CONTACT</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> <nav id="mobile-nav"> <select><option value="http://isoh.org" >HOME</option><option value="https://isoh.org/about/" >ABOUT US</option><option value="https://isoh.org/staff-4-columns/" >Staff</option><option value="https://isoh.org/new-isoh-strategy-2020-2024/" >ISOH Strategy 2020-2024</option><option value="https://isoh.org/constitution/" >Constitution</option><option value="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/Code-of-Ethics.pdf" >Code of Ethics</option><option value="https://isoh.org/meetings/" >Meetings</option><option value="https://isoh.org/hot-off-the-press/" >HOT OFF THE PRESS</option><option value="https://isoh.org/journal/" >JOURNAL</option><option value="https://isoh.org/journal-digital-versions/" >Journal (Digital Versions)</option><option value="https://isoh.org/guidelines-for-manuscripts/" >Guidelines</option><option value="https://isoh.org/selections/" >Selections</option><option value="https://isoh.org/archives-journal/" >ARCHIVES</option><option value="https://isoh.org/archives-journal/" >Journal Search</option><option value="https://isoh.org/olympic-world-library/" >Olympic World Library</option><option value="https://isoh.org/archives-oral-history-audio-recordings/" >Audio Recordings</option><option value="#" >Other Historical Documents</option><option value="https://isoh.org/isoh-awards/" >ISOH Awards</option><option value="https://isoh.org/isoh-lifetime-awards/" >Lifetime Awards</option><option value="https://isoh.org/vikelas-plaque/" >Vikelas Plaque</option><option value="https://isoh.org/honorary-members-2/" >Honorary Members</option><option value="https://isoh.org/join-isoh/" >MEMBERSHIP & DUES</option><option value="https://isoh.org/join-isoh/" >Membership Application</option><option value="https://isoh.org/pay-your-dues/" >Payment of Dues</option><option value="https://isoh.org/links/" >LINKS</option><option value="https://isoh.org/contact/" >CONTACT</option></select> <div id="mobile-nav-hook">GO TO...</div> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <div id="bottom-header"> <div class="container"> <div class="rows"> <div class="b-h-container"> <div class="eight columns offset-by-eight"> <div class="three columns">  <div id="header-social"> <ul class="social-icons"> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/ISOHOlympic"><span class="icon-social-twitter"></span></a></li> <li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/ISOHOlympic/"><span class="icon-social-facebook"></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/groups/1992626"><span class="icon-social-linkedin"></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/isoholympic/"><span class="icon-social-instagram"></span></a></li> <li class="header-search"> <a href="#"><span class="icon-search"></span></a> <div class="header-search-container"> <form method="get" class="searchform" action="https://isoh.org/" role="search"> <input type="text" name="s" class="header-search-input" placeholder="SEARCH THE SITE" /> </form> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="four columns"> <div id="header-user-links"> <div class="cols"> <a href="https://isoh.org/?page_id=2270">SIGN IN</a> </div> <div class="cols"> <a href="https://isoh.org/?page_id=2265">REGISTER</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sub-header"> <div id="sub-header-inner" class="container clearfix"> <div class="sub-header" id="sub-header-cause"> <div class="fl"><a href="https://isoh.org/causes/"><span class="icon-list"></span>VIEW ALL ARTICLES</a></div> <div class="fr clearfix"> <a href="https://isoh.org/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history16-march-2022/" class="fl no-border-right"><span class="icon-chevron-left"></span>PREVIOUS ARTICLE</a> <a href="https://isoh.org/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history20-september-2023/" class="fr">NEXT ARTICLE<span class="icon-chevron-right"></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <section id="main"> <div class="container clearfix"> <div id="content" class=""> <div class="cause-single"> <div class="cause-single-main"> <h1 class="cause-single-title"><em>Journal of Olympic History</em></br>11 May 2023</h1> <div class="cause-content clearfix"> <h1 style="text-align: center;"><strong><em><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-6543 size-full aligncenter" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1.jpg" alt="" width="1024" height="456" srcset="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1.jpg 1024w, https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1-300x134.jpg 300w, https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1-768x342.jpg 768w, https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1-580x258.jpg 580w, https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1-380x169.jpg 380w, https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/may-11-2023-cover-1024x456-1-280x125.jpg 280w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" />Journal of Olympic History</em><br /> 11 May 2023<br /> </strong></h1> <p style="text-align: center;">Members of ISOH may read this issue of the <em>Journal of Olympic History</em> by clicking <a href="https://isoh.org/journal-digital-versions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p> <p> </p> </div> <div id="post-pagination"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="separator-medium"></div> <section id="comments"> <p class="align-center">There are no comments published yet.</p> <div class="separator-small"></div> </section> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">Leave a Comment <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023/#respond" style="display:none;">cancel</a></small></h3><p class="must-log-in">You must be <a href="https://isoh.org/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fisoh.org%2Fcause-view%2Fjournal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023%2F">logged in</a> to post a comment.</p> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div>  <footer id="footer"> <div id="footer-banner" data-bg-image="https://isoh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/footer-flag-banner.jpg"> <div id="footer-banner-inner" class="container"> <h2 id="footer-banner-title">Would you like to learn more about the history of the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games?</h2> <div id="footer-banner-description"><span></span></div> <a href="https://isoh.org/?page_id=2038" class="dd-button green big">JOIN NOW</a> </div> </div> <div id="footer-main"> <div id="footer-primary-inner" class="container clearfix"> <div id="text-2" class="widget one-third column columns widget_text"><h3 class="widget-title">Your Privacy Is Important to Us</h3> <div class="textwidget"><p>We may collect the following information: email address; demographic information such as postcode, preferences and interests; other information relevant to customer surveys and/or offers. We are committed to ensuring that your information is secure. In order to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure we have put in place suitable physical, electronic and managerial procedures to safeguard and secure the information we collect online. <a href="https://isoh.org/privacy-policy">Read More</a></p> <p>Copyright 2003-2023 International Society of Olympic Historians</p> <p>Site design by <a href="https://www.markmaestrone.com">Mark Maestrone Internet Solutions</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="pro_recent_post-3" class="widget one-third column columns widget_pro_recent_post"> <h3 class="widget-title">Recent Posts</h3> <ul> <li> <a href="https://isoh.org/antonides-book-1-chapter-9/" title="Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 9">Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 9</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://isoh.org/antonides-book-1-chapter-8/" title="Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 8">Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 8</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://isoh.org/antonides-book-1-chapter-7/" title="Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 7">Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 7</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://isoh.org/antonides-book-1-chapter-6/" title="Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 6">Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 6</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-colors"> <div class="multicol-colors"> <ul class="clearfix"> <li data-color="#0081C8"></li> <li data-color="#FC8131"></li> <li data-color="#00A651"></li> <li data-color="#EE334E"></li> </ul> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="lb-overlay-donate" class="lb-overlay"> <div class="lb-overlay-inner"> <div class="lb-overlay-title">Change in Theme Options or on the cause edit page</div> <div class="lb-overlay-descr">Change in Theme Options or on the cause edit page</div> <div class="lb-overlay-form"> <form action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post"> <div class="lb-overlay-form-amount"> <input name="amount" type="number" value="50" min="1" /> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_xclick"> <input type="hidden" name="business" value="jgrasso@frontiernet.net"> <input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="Antonides – Book 1 – Chapter 6"> <input type="hidden" name="item_number" value="9358"> <input type="hidden" name="currency_code" value="USD"> <input type="hidden" name="return" value="https://isoh.org/antonides-book-1-chapter-6/?processed=yes"> <input type="hidden" name="notify_url" value="https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere/inc/ipn.php"> <span class="lb-overlay-form-amount-ccode">$</span> <span class="lb-overlay-form-amount-cname">USD</span> </div> <div class="lb-overlay-form-submit"> <a href="#">DONATE VIA PAYPAL</a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="lb-overlay-sign-in" class="lb-overlay"> <div class="lb-overlay-inner"> <div class="lb-overlay-title">Change this in Theme Options</div> <div class="lb-overlay-descr">Change this in Theme Options</div> <div class="lb-overlay-form"> <form method="post" id="dd-login-submit-form"> <div class="lb-overlay-form-user"> <input type="text" value="" name="dd_login_user" placeholder="USERNAME"> </div> <div class="lb-overlay-form-pass"> <input type="password" value="" name="dd_login_pass" placeholder="PASSWORD"> </div> <div class="lb-overlay-form-submit"> <a href="#" class="dd-login-submit-hook">SIGN IN</a> <input type="submit" id="dd-login-submit"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="dd_login_redirect" value="/cause-view/journal-of-olympic-history11-may-2023/" /> <input type="hidden" name="dd_login_nonce" value="51a72dea6f"/> </form> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> soundManager.useFlashBlock = true; // optional - if used, required flashblock.css soundManager.url = 'https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/compact-wp-audio-player/swf/soundmanager2.swf'; function play_mp3(flg, ids, mp3url, volume, loops) { //Check the file URL parameter value var pieces = mp3url.split("|"); if (pieces.length > 1) {//We have got an .ogg file too mp3file = pieces[0]; oggfile = pieces[1]; //set the file URL to be an array with the mp3 and ogg file mp3url = new Array(mp3file, oggfile); } soundManager.createSound({ id: 'btnplay_' + ids, volume: volume, url: mp3url }); if (flg == 'play') { soundManager.play('btnplay_' + ids, { onfinish: function() { if (loops == 'true') { loopSound('btnplay_' + ids); } else { document.getElementById('btnplay_' + ids).style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('btnstop_' + ids).style.display = 'none'; } } }); } else if (flg == 'stop') { //soundManager.stop('btnplay_'+ids); soundManager.pause('btnplay_' + ids); } } function show_hide(flag, ids) { if (flag == 'play') { document.getElementById('btnplay_' + ids).style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('btnstop_' + ids).style.display = 'inline'; } else if (flag == 'stop') { document.getElementById('btnplay_' + ids).style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('btnstop_' + ids).style.display = 'none'; } } function loopSound(soundID) { window.setTimeout(function() { soundManager.play(soundID, {onfinish: function() { loopSound(soundID); }}); }, 1); } function stop_all_tracks() { soundManager.stopAll(); var inputs = document.getElementsByTagName("input"); for (var i = 0; i < inputs.length; i++) { if (inputs[i].id.indexOf("btnplay_") == 0) { inputs[i].style.display = 'inline';//Toggle the play button } if (inputs[i].id.indexOf("btnstop_") == 0) { inputs[i].style.display = 'none';//Hide the stop button } } } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var relevanssi_rt_regex = /(&|\?)_(rt|rt_nonce)=(\w+)/g var newUrl = window.location.search.replace(relevanssi_rt_regex, '') history.replaceState(null, null, window.location.pathname + newUrl + window.location.hash) /* ]]> */ </script> <style type="text/css"> .relevanssi-live-search-results { opacity: 0; transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; -moz-transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; -webkit-transition: opacity .25s ease-in-out; height: 0; overflow: hidden; z-index: 9999995; /* Exceed SearchWP Modal Search Form overlay. */ position: absolute; display: none; } .relevanssi-live-search-results-showing { display: block; opacity: 1; height: auto; overflow: auto; } .relevanssi-live-search-no-results, .relevanssi-live-search-didyoumean { padding: 0 1em; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/jquery.fileupload.min.js" id="blueimp-file-upload-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="iphorm-plugin-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var iphormL10n = {"error_submitting_form":"An error occurred submitting the form","upload_too_many":"You have attempted to queue too many files","upload_file_type_not_allowed":"This file type is not allowed","upload_file_too_big":"This file exceeds the maximum upload size","invalid_response":"The response from the server was invalid or malformed","ajax_error":"Ajax error","plugin_url":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/iphorm-form-builder","ajax_url":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","preview_no_submit":"The form cannot be submitted in the preview"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/jquery.iphorm.js" id="iphorm-plugin-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/jquery.form.min.js" id="jquery-form-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/jquery.smooth-scroll.min.js" id="jquery-smooth-scroll-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/qtip2/jquery.qtip.min.js" id="qtip-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/uniform/jquery.uniform.min.js" id="uniform-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/js/jquery.infieldlabel.min.js" id="infield-label-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jquery-ui-datepicker-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ jQuery(function(jQuery){jQuery.datepicker.setDefaults({"closeText":"Close","currentText":"Today","monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Previous","dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"dateFormat":"MM d, yy","firstDay":1,"isRTL":false});}); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/iphorm-form-builder/themes/light/rounded.js" id="iphorm-theme-1-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/themes/biosphere/js/plugins.js" id="plugins-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.paypalobjects.com/js/external/apdg.js" id="dd-paypal-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js" id="comment-reply-js" async="async" data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/page-links-to/dist/new-tab.js" id="page-links-to-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="relevanssi-live-search-client-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var relevanssi_live_search_params = []; relevanssi_live_search_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/isoh.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","config":{"default":{"input":{"delay":300,"min_chars":3},"results":{"position":"bottom","width":"auto","offset":{"x":0,"y":5},"static_offset":true}}},"msg_no_config_found":"No valid Relevanssi Live Search configuration found!","msg_loading_results":"Loading search results.","messages_template":"<div class=\"live-ajax-messages\">\n\t<div id=\"relevanssi-live-ajax-search-spinner\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n"};; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/relevanssi-live-ajax-search/assets/javascript/dist/script.min.js" id="relevanssi-live-search-client-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/accordion.min.js" id="jquery-ui-accordion-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/tabs.min.js" id="jquery-ui-tabs-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="squelch_taas-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var squelch_taas_options = {"disable_magic_url":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://isoh.org/wp-content/plugins/squelch-tabs-and-accordions-shortcodes/js/squelch-tabs-and-accordions.min.js" id="squelch_taas-js"></script> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-63890954-1', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> </body> </html>