CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sexual orientation and military service by country - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"361e0584-2f14-41d3-9640-62d5562daed8","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country","wgTitle":"Sexual orientation and military service by country","wgCurRevisionId":1230810150,"wgRevisionId":1230810150,"wgArticleId":60427132,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from May 2017","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","CS1 uses Greek-language script (el)", "CS1 Greek-language sources (el)","Articles with dead external links from November 2013","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","CS1 errors: generic name","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","Articles with Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)","Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)","Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","Articles with excerpts","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013","Sexual orientation and military service by country"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country","wgRelevantArticleId":60427132,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false, "wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":60000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q65063694","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sexual orientation and military service by country - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country rootpage-Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Sexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Sexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_that_allow_openly_gay,_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_that_allow_openly_gay,_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Countries that allow openly gay, lesbian and bisexual people to serve</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_that_allow_openly_gay,_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries that allow openly gay, lesbian and bisexual people to serve subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_that_allow_openly_gay,_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Argentina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Argentina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Austria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bahamas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahamas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Bahamas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahamas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bermuda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bermuda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Bermuda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bermuda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Bolivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brazil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brazil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>Brazil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brazil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgaria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgaria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>Bulgaria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgaria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>Chile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colombia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colombia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>Croatia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cyprus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cyprus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.15</span> <span>Cyprus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cyprus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czech_Republic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czech_Republic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.16</span> <span>Czech Republic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czech_Republic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Denmark" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Denmark"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.17</span> <span>Denmark</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Denmark-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.18</span> <span>East Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecuador" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecuador"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.19</span> <span>Ecuador</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecuador-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estonia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estonia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.20</span> <span>Estonia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estonia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.21</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.22</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.23</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.24</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.25</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.26</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.27</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.28</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latvia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latvia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.29</span> <span>Latvia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latvia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lithuania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lithuania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.30</span> <span>Lithuania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lithuania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Luxembourg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Luxembourg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.31</span> <span>Luxembourg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Luxembourg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.32</span> <span>Malta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.33</span> <span>Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.34</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.35</span> <span>New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.36</span> <span>Norway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.37</span> <span>Peru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.38</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.39</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.40</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.41</span> <span>Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.42</span> <span>Russia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-San_Marino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#San_Marino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.43</span> <span>San Marino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-San_Marino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.44</span> <span>Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Singapore" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Singapore"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.45</span> <span>Singapore</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Singapore-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovakia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovakia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.46</span> <span>Slovakia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovakia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.47</span> <span>Slovenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.48</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.49</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.50</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.51</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taiwan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taiwan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.52</span> <span>Taiwan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taiwan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.53</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.54</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.55</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.56</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.57</span> <span>Uruguay</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Countries_with_ambiguous_policies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Countries_with_ambiguous_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Countries with ambiguous policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Countries_with_ambiguous_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Countries with ambiguous policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Countries_with_ambiguous_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>North Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Council_of_Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Council_of_Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Council of Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Council_of_Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sexual orientation and military service by country</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%B2_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%B2_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Сексуальная ориентация и служба в армии в разных странах – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сексуальная ориентация и служба в армии в разных странах" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65063694#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&oldid=1230810150" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&id=1230810150&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q65063694" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Countries allowing gay personnel to serve"><img alt="Countries allowing gay personnel to serve" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/100px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/150px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg/200px-Map_of_homosexuality_and_military_service.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1402" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_and_military_service" title="Category:LGBTQ people and military service">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="LGBT people and military service">LGBT people and<br />military service</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>General articles</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Same-sex unions and military policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_military_and_veteran_organizations" title="List of LGBT military and veteran organizations">LGBT military and veteran organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender people and military service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Intersex people and military service</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>By country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Australian_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Coast_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_in_the_United_States_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT in the United States Navy">Navy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">LGB service by country</a></i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_Canadian_military" title="Sexual orientation and the Canadian military">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_Netherlands" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation in the United States military">United States</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>Trans service by country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Transgender personnel in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender personnel in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <p><i>Intersex service by country</i> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Australia">Australia</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/28px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/42px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/56px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Template:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Template talk:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="Special:EditPage/Template:LGBT people and military service"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This overview shows the regulations regarding military service of <a href="/wiki/Non-heterosexuals" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-heterosexuals">non-heterosexuals</a> around the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_that_allow_openly_gay,_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve"><span id="Countries_that_allow_openly_gay.2C_lesbian_and_bisexual_people_to_serve"></span>Countries that allow openly gay, lesbian and bisexual people to serve</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Countries that allow openly gay, lesbian and bisexual people to serve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conceptions and categories of sexual orientation are not universal.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Language contained in the following entries, as much as possible, reflects local usage or official doctrine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Albania">Albania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gays and lesbians have been allowed to serve in the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Albania">Military of Albania</a> since 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentina">Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2009, the Argentine government has officially ended the ban on homosexuals in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Argentine_Republic" title="Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic">Argentine Armed Forces</a>. A new military justice system was put into effect which decriminalizes homosexuality among uniformed members, and moves crimes committed exclusively within the military to the public justice sphere [previously there had been a separate military court system]. </p><p>Under the old system, homosexuals were not permitted to have access to a military career, at the same time as this sexual orientation was penalized. And, while there are no publicly known former sanctions against homosexuals under the old policy, this does not mean that men and women with that sexual orientation have not been disciplined, and perhaps separated from the armed forces under a mantle of silence. In fact, with this new system, homosexuals who wish to train in the forces should encounter no impediment, nor any military retaliation.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg/220px-Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg/330px-Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg/440px-Sydney_Mardi_Gras_2013_-_8524099748.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Uniformed <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> personnel marching in the 2013 <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Mardi_Gras" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Mardi Gras">Sydney Mardi Gras</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Australian_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military">Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> has allowed homosexuals to serve openly since 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Austria">Austria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Austria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Austria permits homosexuals to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Austrian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahamas">Bahamas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bahamas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Bahamas_Defence_Force" title="Royal Bahamas Defence Force">Royal Bahamas Defence Force</a> does not discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation. The government made the announcement in 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belgium permits homosexuals to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Armed_Forces" title="Belgian Armed Forces">Belgian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Belgium, the military accepts gay men and lesbians into service. However, if the behaviour of an individual who is gay or lesbian causes problems, that individual is subject to discipline or discharge. In some cases, homosexual personnel have been transferred from their unit if they have been too open with their sexuality. The Belgian military also continues to reserve the right to deny gay and lesbian personnel high-level security clearances, for fear they may be susceptible to blackmail.<sup id="cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military_Culture:_Europe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bermuda">Bermuda</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bermuda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Bermuda" title="Military of Bermuda">Military of Bermuda</a> does not discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation, as it is formed by random lottery-style <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>. Officially, members of the <a href="/wiki/Bermuda_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Bermuda Regiment">Bermuda Regiment</a> are prohibited from discriminating against or harassing soldiers on the basis of sexual orientation;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such activities, however, are tolerated by officers, to the extent that one conscript described the Regiment as "the most homophobic environment that exists".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bolivia">Bolivia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bolivia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Bolivia" title="Armed Forces of Bolivia">Armed Forces of Bolivia</a> announced in 2013 that LGBT citizens would be allowed to serve beginning in 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brazil">Brazil</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Brazil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is no law forbidding lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender people from serving in the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Brazilian Armed Forces</a>. Sexual orientation and gender identity cannot be an obstacle for entry into the police force or the military in Brazil, and some <a href="/wiki/Trans_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans women">trans women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travesti_(gender_identity)" title="Travesti (gender identity)">travestis</a> should make <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>, like some Brazilian male citizens. All sexual acts are disallowed between members of the forces, be they heterosexual or homosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution of Brazil</a> prohibits any form of <a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_laws_in_Brazil" title="Anti-discrimination laws in Brazil">discrimination</a> in the country. The Brazilian Armed Forces does not permit <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">desertion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_sexual_activity" title="Human sexual activity">sexual acts</a> or congeners in the military, whether heterosexual or homosexual. They claim that it is not a homophobic rule, but a rule of <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a> that also includes the opposite sex.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, during the disappearance of a military gay couple, the Ministry of Defence of Brazil spoke: "the sergeant is to be questioned about alleged <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">desertion</a> from the military and there is no question of discrimination." The two soldiers said they had been in a stable relationship for ten years in the Brazilian military.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No information currently exists as to whether military personnel can have their same-sex relationships recognized by the military, despite the fact that federal government employees can receive benefits for their same-sex spouses. Following the Supreme Federal Tribunal <a href="/wiki/ADI_4277_and_ADPF_132" title="ADI 4277 and ADPF 132">decision in favor of civil unions</a>, Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Jobim" title="Nelson Jobim">Nelson Jobim</a> guaranteed the Ministry's compliance with the decision and mentioned that spousal benefits can be accorded to same-sex spouses of military personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a survey conducted by the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA) in 2012, 53.7% of <a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">Brazilians</a> support the entry of LGBTs in the Brazilian Armed Forces, and do not see it as a problem.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bulgaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bulgaria's Protection Against Discrimination Act of 2003 protects individuals from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation in relation to recruitment to the military.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_Canadian_military" title="Sexual orientation and the Canadian military">Sexual orientation and the Canadian military</a></div> <p>As of 1992, lesbians, gays and bisexuals are allowed to serve openly in the military. A study of gays and lesbians in the Canadian military has found that after Canada's 1992 decision to allow homosexuals to serve openly in its armed forces, military performance did not decline.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The study is the most comprehensive academic study by US researchers of homosexuality in a foreign military ever compiled and reflects an exhaustive inventory of relevant data and research. Its title is "Effects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service in the Canadian Forces; Appraising the Evidence". </p> <ul><li>Lifting of restrictions on gay and lesbian service in the Canadian Forces has not led to any change in military performance, <a href="/wiki/Unit_cohesion" title="Unit cohesion">unit cohesion</a>, or discipline.</li> <li>Self-identified gay, lesbian, and transsexual members of the Canadian Forces contacted for the study describe good working relationships with peers.</li> <li>The number of military women who experienced sexual harassment dropped 46% after the ban was lifted. While there were several reasons why harassment declined, one factor was that after the ban was lifted women were free to report assaults without fear that they would be accused of being a lesbian.</li> <li>Before Canada lifted its gay ban, a 1985 survey of 6,500 male soldiers found that 62% said that they would refuse to share showers, undress or sleep in the same room as a gay soldier. After the ban was lifted, follow-up studies found no increase in disciplinary, performance, recruitment, sexual misconduct, or resignation problems.</li> <li>None of the 905 assault cases in the Canadian Forces from November, 1992 (when the ban was lifted) until August, 1995 involved gay bashing or could be attributed to the sexual orientation of one of the parties.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>A news article by Canadian journalist, Jon Tattrie, reported on the changed attitude towards the presence of homosexual members of the Canadian Forces in his article "Being Gay in the Military" (<i><a href="/wiki/Metro_International" title="Metro International">Metro Ottawa</a></i>), quoting Canadian Forces spokesperson Rana Sioufi as saying: "Members who are same-sex partners are entitled to the same respect and dignity as heterosexual married couples or common-law partners."<sup id="cite_ref-metroottawa_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metroottawa-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:50%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>In the past 20 years, the Canadian Forces has gone from being a homophobic organization that actively hounded out gay and lesbian members to one of the world's leading advocates of open integration. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Jon Tattrie, "Being Gay in the Military", <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_International" title="Metro International">Metro Ottawa</a></i>, August 20, 2010<sup id="cite_ref-metroottawa_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-metroottawa-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile">Chile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Chile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Chile">Military of Chile</a> does not discriminate on grounds of sexual orientation. Chile <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Chile#Military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Chile">bans all anti-gay discrimination</a> since 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 13, 2014, The Defense Ministry ordered the creation of a new committee to monitor inclusion and tackle discrimination in the armed forces, a move hailed as a "historic" step by gay rights campaigners. Marcos Robledo, defense undersecretary, announced the formation of a Diversity and Anti-Discrimination Committee with the aim to eradicate arbitrary discrimination in the military. The resolution, signed by Defense Minister Jorge Burgos, established the government as responsible for creating a more inclusive armed services.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Few days later, a sailor in Chile became the first serving member of the Chilean armed forces to announce he is gay.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mauricio Ruiz, 24, told a televised news conference his decision had "not been easy", but he wanted to help fight discrimination against homosexuals. Mr Ruiz said that what was most important was not a soldier's sexual orientation, but his or her willingness to serve the country. His announcement came with the full backing of the Chilean armed. Mauricio Ruiz said homosexuals had "no reason to hide". "We can do anything, be marines or in any branch (of the military). We can do whatever profession, and we deserve as much respect as anyone else," he told reporters in the Chilean capital, Santiago. "In life there's nothing better than to be yourself, to be authentic, to look at people in the eye and for those people to know who you are." </p><p>Rolando Jimenez, president of Chile's Movement for Integration and Homosexual Liberation, expressed his gratitude to the Chilean Navy. "(The Navy is) telling the country and the members of the institution particularly that it is possible for gays and lesbians to be part of the armed forces and that they aren't going to suffer discrimination because of their sexual orientation within these institutions," Mr Jimenez said. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colombia">Colombia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999 the Colombian Constitutional Court ruled that the prohibition of homosexuals from serving in the armed forces is unconstitutional and members of the LGBT community may serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatia">Croatia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Croatia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LGBT persons are not banned from participation in military service. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Croatia)">Ministry of Defence</a> has no internal rules regarding LGBT persons, but it follows regulation at the state level which explicitly prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Some media reports have suggested that most gay men serving in the military generally decide to keep their sexual orientation private, but there have also been reports suggesting that the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Croatia">Croatian Armed Forces</a> take discrimination very seriously and will not tolerate homophobia among its personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cyprus">Cyprus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Cyprus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homosexuals used to be banned from serving in the Cypriot Military. However, the 2011 National Guard Law does not include a ban.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czech_Republic">Czech Republic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Czech Republic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in the Czech Republic">LGBTQ rights in the Czech Republic § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Since 1999, Czech law has prohibited discrimination based on <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a> in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic_Report_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic_Report-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In 2004, the Army of the Czech Republic refused to enter the service of a trans woman, Jaroslava Brokešová, who had previously undergone an official transition, according to assessing doctors. A military spokesperson said that the reason was not her transgender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another trans recruit was rejected in 2014 due to alleged "reduction in the morale of combat units".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2015,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the trans identity of candidates and service candidates was no longer considered relevant to military service.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Denmark">Denmark</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Denmark"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denmark allows homosexuals to serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are prominent openly gay military leaders in the Danish Armed Forces and there are no reported cases of threats to gays, morale, or national security.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of the conditions for gay men indicates that gay men in the Danish Armed Forces show strength and are respected.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Germany">East Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: East Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988 East Germany ended a ban on openly gay people serving in the <a href="/wiki/National_People%E2%80%99s_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="National People’s Army">National People’s Army</a>, one of the first countries to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecuador">Ecuador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ecuador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Ecuador" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Ecuador">decriminalization of homosexuality in Ecuador</a> in 1997, LGBT people couldn't openly serve in the military, as article 87 of the Ley de Personal de Fuerzas Armadas stipulated that any conscript that violated a law had to be separated from the military. One year after the decriminalization of homosexuality, Ecuador's army released a military discipline regulation that included the practice of same-sex sexual acts among the reasons for discharge. This article was removed in 2009, which finally allowed LGBT to openly serve in the army. However, there was a case of a soldier discharged in 2014 who denounced that the act was motivated by the fact that he was gay. His officials, on the other hand, insisted that his sexual orientation, which was publicly known since 2010, had nothing to do with his discharge.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estonia">Estonia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Estonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Estonia allows homosexuals to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Estonia">Military of Estonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Finland allows homosexuals to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Defence_Forces" title="Finnish Defence Forces">Finnish Defence Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>France allows homosexuals to serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although homosexuals are not banned, they may face greater challenges than their heterosexual counterparts. Commanders and psychiatrists who believe gay and lesbian personnel are disrupting their units can discharge them.<sup id="cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military_Culture:_Europe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> ruled that it is forbidden to discriminate based on sexual orientation. The "Working Committee of Homosexual Employees in the Military Forces"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the organization that represents the interests of gay men and lesbians in the armed forces. Heterosexuals and homosexuals alike are allowed to engage in sexual activity while in the military service as long as it does not interfere with the performance of their duties. Lesbian and gay soldiers are also entitled to enter civil unions as defined by Germany's domestic "partnership" law.<sup id="cite_ref-queer_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bundeswehr" title="Bundeswehr">Bundeswehr</a> maintained a "<a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">glass ceiling</a>" policy that effectively banned homosexuals from becoming officers until 2000. First Lieutenant Winfried Stecher, an army officer demoted for his homosexuality, filed a lawsuit against former Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Scharping" title="Rudolf Scharping">Rudolf Scharping</a>. Scharping vowed to fight the claim in court, claiming that homosexuality "raises serious doubts about suitability and excludes employment in all functions pertaining to leadership." However, before the case went to trial, the Defense Ministry reversed the discriminatory policy. While the German government declined to issue an official explanation for the reversal, it is widely believed that Scharping was overruled by then Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schr%C3%B6der" title="Gerhard Schröder">Gerhard Schröder</a> and then Vice-Chancellor <a href="/wiki/Joschka_Fischer" title="Joschka Fischer">Joschka Fischer</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Currently, according to general military orders given in the year 2000, tolerance towards all sexual orientations is considered to be part of the duty of military personnel. Sexual relationships and acts amongst soldiers outside service times, regardless of the sexual orientation, are defined to be "irrelevant", regardless of the rank and function of the soldier(s) involved, while harassment or the abuse of functions is considered a transgression, as well as the performance of sexual acts in active service.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Greece">Greece</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While the Presidential Decree 133 (of 2002)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> allowed people to avoid the draft for deep psycho-sexual problems, it did not ban homosexuals from the army. The newer 2005 law 3421<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has removed even the wording that could be misconstrued as offensive to homosexuals. In recent years, the Greek army has been shortening the length of conscription and hiring more and more professional soldiers and there hasn't been any incident of someone being fired for homosexuality. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_militaries_of_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece">Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in the Republic of Ireland">LGBTQ rights in the Republic of Ireland § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Lesbian, gay and <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual</a> people can serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Defence_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Defence Forces">Irish Defence Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_palmcenter_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_palmcenter-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been no preclusion since 1993 when male homosexuality was decriminalised in the Republic of Ireland. Since 1993, there has been significant change to make sure that there was no discrimination in terms of public policy. At the same time as an equal age of consent was introduced for heterosexual and homosexual persons, the Irish Defence Forces announced that they would be treating heterosexual and homosexual members equally. Relationships between senior and junior ranks would continue to be forbidden, as is common in most militaries. There would also be no harassment of gay officers and no questioning of members about their sexuality. The <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i> wrote in 1993 that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In a related development, the Chief of Staff of the Irish Defence Forces, Lieutenant General Noel Bergin, told the <i>Irish Independent</i> on Tuesday that a report on the introduction of a code of conduct governing interpersonal relationships is being prepared. The decision to prepare a report follows a recent announcement by the Minister for Defence, <a href="/wiki/David_Andrews_(politician)" title="David Andrews (politician)">David Andrews</a>, that military regulations would be modified to take account of any reform in the civil law on homosexuality. Andrews is seen as a member of the liberal wing of the <a href="/wiki/Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Fianna Fáil">Fianna Fáil</a> party. Lt. Gen Bergin pointed out that the Army does not ask potential recruits about their sexual orientation, and that they had few problems in the past in this area.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> Information regarding sexual orientation is not sought from personnel wishing to enlist in the Defence Forces. The Defence Forces have a code on interpersonal relationships and guidelines in relation to discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel">Israel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military</a></div> <p>A policy in 1983 allowed prospective Israeli soldiers to be questioned about their sexual orientation. Scholars Ben-Ari and Kaplan suggested that the prospective soldiers' responses affected what military unit they would be assigned to. However, the 1993 policy was put into effect to remove the 1983 policy.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> policies allow gay men and lesbians to serve openly and without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was put into effect in 1993 after an IDF reserves officer testified before the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> claiming that his rank had been revoked, and that he had been barred from researching sensitive topics in military intelligence, solely because of his sexual identity.<sup id="cite_ref-online_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-online-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Homosexuals serve openly in the military, including special units, without any discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-eichner_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eichner-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, homosexuals in the IDF have additional rights, such as the right to take a shower alone if they want to. According to a <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> study,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a brigadier general stated that Israelis show a "great tolerance" for gay soldiers. Consul <a href="/wiki/David_Saranga" title="David Saranga">David Saranga</a> at the Israeli Consulate in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, who was interviewed by the <i>St. Petersburg Times</i>, said, "It's a non-issue. You can be a very good officer, a creative one, a brave one, and be gay at the same time."<sup id="cite_ref-eichner_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eichner-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a comprehensive review of interviews with all known experts on homosexuality in the IDF in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> researchers were not able to find any data suggesting that Israel's decision to lift its gay ban undermined operational effectiveness, combat readiness, unit cohesion or morale. In this security-conscious country where the military is considered to be essential to the continued existence of the nation, the decision to include sexual minorities has not harmed IDF effectiveness. </p><p>While no official statistics are available for harassment rates of sexual minorities in the IDF, scholars, military officials and representatives of gay organizations alike assert that vicious harassment is rare.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> A study published by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Gay_Youth" title="Israel Gay Youth">Israel Gay Youth</a> Movement in January 2012 found that half of the homosexual soldiers who serve in the IDF suffer from violence and homophobia.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even though the law states that gay soldiers cannot be discriminated against by the Israeli military, does not mean it does not occur between soldiers. Ben-Ari and Kaplan, the scholars who wrote “Sexual Orientation and Military Service”, discovered that gay Israeli soldiers faced discrimination from their fellow military men because they were viewed as mentally ill, lonely, and insecure.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ben- Ari and Kaplan cited a study about how an Israeli soldier's sexual partner preference influenced the way they were treated. The study conveyed that soldiers bonded in the Israeli military through homophobic remarks and sexualizing women.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was another study that scholars Ben-Ari and Kaplan created that determined how gay Israeli soldiers responded to the macho man stereotype in the military. Gay soldiers either isolated themselves from the rest of the soldiers or attempted to adapt to heterosexual norms. In the end, gay soldiers' military performance was not affected by their response but their integration into the military was affected.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Italy">LGBTQ rights in Italy § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Until 1986, "sexual deviance" was a reason for exclusion for military service. At that time, some men claimed to be homosexual to avoid the draft. Lesbians have never been banned from the Italian military since women were first allowed to serve in 2000. Since 2010, discrimination against gays and lesbians in military service is banned, but the situation for transgender people is unclear. The organization Polis Aperta estimates that 5 to 10% of Italians in uniformed service (military or police) are LGBT. Despite the ban on discrimination, some service personnel face harassment or violence because of their sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy_military_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy_military-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japan">Japan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> does not have any rules applying to homosexuals serving in the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Self-Defense Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japan Self-Defense Forces, when being asked about their policy toward gays and lesbians following the U.S. debate during the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> presidency, answered that it was not an issue, and individuals within the forces indicated that as long as same-sex relations did not lead to fights or other trouble, there were few, if any, barriers to their inclusion in the armed services.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Latvia">Latvia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Latvia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latvia allows homosexuals to serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lithuania">Lithuania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Lithuania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lithuania allows lesbian, gay, and bisexual people to serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Luxembourg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luxembourg allows homosexuals to serve openly.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malta">Malta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Malta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Malta#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Malta">LGBTQ rights in Malta § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Malta&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Malta allows people to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Malta" title="Armed Forces of Malta">armed forces</a> regardless of their sexual orientation or gender identity. According to the military, a number of openly gay people serve, and the official attitude is one of "live and let live", where "a person's postings and duties depend on their qualifications, not their sexual orientation".<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexico">Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Mexico">LGBTQ rights in Mexico § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Armed_Forces" title="Mexican Armed Forces">Mexican Armed Forces</a>' policy on sexual orientation is ambiguous, leaving homosexual and bisexual soldiers in a "legal limbo". Officially, there is no law or policy preventing homosexuals from serving, and applicants are not questioned on the subject. In practice, however, outed homosexual and bisexual soldiers are subject to severe harassment and are often discharged. One directive, issued in 2003, described actions "contrary to morality or good manners on- and off-duty" (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">en contra de la moral o de las buenas costumbres dentro y fuera del servicio [sic]</i>) as serious misconduct warranting disciplinary action. Other references to morality are found throughout military documents, leaving room for interpretation with regards to sexual orientation. Although there is no clear position from current military leadership, several retired generals have agreed that homosexual soldiers were usually removed from service either through an encouraged withdrawal or dishonorable discharge.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2018, homosexuals were allowed to serve openly in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People whose homosexuality is discovered face harassment from other soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Justice_of_the_Nation" title="Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation">Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation</a> ruled that it is unconstitutional to discharge soldiers for being HIV-positive. Previously, a 2003 law required that HIV-soldiers be discharged from service.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_policy_in_the_Military_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT policy in the Military of the Netherlands">LGBT policy in the Military of the Netherlands</a></div> <p>In 1974, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> was the first country to ban discrimination against gays in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch government considered homosexuality grounds for dismissal until 1974, when the Association of Dutch Homosexuals convinced the Minister of Defense that gays posed no threat to national security. The Dutch military formed a working group called Homosexuality and Armed Forces to improve the climate for sexual minorities. In the 1980s, this group became the Homosexuality and Armed Forces Foundation, a trade union that continues to represent gay and lesbian personnel to the Ministry of Defense.<sup id="cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Military_Culture:_Europe-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_New_Zealand#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in New Zealand">LGBTQ rights in New Zealand § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_New_Zealand&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>In New Zealand it has been legal for gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender persons to serve in the military since New Zealand's Human Rights Act 1993 ended most forms of employment discrimination against lesbians, gay men and bisexuals. New Zealand military leaders did not oppose the end of military service discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Navy" title="Royal New Zealand Navy">Royal New Zealand Navy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Police" title="New Zealand Police">New Zealand Police</a> are amongst many government agencies to have adopted "gay-friendly" policies.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norway">Norway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Norway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Norway allows homosexuals to serve openly in the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, like most of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>, is very <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> in regards to LGBT-rights and it also became the first country in the world to enact an anti-discrimination law protecting homosexuals in certain areas. </p><p>The Norwegian government states: <i>Anyone who in written or verbal form is threatening, scorning, persecuting, or spiteful toward a gay or lesbian person will be punished with fines or prison of up to two years.</i><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peru">Peru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Peru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Peru">LGBTQ rights in Peru § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> According to Section 269 of the Military Penal Code of 1988, military and police personnel who engaged in same-sex sexual activity, could be punished with between 60 days to 20 years imprisonment or discharge from the forces.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru_ilga.info_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru_ilga.info-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although being homosexual was not expliticly forbidden, recruiters would routinely reject applicants whom they suspected of being homosexual.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 June 2004, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Peru" title="Constitutional Court of Peru">Constitutional Court of Peru</a> ruled that it was a form of unconstitutional discrimination to discharge people who committed homosexual acts from the military, given that equivalent heterosexual acts were allowed.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philippines">Philippines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Philippine government has officially ended, as of 2010, the ban on gays in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Military_Academy" title="Philippine Military Academy">Philippine Military Academy</a> announced that it has welcomed openly gay and lesbian applicants into its fold, giving them the opportunity to serve in the military although public display of affection and crossdressing is not permissible.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Poland#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Poland">LGBTQ rights in Poland § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Poland&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Since the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lesbian, gay and bisexual people are not banned from military service and discrimination against them is officially forbidden. However, there is an unwritten rule of "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">don't ask, don't tell</a>" and most gay Polish soldiers conceal their sexual orientation. In 2013, military personnel told <a href="/wiki/NaTemat.pl" title="NaTemat.pl">NaTemat.pl</a> portal that openly gay personnel would face social difficulty, especially for higher ranks, as for "commanding staff - officers and high-ranking NCOs - admitting to same-sex attraction would mean losing respect - qualities without which you simply cannot be a commander".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> Openly transgender people are officially barred from military service on the medical grounds. Diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Gender_dysphoria" title="Gender dysphoria">gender dysphoria</a> results in being automatically assigned as "permanently and completely unfit for military service, both in the time of conflict and peace".<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portugal">Portugal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portugal allows all citizens to serve openly in the military regardless of sexual orientation, as the constitution explicitly forbids any discrimination on that basis, therefore openly allowing lesbians and gays to serve in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2016, Portugal's armed forces chief General Carlos Jerónimo resigned, days after being summoned to explain comments about gay soldiers made by the deputy head of the military college. President <a href="/wiki/Marcelo_Rebelo_de_Sousa" title="Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa">Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa</a> accepted the resignation of Jerónimo, who took up the post of chief of staff in 2014. The resignation came after António Grilo, deputy head of the military college, admitted advising parents of young military students in the Portuguese army to withdraw their sons if they were gay "to protect them from the other students". <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of National Defense (Portugal)">Defence Minister</a> Azeredo Lopes considered any discrimination "absolutely unacceptable".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania">Romania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homosexuals are allowed to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_army" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian army">Romanian army</a>. According to the Ministry of Defence's recruitment policy, "it is the right of every Romanian citizen to take part in the military structures of our country, regardless of their sexual orientation."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Russia">LGBTQ rights in Russia § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>Before 1993, homosexual acts between consenting males were against the law in Russia,<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_RUS33940_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_RUS33940-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and homosexuality was considered a mental disorder until adoption of <a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a> in 1999,<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_ILGA_RFDHO_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_ILGA_RFDHO-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but even after that military medical expertise statute was in force to continue considering homosexuality a mental disorder which was a reason to deny homosexuals to serve in the military. On 1 July 2003, a new military medical expertise statute was adopted; it said people "who have problems with their identity and sexual preferences" can only be drafted during war times.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this clause contradicted another clause of the same statute which stated that different sexual orientation should not be considered a deviation. This ambiguity was resolved by the Major-General of the Medical Service Valery Kulikov who clearly stated that the new medical statute "does not forbid people of non-standard sexual orientation from serving in the military."<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_PravdaOL_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_PravdaOL-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he added that people of non-standard sexual orientation should not reveal their sexual orientation while serving in the army because "other soldiers are not going to like that; they can be beaten".<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_kulikov_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_kulikov-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Vladimir Putin said in a U.S. television interview in 2010 that openly <a href="/wiki/Gay_men" title="Gay men">gay men</a> were not excluded from military service in Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, it was reported that the Defense Ministry had issued a guideline on assessment of new recruits' mental health that recommends recruits be asked about their sexual history and be examined for certain types of tattoos, especially genital or buttocks tattoos, that would allegedly indicate a homosexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> As of April and May 2023 there has been a proposed crackdown on the changing of genders. The Russian <a href="/wiki/State_Duma" title="State Duma">State Duma</a> is considering passing new laws to prevent men from changing their gender from male to female without surgery. The proposed changes, as first discussed by the Russian Minister of Justice, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Chuychenko" title="Konstantin Chuychenko">Konstantin Chuychenko</a>, in April are to "rule out the possibility of changing a person’s gender purely by changing the documents.” Duma Committee on Family, Women, and Children's Affairs head <a href="/wiki/Nina_Ostanina" title="Nina Ostanina">Nina Ostanina</a> said: "Amendments will soon be introduced in the State Duma to officially ban gender reassignment without surgery," In part it is to protect "family values" in Russia. However Russian men have considered changing their genders to avoid being called by the military authorities. According to one Russian source "In connection with the special operation, many young people have turned to private clinics to provide a sex change to avoid conscription..."<a href="/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin" title="Vyacheslav Volodin">Vyacheslav Volodin</a>, Speaker of the Duma, claims that some "2,700" such decisions have been made in "recent times".<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="San_Marino">San Marino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: San Marino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sammarinese_Armed_Forces" title="Sammarinese Armed Forces">Sammarinese Armed Forces</a> does not explicitly ban LGBT people from serving. The <a href="/wiki/Code_of_conduct" title="Code of conduct">code of conduct</a> of the police force prohibits unfair discrimination in recruitment. Furthermore, police officials are trained to properly respond to and identify discrimination, whether in public or within the police force itself.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serbia">Serbia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2010, the head of the Serbian military (<a href="/wiki/Vojska_Srbije" class="mw-redirect" title="Vojska Srbije">Vojska Srbije</a>) announced that the Serbian Army would accept homosexuals to join. However, this news was not widely covered by media.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Singapore">Singapore</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Singapore"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Singapore#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Singapore">LGBTQ rights in Singapore § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Singapore&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Prior to 2003, homosexuals were barred from being employed in "sensitive positions" within the <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Civil_Service" title="Singapore Civil Service">Singapore Civil Service</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 20th century, some conscripts in <a href="/wiki/National_Service_(Singapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Service (Singapore)">National Service</a> were encouraged to attend <a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">conversion therapy</a>. In the past, some Singaporean conscripts who openly declared their homosexuality may also be excluded from officer training, including being refused security clearances needed to perform higher roles in the army.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovakia">Slovakia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Slovakia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Slovakia#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Slovakia">LGBTQ rights in Slovakia § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Slovakia&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>LGBT people are allowed to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/Slovak_Armed_Forces" title="Slovak Armed Forces">Slovak Armed Forces</a>. As the <i>Anti-Discrimination Act</i> prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, it also applies to the military.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> In 2005, <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda_(Slovakia)" title="Pravda (Slovakia)">Pravda</a></i> reported that "the military has a very homophobic environment that is hostile and intolerant of any manifestations and indications of homosexuality."<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Slovenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Slovenia allows individuals to serve openly without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa#Military_service" title="LGBT rights in South Africa">LGBT rights in South Africa § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> LGBT people are allowed to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/South_African_National_Defence_Force" title="South African National Defence Force">South African National Defence Force</a> (SANDF). In 1996, the government adopted the <i>White Paper on National Defence</i>, which included the statement that, "In accordance with the Constitution, the SANDF shall not discriminate against any of its members on the grounds of sexual orientation."<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defence_(South_Africa)" title="Department of Defence (South Africa)">Department of Defence</a> adopted a <i>Policy on Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action</i>, under which recruits may not be questioned about their sexual orientation and the Defence Force officially takes no interest in the lawful sexual behaviour of its members.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Defence Act of 2002</i> makes it a criminal offence for any SANDF member or Defence Department employee to "denigrate, humiliate or show hostility or aversion" to any person on the grounds of sexual orientation. In 2002, the SANDF extended spousal medical and pension benefits to "partners in a permanent life-partnership".<sup id="cite_ref-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homosexuals are allowed to serve openly in the Spanish Army. As of 2009, after the case of Aitor G.R, the courts also ruled that transgender individuals are also permitted to serve in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Sweden">LGBT rights in Sweden</a></div><p>Sweden allows homosexuals to serve openly<sup id="cite_ref-palmcenter_7-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was amongst the first nations in the world to allow LGBT people to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gay men could serve openly even before homosexuality was demedicalized (in 1979), as there was no ban on homosexuality in the nation's military. Since 1987 all kind of discrimination, military employment included, due to sexual orientation is banned by constitution. Since 2008 this ban also includes transgender people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Armed_Forces" title="Swedish Armed Forces">Swedish Armed Forces</a> states that it actively work for an environment where individuals do not feel it to be necessary to hide their sexual orientation or gender identity.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2015, they launched a Pride campaign featuring a soldier in uniform with the rainbow flag badget to her arm. The text's bold letters translates to "Some things you should not have to camouflage," followed by the text "Equality is an essential ingredient in a democracy," say the Swedish Armed Forces. "In the military, we treat them with respect and see the differences of others as a fortress. We are an inclusive organisation where all the people who serve and contribute feel welcome and respected."<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_the_army..._(3679847380).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg/220px-In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg/330px-In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg/440px-In_the_army..._%283679847380%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Swiss military officers participating at <a href="/wiki/Europride" class="mw-redirect" title="Europride">Europride</a> 2009 in <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich" class="mw-redirect" title="Zürich">Zürich</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Switzerland's military policies also allow for gay men and lesbians to serve openly without discrimination or harassment due to actual or perceived sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-queer_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-queer-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan">Taiwan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Taiwan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> repealed its ban on conscripting gay people into the military in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-taiwan_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taiwan-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following an announcement by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of China Armed Forces">Republic of China Armed Forces</a> that it would end a policy banning gays from guarding high level officials and government installations, scholars and military officials said the decision signaled a bold step for an Asian military force. The policy change was announced after a local newspaper revealed the discriminatory practice, prompting protest demonstrations in Taipei, the nation's capital. </p><p>Col. Liu of the ROC Naval Attache said that ending the ban on gays in the military police was "a good thing for a democratic society like ours. I don't think this is really a big deal," he said. "It just means Taiwanese society is more open and there are different choices now. If you're gay and you can do the job, that's fine."<sup id="cite_ref-taiwan_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-taiwan-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thailand">Thailand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2005, the Thai armed forces lifted its ban on <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Thailand" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Thailand">LGBT</a> serving in the military. Prior to this reform, LGBT people were exempted as suffering from a "mental disorder" law of 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in Ukraine">LGBTQ rights in Ukraine § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>All able-bodied male citizens from ages 20–27, must serve either 18 months in the navy or one year in all other services. After serving out the term of service Ukraine's conscripts become part of the inactive reserve and are eligible to be recalled for mobilization until they reach age 55 or age 60 for officers.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to law, homosexuality is not a reason for exemption from the army. However, many young gay men try to avoid call-up to military service, as they are afraid to face unauthorized relations and other difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_NashMir07_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_NashMir07-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Viktor Pylypenko, who had served in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">war in Donbas</a> for two years, became the first Ukrainian soldier to come out publicly.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, several gay soldiers in the Ukrainian army participated in a photo exhibition called "We are here".<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, Pylypenko was trying to organize a special unit in the Ukrainian army for LGBTQ soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko_112-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2021, Pylypenko stated there were 16 open LGBTQ soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukrainian army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> The <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion</a> resulted in an increased influx of openness and acceptance regarding LGBTQ soldiers in the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine" title="Armed Forces of Ukraine">Ukrainian military</a>. A growing number of soldiers disclosed their identity, believing that they could fight not just for their home country but also against <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_LGBT_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotypes of LGBT people">existing stereotypes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The invasion also saw the spread of "unicorn insignia" which Ukrainian LGBTQ soldiers sew onto their uniforms. The <a href="/wiki/Unicorn" title="Unicorn">unicorn</a> was chosen due to its nature as "fantastic 'non-existent' creature", sarcastically countering claims about there being no LGBT+ individuals in the Ukrainian military.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Garcia_2022_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Garcia_2022-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Economist_2023_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Economist_2023-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom</a></div> <p>Until 2000, the British <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MOD) policy was to continue the long-standing ban on homosexuals joining any of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a>. Since March 2014, UK military same-sex couples can get married (as well as UK civilians), under the <a href="/wiki/Marriage_(Same_Sex_Couples)_Act_2013" title="Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013">Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013</a>. This law does not apply to <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> only.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Oak_Hill_(LSD_51)_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg/220px-USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg/330px-USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg/440px-USS_Oak_Hill_%28LSD_51%29_First_Kiss_111221-N-JP983-008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A US Navy sailor kissing her fiancé, who is also a member of the Navy, after disembarking at the end of a deployment in December 2011</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military</a></div> <p>Gay people are allowed to serve openly in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> military. Military policy and legislation had previously forbidden them to serve, and later to serve openly, but these prohibitions were ended in September 2011 after the U.S. Congress voted to repeal the policy. </p><p>The first time homosexuals were differentiated from non-homosexuals in the military literature was in revised Army mobilization regulations in 1942. Additional policy revisions in 1944 and 1947 further codified the ban. Throughout the next few decades, homosexuals were routinely discharged, regardless of whether they had engaged in sexual conduct while serving. In response to the <a href="/wiki/LGBT_movements_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT movements in the United States">gay rights movements</a> of the 1970s and 1980s, including the famed <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Berg,_III" title="Vernon Berg, III">"Copy" Berg case</a>, the Department of Defense issued a 1982 policy (DOD Directive 1332.14) stating that homosexuality was clearly incompatible with military service. Controversy over this policy created political pressure to amend the policy, with <a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">socially liberal</a> efforts seeking a repeal of the ban and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">socially conservative</a> groups wishing to reinforce it by statute. </p><p>A legislative policy was enacted in a 1993 bill signed by President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. The new policy continued the ban under which homosexuals were prohibited from serving in the military and their discharge was required. The main change that the new policy made was to prohibit investigation into a member's sexual orientation without suspicion. The new policy was known as "<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_ask,_don%27t_tell" title="Don't ask, don't tell">Don't ask, don't tell</a>" and was seen as a compromise between the two political efforts. </p><p>Pressure to overturn the ban continued to build throughout the 1990s and 2000s, as public opposition to gay rights waned. In December 2010, the House and Senate, under a Democratic majority, passed a bill that President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> signed into law as the <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Ask,_Don%27t_Tell_Repeal_Act_of_2010" title="Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010">Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of 2010</a>. The law established a future pathway to allow homosexuals to serve in the military.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of the bill, the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy remained in place until the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs</a> certified that repeal would not harm military readiness, followed by a 60 days waiting period.<sup id="cite_ref-us-wapo-201106_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-wapo-201106-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chsc-2011_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chsc-2011-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Obama_Signed_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obama_Signed-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2011, military leaders began issuing training plans for the expected repeal of the ban.<sup id="cite_ref-chsc-2011_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chsc-2011-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-us-wapo-2011_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-wapo-2011-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-us-yahoo-2011_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-yahoo-2011-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A court order on July 6, 2011, required the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Pentagon</a> to immediately suspend the ban, which the government complied with. The legislative repeal of the ban took effect on September 20, 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One year after repeal, a study published by the <a href="/wiki/Palm_Center" title="Palm Center">Palm Center</a> found that openly gay service has not resulted in a negative net impact to the U.S. military.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Per the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in <i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Windsor" title="United States v. Windsor">United States v. Windsor</a></i>, lawful same-sex spouses are afforded the same rights as heterosexual spouses. This policy was codified by Congress via the Respect For Marriage Act. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uruguay">Uruguay</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Uruguay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Homosexuals were prohibited from serving in the Uruguayan armed forces under the 1973–1985 military dictatorship, however this prohibition was lifted in 2009 when a new decree was signed by Defence Minister <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bayardi" title="José Bayardi">José Bayardi</a> which provided that sexual orientation would no longer be considered a reason to prevent people from entering the armed forces.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Countries_with_ambiguous_policies">Countries with ambiguous policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Countries with ambiguous policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Korea">North Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: North Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea#Military_service" title="LGBTQ rights in North Korea">LGBTQ rights in North Korea § Military service</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> The North Korean military law mandates <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a> during the first ten years of service for all enlistees, without regard to their sexual orientation or gender of any sexual partners.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_HassigOh_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_HassigOh-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly, male soldiers regularly break this rule by engaging in casual heterosexual and homosexual affairs. These homosexual relationships have been described as <a href="/wiki/Situational_sexual_behavior" title="Situational sexual behavior">situational sexual behavior</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientation</a>. A defector has said that intimacy is particularly prevalent in cold, mountainous areas, during the ten years of mandatory service where it is impossible to have intimate interactions with women.<sup id="cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_NK_News-2015_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_NK_News-2015-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Author Bradley Martin writes that such behavior, while not illegal, may result in execution.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_South_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in South Korea">Civil rights for homosexual citizens</a> are guaranteed in South Korea under the Korean Human Rights Committee Law, but in practice homosexuals may still face discrimination during military service, which is <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_South_Korea" title="Conscription in South Korea">mandatory for all male citizens</a>. Conscripts are profiled at the time of enlistment and homosexuals may be categorized as having a "mental handicap" or "personality disorder", which may lead to a dishonourable discharge. </p><p>Article 92 of the Military Penal Code categorizes sexual relations between members of the same sex as "sexual harassment", regardless of whether it is consensual. Consensual sex between homosexuals may be regarded as "reciprocal rape", punishable by up to a year's imprisonment for both parties. These laws and practices have faced legal challenges during recent years.<sup id="cite_ref-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>South Korea is the only <a href="/wiki/Developed_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Developed nation">developed nation</a> that does not allow LGBT individuals to serve.<sup id="cite_ref-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law_133-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Council_of_Europe">Council of Europe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Council of Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In multiple cases—<i>Lustig-Prean and Beckett v UK</i> (1999), <i><a href="/wiki/Smith_and_Grady_v_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith and Grady v UK">Smith and Grady v UK</a></i> (1999), <i>Perkin and R v UK</i> (2002) and <i>Beck, Copp and Bazeley v UK</i> (2002)—the <a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">European Court of Human Rights</a> found that barring homosexual and bisexual individuals from military service violates article 8 of the <a href="/wiki/European_Convention_on_Human_Rights" title="European Convention on Human Rights">European Convention on Human Rights</a>. In 2010, ten <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> countries still did not allow homosexuals to serve openly: Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, and Cyprus.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAmar2011" class="citation journal cs1">Amar, Paul (2011). "Turning the Gendered Politics of the Security State Inside Out?". <i>International Feminist Journal of Politics</i>. <b>13</b> (3): 299–328. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14616742.2011.587364">10.1080/14616742.2011.587364</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145722283">145722283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Feminist+Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Turning+the+Gendered+Politics+of+the+Security+State+Inside+Out%3F&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=299-328&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14616742.2011.587364&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145722283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Amar&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabbard2012" class="citation journal cs1">Gabbard, Sonnet (2012). "Amy Lind (ed.)". <i>International Feminist Journal of Politics</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 442–444. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14616742.2012.704710">10.1080/14616742.2012.704710</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142996878">142996878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Feminist+Journal+of+Politics&rft.atitle=Amy+Lind+%28ed.%29.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=442-444&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14616742.2012.704710&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142996878%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gabbard&rft.aufirst=Sonnet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.care2.com/causes/albania-passes-gay-hate-crimes-law-that-surpasses-the-u-s.html">"Albania Passes Gay Hate Crimes Law That Surpasses the U.S."</a> <i>care2.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=care2.com&rft.atitle=Albania+Passes+Gay+Hate+Crimes+Law+That+Surpasses+the+U.S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.care2.com%2Fcauses%2Falbania-passes-gay-hate-crimes-law-that-surpasses-the-u-s.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmink2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Smink, Veronica (28 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/latin_america/newsid_7916000/7916193.stm">"Argentina: abren paso a gays en FF.AA"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Mundo" title="BBC Mundo">BBC Mundo</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Mundo&rft.atitle=Argentina%3A+abren+paso+a+gays+en+FF.AA.&rft.date=2009-02-28&rft.aulast=Smink&rft.aufirst=Veronica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Fspanish%2Flatin_america%2Fnewsid_7916000%2F7916193.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5D81139F937A15752C1A964958260">"Australia Ends a Prohibition On Homosexuals in Military"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, November 24, 1992</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzanne B. Goldberg, 'Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces," <i>William & Mary Journal of Women & Law</i> (2011) v 17 pp 547-90 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol17/iss3/3">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-palmcenter-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palmcenter_7-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090824065255/http://www.palmcenter.org/files/active/0/CountriesWithoutBan.pdf">"Countries that Allow Military Service by Openly Gay People"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PalmCenter. June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/files/active/0/CountriesWithoutBan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+that+Allow+Military+Service+by+Openly+Gay+People&rft.pub=PalmCenter&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmcenter.org%2Ffiles%2Factive%2F0%2FCountriesWithoutBan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaytoday.com/garchive/world/050898wo.htm">No Ban on Gays in The Bahamas Military</a> GayToday - May 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/research/nations%20allowing%20service%20by%20openly%20gay%20people">Bahamas Military Allows Gays</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100311025453/http://www.palmcenter.org/research/nations%20allowing%20service%20by%20openly%20gay%20people">Archived</a> 2010-03-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> ILGA - June 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Military_Culture:_Europe-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Military_Culture:_Europe_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/military_culture_eur.html">Military Culture: Europe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051121165333/http://www.glbtq.com/social-sciences/military_culture_eur.html">Archived</a> 2005-11-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> glbtq: An encyclopaedia of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender & queer culture.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111093336/http://www.bermudaregiment.bm/attachments/article/154/A%20Soldier%27s%20Handbook%206.pdf">"Bermuda Regiment"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>bermudaregiment.bm</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bermudaregiment.bm/attachments/article/154/A%20Soldier's%20Handbook%206.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-01-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bermudaregiment.bm&rft.atitle=Bermuda+Regiment&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bermudaregiment.bm%2Fattachments%2Farticle%2F154%2FA%2520Soldier%27s%2520Handbook%25206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrangeways2006" class="citation book cs1">Strangeways, Sam (May 26, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203020619/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20060527/NEWS/305279989"><i>Bill's supporters stunned by defeat</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Gazette_(Bermuda)" title="The Royal Gazette (Bermuda)">The Royal Gazette</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20060527/NEWS/305279989">the original</a> on December 3, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bill%27s+supporters+stunned+by+defeat&rft.pub=The+Royal+Gazette&rft.date=2006-05-26&rft.aulast=Strangeways&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalgazette.com%2Farticle%2F20060527%2FNEWS%2F305279989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillar_de_Onis2017" class="citation web cs1">Villar de Onis, Jimena (September 27, 2017). Aldo Campana (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gfmer.ch/srr/Bolivia.htm">"GFMER Sexual and Reproductive Rights Country Information - Bolivia"</a>. <i>GFMER Sexual and Reproductive Rights Country Information</i>. Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 23,</span> 2017</span>. <q>In 2013, the Armed Forces of Bolivia announced a change in policy, allowing LGBT citizens to serve in its ranks starting 2015.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GFMER+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights+Country+Information&rft.atitle=GFMER+Sexual+and+Reproductive+Rights+Country+Information+-+Bolivia&rft.date=2017-09-27&rft.aulast=Villar+de+Onis&rft.aufirst=Jimena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfmer.ch%2Fsrr%2FBolivia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fcs.edu.uy/investigacion/observatorioFFAA/Informe%20Brasil/Informe%20Brasil013.htm">LGBT people and Military service</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061002175140/http://www.fcs.edu.uy/investigacion/observatorioFFAA/Informe%20Brasil/Informe%20Brasil013.htm">Archived</a> October 2, 2006, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogdofavre.ig.com.br/2010/06/final-feliz-na-caserna/">Final feliz na caserna</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111005035117/http://blogdofavre.ig.com.br/2010/06/final-feliz-na-caserna/">Archived</a> October 5, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2008" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Gary (2008-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7438867.stm">"BBC: Gay soldier's fate grips Brazil"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC%3A+Gay+soldier%27s+fate+grips+Brazil&rft.date=2008-06-05&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F7438867.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlavia_Villela2011" class="citation web cs1">Flavia Villela (2011-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813190702/http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/noticia/2011-05-06/forcas-armadas-vao-garantir-direitos-de-casais-gays-diz-jobim">"Armed Forces will guarantee rights of gay couples, says Jobim"</a>. Agência Brasil. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/noticia/2011-05-06/forcas-armadas-vao-garantir-direitos-de-casais-gays-diz-jobim">the original</a> on 2011-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armed+Forces+will+guarantee+rights+of+gay+couples%2C+says+Jobim&rft.pub=Ag%C3%AAncia+Brasil&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft.au=Flavia+Villela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagenciabrasil.ebc.com.br%2Fnoticia%2F2011-05-06%2Fforcas-armadas-vao-garantir-direitos-de-casais-gays-diz-jobim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606234454/http://www.pop.com.br/popnews/noticias/politica/483700-Jobim_diz_que_vai_analisar_como_decisao_do_STF_sobre_casais_gays_afeta_as_Forcas_Armadas.html">"Jobim says it will examine how the Supreme Court decision on gay couples affects the Armed Forces"</a>. POP. 2011-05-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pop.com.br/popnews/noticias/politica/483700-Jobim_diz_que_vai_analisar_como_decisao_do_STF_sobre_casais_gays_afeta_as_Forcas_Armadas.html">the original</a> on 2014-06-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jobim+says+it+will+examine+how+the+Supreme+Court+decision+on+gay+couples+affects+the+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=POP&rft.date=2011-05-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pop.com.br%2Fpopnews%2Fnoticias%2Fpolitica%2F483700-Jobim_diz_que_vai_analisar_como_decisao_do_STF_sobre_casais_gays_afeta_as_Forcas_Armadas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cenag.uol.com.br/noticias_ler.php?id=ODU4NA==">"Most Brazilians support LGBT people in the Armed Forces"</a>. Cena G. March 1, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Most+Brazilians+support+LGBT+people+in+the+Armed+Forces&rft.pub=Cena+G&rft.date=2012-03-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcenag.uol.com.br%2Fnoticias_ler.php%3Fid%3DODU4NA%3D%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/docid/45f146fd2f.html">"Refworld - Bulgaria: Situation of homosexuals; protection available to victims of harassment or violence; organizations offering assistance or support to sexual minorities (March 2005 - August 2006)"</a>. <i>Refworld</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+-+Bulgaria%3A+Situation+of+homosexuals%3B+protection+available+to+victims+of+harassment+or+violence%3B+organizations+offering+assistance+or+support+to+sexual+minorities+%28March+2005+-+August+2006%29&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F45f146fd2f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725185044/http://www.palmcenter.org/publications/dadt/effects_of_the_1992_lifting_of_restrictions_on_gay_and_lesbian_service_in_the_canadian_forces_appraising_the_e">"Effects of the 1992 Lifting of Restrictions on Gay and Lesbian Service in the Canadian Forces: Appraising the Evidence"</a>. <i>Palm Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/publications/dadt/effects_of_the_1992_lifting_of_restrictions_on_gay_and_lesbian_service_in_the_canadian_forces_appraising_the_e">the original</a> on 25 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palm+Center&rft.atitle=Effects+of+the+1992+Lifting+of+Restrictions+on+Gay+and+Lesbian+Service+in+the+Canadian+Forces%3A+Appraising+the+Evidence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmcenter.org%2Fpublications%2Fdadt%2Feffects_of_the_1992_lifting_of_restrictions_on_gay_and_lesbian_service_in_the_canadian_forces_appraising_the_e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzanne B. Goldberg, "Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces," <i>William & Mary Journal of Women & Law</i> (2011) v 17 pp 547-90 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol17/iss3/3">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/04/world/canadian-military-can-t-bar-homosexuals-a-court-rules.html?pagewanted=1">"Canadian Military Can't Bar Homosexuals, a Court Rules"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 4 November 1992.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Canadian+Military+Can%27t+Bar+Homosexuals%2C+a+Court+Rules&rft.date=1992-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F11%2F04%2Fworld%2Fcanadian-military-can-t-bar-homosexuals-a-court-rules.html%3Fpagewanted%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-metroottawa-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-metroottawa_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-metroottawa_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tattrie, Jon (20 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metronews.ca/ottawa/local/article/607763--being-gay-in-the-military">"Being Gay in the Military"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100824040547/http://www.metronews.ca/ottawa/local/article/607763--being-gay-in-the-military">Archived</a> 2010-08-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metro_International" title="Metro International">Metro Ottawa</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jurist.org/paperchase/2012/04/chile-congress-passes-anti-discrimination-law.php">"Chile Congress passes anti-discrimination law"</a>. Jurist.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chile+Congress+passes+anti-discrimination+law&rft.pub=Jurist.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjurist.org%2Fpaperchase%2F2012%2F04%2Fchile-congress-passes-anti-discrimination-law.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816094928/http://santiagotimes.cl/gay-rights-group-lauds-efforts-make-chilean-military-inclusive/">"Gay rights group lauds efforts to make Chilean military more inclusive"</a>. Santiagotimes.cl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://santiagotimes.cl/gay-rights-group-lauds-efforts-make-chilean-military-inclusive/">the original</a> on 2014-08-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gay+rights+group+lauds+efforts+to+make+Chilean+military+more+inclusive&rft.pub=Santiagotimes.cl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsantiagotimes.cl%2Fgay-rights-group-lauds-efforts-make-chilean-military-inclusive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-28961883">"Chilean sailor makes history after announcing he is gay"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2014-08-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Chilean+sailor+makes+history+after+announcing+he+is+gay&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-28961883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-918685">"Sí A Homosexuales, Con Discreción"</a> [Yes To Gays, With Discretion] (in Spanish). Eltiempo.com. 1999-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=S%C3%AD+A+Homosexuales%2C+Con+Discreci%C3%B3n&rft.pub=Eltiempo.com&rft.date=1999-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eltiempo.com%2Farchivo%2Fdocumento%2FMAM-918685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrhidea_Gaura2012" class="citation web cs1">Orhidea Gaura (2012-06-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arhiva.nacional.hr/clanak/94181/biti-gay-u-hrvatskoj-vojsci">"Biti gay u Hrvatskoj vojsci – Nacional.hr"</a>. Arhiva.nacional.hr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biti+gay+u+Hrvatskoj+vojsci+%E2%80%93+Nacional.hr&rft.pub=Arhiva.nacional.hr&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.au=Orhidea+Gaura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farhiva.nacional.hr%2Fclanak%2F94181%2Fbiti-gay-u-hrvatskoj-vojsci&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/hrvatska-vojska-gay-je-ok-34439">"Hrvatska vojska: Gay je OK - Večernji.hr"</a>. Vecernji.hr<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+vojska%3A+Gay+je+OK+-+Ve%C4%8Dernji.hr&rft.pub=Vecernji.hr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vecernji.hr%2Fhrvatska%2Fhrvatska-vojska-gay-je-ok-34439&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.army.gov.cy/el/file/bWwzlXEZYcr2nxXo9+AUZw==/">"National Guard Law 2011 up to 2018"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Guard+Law+2011+up+to+2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.cy%2Fel%2Ffile%2FbWwzlXEZYcr2nxXo9%2BAUZw%3D%3D%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic_Report-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Czech_Republic_Report_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150217031932/http://www.non-discrimination.net/content/media/2010-CZ-Country%20Report%20LN_final.pdf">"REPORT ON MEASURES TO COMBAT DISCRIMINATION Directives 2000/43/EC and 2000/78/EC COUNTRY REPORT 2010 CZECH REPUBLIC Pavla Boučková State of affairs up to 1st January 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.non-discrimination.net/content/media/2010-CZ-Country%20Report%20LN_final.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REPORT+ON+MEASURES+TO+COMBAT+DISCRIMINATION+Directives+2000%2F43%2FEC+and+2000%2F78%2FEC+COUNTRY+REPORT+2010+CZECH+REPUBLIC+Pavla+Bou%C4%8Dkov%C3%A1+State+of+affairs+up+to+1st+January+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.non-discrimination.net%2Fcontent%2Fmedia%2F2010-CZ-Country%2520Report%2520LN_final.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazdíkDolejší2004" class="citation news cs1">Gazdík, Jan; Dolejší, Václav (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.novinky.cz/domaci/clanek/transsexualce-odvolani-do-armady-nevyslo-316409">"Transsexuálce odvolání do armády nevyšlo"</a>. <i>Novinky.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novinky.cz&rft.atitle=Transsexu%C3%A1lce+odvol%C3%A1n%C3%AD+do+arm%C3%A1dy+nevy%C5%A1lo&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Gazd%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Dolej%C5%A1%C3%AD%2C+V%C3%A1clav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.novinky.cz%2Fdomaci%2Fclanek%2Ftranssexualce-odvolani-do-armady-nevyslo-316409&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazdík2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gazdík, Jan (15 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/narukuji-po-us-army-transsexualove-i-do-ceskeho-vojska/r~be9051e6dc1b11e3a0b90025900fea04/">"Transsexuálové míří do US Army. V Česku mají dveře zavřené"</a>. <i>Aktuálně.cz</i> (in Czech)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aktu%C3%A1ln%C4%9B.cz&rft.atitle=Transsexu%C3%A1lov%C3%A9+m%C3%AD%C5%99%C3%AD+do+US+Army.+V+%C4%8Cesku+maj%C3%AD+dve%C5%99e+zav%C5%99en%C3%A9&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.aulast=Gazd%C3%ADk&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzpravy.aktualne.cz%2Fdomaci%2Fnarukuji-po-us-army-transsexualove-i-do-ceskeho-vojska%2Fr~be9051e6dc1b11e3a0b90025900fea04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDietertDentice2015" class="citation journal cs1">Dietert, Michelle; Dentice, Dianne (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015584231">"The Transgender Military Experience: Their Battle for Workplace Rights"</a>. <i>SAGE Open</i>. <b>5</b> (2): 2158244015584231. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244015584231">10.1177/2158244015584231</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=The+Transgender+Military+Experience%3A+Their+Battle+for+Workplace+Rights&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=2158244015584231&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244015584231&rft.aulast=Dietert&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft.au=Dentice%2C+Dianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F2158244015584231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChládková2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chládková, Kateřina (27 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zpravy.aktualne.cz/domaci/ceska-armada-se-vojaku-na-zmenu-pohlavi-nepta-trump-transsex/r~d5ad29cc72bc11e79c3f0025900fea04/">"Česká armáda se vojáků na změnu pohlaví neptá. Trump transsexuály vykázal, u nás může sloužit každý"</a>. <i>Aktuálně.cz</i> (in Czech)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aktu%C3%A1ln%C4%9B.cz&rft.atitle=%C4%8Cesk%C3%A1+arm%C3%A1da+se+voj%C3%A1k%C5%AF+na+zm%C4%9Bnu+pohlav%C3%AD+nept%C3%A1.+Trump+transsexu%C3%A1ly+vyk%C3%A1zal%2C+u+n%C3%A1s+m%C5%AF%C5%BEe+slou%C5%BEit+ka%C5%BEd%C3%BD&rft.date=2017-07-27&rft.aulast=Chl%C3%A1dkov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Kate%C5%99ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzpravy.aktualne.cz%2Fdomaci%2Fceska-armada-se-vojaku-na-zmenu-pohlavi-nepta-trump-transsex%2Fr~d5ad29cc72bc11e79c3f0025900fea04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonigsberg1992" class="citation news cs1">Konigsberg, Eric (November 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n11_v24/ai_12856481/">"Gays in arms: can gays in the military work? In countries around the world, they already do"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Monthly" class="mw-redirect" title="The Washington Monthly">The Washington Monthly</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=Gays+in+arms%3A+can+gays+in+the+military+work%3F+In+countries+around+the+world%2C+they+already+do&rft.date=1992-11&rft.aulast=Konigsberg&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffindarticles.com%2Fp%2Farticles%2Fmi_m1316%2Fis_n11_v24%2Fai_12856481%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhv.se/customer/templates/NewsPage.aspx?epslanguage=EN&id=2041">Sexual Orientation Discrimination in Denmark. – a study of the experiences and perceptions of six homosexual men in the Danish Armed Forces</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203055036/http://www.nhv.se/customer/templates/NewsPage.aspx?epslanguage=EN&id=2041">Archived</a> 2013-12-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Associated professor Ina Borup, NHV — Nordic School of Public Health, Jan 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuneke2022" class="citation book cs1">Huneke, Samuel Clowes (2022). <i>States of Liberation: Gay Men between Dictatorship and Democracy in Cold War Germany</i>. University of Toronto Press. p. 214. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-4213-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4875-4213-9"><bdi>978-1-4875-4213-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=States+of+Liberation%3A+Gay+Men+between+Dictatorship+and+Democracy+in+Cold+War+Germany&rft.pages=214&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-1-4875-4213-9&rft.aulast=Huneke&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Clowes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109024628/https://www.usfq.edu.ec/sites/default/files/2020-07/enfoque_2016_07.pdf">El camino hacia la inclusión. La homosexualidad en el ejército</a>. <i>Enfoque</i>. Retrieved on November 8, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahsab.de/">A.H.s.A.B. – Arbeitskreis homosexueller Angehöriger der Bundeswehr</a> (Site is only in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-queer-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-queer_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-queer_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.queer.de/detail.php?article_id=10083">"Argentinien und die Philippinen beenden Homo-Verbot im Militär"</a> [Argentina and the Philippines end the military gay ban] (in German). queer.de. March 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Argentinien+und+die+Philippinen+beenden+Homo-Verbot+im+Milit%C3%A4r&rft.date=2009-03-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.queer.de%2Fdetail.php%3Farticle_id%3D10083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. two orders of 2000: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerman_Military_Forces_(Bundeswehr)2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">German Military Forces (Bundeswehr) (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206023737/http://www.ahsab.de/recherche.php?aktion=show_one&show=Recherche&id=16&download=Anlage%20B%20173.pdf">"Anlage B 173 zu ZDv 14/3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Working Group 'Homosexuals in the Bundeswehr'. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahsab.de/recherche.php?aktion=show_one&show=Recherche&id=16&download=Anlage%20B%20173.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anlage+B+173+zu+ZDv+14%2F3&rft.pub=Working+Group+%27Homosexuals+in+the+Bundeswehr%27&rft.date=2000&rft.au=German+Military+Forces+%28Bundeswehr%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahsab.de%2Frecherche.php%3Faktion%3Dshow_one%26show%3DRecherche%26id%3D16%26download%3DAnlage%2520B%2520173.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span> ; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInspector_General_of_the_German_Military_Forces_(Bundeswehr)2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Inspector General of the German Military Forces (Bundeswehr) (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090206023720/http://www.ahsab.de/recherche.php?aktion=show_one&show=Recherche&id=16&download=sexualitaet.pdf">"Führungshilfe für Vorgesetzte – Sexualität"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Working Group 'Homosexuals in the Bundeswehr'. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahsab.de/recherche.php?aktion=show_one&show=Recherche&id=16&download=sexualitaet.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on February 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=F%C3%BChrungshilfe+f%C3%BCr+Vorgesetzte+%E2%80%93+Sexualit%C3%A4t&rft.pub=Working+Group+%27Homosexuals+in+the+Bundeswehr%27&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Inspector+General+of+the+German+Military+Forces+%28Bundeswehr%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahsab.de%2Frecherche.php%3Faktion%3Dshow_one%26show%3DRecherche%26id%3D16%26download%3Dsexualitaet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171007194746/http://www.omhroi.gr/images/sections/SI.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omhroi.gr/images/sections/SI.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2017-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omhroi.gr%2Fimages%2Fsections%2FSI.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160605205106/http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3421_05.htm"><bdi lang="el">ΝΟΜΟΣ 3421</bdi></a> [PREFECTURE 3421] (in Greek). Dsanet.gr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsanet.gr/Epikairothta/Nomothesia/n3421_05.htm">the original</a> on 2016-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%9D%CE%9F%CE%9C%CE%9F%CE%A3+3421&rft.pub=Dsanet.gr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsanet.gr%2FEpikairothta%2FNomothesia%2Fn3421_05.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_palmcenter-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_palmcenter_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090824065255/http://www.palmcenter.org/files/active/0/CountriesWithoutBan.pdf">"Countries that Allow Military Service by Openly Gay People"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. PalmCenter. June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/files/active/0/CountriesWithoutBan.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2009-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+that+Allow+Military+Service+by+Openly+Gay+People&rft.pub=PalmCenter&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmcenter.org%2Ffiles%2Factive%2F0%2FCountriesWithoutBan.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland_military.ie_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120707035010/http://www.military.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/images/Info_Centre/Docs2/EqualityPolicy_Dec07.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.military.ie/fileadmin/user_upload/images/Info_Centre/Docs2/EqualityPolicy_Dec07.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.military.ie%2Ffileadmin%2Fuser_upload%2Fimages%2FInfo_Centre%2FDocs2%2FEqualityPolicy_Dec07.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cathal Kelly, International Secretary of the National Lesbian and Gay Foundation, which implements recent equality legislation in Ireland, says that the Employment Equality Act of 1998 applies to the Irish military.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <i>Irish Independent</i>, May 1993<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyal Ben-Ari, Danny Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Arms: Managing Gay Identity in Combat Units of the Israel Army," <i>Sage Publications</i> (2000):400.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/02/opinion/02shalikashvili.html?_r=1">Second Thoughts on Gays in the Military</a>, By JOHN M. SHALIKASHVILI, January 2, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-online-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-online_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suzanne B. Goldberg, "Open Service and Our Allies: A Report on the Inclusion of Openly Gay and Lesbian Servicemembers in U.S. Allies' Armed Forces," <i>William & Mary Journal of Women & Law</i> (2011) v 17 pp 547-90 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmjowl/vol17/iss3/3">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eichner-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eichner_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eichner_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEichner2007" class="citation news cs1">Eichner, Itamar (2007-02-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3362505,00.html">"Follow Israel's example on gays in the military, US study says"</a>. <i>Ynetnews</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Follow+Israel%27s+example+on+gays+in+the+military%2C+US+study+says&rft.date=2007-02-08&rft.aulast=Eichner&rft.aufirst=Itamar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3362505%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The chief of staff's policy states that it is strictly forbidden to harm or hurt anyone's dignity or feeling based on their gender or sexual orientation in any way, including signs, slogans, pictures, poems, lectures, any means of guidance, propaganda, publishing, voicing, and utterance.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2013">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.filmforum.org/films/yossi/israelstudyafs.pdf">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044435/http://www.filmforum.org/films/yossi/israelstudyafs.pdf">Archived</a> December 14, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/node/554">Did Lifting the Gay Ban Undermine Military Performance?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110218191205/http://www.palmcenter.org/node/554">Archived</a> 2011-02-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Palm Centre, Jun 04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=273609">[2]</a>, "Does viral IDF Gay Pride photo show full picture?" By Yaakov Katz, Jerusalem Post, June 12, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben-Ari, Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Army," 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben-Ari, Kaplan, "Brothers and Others in Army," 421</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy_military-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Italy_military_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thevision.com/attualita/lgbtq-forze-dell-ordine/">"La comunità LGBTQ in divisa rischia la vita ogni giorno per noi. Ma nessuno combatte per loro"</a>. <i>THE VISION</i> (in Italian). 11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=THE+VISION&rft.atitle=La+comunit%C3%A0+LGBTQ+in+divisa+rischia+la+vita+ogni+giorno+per+noi.+Ma+nessuno+combatte+per+loro.&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthevision.com%2Fattualita%2Flgbtq-forze-dell-ordine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeremy_Johnson_May_8,_20122012" class="citation web cs1">Jeremy Johnson May 8, 2012 (2012-05-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616004702/http://www.palmcenter.org/press/dadt/releases/asias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan">"Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan"</a>. Palm Center. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/press/dadt/releases/asias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan">the original</a> on June 16, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+Silence+on+Gays+in+Military+Broken+by+Taiwan&rft.pub=Palm+Center&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft.au=Jeremy+Johnson+May+8%2C+2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmcenter.org%2Fpress%2Fdadt%2Freleases%2Fasias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2010-02-09/local-news/AFM-Denies-discrimination-on-basis-of-sexual-orientation-270106">AFM Denies discrimination on basis of sexual orientation</a> The Malta Independent</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedellín,_Jorge_Alejandro2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Medellín, Jorge Alejandro (17 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msemanal.com/node/3117">"Homosexualidad y Ejército"</a> [Homosexuality and the Military]. <i>M Semanal</i> (in Spanish). <a href="/wiki/Milenio" title="Milenio">Milenio</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M+Semanal&rft.atitle=Homosexualidad+y+Ej%C3%A9rcito&rft.date=2010-10-17&rft.au=Medell%C3%ADn%2C+Jorge+Alejandro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msemanal.com%2Fnode%2F3117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111093335/http://www.bilerico.com/2011/10/gay_in_mexico_a_cautious_quinceanera.php">"Gay in Mexico: A Cautious Quinceañera"</a>. <i>The Bilerico Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bilerico.com/2011/10/gay_in_mexico_a_cautious_quinceanera.php">the original</a> on 11 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bilerico+Project&rft.atitle=Gay+in+Mexico%3A+A+Cautious+Quincea%C3%B1era&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bilerico.com%2F2011%2F10%2Fgay_in_mexico_a_cautious_quinceanera.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraves2018" class="citation web cs1">Graves, Logan (19 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://victoryinstitute.org/two-wins-in-mexicos-fight-to-extend-lgbtq-equality/">"Two Wins in Mexico's Fight to Extend LGBTQ Equality"</a>. <i>LGBTQ Victory Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LGBTQ+Victory+Institute&rft.atitle=Two+Wins+in+Mexico%27s+Fight+to+Extend+LGBTQ+Equality&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Logan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvictoryinstitute.org%2Ftwo-wins-in-mexicos-fight-to-extend-lgbtq-equality%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Mexico_vice2017_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillermo_Rivera2017" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guillermo Rivera (14 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/es_latam/article/7xk9kg/vivir-con-vih-en-el-ejercito-mexicano-son-mas-de-cien-y-no-tienen-derecho-a-llorar">"Vivir con VIH en el ejército mexicano: son más de cien y no tienen derecho a 'llorar'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a></i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice+News&rft.atitle=Vivir+con+VIH+en+el+ej%C3%A9rcito+mexicano%3A+son+m%C3%A1s+de+cien+y+no+tienen+derecho+a+%27llorar%27&rft.date=2017-09-14&rft.au=Guillermo+Rivera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fes_latam%2Farticle%2F7xk9kg%2Fvivir-con-vih-en-el-ejercito-mexicano-son-mas-de-cien-y-no-tienen-derecho-a-llorar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shilts, p. 572</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRADM_Al_Steinman_USPHS/USCG_(Ret)2008" class="citation news cs1">RADM Al Steinman USPHS/USCG (Ret) (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaymilitarysignal.com/0812Steinman.html">"President Obama and the Future of Don't Ask, Don't Tell"</a>. Gay Military Signal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Obama+and+the+Future+of+Don%27t+Ask%2C+Don%27t+Tell&rft.date=2008-12&rft.au=RADM+Al+Steinman+USPHS%2FUSCG+%28Ret%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gaymilitarysignal.com%2F0812Steinman.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Estrada, Armando. Attitudes of Military Personnel Toward Homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 37(4), 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newshub.co.nz/nznews/gay-support-network-for-nz-military-2011120607">"Gay support network for NZ military"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newshub" title="Newshub">Newshub</a>. 5 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gay+support+network+for+NZ+military&rft.pub=Newshub&rft.date=2011-12-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newshub.co.nz%2Fnznews%2Fgay-support-network-for-nz-military-2011120607&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLimited" class="citation web cs1">Limited, iSite Interactive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190125095219/http://www.neon.org.nz/trackingequalityatwork/sexualorientation/">"Sexual orientation"</a>. National Equality Opportunities Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neon.org.nz/trackingequalityatwork/sexualorientation/">the original</a> on 25 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sexual+orientation&rft.pub=National+Equality+Opportunities+Network&rft.aulast=Limited&rft.aufirst=iSite+Interactive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neon.org.nz%2Ftrackingequalityatwork%2Fsexualorientation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/nb/dep/bld/aktuelt/taler_artikler/ministeren/taler-og-artikler-av-barne--likestilling/2010/60-ars-homokamp-Sta-oppreist-og-samlet.html?id=609168">"60 års homokamp: Stå oppreist og samlet"</a> [60 years of gay game: Stand upright and collected]. regjeringen.no. 2010-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=60+%C3%A5rs+homokamp%3A+St%C3%A5+oppreist+og+samlet&rft.date=2010-06-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fnb%2Fdep%2Fbld%2Faktuelt%2Ftaler_artikler%2Fministeren%2Ftaler-og-artikler-av-barne--likestilling%2F2010%2F60-ars-homokamp-Sta-oppreist-og-samlet.html%3Fid%3D609168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n11_v24/ai_12856481/">Gays in arms: can gays in the military work? In countries around the world, they already do</a> Washington Monthly, Nov 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru_ilga.info-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Peru_ilga.info_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/peru.htm">Legal survey: Peru</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070813215305/http://www.ilga.info/Information/Legal_survey/americas/peru.htm">Archived</a> 13 August 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved 23 August 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSenate_Committee_on_Armed_Services1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Committee on Armed Services</a> (1994). <i>Policy Concerning Homosexuality in the Armed Forces: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session, March 29, 31; April 29; May 7, 10, 11; July 20, 21, 22, 1993</i>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 920. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-046288-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-046288-7"><bdi>978-0-16-046288-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policy+Concerning+Homosexuality+in+the+Armed+Forces%3A+Hearings+Before+the+Committee+on+Armed+Services%2C+United+States+Senate%2C+One+Hundred+Third+Congress%2C+Second+Session%2C+March+29%2C+31%3B+April+29%3B+May+7%2C+10%2C+11%3B+July+20%2C+21%2C+22%2C+1993&rft.pages=920&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-16-046288-7&rft.au=Senate+Committee+on+Armed+Services&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icj.org/sogicasebook/sentencia-0023-2003-aitc-constitutional-tribunal-of-peru-9-june-2004/">"Sentencia 0023-2003-AI/TC, Constitutional Tribunal of Peru (9 June 2004)"</a>. <i>International Commission of Jurists</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Commission+of+Jurists&rft.atitle=Sentencia+0023-2003-AI%2FTC%2C+Constitutional+Tribunal+of+Peru+%289+June+2004%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj.org%2Fsogicasebook%2Fsentencia-0023-2003-aitc-constitutional-tribunal-of-peru-9-june-2004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iglhrc.org/content/philippines-acceptance-gays-military-does-not-mean-equality-yet">"The Philippines: Acceptance of Gays in the Military does not Mean Equality (Yet)"</a>. <i>IGLHRC: International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission</i>. 2009-03-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IGLHRC%3A+International+Gay+and+Lesbian+Human+Rights+Commission&rft.atitle=The+Philippines%3A+Acceptance+of+Gays+in+the+Military+does+not+Mean+Equality+%28Yet%29&rft.date=2009-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Figlhrc.org%2Fcontent%2Fphilippines-acceptance-gays-military-does-not-mean-equality-yet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2012" class="citation web cs1">Romero, Alexis (2012-07-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/2012/07/11/826580/no-pda-cross-dressing-gay-cadets-pma">"No PDA, cross-dressing for gay cadets at PMA | News Feature, News, The Philippine Star"</a>. philstar.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+PDA%2C+cross-dressing+for+gay+cadets+at+PMA+%26%23124%3B+News+Feature%2C+News%2C+The+Philippine+Star&rft.pub=philstar.com&rft.date=2012-07-11&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fnews-feature%2F2012%2F07%2F11%2F826580%2Fno-pda-cross-dressing-gay-cadets-pma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">↑ Craig A. Rimmerman: Gay rights, military wrongs: political perspectives on lesbians and gays in the military. New York: Garland Pub., 1996, s. 13. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8153-2086-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8153-2086-8">0-8153-2086-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikora2013" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sikora, Kamil (5 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://natemat.pl/70501,homoseksualizm-w-wojsku-najwieksze-tabu-polskiej-armii">"Homoseksualizm w wojsku – największe tabu polskiej armii"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NaTemat.pl" title="NaTemat.pl">naTemat.pl</a></i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=naTemat.pl&rft.atitle=Homoseksualizm+w+wojsku+%E2%80%93+najwi%C4%99ksze+tabu+polskiej+armii&rft.date=2013-08-05&rft.aulast=Sikora&rft.aufirst=Kamil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnatemat.pl%2F70501%2Chomoseksualizm-w-wojsku-najwieksze-tabu-polskiej-armii&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rp.pl/Sluzby-mundurowe/304189925-Wojsko-nie-chce-osob-transseksualnych.html">"Wojsko nie chce osób transseksualnych"</a>. <i>www.rp.pl</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rp.pl&rft.atitle=Wojsko+nie+chce+os%C3%B3b+transseksualnych&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rp.pl%2FSluzby-mundurowe%2F304189925-Wojsko-nie-chce-osob-transseksualnych.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://typo3.lsvd.de/fileadmin/pics/Dokumente/Homosexualitaet/World_legal_wrap_up_survey._November2006.pdf">[3]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310152845/http://typo3.lsvd.de/fileadmin/pics/Dokumente/Homosexualitaet/World_legal_wrap_up_survey._November2006.pdf">Archived</a> March 10, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/news/world/portugal-military-chief-resigns-over-remark-on-gay-soldiers_1873885.html">"Portugal military chief resigns over remark on gay soldiers"</a>. 8 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+military+chief+resigns+over+remark+on+gay+soldiers&rft.date=2016-04-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fportugal-military-chief-resigns-over-remark-on-gay-soldiers_1873885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721190016/http://stiri.zoot.ro/Dilema-Armatei-romane-cu-sau-fara-homosexuali%2C182428.html">"Dilema Armatei romane: cu sau fara homosexuali"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stiri.zoot.ro/Dilema-Armatei-romane-cu-sau-fara-homosexuali,182428.html">the original</a> on July 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dilema+Armatei+romane%3A+cu+sau+fara+homosexuali&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstiri.zoot.ro%2FDilema-Armatei-romane-cu-sau-fara-homosexuali%2C182428.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_RUS33940-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_RUS33940_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ad788c.html">"Russia: Update to RUS13194 of 16 February 1993 on the treatment of homosexuals"</a>. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 29 February 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121008022812/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ad788c.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+Update+to+RUS13194+of+16+February+1993+on+the+treatment+of+homosexuals&rft.pub=Immigration+and+Refugee+Board+of+Canada&rft.date=2000-02-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fdocid%2F3ae6ad788c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_ILGA_RFDHO-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_ILGA_RFDHO_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1999" class="citation web cs1">Warner, Nigel (November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725054034/http://www.france.qrd.org/assocs/ilga/euroletter/75.html">"The Russian Federation has dropped "homosexual orientation" from its new classification of mental and behaviour disorders"</a>. <i>ILGA Euroletter 75]</i>. France QRD]. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://france.qrd.org/assocs/ilga/euroletter/75.html">the original</a> on 2008-07-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ILGA+Euroletter+75%5D&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Federation+has+dropped+%22homosexual+orientation%22+from+its+new+classification+of+mental+and+behaviour+disorders&rft.date=1999-11&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrance.qrd.org%2Fassocs%2Filga%2Feuroletter%2F75.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2848467.stm">"Russian army to ban gays"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. 13 March 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425171422/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2848467.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+army+to+ban+gays&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2848467.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_PravdaOL-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_PravdaOL_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090526044559/http://english.pravda.ru/main/18/90/362/11406_GayArmy.html">"Gays are not Willingly Accepted in the Russian Army"</a>. <i>Pravda Online</i>. 1 December 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/main/18/90/362/11406_GayArmy.html">the original</a> on 2009-05-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pravda+Online&rft.atitle=Gays+are+not+Willingly+Accepted+in+the+Russian+Army&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fmain%2F18%2F90%2F362%2F11406_GayArmy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_kulikov-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_kulikov_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/business/finance/01-12-2003/4207-gayarmy-0/">"Gays are not willingly accepted in the Russian army"</a>. <i>Pravda.ru</i>. 1 December 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150425175317/http://english.pravda.ru/business/finance/01-12-2003/4207-gayarmy-0/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pravda.ru&rft.atitle=Gays+are+not+willingly+accepted+in+the+Russian+army&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.pravda.ru%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2F01-12-2003%2F4207-gayarmy-0%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia_bbcarmy_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21194719">"Russian army put on alert for tell-tale tattoos"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 January 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201232656/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21194719">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russian+army+put+on+alert+for+tell-tale+tattoos&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-21194719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpinella2013" class="citation news cs1">Spinella, Peter (25 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/new-soldiers-face-gay-tattoo-check/474484.html?photo=1">"New soldiers face gay tattoo check"</a>. <i>Moscow Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215123/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/new-soldiers-face-gay-tattoo-check/474484.html?photo=1">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=New+soldiers+face+gay+tattoo+check&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft.aulast=Spinella&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fnew-soldiers-face-gay-tattoo-check%2F474484.html%3Fphoto%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAyndrila_Banerjee2023" class="citation news cs1">Ayndrila Banerjee (5 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/world/duma-to-ban-gender-reassignment-without-surgery-as-russian-men-go-for-sex-change-to-avoid-fighting-ukraine-12551312.html">"Duma to ban gender reassignment without surgery as Russian men go for sex change to avoid fighting Ukraine"</a>. FirstPost. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506053212/https://www.firstpost.com/world/duma-to-ban-gender-reassignment-without-surgery-as-russian-men-go-for-sex-change-to-avoid-fighting-ukraine-12551312.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Duma+to+ban+gender+reassignment+without+surgery+as+Russian+men+go+for+sex+change+to+avoid+fighting+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft.au=Ayndrila+Banerjee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Fworld%2Fduma-to-ban-gender-reassignment-without-surgery-as-russian-men-go-for-sex-change-to-avoid-fighting-ukraine-12551312.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/post/16620">"Russian Duma Plans Ban on Sex Change Without Surgery to Stop Evasion of Military Service"</a>. Kyiv Post. 5 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230506053212/https://www.kyivpost.com/post/16620">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russian+Duma+Plans+Ban+on+Sex+Change+Without+Surgery+to+Stop+Evasion+of+Military+Service&rft.date=2023-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fpost%2F16620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consigliograndeegenerale.sm/on-line/home/in-evidenza-in-home-page/scheda17140309.html">Decreto Delegato 11 febbraio 2015 N.13 - Codice di condotta per gli appartenenti ai Corpi di Polizia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vesti.rs Serbian news and information website, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vesti.rs/Vesti/Homoseksualci-mogu-u-profesionalnu-vojsku.html">http://www.vesti.rs/Vesti/Homoseksualci-mogu-u-profesionalnu-vojsku.html</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElegant2003" class="citation magazine cs1">Elegant, Simon (7 July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070203141611/http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501030707/sea_singapore4.html">"The Lion In Winter"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time Asia</a></i>. Hong Kong. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/asia/covers/501030707/sea_singapore4.html">the original</a> on 3 February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time+Asia&rft.atitle=The+Lion+In+Winter&rft.date=2003-07-07&rft.aulast=Elegant&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fasia%2Fcovers%2F501030707%2Fsea_singapore4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ricemedia.co/culture-people-homosexuality-saf/">"What's It Like To Come Out As Gay To The SAF?"</a>. <i>RICE</i>. 27 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RICE&rft.atitle=What%27s+It+Like+To+Come+Out+As+Gay+To+The+SAF%3F&rft.date=2020-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ricemedia.co%2Fculture-people-homosexuality-saf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/177475/americka-armada-mozno-skonci-diskriminaciu-homosexualov/">"Americká armáda možno skončí diskrimináciu homosexuálov"</a>. <i>Aktuality.sk</i> (in Slovak)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aktuality.sk&rft.atitle=Americk%C3%A1+arm%C3%A1da+mo%C5%BEno+skon%C4%8D%C3%AD+diskrimin%C3%A1ciu+homosexu%C3%A1lov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aktuality.sk%2Fclanok%2F177475%2Famericka-armada-mozno-skonci-diskriminaciu-homosexualov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/147392-vojakom-chyba-v-armade-sukromie/">"Vojakom chýba v armáde súkromie"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda.sk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pravda.sk">Pravda.sk</a></i> (in Slovak). <a href="/wiki/TASR" class="mw-redirect" title="TASR">TASR</a>. 10 February 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pravda.sk&rft.atitle=Vojakom+ch%C3%BDba+v+arm%C3%A1de+s%C3%BAkromie&rft.date=2005-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fspravy.pravda.sk%2Fdomace%2Fclanok%2F147392-vojakom-chyba-v-armade-sukromie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legalminds.lp.findlaw.com/list/queerlaw-edit/msg02568.html">"*QL-ED*: SLOVENIA: ban on discrimination in employment nationwide"</a>. Legalminds.lp.findlaw.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%2AQL-ED%2A%3A+SLOVENIA%3A+ban+on+discrimination+in+employment+nationwide&rft.pub=Legalminds.lp.findlaw.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegalminds.lp.findlaw.com%2Flist%2Fqueerlaw-edit%2Fmsg02568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110616144303/http://www.info.gov.za/whitepapers/1996/defencwp.htm">"White Paper on National Defence for the Republic of South Africa: Defence in a Democracy"</a>. Government of South Africa. 8 May 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.info.gov.za/whitepapers/1996/defencwp.htm">the original</a> on 16 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=White+Paper+on+National+Defence+for+the+Republic+of+South+Africa%3A+Defence+in+a+Democracy&rft.pub=Government+of+South+Africa&rft.date=1996-05-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.info.gov.za%2Fwhitepapers%2F1996%2Fdefencwp.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGBT_rights_in_South_Africa_canaday_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelkinCanaday2011" class="citation journal cs1">Belkin, Aaron; Canaday, Margot (10 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5787%2F38-2-87">"Assessing the integration of gays and lesbians into the South African National Defence Force"</a>. <i>Scientia Militaria</i>. <b>38</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5787%2F38-2-87">10.5787/38-2-87</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientia+Militaria&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+integration+of+gays+and+lesbians+into+the+South+African+National+Defence+Force&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2011-08-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5787%2F38-2-87&rft.aulast=Belkin&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Canaday%2C+Margot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5787%252F38-2-87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Transexuales en el Ejército Español, Miguel Ruiz, February 10, 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSundevallPersson2016" class="citation journal cs1">Sundevall, Fia; Persson, Alma (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841839">"LGBT in the Military: Policy Development in Sweden 1944–2014"</a>. <i>Sexuality Research and Social Policy</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 119–129. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs13178-015-0217-6">10.1007/s13178-015-0217-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4841839">4841839</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27195050">27195050</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sexuality+Research+and+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=LGBT+in+the+Military%3A+Policy+Development+in+Sweden+1944%E2%80%932014&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=119-129&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4841839%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27195050&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs13178-015-0217-6&rft.aulast=Sundevall&rft.aufirst=Fia&rft.au=Persson%2C+Alma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4841839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwedish_Armed_Forces" class="citation web cs1">Swedish Armed Forces. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516214625/http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/en/about/mission-statement-and-vision/our-core-values/">"Our Core values"</a>. <i>Försvarsmakten</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forsvarsmakten.se/en/about/mission-statement-and-vision/our-core-values/">the original</a> on 2016-05-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=F%C3%B6rsvarsmakten&rft.atitle=Our+Core+values&rft.au=Swedish+Armed+Forces&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.forsvarsmakten.se%2Fen%2Fabout%2Fmission-statement-and-vision%2Four-core-values%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603042615/http://www.samesame.com.au/news/12541/Swedish-Army-Some-things-you-should-not-have-to-camouflage">"Swedish Army: "Some things you should not have to camouflage"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>samesame</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samesame.com.au/news/12541/Swedish-Army-Some-things-you-should-not-have-to-camouflage">the original</a> on 2016-06-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=samesame&rft.atitle=Swedish+Army%3A+%22Some+things+you+should+not+have+to+camouflage%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samesame.com.au%2Fnews%2F12541%2FSwedish-Army-Some-things-you-should-not-have-to-camouflage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-taiwan-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-taiwan_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-taiwan_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616004702/http://www.palmcenter.org/press/dadt/releases/asias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan">"Asia's Silence on Gays in Military Broken by Taiwan"</a>. PalmCenter. May 15, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palmcenter.org/press/dadt/releases/asias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan">the original</a> on 16 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Asia%27s+Silence+on+Gays+in+Military+Broken+by+Taiwan&rft.pub=PalmCenter&rft.date=2002-05-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palmcenter.org%2Fpress%2Fdadt%2Freleases%2Fasias_silence_on_gays_in_military_broken_by_taiwan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" class="citation web cs1">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/docid/47d6547d28.html">"Refworld - Thailand: Situation and treatment of homosexuals, transsexuals and transgender persons; whether the government updated the constitution to provide rights to homosexuals, transsexuals and transgender persons (2005-2007)"</a>. <i>Refworld</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+-+Thailand%3A+Situation+and+treatment+of+homosexuals%2C+transsexuals+and+transgender+persons%3B+whether+the+government+updated+the+constitution+to+provide+rights+to+homosexuals%2C+transsexuals+and+transgender+persons+%282005-2007%29&rft.au=United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Refugees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F47d6547d28.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gothaibefree.com/lgbt-thailand/">"Go Thai Be Free / Gay Life in Thailand"</a>. <i>gothaibefree.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gothaibefree.com&rft.atitle=Go+Thai+Be+Free+%2F+Gay+Life+in+Thailand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgothaibefree.com%2Flgbt-thailand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0JY0K620141220">"Ukraine to spend five percent of 2015 budget on defense and security"</a>. <i>reuters</i>. 20 December 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924211714/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/12/20/us-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0JY0K620141220">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-09-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine+to+spend+five+percent+of+2015+budget+on+defense+and+security&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-ukraine-crisis-military-idUSKBN0JY0K620141220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_NashMir07-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_NashMir07_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndriy_MaymulakhinOlexandr_ZinchenkovAndriy_Kravchuk2007" class="citation web cs1">Andriy Maymulakhin; Olexandr Zinchenkov; Andriy Kravchuk (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gay.org.ua/publications/gay_ukraine_2007-e.pdf">"Ukrainian Homosexuals and Society - Report 2007"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Kyiv: LGBT Human Rights NASH MIR Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+Homosexuals+and+Society+-+Report+2007&rft.place=Kyiv&rft.pub=LGBT+Human+Rights+NASH+MIR+Center&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Andriy+Maymulakhin&rft.au=Olexandr+Zinchenkov&rft.au=Andriy+Kravchuk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gay.org.ua%2Fpublications%2Fgay_ukraine_2007-e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko_112-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Pylypenko_112-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/lgbtq-troops-and-vets-go-to-war-with-homophobia-in-ukraine/a-58059054">"LGBTQ troops and vets go to war with homophobia in Ukraine"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i>. 2011-06-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=LGBTQ+troops+and+vets+go+to+war+with+homophobia+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2011-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Flgbtq-troops-and-vets-go-to-war-with-homophobia-in-ukraine%2Fa-58059054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSima2019" class="citation news cs1">Sima, Milan (19 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/jsem-gay-verejne-priznal-ukrajinsky-vojak-aby-narod-pochopil-ze-i-homosexualove-jsou-vlastenci-70264">"Jsem gay, veřejně přiznal ukrajinský voják. Aby národ pochopil, že i homosexuálové jsou vlastenci"</a>. <i>www.seznamzpravy.cz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.seznamzpravy.cz&rft.atitle=Jsem+gay%2C+ve%C5%99ejn%C4%9B+p%C5%99iznal+ukrajinsk%C3%BD+voj%C3%A1k.+Aby+n%C3%A1rod+pochopil%2C+%C5%BEe+i+homosexu%C3%A1lov%C3%A9+jsou+vlastenci&rft.date=2019-04-19&rft.aulast=Sima&rft.aufirst=Milan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seznamzpravy.cz%2Fclanek%2Fjsem-gay-verejne-priznal-ukrajinsky-vojak-aby-narod-pochopil-ze-i-homosexualove-jsou-vlastenci-70264&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2021/07/18/7300880/">"I had a friend and now I have a girlfriend." How the Ukrainian LGBT military is coming out of the shadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a> (18 July 2021)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observers.france24.com/en/europe/20220809-we-re-breaking-stereotypes-lgbt-soldiers-hope-ukraine-moves-towards-same-sex-marriage">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We're breaking stereotypes': LGBT+ soldiers hope Ukraine moves towards same-sex marriage"</a>. <i>France24</i>. 9 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+breaking+stereotypes%27%3A+LGBT%2B+soldiers+hope+Ukraine+moves+towards+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobservers.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20220809-we-re-breaking-stereotypes-lgbt-soldiers-hope-ukraine-moves-towards-same-sex-marriage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Garcia_2022-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Garcia_2022_116-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia2022" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, Horaci (31 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-unicorn-lgbtq-soldiers-head-war-2022-05-31/">"Ukraine's 'unicorn' LGBTQ soldiers head for war"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230803173544/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraines-unicorn-lgbtq-soldiers-head-war-2022-05-31/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+%27unicorn%27+LGBTQ+soldiers+head+for+war&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft.aulast=Garcia&rft.aufirst=Horaci&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraines-unicorn-lgbtq-soldiers-head-war-2022-05-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Economist_2023-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_Ukraine_Economist_2023_117-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2023/04/05/ukraines-gay-soldiers-fight-russia-and-for-their-rights">"Ukraine's gay soldiers fight Russia—and for their rights"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i>. 5 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+gay+soldiers+fight+Russia%E2%80%94and+for+their+rights&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2023%2F04%2F05%2Fukraines-gay-soldiers-fight-russia-and-for-their-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2013/30/contents">"Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013"</a>. Legislation.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Marriage+%28Same+Sex+Couples%29+Act+2013&rft.pub=Legislation.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F2013%2F30%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroverman2010" class="citation news cs1">Broverman, Neal (2010-12-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/12/20/Repeal_To_Be_Signed_Wednesday/">"Repeal to be Signed Wednesday"</a>. Advocate.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Repeal+to+be+Signed+Wednesday&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft.aulast=Broverman&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadvocate.com%2FNews%2FDaily_News%2F2010%2F12%2F20%2FRepeal_To_Be_Signed_Wednesday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-wapo-201106-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-us-wapo-201106_120-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keefe2011" class="citation news cs1">O'Keefe, Ed (June 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/federal-eye/post/gates-open-to-ending-dont-ask-dont-tell-before-he-goes/2011/06/13/AGwtRMUH_blog.html">"Gates open to ending 'don't ask, don't tell' before leaving"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gates+open+to+ending+%27don%27t+ask%2C+don%27t+tell%27+before+leaving&rft.date=2011-06-13&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Ffederal-eye%2Fpost%2Fgates-open-to-ending-dont-ask-dont-tell-before-he-goes%2F2011%2F06%2F13%2FAGwtRMUH_blog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chsc-2011-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chsc-2011_121-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chsc-2011_121-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnna_Mulrine2011" class="citation news cs1">Anna Mulrine (April 4, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Military/2011/0404/Pentagon-Don-t-ask-don-t-tell-could-be-gone-by-September">"Pentagon: 'Don't ask, don't tell' could be gone by September"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Pentagon%3A+%27Don%27t+ask%2C+don%27t+tell%27+could+be+gone+by+September&rft.date=2011-04-04&rft.au=Anna+Mulrine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FMilitary%2F2011%2F0404%2FPentagon-Don-t-ask-don-t-tell-could-be-gone-by-September&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obama_Signed-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Obama_Signed_122-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheryl_Gay_Stolberg2010" class="citation news cs1">Sheryl Gay Stolberg (December 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/23/us/politics/23military.html">"With Obama's Signature, 'Don't Ask' Is Repealed"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+Obama%27s+Signature%2C+%27Don%27t+Ask%27+Is+Repealed&rft.date=2010-12-22&rft.au=Sheryl+Gay+Stolberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F12%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F23military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-wapo-2011-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-us-wapo-2011_123-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Keefe2011" class="citation news cs1">O'Keefe, Ed (February 13, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/13/AR2011021302780.html">"Ending 'don't ask, don't tell' doesn't end problems facing gay service members"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ending+%27don%27t+ask%2C+don%27t+tell%27+doesn%27t+end+problems+facing+gay+service+members&rft.date=2011-02-13&rft.aulast=O%27Keefe&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2011%2F02%2F13%2FAR2011021302780.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-yahoo-2011-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-us-yahoo-2011_124-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/us_gays_in_military">"Navy set training for don't ask, don't tell repeal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a></i>. February 8, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=Navy+set+training+for+don%27t+ask%2C+don%27t+tell+repeal&rft.date=2011-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fs%2Fap%2Fus_gays_in_military&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeo_Shane_III" class="citation news cs1">Leo Shane III. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stripes.com/news/repeal-ends-decades-long-fight-against-dadt-1.155670">"Repeal ends decades-long fight against DADT - News"</a>. <i>Stripes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Stripes&rft.atitle=Repeal+ends+decades-long+fight+against+DADT+-+News&rft.au=Leo+Shane+III&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stripes.com%2Fnews%2Frepeal-ends-decades-long-fight-against-dadt-1.155670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes,_Julian_E.2011" class="citation news cs1">Barnes, Julian E. (July 22, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111903554904576460463874043414">"Military Gay Ban to End in 60 Days"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Military+Gay+Ban+to+End+in+60+Days&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Julian+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424053111903554904576460463874043414&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131112135258/http://www.hispanicbusiness.com/2012/9/20/military_allowing_gays_to_serve_works.htm">"Military: Allowing Gays to Serve Works"</a>. Hispanic Business. 2012-09-20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hispanicbusiness.com/2012/9/20/military_allowing_gays_to_serve_works.htm">the original</a> on 2013-11-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Military%3A+Allowing+Gays+to+Serve+Works&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hispanicbusiness.com%2F2012%2F9%2F20%2Fmilitary_allowing_gays_to_serve_works.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huffington Post: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/05/13/uruguay-to-lift-ban-on-ga_n_203004.html">Uruguay To Lift Ban On Gays In The Military</a>, 14 May 2009,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-12486.html">"Uruguay lifts military gay ban"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pink_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Pink News">Pink News</a></i>. 2009-05-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pink+News&rft.atitle=Uruguay+lifts+military+gay+ban&rft.date=2009-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinknews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2005-12486.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_HassigOh-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_HassigOh_130-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHassigOh2015" class="citation book cs1">Hassig, Ralph; Oh, Kongdan (2015). <i>The Hidden People of North Korea: Everyday Life in the Hermit Kingdom</i> (Second ed.). Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 126. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442237193" title="Special:BookSources/978-1442237193"><bdi>978-1442237193</bdi></a>. <q>The second major stress on soldiers is their highly restricted social life. During their initial ten years of service they are not permitted to marry, which means that they are supposed to postpone sexual activity until their late twenties.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hidden+People+of+North+Korea%3A+Everyday+Life+in+the+Hermit+Kingdom&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=126&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1442237193&rft.aulast=Hassig&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Oh%2C+Kongdan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_NK_News-2015-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LGBTQ_rights_in_North_Korea_NK_News-2015_131-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nknews.org/2015/01/are-there-gay-people-in-north-korea/">"Are there gay people in North Korea? | NK News"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/NK_News" title="NK News">NK News</a></i>. 2015-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NK+News&rft.atitle=Are+there+gay+people+in+North+Korea%3F+%7C+NK+News&rft.date=2015-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nknews.org%2F2015%2F01%2Fare-there-gay-people-in-north-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin (2006) <i>Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader</i>, p. 521</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law_133-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Korea_Upholds_Antigay_Military_Law_133-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advocate.com/news/daily-news/2011/03/31/korea-upholds-antigay-military-law">"Korea Upholds Antigay Military Law"</a>. <i>Advocate.com</i>. 2011-03-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Advocate.com&rft.atitle=Korea+Upholds+Antigay+Military+Law&rft.date=2011-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.advocate.com%2Fnews%2Fdaily-news%2F2011%2F03%2F31%2Fkorea-upholds-antigay-military-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormánek2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Formánek, Ondřej (29 October 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lidovky.cz/noviny/homosexualove-v-armade.A101029_100007_ln_noviny_sko">"Homosexuálové v armádě"</a>. <i>Lidovky.cz</i> (in Czech)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lidovky.cz&rft.atitle=Homosexu%C3%A1lov%C3%A9+v+arm%C3%A1d%C4%9B&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft.aulast=Form%C3%A1nek&rft.aufirst=Ond%C5%99ej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lidovky.cz%2Fnoviny%2Fhomosexualove-v-armade.A101029_100007_ln_noviny_sko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASexual+orientation+and+military+service+by+country" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="LGBT_people_in_the_military" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_military" title="Template:Sexual orientation and gender identity in the military"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_military" title="Template talk:Sexual orientation and gender identity in the military"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_military" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sexual orientation and gender identity in the military"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="LGBT_people_in_the_military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/LGBT_people_and_military_service" title="LGBT people and military service">LGBT people in the military</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_military_and_veteran_organizations" title="List of LGBT military and veteran organizations">LGBT military and veteran organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_unions_and_military_policy" title="Same-sex unions and military policy">Same-sex unions and military policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Australian_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Australian military">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the United States military">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_Israeli_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Sexual orientation and gender identity in the South Korean military">South Korea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual orientation and military service">Sexual orientation</a><br />(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">by country</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_Canadian_military" title="Sexual orientation and the Canadian military">In Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_Netherlands" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the Netherlands">In the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual orientation in the United States military">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_and_the_military_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Sexual orientation and the military of the United Kingdom">In the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_militaries_of_ancient_Greece" title="Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece">Homosexuality in the militaries of ancient Greece</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Band_of_Thebes" title="Sacred Band of Thebes">Sacred Band of Thebes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_United_States_military" title="Transgender personnel in the United States military">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_South_Korean_military" title="Transgender personnel in the South Korean military">In South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_personnel_in_the_Israeli_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender personnel in the Israeli military">Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service" title="Intersex people and military service">Intersex people</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in the United States">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Australia">In Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_people_and_military_service_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersex people and military service in Israel">Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing_and_the_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-dressing and the military">Cross-dressing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cross-dressing_and_the_United_States_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-dressing and the United States military">In the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wartime_cross-dressing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wartime cross-dressing">Wartime cross-dressing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wartime_cross-dressers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wartime cross-dressers">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_works_on_wartime_cross-dressing" title="Bibliography of works on wartime cross-dressing">bibliography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discharges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_discharge" title="Blue discharge">Blue discharge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_certificate" title="Pink certificate">Pink certificate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:LGBTQ_people_and_military_service" title="Category:LGBTQ people and military service">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&oldid=1230810150">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&oldid=1230810150</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country" title="Category:Sexual orientation and military service by country">Sexual orientation and military service by country</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt)" title="Category:Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)">Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2017" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2017">Articles with dead external links from May 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Czech-language_sources_(cs)" title="Category:CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)">CS1 Czech-language sources (cs)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Greek-language_script_(el)" title="Category:CS1 uses Greek-language script (el)">CS1 uses Greek-language script (el)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el)" title="Category:CS1 Greek-language sources (el)">CS1 Greek-language sources (el)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2013">Articles with dead external links from November 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:Articles with Italian-language sources (it)">Articles with Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Slovak-language_sources_(sk)" title="Category:CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)">CS1 Slovak-language sources (sk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Ukrainian-language_sources_(uk)" title="Category:Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)">Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2013" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2013</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 June 2024, at 21:13<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-mfvqb","wgBackendResponseTime":208,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.703","walltime":"1.939","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7525,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":299678,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6753,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":41,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":411560,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1802.493 1 -total"," 47.22% 851.207 14 Template:Excerpt"," 32.01% 577.026 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.02% 180.656 49 Template:Cite_web"," 7.62% 137.286 40 Template:Cite_news"," 7.17% 129.177 1 Template:Langx"," 5.40% 97.344 5 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.11% 92.176 1 Template:Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_military_service"," 4.81% 86.701 1 Template:Sidebar"," 3.90% 70.269 1 Template:Sexual_orientation_and_gender_identity_in_the_military"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.324","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":16489612,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","300","21.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","240","17.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","11.6"],["?","80","5.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","60","4.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","60","4.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","4.3"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","40","2.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","40","2.9"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Date_validation\u003E","40","2.9"],["[others]","300","21.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-bkwc9","timestamp":"20241128083137","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sexual orientation and military service by country","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sexual_orientation_and_military_service_by_country","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65063694","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q65063694","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-04-06T12:00:11Z","dateModified":"2024-06-24T21:13:11Z"}</script> </body> </html>