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class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Euro-American exploration and contact </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Euro-American_exploration_and_contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_of_Canadian_sovereignty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_of_Canadian_sovereignty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Establishment of Canadian sovereignty </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_of_Canadian_sovereignty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protected_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protected_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Protected areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protected_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regional_variation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_variation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Regional variation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_variation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Climate change </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glaciers,_ice_caps_and_ice_shelves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glaciers,_ice_caps_and_ice_shelves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Glaciers, ice caps and ice shelves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glaciers,_ice_caps_and_ice_shelves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paleontology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paleontology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Paleontology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paleontology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Insect_ecology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Insect_ecology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5.1 Insect ecology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Insect_ecology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earth's_magnetism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earth's_magnetism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Earth's magnetism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earth's_magnetism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Population </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Population-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Population subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alert" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alert"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Alert </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alert-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eureka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eureka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Eureka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eureka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grise_Fiord" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grise_Fiord"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Grise Fiord </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grise_Fiord-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Transportation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ellesmere Island</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 79 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" > 79 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere-eiland" title="Ellesmere-eiland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ellesmere-eiland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Ellesmere Island" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="جزيرة إليسمير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة إليسمير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_d%27Ellesmere" title="Islla d'Ellesmere – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla d'Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsmir_adas%C4%B1" title="Elsmir adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elsmir adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%83)" title="Элсмир (утрау) – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Элсмир (утрау)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Элсмір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Элсмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Элсьмір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Элсьмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8A%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Елисмиър (остров) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Елисмиър (остров)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez_Ellesmere" title="Enez Ellesmere – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enez Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere" title="Ellesmere – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ellesmere Island" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmer%C5%AFv_ostrov" title="Ellesmerův ostrov – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ellesmerův ostrov" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynys_Ellesmere" title="Ynys Ellesmere – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ynys Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ellesmere Island" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ellesmere Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere" title="Ellesmere – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%88%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%81" title="Νήσος Έλσμιρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νήσος Έλσμιρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_Ellesmere" title="Isla de Ellesmere – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Ellesmere" title="Insulo Ellesmere – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insulo Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_(uhartea)" title="Ellesmere (uhartea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ellesmere (uhartea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جزیره الزمیر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره الزمیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Ellesmere" title="Île d'Ellesmere – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île d'Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_(eil%C3%A2n)" title="Ellesmere (eilân) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ellesmere (eilân)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oile%C3%A1n_Ellesmere" title="Oileán Ellesmere – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Oileán Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilean_Ellesmere" title="Eilean Ellesmere – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eilean Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Ellesmere" title="Illa Ellesmere – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EC%A6%88%EB%AF%B8%EC%96%B4%EC%84%AC" title="엘즈미어섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘즈미어섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Էլսմիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլսմիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="एल्ज़्मेयर द्वीप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एल्ज़्मेयर द्वीप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmerska_kupa" title="Ellesmerska kupa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ellesmerska kupa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere" title="Ellesmere – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Ellesmere" title="Pulau Ellesmere – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pulau Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere-eyja" title="Ellesmere-eyja – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ellesmere-eyja" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_di_Ellesmere" title="Isola di Ellesmere – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola di Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_(%D7%90%D7%99)" title="אלסמיר (אי) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלסמיר (אי)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ელსმირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ელსმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB)" title="Элсмир (арал) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Элсмир (арал)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere" title="Ellesmere – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Ellesmere" title="Insula Ellesmere – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Insula Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsm%C4%ABra_sala" title="Elsmīra sala – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elsmīra sala" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsmyro_sala" title="Elsmyro sala – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elsmyro sala" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_Ellesmere" title="Isola Ellesmere – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Isola Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere-sziget" title="Ellesmere-sziget – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ellesmere-sziget" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="എല്ലെസ്മിയർ ദ്വീപ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എല്ലെസ്മിയർ ദ്വീപ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ელსმირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ელსმირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="جزيره اليسمير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيره اليسمير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulau_Ellesmere" title="Pulau Ellesmere – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pulau Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere-eiland" title="Ellesmere-eiland – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ellesmere-eiland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9F%E3%82%A2%E5%B3%B6" title="エルズミア島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルズミア島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Eilun" title="Ellesmere Eilun – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ellesmere Eilun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere%C3%B8ya" title="Ellesmereøya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ellesmereøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere%C3%B8ya" title="Ellesmereøya – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ellesmereøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_d%27Ellesmere" title="Illa d'Ellesmere – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illa d'Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsmir" title="Elsmir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elsmir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="جزیرا ایلیسمیرے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جزیرا ایلیسمیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_Ellesmere%E2%80%99a" title="Wyspa Ellesmere’a – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa Ellesmere’a" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_Ellesmere" title="Ilha Ellesmere – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Ellesmere" title="Insula Ellesmere – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Элсмир (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Элсмир (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" title="Ellesmere Island – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ellesmere Island" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmerov_ostrov" title="Ellesmerov ostrov – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ellesmerov ostrov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere" title="Ellesmere – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Елсмир (острво) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Елсмир (острво)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsmir_(ostrvo)" title="Elsmir (ostrvo) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elsmir (ostrvo)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmerensaari" title="Ellesmerensaari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ellesmerensaari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere%C3%B6n" title="Ellesmereön – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ellesmereön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="எல்லெசுமியர் தீவு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எல்லெசுமியர் தீவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Элсмир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Элсмир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เกาะเอลสเมียร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกาะเอลสเมียร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Adas%C4%B1" title="Ellesmere Adası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ellesmere Adası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Елсмір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Елсмір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="جزیرہ ایلیسمیرے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ ایلیسمیرے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Ellesmere" title="Đảo Ellesmere – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Ellesmere" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_(pur%C3%B4)" title="Ellesmere (purô) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ellesmere (purô)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" title="埃尔斯米尔岛 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="埃尔斯米尔岛" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E5%B3%B6" title="埃爾斯米爾島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="埃爾斯米爾島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsm%C4%ABrs" title="Elsmīrs – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Elsmīrs" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E5%B2%9B" title="埃尔斯米尔岛 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃尔斯米尔岛" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q146841#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=79_50_N_78_00_W_region:CA_type:isle_scale:8000000&title=Ellesmere+Island">79°50′N 78°00′W / 79.833°N 78.000°W / 79.833; -78.000 (Ellesmere Island)</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island of the Arctic Archipelago in Nunavut, Canada</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Ellesmere Island</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native"><a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Native name</a>: <div class="nickname" lang="iu-Latn">Umingmak Nuna</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg/260px-Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg/390px-Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg/520px-Ellesmere_Island_-_River_Beauty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2516" data-file-height="1886" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Tundra in <a href="/wiki/Quttinirpaaq_National_Park" title="Quttinirpaaq National Park">Quttinirpaaq National Park</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_Island,_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg/260px-Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg/390px-Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg/520px-Ellesmere_Island%2C_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ellesmere Island is located in Nunavut"><img alt="Ellesmere Island is located in Nunavut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg/260px-Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg/390px-Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg/520px-Canada_Nunavut_location_map-lambert_proj3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="638" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.404%;left:49.948%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Ellesmere Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Ellesmere Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Nunavut</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_relief_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ellesmere Island is located in Canada"><img alt="Ellesmere Island is located in Canada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/260px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/390px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Canada_relief_map_2.svg/520px-Canada_relief_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="942" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.369%;left:50.048%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Ellesmere Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Ellesmere Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Canada</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">Northern Canada</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=79_50_N_78_00_W_region:CA_type:isle_scale:8000000&title=Ellesmere+Island">79°50′N 78°00′W / 79.833°N 78.000°W / 79.833; -78.000 (Ellesmere Island)</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Queen Elizabeth Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">196,236 km2 (75,767 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">Area rank</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10th</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">830 km (516 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">645 km (400.8 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">2,616 m (8583 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbeau_Peak" title="Barbeau Peak">Barbeau Peak</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div>Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Territory</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a> (pop. 144)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">144 (2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">0.00073/km2 (0.00189/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Additional information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_867" title="Area code 867">867</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Ellesmere Island (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a>: ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ ᓄᓇ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Inuktitut" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Inuktitut">romanized</a>: Umingmak Nuna, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> 'land of <a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">muskoxen</a>'; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: île d'Ellesmere)<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a> is Canada's northernmost and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_islands_by_area" title="List of Canadian islands by area">third largest island</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">tenth largest</a> in the world. It comprises an area of 196,236 km2 (75,767 sq mi),<a href="#cite_note-area-3">[3]</a> slightly smaller than <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a>, and the total length of the island is 830 km (520 mi). Lying within the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Archipelago" title="Arctic Archipelago">Arctic Archipelago</a>, Ellesmere Island is considered part of the <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Queen Elizabeth Islands</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cape_Columbia" title="Cape Columbia">Cape Columbia</a> at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=83_06_41_N_069_57_13_W_region:CA-NU_scale:2000000&title=Cape+Columbia">83°06′41″N 069°57′13″W / 83.11139°N 69.95361°W / 83.11139; -69.95361 (Cape Columbia)</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> is the most northerly point of land in Canada and one of the most northern points of land on the planet (the <a href="/wiki/Most_northerly_point_of_land" class="mw-redirect" title="Most northerly point of land">most northerly point of land</a> on Earth is the nearby <a href="/wiki/Kaffeklubben_Island" title="Kaffeklubben Island">Kaffeklubben Island</a> of Greenland). The <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cordillera" title="Arctic Cordillera">Arctic Cordillera</a> mountain system covers much of Ellesmere Island, making it the most mountainous in the Arctic Archipelago. More than one-fifth of the island is protected as <a href="/wiki/Quttinirpaaq_National_Park" title="Quttinirpaaq National Park">Quttinirpaaq National Park</a>. In 2021, the population of Ellesmere Island was recorded at 144.<a href="#cite_note-2021census-5">[5]</a> There are three settlements: <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a>. Ellesmere Island is administered as part of the <a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk Region</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Canadian territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology">Geology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geology">edit</a>]</div> Ellesmere Island has three major geological regions. The Grant Land Highlands is a large belt of fold mountains which dominate the northern face of the island. It is part of the Franklinian mobile belt, a zone of Cretaceous volcanic and intrusive rock. South of this is the Greely-Hazen Plateau, a large tableland composed of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Covering most of the island, the coastal sedimentary plateau is a succession of highly eroded sedimentary peaks which are part of the Franklinian Shield with an extension of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Shield" title="Canadian Shield">Canadian Shield</a> (Precambrian igneous and metamorphic rocks) in the island's southeastern corner. In addition, there are syntectonic clastics which comprise the <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Island_Volcanics" title="Ellesmere Island Volcanics">Ellesmere Island Volcanics</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Basin_Magmatic_Province" title="Sverdrup Basin Magmatic Province">Sverdrup Basin Magmatic Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 12–14  A period of uplift and faulting prior to the Pleistocene epoch (>2.6 <a href="/wiki/MYA_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="MYA (unit)">Ma</a>) established the overall features of the island. Additional uplift occurred due to <a href="/wiki/Isostatic_rebound" class="mw-redirect" title="Isostatic rebound">isostatic rebound</a> following the last glacial period. Land features were then shaped by erosion from glacial ice, meltwaters, and scouring by sea ice.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 12  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> It is believed that each of the pre-contact peoples who migrated through the High Arctic approached Ellesmere Island from the south and west. They were able to travel along Ellesmere's coasts or overland to Nares Strait, and some of them crossed the strait to populate Greenland.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 9–11  The archaeological record of past Arctic cultures is quite complete, as artefacts deteriorate very slowly. Items exposed to the cold, dry winds become naturally freeze-dried while items that become buried are preserved in the permafrost. Artefacts are in a similar condition to when they were left or lost, and settlements abandoned thousands of years ago can be seen much as they were the day their inhabitants left. From these sites and artefacts, archaeologists have been able to construct a history of these cultures.<a href="#cite_note-McGhee1996-6">[6]</a>: 8  However, the research is incomplete and only a small proportion of the details of excavations have been published.<a href="#cite_note-Gullason2004-7">[7]</a>: 72  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Small_tool_cultures">Small tool cultures</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Small tool cultures">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Arctic_small_tool_tradition" title="Arctic small tool tradition">Arctic small tool tradition</a> peoples (<abbr title="also known as">a.k.a.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Eskimo" title="Paleo-Eskimo">Paleo-Eskimos</a>) in the High Arctic had small populations organized as hunting bands, spread from Axel Heiberg Island to the northern extremity of Greenland,<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 49  where the <a href="/wiki/Independence_I_culture" title="Independence I culture">Independence I culture</a> was active from 2700 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 28  On Ellesmere, they chiefly hunted in the Eureka Upland and the Hazen Plateau. Six different small-tool cultures have been identified at the <a href="/wiki/Smith_Sound" title="Smith Sound">Smith Sound</a> region: Independence I, Independence I / <a href="/wiki/Saqqaq_culture" title="Saqqaq culture">Saqqaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pre-Dorset" title="Pre-Dorset">Pre-Dorset</a>, Saqqaq, early Dorset, and late Dorset.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 49  They chiefly hunted <a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">muskoxen</a>: more than three-quarters of their known archeological sites on Ellesmere are located in the island's interior and their winter dwellings were skin tents, suggesting a need for mobility to follow the herds. There is evidence at Lake Hazen of a trade network <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1500–1000 BCE, including soapstone lamps from Greenland and incised lance heads from cultures to the south.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 50  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thule_culture">Thule culture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Thule culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorset,_Norse,_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maps" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/220px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/330px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg/440px-Dorset%2C_Norse%2C_and_Thule_cultures_900-1500.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Decline of the <a href="/wiki/Dorset_culture" title="Dorset culture">Dorset culture</a> (brown) and expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a> (green), <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 900–1500</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule</a> moved into the High Arctic at the time of a warming trend, c. 1000 CE.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 28  Their major population centre was the Smith Sound area (on both the Ellesmere and Greenland sides) due to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Polynyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Polynyas">polynyas</a> and its position on transportation routes.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 54  From settlements at Smith Sound, the Thule sent summer hunting parties to harvest <a href="/wiki/Marine_mammal" title="Marine mammal">marine mammals</a> in Nansen Strait. Their summer camps are evidenced by tent rings as far north as Archer Fiord, with clusters of stone dwellings around Lady Franklin Bay and at Lake Hazen which suggest semi-permanent occupations.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 28  The Thule genetically and culturally completely replaced the <a href="/wiki/Dorset_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorset people">Dorset people</a> some time after 1300 CE.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The Thule displaced the small-tool cultures, having a number of technological advantages which notably included effective weapons, kayaks and umiaks for hunting marine mammals, and <a href="/wiki/Sled_dog" title="Sled dog">sled dogs</a> for surface transport and pursuit.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 51  The Thule also had an extensive trade network, evidenced by <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_meteorite" title="Cape York meteorite">meteoritic iron from Greenland</a> which was exported through Ellesmere Island to the rest of the archipelago and to the North American mainland.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 52, 105  More than fifty <a href="/wiki/Norsemen" title="Norsemen">Norse</a> artefacts have been found in Thule archeological sites on the <a href="/wiki/Bache_Peninsula" title="Bache Peninsula">Bache Peninsula</a>, including pieces of chain mail. It is uncertain if Ellesmere Island was directly visited by <a href="/wiki/Norse_settlements_in_Greenland" title="Norse settlements in Greenland">Norse Greenlanders</a> who sailed from the south or if the items were traded through a network of middlemen.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 54  It is also possible the items may have been taken from a shipwreck.<a href="#cite_note-Gullason2004-7">[7]</a>: 46  A bronze set of scales discovered in western Ellesmere Island has been interpreted as indicating the presence of a Norse trader in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 62  The Norse artefacts date from c. 1250 to 1400 CE.<a href="#cite_note-Sutherland2000-9">[9]</a> Between 1400 and 1600 CE, the <a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a> developed and conditions for hunting became increasingly difficult, forcing the Thule to withdraw from Ellesmere and the other northern islands of the archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 29  The Thule who remained in northern Greenland became isolated, specialized at hunting a diminishing number of game animals, and lost the ability to make boats. Thus, the waters around Ellesmere were not navigated again until the arrival of large European vessels after 1800.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 21  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_European_exploration">Early European exploration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early European exploration">edit</a>]</div> Much of the initial phase of European exploration of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Arctic" title="North American Arctic">North American Arctic</a> was centred on a search for the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a> and undertaken by Britain.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 334  The 1616 expedition of <a href="/wiki/William_Baffin" title="William Baffin">William Baffin</a> were the first Europeans to record sighting the then-unnamed Ellesmere Island (Baffin named Jones and Smith Sounds on the island's south and southeast coasts).<a href="#cite_note-EBbaffin-11">[11]</a> However, the onset of the Little Ice Age interrupted the progress of explorations for two centuries. In 1818, an ice jam in <a href="/wiki/Baffin_Bay" title="Baffin Bay">Baffin Bay</a> broke, allowing European vessels access to the High Arctic (<a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whalers</a> had been active in <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a>, about 1,000 km [620 mi] southeast of Ellesmere, since 1719).<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 29–30  Baffin Bay was then navigable in the summers due to the presence of an ice dam in Smith Sound, which prevented Arctic <a href="/wiki/Drift_ice" title="Drift ice">drift ice</a> from flowing south. The other channels of the archipelago remained congested with ice.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 37  That year, <a href="/wiki/John_Ross_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="John Ross (Royal Navy officer)">John Ross</a> led the first recorded European expedition to <a href="/wiki/Cape_York_(Greenland)" title="Cape York (Greenland)">Cape York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 65  at which time there were reportedly only 140 <a href="/wiki/Inughuit" title="Inughuit">Inughuit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 61  (The Inughuit of North Greenland, the <a href="/wiki/Kalaallit" title="Kalaallit">Kalaallit</a> of West Greenland, and <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> of the archipelago are descendants of the Thule culture, which had diverged during the isolation imposed by the Little Ice Age.) Knowledge of Ellesmere persisted in the oral histories of the Inuit of Baffin Island and the Inughuit of northern Greenland,<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 55  who each called it Umingmak Nuna (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a> for 'land of <a href="/wiki/Muskox" title="Muskox">muskoxen</a>').<a href="#cite_note-Science1885-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Euro-American_exploration_and_contact">Euro-American exploration and contact</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Euro-American exploration and contact">edit</a>]</div> The search for <a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_lost_expedition" title="Franklin's lost expedition">Franklin's lost expedition</a> – also searching for the Northwest Passage and to establish claims to the Far North – involved more than forty expeditions to the High Arctic over two decades, and represented the peak period of Euro-American Arctic exploration.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 334 <a href="#cite_note-Gullason2004-7">[7]</a>: 19  <a href="/wiki/Edward_Augustus_Inglefield" title="Edward Augustus Inglefield">Edward Augustus Inglefield</a> led an 1852 expedition which surveyed the coastlines of Baffin Bay and Smith Sound, being stopped by ice in Nares Strait.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 339  He named Ellesmere Island for the president of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Geographical_Society" title="Royal Geographical Society">Royal Geographical Society</a> (1849–1852), <a href="/wiki/Francis_Egerton,_1st_Earl_of_Ellesmere" title="Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere">Francis Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere</a>.<a href="#cite_note-canencyc-13">[13]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Grinnell_expedition" title="Second Grinnell expedition">Second Grinnell expedition</a> (1853–1855) made slightly further progress before becoming trapped in the ice. Over two winters the expedition charted both sides of <a href="/wiki/Kane_Basin" title="Kane Basin">Kane Basin</a> to about 80°N, from where <a href="/wiki/Elisha_Kent_Kane" title="Elisha Kent Kane">Elisha Kent Kane</a> claimed to have sighted the conjectured <a href="/wiki/Open_Polar_Sea" title="Open Polar Sea">Open Polar Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 339–340  During this period, as the Little Ice Age abated and the hunting of marine mammals became more feasible again, Aboriginal peoples began to return to Ellesmere Island. The most well-known of these migrations in both Inuit and European accounts is the journey of Qitlaq, who led a group of Inuit families from Baffin Island to northwestern Greenland, via Ellesmere Island, in the 1850s.<a href="#cite_note-14">[a]</a> This journey reestablished contact between Inuit who had been separated for two centuries and reintroduced vital technologies to the Inughuit.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 99–101  Other groups followed and by the 1870s Inuit were living on Ellesmere Island and had regular contact with those on the neighbouring islands.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 109  Contact between Inuit and Europeans or Americans was often indirect, as the Inuit happened upon shipwrecks or abandoned base camps which provided wood and metal resources. European goods were also obtained through inter-group trade. Long-term contact began in the 1800s through whaling stations and trading posts, which frequently relocated.<a href="#cite_note-Gullason2004-7">[7]</a>: 12  Euro-American expeditions employed Inughuit, Inuit and west Greenlander guides, hunters and labourers, gradually blending their knowledge with European technology to conduct effective exploration.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 30  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_(Ellesmere_Island)_-_1875.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg/220px-Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg/330px-Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg/440px-Ship_under_Cape_Prescott_%28Ellesmere_Island%29_-_1875.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="437" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Alert_(1856)" title="HMS Alert (1856)">HMS Alert</a> off <a href="/wiki/Cape_Prescott" title="Cape Prescott">Cape Prescott</a> in 1875</figcaption></figure> British and United States Arctic expeditions had been interrupted for some years due to the priorities of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 340  By about 1860, the focus of Arctic exploration had shifted to the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_exploration#The_North_Pole" title="Arctic exploration">North Pole</a>. As earlier attempts at the pole via <a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> or eastern Greenland had reached impasses, numerous expeditions came to Ellesmere Island to pursue the route through Nares Straight.<a href="#cite_note-Fjagesund2014-10">[10]</a>: 334  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fort_Conger,_Grinnell_Land,_May_20,_1883.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg/220px-Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg/330px-Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg/440px-Fort_Conger%2C_Grinnell_Land%2C_May_20%2C_1883.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort_Conger" title="Fort Conger">Fort Conger</a> in Grinnel Land, May 1883</figcaption></figure> The United States expedition led by <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Greely" title="Adolphus Greely">Adolphus Greely</a> in 1881 crossed the island from east to west,<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 631  establishing <a href="/wiki/Fort_Conger" title="Fort Conger">Fort Conger</a> in the northern part of the island. The Greely expedition found <a href="/wiki/Petrified_wood" title="Petrified wood">fossil forests</a> on Ellesmere Island in the late 1880s. Stenkul Fiord was first explored in 1902 by Per Schei, a member of <a href="/wiki/Otto_Sverdrup" title="Otto Sverdrup">Otto Sverdrup</a>'s 2nd Norwegian Polar Expedition. The <a href="/wiki/Ellesmere_Ice_Shelf" title="Ellesmere Ice Shelf">Ellesmere Ice Shelf</a> was documented by the <a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Expedition" title="British Arctic Expedition">British Arctic Expedition</a> of 1875–76, in which Lieutenant <a href="/wiki/Pelham_Aldrich" title="Pelham Aldrich">Pelham Aldrich</a>'s party went from <a href="/wiki/Cape_Sheridan" title="Cape Sheridan">Cape Sheridan</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=82_28_N_061_30_W_region:CA-NU_scale:500000&title=Cape+Sheridan">82°28′N 061°30′W / 82.467°N 61.500°W / 82.467; -61.500 (Cape Sheridan)</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a>) west to Cape Alert (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=82_16_N_85_33_W_type:landmark_scale:600000_region:CA-NU&title=Cape+Alert+%28Ellesmere+Island%29">82°16′N 85°33′W / 82.267°N 85.550°W / 82.267; -85.550 (Cape Alert (Ellesmere Island))</a>), including the <a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt_Ice_Shelf" title="Ward Hunt Ice Shelf">Ward Hunt Ice Shelf</a>. In 1906 <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peary" title="Robert Peary">Robert Peary</a> led an expedition in northern Ellesmere Island, from Cape Sheridan along the coast to the western side of <a href="/wiki/Nansen_Sound" title="Nansen Sound">Nansen Sound</a> (93°W). During Peary's expedition, the <a href="/wiki/Ice_shelf" title="Ice shelf">ice shelf</a> was continuous; it has since been estimated to have covered 8,900 km2 (3,400 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Jeffries1986-16">[15]</a> The ice shelf broke apart in the 20th century, presumably due to <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment_of_Canadian_sovereignty">Establishment of Canadian sovereignty</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Establishment of Canadian sovereignty">edit</a>]</div> In 1880, the <a href="/wiki/British_Arctic_Territories" title="British Arctic Territories">British Arctic Territories</a> were transferred to Canada.<a href="#cite_note-Smith1961-17">[16]</a> Canada did little to solidify its legal possession of the islands until prompted by foreign action in 1902–03: Otto Sverdrup claimed <a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Islands" title="Sverdrup Islands">three islands west of Ellesmere</a> for Norway, the <a href="/wiki/Alaska_boundary_dispute" title="Alaska boundary dispute">Alaska boundary dispute</a> was settled against Canada's interests, and <a href="/wiki/Roald_Amundsen" title="Roald Amundsen">Roald Amundsen</a> set out to sail the Northwest Passage.<a href="#cite_note-Schledermann2003-18">[17]</a>: 101–104  To establish an official government presence in the Far North, the <a href="/wiki/North-West_Mounted_Police" title="North-West Mounted Police">North-West Mounted Police</a> (NWMP) were sent on sovereignty patrols. A NWMP detachment sailed to the Arctic whaling stations in 1903, where they forbade whalers from killing muskox or trading skins, in order to prevent overhunting and protect the Inuit's ability to sustain themselves. In 1904 a NWMP detachment sailed to Cape Herschel at the east end of Sverdrup Pass, where they could intercept hunters accessing the interior of Ellesmere.<a href="#cite_note-Schledermann2003-18">[17]</a>: 101–104  While the fur trade was brought under control, American exploration parties to the Far North had acted with autonomy and intensively hunted terrestrial mammals to sustain their expeditions. Peary's parties had heavily hunted muskoxen on Ellesmere and had nearly brought the extinction of caribou in northern Greenland; the <a href="/wiki/Crocker_Land_Expedition" title="Crocker Land Expedition">Crocker Land Expedition</a> (1913–1916) also extensively hunted muskoxen. In response to these and other trespasses, the government amended the Northwest Game Act to prohibit the killing of muskoxen except for Native inhabitants who otherwise faced starvation.<a href="#cite_note-Schledermann2003-18">[17]</a>: 102  In 1920, the government learned that <a href="/wiki/Inughuit" title="Inughuit">Inughuit</a> from Greenland had been annually visiting Ellesmere Island for polar bear and muskox hunting – in violation of Canadian law – selling the skins at <a href="/wiki/Knud_Rasmussen" title="Knud Rasmussen">Knud Rasmussen</a>'s trading post at <a href="/wiki/Qaanaaq" title="Qaanaaq">Qaanaaq</a>, formerly known as Thule. The Danish government stated that North Greenland was a "no man's land" outside their administration and Rasmussen, as the de facto sole authority, refused to stop the trade which the Inughuit needed to support themselves. In response, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) detachments were established on Ellesmere Island at <a href="/wiki/Craig_Harbour" title="Craig Harbour">Craig Harbour</a> in 1922 and at Bache Post in 1926, positioned to guard the coastal and overland routes to the hunting grounds on the western side of Ellesmere.<a href="#cite_note-Schledermann2003-18">[17]</a>: 102–104 <a href="#cite_note-Pharand1983-19">[18]</a>: 315–316  In addition to intercepting illegal hunting and fur-trading, the RCMP conducted patrols and encouraged the Inuit to maintain their traditional lifestyle.<a href="#cite_note-Gullason2004-7">[7]</a>: 25–26  The posts were closed in the mid-1930s, after the sovereignty issues had been settled.<a href="#cite_note-Schledermann2003-18">[17]</a>: 105  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_topo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ellesmere_topo.png/220px-Ellesmere_topo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ellesmere_topo.png/330px-Ellesmere_topo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ellesmere_topo.png/440px-Ellesmere_topo.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1723" /></a><figcaption>Topography of Ellesmere Island</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg/220px-Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg/330px-Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg/440px-Wfm_ellesmere_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Satellite image montage showing Ellesmere Island and its neighbours</figcaption></figure> Ellesmere Island is the northernmost island of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Archipelago" title="Arctic Archipelago">Arctic Archipelago</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Canada's Far North</a> and one of the <a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Arctic" title="Extreme points of the Arctic">world's northernmost land masses</a>. It is exceeded in this regard only by neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a>, which extends about 60 km (37 mi) closer to the north pole. Ellesmere's northernmost point, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Columbia" title="Cape Columbia">Cape Columbia</a> (at <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=83_06_41_N_69_57_13_W_region:CA-NU_scale:2000000&title=Cape+Columbia">83°06′41″N 69°57′13″W / 83.11139°N 69.95361°W / 83.11139; -69.95361 (Cape Columbia)</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a>), is less than 800 km (500 mi) from the north pole, while its southern coasts at 77°N are well within the Arctic Circle.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 7  Ellesmere has the highest and longest mountain ranges in eastern North America and is the most mountainous island in the Arctic Archipelago. It has over half of the archipelago's ice cover, with ice caps and glaciers across 40% of its surface. Its extensive coastline includes some of the world's longest fiords.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 7–9  To the west, Ellesmere is separated from <a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nansen_Sound" title="Nansen Sound">Nansen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Sound" title="Eureka Sound">Eureka Sounds</a>, the latter of which narrows to 13 km (8.1 mi). <a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a> is to the south across <a href="/wiki/Jones_Sound" title="Jones Sound">Jones Sound</a>; at the west end of the sound, they are separated by <a href="/wiki/North_Kent_Island" title="North Kent Island">North Kent Island</a> and two channels which narrow to 4 and 10 km (2.5 and 6.2 mi). Greenland is to the east across <a href="/wiki/Nares_Strait" title="Nares Strait">Nares Strait</a>; the strait narrows to 46 km (29 mi) at Cape Isabella on <a href="/wiki/Smith_Sound" title="Smith Sound">Smith Sound</a> and further north narrows to 19 km (12 mi) at <a href="/wiki/Robeson_Channel" title="Robeson Channel">Robeson Channel</a>. These channels and straits typically freeze over in winter,<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 9–11  though winds and currents leave pockets of open water (temporary <a href="/wiki/Lead_(sea_ice)" title="Lead (sea ice)">leads</a> and persistent <a href="/wiki/Polynya" title="Polynya">polynyas</a>) in Nares Strait.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 20–21  To the north of Ellesmere is the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic Ocean</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Sea" title="Lincoln Sea">Lincoln Sea</a> to the northeast.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 7  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Protected areas">edit</a>]</div> More than one-fifth of the island is protected as <a href="/wiki/Quttinirpaaq_National_Park" title="Quttinirpaaq National Park">Quttinirpaaq National Park</a> (formerly Ellesmere Island National Park Reserve), which includes seven <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjords</a> and a variety of <a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">glaciers</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Lake_Hazen" title="Lake Hazen">Lake Hazen</a>, North America's largest lake north of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Barbeau_Peak" title="Barbeau Peak">Barbeau Peak</a>, the highest mountain in Nunavut (2,616 m [8,583 ft]) is located in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Range" title="British Empire Range">British Empire Range</a> on Ellesmere Island. The most northern <a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range">mountain range</a> in the world, the <a href="/wiki/Challenger_Mountains" title="Challenger Mountains">Challenger Mountains</a>, is located in the northeast region of the island. The northern lobe of the island is called <a href="/wiki/Grant_Land" title="Grant Land">Grant Land</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AirForceGlacier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AirForceGlacier.jpg/220px-AirForceGlacier.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AirForceGlacier.jpg/330px-AirForceGlacier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AirForceGlacier.jpg/440px-AirForceGlacier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="1736" /></a><figcaption>Air Force glacier in Quttinirpaaq National Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg/220px-Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg/330px-Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg/440px-Tanquary_Fiord_16_1997-08-05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5136" data-file-height="3528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gull_Glacier" title="Gull Glacier">Gull Glacier</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanquary_Fiord" title="Tanquary Fiord">Tanquary Fiord</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere2008-396_(2738914609).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg/220px-Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg/330px-Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg/440px-Ellesmere2008-396_%282738914609%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hiking on Ellesmere Island</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Salix_arctica" title="Salix arctica">Arctic willow</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody</a> species to grow on Ellesmere Island.<a href="#cite_note-KemmickPoles-21">[20]</a> In July 2007, a study noted the disappearance of habitat for <a href="/wiki/Anseriformes" title="Anseriformes">waterfowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Invertebrate" title="Invertebrate">invertebrates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">algae</a> on Ellesmere Island. According to <a href="/wiki/John_Smol" title="John Smol">John Smol</a> of <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_at_Kingston" title="Queen's University at Kingston">Queen's University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Ontario" title="Kingston, Ontario">Kingston, Ontario</a>, and Marianne S. V. Douglas of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alberta" title="University of Alberta">University of Alberta</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, warming conditions and evaporation have caused low water levels and changes in the chemistry of ponds and wetlands in the area. The researchers noted that "In the 1980s they often needed to wear hip waders to make their way to the ponds...while by 2006 the same areas were dry enough to burn."<a href="#cite_note-enn-22">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Ellesmere Island has a <a href="/wiki/Tundra_climate" title="Tundra climate">tundra climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> ET) and an <a href="/wiki/Ice_cap_climate" title="Ice cap climate">ice cap climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> EF) with the temperature being cold year-round.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Two semi-permanent air systems dominate the weather: the high-pressure northern <a href="/wiki/Polar_vortex" title="Polar vortex">polar vortex</a> and a low-pressure area which forms in different sites between Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 25  Prevailing winds on Ellesmere are northwesterly, cold, and of low humidity due to ice cover over the Arctic Ocean.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 32–33  Seasonal shifts on Ellesmere are sudden and striking: winters are long and harsh, summers short and relatively abundant, with spring and autumn being brief intervals of transition.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 42  Fog regularly occurs near open water in September.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 22  While the major air systems strengthen towards their annual peak in winter, the Arctic and Atlantic air masses collide in autumn to produce severe storms at Ellesmere.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 22, 25  The storm season peaks in October and persists until the sea freezes.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 46  The polar vortex strengthens during the polar night and gives rise to easterly winds which are major hazards for populations, especially given the very low temperatures. January winds have been recorded at 104 km/h (65 mph) with gusts to 130–145 km/h (81–90 mph) at Fort Conger and 65–80 km/h (40–50 mph) at Lake Hazen.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 25  Very cold temperatures continue until April and no month passes without experiencing freezing temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 33  Snowfall begins in late August and does not melt until the June thaw. The seasonal shift in daylight is also extreme.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 42  The polar night lasts from four-and-a-half months in the north to about three months in the south.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 44  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regional_variation">Regional variation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Regional variation">edit</a>]</div> Ellesmere's Arctic marine climate is strongly affected in the north by Arctic Ocean currents and the polar vortex, while the climate of the southeastern coast is influenced by the warm Atlantic water of the <a href="/wiki/West_Greenland_Current" title="West Greenland Current">West Greenland Current</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 23  Interior regions shielded by the island's high mountain ranges experience distinctive <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">quasi-continental microclimates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 9  The highest precipitation is on the northern coast, averaging 80 to 100 mm (3.1 to 3.9 in). On the south side of the Grant Land mountains, only 20 mm (0.79 in) reaches the Hazen Plateau.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 32–33  The average number of snow-free days varies from 45 days on the north coast to 77 days in the Eureka–Tanquary corridor.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 33  Winters are considerably colder in the interior. At Lake Hazen, Peary's expedition recorded daytime temperatures of −53 °C (−64 °F) in February 1900, and a Defence Research Board party recorded temperatures as low as −56.2 °C (−69.2 °F) in the winter of 1957–58.<a href="#cite_note-24">[b]</a> Nonetheless, there are archaeological remains of winter dwellings of both Independence and <a href="/wiki/Thule_people" title="Thule people">Thule cultures</a> in the interior.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 43–44  <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord_Airport" title="Grise Fiord Airport">Grise Fiord Airport</a>) <a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 71971; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=76_25_22_N_82_54_08_W_type:airport_region:CA-NU&title=Grise+Fiord+Airport">76°25′22″N 82°54′08″W / 76.42278°N 82.90222°W / 76.42278; -82.90222 (Grise Fiord Airport)</a>; elevation: 44.5 m (146 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1984–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> </th> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.3 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6 (30.9) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5 (31.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5 (54.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (47.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.1 (−16.8) </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.7 (−17.9) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.0 (−13.0) </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.8 (3.6) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0 (24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5 (18.5) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.9 (3.4) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.4 (−6.5) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−10.7 (12.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.6 (−23.1) </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.8 (−25.2) </td> <td style="background: #4848FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.3 (−20.7) </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.0 (−5.8) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4 (16.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9 (28.6) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.0 (14.0) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3 (−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.0 (−13.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.7 (−25.1) </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.7 (−28.7) </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.1 (−25.8) </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.3 (−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5 (29.3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (33.3) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.6 (25.5) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.4 (11.5) </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.2 (−4.4) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.0 (−16.6) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.3 (2.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−45.0 (−49.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−47.0 (−52.6) </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−46.0 (−50.8) </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.5 (−40.9) </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.5 (−22.9) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.0 (8.6) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5 (25.7) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.4 (18.7) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.0 (−20.2) </td> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.1 (−42.0) </td> <td style="background: #0404FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.0 (−43.6) </td> <td style="background: #0000E8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−47.0 (−52.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> </th> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−53.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000CE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−51.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−54.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−44.9 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.3 </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.3 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.9 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.0 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−45.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000BF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−54.5 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 (0.31) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (0.24) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (0.53) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (0.48) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (0.37) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8 (0.54) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (1.38) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (1.10) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (0.61) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 (0.73) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (0.58) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (0.35) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">183.2 (7.21) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (0.40) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (1.25) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (0.84) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 (0.20) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">68.7 (2.70) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (2.7) </td> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #59FF59; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #5EFF5E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (4.1) </td> <td style="background: #6FFF6F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (3.8) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #E7FFE7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (0.6) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #22FF22; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3 (5.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #1BFF1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8 (5.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.00 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">96.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.12 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.13 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.47 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[23]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Eureka (<a href="/wiki/Eureka_Aerodrome" title="Eureka Aerodrome">Eureka Aerodrome</a>) <a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 71917; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=79_59_N_85_56_W_type:airport_region:CA-NU&title=Eureka+Aerodrome">79°59′N 85°56′W / 79.983°N 85.933°W / 79.983; -85.933 (Eureka Aerodrome)</a>; elevation: 10.4 m (34 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1947–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 (30.0) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0 (17.6) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8 (27.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5 (65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7 (28.9) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1 (28.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.3 (−26.1) </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−33.0 (−27.4) </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.3 (−26.1) </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.9 (−7.4) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (42.3) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.3 (26.1) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.9 (3.4) </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.3 (−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.2 (−20.6) </td> <td style="background: #9696FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−14.8 (5.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.9 (−32.6) </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.8 (−34.2) </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.9 (−32.6) </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.9 (−14.6) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.9 (14.2) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (37.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 (38.1) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.5 (−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.0 (−18.4) </td> <td style="background: #3535FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−32.8 (−27.0) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−18.1 (−0.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.5 (−39.1) </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.5 (−40.9) </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.4 (−38.9) </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.8 (−21.6) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.1 (8.4) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 (32.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (38.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.1 (−9.6) </td> <td style="background: #3C3CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.6 (−24.9) </td> <td style="background: #2222FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.3 (−33.3) </td> <td style="background: #7373FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−21.4 (−6.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−53.3 (−63.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−55.3 (−67.5) </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−52.8 (−63.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.9 (−56.0) </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.1 (−24.0) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.9 (7.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #A1A1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.9 (8.8) </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.7 (−25.1) </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.7 (−43.1) </td> <td style="background: #0000E1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.2 (−54.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000CE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−51.7 (−61.1) </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−55.3 (−67.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (0.14) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (0.13) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (0.34) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (0.57) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (0.70) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 (0.32) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (0.26) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 (0.15) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (0.14) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.6 (3.06) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6FFF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (0.21) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (0.57) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (0.46) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (0.04) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.5 (1.28) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (1.5) </td> <td style="background: #D5FFD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (1.1) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (1.7) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (1.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (0.3) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8 (1.9) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #5CFF5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (4.3) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (2.2) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (2.1) </td> <td style="background: #B2FFB2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60.3 (23.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) </th> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.4 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #9DFF9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.4 </td> <td style="background: #98FF98; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3 </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #97FF97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.0 </td> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.1 </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.2 </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.0 </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.3 </td> <td style="background: #99FF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.8 </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.2 </td> <td style="background: #FDFD2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">353.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">486.3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">386.4 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">360.5 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">238.9 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98.4 </td> <td style="background: #161616; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.5 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #CFCF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,057 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF71; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF42; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.5 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 </td> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-Eureka_A-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-August_2011-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-August_2013eureuka-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alert_Airport" title="Alert Airport">Alert Airport</a>) Climate ID: 2400300; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=82_31_04_N_62_16_50_W_type:airport_region:CA-NU&title=Alert+Airport">82°31′04″N 62°16′50″W / 82.51778°N 62.28056°W / 82.51778; -62.28056 (Alert Airport)</a>; elevation: 30.5 m (100 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1950–present<a href="#cite_note-32">[c]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high <a href="/wiki/Humidex" title="Humidex">humidex</a> </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6 </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (32.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2 (28.0) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5 (67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF9F3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (41.5) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 (33.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 (37.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.0 (−16.6) </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.6 (−17.7) </td> <td style="background: #5454FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.1 (−16.8) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.4 (−2.9) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 (36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 (38.8) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.1 (22.8) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.6 (7.5) </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.4 (−4.7) </td> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.3 (−11.7) </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.3 (8.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #4141FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−30.7 (−23.3) </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.4 (−24.5) </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.0 (−23.8) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−23.3 (−9.9) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.1 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 (32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.0 (17.6) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2 (1.0) </td> <td style="background: #6464FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−24.1 (−11.4) </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.1 (−18.6) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.7 (1.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.4 (−29.9) </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−35.2 (−31.4) </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.9 (−30.8) </td> <td style="background: #5555FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.0 (−16.6) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.0 (6.8) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3 (27.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4 (29.5) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.9 (12.4) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−20.7 (−5.3) </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−27.8 (−18.0) </td> <td style="background: #3A3AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.9 (−25.4) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−20.0 (−4.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−48.9 (−56.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−50.0 (−58.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−49.4 (−56.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−45.6 (−50.1) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−29.0 (−20.2) </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14.3 (6.3) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3 (20.7) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.0 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #4E4EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.2 (−18.8) </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.4 (−38.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000FB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−43.5 (−46.3) </td> <td style="background: #0000ED; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−46.1 (−51.0) </td> <td style="background: #0000D8; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−50.0 (−58.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low <a href="/wiki/Wind_chill" title="Wind chill">wind chill</a> </th> <td style="background: #000088; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−64.7 </td> <td style="background: #00009F; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−60.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000A4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−59.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000B3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−56.8 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−40.8 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.1 </td> <td style="background: #AFAFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.3 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.2 </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−36.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−49.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−53.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−57.3 </td> <td style="background: #000088; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−64.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (0.41) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (0.29) </td> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (0.41) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (0.45) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 (0.46) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (0.44) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5 (0.85) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (0.72) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8 (0.70) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 (0.48) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 (0.45) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 (0.33) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">152.0 (5.98) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 (0.09) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (0.43) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 (0.21) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.5 (0.73) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #41FF41; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (3.8) </td> <td style="background: #49FF49; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (4.8) </td> <td style="background: #33FF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (5.2) </td> <td style="background: #00FF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1 (6.7) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (4.4) </td> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 (5.0) </td> <td style="background: #12FF12; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (6.3) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">30.5 (12.0) </td> <td style="background: #008100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.5 (10.0) </td> <td style="background: #00E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #3DFF3D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (5.1) </td> <td style="background: #0CFF0C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">191.7 (75.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #7070FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #7D7DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">124.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) </th> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #7B7BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #5E5EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.0 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7676FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">112.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 1500 LST) </th> <td style="background: #91FF91; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.8 </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4 </td> <td style="background: #93FF93; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.1 </td> <td style="background: #8FFF8F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.3 </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.5 </td> <td style="background: #81FF81; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.7 </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.4 </td> <td style="background: #7BFF7B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.3 </td> <td style="background: #84FF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3 </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.6 </td> <td style="background: #90FF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.8 </td> <td style="background: #88FF88; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">77.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #B1B17A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">323.6 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">428.6 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">333.0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">321.6 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">269.1 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.4 </td> <td style="background: #070707; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #000000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,901.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF52; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6 </td> <td style="background: #F8F823; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 </td> <td style="background: #373737; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">— </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment and Climate Change Canada</a><a href="#cite_note-ccnalert-31">[29]</a>  (sun 1981–2010)<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> (maximum from June 2021 based on incomplete data, previous record −0.2 °C [31.6 °F])<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate change">edit</a>]</div> A <a href="/wiki/Paleolimnology" title="Paleolimnology">paleolimnological</a> study of algae in the sediments of shallow ponds on Cape Herschel (which faces Smith Sound on Ellesmere's eastern coast<a href="#cite_note-Smol1994-35">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[33]</a>) found that the ponds had been permanent and relatively stable for several millennia until experiencing ecological changes associated with warming, beginning around 1850 and accelerating in the early 2000s. During the 23-year study period, an ecological threshold was crossed as several of the study ponds had completely desiccated while others had very reduced water levels. In addition, the wetlands surrounding the ponds were severely affected and dried vegetation could be easily burned.<a href="#cite_note-Douglas2007-37">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Glaciers,_ice_caps_and_ice_shelves">Glaciers, ice caps and ice shelves</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Glaciers, ice caps and ice shelves">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg/220px-Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg/330px-Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg/440px-Ellesmere_Island_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3213" data-file-height="2181" /></a><figcaption>Glaciers of southeastern Ellesmere Island, June 1975</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ward_Hunt_Island,_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg/220px-Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg/330px-Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg/440px-Ward_Hunt_Island%2C_Ice_Shelf_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3254" data-file-height="2131" /></a><figcaption>Ward Hunt Island (foreground), Ward Hunt Ice Shelf and northern Ellesmere Island (left), July 1988</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg/220px-Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg/330px-Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg/440px-Ellesmere_Island_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="2176" /></a><figcaption>The overhanging ice front of Webber Glacier with waterfalls. Debris rich layers of the ground moraine are sheared and folded into the ice of the advancing polar glacier. The glacier front is 6 km (3.7 mi) broad and up to 40 m (130 ft) high. Borup Fiord, Grant Land, Ellesmere Island, July 1978</figcaption></figure> Large portions of Ellesmere Island are covered with glaciers and ice, with Manson Icefield (6,200 km2 (2,400 sq mi)) and Sydkap (3,700 km2 (1,400 sq mi)) in the south; <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Mountains" title="Prince of Wales Mountains">Prince of Wales Icefield</a> (20,700 km2 (8,000 sq mi)) and <a href="/wiki/Agassiz_Ice_Cap" title="Agassiz Ice Cap">Agassiz Ice Cap</a> (21,500 km2 (8,300 sq mi)) along the central-east side of the island, and the Northern Ellesmere icefields (24,400 km2 (9,400 sq mi)).<a href="#cite_note-Wolken-38">[35]</a> The northwest coast of Ellesmere Island was covered by a massive, 500 km (310 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Ice_shelf" title="Ice shelf">ice shelf</a> until the 20th century. The Ellesmere Ice Shelf shrank by 90 per cent in the 20th century due to warming trends in the Arctic,<a href="#cite_note-Revkin-39">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vincent2001-40">[37]</a>: 133  particularly in the 1930s and 1940s, a period when the largest <a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">ice islands</a> (the 520 km2 (200 sq mi) T1 and the 780 km2 (300 sq mi) T2 ice islands) were formed leaving the separate <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ernest_Ice_Shelf" title="Alfred Ernest Ice Shelf">Alfred Ernest</a>, Ayles, Milne, Ward Hunt, and <a href="/wiki/Markham_Ice_Shelf" title="Markham Ice Shelf">Markham</a> Ice Shelves.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt_Ice_Shelf" title="Ward Hunt Ice Shelf">Ward Hunt Ice Shelf</a>, the largest remaining section of thick (>10 m, >30 ft[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]) <a href="/wiki/Fast_ice" title="Fast ice">landfast</a> sea ice along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island, lost almost 600 km2 (230 sq mi) of ice in a massive calving in 1961–1962. Five large ice islands which resulted account for 79% of the calved material.<a href="#cite_note-Hattersley-Smith1963-41">[38]</a> It further decreased by 27% in thickness (13 m (43 ft)) between 1967 and 1999.<a href="#cite_note-Vincent2001-40">[37]</a> A 1986 survey of Canadian ice shelves found that 48 km2 (19 sq mi) or 3.3 km3 (0.79 cu mi) of ice calved from the <a href="/wiki/Milne_Ice_Shelf" title="Milne Ice Shelf">Milne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ayles_Ice_Shelf" title="Ayles Ice Shelf">Ayles</a> ice shelves between 1959 and 1974.<a href="#cite_note-Jeffries1986-16">[15]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osborn_Range_(05-08-97).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg/220px-Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg/330px-Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg/440px-Osborn_Range_%2805-08-97%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Osborn_Range" title="Osborn Range">Osborn Range</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cordillera" title="Arctic Cordillera">Arctic Cordillera</a> mountain system</figcaption></figure> The breakup of the Ellesmere Ice Shelves has continued in the 21st century: the Ward Ice Shelf experienced a major breakup during the summer of 2002;<a href="#cite_note-Nasa2004-42">[39]</a> the Ayles Ice Shelf calved entirely on 13 August 2005; the largest breakoff of the ice shelf in 25 years, it may pose a threat to the oil industry in the <a href="/wiki/Beaufort_Sea" title="Beaufort Sea">Beaufort Sea</a>. The piece is 66 km2 (25 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-BBC2006-43">[40]</a> In April 2008, it was discovered that the Ward Hunt shelf was fractured, with dozens of deep, multi-faceted cracks<a href="#cite_note-Weber2008-44">[41]</a> and in September 2008 the Markham shelf (50 km2 (19 sq mi)) completely broke off to become floating <a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">sea ice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BBC2008-45">[42]</a> A 2018 study measured a 5.9% reduction in area amongst 1,773 glaciers in Northern Ellesmere island in the 16-year period 1999–2015 based on satellite data. In the same period, 19 out of 27 <a href="/wiki/Ice_tongue" title="Ice tongue">ice tongues</a> disintegrated to their grounding lines and ice shelves suffered a 42% loss in surface area.<a href="#cite_note-White2018-46">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paleontology">Paleontology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Paleontology">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctic_circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arctic_circle.svg/220px-Arctic_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arctic_circle.svg/330px-Arctic_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Arctic_circle.svg/440px-Arctic_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>Canada's northern neighbours shown on a circumpolar projection of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></figcaption></figure> Schei and later <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gabriel_Nathorst" title="Alfred Gabriel Nathorst">Alfred Gabriel Nathorst</a><a href="#cite_note-Nathorst1915-47">[44]</a> described the <a href="/wiki/Paleocene" title="Paleocene">Paleocene</a>-<a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> (ca. 55 Ma) <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> forest in the Stenkul Fiord sediments. The Stenkul Fiord site represents a series of <a href="/wiki/River_delta" title="River delta">deltaic swamp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a> forests.<a href="#cite_note-Kalkreuth1996-48">[45]</a> The trees stood for at least 400 years. Individual stumps and stems of >1 m (>3 ft) diameter were abundant, and are identified as <a href="/wiki/Metasequoia" title="Metasequoia">Metasequoia</a> and possibly <a href="/wiki/Glyptostrobus" title="Glyptostrobus">Glyptostrobus</a>. Well preserved <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peats</a> containing abundant vertebrate and plant <a href="/wiki/Macrofossil" title="Macrofossil">macrofossils</a> characteristic of a <a href="/wiki/Taiga" title="Taiga">boreal forest</a> have been reported from <a href="/wiki/Strathcona_Fiord" title="Strathcona Fiord">Strathcona Fiord</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Tedford2003-49">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ballantyne2010-50">[47]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a> <a href="/wiki/Paleontology" title="Paleontology">paleontologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Neil_Shubin" title="Neil Shubin">Neil Shubin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Natural_Sciences_of_Drexel_University" title="Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University">Academy of Natural Sciences</a> paleontologist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Daeschler" title="Ted Daeschler">Ted Daeschler</a> reported the discovery of the fossil of a <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> (ca. 375 Ma) fish, named <a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik roseae</a>, in the former <a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">stream beds</a> of Ellesmere Island. The fossil exhibits many characteristics of fish, but also indicates a <a href="/wiki/Transitional_fossil" title="Transitional fossil">transitional</a> creature that may be a predecessor of <a href="/wiki/Amphibian" title="Amphibian">amphibians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">reptiles</a>, birds, and <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>, including humans.<a href="#cite_note-Wilford2006-51">[48]</a> In 2011, Jason P. Downs and co-authors described the <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" title="Sarcopterygii">sarcopterygian</a> <a href="/wiki/Laccognathus_embryi" title="Laccognathus embryi">Laccognathus embryi</a> from specimens collected from the same locality that Tiktaalik was found.<a href="#cite_note-NGS2011-52">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ecology">edit</a>]</div> The ecosystems of the High Arctic are considered to be young and underdeveloped, having only emerged since the glacial retreat of 8,000 to 6,000 BCE. There is a lack of species diversity, with a small number of animal species and short food chains.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 30  <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord,_Ellesmere_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg/220px-OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg/330px-OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg/440px-OTC_at_Alexandra_Fiord%2C_Ellesmere_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_Tundra_Experiment" title="International Tundra Experiment">International Tundra Experiment</a> on Ellesmere Island</figcaption></figure> These species have adapted to take advantage of the productive summer while surviving through winter scarcity. Zooplankton, for example, grow to a larger body size and produce larger eggs in greater numbers than in other regions.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 42–43  Aside from the polar desert conditions of much of the island, there are remarkably productive ecological zones in the arctic oasis of the Lake Hazen area and the polynyas of the island's coastal waters.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 33  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Insect_ecology">Insect ecology</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Insect ecology">edit</a>]</div> Ellesmere Island is noted as being the northernmost occurrence of <a href="/wiki/Eusociality" title="Eusociality">eusocial</a> insects; specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Bumblebee" title="Bumblebee">bumblebee</a> <a href="/wiki/Bombus_polaris" title="Bombus polaris">Bombus polaris</a>. There is a second species of bumblebee occurring there, <a href="/wiki/Bombus_hyperboreus" title="Bombus hyperboreus">Bombus hyperboreus</a>, which is a parasite in the nests of B. polaris.<a href="#cite_note-Milliron1966-53">[50]</a> While non-eusocial, the Arctic woolly bear moth (<a href="/wiki/Gynaephora_groenlandica" title="Gynaephora groenlandica">Gynaephora groenlandica</a>) can also be found at Ellesmere Island. While this species generally has a 10-year life cycle, its life is known to extend to up to 14 years at both the <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Fiord" title="Alexandra Fiord">Alexandra Fiord</a> lowland and Ellesmere Island.<a href="#cite_note-Kukal1988-54">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barrio2013-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Earth's_magnetism">Earth's magnetism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Earth's magnetism">edit</a>]</div> In 2015, the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Geomagnetic_pole" title="Geomagnetic pole">geomagnetic north pole</a> was located at approximately <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=80.37_N_72.62_W_&title=Geomagnetic+North+Pole+2015+est">80°22′N 72°37′W / 80.37°N 72.62°W / 80.37; -72.62 (Geomagnetic North Pole 2015 est)</a>, on Ellesmere Island.<a href="#cite_note-NGDC2018-56">[53]</a> It is forecast to remain on Ellesmere Island in 2020, shifting to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=80.65_N_72.68_W_&title=Geomagnetic+North+Pole+2020+est">80°39′N 72°41′W / 80.65°N 72.68°W / 80.65; -72.68 (Geomagnetic North Pole 2020 est)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NGDClimit-57">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Population">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg/170px-Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg/255px-Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg/340px-Ellesmere_Island_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2135" data-file-height="3246" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka</a>, June 1988</figcaption></figure> All groups occupying the island settled on the coast, particularly those relying on maritime resources, while modern-era government-funded settlements were initially supplied by sea.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 16  In 2021, the population of Ellesmere Island was recorded as 144. There are three settlements on Ellesmere Island: <a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a> (permanent pop. 0, but home to a small temporary population), <a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka</a> (permanent pop. 0), and <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a> (pop. 144).<a href="#cite_note-2021census-5">[5]</a> Politically, it is part of the <a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk Region</a>. Part of the year there is also <a href="/wiki/Parks_Canada" title="Parks Canada">Parks Canada</a> staff stationed at <a href="/wiki/Camp_Hazen" title="Camp Hazen">Camp Hazen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tanquary_Fiord_Airport" title="Tanquary Fiord Airport">Tanquary Fiord Airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alert">Alert</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Alert">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/CFS_Alert" title="CFS Alert">Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Alert</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Northernmost_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Northernmost settlements">northernmost continuously inhabited settlement</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> With the end of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and the advent of new technologies allowing for remote interpretation of data, the overwintering population has been reduced to 62 civilians and military personnel as of 2016. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eureka">Eureka</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Eureka">edit</a>]</div> Eureka (the third northernmost settlement in the world) consists of three areas: <a href="/wiki/Eureka_Aerodrome" title="Eureka Aerodrome">Eureka Aerodrome</a>, which includes Fort Eureka (the quarters for military personnel maintaining the island's communications equipment); the <a href="/wiki/Environment_and_Climate_Change_Canada" title="Environment and Climate Change Canada">Environment Canada</a> Weather Station; and the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL), formerly the Arctic Stratospheric Ozone (AStrO) Observatory. Eureka has the lowest average annual temperature and least precipitation of any weather station in Canada. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grise_Fiord">Grise Fiord</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Grise Fiord">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_size_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Life_size_monument.jpg/170px-Life_size_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Life_size_monument.jpg/255px-Life_size_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Life_size_monument.jpg/340px-Life_size_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3872" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the first Inuit settlers relocated to <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a> in 1952–55. This was during Canada's controversial <a href="/wiki/High_Arctic_relocation" title="High Arctic relocation">High Arctic relocation</a> program.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inuktitut_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuktitut language">Inuktitut</a>: ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ, <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Inuktitut" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Inuktitut">Romanized</a>: Aujuittuq, <a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> "place that never thaws") is an <a href="/wiki/Inuit" title="Inuit">Inuit</a> hamlet that, despite a population of only 144,<a href="#cite_note-2021census-5">[5]</a> is the largest community on Ellesmere Island. Located at the southern tip of Ellesmere Island, Grise Fiord lies 1,160 km (720 mi) north of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Circle" title="Arctic Circle">Arctic Circle</a>. Grise Fiord is the <a href="/wiki/Northernmost_settlements" class="mw-redirect" title="Northernmost settlements">northernmost civilian settlement</a> in Canada. It is also one of the coldest inhabited places in the world, with an average yearly temperature of −16.5 °C (2.3 °F). Grise Fiord is cradled by the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cordillera" title="Arctic Cordillera">Arctic Cordillera</a> mountain range. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transportation">edit</a>]</div> Transportation along coastal waters has been historically important for hunting and trade, whether on the sea ice or in small boats.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 21  The <a href="/wiki/Ice_foot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice foot">ice foot</a>, a belt of level and secure ice around the shoreline between the high and low water marks, can be used from mid-September to July.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 17  In contrast, the pack ice does not stabilize and freeze fast until February, and presents a much rougher surface for travel.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 19–20  The navigation season for seagoing vessels is from late July to September, but is often considered treacherous due to currents, persistent shore ice, sea ice, and massive icebergs calved off of the many glaciers. September also marks a change in the weather with regular fog and the beginning of the autumn storm season.<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 21–22  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> Ellesmere Island is the setting of much of <a href="/wiki/Melanie_McGrath" title="Melanie McGrath">Melanie McGrath</a>'s The Long Exile: A True Story of Deception and Survival Amongst the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic<a href="#cite_note-McGrath2007-59">[56]</a> about the <a href="/wiki/High_Arctic_relocation" title="High Arctic relocation">High Arctic relocation</a>, and also of her Edie Kiglatuk mystery series.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath2011-60">[57]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2013_in_film" title="2013 in film">2013</a> American <a href="/wiki/Superhero_film" title="Superhero film">superhero film</a> <a href="/wiki/Man_of_Steel_(film)" title="Man of Steel (film)">Man of Steel</a>, Ellesmere Island is the site of a combined United States-Canadian scientific expedition to recover an ancient <a href="/wiki/Kryptonian" title="Kryptonian">Kryptonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Solitude#Film" title="Fortress of Solitude">spaceship</a> buried in the glacial ice pack.<a href="#cite_note-Superman-61">[58]</a> The island is the location for the 2014 <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> programme Snow Wolf Family and Me.<a href="#cite_note-BBCWolf-62">[59]</a> The 2008 documentary Exile by <a href="/wiki/Zacharias_Kunuk" title="Zacharias Kunuk">Zacharias Kunuk</a> documents the experiences of Inuit families who were forcibly relocated to Ellesmere island in the 1950s to settle it for the Canadian government. The families discuss being deceived by the government about the conditions and terms of where they were going and having to endure years of surviving in inhospitable conditions with little food or water.<a href="#cite_note-KunukDoc-63">[60]</a> In 2022, the US <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Wildlife_Art" title="National Museum of Wildlife Art">National Museum of Wildlife Art</a> debuted the travelling exhibit Wolves: Photography by Ronan Donovan. The exhibit was developed in collaboration with the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a> and features images and videos of the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_wolf" title="Arctic wolf">Arctic wolves</a> living on Ellesmere Island.<a href="#cite_note-64">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lomonosov_Ridge" title="Lomonosov Ridge">Lomonosov Ridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledoyom" title="Ledoyom">Ledoyom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serson_Ice_Shelf" title="Serson Ice Shelf">Serson Ice Shelf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borup_Fiord_Pass" title="Borup Fiord Pass">Borup Fiord Pass</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Qitlaq reportedly met members of Inglefield's 1854 expedition and Sir <a href="/wiki/Leopold_McClintock" title="Leopold McClintock">Leopold McClintock</a>'s 1857–1859 expedition while on <a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a><a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 102  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> While Dick 2001 gives this temperature as −70 °C (−94 °F),<a href="#cite_note-Dick-2">[2]</a>: 43  this is the only temperature the source provides in Celsius on that and the adjacent pages and appears to be a typo. Other sources for this International Geophysical Year observation station give the temperature as −69.2 °F (−56.2 °C), noting that this stands as the coldest temperature reported in the Arctic Archipelago.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Climate data 1991–2020 is a composite recorded at Alert Upper Air, Alert Climate (<a href="/wiki/Location_identifier#WMO_station_identifiers" title="Location identifier">WMO ID</a>: 71082 / 71355; Climate ID: 2400306 / 2400305; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=82_30_N_62_20_W_type:airport_region:CA-NU&title=Alert+Upper+Air">82°30′N 62°20′W / 82.500°N 62.333°W / 82.500; -62.333 (Alert Upper Air)</a>; elevation: 65.4 m (215 ft)), and Alert (Climate ID: 2400300; coordinates <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ellesmere_Island&params=82_31_04_N_62_16_50_W_type:airport_region:CA-NU&title=Alert+Airport">82°31′04″N 62°16′50″W / 82.51778°N 62.28056°W / 82.51778; -62.28056 (Alert Airport)</a>; elevation: 30.5 m (100 ft))<a href="#cite_note-ccnalert-31">[29]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=OAFCH">"Ellesmere Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GeoBase_(geospatial_data)#Geographical_Names_Data_Base" title="GeoBase (geospatial data)">Geographical Names Data Base</a>. <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Canada" title="Natural Resources Canada">Natural Resources Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ellesmere+Island&rft.btitle=Geographical+Names+Data+Base&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgeonames.nrcan.gc.ca%2Fsearch-place-names%2Funique%3Fid%3DOAFCH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dick-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-11">l</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-12">m</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-13">n</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-14">o</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-15">p</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-16">q</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-17">r</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-18">s</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-19">t</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-20">u</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-21">v</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-22">w</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-23">x</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-24">y</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-25">z</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-26">aa</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-27">ab</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-28">ac</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-29">ad</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-30">ae</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-31">af</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-32">ag</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-33">ah</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-34">ai</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-35">aj</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-36">ak</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-37">al</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-38">am</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-39">an</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-40">ao</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-41">ap</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-42">aq</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-43">ar</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-44">as</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-45">at</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-46">au</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-47">av</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-48">aw</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-49">ax</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-50">ay</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-51">az</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-52">ba</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-53">bb</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-54">bc</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dick_2-55">bd</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick2001" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Lyle (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=seWk7ZVSE7sC">Muskox Land: Ellesmere Island in the Age of Contact</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Calgary_Press" title="University of Calgary Press">University of Calgary Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-050-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-050-5"><bdi>978-1-55238-050-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muskox+Land%3A+Ellesmere+Island+in+the+Age+of+Contact&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-050-5&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DseWk7ZVSE7sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" 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Atlas.nrcan.gc.ca. 12 August 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/islands.html">the original</a> on 22 January 2013. 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McGrath</a>. 20 July 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031836/https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/mj-mcgrath/white-heat2/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=White+Heat+by+M.J.+McGrath&rft.date=2011-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kirkusreviews.com%2Fbook-reviews%2Fmj-mcgrath%2Fwhite-heat2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Superman-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Superman_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greg_Cox_(writer)" title="Greg Cox (writer)">Cox, Greg</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781781165997">Man of Steel: The Official Movie Novelization</a>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="/wiki/Titan_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Books">Titan Books</a>. pp. 92, 95, 96–114. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78116-599-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78116-599-7"><bdi>978-1-78116-599-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man+of+Steel%3A+The+Official+Movie+Novelization&rft.place=London&rft.pages=92%2C+95%2C+96-114&rft.pub=Titan+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-78116-599-7&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781781165997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCWolf-62"><a href="#cite_ref-BBCWolf_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04ww480">"Snow Wolf Family and Me"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141226085811/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04ww480">Archived</a> from the original on 26 December 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snow+Wolf+Family+and+Me&rft.pub=BBC+Two&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb04ww480&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KunukDoc-63"><a href="#cite_ref-KunukDoc_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.isuma.tv/isuma-productions/exile-0">"Exile Nutaunikut"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090401040013/http://www.isuma.ca/prog?what=24">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exile+Nutaunikut&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isuma.tv%2Fisuma-productions%2Fexile-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildlifeart.org/exhibits/wolves-photographs-by-ronan-donovan">"Wolves: Photography by Ronan Donovan"</a>. National Museum of Wildlife Art. Retrieved 18 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+Wildlife+Art&rft.atitle=Wolves%3A+Photography+by+Ronan+Donovan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildlifeart.org%2Fexhibits%2Fwolves-photographs-by-ronan-donovan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEberleMcKenna2002" class="citation journal cs1">Eberle, Jaelyn; McKenna, Malcolm (2002). "Early Eocene Leptictida, Pantolesta, Creodonta, Carnivora, and Mesonychidae (Mammalia) from the Eureka Sound Group, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 39 (6): 899–910. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002CaJES..39..899E">2002CaJES..39..899E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fe02-001">10.1139/e02-001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Earth+Sciences&rft.atitle=Early+Eocene+Leptictida%2C+Pantolesta%2C+Creodonta%2C+Carnivora%2C+and+Mesonychidae+%28Mammalia%29+from+the+Eureka+Sound+Group%2C+Ellesmere+Island%2C+Nunavut&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=899-910&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fe02-001&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002CaJES..39..899E&rft.aulast=Eberle&rft.aufirst=Jaelyn&rft.au=McKenna%2C+Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKobalenko2002" class="citation book cs1">Kobalenko, Jerry (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/horizontaleveres00koba">The Horizontal Everest Extreme Journeys on Ellesmere Island</a>. New York, NY: Soho. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56947-266-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56947-266-8"><bdi>978-1-56947-266-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/48013772">48013772</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Horizontal+Everest+Extreme+Journeys+on+Ellesmere+Island&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Soho&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F48013772&rft.isbn=978-1-56947-266-8&rft.aulast=Kobalenko&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhorizontaleveres00koba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelineDickLyons2005" class="citation book cs1">Micheline, Manseau; Dick, Lyle; Lyons, Natasha (2005). People, caribou, and muskoxen on northern Ellesmere Island historical interactions and population ecology, ca. 4300 BP to present. Ottawa: Parks Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-662-68835-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-662-68835-8"><bdi>978-0-662-68835-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People%2C+caribou%2C+and+muskoxen+on+northern+Ellesmere+Island+historical+interactions+and+population+ecology%2C+ca.+4300+BP+to+present&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pub=Parks+Canada&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-662-68835-8&rft.aulast=Micheline&rft.aufirst=Manseau&rft.au=Dick%2C+Lyle&rft.au=Lyons%2C+Natasha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMechBrandenburg1988" class="citation journal cs1">Mech, L. David; Brandenburg, Jim (June 1988). "Life in the High Arctic". <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic (magazine)">National Geographic</a>. 173 (6): 750–767.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Life+in+the+High+Arctic&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=750-767&rft.date=1988-06&rft.aulast=Mech&rft.aufirst=L.+David&rft.au=Brandenburg%2C+Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEllesmere+Island" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellesmere_Island&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Map all coordinates using <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/osm4wiki/cgi-bin/wiki/wiki-osm.pl?project=en&article=Ellesmere_Island">OpenStreetMap</a> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="show links" data-collapsetext="Hide"> Download coordinates as: <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/kmlexport?article=Ellesmere_Island">KML</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=all&titles=Ellesmere_Island">GPX (all coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=primary&titles=Ellesmere_Island">GPX (primary coordinates)</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://geoexport.toolforge.org/gpx?coprimary=secondary&titles=Ellesmere_Island">GPX (secondary coordinates)</a></li></ul> </div> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150502023340/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/toporama?center=451619.75218194,3420379.7574806&zoom=4">Ellesmere Island in the Atlas of Canada - Toporama; Natural Resources Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bivouac.com/ArxPg.asp?ArxId=1095">Mountains on Ellesmere Island</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca//arctic/Arctic10-1-32.pdf">Detailed map, northern Ellesmere Island, including named capes, points, bays, and offshore islands</a> by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Hattersley-Smith" title="Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith">Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/1049">Norman E. Brice Report on Ellesmere Island</a> at Dartmouth College Library</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Queen Elizabeth Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ellesmere Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ellesmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt_Island" title="Ward Hunt Island">Ward Hunt Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Parry Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Bathurst Island (Nunavut)">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Patrick_Island" title="Prince Patrick Island">Prince Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwallis_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Cornwallis Island (Nunavut)">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_King_Island" title="Mackenzie King Island">Mackenzie King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Island" title="Borden Island">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Cornwall Island (Nunavut)">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglinton_Island" title="Eglinton Island">Eglinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Graham Island (Nunavut)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lougheed_Island" title="Lougheed Island">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byam_Martin_Island" title="Byam Martin Island">Byam Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Vanier" title="Île Vanier">Île Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Island" title="Cameron Island">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Island" title="Brock Island">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kent_Island" title="North Kent Island">North Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Isle_(Northwest_Territories)" title="Emerald Isle (Northwest Territories)">Emerald Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Alexander Island (Nunavut)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Island" title="Massey Island">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Cornwallis_Island" title="Little Cornwallis Island">Little Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_Island" title="Coburg Island">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Island_(Nunavut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Island (Nunavut)">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baillie-Hamilton_Island" title="Baillie-Hamilton Island">Baillie-Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Griffith Island (Nunavut)">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoved_Island" title="Hoved Island">Hoved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowther_Island" title="Lowther Island">Lowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Island" title="Buckingham Island">Buckingham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechey_Island" title="Beechey Island">Beechey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Islands" title="Berkeley Islands">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browne_Island" title="Browne Island">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyne_Islands" title="Cheyne Islands">Cheyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocked_Hat_Island" title="Cocked Hat Island">Cocked Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Crescent Island (Nunavut)">Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Voeux_Island" title="Des Voeux Island">Des Voeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundas_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Dundas Island (Nunavut)">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Walker_Island" title="Edmund Walker Island">Edmund Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight_Bears_Island" title="Eight Bears Island">Eight Bears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekins_Island" title="Ekins Island">Ekins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmouth_Island" title="Exmouth Island">Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairholme_Island" title="Fairholme Island">Fairholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzwilliam_Owen_Island" title="Fitzwilliam Owen Island">Fitzwilliam Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findlay_Group" title="Findlay Group">Findlay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Garrett Island (Nunavut)">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Island" title="Grosvenor Island">Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Island" title="Hans Island">Hans</a> (shared with <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Island" title="Houston Stewart Island">Houston Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Parker_Island" title="Hyde Parker Island">Hyde Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Marc" title="Île Marc">Île Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrow_Island" title="John Barrow Island">John Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Margaret Island (Nunavut)">Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nookap_Island" title="Nookap Island">Nookap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer_Island" title="Norman Lockyer Island">Norman Lockyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_Island_(Findlay_Group)" title="Patterson Island (Findlay Group)">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philpots_Island" title="Philpots Island">Philpots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_Island" title="Pim Island">Pim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Pioneer Island (Nunavut)">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Royal_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Princess Royal Island (Nunavut)">Princess Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Seymour Island (Nunavut)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skraeling_Island" title="Skraeling Island">Skraeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_Island" title="Spit Island">Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupart_Island" title="Stupart Island">Stupart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Island" title="Table Island">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Thor Island (Nunavut)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro_Island" title="Truro Island">Truro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Islands" title="Sverdrup Islands">Sverdrup Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellef_Ringnes_Island" title="Ellef Ringnes Island">Ellef Ringnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amund_Ringnes_Island" title="Amund Ringnes Island">Amund Ringnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Christian_Island" title="King Christian Island">King Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meighen_Island" title="Meighen Island">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stor_Island" title="Stor Island">Stor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Islands" title="Fay Islands">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretha_Islands" title="Gretha Islands">Gretha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haig-Thomas_Island" title="Haig-Thomas Island">Haig-Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_Island_(Sverdrup_Islands)" title="Hat Island (Sverdrup Islands)">Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulvingen_Island" title="Ulvingen Island">Ulvingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arctic_Cordillera_of_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CDDEFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arctic_Cordillera" title="Template:Arctic Cordillera"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arctic_Cordillera" title="Template talk:Arctic Cordillera"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arctic_Cordillera" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arctic Cordillera"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arctic_Cordillera_of_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Cordillera" title="Arctic Cordillera">Arctic Cordillera</a> of Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Ranges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Range" title="Adam Range">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Mountains" title="Baffin Mountains">Baffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackwelder_Mountains" title="Blackwelder Mountains">Blackwelder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountains_(Nunavut)" title="Blue Mountains (Nunavut)">Blue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_Hills" title="Boulder Hills">Boulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Range" title="British Empire Range">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Mountains" title="Bruce Mountains">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byam_Martin_Mountains" title="Byam Martin Mountains">Byan Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Challenger_Mountains" title="Challenger Mountains">Challenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conger_Range" title="Conger Range">Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_Mountains" title="Cunningham Mountains">Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douro_Range" title="Douro Range">Douro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Mountains" title="Everett Mountains">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garfield_Range" title="Garfield Range">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geodetic_Hills" title="Geodetic Hills">Geodetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinnell_Range" title="Grinnell Range">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grogan_Morgan_Range" title="Grogan Morgan Range">Grogan Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haddington_Range" title="Haddington Range">Haddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartz_Mountains_(Nunavut)" title="Hartz Mountains (Nunavut)">Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglefield_Mountains" title="Inglefield Mountains">Inglefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuitian_Mountains" title="Innuitian Mountains">Innuitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffries_Range" title="Jeffries Range">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Range" title="Joy Range">Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumajet_Mountains" title="Kaumajet Mountains">Kaumajet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krag_Mountains" title="Krag Mountains">Krag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krieger_Mountains" title="Krieger Mountains">Krieger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborn_Range" title="Osborn Range">Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precipitous_Mountains" title="Precipitous Mountains">Precipitous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Mountains" title="Prince of Wales Mountains">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Margaret_Range" title="Princess Margaret Range">Princess Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawtooth_Range_(Nunavut)" title="Sawtooth Range (Nunavut)">Sawtooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoresby_Hills" title="Scoresby Hills">Scoresby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selamiut_Range" title="Selamiut Range">Selamiut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokes_Range" title="Stokes Range">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Range" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss Range">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorndike_Peaks" title="Thorndike Peaks">Thorndike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torngat_Mountains" title="Torngat Mountains">Torngat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treuter_Mountains" title="Treuter Mountains">Treuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Range" title="United States Range">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Mountains" title="Victoria and Albert Mountains">Victoria and Albert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Triplets_Peaks" class="mw-redirect" title="White Triplets Peaks">White Triplets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Mountains</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angilaaq_Mountain" title="Angilaaq Mountain">Angilaaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angna_Mountain" title="Angna Mountain">Angna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Mountain_(Nunavut)" title="Arrowhead Mountain (Nunavut)">Arrowhead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arthur_(Nunavut)" title="Mount Arthur (Nunavut)">Arthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Asgard" title="Mount Asgard">Asgard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ayles" title="Mount Ayles">Ayles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baldr" title="Mount Baldr">Baldr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbeau_Peak" title="Barbeau Peak">Barbeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastille_Peak" title="Bastille Peak">Bastille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Battle" title="Mount Battle">Battle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Beaufort" title="Mount Beaufort">Beaufort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Biederbick" title="Mount Biederbick">Biederbick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop%27s_Mitre_(Labrador)" title="Bishop's Mitre (Labrador)">Bishop's Mitre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_Mountain" title="Brave Mountain">Brave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breidablik_Peak" title="Breidablik Peak">Breidablik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Caubvick" title="Mount Caubvick">Caubvick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque_Mountain" title="Cirque Mountain">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Mountain" title="Commonwealth Mountain">Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Eugene" title="Mount Eugene">Eugene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highpointer_Peak" title="Highpointer Peak">Highpointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuit_Mountain" title="Innuit Mountain">Innuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisimngiuqtuq_Peak" title="Kisimngiuqtuq Peak">Kisimngiuqtuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Sun_Peak" title="Midnight Sun Peak">Midnight Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nukap" title="Mount Nukap">Nukap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Odin" title="Mount Odin">Odin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Peak" title="Outlook Peak">Outlook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Oxford_(Nunavut)" title="Mount Oxford (Nunavut)">Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiajivik_Mountain" title="Qiajivik Mountain">Qiajivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokes_Mountain" title="Stokes Mountain">Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Thor" title="Mount Thor">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Thule" title="Mount Thule">Thule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torngarsoak_Mountain" title="Torngarsoak Mountain">Torngarsoak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukpik_Peak" title="Ukpik Peak">Ukpik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Whisler" title="Mount Whisler">Whisler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Crown_Mountain" title="White Crown Mountain">White Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Passes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akshayuk_Pass" title="Akshayuk Pass">Akshayuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayr_Pass" title="Ayr Pass">Ayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Pass" title="Bryant Pass">Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cockscomb_Pass" title="Cockscomb Pass">Cockscomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eskimo_Pass" title="Eskimo Pass">Eskimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_Pass" title="Eureka Pass">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_Pass" title="Fortress Pass">Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier_Pass" title="Glacier Pass">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingnait_Pass" title="Kingnait Pass">Kingnait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perfection_Pass" title="Perfection Pass">Perfection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Pass" title="Pioneer Pass">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_Pass" title="Piper Pass">Piper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Bear_Pass" title="Polar Bear Pass">Polar Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revoir_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoir Pass">Revoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeyer_Pass" title="Singeyer Pass">Singeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Fiord_Pass" title="Strand Fiord Pass">Strand Fiord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Pass" title="Sverdrup Pass">Sverdrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Hauen_Pass" title="Van Hauen Pass">Van Hauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelverton_Pass" title="Yelverton Pass">Yelverton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Glaciers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad_Astra_Ice_Cap" title="Ad Astra Ice Cap">Ad Astra Ice Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agassiz_Ice_Cap" title="Agassiz Ice Cap">Agassiz Ice Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnes_Ice_Cap" title="Barnes Ice Cap">Barnes Ice Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Glacier" title="Benedict Glacier">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Glacier" title="Coronation Glacier">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Ice_Cap" title="Devon Ice Cap">Devon Ice Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disraeli_Glacier" title="Disraeli Glacier">Disraeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenie_Glacier" title="Eugenie Glacier">Eugenie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull_Glacier" title="Gull Glacier">Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Maasi_Glacier" title="Jimi Maasi Glacier">Jimi Maasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaparoqtalik_Glacier" title="Kaparoqtalik Glacier">Kaparoqtalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_Glacier" title="Keyhole Glacier">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiitarayuk_Glacier" title="Kiitarayuk Glacier">Kiitarayuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macculloch_Glacier" title="Macculloch Glacier">Macculloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narsarsuk_Glacier" class="mw-redirect" title="Narsarsuk Glacier">Narsarsuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuuksuq_Glacier" title="Nuuksuq Glacier">Nuuksuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Glacier" title="Oliver Glacier">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parrish_Glacier" title="Parrish Glacier">Parrish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Ice_Cap" title="Penny Ice Cap">Penny Ice Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermilik_Glacier" title="Sermilik Glacier">Sermilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sven_Hedin_Glacier" title="Sven Hedin Glacier">Sven Hedin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turnabout_Glacier" title="Turnabout Glacier">Turnabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utinatuk_Glacier" title="Utinatuk Glacier">Utinatuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pioneer_Glacier" title="West Pioneer Glacier">West Pioneer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amund_Ringnes_Island" title="Amund Ringnes Island">Amund Ringnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Bathurst Island (Nunavut)">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylot_Island" title="Bylot Island">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_Island" title="Coburg Island">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Cornwall Island (Nunavut)">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellef_Ringnes_Island" title="Ellef Ringnes Island">Ellef Ringnes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ellesmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Island_(Nunavut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Island (Nunavut)">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Vanier" title="Île Vanier">Île Vanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lougheed_Island" title="Lougheed Island">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alert,_Nunavut" title="Alert, Nunavut">Alert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_River,_Nunavut" title="Clyde River, Nunavut">Clyde River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nunavut" title="Eureka, Nunavut">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grise_Fiord" title="Grise Fiord">Grise Fiord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iqaluit" title="Iqaluit">Iqaluit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pangnirtung" title="Pangnirtung">Pangnirtung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond_Inlet" title="Pond Inlet">Pond Inlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtarjuaq" title="Qikiqtarjuaq">Qikiqtarjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_in_Nunavut" title="List of communities in Nunavut">List of communities in Nunavut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CDDEFF;width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auyuittuq_National_Park" title="Auyuittuq National Park">Auyuittuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quttinirpaaq_National_Park" title="Quttinirpaaq National Park">Quttinirpaaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirmilik_National_Park" title="Sirmilik National Park">Sirmilik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torngat_Mountains_National_Park" title="Torngat Mountains National Park">Torngat Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Islands_of_the_Qikiqtaaluk_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CDDEFF"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Template:Islands of the Qikiqtaaluk Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Islands_of_the_Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Template talk:Islands of the Qikiqtaaluk Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islands_of_the_Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Islands of the Qikiqtaaluk Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Islands_of_the_Qikiqtaaluk_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Islands of the <a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk_Region" title="Qikiqtaaluk Region">Qikiqtaaluk Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Adams Island (Nunavut)">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akpatok_Island" title="Akpatok Island">Akpatok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Island" title="Alfred Island">Alfred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Allen Island (Nunavut)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvalik_Islands" title="Arvalik Islands">Arvalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulattivik" title="Aulattivik">Aulattivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulitivik_Island" title="Aulitivik Island">Aulitivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulitiving_Island" title="Aulitiving Island">Aulitiving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth_Island" title="Barth Island">Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Island_(Ungava_Bay)" title="Beacon Island (Ungava Bay)">Beacon (Ungava Bay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergesen_Island" title="Bergesen Island">Bergesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjarnason_Island" title="Bjarnason Island">Bjarnason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bylot_Island" title="Bylot Island">Bylot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davids_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Davids Island (Nunavut)">Davids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexterity_Island" title="Dexterity Island">Dexterity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Island" title="Diana Island">Diana </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgeworth_Island" title="Edgeworth Island">Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eider_Islands" title="Eider Islands">Eider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elder_Island" title="Elder Island">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Fraser Island (Nunavut)">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrfalcon_Islands" title="Gyrfalcon Islands">Gyrfalcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Hamilton Island (Nunavut)">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiliit" title="Imiliit">Imiliit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imiqqutailaqtuuq_Islands" title="Imiqqutailaqtuuq Islands">Imiqqutailaqtuuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaigosuiyat_Islands" title="Kaigosuiyat Islands">Kaigosuiyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilian_Island" title="Kilian Island">Kilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Franklin_Island" title="Lady Franklin Island">Lady Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landslip_Island" title="Landslip Island">Landslip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lock_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Lock Island (Nunavut)">Lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Islands" title="Low Islands">Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Islands" title="Marvin Islands">Marvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumiksaa" title="Mumiksaa">Mumiksaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakoaiyet_Islands" title="Nakoaiyet Islands">Nakoaiyet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Zembla_Island" title="Nova Zembla Island">Nova Zembla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Squaw_Islands" title="Old Squaw Islands">Old Squaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otrick_Island" title="Otrick Island">Otrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_Island" title="Pandora Island">Pandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payne_Islands" title="Payne Islands">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Richards_Islands" title="Peter Richards Islands">Peter Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilattuaq" title="Pilattuaq">Pilattuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisiktarfik_Island" title="Pisiktarfik Island">Pisiktarfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plover_Islands" title="Plover Islands">Plover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescott_Island" title="Prescott Island">Prescott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Leopold_Island" title="Prince Leopold Island">Prince Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)">Prince of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqta" title="Qikiqta">Qikiqta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaaluk" title="Qikiqtaaluk">Qikiqtaaluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qimivvik" title="Qimivvik">Qimivvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Round Island (Nunavut)">Round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Russell Island (Nunavut)">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saglaarjuk" title="Saglaarjuk">Saglaarjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saglirjuaq" title="Saglirjuaq">Saglirjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salikuit_Islands" title="Salikuit Islands">Salikuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saneruarsuk_Islands" title="Saneruarsuk Islands">Saneruarsuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simialuk" title="Simialuk">Simialuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Somerset Island (Nunavut)">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicer_Islands" title="Spicer Islands">Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Stephens Island (Nunavut)">Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Islands_(Nunavut)" title="Trinity Islands (Nunavut)">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Hamilton_Island" title="Vesey Hamilton Island">Vesey Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Island" title="Vivian Island">Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Islands_(Nunavut)" title="Wollaston Islands (Nunavut)">Wollaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeoman_Island" title="Yeoman Island">Yeoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Young Island (Nunavut)">Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;"><a href="/wiki/Belcher_Islands" title="Belcher Islands">Belcher Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bradbury_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradbury Island">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomfield_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Broomfield Island">Broomfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Bun Island">Bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cake_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Cake Island">Cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camsell_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Camsell Island">Camsell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Island_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove Island (Canada)">Dove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Island">Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaherty_Island" title="Flaherty Island">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innetalling_Island" title="Innetalling Island">Innetalling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlay_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Karlay Island">Karlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Duke_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="La Duke Island">La Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loaf_Island_(Nunavut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loaf Island (Nunavut)">Loaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Mata Island">Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavor_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Mavor Island">Mavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Island_(Belcher_Islands)" title="Moore Island (Belcher Islands)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Nero Island">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ney_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Ney Island">Ney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Leary_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Leary Island">O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Range_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Range Island">Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renouf_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Renouf Island">Renouf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snape_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Snape Island">Snape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_Island,_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Split Island, Canada">Split</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tukarak_Island" title="Tukarak Island">Tukarak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Cairns_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin Cairns Island">Twin Cairns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Walton Island">Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiegand_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiegand Island">Wiegand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Sound" title="Cumberland Sound">Cumberland Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akulagok_Island" title="Akulagok Island">Akulagok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarnittuq_Island" title="Anarnittuq Island">Anarnittuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aupaluktok_Island" title="Aupaluktok Island">Aupaluktok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aupaluktut_Island" title="Aupaluktut Island">Aupaluktut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacklead_Island" title="Blacklead Island">Blacklead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_Passage_Island" title="Clear Passage Island">Clear Passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drum_Islands" title="Drum Islands">Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekallulik_Island" title="Ekallulik Island">Ekallulik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iglunga_Island" title="Iglunga Island">Iglunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imigen_Island" title="Imigen Island">Imigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivisa_Island" title="Ivisa Island">Ivisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaigosuit_Islands" title="Kaigosuit Islands">Kaigosuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangigutsak_Island" title="Kangigutsak Island">Kangigutsak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekertelung_Island" title="Kekertelung Island">Kekertelung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekerten_Island" title="Kekerten Island">Kekerten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekertukdjuak_Island" title="Kekertukdjuak Island">Kekertukdjuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudjak_Island" title="Kudjak Island">Kudjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maktaktujanak_Island" title="Maktaktujanak Island">Maktaktujanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miliakdjuin_Island" title="Miliakdjuin Island">Miliakdjuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodie_Island" title="Moodie Island">Moodie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimigen_Island" title="Nimigen Island">Nimigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunatak_Island" title="Nunatak Island">Nunatak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvujen_Island" title="Nuvujen Island">Nuvujen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opingivik_Island" title="Opingivik Island">Opingivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanigut_Islands" title="Sanigut Islands">Sanigut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunik_Island" title="Saunik Island">Saunik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshukowshee_Island" title="Shakshukowshee Island">Shakshukowshee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakshukuk_Island" title="Shakshukuk Island">Shakshukuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesseralik_Island" title="Tesseralik Island">Tesseralik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuapait_Island" title="Tuapait Island">Tuapait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upajjana" title="Upajjana">Upajjana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utaqqiurviarjuruluk" title="Utaqqiurviarjuruluk">Utaqqiurviarjuruluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsusivik_Island" title="Utsusivik Island">Utsusivik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wareham_Island" title="Wareham Island">Wareham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Davis_Strait" title="Davis Strait">Davis Strait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggijjat" title="Aggijjat">Aggijjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akuglek_Island" title="Akuglek Island">Akuglek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alikdjuak_Island" title="Alikdjuak Island">Alikdjuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angijak_Island" title="Angijak Island">Angijak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Broughton Island (Nunavut)">Broughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idjuniving_Island" title="Idjuniving Island">Idjuniving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekertaluk_Island" title="Kekertaluk Island">Kekertaluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekertuk_Island" title="Kekertuk Island">Kekertuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kekerturnak_Island" title="Kekerturnak Island">Kekerturnak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manitung_Island" title="Manitung Island">Manitung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monumental_Island" title="Monumental Island">Monumental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedlukseak_Island" title="Nedlukseak Island">Nedlukseak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nudlung_Island" title="Nudlung Island">Nudlung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunatsiaq_Island" title="Nunatsiaq Island">Nunatsiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvuktik_Island" title="Nuvuktik Island">Nuvuktik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paallavvik" title="Paallavvik">Paallavvik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilektuak_Island" title="Pilektuak Island">Pilektuak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqulluit" title="Qaqulluit">Qaqulluit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Rock Island (Nunavut)">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satigsun_Island" title="Satigsun Island">Satigsun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Foxe_Basin" title="Foxe Basin">Foxe Basin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Island" title="Air Force Island">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bird_Islands_(Nunavut)" title="Bird Islands (Nunavut)">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bray_Island" title="Bray Island">Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Island" title="Foley Island">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloolik_Island" title="Igloolik Island">Igloolik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapuiviit" title="Kapuiviit">Kapuiviit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_Island" title="Koch Island">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirlirnaqtuuq" title="Nirlirnaqtuuq">Nirlirnaqtuuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Tweedsmuir_Island" title="North Tweedsmuir Island">North Tweedsmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles_Island" title="Prince Charles Island">Prince Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaarjuk" title="Qikiqtaarjuk">Qikiqtaarjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowley_Island" title="Rowley Island">Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siuraq" title="Siuraq">Siuraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Tweedsmuir_Island" title="South Tweedsmuir Island">South Tweedsmuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Island_(Nunavut)" class="mw-redirect" title="White Island (Nunavut)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Island_(Qikiqtaaluk)" title="Winter Island (Qikiqtaaluk)">Winter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Frobisher_Bay" title="Frobisher Bay">Frobisher Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerine_Island" title="Algerine Island">Algerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_Island" title="Alligator Island">Alligator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchorage_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Anchorage Island (Nunavut)">Anchorage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Island" title="Aubrey Island">Aubrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Island" title="Augustus Island">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Bear Island (Nunavut)">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Beveridge Island (Nunavut)">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Island" title="Bishop Island">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigus_Island" title="Brigus Island">Brigus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brook_Island" title="Brook Island">Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Bruce Island (Nunavut)">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairn_Island" title="Cairn Island">Cairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Camp Island (Nunavut)">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_Islands" title="Carter Islands">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Island" title="Chase Island">Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Coffin Island (Nunavut)">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimmins_Island" title="Crimmins Island">Crimmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowell_Island" title="Crowell Island">Crowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culbertson_Island" title="Culbertson Island">Culbertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Daniel Island (Nunavut)">Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Dog Island (Nunavut)">Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_Island" title="Eden Island">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerick_Island" title="Emerick Island">Emerick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falk_Island" title="Falk Island">Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faris_Island" title="Faris Island">Faris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_Island" title="Field Island">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Fletcher Island (Nunavut)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frobisher%27s_Farthest" title="Frobisher's Farthest">Frobisher's Farthest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Island" title="Gabriel Island">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Gardiner Island (Nunavut)">Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Island" title="Gay Island">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_Island" title="Gross Island">Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Island" title="Halford Island">Halford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hantzsch_Island" title="Hantzsch Island">Hantzsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper_Islands" title="Harper Islands">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_Island" title="Hill Island">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenvey_Island" title="Jenvey Island">Jenvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodlunarn_Island" title="Kodlunarn Island">Kodlunarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudlago_Island" title="Kudlago Island">Kudlago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kungo_Island" title="Kungo Island">Kungo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefferts_Island" title="Lefferts Island">Lefferts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Island" title="Leopold Island">Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loks_Land" title="Loks Land">Loks Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Frobisher_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Long Island (Frobisher Bay, Nunavut)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Low Island (Nunavut)">Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luella_Island" title="Luella Island">Luella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mair_Island" title="Mair Island">Mair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Island_(Frobisher_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Mark Island (Frobisher Bay, Nunavut)">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Mary Island (Nunavut)">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McAllister_Island" title="McAllister Island">McAllister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McBride_Island" title="McBride Island">McBride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLaren_Island" title="McLaren Island">McLaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLean_Island_(Nunavut)" title="McLean Island (Nunavut)">McLean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metela_Island" title="Metela Island">Metela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitchell_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Mitchell Island (Nunavut)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monument_Island" title="Monument Island">Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest_Island" title="Nest Island">Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouyarn_Island" title="Nouyarn Island">Nouyarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_Island" title="Ogden Island">Ogden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Island" title="Pan Island">Pan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Peak Island (Nunavut)">Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pichit_Island" title="Pichit Island">Pichit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Pike Island (Nunavut)">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Lady_Island" title="Pink Lady Island">Pink Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Island" title="Pope Island">Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Island" title="Potter Island">Potter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precipice_Island" title="Precipice Island">Precipice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptarmigan_Island" title="Ptarmigan Island">Ptarmigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugh_Island" title="Pugh Island">Pugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarsau_Island" title="Qarsau Island">Qarsau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrifid_Island" title="Quadrifid Island">Quadrifid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redan_Island" title="Redan Island">Redan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resor_Island" title="Resor Island">Resor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale_Island" title="Sale Island">Sale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalene_Island" title="Scalene Island">Scalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sliver_Island" title="Sliver Island">Sliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Island_(Frobisher_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Smith Island (Frobisher Bay, Nunavut)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybil_Island" title="Sybil Island">Sybil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Thompson Island (Nunavut)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskukun_Island" title="Whiskukun Island">Whiskukun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Boothia" title="Gulf of Boothia">Gulf of Boothia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Frederik_Island" title="Crown Prince Frederik Island">Crown Prince Frederik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glen_Island" title="Glen Island">Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeyman_Island" title="Honeyman Island">Honeyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoie_Islands" title="Lavoie Islands">Lavoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabine_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Sabine Island (Nunavut)">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Wales Island (Nunavut)">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bay" title="Hudson Bay">Hudson Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awrey_Island" title="Awrey Island">Awrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Island_(Hudson_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Big Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)">Big</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Booth Island (Nunavut)">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronson_Island" title="Bronson Island">Bronson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_Island" title="Commodore Island">Commodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Island" title="Cox Island">Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digges_Islands" title="Digges Islands">Digges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Island" title="Eddy Island">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsie_Island" title="Elsie Island">Elsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraley_Island" title="Fraley Island">Fraley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier_Island" title="Frazier Island">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilmour_Island" title="Gilmour Island">Gilmour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Harrison Island (Nunavut)">Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Gordon_Island" title="J. Gordon Island">J. Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnnys_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnnys Island">Johnnys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugong_Island" title="Kugong Island">Kugong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_(Hudson_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Long Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansel_Island" title="Mansel Island">Mansel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcopeet_Islands" title="Marcopeet Islands">Marcopeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCormack_Island" title="McCormack Island">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Island_(Hopewell_Islands)" title="Moore Island (Hopewell Islands)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvuk_Islands" title="Nuvuk Islands">Nuvuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Islands" title="Ottawa Islands">Ottawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattee_Island" title="Pattee Island">Pattee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perley_Island" title="Perley Island">Perley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Island_(Hudson_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Smith Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)">Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/Hudson_Strait" title="Hudson Strait">Hudson Strait</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguttuaq" title="Anguttuaq">Anguttuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aulatsiviit" title="Aulatsiviit">Aulatsiviit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avingasittuit_Siqinirsipangat_Island" title="Avingasittuit Siqinirsipangat Island">Avingasittuit Siqinirsipangat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Island_(Hudson_Strait)" title="Beacon Island (Hudson Strait)">Beacon (Hudson Strait)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Bluff_Island" title="Black Bluff Island">Black Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Bush Island (Nunavut)">Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Button_Islands" title="Button Islands">Button</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Charles Island (Nunavut)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Clark Island (Nunavut)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolphin_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Dolphin Island (Nunavut)">Dolphin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorset_Island" title="Dorset Island">Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgell_Island" title="Edgell Island">Edgell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhardt_Island" title="Erhardt Island">Erhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Island" title="Goodwin Island">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudmusson_Island" title="Gudmusson Island">Gudmusson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Island" title="Hector Island">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holdridge_Island" title="Holdridge Island">Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijjuriktuq" title="Ijjuriktuq">Ijjuriktuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivvitsa" title="Ivvitsa">Ivvitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaavvijjuaq" title="Kaavvijjuaq">Kaavvijjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Island_(Nunavut)" title="King Island (Nunavut)">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinngarjuaq" title="Kinngarjuaq">Kinngarjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacy_Island" title="Lacy Island">Lacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavoie_Island" title="Lavoie Island">Lavoie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawson_Island" title="Lawson Island">Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leading_Island" title="Leading Island">Leading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Savage_Islands" title="Lower Savage Islands">Lower Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacColl_Island" title="MacColl Island">MacColl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallik_Island" title="Mallik Island">Mallik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Savage_Islands" title="Middle Savage Islands">Middle Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Mill Island (Nunavut)">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naniruaq" title="Naniruaq">Naniruaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niels_Island" title="Niels Island">Niels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Island" title="Nottingham Island">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunarijjait" title="Nunarijjait">Nunarijjait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvuktiqpaaraaluk" title="Nuvuktiqpaaraaluk">Nuvuktiqpaaraaluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuvursiit_Islands" title="Nuvursiit Islands">Nuvursiit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observation_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Observation Island (Nunavut)">Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_Islands" title="Point Islands">Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poodlatee_Island" title="Poodlatee Island">Poodlatee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaqqannalik" title="Qaqqannalik">Qaqqannalik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaiqsuarjuk" title="Qaiqsuarjuk">Qaiqsuarjuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtaalujjuaq" title="Qikiqtaalujjuaq">Qikiqtaalujjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtarjuaq_(Hudson_Strait)" title="Qikiqtarjuaq (Hudson Strait)">Qikiqtarjuaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qikiqtarjuarusiq" title="Qikiqtarjuarusiq">Qikiqtarjuarusiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resolution_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Resolution Island (Nunavut)">Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarru" title="Saarru">Saarru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Salisbury Island (Nunavut)">Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saqajaa" title="Saqajaa">Saqajaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheer_Islands" title="Sheer Islands">Sheer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strathcona_Islands" title="Strathcona Islands">Strathcona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takijualuk" title="Takijualuk">Takijualuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukaliqtuuq" title="Ukaliqtuuq">Ukaliqtuuq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungirlauttat" title="Ungirlauttat">Ungirlauttat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upirngiviaaluk" title="Upirngiviaaluk">Upirngiviaaluk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of <a href="/wiki/James_Bay" title="James Bay">James Bay</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akimiski_Island" title="Akimiski Island">Akimiski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_Islands" title="Bear Islands">Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Island_(James_Bay,_Nunavut)" title="Big Island (James Bay, Nunavut)">Big</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Hope_Islands" title="Cape Hope Islands">Cape Hope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carey_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Carey Island (Nunavut)">Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlton_Island" title="Charlton Island">Charlton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Goose_Island" title="Grey Goose Island">Grey Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gull_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Gull Island (Nunavut)">Gull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Island" title="Jacob Island">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Island_(Boat_Passage)" title="Moore Island (Boat Passage)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Twin_Island_(Nunavut)" title="North Twin Island (Nunavut)">North Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_Hills_Islands" title="Paint Hills Islands">Paint Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomons_Temple_Islands" title="Solomons Temple Islands">Solomons Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Twin_Island_(Nunavut)" title="South Twin Island (Nunavut)">South Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_Island" title="Spencer Island">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stag_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Stag Island (Nunavut)">Stag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strutton_Islands" title="Strutton Islands">Strutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Sunday Island (Nunavut)">Sunday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trodely_Island" title="Trodely Island">Trodely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin_Islands_(Nunavut)" title="Twin Islands (Nunavut)">Twin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Island" title="Walter Island">Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Island" title="Weston Island">Weston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Islands of the <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Sea" title="Labrador Sea">Labrador Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brevoort_Island" title="Brevoort Island">Brevoort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Chidley_Islands" title="Cape Chidley Islands">Cape Chidley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hall_Island" title="Christopher Hall Island">Christopher Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hozier_Islands" title="Hozier Islands">Hozier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Hudson Island (Nunavut)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilikok_Island" title="Ilikok Island">Ilikok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Jackson Island (Nunavut)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killiniq_Island" title="Killiniq Island">Killiniq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Islands" title="Knight Islands">Knight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leybourne_Islands" title="Leybourne Islands">Leybourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Hall_Island" title="Little Hall Island">Little Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muingmak_Island" title="Muingmak Island">Muingmak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Rogers Island (Nunavut)">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;"><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" title="Queen Elizabeth Islands">Queen Elizabeth Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;">Ellesmere Island</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ellesmere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Hunt_Island" title="Ward Hunt Island">Ward Hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;"><a href="/wiki/Parry_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Parry Islands">Parry Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Alexander Island (Nunavut)">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baillie-Hamilton_Island" title="Baillie-Hamilton Island">Baillie-Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_Island_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathurst Island (Canada)">Bathurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechey_Island" title="Beechey Island">Beechey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Islands" title="Berkeley Islands">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borden_Island" title="Borden Island">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brock_Island" title="Brock Island">Brock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Browne_Island" title="Browne Island">Browne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Island" title="Buckingham Island">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byam_Martin_Island" title="Byam Martin Island">Byam Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameron_Island" title="Cameron Island">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyne_Islands" title="Cheyne Islands">Cheyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coburg_Island" title="Coburg Island">Coburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocked_Hat_Island" title="Cocked Hat Island">Cocked Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Cornwall Island (Nunavut)">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwallis_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Cornwallis Island (Nunavut)">Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Crescent Island (Nunavut)">Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Voeux_Island" title="Des Voeux Island">Des Voeux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dundas_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Dundas Island (Nunavut)">Dundas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Walker_Island" title="Edmund Walker Island">Edmund Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eglinton_Island" title="Eglinton Island">Eglinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekins_Island" title="Ekins Island">Ekins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Isle_(Northwest_Territories)" title="Emerald Isle (Northwest Territories)">Emerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exmouth_Island" title="Exmouth Island">Exmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairholme_Island" title="Fairholme Island">Fairholme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Findlay_Group" title="Findlay Group">Findlay Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garrett_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Garrett Island (Nunavut)">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Graham Island (Nunavut)">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griffith_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Griffith Island (Nunavut)">Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Island" title="Grosvenor Island">Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Island" title="Hans Island">Hans</a> (with Greenland)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Island_(Nunavut)" class="mw-redirect" title="Helena Island (Nunavut)">Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Island" title="Houston Stewart Island">Houston Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoved_Island" title="Hoved Island">Hoved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Parker_Island" title="Hyde Parker Island">Hyde Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrow_Island" title="John Barrow Island">John Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Cornwallis_Island" title="Little Cornwallis Island">Little Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lougheed_Island" title="Lougheed Island">Lougheed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowther_Island" title="Lowther Island">Lowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_King_Island" title="Mackenzie King Island">Mackenzie King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore_Island_(Intrepid_Passage)" title="Moore Island (Intrepid Passage)">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Marc" title="Île Marc">Marc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Margaret Island (Nunavut)">Margaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massey_Island" title="Massey Island">Massey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nookap_Island" title="Nookap Island">Nookap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lockyer_Island" title="Norman Lockyer Island">Norman Lockyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kent_Island" title="North Kent Island">North Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patterson_Island_(Findlay_Group)" title="Patterson Island (Findlay Group)">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philpots_Island" title="Philpots Island">Philpots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_Island" title="Pim Island">Pim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Pioneer Island (Nunavut)">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Patrick_Island" title="Prince Patrick Island">Prince Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Royal_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Princess Royal Island (Nunavut)">Princess Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Seymour Island (Nunavut)">Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skraeling_Island" title="Skraeling Island">Skraeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spit_Island" title="Spit Island">Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupart_Island" title="Stupart Island">Stupart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_Island" title="Table Island">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Thor Island (Nunavut)">Thor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truro_Island" title="Truro Island">Truro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Vanier" title="Île Vanier">Vanier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CDDEFF;"><a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Islands" title="Sverdrup Islands">Sverdrup Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amund_Ringnes_Island" title="Amund Ringnes Island">Amund Ringnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellef_Ringnes_Island" title="Ellef Ringnes Island">Ellef Ringnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fay_Islands" title="Fay Islands">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gretha_Islands" title="Gretha Islands">Gretha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haig-Thomas_Island" title="Haig-Thomas Island">Haig-Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hat_Island_(Sverdrup_Islands)" title="Hat Island (Sverdrup Islands)">Hat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Christian_Island" title="King Christian Island">King Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meighen_Island" title="Meighen Island">Meighen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stor_Island" title="Stor Island">Stor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulvingen_Island" title="Ulvingen Island">Ulvingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Islands in italics are inhabited. See also <a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Kitikmeot_Region" title="Template:Islands of the Kitikmeot Region">Islands of the Kitikmeot Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Kivalliq_Region" title="Template:Islands of the Kivalliq Region">Islands of the Kivalliq Region</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CDDEFF"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Kitikmeot_Region" title="Template:Islands of the Kitikmeot Region">Islands of the Kitikmeot Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Template:Islands_of_the_Kivalliq_Region" title="Template:Islands of the Kivalliq Region">Islands of the Kivalliq Region</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Template talk:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_largest_islands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's largest islands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_largest_islands" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_by_area" title="List of islands by area">World's largest islands</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000 km2 (38,610 sq mi) and greater</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greenland" title="Geography of Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Madagascar" title="Geography of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baffin_Island" title="Baffin Island">Baffin Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Island" title="Victoria Island">Victoria Island</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ellesmere Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulawesi" title="Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzon" title="Luzon">Luzon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cuba" title="Geography of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iceland" title="Geography of Iceland">Iceland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/28px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/42px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/56px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20,000–99,999 km2 (7,722–38,610 sq mi)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mindanao" title="Mindanao">Mindanao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokkaido" title="Hokkaido">Hokkaido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banks_Island" title="Banks Island">Banks Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tasmania" title="Geography of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devon_Island" title="Devon Island">Devon Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Island" title="Alexander Island">Alexander Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny_Island" title="Severny Island">Severny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Grande_de_Tierra_del_Fuego" title="Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego">Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axel_Heiberg_Island" title="Axel Heiberg Island">Axel Heiberg Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Island_(Northwest_Territories_and_Nunavut)" title="Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)">Melville Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Island" title="Southampton Island">Southampton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraj%C3%B3" title="Marajó">Marajó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitsbergen" title="Spitsbergen">Spitsbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Prince of Wales Island (Nunavut)">Prince of Wales Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhny_Island" title="Yuzhny Island">Yuzhny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan#Geography" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Island" title="Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily#Geography" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_Island_(Nunavut)" title="Somerset Island (Nunavut)">Somerset Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelny_Island" title="Kotelny Island">Kotelny Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Geography" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bananal_Island" title="Bananal Island">Bananal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/17px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/26px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/34px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/19px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/29px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/38px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">islands</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Ellesmere Island at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ellesmere_Island" class="extiw" title="c:Ellesmere Island">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Islands" class="extiw" title="voy:Queen Elizabeth Islands">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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