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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1651" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1651"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 1651 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1651-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1652" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1652"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 1652 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1652-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1653" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1653"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 1653 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1653-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1654" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1654"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1654 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1654-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_–December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_–December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.4 October –December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_–December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1655" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1655"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1655 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1655-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October_–December_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October_–December_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.4 October –December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October_–December_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_4" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_4"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_4-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1656" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1656"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 1656 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1656-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Undated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Undated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.5 Undated </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Undated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1657" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1657"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 1657 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1657-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1658" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1658"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 1658 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1658-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1659" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1659"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 1659 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1659-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January–March_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January–March_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.1 January–March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January–March_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April–June_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April–June_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.2 April–June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April–June_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July–September_10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July–September_10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.3 July–September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July–September_10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October–December_8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October–December_8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.4 October–December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October–December_8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Date_unknown_7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Date_unknown_7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.5 Date unknown </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Date_unknown_7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1650s</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" 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Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" > 89 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1650" title="عقد 1650 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1650" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1650" title="Anyos 1650 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1650" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1650" title="Ans 1650 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1650" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1650" title="Década del 1650 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1650" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-an" title="1650-an – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1650-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AC%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95" title="১৬৫০-এর দশক – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৬৫০-এর দশক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1650 nî-tāi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1650 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%8F" title="1650-я – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1650-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%8F" title="1650-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1650-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-e" title="1650-e – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1650-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1650" title="Bloavezhioù 1650 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1650" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1650" title="Dècada del 1650 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1650" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1650-мĕш çулсем – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1650-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650au" title="1650au – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1650au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%27erne" title="1650'erne – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1650'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1650" title="عوام 1650 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1650" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650er" title="1650er – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1650er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650._aastad" title="1650. aastad – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1650. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1650" title="An 1650 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1650" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1650 це иеть – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1650 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1650" title="Años 1650 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1650" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-aj_jaroj" title="1650-aj jaroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1650-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650eko_hamarkada" title="1650eko hamarkada – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1650eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B6%DB%B5%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۶۵۰ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۶۵۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%C3%A1rini" title="1650-árini – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1650-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1650" title="Années 1650 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Années 1650" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650id%C3%AD" title="1650idí – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1650idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650an" title="1650an – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1650an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1650" title="Década de 1650 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1650" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1650年代 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1650年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1650년대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1650년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1650a" title="Yari 1650a – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1650a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-an" title="1650-an – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1650-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1650-тæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1650-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1651-1660" title="1651-1660 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1651-1660" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1650" title="Anni 1650 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1650" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-50_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-17" title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-17 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-50 של המאה ה-17" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-an" title="1650-an – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1650-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1650-იანები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1650-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1650" title="Miaka ya 1650 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1650" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1650-ӧд вояс – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1650-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XVII_am%C5%BEiaus_6-as_de%C5%A1imtmetis" title="XVII amžiaus 6-as dešimtmetis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XVII amžiaus 6-as dešimtmetis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1650" title="Anni 1650 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1650" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-lugu_vuvvet" title="1650-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1650-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1650-es évek – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1650-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1650-ти – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1650-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AB%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १६५० चे दशक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १६५० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="1650-იანეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1650-იანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1650" title="عقد 1650 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1650" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-an" title="1650-an – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1650-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1650 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1650 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-1659" title="1650-1659 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1650-1659" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1650年代 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1650年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%C3%A5rene" title="1650-årene – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1650-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1650" title="Annaées 1650 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1650" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1650" title="Ans 1650 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1650" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="1650 ийла – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1650 ийла" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-lar" title="1650-lar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1650-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1650 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1650 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1650" title="Década de 1650 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1650" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1650" title="Anii 1650 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1650" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_watakuna" title="1650 watakuna – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1650 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1650-е годы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1650-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%81" title="1650-с – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1650-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650s" title="1650s – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1650s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1650" title="Vitet 1650 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1650" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650ini" title="1650ini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1650ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650s" title="1650s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1650s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/50._roky_17._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 17. storočia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="50. roky 17. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650." title="1650. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1650." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D0%B5" title="1650-е – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1650-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-e" title="1650-e – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1650-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-an" title="1650-an – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1650-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-luku" title="1650-luku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1650-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-talet" title="1650-talet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1650-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1650கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1650கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1650-еллар – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1650-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1650" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1650 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1650" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1650_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1650 (мелодӣ) – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1650 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%27ler" title="1650'ler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1650'ler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1650ýý – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1650ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1650-ті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1650-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1650ء کی دہائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1650ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1650" title="Thập niên 1650 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1650" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1650" title="Anêyes 1650 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1650" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650_nga_dekada" title="1650 nga dekada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1650 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1650%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1650年代 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1650年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Decade</div> The 1650s decade ran from January 1, 1650, to December 31, 1659. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16th_century" title="16th century">16th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1630s" title="1630s">1630s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1640s" title="1640s">1640s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1650s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1660s" title="1660s">1660s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1670s" title="1670s">1670s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1650" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1650">1650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1651" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1651">1651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1652" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1652">1652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1653" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1653">1653</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1654" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1654">1654</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1655" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1655">1655</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1656" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1656">1656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1657" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1657">1657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1658" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1658">1658</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1659" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1659">1659</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_births" title="Category:1650s births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_deaths" title="Category:1650s deaths">Deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_by_country" title="Category:1650s by country">By country</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_establishments" title="Category:1650s establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1650s_disestablishments" title="Category:1650s disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Decadebox" title="Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Decadebox" title="Template talk:Decadebox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Decadebox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/220px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/330px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg/440px-GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7276" data-file-height="4964" /></a><figcaption>February 2, 1653: <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> is incorporated.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1650">1650</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1650&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, dies after a reign of more than 63 years. The area is now part of the northeastern German state of <a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Jules Mazarin</a>, the Chief Minister of France and head of its government since 1642, learns of a plot against him and has the <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_de_Bourbon,_Prince_de_Cond%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé">Prince de Condé</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Armand_de_Bourbon,_prince_de_Conti" class="mw-redirect" title="Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti">Prince de Conti</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Henri_II_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans,_Duke_of_Longueville" title="Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville">Duc de Longueville</a> arrested, prompting <a href="/wiki/The_Fronde" title="The Fronde">a rebellion by parliament against the Crown</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sultan_bin_Saif" title="Sultan bin Saif">Sultan bin Saif</a> of Oman expels the Portuguese colonial government from <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a>, forcing the surrender of the port of <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Muttrah</a> and of Fort Capitan, and captures two warships, ending 35 years of Portuguese occupation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – The French verse play <a href="/wiki/Androm%C3%A8de" title="Andromède">Andromède</a>, commissioned by Cardinal Mazarin, written by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a> and with elaborate sets designed by <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Torelli" title="Giacomo Torelli">Giacomo Torelli</a>, premieres before the royal family at the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_Royal_de_Bourbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Théâtre Royal de Bourbon">Théâtre Royal de Bourbon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>'s troops sweep through Ireland and bombard the <a href="/wiki/Kiltinan_Castle" title="Kiltinan Castle">Kiltinan Castle</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Tipperary" title="County Tipperary">County Tipperary</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Kittensteyn" title="Jacob van Kittensteyn">Jacob van Kittensteyn</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Joan_Maetsuycker" title="Joan Maetsuycker">Joan Maetsuycker</a> as the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Zeylan" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Zeylan">Governor of Zeylan</a> (now the nation of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_de_Vasconcelos_e_Sousa,_2nd_Count_of_Castelo_Melhor" title="João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 2nd Count of Castelo Melhor">João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos</a>, Portuguese Count of Castelo Melhor, becomes the new Governor of Brazil.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kilkenny" title="Siege of Kilkenny">Siege of Kilkenny</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland" title="Cromwellian conquest of Ireland">Ireland by Oliver Cromwell</a> ends in after six days as royalist <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Butler,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Walter Butler, 1st Baronet">Sir Walter Butler</a> turns over control of the city to the Commonwealth of England forces.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carbisdale" title="Battle of Carbisdale">Battle of Carbisdale</a> begins when a <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> army invades mainland Scotland from the <a href="/wiki/Orkney_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Orkney Islands">Orkney Islands</a>. The Royalists are defeated by a <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanter</a> army.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – A quarter of the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Clonmel" title="Siege of Clonmel">Siege of Clonmel</a> in Ireland is trapped and killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Corporation">Harvard Corporation</a>, the more powerful of the two administrative boards of <a href="/wiki/Harvard" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard">Harvard</a>, is established (the first legal <a href="/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation">corporation</a> in the Americas).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – Claimant King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland (at <a href="/wiki/Garmouth,_Moray" class="mw-redirect" title="Garmouth, Moray">Garmouth</a>), the only one of the three <a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy">kingdoms</a> that has accepted him as ruler.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – Italian priest and astronomer <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Sersale" title="Gerolamo Sersale">Gerolamo Sersale</a> of Naples takes advantage of a full moon and draws an extremely detailed lunar map, which is then engraved and reproduced for other astronomers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – Having completed his invasion of Ireland, England's General <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> begins the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Scottish_war_(1650%E2%80%931652)" title="Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652)">war against the Kingdom of Scotland</a>, crossing from <a href="/wiki/Northumberland" title="Northumberland">Northumberland</a> at <a href="/wiki/Berwick-upon-Tweed" title="Berwick-upon-Tweed">Berwick-upon-Tweed</a> into <a href="/wiki/Berwickshire" title="Berwickshire">Berwickshire</a>, and leads troops toward <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_II,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William II, Prince of Orange">William II, Prince of Orange</a>, stadtholder of Holland, attempts to conquer the rest of the Netherlands and attempts a <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Amsterdam_(1650)" title="Attack on Amsterdam (1650)">coup d'état against the Dutch Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Monck" class="mw-redirect" title="George Monck">George Monck</a> forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Coldstream_Guards" title="Coldstream Guards">Coldstream Guards</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Third_English_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third English Civil War">Third English Civil War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dunbar_(1650)" title="Battle of Dunbar (1650)">Battle of Dunbar (1650)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarian</a> forces under <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> defeat a Scottish army, commanded by <a href="/wiki/David_Leslie,_1st_Lord_Newark" title="David Leslie, 1st Lord Newark">David Leslie</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hartford_(1650)" title="Treaty of Hartford (1650)">Treaty of Hartford</a>: the <a href="/wiki/English_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="English Commonwealth">English Commonwealth</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_Colony" title="Connecticut Colony">Connecticut Colony</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>'s colony of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> establish their frontiers in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-3">[3]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kolumbo" title="Kolumbo">Kolumbo</a> volcano on <a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Santorini</a> experiences a massive eruption (VEI 6).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Robinson_(writer)" title="Henry Robinson (writer)">Henry Robinson</a> opens his Office of Addresses and Encounters, a form of employment exchange, in <a href="/wiki/Threadneedle_Street" title="Threadneedle Street">Threadneedle Street</a>, London.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_17" title="October 17">October 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Western_Remonstrance" title="Western Remonstrance">Western Remonstrance</a> is signed by members of the Parliament of Scotland who condemn the recognition of Charles II being crowned King of Scotland, and pledging allegiance to England's General Oliver Cromwell.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Queen Christina of Sweden</a>, who has been the legal ruler of Sweden for almost 18 years, has an elaborate <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> ceremony at the <a href="/wiki/Ulriksdal_Palace" title="Ulriksdal Palace">castle of Jacobsdal</a> near <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>. The coronation had originally been planned for her 18th birthday in 1644 but was delayed by a war with Denmark-Norway.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – The Commonwealth of England government passes <a href="/wiki/An_Act_for_prohibiting_Trade_with_the_Barbadoes,_Virginia,_Bermuda_and_Antego" title="An Act for prohibiting Trade with the Barbadoes, Virginia, Bermuda and Antego">a law prohibiting trade between English merchants and English colonies that had sided with Charles II</a> over Oliver Cromwell. Specifically labeled as <a href="/wiki/English_overseas_possessions_in_the_Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="English overseas possessions in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms">rebel colonies</a> for purposes of the ban are the North American colonies of <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">the Somers Isles (alias Bermuda)</a>, as well as the Caribbean islands of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of Orange</a> becomes Prince of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Orange">House of Orange</a> at the moment of his birth, succeeding his father, who had died a few days earlier. He does not become <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a>, so the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces</a> becomes a true <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Greene" title="Anne Greene">Anne Greene</a> is hanged at <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Castle" title="Oxford Castle">Oxford Castle</a> in England for <a href="/wiki/Infanticide" title="Infanticide">infanticide</a>, having concealed an illegitimate stillbirth. The following day she revives in the dissection room and, being pardoned, lives until 1659.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-DNB-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – Thomas Cooper, former Usher of <a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_School" title="Gresham's School">Gresham's School</a>, England, is hanged as a Royalist rebel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The first modern <a href="/wiki/Palio_di_Siena" title="Palio di Siena">Palio di Siena</a> horserace is held in Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> chop down the original <a href="/wiki/Glastonbury_Thorn" title="Glastonbury Thorn">Glastonbury Thorn</a> in England.</li> <li>English highwayman and <a href="/wiki/Captain_(British_Army_and_Royal_Marines)" title="Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)">Captain</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Hind" title="James Hind">James Hind</a> campaigns for the Royalist cause (according to his own account).</li> <li>Jews are allowed to return to France.</li> <li>Three-wheeled <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchairs</a> are invented in <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a> by watchmaker <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Farffler" title="Stephan Farffler">Stephan Farffler</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Empire" title="Ethiopian Empire">Ethiopia</a> deports Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">missionaries</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Einkommende_Zeitungen" title="Einkommende Zeitungen">Einkommende Zeitungen</a> becomes the first German daily newspaper (ceases <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>).</li> <li>The town of <a href="/wiki/Sharon,_Massachusetts" title="Sharon, Massachusetts">Sharon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts</a> is founded.</li> <li>Estimation – <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1651">1651</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1651&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_2"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> is crowned <a href="/wiki/King_of_Scots" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Scots">King of Scots</a> at <a href="/wiki/Scone,_Scotland" title="Scone, Scotland">Scone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_coronation_of_Charles_II" title="Scottish coronation of Charles II">his first crowning</a>).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Boroa" title="Parliament of Boroa">Parliament of Boroa</a> in Chile: Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> authorities meet at <a href="/wiki/Boroa" title="Boroa">Boroa</a>, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín, in <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Quill%C3%ADn_(1641)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Quillín (1641)">1641</a> and <a href="/wiki/1647" title="1647">1647</a>.<a href="#cite_note-barana339-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-pinochetetal83-10">[10]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Flood">St. Peter's Flood</a>: A first storm tide in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> strikes the coast of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, drowning thousands.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>.The island of <a href="/wiki/Juist" title="Juist">Juist</a> is split in half, and the western half of <a href="/wiki/Buise" title="Buise">Buise</a> is probably washed away.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Flood" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Peter's Flood">St. Peter's Flood</a>: Another storm tide in the North Sea strikes the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, flooding <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – The town of <a href="/wiki/Kajaani" title="Kajaani">Kajaani</a> is founded by Count <a href="/wiki/Per_Brahe_the_Younger" title="Per Brahe the Younger">Per Brahe the Younger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – Prince Aisin Gioro Fulin attains the age of 13 and becomes the <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a> of China, which had been governed by a regency since the death of his father <a href="/wiki/Hong_Taiji" title="Hong Taiji">Hong Taiji</a> in 1643.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – The Spanish ship San José, <a href="/wiki/Real_Situado" title="Real Situado">loaded with silver</a>, is pushed south by strong winds; <a href="/wiki/Wreckage_of_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Wreckage of San José">it wrecks on the coast of southern Chile</a>, and its surviving crew is killed by indigenous <a href="/wiki/Cunco_people" title="Cunco people">Cuncos</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Solano1899-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_2"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi</a>, Emperor of China, announces in an imperial edict that he will purge corruption from government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> publishes his magnum opus, the political tract <a href="/wiki/Leviathan_(Hobbes_book)" title="Leviathan (Hobbes book)">Leviathan</a>, in England. <a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – General <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Kalinowski" title="Marcin Kalinowski">Marcin Kalinowski</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kopychyntsi" title="Battle of Kopychyntsi">Battle of Kopychyntsi</a> against <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a> forces under the command of Asand Demka during the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> purchases the Caribbean islands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Christopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Croix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a> from the France's <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a>. The Order will sell the islands in 1665 to the <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635)">Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659)</a>; A squadron of Spanish <a href="/wiki/Galley" title="Galley">galleys</a> under <a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria_the_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Austria the Younger">John of Austria the Younger</a> <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_the_galleon_Lion_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Capture of the galleon Lion Couronné">capture the French galleon Lion Couronné</a> off <a href="/wiki/Formentera" title="Formentera">Formentera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balearic_Islands" title="Balearic Islands">Balearic Islands</a>, Spain.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – After three days of fighting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, one of the biggest land battles of the 17th century, with some 205,000 troops in the field, the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> Army defeats the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_2"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Inverkeithing" title="Battle of Inverkeithing">Battle of Inverkeithing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the English <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Parliamentarian</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a>, under Major-General <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a>, defeats a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Covenanter" class="mw-redirect" title="Covenanter">Covenanter</a> army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – The troops of King Charles II of Scotland force the retreat of English Commonwealth troops at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warrington_Bridge_(1651)" title="Battle of Warrington Bridge (1651)">Battle of Warrington Bridge</a>, the last victory of Scotland over England in battle.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> <ul><li>The "Onfall of <a href="/wiki/Alyth" title="Alyth">Alyth</a> takes place in the Scottish town of the same name when most of the members of Scotland's governing body, the Committee of States, are betrayed to English invaders. The <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Leslie,_1st_Earl_of_Leven" title="Alexander Leslie, 1st Earl of Leven">Earl of Leven</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay,_17th_Earl_of_Crawford,_1st_Earl_of_Lindsay" class="mw-redirect" title="John Lindsay, 17th Earl of Crawford, 1st Earl of Lindsay">Earl of Crawford</a>, the <a href="/wiki/William_Keith,_7th_Earl_Marischal" title="William Keith, 7th Earl Marischal">Earl Marischal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Nairne,_1st_Lord_Nairne" title="Robert Nairne, 1st Lord Nairne">Lord Nairne</a> and other prominent people are captured and imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>. <a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Upton" title="Battle of Upton">Battle of Upton</a> is fought at <a href="/wiki/Upton-upon-Severn" title="Upton-upon-Severn">Upton-upon-Severn</a> in England, where Scottish invaders commanded by Major General <a href="/wiki/Edward_Massey" title="Edward Massey">Edward Massey</a> are defeated by the English Parliamentarians led by <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a>. The retreat of the Scots clears the way for the successful English attack at Worcester.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dundee" title="Siege of Dundee">siege of Dundee</a> ends with the English Parliamentarian army, under <a href="/wiki/General_Monck" class="mw-redirect" title="General Monck">General Monck</a>, decisively defeating Covenanters in the last battle of the <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms" title="Wars of the Three Kingdoms">Wars of the Three Kingdoms</a> in Scotland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a> is assassinated by her daughter-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Turhan_Sultan" title="Turhan Sultan">Turhan Sultan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>, leading a largely-Scottish army, is defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Worcester" title="Battle of Worcester">Battle of Worcester</a>, the last major battle of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, and forced to flee.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_2"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – Laws are passed in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Prince Charles</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:1650s#Dubious" title="Talk:1650s">discuss</a>] of the House of Stuart <a href="/wiki/Escape_of_Charles_II" title="Escape of Charles II">escapes from England to find refuge in France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBH1651-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October" title="October">October</a> – An English diplomatic team, headed by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_St_John" title="Oliver St John">Oliver St John</a>, goes to <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> to negotiate an alliance between the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Manx_Rebellion_of_1651" title="Manx Rebellion of 1651">Manx Rebellion of 1651</a> comes to an end as <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Stanley,_Countess_of_Derby" title="Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby">the Countess of Derby</a> surrenders the <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a> to the forces of Oliver Cromwell in return for a guarantee of safe passage for herself, her family and her servants, off of the island.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – In China, <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> forces led by <a href="/wiki/Shang_Kexi" title="Shang Kexi">Shang Kexi</a> capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ming" title="Southern Ming">Southern Ming</a> and then carry out a massacre of the population, killing as many as 70,000 people over 11 days ending on December 5.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – Castle Cornet in <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a>, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the <a href="/wiki/Third_English_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Third English Civil War">Third English Civil War</a>, surrenders.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_2"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1651&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Keian_Uprising" title="Keian Uprising">Keian Uprising</a> fails in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Coffee_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee house">coffee house</a> in England is opened in <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CBH1651-17">[17]</a> indicative of their increasing popularity in Europe.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Madanmohan-jiu_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Madanmohan-jiu Temple">Madanmohan-jiu Temple</a> is built at <a href="/wiki/Samta_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samta (India)">Samta (India)</a>, a village in the <a href="/wiki/Howrah_district" title="Howrah district">Howrah district</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1652">1652</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1652&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1652&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_3"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1652&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – At <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, the parliamentary commissioners of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> proclaim the <a href="/wiki/Tender_of_Union" title="Tender of Union">Tender of Union</a> to be in force in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, annexing the Scottish nation with the concession that Scotland would have 30 representatives in the parliament of the English Commonwealth.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, England's Lord Protector, announces that his Council of Scotland will regulate church affairs as part of the Terms of Incorporation of Scotland into England, and eliminates Presbyterianism as Scotland's state religion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> (April 8 New Style) – Total <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_April_8,_1652" title="Solar eclipse of April 8, 1652">solar eclipse of April 8, 1652</a> ("Black Monday").</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_3"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1652&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – Dutch sailor <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Riebeeck" title="Jan van Riebeeck">Jan van Riebeeck</a> establishes a resupply camp for the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> in modern-day <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, thus founding <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a> passes the first law in North America making <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> illegal.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> (May 29, New Style) – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dover_(1652)" title="Battle of Dover (1652)">Battle of Dover</a> – The opening battle is fought off Dover between Lt.-Admiral <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Tromp" title="Maarten Tromp">Maarten Tromp</a>'s 42 Dutch ships and 21 English ships divided into two squadrons, one commanded by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a> and the other by Nehemiah Bourne; the result is inconclusive.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Fox" title="George Fox">George Fox</a> preaches to a large crowd on <a href="/wiki/Firbank_Fell" title="Firbank Fell">Firbank Fell</a> in England, leading to the establishment of the Religious Society of Friends (<a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_3"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1652&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Faubourg_St_Antoine" title="Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine">Battle of the Faubourg St Antoine</a> is fought east of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> between French Parliamentarians (led by <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Grand_Cond%C3%A9" title="Louis, Grand Condé">Louis, Grand Condé</a>) against the army of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne,_Viscount_of_Turenne" title="Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne">the Viscount of Turenne</a>, with neither side prevailing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_France#Bourbon_France" title="List of massacres in France">A mob kills 150 people</a>, including judges, in the massacre at the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville, Paris</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1652_Articles_of_Peace_and_Friendship" title="1652 Articles of Peace and Friendship">1652 Articles of Peace and Friendship</a> are signed between the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">Province of Maryland</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Susquehannock" title="Susquehannock">Conestoga Indians</a>, ceding most of the land around the Chesapeake Bay to the English colonists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a> begins formally as the English Commonwealth declares war against the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – The "Great Fire of Glasgow" destroys one-third of the Scottish city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plymouth" title="Battle of Plymouth">Battle of Plymouth</a> – A fleet from the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> attacks an outward-bound convoy of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>, escorted by 23 men-of-war and six fire ships, commanded by Vice-Commodore <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a>; the Dutch escape.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Guo_Huaiyi_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Guo Huaiyi Rebellion">Guo Huaiyi Rebellion</a>, a peasant revolt on the island of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a> against colonial rule in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Dutch Formosa</a>, is suppressed after four days.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_3"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1652&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Oulu_(1651)" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Fire of Oulu (1651)">Great Fire of Oulu</a> destroys almost all of the houses of the town’s <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a>, the provision warehouses and the <a href="/wiki/Drawbridge" title="Drawbridge">drawbridge</a> of <a href="/wiki/Oulu_Castle" title="Oulu Castle">Oulu Castle</a>, in the town of <a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Kentish_Knock" title="Battle of the Kentish Knock">Battle of the Kentish Knock</a> – In a battle fought near the shoal called the Kentish Knock in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, about 30 km (19 mi) from the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a>, the Dutch are forced to withdraw.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – The Netherlands takes control of the English Channel after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dungeness" title="Battle of Dungeness">Battle of Dungeness</a> ends in a Dutch victory over the English Royal Navy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>: Defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dungeness" title="Battle of Dungeness">Battle of Dungeness</a> causes the Commonwealth of England to reform its navy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1653">1653</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1653&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_4"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – By the <a href="/wiki/Coonan_Cross_Oath" title="Coonan Cross Oath">Coonan Cross Oath</a>, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January" title="January">January</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss Peasant War</a> begins after magistrates meeting at <a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a> refuse to hear from a group of peasants who have been financially hurt by the devaluation of the currency issued from <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> (now <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>) received <a href="/wiki/Town_privileges" title="Town privileges">municipal rights</a> by a charter from <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> Governor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> from exile.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war of 1653</a>: Peasants from the Entlebuch valley in Switzerland assemble at Heiligkreuz to organize a plan to suspend all tax payments to the authorities in the <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Canton of Lucerne">canton of Lucerne</a>, after having been snubbed at a magisterial meeting in Lucerne. More communities in the canton join in an alliance concluded at <a href="/wiki/Wolhusen" title="Wolhusen">Wolhusen</a> on February 26.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February </a> – The <a href="/wiki/Morning_Star_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Morning Star Rebellion">Morning Star Rebellion</a> (Morgonstjärneupproret) of peasants breaks out in Sweden's province of <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4rke" title="Närke">Närke</a>, against <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Queen Christina</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> It is brutally suppressed by April, and its leader, the self-proclaimed King Olof Mårtensson (who uses a <a href="/wiki/Morning_star_(weapon)" title="Morning star (weapon)">morning star</a> as his <a href="/wiki/Scepter" class="mw-redirect" title="Scepter">scepter</a>) is executed on a <a href="/wiki/Breaking_wheel" title="Breaking wheel">breaking wheel</a> on April 6.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – A Dutch fleet defeats the English in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leghorn" title="Battle of Leghorn">Battle of Leghorn</a> in the Mediterranean but the Dutch commander, <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Galen" title="Johan van Galen">Johan van Galen</a>, later dies of his wounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_4"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> expels the <a href="/wiki/Rump_Parliament" title="Rump Parliament">Rump Parliament</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Marlborough,_Wiltshire#History" title="Marlborough, Wiltshire">Great Fire of Marlborough</a> destroys 224 houses and much of the textile businesses in the Wiltshire town which, "at that date was one of considerable importance, and had merchants of affluence and repute."<a href="#cite_note-Fires-23">[23]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV</a>, already the King of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia, is elected <a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Romans" title="King of the Romans">King of the Romans</a> by his fellow German monarchs, making him eligible to succeed his father <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a> as <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>. Ferdinand IV will not live to become Holy Roman Emperor, instead dying from smallpox 14 months after his designation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>: The English navy defeats the Dutch fleet in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gabbard" title="Battle of the Gabbard">Battle of the Gabbard</a> after a two-day fight.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Swiss_peasant_war_of_1653" title="Swiss peasant war of 1653">Swiss peasant war of 1653</a> ends after Swiss Army troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Peregrin_Zwyer" title="Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer">Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer</a> suppress the last rebels in Switzerland's Entlebuch Valley.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_4"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barebone%27s_Parliament" title="Barebone's Parliament">Barebone's Parliament</a>, named for a prominent Puritan member, <a href="/wiki/Praise-God_Barebone" title="Praise-God Barebone">Praise-God Barebone</a>, opens its session in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> with elected representatives to pass laws for the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Thurloe" title="John Thurloe">John Thurloe</a> becomes Cromwell's head of intelligence.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg</a> reaffirms the nobility's freedom from taxation, and its unlimited control over the peasants, in return for a grant to him of 530,000 silver <a href="/wiki/Thaler#Joachimsthaler" title="Thaler">Joachimsthalers</a> to be paid in installments over six years.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – The petite post, a system of postage using prepaid labels and <a href="/wiki/Post_box" title="Post box">post boxes</a>, is inaugurated in Paris by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Renouard_de_Villayer" title="Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer">Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer</a> for the mailing of letters within the city, an event noted by <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Madeleine de Scudéry">Madeleine de Scudéry</a> in her manuscript Chroniques du samedi.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Scheveningen" title="Battle of Scheveningen">Battle of Scheveningen</a>, the final naval battle of the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>, ends after three days of fighting off the island of <a href="/wiki/Texel" title="Texel">Texel</a>, as the English Navy gains a tactical victory over the Dutch fleet.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – A violent storm off the west coast of Scotland sinks the English Navy warship <a href="/wiki/English_ship_Swan_(1641)" title="English ship Swan (1641)">Swan</a>, and the commandeered merchantmen Speedwell and Martha and Margaret, all of which have been anchored off of Mull. Most of the crews had gone ashore, but 23 of the men on the ship Speedwell are killed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – In India, the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_sieges_of_Kandahar_(1649%E2%80%931653)#Third_siege" title="Mughal sieges of Kandahar (1649–1653)">third and final attempt</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, to recapture the city of <a href="/wiki/Kandahar" title="Kandahar">Kandahar</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Safavid Empire">Safavid Empire</a>, ends in failure after almost six months despite the presence of 70,000 Mughal soldiers under the command of Prince <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shukoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dara Shukoh">Dara Shukoh</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_4"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> (October 1 O.S.) – The <a href="/wiki/Zemsky_Sobor" title="Zemsky Sobor">Zemsky Sobor</a>, the Russian Empire's national assembly, opens its session to declare <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">a war against the Kingdom of Poland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bordeaux_(1653)" title="Battle of Bordeaux (1653)">Battle of Bordeaux</a> is fought between French and Spanish warships in the <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a> of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War</a>. The Spanish fleet of 30 warships, under the command of <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Santa_Cruz_(1569)#Marquesses_of_Santa_Cruz_(1569)" title="Marquess of Santa Cruz (1569)">Álvaro de Bazán y Manrique de Lara</a>, Marquis of Santa Cruz, overwhelms the French fleet of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="César, Duke of Vendôme">César, Duke of Vendôme</a> and captures ten galleys and brigantines, as well as burning four other warships and 15 barges.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erdeni_Bumba" title="Erdeni Bumba">Erdeni Bumba</a>, the wife and chief consort of China's <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzhi Emperor</a>, is demoted from being the empress to being a <a href="/wiki/Concubinage" title="Concubinage">concubine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson" title="Pierre-Esprit Radisson">Pierre-Esprit Radisson</a>, a French Canadian teenager who had been captured by a <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a> raiding party two years earlier and then tortured, escapes captivity in what is now the U.S. state of New York.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arronches" title="Battle of Arronches">Battle of Arronches</a> takes place near the town of <a href="/wiki/Arronches" title="Arronches">Arronches</a> on the Portuguese side of the border between <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, with the Portuguese Army outflanking and defeating a larger Spanish force.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Krishnanattam" title="Krishnanattam">Krishnanattam</a>, a series of eight dance dramas written by <a href="/wiki/Manaveda" title="Manaveda">Mana Veda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut</a> in India to tell the epic of the <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> god <a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a>, is completed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dyel_du_Parquet" title="Jacques Dyel du Parquet">Jacques Dyel du Parquet</a> completes his installment payments, totaling 41,500 <a href="/wiki/French_livre" title="French livre">French livres</a>, to become the exclusive owner of the Caribbean islands of <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Grenadines" title="Grenadines">Grenadines</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November" title="November">November</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Casor" title="John Casor">John Casor</a>, a servant of African descent in Northampton County of the colony of Virginia, leaves <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnson_(colonist)" title="Anthony Johnson (colonist)">Anthony Johnson</a>'s farm, after claiming his contract of indenture had expired, and goes to work for a new employer, Robert Parker. Johnson sues Parker, claiming that Casor is a slave for life, rather than an indentured servant, and the court issues a landmark ruling on March 8, 1655, establishing African-Americans as property.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Moti_Masjid_(Agra_Fort)" title="Moti Masjid (Agra Fort)">Moti Masjid</a>, an Islamic mosque made completely of white marble and within the walls of the <a href="/wiki/Agra_Fort" title="Agra Fort">Agra Fort</a> in what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, is dedicated by the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> Emperor, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, on 16 Muharram 1064.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – The dissolution of <a href="/wiki/Barebone%27s_Parliament" title="Barebone's Parliament">Barebone's Parliament</a> is voted by its members after having passed laws for the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Government" title="Instrument of Government">Instrument of Government</a> in England becomes Britain's first written constitution, under which <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector#Cromwellian_Commonwealth" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> of England, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Pocket_On_This_Day-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> being advised by a remodelled <a href="/wiki/English_Council_of_State" title="English Council of State">English Council of State</a>. This is the start of <a href="/wiki/The_Protectorate#First_Protectorate" title="The Protectorate">The First Protectorate</a>, bringing an end to the first period of republican government in the country, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_3"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1653&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Malpighi" title="Marcello Malpighi">Marcello Malpighi</a>, an Italian pioneer of microscopical anatomy becomes a doctor of medicine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bachiler" title="Stephen Bachiler">Stephen Bachiler</a>, a clergyman and early advocate for the separation of church and state returns to England after having spent more than 20 years overseas in the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a>.</li> <li>The gardens surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> mausoleum are completed at <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1654">1654</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1654&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1654&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_5"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1654&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – In <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Jaswant Singh of Marwar">Jaswant Singh of Marwar</a> (in the modern-day state of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a>) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arauco_War" title="Arauco War">Arauco War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_R%C3%ADo_Bueno_(1654)" title="Battle of Río Bueno (1654)">Battle of Río Bueno</a> in southern <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>: Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Huilliche_people" title="Huilliche people">Huilliche</a> warriors rout Spanish troops from <a href="/wiki/Nacimiento,_Chile" title="Nacimiento, Chile">Fort Nacimiento</a>, who are attempting to cross the <a href="/wiki/Bueno_River" title="Bueno River">Bueno River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> <a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Recife_(1652%E2%80%931654)" title="Recapture of Recife (1652–1654)">recaptures the South American city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Recife" title="Recife">Recife</a> from the Netherlands after a siege of more than two years during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch-Portuguese_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch-Portuguese War">Dutch-Portuguese War</a>, bringing an end to Dutch rule of what is now <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> has held the city (which they call Mauritsstad) for more than 23 years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – Spanish troops led by Don Gabriel de Rojas y Figueroa succeed in the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fort_Rocher" title="Capture of Fort Rocher">capture of Fort Rocher</a>, a pirate-controlled base on the Caribbean island of <a href="/wiki/Tortuga_(Haiti)" title="Tortuga (Haiti)">Tortuga</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tullich" title="Battle of Tullich">Battle of Tullich</a> takes place in <a href="/wiki/Aberdeenshire" title="Aberdeenshire">Aberdeenshire</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> during <a href="/wiki/Glencairn%27s_rising" title="Glencairn's rising">Glencairn's rising</a>, a revolt by Scottish royalists against the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland">Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland</a> led by Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>. The battle is indecisive.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pereyaslav" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Pereyaslav">Treaty of Pereyaslav</a> is concluded in the city of Pereyaslav during a meeting between the <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Host</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Tsar Alexey I of Russia</a> following the end to the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> in Ukraine, which started in <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a> and has resulted in the massacre of many thousands of Jews.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_5"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1654&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westminster_(1654)" title="Treaty of Westminster (1654)">Treaty of Westminster</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Dutch_War" title="First Anglo-Dutch War">First Anglo-Dutch War</a>, is signed.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology266-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – A <a href="/wiki/1654_Anglo-Swedish_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="1654 Anglo-Swedish alliance">commercial treaty</a> between <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> is signed.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology266-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology266-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cromwell%27s_Act_of_Grace" title="Cromwell's Act of Grace">Cromwell's Act of Grace</a>, officially the Act of Pardon and Grace to the People of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, is proclaimed at the <a href="/wiki/Mercat_Cross,_Edinburgh" title="Mercat Cross, Edinburgh">Mercat Cross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_von_Guericke" title="Otto von Guericke">Otto von Guericke</a> demonstrates the power of <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">atmospheric pressure</a> and the effectiveness of his <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_pump" title="Vacuum pump">vacuum pump</a>, using the <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_hemispheres" title="Magdeburg hemispheres">Magdeburg hemispheres</a>, before <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> is crowned at <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> (June 6 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Style">Old Style</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav</a> succeeds his cousin <a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Christina of Sweden">Christina</a> on the Swedish throne. After her abdication on the same day, Christina, now the former reigning queen of a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> nation, secretly converts to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_5"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1654&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – The Russian Army camps outside <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Thirteen Years' War</a> starts between Russia and Poland over <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vowell" title="Peter Vowell">Peter Vowell</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Gerard_(Royalist)" title="John Gerard (Royalist)">John Gerard</a> are executed in London for plotting to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>.</li> <li>Don Pantaleon, brother of the Portuguese ambassador to England, is executed after the death of an innocent man following a fracas at the exchange in <a href="/wiki/Exeter" title="Exeter">Exeter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shklow_(1654)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Shklow (1654)">Battle of Shklow</a>, one of the first clashes of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War</a>, takes place at the modern-day Belarusan town of <a href="/wiki/Shklow" title="Shklow">Škłoŭ</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_August_12,_1654" title="Solar eclipse of August 12, 1654">total eclipse of the Sun</a> visible over Eastern Europe. The Russian troops retreat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> launches the <a href="/wiki/Western_Design" title="Western Design">Western Design</a> with the appointment of Admiral William Penn to prepare for a fleet to leave on Christmas Day<a href="#cite_note-Lay-33">[33]</a> for an English expedition to the Caribbean to counter Spanish commercial interests, effectively beginning the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> (which will last until after the <a href="/wiki/English_Restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="English Restoration">English Restoration</a> in <a href="/wiki/1660" title="1660">1660</a>).<a href="#cite_note-CBH1654-34">[34]</a> The fleet leaves <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> in late December.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jewish_arrival_in_New_Amsterdam" title="Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam">Jewish arrival in New Amsterdam</a>: 23 <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_law_and_customs" title="Sephardic law and customs">Sephardic</a> Jews arrive as refugees from Brazil and settle in <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, forming the nucleus of what will be the second largest urban Jewish community in history, that of New York City,<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel" title="Congregation Shearith Israel">Congregation Shearith Israel</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – Russia routs the Polish Army in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shepeleviche" title="Battle of Shepeleviche">Battle of Shepeleviche</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – In England, the <a href="/wiki/First_Protectorate_Parliament" title="First Protectorate Parliament">First Protectorate Parliament</a> assembles.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology266-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of 120 members of Parliament who are hostile to him.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a> falls to the Russian Army after almost three months.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October_–December"> October –December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1654&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October –December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Delft_Explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Delft Explosion">Delft Explosion</a>, in the arsenal, devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100, among whom is <a href="/wiki/Carel_Fabritius" title="Carel Fabritius">Carel Fabritius</a> (32), the most promising student of <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Maria,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria">Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria</a>, is crowned. His <a href="/wiki/Absolutism_(European_history)" title="Absolutism (European history)">absolutist</a> style of leadership becomes a benchmark for the rest of Germany.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – French mathematician, scientist and religious philosopher <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a> experiences an intense mystical vision that marks him for life.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Petty" title="William Petty">William Petty</a> wins the contract from the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> to make a survey of <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Atouguia#List_of_the_Counts_of_Atouguia_(1448)" title="Count of Atouguia">Jerónimo de Ataíde</a>, Count of Atouguia, becomes Portugal's new <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Brazil" title="List of governors-general of Brazil">Governor-General of Brazil</a>, succeeding <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Rodrigues_de_Vasconcelos_e_Sousa,_2nd_Count_of_Castelo_Melhor" title="João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 2nd Count of Castelo Melhor">João Rodrigues de Vasconcelos e Sousa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – An English Navy fleet of 17 warships and 20 transports, carrying 325 cannons, 1,145 seamen, and 1,830 troops, under the command of Admiral <a href="/wiki/William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Penn (Royal Navy officer)">William Penn</a> departs from Portsmouth to begin <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>'s planned <a href="/wiki/Western_Design" title="Western Design">surprise attack on Spain's colonies in the New World</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1655">1655</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1655&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_6"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sai" title="Emperor Go-Sai">Emperor Go-Sai</a> ascends to the throne of <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a>, dies after more than 10 years of rule.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a> launch coordinated attacks against the Spanish in Chile, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1655" title="Mapuche uprising of 1655">Mapuche uprising of 1655</a>.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – Dutch Grand Pensionary advisor <a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Witt" title="Johan de Witt">Johan de Witt</a> marries Wendela Bicker.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Casor" title="John Casor">John Casor</a> becomes the first legally recognized slave in what will become the United States, as a court in Northampton County in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> issues its decision in the <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Johnson_(colonist)#Casor_lawsuit" title="Anthony Johnson (colonist)">Casor lawsuit</a>, the first instance of a judicial determination in the Thirteen Colonies holding that a person who has committed no crime could be held in servitude for life.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>'s largest moon, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, is discovered by <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_6"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> – Battle of <a href="/wiki/Ghar_al_Milh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghar al Milh">Porto Farina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>: English admiral <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a>'s fleet defeats the <a href="/wiki/Barbary_Coast" title="Barbary Coast">Barbary</a> pirates.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> (born Fabio Chigi) succeeds <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a>, as the 237th <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">pope</a>.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Easter" title="Piedmontese Easter">Piedmontese Easter</a> Massacre of the <a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_II,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy">Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy</a> slaughters 1,500 men, women and children; this is memorialized in <a href="/wiki/John_Milton" title="John Milton">John Milton</a>'s sonnet "<a href="/wiki/On_the_Late_Massacre_in_Piedmont" title="On the Late Massacre in Piedmont">On the Late Massacre in Piedmont</a>" and apologized for by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> in <a href="/wiki/2015" title="2015">2015</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> denies <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>'s request to exclude Jews from <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>).<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Admiral Blake</a> severely damages the arsenal of the <a href="/wiki/Bey" title="Bey">Bey</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a>–<a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%931660)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660)">Anglo-Spanish War</a>: <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Jamaica" title="Invasion of Jamaica">Invasion of Jamaica</a> – Forces of the English Protectorate led by <a href="/wiki/William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="William Penn (Royal Navy officer)">William Penn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Venables" title="Robert Venables">Robert Venables</a> capture the island of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_13" title="June 13">June 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Nozeman" title="Ariana Nozeman">Adriana Nooseman-van de Bergh</a> becomes the first actress, in <a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Van_Campen" title="Theatre of Van Campen">Amsterdam theater</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_6"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – The Amsterdam Town Hall (the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Royal_Palace_of_Amsterdam" title="Royal Palace of Amsterdam">Royal Palace</a>) is inaugurated.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> <ul><li>The Jews in <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> petition for a separate Jewish cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></li> <li>The Netherlands and <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a> sign a military treaty.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – Dutch troops capture Fort Assahudi Seram.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Russo-Polish War (1654–67)</a>: The Russian army enters the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania">Grand Duchy of Lithuania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, which it holds for 6 years.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> divides England into 11 districts, under major-generals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> bar colonial Jews from military service.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – The governor of <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>, attacks the <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>) colony.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Swedish King <a href="/wiki/Karl_X_Gustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl X Gustav">Karl X Gustav</a> occupies <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> (Poland).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> recaptures the Dutch Fory Casimir, and defeats the <a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">New Sweden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>) colony.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October_–December_2"> October –December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October –December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – The Jews of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> are massacred.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – Swedish King <a href="/wiki/Karl_X_Gustav" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl X Gustav">Karl X Gustav</a> occupies <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> (Poland).<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – England and France sign military and economic treaties.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – English Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> announces measures against the <a href="/wiki/Laudianism" title="Laudianism">Laudian party</a>, which are enforced starting on January 1.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – Middelburg, the Netherlands forbids the building of a <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Conference" title="Whitehall Conference">Whitehall Conference</a> ends with the determination that there is no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion of 1290.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>/the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a>: Monks at the <a href="/wiki/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Monastery" title="Jasna Góra Monastery">Jasna Góra Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a> are successful in fending off a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jasna_G%C3%B3ra" title="Siege of Jasna Góra">month-long siege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_4"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1655&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Farffler" title="Stephan Farffler">Stephan Farffler</a>, a 22-year-old <a href="/wiki/Paraplegia" title="Paraplegia">paraplegic</a> watchmaker, builds the world's first self-propelling chair on a three-wheel chassis using a system of <a href="/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)" title="Crank (mechanism)">cranks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gear" title="Gear">cogwheels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bellis-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koerth-Baker-58">[58]</a> However, the device has the appearance of a hand bike more than a <a href="/wiki/Wheelchair" title="Wheelchair">wheelchair</a> since the design includes hand cranks mounted at the front wheel.<a href="#cite_note-History_of_Wheelchairs-59">[59]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University_Library" title="Leiden University Library">Bibliotheca Thysiana</a> is erected,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> the only surviving 17th century example in the Netherlands, of a building designed as a library.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1655_Malta_plague_outbreak" title="1655 Malta plague outbreak">1655 Malta plague outbreak</a> kills 20 people.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III of Denmark-Norway</a> gives control of the <a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a> to <a href="/wiki/Christoffer_Gabel" title="Christoffer Gabel">Christoffer Gabel</a> and his son, which will last until 1709.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1656">1656</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1656&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_7"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Villmergen" title="First War of Villmergen">First War of Villmergen</a>, a civil war in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Swiss_Confederacy" title="Old Swiss Confederacy">Confederation of Switzerland</a> pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Swiss_canton" class="mw-redirect" title="Swiss canton">cantons</a> against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The Lutheran cantons of the larger cities of Zurich, Bern and Schaffhausen battle against seven Catholic cantons of Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri, Zug, Baden Unterwalden (now Obwalden and Nidwalden) and St. Gallen.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg_(1656)" title="Treaty of Königsberg (1656)">Treaty of Königsberg</a> is signed, establishing an alliance between <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – The first Jewish doctor in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> of America, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Lumbrozo" title="Jacob Lumbrozo">Jacob Lumbrozo</a>, arrives in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – Reinforced by soldiers dispatched by the <a href="/wiki/Viceroy_of_Peru" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Peru">Viceroy of Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Chile" title="Colonial Chile">Spanish Chilean</a> troops defeat the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Mapuche" title="Mapuche">Mapuche</a> warriors in a battle at <a href="/wiki/San_Fabi%C3%A1n_de_Conuco" title="San Fabián de Conuco">San Fabián de Conuco</a> in what is now central Chile, turning the tide in the Spanish colonists favor in the <a href="/wiki/Mapuche_uprising_of_1655" title="Mapuche uprising of 1655">Mapuche uprising</a> after more than a year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> (February 8 O.S.) – Swedish Empire troops led by <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav" title="Charles X Gustav">King Carl X Gustav</a> defeat troops of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Czarniecki" title="Stefan Czarniecki">Stefan Czarniecki</a> in the first major engagement of the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Swedish Deluge</a>, meeting in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Golab" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Golab">Battle of Golab</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_London" title="Lord Mayor of London">Lord Mayor</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Packe_(politician)" title="Christopher Packe (politician)">Christopher Packe</a> suggests to <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> and chief executive of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland">Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland</a>, that the monarchy should be restored with Cromwell as its King. Cromwell declines to become King Oliver, but his right to name his successor becomes effective on May 25, 1657 with the commencement of the <a href="/wiki/Humble_Petition_and_Advice" title="Humble Petition and Advice">Humble Petition and Advice</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – A rebellion of Turkish soldiers, leading to the "<a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar_incident" title="Çınar incident">Çınar incident</a>", takes place after a palace guard for Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmet_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmet IV">Mehmet IV</a> turns away a representative group who had come for payment for their services during the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">war in Crete</a>. The rebellion ends with the mass killing 30 men identified by the rebels as being responsible for the non-payment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fyodor_Baykov" title="Fyodor Baykov">Fyodor Baykov</a>, the Russian Empire's first envoy to China, is admitted to the <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_City" title="Forbidden City">Forbidden City</a> within <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, after being sent by <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Tsar Alexis</a> to negotiate a trade agreement with the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shunzhi_Emperor" title="Shunzhi Emperor">Shunzi</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – The "<a href="/wiki/%C3%87%C4%B1nar_incident" title="Çınar incident">Çınar incident</a>", named for the Turkish word for the <a href="/wiki/Acer_pseudoplatanus" title="Acer pseudoplatanus">sycamore tree</a> takes place after Ottoman Sultan Mehmet IV declines the request of soldiers to have 30 named government officials put to death. When Mehmet agrees only to dismiss the people from office, the rebels seek out the men on the list and publicly hang most of them from the cinar trees.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zurnazen_Mustafa_Pasha" title="Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha">Zurnazen Mustafa Pasha</a> is appointed as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire after persuading Mehmet IV to rescind the February 28 selection of <a href="/wiki/Gazi_H%C3%BCseyin_Pasha" title="Gazi Hüseyin Pasha">Gazi Hüseyin Pasha</a>. Zurnazen Mustafa's rule lasts only four hours and he is sent into exile the same day.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/First_War_of_Villmergen" title="First War of Villmergen">First War of Villmergen</a> in the Confederation of <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> ends with a peace agreement, mediated by France and the Duchy of Savoy, between the Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – Almost a month after their defeat by Sweden at the battle of Golab, Polish and Lithuanian troops commanded by <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Czarniecki" title="Stefan Czarniecki">Stefan Czarniecki</a> defeat King Karl X Gustav's Swedish Army at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jaros%C5%82aw_(1656)" title="Battle of Jarosław (1656)">Battle of Jaroslaw</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> issues a decree ending the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Rites_controversy" title="Chinese Rites controversy">Chinese Rites controversy</a> between Jesuit missionaries (who tolerate the rites as compatible with Catholicism) and Dominican and Franciscan missionaries (who consider the Chinese rituals incompatible). The Pope rules that practices ""favorable to Chinese customs", including Confucianism and ancestor worship, can be accepted as compatible with Catholic rites.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_7"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Poland">King of Poland</a>, crowns the <a href="/wiki/Black_Madonna_of_Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Black Madonna of Częstochowa">Black Madonna of Częstochowa</a> as Queen and Protector of Poland in the cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów">Lwów</a>, after the miraculous saving of the <a href="/wiki/Jasna_G%C3%B3ra_Monastery" title="Jasna Góra Monastery">Jasna Góra Monastery</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a>, an event which changed the course of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>. The King swears a vow, the <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Oath" title="Lwów Oath">Lwów Oath</a>, pledging to protect Poland's people from being conquered again.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brussels_(1656)" title="Treaty of Brussels (1656)">Treaty of Brussels</a> is signed, creating an alliance between <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a> and the exiled Royalists of the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> ship <a href="/wiki/Vergulde_Draeck" title="Vergulde Draeck">Vergulde Draeck</a>, with 193 crew aboard and a valuable cargo is wrecked off <a href="/wiki/Ledge_Point,_Western_Australia" title="Ledge Point, Western Australia">Ledge Point, Western Australia</a>, with the loss of 118 members. Another 75 make it to shore, with limited provisions. The ship had been bound from the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">Cape of Good Hope</a> to <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now Jakarta in Indonesia).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – Nine days after the wreck of the Vergulde Draeck, a steersman and six crew members are dispatched to Batavia to get help. The other 68 survivors remain at Ledge Point and await rescue but are not seen again.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – The Dutch capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Colombo" title="Colombo">Colombo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, marking the start of Netherlands colonial rule of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Dutch Ceylon</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – In elections by the nobility of Venice for the <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Leader of the Venetian Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cornaro_(Doge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Cornaro (Doge)">Francesco Cornaro</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Bertuccio_Valier" title="Bertuccio Valier">Bertuccio Valier</a>. Cornaro dies less than three weeks later, on June 5.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertuccio_Valier" title="Bertuccio Valier">Bertuccio Valier</a> is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Doge_of_Venice" title="Doge of Venice">Doge of the Venetian Republic</a> in Venice.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – After a 41-day voyage, the seven-member team dispatched from the Vergulde Draeck reaches Batavia and alerts Dutch East India Company officials that the ship was wrecked on April 28. Two rescue ships, the Goede Hoop and the Witte Valck are sent to rescue the men marooned in Western Australia. By the time the Goede Hoop arrives, the crew find no sign of the wreckage of the Vergulde Draeck.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – Poland's capital, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, is recaptured by Poland's <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a> 11 months after the capital had fallen on July 25, 1655 to Sweden.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – The Navy of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> suffers a major defeat after two days of fighting against the navies of the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Venetian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Venetian Navy">Venice</a> and of Malta in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1656)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)">Battle of the Dardanelles</a>, one of the Turkish straits that connects the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. Out of 98 Ottoman Turkish ships under the command of Kenan Pasha, 82 are either captured or destroyed. Venice loses only three of its ships, but its commander, Admiral Lorenzo Marcello, is killed by a direct cannon hit to his flagship.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Marienburg" title="Treaty of Marienburg">Treaty of Marienburg</a> is signed by representatives of Sweden and of Brandenburg and Prussia to create a military alliance during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>. King Karl X Gustav signs for Sweden and the Elector <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Friedrich Wilhelm</a> signs for Brandenburg and Prussia.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_7"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – In an attempt to find survivors of the <a href="/wiki/Vergulde_Draeck" title="Vergulde Draeck">Vergulde Draeck</a>, a search party is sent ashore by the rescue ship Goede Hoop; eleven men from two search parties while in the forests around the wreckage site. No trace of the Vergulde Draeck will be found for more than three centuries, until its wreckage is discovered by skin divers on April 13, 1963.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a> – A Writ of Excommunication is issued against <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Spinoza" title="Baruch Spinoza">Baruch Spinoza</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1656)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1656)">After a battle of three days</a>, Swedish and Brandenburger troops led by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a>, defeat the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and recapture the recently liberated capital.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Ayutthaya_Kingdom" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Ayutthaya Kingdom</a>, comprising most of the territory now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, King <a href="/wiki/Prasat_Thong" title="Prasat Thong">Prasat Thong</a> dies after a reign of more than 25 years. His eldest son, Prince Chao Fa Chai, is crowned as <a href="/wiki/Chai_(king_of_Ayutthaya)" title="Chai (king of Ayutthaya)">King Sanpet VI</a> but Prasat's brother plots the new king's overthrow.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – King Sanpet's uncle, Prince <a href="/wiki/Si_Suthammaracha" title="Si Suthammaracha">Si Suthammaracha</a>, stages a coup d'etat and becomes the new King of Ayutthaya, now Thailand. Suthammaracha appoints another nephew, Prince Narai, as his chief minister and former King Sanpet is executed two days later on August 11. Suthammaracha's reign lasts less than three months.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – In one of the first battles of the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1656%E2%80%931658)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)">Russo-Swedish War</a>, Russian troops <a href="/wiki/Storm_of_Kokenhusen" title="Storm of Kokenhusen">capture the Swedish-controlled city of Kokenhusen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Livonia" title="Swedish Livonia">Swedish Livonia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>). <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Tsar Alexis</a>, ruler of the Russian Empire and the leader of the Russian troops in battle, renames Kokenhausen "Tsarevich-Dmitriev" in honor of his late first-born son. Russia holds the city for more than 30 years before it is ceded back to Sweden. Kokenhusen is now the Latvian town of <a href="/wiki/Koknese" title="Koknese">Koknese</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Butre" title="Treaty of Butre">Treaty of Butre</a> is signed in West Africa by representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Ahanta_people" title="Ahanta people">Ahanta Kingdom</a> and allows the Netherlands to have a protectorate over the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Dutch Gold Coast</a>. The area is now part of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Ghana">Republic of Ghana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCl%C3%BC_Mehmed_Pasha" title="Köprülü Mehmed Pasha">Köprülü Mehmed Pasha</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Grand_Vizier" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_5"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Si_Suthammaracha" title="Si Suthammaracha">Si Suthammaracha</a> of Ayutthaya (now Thailand) is overthrown in a coup d'etat by his nephew and former ally, Prince Narai, 11 weeks after having staged a coup to seize the throne. Narai is crowned as <a href="/wiki/Narai" title="Narai">King Ramathibodi III</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Truce_of_Vilna" title="Truce of Vilna">Truce of Vilna</a> is signed between Russia and the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. In addition to agreeing to a temporary ceasefire in their <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">ongoing war</a>, Tsar <a href="/wiki/Alexis_of_Russia" title="Alexis of Russia">Alexis of Russia</a> agrees to help defend the commonwealth against <a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Sweden's invasion</a> in return for Tsar Alexis being named heir to the thrones of Poland and Lithuania by King <a href="/wiki/John_II_Casimir_Vasa" title="John II Casimir Vasa">John II Casimir Vasa</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ali_Adil_Shah_II" title="Ali Adil Shah II">Ali Adil Shah II</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi dynasty">Sultan of Bijapur</a> (located in what is now India's <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state) upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Adil_Shah,_Sultan_of_Bijapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur">Mohammed Adil Shah</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – At the age of 13, <a href="/wiki/Afonso_VI_of_Portugal" title="Afonso VI of Portugal">Prince Afonso, Duke of Braganza</a> becomes the new <a href="/wiki/King_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Portugal">King of Portugal</a> upon the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">King João IV</a>. Because of his age and a mental disability King Afonso VI's authority is exercised instead by his mother, <a href="/wiki/Luisa_de_Guzm%C3%A1n" title="Luisa de Guzmán">Queen Luisa</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Regent_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Regent of Portugal">Regent</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Labiau" title="Treaty of Labiau">Treaty of Labiau</a> is signed, between <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William,_Elector_of_Brandenburg" title="Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg">Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Vienna_(1656)" title="Treaty of Vienna (1656)">A treaty of alliance</a> is signed between the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Radnot" title="Treaty of Radnot">Treaty of Radnot</a> is signed between Sweden, the Electorate of Brandenburg, Transylvania (now Romania), and two rebels groups within Poland on how to divide the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> in the event of a victory in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – English Quaker <a href="/wiki/James_Nayler" title="James Nayler">James Nayler</a> is convicted of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> but spared the death penalty.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">King Frederick III of Denmark and Norway</a> decrees that loan repayments and payments of interest to lenders will be made on two specific days, May 29 and June 11, each one nicknamed the Fandens fødselsdag or "<a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Birthday" title="Devil's Birthday">Devil's Birthday</a>",</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Pendulum_clock" title="Pendulum clock">pendulum clock</a> is invented by <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a>, so accurate that it only loses 10 seconds per day. Huygens will mention the date in a letter to Ismail Boulliau a year later. <a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Undated"> Undated</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1656&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Undated">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Stockholms_Banco" title="Stockholms Banco">Stockholm Banco</a>, the first bank to issue <a href="/wiki/Banknotes" class="mw-redirect" title="Banknotes">banknotes</a>, is founded in <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</li> <li>The only <a href="/wiki/English_fifty_shilling_coin" title="English fifty shilling coin">English fifty shilling coin</a> is minted.</li> <li>Konoike Zen'amon (son of Konoike Shinroku) founds a baking and money-changing business in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%27_Grammar_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Adams' Grammar School">Adams' Grammar School</a> at <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Shropshire" title="Newport, Shropshire">Newport, Shropshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> is founded by <a href="/wiki/William_Adams_(haberdasher)" title="William Adams (haberdasher)">William Adams</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Stockhausen" title="Samuel Stockhausen">Samuel Stockhausen</a> of the metal mining town of <a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> publishes his Libellus de lithargyrii fumo noxio morbifico, ejusque metallico frequentiori morbo vulgò dicto die Hütten Katze oder Hütten Rauch ("Treatise on the Noxious Fumes of <a href="/wiki/Litharge" title="Litharge">Litharge</a>, Diseases caused by them and Miners' Asthma"), a pioneering study of <a href="/wiki/Occupational_disease" title="Occupational disease">occupational disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1657">1657</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1657&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_8"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miles_Sindercombe" title="Miles Sindercombe">Miles Sindercombe</a> and his group of disaffected <a href="/wiki/Levellers" title="Levellers">Levellers</a> are betrayed in their attempt to assassinate <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> by blowing up the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Whitehall" title="Palace of Whitehall">Palace of Whitehall</a> in London and are arrested.<a href="#cite_note-british-civil-wars_timelines-68">[68]</a></li> <li>January 29 – <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_the_Major-Generals" title="Rule of the Major-Generals">Rule of the Major-Generals</a> (regional military government) in England is abolished.<a href="#cite_note-CBH1657-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Resettlement_of_the_Jews_in_England" title="Resettlement of the Jews in England">Resettlement of the Jews in England</a>: <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> gives <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Fernandez_Carvajal" title="Antonio Fernandez Carvajal">Antonio Fernandez Carvajal</a> the assurance of the right of Jews to remain in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – In England, the <a href="/wiki/Humble_Petition_and_Advice" title="Humble Petition and Advice">Humble Petition and Advice</a> offers Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a> the crown.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Meireki" title="Great Fire of Meireki">Great Fire of Meireki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edo_(Tokyo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Edo (Tokyo)">Edo</a>, Japan, destroys most of the city and damages <a href="/wiki/Edo_Castle" title="Edo Castle">Edo Castle</a>, killing an estimated 100,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)</a>: By the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1657)" title="Treaty of Paris (1657)">Treaty of Paris</a>, France and England form an alliance against Spain;<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology267268-72">[72]</a> England will receive <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_8"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)">Anglo-Spanish War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1657)" title="Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1657)">Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a>: English Admiral <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a> attempts to seize a <a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">Spanish treasure fleet</a>.</li> <li>The Jews of <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> (later New York City) are granted <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, as full citizens.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Cromwell</a> confirms his refusal of the crown of England, preferring the title "<a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a>".<a href="#cite_note-british-civil-wars_timelines-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_III_of_Denmark" title="Frederick III of Denmark">Frederick III of Denmark</a> signs a manifesto, de facto declaring <a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1657%E2%80%9358)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dano-Swedish War (1657–58)">war</a> on <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>.</li> <li>The first eleven <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> settlers arrive in <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a> (later New York City), and are allowed to practice their faith.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_8"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a> – Following his refusal to take the oath of allegiance to <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, English army leader <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a> is ordered to resign his commissions.<a href="#cite_note-british-civil-wars_timelines-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – The ship Les Armes d'Amsterdam arrives at <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>. Among the passengers is Michel Mathieu Brunet dit Lestang (1638–1708), colonist, explorer and co-discoverer of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay,_Wisconsin" title="Green Bay, Wisconsin">Green Bay, Wisconsin</a>, and ancestor of the Brunet, Lestang and Carisse families of North America.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Poland</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Wehlau" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Wehlau">Treaty of Wehlau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coroner%27s_jury" title="Coroner's jury">coroner's jury</a> verdict in the <a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Colony of Maryland">Colony of Maryland</a> are recorded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> becomes ill, allowing his son to take control of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_6"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Raalte" title="Treaty of Raalte">Treaty of Raalte</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III, Prince of Orange</a> is no longer <a href="/wiki/Stadtholder" title="Stadtholder">stadtholder</a> of <a href="/wiki/Overijssel" title="Overijssel">Overijssel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – French troops occupy <a href="/wiki/Fort-Mardyck" title="Fort-Mardyck">Mardyck</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – Brandenburg and Poland sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bromberg" title="Treaty of Bromberg">Treaty of Bromberg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christina,_Queen_of_Sweden" title="Christina, Queen of Sweden">Christina, former Queen regnant of Sweden</a>, has Gian Rinaldo <a href="/wiki/Monaldeschi" title="Monaldeschi">Monaldeschi</a> killed in her presence, at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Remonstrance" title="Flushing Remonstrance">Flushing Remonstrance</a> is signed in <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>, at the site of the future (<a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a>) <a href="/wiki/Flushing_Town_Hall" title="Flushing Town Hall">Flushing Town Hall</a> in New York City.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_5"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1657&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Accademia_del_Cimento" title="Accademia del Cimento">Accademia del Cimento</a> is founded in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, Italy.</li> <li>England's first chocolate house is opened in London<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> and introduction of <a href="/wiki/Tea_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Tea in the United Kingdom">tea in England</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> is introduced to France.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a> writes the first book to be published on <a href="/wiki/Probability_theory" title="Probability theory">probability theory</a>, De ratiociniis in ludo aleae ("On Reasoning in Games of Chance").</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Gryphius" title="Andreas Gryphius">Andreas Gryphius</a>' drama <a href="/wiki/Katharina_von_Georgien" title="Katharina von Georgien">Katharina von Georgien</a> is published in <a href="/wiki/Breslau" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslau">Breslau</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Middleton" title="Thomas Middleton">Thomas Middleton</a>'s tragedy <a href="/wiki/Women_Beware_Women" title="Women Beware Women">Women Beware Women</a> (c. 1623–24) is published posthumously in London.<a href="#cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology267268-72">[72]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1658">1658</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1658&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_9"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sexby" title="Edward Sexby">Edward Sexby</a>, who had plotted against <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, dies in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – The "<a href="/wiki/March_Across_the_Belts" title="March Across the Belts">March Across the Belts</a>" (Tåget över Bält), Sweden's use of winter weather to send troops across the waters of the <a href="/wiki/Danish_straits" title="Danish straits">Danish straits</a> at a time when winter has turned them to ice, begins. Within 17 days, Sweden's King Karl X Gustav leads troops across the ice belts to capture six of Denmark's islands as Swedish territory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, one of the sons of India's Mughal, Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, proclaims himself Emperor after Jahan names Muhi's older brother, <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, as regent, and departs from <a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a> with troops.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – Swedish troops of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a> <a href="/wiki/March_Across_the_Belts" title="March Across the Belts">cross The Great Belt</a> in Denmark, over frozen sea.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> (February 26 <a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">OS</a>) – The peace between <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and Denmark-Norway is concluded in <a href="/wiki/Roskilde" title="Roskilde">Roskilde</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Roskilde" title="Treaty of Roskilde">Treaty of Roskilde</a>, under which Denmark is forced to cede significant territory. This leads to Sweden reaching its territorial height during its time as a <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Empire" title="Swedish Empire">great power</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_9"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – In India, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dharmat" title="Battle of Dharmat">Battle of Dharmat</a> is fought in the modern-day state of <a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a> between rival claimants to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>. Prince Muhi al-Din Muhammad, the son of the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, leads 30,000 men in a triumph over 22,000 troops led by <a href="/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_of_Marwar" title="Jaswant Singh of Marwar">Jaswant Singh of Marwar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ratan_Singh_Rathore" title="Ratan Singh Rathore">Ratan Singh Rathore</a>. Despite heavy losses, with more than 11,000 casualties, Prince Muhi, who has adopted the name <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, continues toward <a href="/wiki/Samugarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Samugarh">Samugarh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> and captures the throne at the end of July.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A5neland" title="Skåneland">Skåneland</a>, a region recently ceded by Denmark to the Swedish Empire, representatives of the nobility of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Blekinge" title="Blekinge">Blekinge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halland" title="Halland">Halland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> gather at the Scanian city of <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> to swear their allegiance to King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles X Gustav of Sweden">Charles X Gustav of Sweden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hydriotaphia,_Urn_Burial" title="Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial">Hydriotaphia, Urn Burial</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_Cyrus" title="The Garden of Cyrus">The Garden of Cyrus</a> are published by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Browne" title="Thomas Browne">Thomas Browne</a> in England.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samugarh" title="Battle of Samugarh">Battle of Samugarh</a> as Indian Mughal regent <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a> makes a last effort to defend the Mughal capital <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VII" title="Pope Alexander VII">Pope Alexander VII</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a> <a href="/wiki/Vicar_apostolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar apostolic">vicar apostolic</a> of <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654%E2%80%9360)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)">Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%9359)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)</a>: In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658)" title="Battle of the Dunes (1658)">Battle of the Dunes</a>, a Spanish force attempting to lift a siege of <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> is defeated by the French and English. England is then given Dunkirk, for its assistance in the victory.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a>–<a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">27</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rio_Nuevo" title="Battle of Rio Nuevo">Battle of Rio Nuevo</a>, part of the Anglo-Spanish War, a Spanish invasion force fails to recapture <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> from the English.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_9"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toru%C5%84_(1658)" title="Siege of Toruń (1658)">Siege of Toruń</a> begins in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> as troops of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> and of Austria seek to recapture the city of <a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a> from a garrison of the Swedish Army. Within six months, the Swedish occupiers surrender.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leopold_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor">Prince Leopold</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a>, son of the late <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III</a>, is elected as the new <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Holy Roman Emperor">Holy Roman Emperor</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – After <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a> completes the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, his son <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> deposes him as ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July" title="July">July</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0arh%C5%ABda" title="Šarhūda">Šarhūda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Manchu</a> fleet annihilates <a href="/wiki/Onufriy_Stepanov" title="Onufriy Stepanov">Onufriy Stepanov</a>'s Russian flotilla, on the <a href="/wiki/Amur_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Amur River">Amur River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – The coronation of Leopold I takes place in <a href="/wiki/Frankfurt" title="Frankfurt">Frankfurt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – Just six months after winning territory from <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a> in war and subsequent treaty, Sweden's King Charles X Gustav declares <a href="/wiki/Dano-Swedish_War_(1658%E2%80%931660)" title="Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660)">a second war against Denmark</a>. By August 11, the King's troops have surrounded Denmark's capital, <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, while the Swedish Navy blocks the harbor to prevent the city from being resupplied, and begins bombardment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – The <a href="/wiki/League_of_the_Rhine" title="League of the Rhine">League of the Rhine</a> (Rheinische Allianz) is formed by 50 German princes whose cities are on the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> river.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> dies and his son <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard</a> assumes his father's position as <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> of England, Scotland and Ireland.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>: In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vilanova" title="Battle of Vilanova">Battle of Vilanova</a>, a Spanish army, having crossed the <a href="/wiki/Minho_(river)" title="Minho (river)">Minho</a>, defeats the Portuguese.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_7"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – The Netherlands enters the Dano-Swedish War to come to the rescue of Denmark, sending a 45-ship fleet from <a href="/wiki/Vlie" title="Vlie">Vlie</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – The 45-ship fleet of the Netherlands arrives at Denmark and begins its counterattack on Sweden's army and navy with three squadrons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Inquisition" title="Mexican Inquisition">Mexican Inquisition</a> carries out the execution, by public burning, of 14 men convicted of homosexuality, while another 109 arrested are either released or given less harsh sentences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> (October 29 old style) – The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sound" title="Battle of the Sound">Battle of the Sound</a> takes place between the navies of the Dutch Republic (with 41 warships) and of Sweden (with 45) at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund" title="Øresund">Øresund</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Strait" title="Strait">strait</a> between Denmark and Sweden's newly-acquired territory, the former Danish island of <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a>. The Dutch Republic is successful at breaking the Swedish Navy's blockade of Copenhagen, and Sweden is forced to retreat, bringing an end to the attempted conquest of Denmark.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – The elaborate funeral of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> of England <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> (who had died on September 3 and was buried at Westminster Abbey two weeks later) is carried out in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>. A little more than two years later (in January 1661), his body will be disinterred and his head severed and placed on a spike.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abaza_Hasan_Pasha" title="Abaza Hasan Pasha">Abaza Hasan Pasha</a>, an Ottoman provincial governor who is attempting to depose the Grand Vizier, wins a battle at the Turkish city of <a href="/wiki/Ilgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilgin">Ilgin</a>, defeating loyalist forces led by Murtaza Pasha. The victory is the last for the rebels. Two months later (February 16, 1659) Abaza Hasan is assassinated after being invited to peace negotiations by the loyalists.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – Representatives of the Russian Empire and the Swedish Empire sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Valiesar" title="Treaty of Valiesar">Treaty of Valiesar</a> at the Valiesar Estate near <a href="/wiki/Narva" title="Narva">Narva</a>, part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. In return for ceasing hostilities between the two empires in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>, Russia is allowed to keep captured territories in <a href="/wiki/Livonia" title="Livonia">Livonia</a> (part of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>) for a term of three years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – Polish and Danish forces defeat a Swedish Army in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolding_(1658)" title="Siege of Kolding (1658)">Battle of Kolding</a> in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toru%C5%84_(1658)" title="Siege of Toruń (1658)">Siege of Toruń</a> ends almost six months after it started, with Poland recapturing the city from Sweden.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_6"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1658&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Portuguese traders are expelled from <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> by Dutch invaders.</li> <li>The Dutch in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a> start to import slaves from India and South-East Asia (later from <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1659">1659</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable relarticle mainarticle selfreference noprint">This section is <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">transcluded</a> from <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a>. (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit">edit</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1659&action=history">history</a>)</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="January–March_10"> January–March</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit&section=T-1" title="Edit section: January–March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lines_of_Elvas" title="Battle of the Lines of Elvas">Battle of the Lines of Elvas</a>, fought near the small city of <a href="/wiki/Elvas" title="Elvas">Elvas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a>, the Spanish Army under the command of <a href="/wiki/Luis_M%C3%A9ndez_de_Haro" title="Luis Méndez de Haro">Luis Méndez de Haro</a> suffers heavy casualties, with over 11,000 of its nearly 16,000 soldiers killed, wounded or taken prisoner; the smaller Portuguese force of 10,500 troops, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_de_Albuquerque_Ribafria" title="André de Albuquerque Ribafria">André de Albuquerque Ribafria</a> (who is killed in the battle) suffers less than 900 casualties.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Corneille" title="Pierre Corneille">Pierre Corneille</a>'s Oedipe premieres in Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – The third and final session of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">Parliament</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland</a> is opened by Lord Protector <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Chute" title="Chaloner Chute">Chaloner Chute</a> as the Speaker of the House of Commons, with 567 members. "<a href="/wiki/Cromwell%27s_Other_House" title="Cromwell's Other House">Cromwell's Other House</a>", which replaces the House of Lords during the last years of the Protectorate, opens on the same day, with Richard Cromwell as its speaker.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanna_De_Grandis" title="Giovanna De Grandis">Giovanna De Grandis</a> is arrested in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and charged with trafficking the lethal <a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tofana" title="Aqua Tofana">Aqua Tofana</a> poison. On February 2, she implicates the mastermind of the poisoners, <a href="/wiki/Gironima_Spana" title="Gironima Spana">Gironima Spana</a>, starting the case of the <a href="/wiki/Spana_Prosecution" title="Spana Prosecution">Spana Prosecution</a> that eventually leads to the arrest and trial of 40 people.<a href="#cite_note-Monson-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Riebeeck" title="Jan van Riebeeck">Jan van Riebeeck</a> produces the first South African wine, at the Cape of Good Hope.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Assault_on_Copenhagen_(1659)" title="Assault on Copenhagen (1659)">Assault on Copenhagen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> forces is beaten back, with heavy losses.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – The first known <a href="/wiki/Cheque" title="Cheque">cheque</a> (400 pounds) is written.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – In exile in the Netherlands while plotting the restoration of the monarchy to England, Scotland and Ireland, <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles, son of the late King Charles I</a> appoints seven royalists (including six from the "<a href="/wiki/Sealed_Knot" title="Sealed Knot">Sealed Knot</a>" group) to a "Great Trust and Commission" to make plans for a post-restoration government. The Great Trust is led by Charles's trusted advisor, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hyde,_1st_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon">Edward Hyde</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – Sir <a href="/wiki/Lislebone_Long" title="Lislebone Long">Lislebone Long</a> is elected as the Speaker of the House of Commons by the <a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">Third Protectorate Parliament</a> after <a href="/wiki/Chaloner_Chute" title="Chaloner Chute">Chaloner Chute</a> becomes seriously ill. Long serves only six days before dying on March 16. Chute remains Speaker but dies on April 14 and is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bampfield" title="Thomas Bampfield">Thomas Bampfield</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – Prince <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, who had been the heir apparent to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> until the overthrow of his father, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>, makes a stand near <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> to fight the armies sent by Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, but loses and is forced to flee.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Danish_Africa_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish Africa Company">Danish Africa Company</a> (Dansk afrikanske kompagni) is chartered to <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Carloff" title="Hendrik Carloff">Hendrik Carloff</a> for the purpose of capturing Africa slaves from the area around Denmark's colony on the <a href="/wiki/Danish_Gold_Coast" title="Danish Gold Coast">Danish Gold Coast</a> for use in the West Indies.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="April–June_10"> April–June</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit&section=T-2" title="Edit section: April–June">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – Under pressure from the English Army in London, which has assembled troops outside of Westminster, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a> of England, Scotland and Ireland, dissolves the <a href="/wiki/Third_Protectorate_Parliament" title="Third Protectorate Parliament">Third Protectorate Parliament</a>, the last for the Commonwealth.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – English Army General <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah_Haynes" title="Hezekiah Haynes">Hezekiah Haynes</a>, joined by officers <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fleetwood" title="Charles Fleetwood">Charles Fleetwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Berry_(major-general)" title="James Berry (major-general)">James Berry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lilburne" title="Robert Lilburne">Robert Lilburne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kelsey" title="Thomas Kelsey">Thomas Kelsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Goffe" title="William Goffe">William Goffe</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Packer_(Major-General)" title="William Packer (Major-General)">William Packer</a>, presents the manifesto A Declaration of the Officers of the Army, advocating that Lord Protector Cromwell step down after restoring the "<a href="/wiki/Rump_Parliament" title="Rump Parliament">Rump Parliament</a>" to administer England. Cromwell restores the parliament rule the next day and decides to step down.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth of England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Concert_of_The_Hague_(1659)" title="Concert of The Hague (1659)">Concert of The Hague</a>, agreeing a common stance on the <a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell" title="Richard Cromwell">Richard Cromwell</a> resigns as English <a href="/wiki/Lord_Protector" title="Lord Protector">Lord Protector</a>, submitting "a letter that may have been dictated to him."<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In the letter, signed by Cromwell in front of Sir Gilbert Pickering and Lord Chief-Justice St. John, "I have perused the Resolve and Declaration, which you were pleased to deliver to me the other Night," and after listing his personal debts to be paid in return for stepping down, "As to that Part of the Resolve, whereby the Committee are to inform themselves, How far I do acquiesce in the Government of this Commonwealth, as it is declared by this Parliament; I trust, my past Carriage hitherto hath manifested my Acquiescence in the Will and Disposition of God; and that I love and value the Peace of this Commonwealth much above my own Concernments: And I desire, that by this, a Measure of my future Deportment may be taken; which, thro' the Assistance of God, shall be such as shall bear the same Witness; having, I hope, in some degree, learned rather to reverence and submit to the Hand of God, than to be unquiet under it: And, as to the late Providences that have fallen out amongst us, however, in respect of the particular Engagements that lay upon me, I could not be active in making a Change in the Government of these Nations, yet through the Goodness of God, I can freely acquiesce in it, being made; and do hold myself obliged."<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The executive government is replaced by the restored Council of State, dominated by Generals John Lambert, Charles Fleetwood and <a href="/wiki/John_Desborough" title="John Desborough">John Desborough</a>. The Council of State is dismissed by the Rump Parliament on October 13 and replaced by the "Committee of Safety" on October 25.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, at one time the heir apparent for the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a>, is betrayed by an Afghan chieftain, Junaid Khan Barozai, who had initially given him refuge from pursuit from the new emperor, Aurangzeb. Turned over to Aurangzeb's men, Dara Shikoh is killed on August 30.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_29" title="June 29">June 29</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konotop_(1659)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Konotop (1659)">Battle of Konotop</a>, fought near the Ukrainian city of <a href="/wiki/Konotop" title="Konotop">Konotop</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%9367)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–67)">Russo-Polish War</a>, Polish Cossack <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vyhovsky" title="Ivan Vyhovsky">Ivan Vyhovsky</a> and his allies defeat the armies of the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Trubetskoy" title="Aleksey Trubetskoy">Aleksey Trubetskoy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="July–September_10"> July–September</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit&section=T-3" title="Edit section: July–September">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – Five women are executed by hanging at Rome after being convicted of murder in the <a href="/wiki/Spana_Prosecution" title="Spana Prosecution">Spana Prosecution</a> by distributing the powerful <a href="/wiki/Aqua_Tofana" title="Aqua Tofana">Aqua Tofana</a> poison, sold primarily to women wishing to get rid of their husbands. Put to death on the same day are <a href="/wiki/Gironima_Spana" title="Gironima Spana">Gironima Spana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanna_De_Grandis" title="Giovanna De Grandis">Giovanna De Grandis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Spinola" title="Maria Spinola">Maria Spinola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graziosa_Farina" title="Graziosa Farina">Graziosa Farina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Crispoldi" title="Laura Crispoldi">Laura Crispoldi</a>, in the public square at the <a href="/wiki/Campo_de%27_Fiori" title="Campo de' Fiori">Campo de' Fiori</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Monson-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – Princess <a href="/wiki/Henriette_Catherine_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Henriette Catherine of Nassau">Henriette Catherine of Nassau</a> marries <a href="/wiki/John_George_II,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dessau" title="John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau">John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dodda_Kempadevaraja" title="Dodda Kempadevaraja">Dodda Kempadevaraja</a> (Devaraja Wodeyar I) becomes the new <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a> (part of modern-day India's <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state) upon the death of his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Kanthirava_Narasaraja_I" title="Kanthirava Narasaraja I">Kanthirava Narasaraja I</a>. He is crowned on August 19.</li> <li>July – <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Huygens" title="Christiaan Huygens">Christiaan Huygens</a>'s important work on astronomy, Systema Saturnium, is published.<a href="#cite_note-Huerta2003-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Booth%27s_Uprising" title="Booth's Uprising">Booth's Uprising</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/George_Booth,_1st_Baron_Delamer" title="George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer">George Booth</a>, begins in the city of <a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a> as 3,000 royalists attempt a revolt against the military government of England. English Army troops begin marching on August 5 to suppress the rebellion.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – As Booth's Uprising spreads to <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Myddelton_(younger)" title="Thomas Myddelton (younger)">Thomas Myddelton</a>, Randolph Egerton and fellow royalists take control of the town of <a href="/wiki/Wrexham" title="Wrexham">Wrexham</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and proclaim <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> to be King.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – Two English warships block the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/River_Dee,_Wales" title="River Dee, Wales">River Dee</a> to prevent supplies from reaching Booth's rebels in Chester, while Major General <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a> of the English Army advances into <a href="/wiki/Cheshire" title="Cheshire">Cheshire</a> at <a href="/wiki/Nantwich" title="Nantwich">Nantwich</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Winnington_Bridge" title="Battle of Winnington Bridge">Battle of Winnington Bridge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">Protectorate Army</a> of 5,000 troops, dispatched by Parliament and under the command of Major General Lambert, routs the 4,000 <a href="/wiki/Booth%27s_Uprising" title="Booth's Uprising">anti-government rebels</a> commanded by George Booth of England and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Broughton_(Royalist)" title="Edward Broughton (Royalist)">Edward Broughton</a> of Wales. Lambert and his forces, exhausted from their rapid march and the battle, elect not to pursue the fleeing rebels and less than 30 rebels are killed.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – Poland's army of over 12,000 troops under the command of <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Sebastian_Lubomirski" title="Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski">Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Grodzicki" title="Krzysztof Grodzicki">Krzysztof Grodzicki</a>, takes back the city of <a href="/wiki/Grudziadz" class="mw-redirect" title="Grudziadz">Grudziadz</a>, which has been under Sweden's control since the end of 1655, after a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grudzi%C4%85dz_(1659)" title="Battle of Grudziądz (1659)">siege of seven days</a>. Much of the town is left in ruins after a fire and bombardment from Polish cannons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – War between <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch settlers</a> and the native <a href="/wiki/Lenape_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenape people">Lenape</a> Indians, of the <a href="/wiki/Esopus_people" title="Esopus people">Esopus</a> tribe, in modern-day <a href="/wiki/Ulster_County,_New_York" title="Ulster County, New York">Ulster County, New York</a>, in the U.S., as a group of Dutch settlers from the village of <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Wiltwijck</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a> fires their guns at a group of Esopus men who have been sitting around a campfire. For the next ten months, the Esopus warriors, commanded by Chief Papequanaehen, fight a war with the Dutch that is finally settled with a peace treaty on July 15, 1660.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – The Ottoman-ruled island of <a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kizilhisar</a> (called Castelrosso by Italy and in modern times the island of Kastellorizo in Greece) is captured from the Ottoman Empire by the navy of the Republic of Venice after nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule that had started in 1512.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> of New Netherland forbids tennis playing during religious services, marking the first mention of tennis in what will become the United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="October–December_8"> October–December</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit&section=T-4" title="Edit section: October–December">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – The English <a href="/wiki/Rump_Parliament" title="Rump Parliament">Rump Parliament</a> dismisses <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a>, and other generals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – General-major <a href="/wiki/John_Lambert_(general)" title="John Lambert (general)">John Lambert</a> drives out the English Rump-government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_the_Pyrenees" title="Treaty of the Pyrenees">Treaty of the Pyrenees</a> is signed by representatives of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV of France</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_Spain" title="Philip IV of Spain">Philip IV of Spain</a>. Spain agrees to French acquisition of the counties of <a href="/wiki/Roussillon" title="Roussillon">Roussillon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Cerdanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Cerdanya">Upper Cerdanya</a> (<a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Catalonia" title="Principality of Catalonia">Principality of Catalonia</a>) and most of <a href="/wiki/Artois" title="Artois">Artois</a>, formally ending the 24-year-long <a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_25" title="November 25">November 25</a> – Dutch forces under <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Ruyter" title="Michiel de Ruyter">Michiel de Ruyter</a> free the Danish city of <a href="/wiki/Nyborg" title="Nyborg">Nyborg</a> from Swedish conquest that had taken place earlier in the year.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – General <a href="/wiki/George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle">George Monck</a> demands free parliamentary elections in Scotland and resolves to overthrow the military government that has ruled the British Isles since 1648.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Long_Parliament" title="Long Parliament">Long Parliament</a> reforms occur in Westminster.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Date_unknown_7"> Date unknown</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1659&action=edit&section=T-5" title="Edit section: Date unknown">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>First British colonists arrive on <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena</a>.</li> <li>Spanish Infanta <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Maria Theresa of Spain">Maria Theresa</a> brings <a href="/wiki/Hot_chocolate" title="Hot chocolate">cocoa</a> to Paris.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez" title="Diego Velázquez">Diego Velázquez</a>'s portrait of Infanta Maria Theresa is first exhibited.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes" title="Thomas Hobbes">Thomas Hobbes</a> publishes De Homine.</li> <li>Parisian police raid a monastery, sending monks to prison for eating meat and drinking wine during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>.</li> <li>Drought occurs in India.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li>Peter Swink, the first known non-white settler to own land in Massachusetts, and first known African to live in Springfield, Massachusetts, arrives. He holds a seat in the town meetings.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>, <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>, <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>, <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>, <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>, <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>, <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>, <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>, <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a></div> 1650 <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_(1659-1722).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg/170px-John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg/255px-John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg/340px-John_Churchill_Marlborough_portr%C3%A4tterad_av_Adriaen_van_der_Werff_%281659-1722%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="392" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:King_William_III_of_England,_(1650-1702).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg/170px-King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg/255px-King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg/340px-King_William_III_of_England%2C_%281650-1702%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1229" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Rooke" title="George Rooke">George Rooke</a>, Royal Navy admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Sophie_Amalie_of_Nassau-Siegen" class="mw-redirect" title="Countess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen">Countess Sophie Amalie of Nassau-Siegen</a>, Duchess consort of Courland (1682-1688) (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nell_Gwyn" title="Nell Gwyn">Nell Gwyn</a>, English actress and royal mistress (d. <a href="/wiki/1687" title="1687">1687</a>)<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne-Jules,_2nd_duc_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles">Anne-Jules, 2nd duc de Noailles</a>, French general (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mar%C3%ADn_de_Poveda,_1st_Marquis_of_Ca%C3%B1ada_Hermosa" title="Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa">Tomás Marín de Poveda, 1st Marquis of Cañada Hermosa</a>, Royal Governor of Chile (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Verkolje" title="Jan Verkolje">Jan Verkolje</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers_(MP_born_1650)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Conyers (MP born 1650)">John Conyers (MP born 1650)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Jonathan_Trelawny,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet">Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet</a>, British bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Cox,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Cox, 1st Baronet</a>, England (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Count_of_Stolberg-Ilsenburg" title="Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg">Ernest, Count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Antonio_Tanara" title="Sebastiano Antonio Tanara">Sebastiano Antonio Tanara</a>, Spanish Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_the_Palatinate-Sulzbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach">Hedwig of the Palatinate-Sulzbach</a>, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1681" title="1681">1681</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Edward_Dering,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet">Sir Edward Dering, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Boselli" title="Felice Boselli">Felice Boselli</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bedloe" title="William Bedloe">William Bedloe</a>, English fraudster and informer (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel">Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Queen Consort of Denmark (1670-1699) (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_HrR_Ridder_de_Graeff" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornelis HrR Ridder de Graeff">Cornelis HrR Ridder de Graeff</a>, Dutch nobleman and chief landholder of the Zijpe and Haze Polder (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Churchill,_1st_Duke_of_Marlborough" title="John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough">John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough</a>, English general (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ogasawara_Nagashige" title="Ogasawara Nagashige">Ogasawara Nagashige</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Alessandro_Guidi" title="Carlo Alessandro Guidi">Carlo Alessandro Guidi</a>, Italian lyric poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sherman_(Massachusetts_Bay_Colony)" title="Joseph Sherman (Massachusetts Bay Colony)">Joseph Sherman (Massachusetts Bay Colony)</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Vasa" title="Maria Anna Vasa">Maria Anna Vasa</a>, Polish princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Casimir_Kettler" title="Frederick Casimir Kettler">Frederick Casimir Kettler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Courland and Semigallia">Duke of Courland and Semigallia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Burkitt" title="William Burkitt">William Burkitt</a>, English biblical expositor, vicar in Dedham (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis_(Devizes_MP)" title="Edward Lewis (Devizes MP)">Edward Lewis (Devizes MP)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Duke_of_Guise" title="Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise">Louis Joseph, Duke of Guise</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1671" title="1671">1671</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Coronelli" title="Vincenzo Coronelli">Vincenzo Coronelli</a>, Franciscan friar, Italian cartographer, encyclopedist (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_27" title="August 27">August 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Philipp,_Reichsgraf_von_Wylich_und_Lottum" title="Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum">Carl Philipp, Reichsgraf von Wylich und Lottum</a>, Prussian field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Sabbatini" title="Ludovico Sabbatini">Ludovico Sabbatini</a>, Italian priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Mar%C3%ADa_de_la_Aurora,_8th_duke_of_Escalona" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Manuel María de la Aurora, 8th duke of Escalona">Juan Manuel María de la Aurora, 8th duke of Escalona</a>, Spanish aristocrat (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_20" title="September 20">September 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Beverland" title="Adrian Beverland">Adrian Beverland</a>, Dutch philosopher and jurist who settled in England (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Collier" title="Jeremy Collier">Jeremy Collier</a>, English theatre critic, non-juror bishop and theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_9" title="October 9">October 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Auguste_Constantin_de_Renneville" title="René Auguste Constantin de Renneville">René Auguste Constantin de Renneville</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Rolfe" title="Jane Rolfe">Jane Rolfe</a>, granddaughter of Pocahontas (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulisse_Giuseppe_Gozzadini" title="Ulisse Giuseppe Gozzadini">Ulisse Giuseppe Gozzadini</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Erskine,_Earl_of_Mar" title="Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar">Charles Erskine, Earl of Mar</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shirley,_1st_Earl_Ferrers" title="Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers">Robert Shirley, 1st Earl Ferrers</a>, English peer and courtier (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bart" title="Jean Bart">Jean Bart</a>, French admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Steven_Blankaart" title="Steven Blankaart">Steven Blankaart</a>, Dutch entomologist (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – King <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_England" title="William III of England">William III of England</a>, Scotland, and Ireland (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(bishop_of_London)" title="John Robinson (bishop of London)">John Robinson</a>, English diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Koerten" title="Joanna Koerten">Joanna Koerten</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walpole_(1650%E2%80%931700)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Walpole (1650–1700)">Robert Walpole (1650–1700)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry,_Duke_of_Saxe-R%C3%B6mhild" title="Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild">Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Oriol" title="Joseph Oriol">Joseph Oriol</a>, Spanish Catholic priest, saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Palfijn" title="Jan Palfijn">Jan Palfijn</a>, Flemish surgeon and obstetrician (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Martinelli" title="Domenico Martinelli">Domenico Martinelli</a>, Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_of_Saxe-Weissenfels_(1650%E2%80%931674)" title="August of Saxe-Weissenfels (1650–1674)">August of Saxe-Weissenfels (1650–1674)</a>, Prince of Saxe-Weissenfels and provost of Magdeburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Mayer_(theologian)" title="Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian)">Johann Friedrich Mayer (theologian)</a>, German Lutheran theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Hastings,_7th_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon">Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hermann,_Count_of_Wartensleben" title="Alexander Hermann, Count of Wartensleben">Alexander Hermann, Count of Wartensleben</a>, Prussian field marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Marsham,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Marsham, 4th Baronet">Sir Robert Marsham, 4th Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Arnold" title="Christoph Arnold">Christoph Arnold</a>, German astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Aveneau" title="Claude Aveneau">Claude Aveneau</a>, French missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Savery" title="Thomas Savery">Thomas Savery</a>, English engineer and inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Anton%C3%ADn_Losy" title="Jan Antonín Losy">Jan Antonín Losy</a>, Czech lutist (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1651 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phips_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phips_portrait.jpg/110px-Phips_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phips_portrait.jpg/165px-Phips_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Phips_portrait.jpg/220px-Phips_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">William Phips</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_(attributed_to)_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg/110px-Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg/165px-Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg/220px-Francisco_Ignacio_Ruiz_de_la_Iglesia_%28attributed_to%29_-_Infanta_Margarita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Margaret Theresa of Spain">Margaret Theresa of Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petronio_Franceschini" title="Petronio Franceschini">Petronio Franceschini</a>, Italian Baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Coddington,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="William Coddington, Jr.">William Coddington, Jr.</a>, Rhode Island colonial governor (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Wolfgang_von_Bodman" title="Johannes Wolfgang von Bodman">Johannes Wolfgang von Bodman</a>, German bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tyson" title="Edward Tyson">Edward Tyson</a>, British scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> or <a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Phips" title="William Phips">William Phips</a>, first royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Procopio_Cut%C3%B2" title="Procopio Cutò">Procopio Cutò</a>, French entrepreneur (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Ralph_Assheton,_2nd_Baronet,_of_Middleton" title="Sir Ralph Assheton, 2nd Baronet, of Middleton">Sir Ralph Assheton, 2nd Baronet, of Middleton</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Scott,_1st_Duchess_of_Buccleuch" title="Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch">Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch</a>, wealthy Scottish peeress (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Silvius_II_Frederick,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Oels" title="Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels">Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Quirinus_Kuhlmann" title="Quirinus Kuhlmann">Quirinus Kuhlmann</a>, German Baroque poet and mystic (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_der_Hulst_(IV)" title="Pieter van der Hulst (IV)">Pieter van der Hulst</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Gimach" title="Carlo Gimach">Carlo Gimach</a>, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">John Somers, 1st Baron Somers</a>, Lord Chancellor of England (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karl_II,_Elector_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl II, Elector Palatine">Karl II, Elector Palatine</a> of Germany (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Paolucci" title="Fabrizio Paolucci">Fabrizio Paolucci</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Dacier" title="André Dacier">André Dacier</a>, French classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ehrenfried_Walther_von_Tschirnhaus" title="Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus">Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus</a>, German mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Archinto" title="Giuseppe Archinto">Giuseppe Archinto</a>, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – Blessed <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vaz" title="Joseph Vaz">Joseph Vaz</a>, Apostle of Ceylon (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_la_Salle" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste de la Salle">Jean-Baptiste de la Salle</a>, French educational reformer (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Gravier" title="Jacques Gravier">Jacques Gravier</a>, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis-Antoine,_Cardinal_de_Noailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles">Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles</a>, French bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Ingen" title="Willem van Ingen">Willem van Ingen</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Edward" title="Alexander Edward">Alexander Edward</a>, Scottish landscape architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Cuervo_y_Vald%C3%A9s" title="Francisco Cuervo y Valdés">Francisco Cuervo y Valdés</a>, Spanish colonial governor (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_VII,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honoratus_a_Sancta_Maria" title="Honoratus a Sancta Maria">Honoratus a Sancta Maria</a>, French Discalced Carmelite (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Theresa_of_Spain" title="Margaret Theresa of Spain">Margaret Theresa of Spain</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1673" title="1673">1673</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Tobias_Richter" title="Ferdinand Tobias Richter">Ferdinand Tobias Richter</a>, Austrian Baroque composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bigot_(Jesuit)" title="Jacques Bigot (Jesuit)">Jacques Bigot (Jesuit)</a>, French Jesuit priest, missionary to the Abenakis in Canada (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_F%C3%A9nelon" title="François Fénelon">François Fénelon</a>, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Cambrai" title="Cambrai">Cambrai</a>, France (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustav_Rehnski%C3%B6ld" title="Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld">Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld</a>, Swedish Field Marshal (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Balthasar_Permoser" title="Balthasar Permoser">Balthasar Permoser</a>, German sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Baert" title="François Baert">François Baert</a>, Jesuit hagiographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nataliya_Kyrillovna_Naryshkina" class="mw-redirect" title="Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina">Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina</a>, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Zubdat-un-Nissa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zubdat-un-Nissa">Zubdat-un-Nissa</a>, Mughal princess, daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Dampier" title="William Dampier">William Dampier</a>, English explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aoyama_Tadao" title="Aoyama Tadao">Aoyama Tadao</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Kaempfer" title="Engelbert Kaempfer">Engelbert Kaempfer</a>, German physician and traveler (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Daniel_Pastorius" title="Francis Daniel Pastorius">Francis Daniel Pastorius</a>, German founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Chapelle" title="Jean de La Chapelle">Jean de La Chapelle</a>, French writer and dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Perizonius" title="Perizonius">Perizonius</a>, Dutch linguist (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert,_Marquis_de_Seignelay" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay">Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" title="Juana Inés de la Cruz">Juana Inés de la Cruz</a>, Mexican nun, writer and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Manuel_Col%C3%B3n_de_Portugal" title="Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal">Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Krieger" title="Johann Krieger">Johann Krieger</a>, German composer and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – Gorgin Khan, Persian Governor of Kandahar (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li></ul> 1652 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SamuelSewall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SamuelSewall.jpg/110px-SamuelSewall.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SamuelSewall.jpg/165px-SamuelSewall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/SamuelSewall.jpg/220px-SamuelSewall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall" title="Samuel Sewall">Samuel Sewall</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Narbonne)_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg/110px-%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg/165px-%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg/220px-%28Narbonne%29_Portrait_de_Liselotte_de_Palatinat_-_Pierre_Mignard_-_Mus%C3%A9e_des_Beaux-Arts_de_Narbonne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6810" data-file-height="7917" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Princess_of_the_Palatinate" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess of the Palatinate">Princess Elisabeth Charlotte</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Gilbert_Heathcote,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet">Sir Gilbert Heathcote, 1st Baronet</a>, Lord Mayor of London (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Chamillart" title="Michel Chamillart">Michel Chamillart</a>, French statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pavao_Ritter_Vitezovi%C4%87" title="Pavao Ritter Vitezović">Pavao Ritter Vitezović</a>, Croatian historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_8" title="January 8">January 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Homberg" title="Wilhelm Homberg">Wilhelm Homberg</a>, Dutch alchemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eugen_Alexander_Franz,_1st_Prince_of_Thurn_and_Taxis" title="Eugen Alexander Franz, 1st Prince of Thurn and Taxis">Eugen Alexander Franz, 1st Prince of Thurn and Taxis</a>, Germany (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Booth,_1st_Earl_of_Warrington" title="Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington">Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper,_2nd_Earl_of_Shaftesbury" title="Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury">Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 2nd Earl of Shaftesbury</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude-Guy_Hall%C3%A9" title="Claude-Guy Hallé">Claude-Guy Hallé</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Pignatelli" title="Francesco Pignatelli">Francesco Pignatelli</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anton_Domenico_Gabbiani" title="Anton Domenico Gabbiani">Anton Domenico Gabbiani</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camille_d%27Hostun,_duc_de_Tallard" title="Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard">Camille d'Hostun, duc de Tallard</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Sabran" title="Louis de Sabran">Louis de Sabran</a>, British theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Otway" title="Thomas Otway">Thomas Otway</a>, English dramatist (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Serpotta" title="Giacomo Serpotta">Giacomo Serpotta</a>, Italian artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Ernesti" title="Johann Heinrich Ernesti">Johann Heinrich Ernesti</a>, German philosopher, theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benedicta_Henrietta_of_the_Palatinate" title="Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate">Benedicta Henrietta of the Palatinate</a>, German princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leon_Bazyli_Sapieha" title="Leon Bazyli Sapieha">Leon Bazyli Sapieha</a>, Polish-Lithuanian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Piers_Butler,_3rd_Viscount_Galmoye" title="Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye">Piers Butler, 3rd Viscount Galmoye</a>, Anglo-Irish nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall" title="Samuel Sewall">Samuel Sewall</a>, English-born Massachusetts judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XII" title="Pope Clement XII">Pope Clement XII</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_F%C3%A8vre_(astronomer)" title="Jean Le Fèvre (astronomer)">Jean Le Fèvre (astronomer)</a>, French astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Ulrich_I,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Oels" title="Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels">Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ward_(author)" title="Thomas Ward (author)">Thomas Ward (author)</a>, English writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rolle" title="Michel Rolle">Michel Rolle</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Sheremetev" title="Boris Sheremetev">Boris Sheremetev</a>, Russian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Foggini" title="Giovanni Battista Foggini">Giovanni Battista Foggini</a>, Italian artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_28" title="April 28">April 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Sibylla_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt">Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, regent and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_King_(Rector_of_Chelsea)" title="John King (Rector of Chelsea)">John King (Rector of Chelsea)</a>, English churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Hinckelmann" title="Abraham Hinckelmann">Abraham Hinckelmann</a>, German Protestant theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Northey_(barrister)" title="Edward Northey (barrister)">Edward Northey (barrister)</a>, British barrister and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_d%27Arco" title="Johann Philipp d'Arco">Johann Philipp d'Arco</a>, Austrian soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_Hesse-Eschwege" title="Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege">Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege</a>, German noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_F%C3%B6rtsch" title="Johann Philipp Förtsch">Johann Philipp Förtsch</a>, German opera composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ichij%C5%8D_Kaneteru" title="Ichijō Kaneteru">Ichijō Kaneteru</a>, Japanese court noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_27" title="May 27">May 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Charlotte,_Princess_Palatine" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine">Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine</a>, wife to Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ferreras" title="Juan Ferreras">Juan Ferreras</a>, Spanish priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Brokoff" title="Jan Brokoff">Jan Brokoff</a>, German sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Western" title="Samuel Western">Samuel Western</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Grubb" title="John Grubb">John Grubb</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wise_(clergyman)" title="John Wise (clergyman)">John Wise (clergyman)</a>, American Christian clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_26" title="August 26">August 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_Marfa_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevna Marfa Alekseyevna of Russia">Tsarevna Marfa Alekseyevna of Russia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Carlo_Gonzaga,_Duke_of_Mantua_and_Montferrat" title="Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat">Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat</a>, only child of Duke Charles II (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Orry" title="Jean Orry">Jean Orry</a>, French economist (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Tsunanari" title="Tokugawa Tsunanari">Tokugawa Tsunanari</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luisa_Rold%C3%A1n" title="Luisa Roldán">Luisa Roldán</a>, Spanish artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Sladk%C3%BD_Kozina" title="Jan Sladký Kozina">Jan Sladký Kozina</a>, Czech revolutionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Winnental" title="Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental">Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Higginson" title="Nathaniel Higginson">Nathaniel Higginson</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Karl, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mortel" title="Jan Mortel">Jan Mortel</a>, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Wyck" title="Jan Wyck">Jan Wyck</a>, Dutch military painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Lowndes_(British_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lowndes (British politician)">William Lowndes</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Rohan" title="Louis, Duke of Rohan">Louis, Duke of Rohan</a>, French noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marc-Ren%C3%A9_de_Voyer_de_Paulmy_d%27Argenson_(1652%E2%80%931721)" title="Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)">Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson (1652–1721)</a>, French politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Marie Anne d'Orléans</a>, French princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ernst_Gl%C3%BCck" title="Johann Ernst Glück">Johann Ernst Glück</a>, German theologian, translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Karolina_of_Legnica-Brieg" title="Karolina of Legnica-Brieg">Karolina of Legnica-Brieg</a>, Silesian noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Quirinus_Rivinus" title="Augustus Quirinus Rivinus">Augustus Quirinus Rivinus</a>, German physician and botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rochfort" title="Robert Rochfort">Robert Rochfort</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg" title="Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg">Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Bradford" title="Samuel Bradford">Samuel Bradford</a>, English churchman, Whig politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Pitcairne" title="Archibald Pitcairne">Archibald Pitcairne</a>, Scottish physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li></ul> 1653 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George,_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/110px-George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/165px-George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg/220px-George%2C_Prince_of_Denmark_by_Michael_Dahl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2989" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">Prince George of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abraham_van_Riebeeck_(1653-1713)._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_(1709-13)_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg/110px-Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg/165px-Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg/220px-Abraham_van_Riebeeck_%281653-1713%29._Gouverneur-generaal_van_Nederlands_Oost_Indi%C3%AB_%281709-13%29_Rijksmuseum_SK-A-811.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2174" data-file-height="2660" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_Riebeeck" title="Abraham van Riebeeck">Abraham van Riebeeck</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Duke_of_Saxe-Eisenberg" title="Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg">Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Herman_Hausmann" title="Caspar Herman Hausmann">Caspar Herman Hausmann</a>, Danish-Norwegian general (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_G%C3%BCnther,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst">Anthony Günther, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Alessandro_Maffei" title="Paolo Alessandro Maffei">Paolo Alessandro Maffei</a>, Italian antiquarian, humanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Price_(judge)" title="Robert Price (judge)">Robert Price (judge)</a>, British judge and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Conrad_Brunner" title="Johann Conrad Brunner">Johann Conrad Brunner</a>, Swiss anatomist (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dom_Jacques_Alexandre" title="Dom Jacques Alexandre">Dom Jacques Alexandre</a>, French Benedictine (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Tempest_(politician)" title="William Tempest (politician)">William Tempest (politician)</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_31" title="January 31">January 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Catherine_of_Nassau-Ottweiler" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler">Anna Catherine of Nassau-Ottweiler</a>, Wild and Rhinegravine of Salm-Dhaun by marriage (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Grossi" title="Giovanni Francesco Grossi">Giovanni Francesco Grossi</a>, Italian opera singer (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Arcangelo Corelli</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Urs%C3%BAa" title="Martín de Ursúa">Martín de Ursúa</a>, Spanish conquistador (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Johanna_of_Veldenz" title="Elisabeth Johanna of Veldenz">Elisabeth Johanna of Veldenz</a>, Wild and Rhinegravine of Salm-Kyrburg (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vidal_Mar%C3%ADn_del_Campo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidal Marín del Campo">Vidal Marín del Campo</a>, Spanish Grand Inquisitor (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste-Henri_de_Valincour" title="Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour">Jean-Baptiste-Henri de Valincour</a>, French classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pacificus_of_San_Severino" title="Pacificus of San Severino">Pacificus of San Severino</a>, Italian saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Goodwin_Wharton" title="Goodwin Wharton">Goodwin Wharton</a>, British politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Kettlewell" title="John Kettlewell">John Kettlewell</a>, English clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Benbow" title="John Benbow">John Benbow</a>, English Royal Navy Admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hampden_(1653%E2%80%931696)" title="John Hampden (1653–1696)">John Hampden (1653–1696)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Sauveur" title="Joseph Sauveur">Joseph Sauveur</a>, French mathematician (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_George_of_Denmark" title="Prince George of Denmark">Prince George of Denmark</a>, consort of <a href="/wiki/Anne,_Queen_of_Great_Britain" title="Anne, Queen of Great Britain">Anne, Queen of Great Britain</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Egidio_Quinto" title="Egidio Quinto">Egidio Quinto</a>, Serbian Catholic bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Louis,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck" title="Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck">Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Sewel" class="mw-redirect" title="William Sewel">William Sewel</a>, Dutch historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Pamphili" title="Benedetto Pamphili">Benedetto Pamphili</a>, Italian cardinal, patron of the arts, composer and librettist (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Bowyer,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Bowyer, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_3" title="May 3">May 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Douglas,_1st_Earl_of_Forfar" title="Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar">Archibald Douglas, 1st Earl of Forfar</a>, Scottish peer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Louis_Hector_de_Villars" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Louis Hector de Villars">Claude Louis Hector de Villars</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Austria,_Queen_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland">Eleanor of Austria, Queen of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Vane,_1st_Baron_Barnard" title="Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard">Christopher Vane, 1st Baron Barnard</a>, English politician and peer (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gott" title="Peter Gott">Peter Gott</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Felicitas_of_Austria" title="Claudia Felicitas of Austria">Claudia Felicitas of Austria</a>, Holy Roman Empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1676" title="1676">1676</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1" title="June 1">June 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Muffat" title="Georg Muffat">Georg Muffat</a>, German composer and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_la_Cerda,_8th_Count_of_Galve" title="Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve">Gaspar de la Cerda, 8th Count of Galve</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Amalia_of_Courland" title="Maria Amalia of Courland">Maria Amalia of Courland</a>, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Bertie,_1st_Earl_of_Abingdon" title="James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon">James Bertie, 1st Earl of Abingdon</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Maitland,_4th_Earl_of_Lauderdale" title="Richard Maitland, 4th Earl of Lauderdale">Richard Maitland, 4th Earl of Lauderdale</a>, Scottish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Hercule_de_Fleury" title="André-Hercule de Fleury">Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus</a>, chief minister of France under <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Azam_Shah" title="Muhammad Azam Shah">Muhammad Azam Shah</a>, Mughal emperor (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Clarges,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Walter Clarges, 1st Baronet">Sir Walter Clarges, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pitt" title="Thomas Pitt">Thomas Pitt</a>, British Governor of Madras (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Good" title="Sarah Good">Sarah Good</a>, accused Massachusetts witch (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Oldham_(poet)" title="John Oldham (poet)">John Oldham</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis-Guillaume_P%C3%A9cour" title="Louis-Guillaume Pécour">Louis-Guillaume Pécour</a>, French dancer and choreographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Monck,_2nd_Duke_of_Albemarle" title="Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle">Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle</a>, English statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Gleditsch" title="Johann Friedrich Gleditsch">Johann Friedrich Gleditsch</a>, German book publisher (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julius_Siegmund,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Juliusburg" title="Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg">Julius Siegmund, Duke of Württemberg-Juliusburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1684" title="1684">1684</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Swedberg" title="Jesper Swedberg">Jesper Swedberg</a>, Swedish hymnwriter (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel" title="Johann Pachelbel">Johann Pachelbel</a>, German organist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_North_(biographer)" title="Roger North (biographer)">Roger North</a>, English lawyer and biographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wise_(gardener)" title="Henry Wise (gardener)">Henry Wise (gardener)</a>, English gardener (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Walter_Yonge,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet">Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fuquan_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuquan (prince)">Fuquan (prince)</a>, Chinese Qing Dynasty prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Monson,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Monson, 3rd Baronet">Sir Henry Monson, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Speke,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir George Speke, 2nd Baronet">Sir George Speke, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Baron" title="Michel Baron">Michel Baron</a>, French actor (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_G%C3%BCnther_II,_Count_of_Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt" title="Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt">Anton Günther II, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen-Arnstadt</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_van_Riebeeck" title="Abraham van Riebeeck">Abraham van Riebeeck</a>, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Ruzzini" title="Carlo Ruzzini">Carlo Ruzzini</a>, Doge of Venice (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_de_La_Croix_de_Chevri%C3%A8res_de_Saint-Vallier" title="Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier">Jean-Baptiste de La Croix de Chevrières de Saint-Vallier</a>, Catholic bishop of Quebec (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Duke_of_Saxe-Merseburg" title="Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg">Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Empress_Xiaochengren" title="Empress Xiaochengren">Empress Xiaochengren</a>, Chinese Qing Dynasty empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cromwell,_3rd_Earl_of_Ardglass" title="Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass">Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_3" title="December 3">December 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tolomei" title="Giovanni Battista Tolomei">Giovanni Battista Tolomei</a>, Italian Jesuit priest, theologian and cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Conrad_Peyer" title="Johann Conrad Peyer">Johann Conrad Peyer</a>, Swiss anatomist (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_Howard,_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Mary Howard, of the Holy Cross">Mary Howard, of the Holy Cross</a>, English nun of the Poor Clares (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chikamatsu_Monzaemon" title="Chikamatsu Monzaemon">Chikamatsu Monzaemon</a>, Japanese playwright (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahman_Baba" title="Rahman Baba">Rahman Baba</a>, Afghan Pashto Sufi poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Pachelbel" title="Johann Pachelbel">Johann Pachelbel</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1654 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg/110px-Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg/165px-Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_the_Kangxi_Emperor_in_Court_Dress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="1798" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg/110px-Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg/165px-Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg/220px-Bernard_Nieuwentijt_-_niederl%C3%A4ndischer_Philosoph_und_Mathematiker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4716" data-file-height="5846" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nieuwentyt" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt">Bernard Nieuwentyt</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Poley" title="Henry Poley">Henry Poley</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Barnes" title="Joshua Barnes">Joshua Barnes</a>, English scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Gabrielli" title="Giovanni Maria Gabrielli">Giovanni Maria Gabrielli</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_20" title="January 20">January 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michiel_de_Swaen" title="Michiel de Swaen">Michiel de Swaen</a>, Flemish poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Blackmore" title="Richard Blackmore">Richard Blackmore</a>, English physician and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_3" title="February 3">February 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Antonio_Fiocco" title="Pietro Antonio Fiocco">Pietro Antonio Fiocco</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Maria_of_Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg" title="Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg">Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg</a>, German princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1682" title="1682">1682</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsarevich_Alexei_Alexeyevich_of_Russia" title="Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich of Russia">Tsarevich Alexei Alexeyevich of Russia</a>, son and heir of Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. <a href="/wiki/1670" title="1670">1670</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monck,_Duchess_of_Albemarle" title="Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle">Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acoluthus" title="Andreas Acoluthus">Andreas Acoluthus</a>, German scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Leke,_3rd_Earl_of_Scarsdale" title="Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale">Robert Leke, 3rd Earl of Scarsdale</a>, English earl, politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Bartolomeo_Chiari" title="Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari">Giuseppe Bartolomeo Chiari</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Egerton_(MP_for_Brackley)" title="Charles Egerton (MP for Brackley)">Charles Egerton (MP for Brackley)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Passeri" title="Giuseppe Passeri">Giuseppe Passeri</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hoogsaat" title="Jan Hoogsaat">Jan Hoogsaat</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Augustus,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Neuenstadt" title="Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt">Frederick Augustus, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acoluthus" title="Andreas Acoluthus">Andreas Acoluthus</a>, German orientalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth" title="Sophie Amalie Moth">Sophie Amalie Moth</a>, royal mistress of King Christian V of Denmark (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joan_de_Cabanas" title="Joan de Cabanas">Joan de Cabanas</a>, Occitan language writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Cozza" title="Lorenzo Cozza">Lorenzo Cozza</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peder_Krog" title="Peder Krog">Peder Krog</a>, Lutheran bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Backwell" title="John Backwell">John Backwell</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Blount_(deist)" title="Charles Blount (deist)">Charles Blount (deist)</a>, English deist and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Digby,_3rd_Baron_Digby" title="Robert Digby, 3rd Baron Digby">Robert Digby, 3rd Baron Digby</a>, English peer and Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1677" title="1677">1677</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kangxi_Emperor" title="Kangxi Emperor">Kangxi Emperor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing China</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lennard,_1st_Earl_of_Sussex" title="Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex">Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex</a>, English cricketer (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicodemus_Tessin_the_Younger" title="Nicodemus Tessin the Younger">Nicodemus Tessin the Younger</a>, Swedish architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Handcock" title="Thomas Handcock">Thomas Handcock</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gerbillon" title="Jean-François Gerbillon">Jean-François Gerbillon</a>, French Jesuit missionary active in China (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Antoni_Ogi%C5%84ski" title="Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński">Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński</a>, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Onslow,_1st_Baron_Onslow" title="Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow">Richard Onslow, 1st Baron Onslow</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophia_of_Saxe-Weissenfels,_Princess_of_Anhalt-Zerbst" title="Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst">Sophia of Saxe-Weissenfels, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_24" title="June 24">June 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fuller_(writer)" title="Thomas Fuller (writer)">Thomas Fuller (writer)</a>, British physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1654)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1654)">Thomas Rice (1654)</a>, Massachusetts legislator (d. <a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Joseph,_Duke_of_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme">Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme</a>, French military commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aoyama_Tadashige" title="Aoyama Tadashige">Aoyama Tadashige</a>, Japanese daimyō (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reigen" title="Emperor Reigen">Emperor Reigen</a> of Japan (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_1st_Baron_Herbert_of_Chirbury" title="Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury">Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agostino_Steffani" title="Agostino Steffani">Agostino Steffani</a>, Italian ecclesiastic, diplomat and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_3" title="August 3">August 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel">Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brodrick_(1654%E2%80%931730)" title="Thomas Brodrick (1654–1730)">Thomas Brodrick (1654–1730)</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Nieuwentyt" title="Bernard Nieuwentyt">Bernard Nieuwentyt</a>, Dutch mathematician and philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_15" title="August 15">August 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_of_the_Cross" title="John Joseph of the Cross">John Joseph of the Cross</a>, Italian saint (d. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Morris_(I)" title="Anthony Morris (I)">Anthony Morris (I)</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pagi" title="François Pagi">François Pagi</a>, French Franciscan historian of the Catholic Church (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Handcock_(1654%E2%80%931701)" title="William Handcock (1654–1701)">William Handcock (1654–1701)</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Avril" title="Philippe Avril">Philippe Avril</a>, French Jesuit explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Peringski%C3%B6ld" title="Johan Peringskiöld">Johan Peringskiöld</a>, Swedish antiquarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Frederick,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Ansbach" title="John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach">John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernhard_Staudt" title="Johann Bernhard Staudt">Johann Bernhard Staudt</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Lancisi" title="Giovanni Maria Lancisi">Giovanni Maria Lancisi</a>, Italian physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Liebe" title="Christian Liebe">Christian Liebe</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Delaval,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Delaval, 3rd Baronet">Sir John Delaval, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Weigel_the_Elder" title="Christoph Weigel the Elder">Christoph Weigel the Elder</a>, German engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Watson_(accountant)" title="George Watson (accountant)">George Watson (accountant)</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a> accountant and the founder of <a href="/wiki/George_Watson%27s_College" title="George Watson's College">George Watson's College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Kessel_the_Younger" title="Jan van Kessel the Younger">Jan van Kessel the Younger</a>, Flemish painter in Spain (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_von_Canitz" title="Friedrich von Canitz">Friedrich von Canitz</a>, German poet and diplomat (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hartstonge" title="John Hartstonge">John Hartstonge</a>, Irish bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gioseffo_dal_Sole" title="Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole">Giovanni Gioseffo dal Sole</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Livingston_the_Elder" title="Robert Livingston the Elder">Robert Livingston the Elder</a>, New York colonial official (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Theodor_Jablonski" title="Johann Theodor Jablonski">Johann Theodor Jablonski</a>, German lexicographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Mart%C3%A8ne" title="Edmond Martène">Edmond Martène</a>, French Benedictine historian and liturgist (d. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_30" title="December 30">December 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archduchess_Maria_Anna_Josepha_of_Austria" title="Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria">Archduchess Maria Anna Josepha of Austria</a>, youngest surviving daughter of Ferdinand III (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li>probable – <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Glanville" title="Eleanor Glanville">Eleanor Glanville</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">entomologist</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li></ul> 1655 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:InnocientXIII.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InnocientXIII.jpg/110px-InnocientXIII.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InnocientXIII.jpg/165px-InnocientXIII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/InnocientXIII.jpg/220px-InnocientXIII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XIII" title="Pope Innocent XIII">Pope Innocent XIII</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_XI_of_Sweden_(1691).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg/110px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg/165px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg/220px-Charles_XI_of_Sweden_%281691%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="598" data-file-height="775" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI of Sweden</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoornbeek.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Hoornbeek.jpg/110px-Hoornbeek.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Hoornbeek.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="156" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Isaac_van_Hoornbeek" title="Isaac van Hoornbeek">Isaac van Hoornbeek</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Thomasius" title="Christian Thomasius">Christian Thomasius</a>, German jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Coney_(silversmith)" title="John Coney (silversmith)">John Coney (silversmith)</a>, early American silversmith/goldsmith (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Comneno_Papadopoli" title="Niccolò Comneno Papadopoli">Niccolò Comneno Papadopoli</a>, Italian jurist of religious law and historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonor_Magdalene_of_Neuburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg">Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg</a>, Holy Roman Empress (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sergison" title="Charles Sergison">Charles Sergison</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_7th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk">Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk</a>, England (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_de_Montfaucon" title="Bernard de Montfaucon">Bernard de Montfaucon</a>, French Benedictine monk (d. <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nalan_Xingde" title="Nalan Xingde">Nalan Xingde</a>, Chinese poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Molinari_(painter)" title="Antonio Molinari (painter)">Antonio Molinari</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_25" title="January 25">January 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Anckarstjerna" title="Cornelius Anckarstjerna">Cornelius Anckarstjerna</a>, Dutch-born Swedish admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_27" title="January 27">January 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Nesmond" title="Henri de Nesmond">Henri de Nesmond</a>, French churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_%22Tangier%22_Smith" title="William "Tangier" Smith">William "Tangier" Smith</a>, Moroccan mayor (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Regnard" title="Jean-François Regnard">Jean-François Regnard</a>, French comic poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nicolas_Colbert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Nicolas Colbert">Jacques-Nicolas Colbert</a>, French churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/August,_Duke_of_Saxe-Merseburg-Z%C3%B6rbig" title="August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig">August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Electoral_Prince_of_Brandenburg" title="Charles, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg">Charles, Electoral Prince of Brandenburg</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carel_de_Moor" title="Carel de Moor">Carel de Moor</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Beer" title="Johann Beer">Johann Beer</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)<a href="#cite_note-113">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fra_Galgario" title="Fra Galgario">Fra Galgario</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)<a href="#cite_note-114">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Krag" title="Frederik Krag">Frederik Krag</a>, Danish nobleman and senior civil servant (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hill_of_Hawkstone" title="Richard Hill of Hawkstone">Richard Hill of Hawkstone</a>, English statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Myddelton,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Myddelton, 3rd Baronet">Sir Richard Myddelton, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_William,_Margrave_of_Baden-Baden" title="Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden">Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden</a>, Germany (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)<a href="#cite_note-118">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_St_Lo" title="George St Lo">George St Lo</a>, Royal Navy officer and administrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)<a href="#cite_note-119">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_25" title="April 25">April 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Lowther,_1st_Viscount_Lonsdale" title="John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale">John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rinaldo_d%27Este_(1655%E2%80%931737)" title="Rinaldo d'Este (1655–1737)">Rinaldo d'Este (1655–1737)</a>, Duke of Modena (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofspring_Blackall" title="Ofspring Blackall">Ofspring Blackall</a>, Bishop of Exeter (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Cristofori" title="Bartolomeo Cristofori">Bartolomeo Cristofori</a>, Italian maker of musical instruments, invented the piano (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)<a href="#cite_note-121">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_XIII" title="Pope Innocent XIII">Pope Innocent XIII</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_El%C3%A9onor_Rouxel_de_Grancey" title="Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey">Jacques Eléonor Rouxel de Grancey</a>, Marshal of France (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)<a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Cori" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas of Cori">Thomas of Cori</a>, Italian Friar Minor and preacher (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cifrondi" title="Antonio Cifrondi">Antonio Cifrondi</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest,_Duke_of_Saxe-Hildburghausen" title="Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen">Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Dientzenhofer" title="Christoph Dientzenhofer">Christoph Dientzenhofer</a>, German architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ford_Grey,_1st_Earl_of_Tankerville" title="Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville">Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville</a>, England (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)<a href="#cite_note-127">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Hotham,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Hotham, 3rd Baronet">Sir John Hotham, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_13" title="August 13">August 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Denner" title="Johann Christoph Denner">Johann Christoph Denner</a>, German musical instrument maker, invented the clarinet (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Christian,_Count_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Frederick Christian, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe">Frederick Christian, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Collett" title="James Collett">James Collett</a>, English-born merchant who settled in Norway (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Robineau_de_Villebon" title="Joseph Robineau de Villebon">Joseph Robineau de Villebon</a>, governor of Acadia (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andries_Pels" title="Andries Pels">Andries Pels</a>, Dutch banker (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Johnston_(Secretary_of_State)" title="James Johnston (Secretary of State)">James Johnston (Secretary of State)</a>, diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_de_Brossard" title="Sébastien de Brossard">Sébastien de Brossard</a>, French composer and music theorist (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l%C3%A9onor_Marie_du_Maine_du_Bourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Éléonor Marie du Maine du Bourg">Éléonor Marie du Maine du Bourg</a>, French nobleman and general (d. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roger_Cave" title="Roger Cave">Roger Cave</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)<a href="#cite_note-134">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Ferdinand_of_Auersperg" title="Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg">Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg</a>, Duke of Münsterberg (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_III,_Prince_of_Gu%C3%A9m%C3%A9n%C3%A9" title="Charles III, Prince of Guéméné">Charles III, Prince of Guéméné</a>, French nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lothar_Franz_von_Sch%C3%B6nborn" title="Lothar Franz von Schönborn">Lothar Franz von Schönborn</a>, Archbishop of Mainz (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)<a href="#cite_note-136">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Neville_(the_younger)" title="Richard Neville (the younger)">Richard Neville (the younger)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)<a href="#cite_note-137">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fabio_Brulart_de_Sillery" title="Fabio Brulart de Sillery">Fabio Brulart de Sillery</a>, French churchman (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)<a href="#cite_note-138">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1" title="November 1">November 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Kettler" title="Ferdinand Kettler">Ferdinand Kettler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Courland and Semigallia">Duke of Courland and Semigallia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)<a href="#cite_note-139">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Lascelles_(1655%E2%80%931734)" title="Daniel Lascelles (1655–1734)">Daniel Lascelles (1655–1734)</a>, English Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)<a href="#cite_note-140">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Restout" title="Eustache Restout">Eustache Restout</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)<a href="#cite_note-141">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Nicholson" title="Francis Nicholson">Francis Nicholson</a>, British Army general, colonial administrator (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-142">[141]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Gherardini" title="Alessandro Gherardini">Alessandro Gherardini</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)<a href="#cite_note-143">[142]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Walter_Norborne_(died_1684)" title="Walter Norborne (died 1684)">Walter Norborne</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1684" title="1684">1684</a>)<a href="#cite_note-144">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Robinson,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet">Sir William Robinson, 1st Baronet</a>, British politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)<a href="#cite_note-145">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Grosvenor,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet">Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)<a href="#cite_note-146">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden" title="Charles XI of Sweden">Charles XI of Sweden</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)<a href="#cite_note-147">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_9" title="December 9">December 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_van_Hoornbeek" title="Isaac van Hoornbeek">Isaac van Hoornbeek</a>, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-148">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Forester" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Forester">Sir William Forester</a>, British politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Evelyn_the_Younger" title="John Evelyn the Younger">John Evelyn the Younger</a>, English translator (d. <a href="/wiki/1699" title="1699">1699</a>)<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Philippsthal" title="Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal">Philip, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal</a>, son of William VI (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)<a href="#cite_note-151">[150]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abstrupus_Danby" title="Abstrupus Danby">Abstrupus Danby</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)<a href="#cite_note-152">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis,_3rd_Baron_Cornwallis" title="Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis">Charles Cornwallis, 3rd Baron Cornwallis</a>, First Lord of the British Admiralty (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)<a href="#cite_note-153">[152]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_29" title="December 29">December 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Watson,_1st_Earl_of_Rockingham" title="Lewis Watson, 1st Earl of Rockingham">Lewis Watson, 1st Earl of Rockingham</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a></li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Zumbi" title="Zumbi">Zumbi</a>, runaway slave in Brazil (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)<a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a></li></ul> 1656 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg/110px-Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg/165px-Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg/220px-Johanna_Magdalena_von_Sachsen-Altenburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>Duchess <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Magdalena_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg">Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg/110px-Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg/165px-Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg/220px-Jan_Frans_van_Douven_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="551" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_Frans_van_Douven" title="Jan Frans van Douven">Jan Frans van Douven</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693,_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_(Jacques_D%27_Agar)_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif/lossy-page1-110px-Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif/lossy-page1-165px-Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Ulrika_Eleonora_d.%C3%A4._1656-1693%2C_drottning_av_Sverige_prinsessa_av_Danmark_%28Jacques_D%27_Agar%29_-_Nationalmuseum_-_15106.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2760" data-file-height="3550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Denmark" title="Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark">Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edmond_Halley_072.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edmond_Halley_072.jpg/110px-Edmond_Halley_072.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edmond_Halley_072.jpg/165px-Edmond_Halley_072.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Edmond_Halley_072.jpg/220px-Edmond_Halley_072.jpg 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Fleetwood" title="William Fleetwood">William Fleetwood</a>, Anglican bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Panelli_(painter)" title="Paolo Panelli (painter)">Paolo Panelli</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter">painter</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – Duchess <a href="/wiki/Johanna_Magdalena_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg">Johanna Magdalena of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ashburnham,_1st_Baron_Ashburnham" title="John Ashburnham, 1st Baron Ashburnham">John Ashburnham, 1st Baron Ashburnham</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Andrew" title="Samuel Andrew">Samuel Andrew</a>, American Congregational clergyman and educator (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Churchill_(British_Army_officer,_born_1656)" title="Charles Churchill (British Army officer, born 1656)">Charles Churchill</a>, English Army general and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rose_Venerini" title="Rose Venerini">Rose Venerini</a>, Italian saint, educational pioneer (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_de_Marsin" title="Ferdinand de Marsin">Ferdinand de Marsin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marshal_of_France" title="Marshal of France">Marshal of France</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Cary,_5th_Viscount_of_Falkland" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland">Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount of Falkland</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Angela_Caterina_d%27Este" title="Maria Angela Caterina d'Este">Maria Angela Caterina d'Este</a>, Italian princess (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_2" title="March 2">March 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Frans_van_Douven" title="Jan Frans van Douven">Jan Frans van Douven</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1727" title="1727">1727</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – Duchess <a href="/wiki/Marie_Elisabeth_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt">Marie Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hachisuka_Tsunamichi" title="Hachisuka Tsunamichi">Hachisuka Tsunamichi</a>, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Tokushima Domain (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Hartsoeker" title="Nicolaas Hartsoeker">Nicolaas Hartsoeker</a>, Dutch mathematician and physicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re" title="Nicolas de Largillière">Nicolas de Largillière</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bussi_(1656%E2%80%931726)" title="Giovanni Battista Bussi (1656–1726)">Giovanni Batista Bussi</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Andr%C3%A9s_de_Ustariz" title="Juan Andrés de Ustariz">Juan Andrés de Ustariz</a>, Royal Governor of Cuba (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Molyneux" title="William Molyneux">William Molyneux</a>, Irish politician, philosopher and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1698" title="1698">1698</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Trevisani" title="Francesco Trevisani">Francesco Trevisani</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lepage_de_Sainte-Claire" title="René Lepage de Sainte-Claire">René Lepage de Sainte-Claire</a>, lord-founder of <a href="/wiki/Rimouski" title="Rimouski">Rimouski</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, Canada (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_de_Maillet" title="Benoît de Maillet">Benoît de Maillet</a>, French diplomat and natural historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Egon,_Prince_of_F%C3%BCrstenberg-Heiligenberg" title="Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg">Anton Egon, Prince of Fürstenberg-Heiligenberg</a>, Governor of the Electorate of Saxony (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Richard_Levinge,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Richard Levinge, 1st Baronet">Sir Richard Levinge, 1st Baronet</a>, Anglo-Irish politician and judge (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Dornburg" title="John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg">John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Mainwaring,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Mainwaring, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Mainwaring, 2nd Baronet</a>, English member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_23" title="May 23">May 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Rawson" title="Rebecca Rawson">Rebecca Rawson</a>, Massachusetts heroine of the 1849 book Leaves from Margaret Smith's Journal (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anton_Florian,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" title="Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein">Anton Florian, Prince of Liechtenstein</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marin_Marais" title="Marin Marais">Marin Marais</a>, French composer and viol player (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pitton_de_Tournefort" title="Joseph Pitton de Tournefort">Joseph Pitton de Tournefort</a>, French botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paul_Thymich" title="Paul Thymich">Paul Thymich</a>, German poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Leyser_III" title="Polykarp Leyser III">Polykarp Leyser III</a>, German Lutheran theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Leake" title="John Leake">John Leake</a>, English Royal Navy admiral (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hamilton,_2nd_Lord_Belhaven_and_Stenton" title="John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton">John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton</a>, Scottish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guru_Har_Krishan" title="Guru Har Krishan">Guru Har Krishan</a>, 8th Guru of Sikhism (d. <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massimiliano_Soldani_Benzi" title="Massimiliano Soldani Benzi">Massimiliano Soldani Benzi</a>, Italian sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Langbaine" title="Gerard Langbaine">Gerard Langbaine</a>, English dramatic biographer and critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Ashby_(MP)" title="George Ashby (MP)">George Ashby</a>, English member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Bouvet" title="Joachim Bouvet">Joachim Bouvet</a>, French Jesuit active in China (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Bernhard_Fischer_von_Erlach" title="Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach">Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach</a>, Austrian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Forbin" title="Claude de Forbin">Claude de Forbin</a>, French naval commander (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Visdelou" title="Claude de Visdelou">Claude de Visdelou</a>, French missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Knaut" title="Christian Knaut">Christian Knaut</a>, German physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galli-Bibiena" title="Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena">Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Dubois" title="Guillaume Dubois">Guillaume Dubois</a>, French cardinal and statesman (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Molesworth,_1st_Viscount_Molesworth" title="Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth">Robert Molesworth, 1st Viscount Molesworth</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Caspar_Ferdinand_Fischer" title="Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer">Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer</a>, German organist and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hewet" title="Thomas Hewet">Thomas Hewet</a>, English landowner and architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ulrika_Eleonora_of_Denmark" title="Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark">Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark</a>, Swedish queen consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1693" title="1693">1693</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Baker_(antiquarian)" title="Thomas Baker (antiquarian)">Thomas Baker</a>, English antiquarian (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_des_Bouverie" title="William des Bouverie">William des Bouverie</a>, English aristocrat and merchant (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Carr%C3%A9" title="Hendrik Carré">Hendrik Carré</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_de_Largilli%C3%A8re" title="Nicolas de Largillière">Nicolas de Largillière</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1746" title="1746">1746</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Reutter" title="Georg Reutter">Georg Reutter</a>, German composer and organist (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmond_Halley" title="Edmond Halley">Edmond Halley</a>, English scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Tourreil" title="Jacques de Tourreil">Jacques de Tourreil</a>, French lawyer (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – Duchess <a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Charlotte_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Eleonore Charlotte of Württemberg-Montbéliard">Eleonore Charlotte of Württemberg-Montbéliard</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_de_Heusch" title="Jacob de Heusch">Jacob de Heusch</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Oldfield" title="Joshua Oldfield">Joshua Oldfield</a>, English Presbyterian minister (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Michael_Rottmayr" title="Johann Michael Rottmayr">Johann Michael Rottmayr</a>, Austrian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Abercromby" title="Patrick Abercromby">Patrick Abercromby</a>, Scottish physician and antiquarian (d. c. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Oriana_Galli-Bibiena" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Oriana Galli-Bibiena">Maria Oriana Galli-Bibiena</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1749" title="1749">1749</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a>, Native American beatified in the Roman Catholic Church (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1657 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_I_of_Prussia_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg/110px-Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg/165px-Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Frederick_I_of_Prussia_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="701" data-file-height="944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick I of Prussia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg/110px-Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg/165px-Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg/220px-Wigerus_Vitringa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1907" data-file-height="2507" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Wigerus_Vitringa" title="Wigerus Vitringa">Wigerus Vitringa</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_FitzCharles,_1st_Earl_of_Plymouth" title="Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth">Charles FitzCharles, 1st Earl of Plymouth</a>, illegitimate son of King Charles II of England (d. <a href="/wiki/1680" title="1680">1680</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9bastien_Rale" title="Sébastien Rale">Sébastien Rale</a>, French missionary (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Bowes_(MP_for_County_Durham)" title="William Bowes (MP for County Durham)">William Bowes</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1707" title="1707">1707</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_van_der_Woude" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth van der Woude">Elizabeth van der Woude</a>, Dutch writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1694" title="1694">1694</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_van_Bloemen" title="Pieter van Bloemen">Pieter van Bloemen</a>, Flemish <a href="/wiki/Painter" class="mw-redirect" title="Painter">painter</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Casimir_II,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dietz" title="Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz">Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz</a>, Stadholder of Friesland and Groningen (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cupani" title="Francesco Cupani">Francesco Cupani</a>, Italian naturalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Wake" title="William Wake">William Wake</a>, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Moore_(astrologer)" title="Francis Moore (astrologer)">Francis Moore</a>, English physician and astrologer (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)<a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Carpenter,_1st_Baron_Carpenter" title="George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter">George Carpenter, 1st Baron Carpenter</a>, English Army general (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Le_Bovier_de_Fontenelle" title="Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle">Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle</a>, French scientist and man of letters (d. <a href="/wiki/1757" title="1757">1757</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Gisbert" title="Blaise Gisbert">Blaise Gisbert</a>, French Jesuit rhetorician and critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_24" title="February 24">February 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clopton_Havers" title="Clopton Havers">Clopton Havers</a>, English physician (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agathe_de_Saint-P%C3%A8re" title="Agathe de Saint-Père">Agathe de Saint-Père</a>, French-Canadian business entrepreneur and inventor (d. <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1" title="March 1">March 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Werenfels" title="Samuel Werenfels">Samuel Werenfels</a>, Swiss theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1740" title="1740">1740</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Magdalene_of_Hessen-Darmstadt" title="Auguste Magdalene of Hessen-Darmstadt">Auguste Magdalene of Hessen-Darmstadt</a>, German noblewoman and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1674" title="1674">1674</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_18" title="March 18">March 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ottavio_Pitoni" title="Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni">Giuseppe Ottavio Pitoni</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leclerc_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Leclerc (theologian)">Jean Leclerc</a>, Swiss theologian and biblical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_20" title="March 20">March 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Omodei_(1607%E2%80%931685)" title="Luigi Omodei (1607–1685)">Luigi Omodei (1607–1685)</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arai_Hakuseki" title="Arai Hakuseki">Arai Hakuseki</a>, Japanese politician and writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_5th_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" title="Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron">Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Friedrich_von_der_Groeben" title="Otto Friedrich von der Groeben">Otto Friedrich von der Groeben</a>, Prussian traveller, soldier and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Martino_Altomonte" title="Martino Altomonte">Martino Altomonte</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sambhaji" title="Sambhaji">Sambhaji</a>, Maratha ruler (d. <a href="/wiki/1689" title="1689">1689</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri-Pons_de_Thiard_de_Bissy" title="Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy">Henri-Pons de Thiard de Bissy</a>, French Catholic priest, bishop and cardinal (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Craggs_the_Elder" title="James Craggs the Elder">James Craggs the Elder</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Blackett,_1st_Baronet,_of_Newcastle-upon-Tyne" title="Sir William Blackett, 1st Baronet, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne">Sir William Blackett, 1st Baronet, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Ellies_Dupin" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis Ellies Dupin">Louis Ellies Dupin</a>, French ecclesiastical historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Peyster" title="Abraham de Peyster">Abraham de Peyster</a>, New Amsterdam/New York politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of Prussia">Frederick I of Prussia</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_III,_Duke_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg">Friedrich Wilhelm III, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1672" title="1672">1672</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Cheyne,_2nd_Viscount_Newhaven" title="William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven">William Cheyne, 2nd Viscount Newhaven</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Digby,_4th_Baron_Digby" title="Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby">Simon Digby, 4th Baron Digby</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Janssonius_van_Almeloveen" title="Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen">Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen</a>, Dutch classical scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mathieu_de_Chazelles" title="Jean Mathieu de Chazelles">Jean Mathieu de Chazelles</a>, French hydrographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Heinrich_Erlebach" title="Philipp Heinrich Erlebach">Philipp Heinrich Erlebach</a>, German composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_Basnage_de_Beauval" title="Henri Basnage de Beauval">Henri Basnage de Beauval</a>, French historian and lexicographer (d. <a href="/wiki/1710" title="1710">1710</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Monnot" title="Pierre-Étienne Monnot">Pierre-Étienne Monnot</a>, French sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Galli-Bibiena" title="Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena">Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a> and painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Margil" title="Antonio Margil">Antonio Margil</a>, Spanish Franciscan missionary in North and Central America (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Charles_Blois,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet">Sir Charles Blois, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Cullum" title="Dudley Cullum">Dudley Cullum</a>, English politician and baronet (d. <a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pieter_Schuyler" title="Pieter Schuyler">Pieter Schuyler</a>, acting governor of the province of New York and army colonel (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Muhammad_Akbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Muhammad Akbar">Sultan Muhammad Akbar</a>, Mughal prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sofia_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia">Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia</a>, Russian regent (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_of_Saxe-Weissenfels,_Count_of_Barby" title="Heinrich of Saxe-Weissenfels, Count of Barby">Heinrich of Saxe-Weissenfels, Count of Barby</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Baudry" title="Guillaume Baudry">Guillaume Baudry</a>, gunsmith and gold and silversmith in Lower Canada (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Solimena" title="Francesco Solimena">Francesco Solimena</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wigerus_Vitringa" title="Wigerus Vitringa">Wigerus Vitringa</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_26" title="October 26">October 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philipp,_Duke_of_Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchst%C3%A4dt" title="Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt">Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Lauchstädt</a>, German nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Denis" title="Joseph Denis">Joseph Denis</a>, Canadian Rėcollet priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Dorothea,_Abbess_of_Quedlinburg" title="Anna Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg">Anna Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliane_Louise_of_East_Frisia" title="Juliane Louise of East Frisia">Juliane Louise of East Frisia</a>, Princess of East Frisia (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Derham" title="William Derham">William Derham</a>, English clergyman and natural philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1735" title="1735">1735</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Bernhard_Valentini" title="Michael Bernhard Valentini">Michael Bernhard Valentini</a>, German naturalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Prospero,_Prince_of_Asturias" title="Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias">Philip Prospero, Prince of Asturias</a>, heir apparent to the Spanish throne (d. <a href="/wiki/1661" title="1661">1661</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Anton,_Count_of_Hohenzollern-Haigerloch" title="Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch">Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Changning_(prince)" class="mw-redirect" title="Changning (prince)">Changning</a>, prince of the Qing dynasty (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Dunch_(Whig)" title="Edmund Dunch (Whig)">Edmund Dunch</a>, English Whig politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Richard_Delalande" title="Michel Richard Delalande">Michel Richard Delalande</a>, French composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Thomas,_Count_of_Soissons" title="Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons">Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons</a>, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (d. <a href="/wiki/1702" title="1702">1702</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Duston" title="Hannah Duston">Hannah Duston</a>, Massachusetts Puritan mother of 8, taken captive during King William's War (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Franklin" title="Josiah Franklin">Josiah Franklin</a>, English-born American businessman, father of Benjamin Franklin (d. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Rossi_(architect)" title="Domenico Rossi (architect)">Domenico Rossi</a>, Swiss-Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li></ul> 1658 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg/110px-Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg/165px-Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg/220px-Mary_of_Modena_Pietersz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1614" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Coustou" title="Nicolas Coustou">Nicolas Coustou</a>, French artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)<a href="#cite_note-157">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samson_Wertheimer" title="Samson Wertheimer">Samson Wertheimer</a>, European rabbi (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Seymour,_5th_Duke_of_Somerset" title="Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset">Francis Seymour, 5th Duke of Somerset</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles-Ir%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_Castel_de_Saint-Pierre" title="Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre">Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre</a>, French writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_5" title="March 5">March 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Mothe_Cadillac" title="Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac">Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac</a>, French explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Trevor,_1st_Baron_Trevor" title="Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor">Thomas Trevor, 1st Baron Trevor</a>, British Baron (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Santerre" title="Jean-Baptiste Santerre">Jean-Baptiste Santerre</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muro_Ky%C5%ABs%C5%8D" title="Muro Kyūsō">Muro Kyūsō</a>, Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_11" title="April 11">April 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_4th_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton">James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton</a>, Scottish peer (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wilhelm,_Elector_Palatine" title="Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine">Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine</a>, German noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Torelli" title="Giuseppe Torelli">Giuseppe Torelli</a>, Italian violist, violinist, pedagogue and composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Furnese,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Furnese, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Furnese, 1st Baronet</a>, English merchant and politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_March_(colonel)" title="John March (colonel)">John March</a>, Massachusetts businessman, colonel (d. <a href="/wiki/1712" title="1712">1712</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Victor_Honor%C3%A9_Janssens" title="Victor Honoré Janssens">Victor Honoré Janssens</a>, Flemish painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt">Louis VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1678" title="1678">1678</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Ferdinando_Marsili" title="Luigi Ferdinando Marsili">Luigi Ferdinando Marsili</a>, Italian soldier and naturalist (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Rusconi" title="Camillo Rusconi">Camillo Rusconi</a>, Italian artist (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diogo_de_Mendon%C3%A7a_Corte-Real" title="Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real">Diogo de Mendonça Corte-Real</a>, Portuguese politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexis_Littr%C3%A9" title="Alexis Littré">Alexis Littré</a>, French physician and anatomist (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Campbell,_1st_Duke_of_Argyll" title="Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll">Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll</a>, Scottish privy councillor (d. <a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roelof_Diodati" title="Roelof Diodati">Roelof Diodati</a>, Dutch Governor of Mauritius (d. <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Joseph_Garidel" title="Pierre Joseph Garidel">Pierre Joseph Garidel</a>, French botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Audran_III" title="Claude Audran III">Claude Audran III</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Maria_von_Sandrart" title="Susanne Maria von Sandrart">Susanne Maria von Sandrart</a>, German engraver (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Justinian_Isham,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet">Sir Justinian Isham, 4th Baronet</a>, English baronet and Member of Parliament (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Frans_van_Son" title="Jan Frans van Son">Jan Frans van Son</a>, Flemish Baroque painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Thoresby" title="Ralph Thoresby">Ralph Thoresby</a>, British historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Franti%C5%A1ek_Beckovsk%C3%BD" title="Jan František Beckovský">Jan František Beckovský</a>, Czech historian (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Ernest_IV,_Duke_of_Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld">John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Tourn%C3%A9ly" title="Honoré Tournély">Honoré Tournély</a>, French theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Bernard_(theologian)" title="Jacques Bernard (theologian)">Jacques Bernard</a>, French theologian and publicist (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Dennis_(dramatist)" title="John Dennis (dramatist)">John Dennis</a>, English dramatist and critic (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_Anstruther,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet">Sir Robert Anstruther, 1st Baronet</a>, Scottish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Eleonore_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_2" title="October 2">October 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roosevelt_(1658%E2%80%931742)" title="Nicholas Roosevelt (1658–1742)">Nicholas Roosevelt (1658–1742)</a>, Dutch-American politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1742" title="1742">1742</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_5" title="October 5">October 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Modena" title="Mary of Modena">Mary of Modena</a>, queen of <a href="/wiki/James_II_of_England" title="James II of England">James II of England</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heinrich_Postel" title="Christian Heinrich Postel">Christian Heinrich Postel</a>, German jurist (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Courland" title="Alexander of Courland">Alexander of Courland</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1686" title="1686">1686</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_19" title="October 19">October 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolphus_Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg-Strelitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz">Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Boulainvilliers" title="Henri de Boulainvilliers">Henri de Boulainvilliers</a>, French nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marko_Gerbec" title="Marko Gerbec">Marko Gerbec</a>, Carniolan physician, scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Noel_(MP)" title="Baptist Noel (MP)">Baptist Noel (MP)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sulkhan-Saba_Orbeliani" title="Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani">Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani</a>, Georgian prince, writer, monk and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Roesner" title="Johann Gottfried Roesner">Johann Gottfried Roesner</a>, Prussian burgomaster (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsarevna_Catherine_Alekseyevna_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsarevna Catherine Alekseyevna of Russia">Tsarevna Catherine Alekseyevna of Russia</a>, daughter of Tsar Alexis of Russia (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hercule-Louis_Turinetti,_marquis_of_Pri%C3%A9" title="Hercule-Louis Turinetti, marquis of Prié">Hercule-Louis Turinetti, marquis of Prié</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Thomas_Roberts,_4th_Baronet" title="Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet">Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1706" title="1706">1706</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_10" title="December 10">December 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lancelot_Blackburne" title="Lancelot Blackburne">Lancelot Blackburne</a>, Archbishop of York (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barry" title="Elizabeth Barry">Elizabeth Barry</a>, English actress (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li></ul> 1659 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg/110px-Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg/165px-Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg/220px-Adriaen_van_der_Werff-_Self_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="779" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adriaen_van_der_Werff" title="Adriaen van der Werff">Adriaen van der Werff</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Every,Henry.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Every%2CHenry.JPG/110px-Every%2CHenry.JPG" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Every%2CHenry.JPG/165px-Every%2CHenry.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Every%2CHenry.JPG/220px-Every%2CHenry.JPG 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="702" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg/110px-Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg/165px-Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg/220px-Henry_Purcell_by_John_Closterman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2615" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Wemyss,_3rd_Countess_of_Wemyss" title="Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss">Margaret Wemyss, 3rd Countess of Wemyss</a>, Scottish noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_4" title="January 4">January 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Pierpont_(minister)" title="James Pierpont (minister)">James Pierpont</a>, Connecticut Congregationalist minister, a founder of Yale University (d. <a href="/wiki/1714" title="1714">1714</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_11" title="January 11">January 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Browne" title="Ambrose Browne">Ambrose Browne</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1688" title="1688">1688</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Arnold_Nering" title="Johann Arnold Nering">Johann Arnold Nering</a>, German architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Takatsukasa_Kanehiro" title="Takatsukasa Kanehiro">Takatsukasa Kanehiro</a>, Japanese court noble of the Edo period (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Veracini" title="Antonio Veracini">Antonio Veracini</a>, Italian composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1745" title="1745">1745</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Damaris_Cudworth_Masham" title="Damaris Cudworth Masham">Damaris Cudworth Masham</a>, English philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adriaen_van_der_Werff" title="Adriaen van der Werff">Adriaen van der Werff</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1722" title="1722">1722</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_28" title="January 28">January 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Samuel_Barnardiston,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet">Sir Samuel Barnardiston, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1709" title="1709">1709</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Roggeveen" title="Jacob Roggeveen">Jacob Roggeveen</a>, Dutch Pacific Ocean explorer (d. <a href="/wiki/1729" title="1729">1729</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_14" title="February 14">February 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Eustace,_Count_Palatine_of_Sulzbach" title="Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach">Theodore Eustace, Count Palatine of Sulzbach</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1732" title="1732">1732</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Sherard" title="William Sherard">William Sherard</a>, English botanist (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_4" title="March 4">March 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lepautre_(1659%E2%80%931744)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Lepautre (1659–1744)">Pierre Lepautre (1659–1744)</a>, French sculptor (d. <a href="/wiki/1744" title="1744">1744</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Salomon_Franck" title="Salomon Franck">Salomon Franck</a>, German lawyer, scientist and poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1725" title="1725">1725</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Beausobre" title="Isaac de Beausobre">Isaac de Beausobre</a>, French Protestant pastor (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Asgill" title="John Asgill">John Asgill</a>, Irish politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1738" title="1738">1738</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Wollaston" title="William Wollaston">William Wollaston</a>, English philosopher (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_8" title="April 8">April 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tancred" title="Christopher Tancred">Christopher Tancred</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1705" title="1705">1705</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albrecht_of_Saxe-Weissenfels" title="Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels">Albrecht of Saxe-Weissenfels</a>, German prince (d. <a href="/wiki/1692" title="1692">1692</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Delaune" title="William Delaune">William Delaune</a>, English academic administrator and clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adam_Ludwig_Lewenhaupt" title="Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt">Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt</a>, Swedish general (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_le_Moyne_de_Sainte-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne" title="Jacques le Moyne de Sainte-Hélène">Jacques le Moyne de Sainte-Hélène</a>, Canadian soldier (d. <a href="/wiki/1690" title="1690">1690</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Elisabet_Brenner" title="Sophia Elisabet Brenner">Sophia Elisabet Brenner</a>, Swedish writer (d. <a href="/wiki/1730" title="1730">1730</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Date_Tsunamura" title="Date Tsunamura">Date Tsunamura</a>, Japanese daimyō at the center of the Date Sōdō (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_4" title="May 4">May 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Dunton" title="John Dunton">John Dunton</a>, English bookseller and author (d. <a href="/wiki/1733" title="1733">1733</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Gregory_(mathematician)" title="David Gregory (mathematician)">David Gregory</a>, Scottish mathematician and astronomer (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_George_Frederick_von_Pfalz-Neuburg" title="Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg">Wolfgang George Frederick von Pfalz-Neuburg</a>, German bishop (d. <a href="/wiki/1683" title="1683">1683</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Thompson_(1659%E2%80%931700)" title="Henry Thompson (1659–1700)">Henry Thompson (1659–1700)</a>, English politician and landowner (d. <a href="/wiki/1700" title="1700">1700</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_11" title="June 11">June 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yamamoto_Tsunetomo" title="Yamamoto Tsunetomo">Yamamoto Tsunetomo</a>, Japanese samurai (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Ramezay" title="Claude de Ramezay">Claude de Ramezay</a>, Canadian politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1724" title="1724">1724</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_22" title="June 22">June 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon-Pierre_Denys_de_Bonaventure" title="Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure">Simon-Pierre Denys de Bonaventure</a>, French officer and governor of Acadia (d. <a href="/wiki/1711" title="1711">1711</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Brownlow,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet">Sir John Brownlow, 3rd Baronet</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1697" title="1697">1697</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franz_Beer" title="Franz Beer">Franz Beer</a>, Austrian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Wolfgang,_Count_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg" title="Albert Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg">Albert Wolfgang, Count of Hohenlohe-Langenburg</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Justus_van_Huysum" title="Justus van Huysum">Justus van Huysum</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1716" title="1716">1716</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Hutton_(1659%E2%80%931731)" title="John Hutton (1659–1731)">John Hutton (1659–1731)</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1731" title="1731">1731</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Wharton" title="Anne Wharton">Anne Wharton</a>, English poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1685" title="1685">1685</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Rigaud" title="Hyacinthe Rigaud">Hyacinthe Rigaud</a>, French painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1743" title="1743">1743</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Noadiah_Russell" title="Noadiah Russell">Noadiah Russell</a>, American colonial clergyman, a founder of Yale University (d. <a href="/wiki/1713" title="1713">1713</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asano_Tsunanaga" title="Asano Tsunanaga">Asano Tsunanaga</a>, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Hiroshima Domain (d. <a href="/wiki/1708" title="1708">1708</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ancillon" title="Charles Ancillon">Charles Ancillon</a>, French Protestant pastor (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastiano_Ricci" title="Sebastiano Ricci">Sebastiano Ricci</a>, Italian painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Archer_(1659%E2%80%931741)" title="Andrew Archer (1659–1741)">Andrew Archer</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1741" title="1741">1741</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Challe" title="Robert Challe">Robert Challe</a>, French colonialist (d. <a href="/wiki/1721" title="1721">1721</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Every" title="Henry Every">Henry Every</a>, English pirate (d. after 1696)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Egidio_Rossi" title="Domenico Egidio Rossi">Domenico Egidio Rossi</a>, Italian architect (d. <a href="/wiki/1715" title="1715">1715</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Sarrazin" title="Michel Sarrazin">Michel Sarrazin</a>, Canadian scientist (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Purcell" title="Henry Purcell">Henry Purcell</a>, English composer (d. <a href="/wiki/1695" title="1695">1695</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Maas" title="Dirk Maas">Dirk Maas</a>, Dutch painter (d. <a href="/wiki/1717" title="1717">1717</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Willem,_Duke_of_W%C3%BCrttemberg-Neuenstadt" title="Ferdinand Willem, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt">Ferdinand Willem, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt</a>, Dutch general and noble (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claud_Hamilton,_4th_Earl_of_Abercorn" title="Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn">Claud Hamilton, 4th Earl of Abercorn</a>, Scottish and Irish peer (k. in action <a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caleb_Banks" title="Caleb Banks">Caleb Banks</a>, English politician (d. <a href="/wiki/1696" title="1696">1696</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Verney,_12th_Baron_Willoughby_de_Broke" title="George Verney, 12th Baron Willoughby de Broke">George Verney, 12th Baron Willoughby de Broke</a>, English peer and clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ernst_Stahl" title="Georg Ernst Stahl">Georg Ernst Stahl</a>, German chemist (d. <a href="/wiki/1734" title="1734">1734</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Brady_(poet)" title="Nicholas Brady (poet)">Nicholas Brady (poet)</a>, English poet and Anglican clergyman (d. <a href="/wiki/1726" title="1726">1726</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hui-bin_Jang" class="mw-redirect" title="Hui-bin Jang">Hui-bin Jang</a>, Korean royal consort (d. <a href="/wiki/1701" title="1701">1701</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Borgard" title="Albert Borgard">Albert Borgard</a>, Danish artillery and engineer officer (d. <a href="/wiki/1751" title="1751">1751</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_19" title="November 19">November 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_de_Valon" title="Jacques-Louis de Valon">Jacques-Louis de Valon</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/wiki/1719" title="1719">1719</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Brereton,_4th_Baron_Brereton" title="John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton">John Brereton, 4th Baron Brereton</a>, Irish peer (d. <a href="/wiki/1718" title="1718">1718</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Galli_Bibiena" title="Francesco Galli Bibiena">Francesco Galli Bibiena</a>, Italian <a href="/wiki/Architect" title="Architect">architect</a>/designer (d. <a href="/wiki/1739" title="1739">1739</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Petit-Didier" title="Matthieu Petit-Didier">Matthieu Petit-Didier</a>, French Benedictine theologian (d. <a href="/wiki/1728" title="1728">1728</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Catrou" title="François Catrou">François Catrou</a>, French historian and Jesuit priest (d. <a href="/wiki/1737" title="1737">1737</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable noprint selfref">Transcluding articles: <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>, <a href="/wiki/1651" title="1651">1651</a>, <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>, <a href="/wiki/1653" title="1653">1653</a>, <a href="/wiki/1654" title="1654">1654</a>, <a href="/wiki/1655" title="1655">1655</a>, <a href="/wiki/1656" title="1656">1656</a>, <a href="/wiki/1657" title="1657">1657</a>, <a href="/wiki/1658" title="1658">1658</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1659" title="1659">1659</a></div> 1650 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/110px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/165px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg/220px-Frans_Hals_-_Portret_van_Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="817" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dorgon,_the_Prince_Rui_(17th_century).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg/110px-Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg/165px-Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg/220px-Dorgon%2C_the_Prince_Rui_%2817th_century%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Prince Dorgon</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_I,_Prince_of_Anhalt-K%C3%B6then" title="Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen">Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen</a>, German prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Rosselli" title="Matteo Rosselli">Matteo Rosselli</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_23" title="January 23">January 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philip_Herbert,_4th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke">Philip Herbert, 4th Earl of Pembroke</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a>, French philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriaen_van_Gaesbeeck" title="Adriaen van Gaesbeeck">Adriaen van Gaesbeeck</a>, Dutch painter of genre subjects and portraits (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Favre_de_Vaugelas" title="Claude Favre de Vaugelas">Claude Favre de Vaugelas</a>, Savoyard grammarian and man of letters (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_8" title="March 8">March 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Tornielli" title="Antonio Tornielli">Antonio Tornielli</a>, Italian Catholic prelate (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Henderson,_5th_of_Fordell" title="John Henderson, 5th of Fordell">John Henderson, 5th of Fordell</a>, Scottish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_16" title="March 16">March 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Elisabeth_of_Brandenburg" title="Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg">Sophie Elisabeth of Brandenburg</a>, Duchess consort of Saxe-Altenburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel,_Duchess_of_Saxe-Altenburg" title="Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg">Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a>, Welsh clergyman and political advisor to King James I (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gueintz" title="Christian Gueintz">Christian Gueintz</a>, German teacher and writer-grammarian (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simonds_d%27Ewes" title="Simonds d'Ewes">Simonds d'Ewes</a>, English antiquarian and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yagy%C5%AB_J%C5%ABbei_Mitsuyoshi" title="Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi">Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephanius" title="Stephanius">Stephanius</a>, Danish historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kan%C5%8D_Naonobu" title="Kanō Naonobu">Kanō Naonobu</a>, Japanese painter of the Kanō school of painting (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Graham,_1st_Marquess_of_Montrose" title="James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose">James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose</a>, Scottish royalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Sacrati" title="Francesco Sacrati">Francesco Sacrati</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michel_Particelli_d%27Emery" title="Michel Particelli d'Emery">Michel Particelli d'Emery</a>, French politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Agnes of Hesse-Kassel">Agnes of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Princess consort of Anhalt-Dessau (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_und_zu_Trauttmansdorff" title="Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff">Maximilian von und zu Trauttmansdorff</a>, Austrian diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christoph_Scheiner" title="Christoph Scheiner">Christoph Scheiner</a>, German astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a> or <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_19" title="June 19">June 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matth%C3%A4us_Merian" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthäus Merian">Matthäus Merian</a>, Swiss engraver (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Philip,_Count_of_Lippe" title="Simon Philip, Count of Lippe">Simon Philip, Count of Lippe</a>-Detmold (1636–1650) (b. <a href="/wiki/1632" title="1632">1632</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel" title="Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel">Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel</a>, Duchess consort of Pomerania (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Rotrou" title="Jean Rotrou">Jean Rotrou</a>, French poet and tragedian (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Cabeo" title="Niccolò Cabeo">Niccolò Cabeo</a>, Italian Jesuit writer, theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marion_Delorme" title="Marion Delorme">Marion Delorme</a>, French courtesan known for her relationships with the important men of her time (b. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaretha_van_Valckenburch" title="Margaretha van Valckenburch">Margaretha van Valckenburch</a>, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (b. <a href="/wiki/1565" title="1565">1565</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Levinz" title="Robert Levinz">Robert Levinz</a>, English Royalist, hanged in London by Parliamentary forces as a spy (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)<a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Parkinson_(botanist)" title="John Parkinson (botanist)">John Parkinson</a>, English herbalist and botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1567" title="1567">1567</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Monti" title="Cesare Monti">Cesare Monti</a>, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sc%C3%A9vole_de_Sainte-Marthe_(1571%E2%80%931650)" title="Scévole de Sainte-Marthe (1571–1650)">Scévole de Sainte-Marthe</a>, French historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Stuart_(daughter_of_Charles_I)" title="Elizabeth Stuart (daughter of Charles I)">Elizabeth Stuart</a>, second daughter of King Charles I of England (b. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(bishop)" title="Ferdinand of Bavaria (bishop)">Ferdinand of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Josias_von_Rantzau" title="Josias von Rantzau">Josias von Rantzau</a>, Marshal of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Valois,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême">Charles de Valois, Duke of Angoulême</a>, son of Charles IX of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Quaresmius" title="Franciscus Quaresmius">Franciscus Quaresmius</a>, Italian writer and orientalist (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Calderwood" title="David Calderwood">David Calderwood</a>, Scottish historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_II,_Prince_of_Orange" title="William II, Prince of Orange">William II, Prince of Orange</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardoso_(composer)" title="Manuel Cardoso (composer)">Manuel Cardoso</a>, Portuguese composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1566" title="1566">1566</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_13" title="December 13">December 13</a> – (bapt.) <a href="/wiki/Phineas_Fletcher" title="Phineas Fletcher">Phineas Fletcher</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dorgon" title="Dorgon">Dorgon</a>, Manchu prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Catalina_de_Erauso" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalina de Erauso">Catalina de Erauso</a>, Spanish-Mexican nun and soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C3%A7i_Bey" title="Koçi Bey">Koçi Bey</a>, Ottoman man of letters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdalena_Andersdotter" title="Magdalena Andersdotter">Magdalena Andersdotter</a>, Norwegian-Faroese shipowner (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teofila_Chmielecka" title="Teofila Chmielecka">Teofila Chmielecka</a>, Polish military wife (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> 1651 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iemitu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Iemitu.jpg/110px-Iemitu.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Iemitu.jpg/165px-Iemitu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Iemitu.jpg/220px-Iemitu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3225" data-file-height="2629" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg/110px-Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg/165px-Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg/220px-Philippus_Rovenius_door_Pieter_de_Grebber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="954" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Philippus_Rovenius" title="Philippus Rovenius">Philippus Rovenius</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>January – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Greene_(governor)" title="Thomas Greene (governor)">Thomas Greene</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Maryland" title="List of colonial governors of Maryland">Colonial governor of Maryland</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Phocylides_Holwarda" title="Johannes Phocylides Holwarda">Johannes Phocylides Holwarda</a>, Dutch astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Colmenares" title="Diego de Colmenares">Diego de Colmenares</a>, Spanish historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erdmann_August_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" class="mw-redirect" title="Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth</a>, Hereditary Margrave (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Newport,_1st_Baron_Newport" title="Richard Newport, 1st Baron Newport">Richard Newport, 1st Baron Newport</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_9" title="February 9">February 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herman_Krefting" title="Herman Krefting">Herman Krefting</a>, Norwegian businessman (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_11" title="March 11">March 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alvise_Contarini_(diplomat)" title="Alvise Contarini (diplomat)">Alvise Contarini</a>, Italian diplomat, nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1" title="April 1">April 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_of_Hesse-Braubach" title="John of Hesse-Braubach">John of Hesse-Braubach</a>, German general (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lennart_Torstensson" title="Lennart Torstensson">Lennart Torstensson</a>, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (b. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Airmine,_1st_Baronet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet">Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_of_Solms-Laubach" title="Sophie of Solms-Laubach">Sophie of Solms-Laubach</a>, wife of Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeane_Gardiner" title="Jeane Gardiner">Jeane Gardiner</a>, British woman executed for witchcraft in Bermuda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grey,_10th_Earl_of_Kent" title="Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent">Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Iemitsu" title="Tokugawa Iemitsu">Tokugawa Iemitsu</a>, Japanese shōgun (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_North_(died_1651)" title="Roger North (died 1651)">Roger North</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Piccolomini_(Jesuit)" title="Francesco Piccolomini (Jesuit)">Francesco Piccolomini</a>, Italian Jesuit (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dina_Vinhofvers" title="Dina Vinhofvers">Dina Vinhofvers</a>, Danish alleged conspirator (b. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Anna_Vasa" title="Maria Anna Vasa">Maria Anna Vasa</a>, Polish princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_2" title="August 2">August 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ercole,_Marquis_of_Baux" title="Ercole, Marquis of Baux">Ercole, Marquis of Baux</a>, member of the House of Grimaldi (b. <a href="/wiki/1623" title="1623">1623</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Countess_Amalie_Elisabeth_of_Hanau-M%C3%BCnzenberg" title="Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg">Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg</a>, regent of Hesse-Kassel (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_16" title="August 16">August 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Benedetto_de_Sio" title="Filippo Benedetto de Sio">Filippo Benedetto de Sio</a>, Italian Catholic prelate and bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jeremi_Wi%C5%9Bniowiecki" title="Jeremi Wiśniowiecki">Jeremi Wiśniowiecki</a>, Polish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6sem_Sultan" title="Kösem Sultan">Kösem Sultan</a>, regent of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widdrington,_1st_Baron_Widdrington" title="William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington">William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington</a>, English landowner, politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_10" title="September 10">September 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yui_Sh%C5%8Dsetsu" title="Yui Shōsetsu">Yui Shōsetsu</a>, Japanese rebel (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_12" title="September 12">September 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Castello" title="Félix Castello">Félix Castello</a>, Spanish artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Hamilton,_2nd_Duke_of_Hamilton" title="William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton">William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton</a>, Scottish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_18" title="September 18">September 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henriette_Marie_of_the_Palatinate" title="Henriette Marie of the Palatinate">Henriette Marie of the Palatinate</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Pascal" title="Étienne Pascal">Étienne Pascal</a>, French mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marubashi_Ch%C5%ABya" title="Marubashi Chūya">Marubashi Chūya</a>, Japanese rebel</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_I,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria">Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Camerarius" title="Ludwig Camerarius">Ludwig Camerarius</a>, German politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Albert_(composer)" title="Heinrich Albert (composer)">Heinrich Albert</a>, German composer and poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Sirmond" title="Jacques Sirmond">Jacques Sirmond</a>, French Jesuit scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1559" title="1559">1559</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Elzevir" title="Isaac Elzevir">Isaac Elzevir</a>, Dutch printer and publisher (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Catherine_Constance_Vasa" title="Anna Catherine Constance Vasa">Anna Catherine Constance Vasa</a>, Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippus_Rovenius" title="Philippus Rovenius">Philippus Rovenius</a>, Dutch priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Stanley,_7th_Earl_of_Derby" title="James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby">James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Job_of_Pochayiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Job of Pochayiv">Saint Job of Pochayiv</a>, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1551" title="1551">1551</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_Potocki" title="Mikołaj Potocki">Mikołaj Potocki</a>, Polish soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_22" title="November 22">November 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Scott,_2nd_Earl_of_Buccleuch" title="Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch">Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch</a>, son of Walter Scott (b. <a href="/wiki/1626" title="1626">1626</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ireton" title="Henry Ireton">Henry Ireton</a>, English Civil War leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_14" title="December 14">December 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dupuy_(scholar)" title="Pierre Dupuy (scholar)">Pierre Dupuy</a>, French scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Centurione_Bracelli" title="Virginia Centurione Bracelli">Virginia Centurione Bracelli</a>, Italian saint (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anna_Amalia_of_Baden-Durlach" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach">Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach</a>, Regent of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_18" title="December 18">December 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Brabazon,_1st_Earl_of_Meath" title="William Brabazon, 1st Earl of Meath">William Brabazon, 1st Earl of Meath</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Bacharach" title="Eva Bacharach">Eva Bacharach</a>, Bohemian Hebraist (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulia_Tofana" title="Giulia Tofana">Giulia Tofana</a>, Italian poisoner (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang%C3%A9lique_Paulet" title="Angélique Paulet">Angélique Paulet</a>, French salonnière, singer, musician and actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helena_Czapli%C5%84ska" title="Helena Czaplińska">Helena Czaplińska</a>, Ukrainian Hetmana</li></ul></li></ul> 1652 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg/110px-WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg/165px-WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg/220px-WLANL_-_M.arjon_-_Portret_Eva_Ment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1990" data-file-height="2645" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eva_Ment" title="Eva Ment">Eva Ment</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg/110px-John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg/165px-John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg/220px-John_Cotton_by_Smibert.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_(minister)" title="John Cotton (minister)">John Cotton</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_19" title="January 19">January 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vilem_Slavata_of_Chlum" class="mw-redirect" title="Vilem Slavata of Chlum">Vilem Slavata of Chlum</a>, Czech nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_30" title="January 30">January 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_de_La_Tour" title="Georges de La Tour">Georges de La Tour</a>, French Baroque painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregorio_Allegri" title="Gregorio Allegri">Gregorio Allegri</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_28" title="February 28">February 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arcangela_Tarabotti" title="Arcangela Tarabotti">Arcangela Tarabotti</a>, Venetian nun and feminist (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_12" title="March 12">March 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Gottifredi" title="Aloysius Gottifredi">Aloysius Gottifredi</a>, Italian Jesuit (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Bramer" title="Benjamin Bramer">Benjamin Bramer</a>, German mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_13" title="April 13">April 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georges_Fournier_(Jesuit)" title="Georges Fournier (Jesuit)">Georges Fournier</a>, French Jesuit mathematician and geographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Howard,_22nd_Earl_of_Arundel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel">Henry Howard, 22nd Earl of Arundel</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jesper_Brochmand" title="Jesper Brochmand">Jesper Brochmand</a>, Danish bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_21" title="April 21">April 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Della_Valle" title="Pietro Della Valle">Pietro Della Valle</a>, Italian traveller (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Camus" title="Jean-Pierre Camus">Jean-Pierre Camus</a>, French Catholic bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> (bur.) – <a href="/wiki/Eva_Ment" title="Eva Ment">Eva Ment</a>, Dutch culture personality (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Buteux" title="Jacques Buteux">Jacques Buteux</a>, French missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Nompar_de_Caumont,_duc_de_La_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force">Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force</a>, Marshal of France (b. <a href="/wiki/1558" title="1558">1558</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marek_Sobieski_(1628%E2%80%931652)" title="Marek Sobieski (1628–1652)">Marek Sobieski</a>, Polish noble (szlachcic) (b. <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Sophie_of_Anhalt" title="Anna Sophie of Anhalt">Anna Sophie of Anhalt</a>, German noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dolbeau" title="Jean Dolbeau">Jean Dolbeau</a>, French missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Casimir,_Count_Palatine_of_Kleeburg" title="John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg">John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg</a>, son of John I (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Inigo_Jones" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a>, English architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)<a href="#cite_note-160">[159]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_von_Franckenberg" title="Abraham von Franckenberg">Abraham von Franckenberg</a>, German writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Otto_Heurnius" title="Otto Heurnius">Otto Heurnius</a>, Dutch physician and philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Chrysostomus_vander_Sterre" title="Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre">Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre</a>, Dutch abbot, ecclesiastical writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura_Peeters_the_Elder" title="Bonaventura Peeters the Elder">Bonaventura Peeters the Elder</a>, Flemish marine painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Amadeus,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours">Charles Amadeus, Duke of Nemours</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1624" title="1624">1624</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_9" title="August 9">August 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Maurice_de_La_Tour_d%27Auvergne" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne">Frédéric Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne</a>, prince of the independent <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Sedan" title="Principality of Sedan">principality of Sedan</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Gaston,_Duke_of_Valois" title="Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois">Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1650" title="1650">1650</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Elzevir" title="Abraham Elzevir">Abraham Elzevir</a>, Dutch printer (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_18" title="August 18">August 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florimond_de_Beaune" title="Florimond de Beaune">Florimond de Beaune</a>, French mathematician and jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_De_la_Gardie" title="Jacob De la Gardie">Jacob De la Gardie</a>, Swedish soldier and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Byron,_1st_Baron_Byron" title="John Byron, 1st Baron Byron">John Byron, 1st Baron Byron</a>, English royalist politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2" title="September 2">September 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jusepe_de_Ribera" title="Jusepe de Ribera">Jusepe de Ribera</a>, Spanish Tenebrist painter and printmaker (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Alegambe" title="Philippe Alegambe">Philippe Alegambe</a>, Belgian Jesuit priest and bibliographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Young" title="Patrick Young">Patrick Young</a>, Scottish librarian (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_16" title="September 16">September 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Roma" title="Giulio Roma">Giulio Roma</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sumitomo_Masatomo" title="Sumitomo Masatomo">Sumitomo Masatomo</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Greaves" title="John Greaves">John Greaves</a>, English mathematician and antiquarian (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bouthillier,_comte_de_Chavigny" title="Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny">Léon Bouthillier, comte de Chavigny</a>, French politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Coello" title="Antonio Coello">Antonio Coello</a>, Spanish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Charles_della_Faille" title="Jean-Charles della Faille">Jean-Charles della Faille</a>, Belgian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_of_Nassau-Siegen_(1611%E2%80%931652)" title="Henry of Nassau-Siegen (1611–1652)">Henry of Nassau-Siegen</a>, German count, officer in the Dutch Army, diplomat for the Dutch Republic (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_11" title="November 11">November 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bridgeman_(bishop)" title="John Bridgeman (bishop)">John Bridgeman</a>, British bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Bro%C5%BCek" title="Jan Brożek">Jan Brożek</a>, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denis_P%C3%A9tau" title="Denis Pétau">Denis Pétau</a>, French theologian and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_23" title="December 23">December 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cotton_(minister)" title="John Cotton (minister)">John Cotton</a>, founder of Boston, Massachusetts (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Gysius" title="Johannes Gysius">Johannes Gysius</a> – Dutch historian (b. circa <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Luarsab_of_Kartli" title="Prince Luarsab of Kartli">Prince Luarsab of Kartli</a> – heir apparent to the throne of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kartli" title="Kingdom of Kartli">Kingdom of Kartli</a></li></ul></li></ul> 1653 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif/lossy-page1-110px-Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif/lossy-page1-165px-Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Amiral_Jan_van_Galen_-_Skoklosters_slott_-_99598.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3347" data-file-height="4741" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Galen" title="Johan van Galen">Johan van Galen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/110px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/165px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg/220px-Maarten_Harpertszoon_Tromp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1015" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maarten_Tromp" title="Maarten Tromp">Maarten Tromp</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_14" title="January 14">January 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Rudolf_of_Liegnitz" title="George Rudolf of Liegnitz">George Rudolf of Liegnitz</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_21" title="January 21">January 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Digby,_1st_Earl_of_Bristol" title="John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol">John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol</a>, English diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Rudolf_Weckherlin" title="Georg Rudolf Weckherlin">Georg Rudolf Weckherlin</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Schultz_(composer)" title="Johannes Schultz (composer)">Johannes Schultz</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1582" title="1582">1582</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Rossi" title="Luigi Rossi">Luigi Rossi</a>, Italian composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adriaan_Pauw" title="Adriaan Pauw">Adriaan Pauw</a>, Grand Pensionary of Holland (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Diego_L%C3%B3pez_Pacheco,_7th_Duke_of_Escalona" title="Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona">Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona</a>, Spanish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Dicastillo" title="Juan de Dicastillo">Juan de Dicastillo</a>, Spanish theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Galen" title="Johan van Galen">Johan van Galen</a>, Dutch naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_13" title="May 13">May 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teod%C3%B3sio,_Prince_of_Brazil" title="Teodósio, Prince of Brazil">Teodósio, Prince of Brazil</a>, Portuguese prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1634" title="1634">1634</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Filmer" title="Robert Filmer">Robert Filmer</a>, English writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – Count <a href="/wiki/John_Louis_of_Nassau-Hadamar" title="John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar">John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Martyn" title="Nicholas Martyn">Nicholas Martyn</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Miko%C5%82aj_%C5%81%C4%99czycki" title="Mikołaj Łęczycki">Mikołaj Łęczycki</a>, Polish Jesuit (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_20" title="April 20">April 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Celestyn_My%C5%9Blenta" title="Celestyn Myślenta">Celestyn Myślenta</a>, Polish theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Faber" title="Matthias Faber">Matthias Faber</a>, German Jesuit priest and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_11" title="May 11">May 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Petronio_Veroni" title="Petronio Veroni">Petronio Veroni</a>, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Boiano (1652–1653) (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lucretia,_Duchess_of_Cieszyn" title="Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn">Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn</a>, Duchess suo jure of Cieszyn (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Baldissera_Bartolomeo_Cornaro" title="Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro">Federico Baldissera Bartolomeo Cornaro</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Morell" title="Juliana Morell">Juliana Morell</a>, Spanish-French scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Naud%C3%A9" title="Gabriel Naudé">Gabriel Naudé</a>, French librarian and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dudley" title="Thomas Dudley">Thomas Dudley</a>, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. <a href="/wiki/1576" title="1576">1576</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Tromp" title="Maarten Tromp">Maarten Tromp</a>, Dutch admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Pl%C3%B6tzkau" title="Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau">Augustus, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau</a>, German prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claudius_Salmasius" title="Claudius Salmasius">Claudius Salmasius</a>, French classical scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_14" title="September 14">September 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Wilhelm,_Count_Palatine_of_Neuburg" title="Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg">Wolfgang Wilhelm, Count Palatine of Neuburg</a>, Duke of Jülich and Berg (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_26" title="September 26">September 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_l%27Aubespine,_marquis_de_Ch%C3%A2teauneuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles de l'Aubespine, marquis de Châteauneuf">Charles de l'Aubespine, marquis de Châteauneuf</a>, French diplomat and government official (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Zuerius_van_Boxhorn" title="Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn">Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn</a>, Dutch scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Poli" title="Fausto Poli">Fausto Poli</a>, Italian Catholic prelate and cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_22" title="October 22">October 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_de_Critz" title="Thomas de Critz">Thomas de Critz</a>, British artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_25" title="October 25">October 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav,_Count_of_Vasaborg" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav, Count of Vasaborg">Gustav, Count of Vasaborg</a>, illegitimate son of King Gustavus Adolphus and his mistress <a href="/wiki/Margareta_Slots" title="Margareta Slots">Margareta Slots</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_17" title="November 17">November 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joana,_Princess_of_Beira" title="Joana, Princess of Beira">Joana, Princess of Beira</a>, Portuguese infanta (princess) (b. <a href="/wiki/1635" title="1635">1635</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_7" title="December 7">December 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Crocius" title="Ludwig Crocius">Ludwig Crocius</a>, German Calvinist minister (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg" title="Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg">Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg</a>, Duchess consort of Pomerania (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Rinuccini" title="Giovanni Battista Rinuccini">Giovanni Battista Rinuccini</a>, archbishop of Fermo (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li>date unknown <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucrezia_Marinella" title="Lucrezia Marinella">Lucrezia Marinella</a>, Italian poet and author (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusepa_Vaca" title="Jusepa Vaca">Jusepa Vaca</a>, Spanish stage actress (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantia_Zierenberg" title="Constantia Zierenberg">Constantia Zierenberg</a>, German-Polish singer (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Skutt" title="George Skutt">George Skutt</a>, English merchant and politician</li></ul></li></ul> 1654 <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg/110px-Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg/165px-Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg/220px-Bartholomeus_van_der_Helst_-_Paul_Potter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1502" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paulus_Potter" title="Paulus Potter">Paulus Potter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/110px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/165px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/220px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1755" data-file-height="1610" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Emperor Go-Kōmyō</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_10" title="January 10">January 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Culpeper" title="Nicholas Culpeper">Nicholas Culpeper</a>, English botanist (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Potter" title="Paulus Potter">Paulus Potter</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Mochi" title="Francesco Mochi">Francesco Mochi</a>, Italian early-Baroque sculptor (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luca_Ferrari" title="Luca Ferrari">Luca Ferrari</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Guez_de_Balzac" title="Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac">Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gottlieb,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Pl%C3%B6tzkau" title="Ernest Gottlieb, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau">Ernest Gottlieb, Prince of Anhalt-Plötzkau</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1620" title="1620">1620</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Balen" title="Jan van Balen">Jan van Balen</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Guiton" title="Jean Guiton">Jean Guiton</a>, French Huguenot ship owner (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Norinaga" title="Matsudaira Norinaga">Matsudaira Norinaga</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_de_Mayerne" title="Théodore de Mayerne">Théodore de Mayerne</a>, Swiss physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Scheidt" title="Samuel Scheidt">Samuel Scheidt</a>, German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Ludwik_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł">Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł</a>, Polish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Trigland" title="Jacobus Trigland">Jacobus Trigland</a>, Dutch theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qadiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qadiri">Muhammad Qadiri</a>, Punjabi founder of the Naushahia branch of the Qadri Order (b. <a href="/wiki/1552" title="1552">1552</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Poole" title="Elizabeth Poole">Elizabeth Poole</a>, English settler in Plymouth Colony (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_31" title="May 31">May 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_Guarinonius" title="Hippolytus Guarinonius">Hippolytus Guarinonius</a>, Italian physician and polymath (b. <a href="/wiki/1571" title="1571">1571</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_10" title="June 10">June 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Algardi" title="Alessandro Algardi">Alessandro Algardi</a>, Italian sculptor and architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_14" title="June 14">June 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A1niel_Esterh%C3%A1zy_(1585%E2%80%931654)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dániel Esterházy (1585–1654)">Dániel Esterházy</a>, Hungarian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Valentinus_Andreae" title="Johannes Valentinus Andreae">Johannes Valentinus Andreae</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_IV,_King_of_the_Romans" title="Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans">Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">July 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orazio_Grassi" title="Orazio Grassi">Orazio Grassi</a>, Italian Jesuit priest, architect and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_12" title="August 12">August 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Haga" title="Cornelius Haga">Cornelius Haga</a>, Dutch diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yom-Tov_Lipmann_Heller" title="Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller">Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller</a>, Bohemian rabbi and liturgical poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_28" title="August 28">August 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Axel_Oxenstierna" title="Axel Oxenstierna">Axel Oxenstierna</a>, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden since <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wouter_van_Twiller" title="Wouter van Twiller">Wouter van Twiller</a>, Director-General of New Netherland from 1633 until 1638 (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ole_Worm" title="Ole Worm">Ole Worm</a>, Danish physician and antiquary (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_6" title="September 6">September 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_I,_Count_Palatine_of_Birkenfeld-Bischweiler" title="Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler">Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler</a> (1600–1654) (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a>, Spanish Jesuit priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis,_Duke_of_Joyeuse" title="Louis, Duke of Joyeuse">Louis, Duke of Joyeuse</a>, younger son of Charles (b. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_John_II,_Count_Palatine_of_L%C3%BCtzelstein-Guttenberg" title="George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg">George John II, Count Palatine of Lützelstein-Guttenberg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carel_Fabritius" title="Carel Fabritius">Carel Fabritius</a>, Dutch artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hercule,_Duke_of_Montbazon" title="Hercule, Duke of Montbazon">Hercule, Duke of Montbazon</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1568" title="1568">1568</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jervoise_(died_1654)" title="Thomas Jervoise (died 1654)">Sir Thomas Jervoise</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Emperor Go-Kōmyō</a> of Japan (b. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Meulener" title="Pieter Meulener">Pieter Meulener</a>, Flemish Baroque painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Altieri" title="Giambattista Altieri">Giambattista Altieri</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_30" title="November 30">November 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Selden" title="John Selden">John Selden</a>, English jurist (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Habington" title="William Habington">William Habington</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Mikalja" title="Jakov Mikalja">Jakov Mikalja</a>, Italian linguist and lexicographer (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Christopher_Yelverton,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Christopher Yelverton, 1st Baronet">Sir Christopher Yelverton, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sarrazin" title="Jean François Sarrazin">Jean François Sarrazin</a>, French writer (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Isham" title="Elizabeth Isham">Elizabeth Isham</a>, English diarist (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li></ul> 1655 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma,_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/110px-Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/165px-Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg/220px-Retrato_del_Papa_Inocencio_X._Roma%2C_by_Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4545" data-file-height="5799" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eustache_le_sueur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Eustache_le_sueur.jpg/110px-Eustache_le_sueur.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Eustache_le_sueur.jpg/165px-Eustache_le_sueur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Eustache_le_sueur.jpg/220px-Eustache_le_sueur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Eustache_Le_Sueur" title="Eustache Le Sueur">Eustache Le Sueur</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukita_Hideie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ukita_Hideie.jpg/110px-Ukita_Hideie.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ukita_Hideie.jpg/165px-Ukita_Hideie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Ukita_Hideie.jpg/220px-Ukita_Hideie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="420" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ukita_Hideie" title="Ukita Hideie">Ukita Hideie</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_6" title="January 6">January 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philip,_Count_Palatine_of_Simmern-Kaiserslautern" title="Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern">Louis Philip, Count Palatine of Simmern-Kaiserslautern</a>, Prince of Paltinate (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)<a href="#cite_note-161">[160]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_X" title="Pope Innocent X">Pope Innocent X</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)<a href="#cite_note-162">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pier_Luigi_Carafa_(1581%E2%80%931655)" title="Pier Luigi Carafa (1581–1655)">Pier Luigi Carafa</a>, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)<a href="#cite_note-163">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_21" title="February 21">February 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_X_of_Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp" title="John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp">John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp</a>, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck (1634–1655) (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)<a href="#cite_note-164">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Heinsius" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Heinsius">Daniel Heinsius</a>, Flemish scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)<a href="#cite_note-165">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Molin" title="Francesco Molin">Francesco Molin</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1575" title="1575">1575</a>)<a href="#cite_note-166">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_28" title="March 28">March 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eleonora_of_Brandenburg" title="Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg">Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg</a>, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)<a href="#cite_note-167">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_30" title="March 30">March 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Stewart,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond" title="James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond">James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)<a href="#cite_note-168">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_6" title="April 6">April 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Blondel" title="David Blondel">David Blondel</a>, French Protestant clergyman (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)<a href="#cite_note-169">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johann_Erasmus_Kindermann" title="Johann Erasmus Kindermann">Johann Erasmus Kindermann</a>, German composer and organist (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)<a href="#cite_note-170">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Schut" title="Cornelis Schut">Cornelis Schut</a>, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)<a href="#cite_note-171">[170]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eustache_Le_Sueur" title="Eustache Le Sueur">Eustache Le Sueur</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)<a href="#cite_note-172">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_5" title="May 5">May 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harrison_(Royalist)" title="Richard Harrison (Royalist)">Richard Harrison</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_8" title="May 8">May 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Winslow" title="Edward Winslow">Edward Winslow</a>, American Pilgrim leader (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)<a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_30" title="May 30">May 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian,_Margrave_of_Brandenburg-Bayreuth" title="Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth">Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Savoy,_Vicereine_of_Portugal" title="Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal">Margaret of Savoy, Vicereine of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)<a href="#cite_note-175">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Gonzaga_(1598%E2%80%931655)" title="Eleonora Gonzaga (1598–1655)">Eleonora Gonzaga</a>, Holy Roman Empress, married to <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_30" title="June 30">June 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Boonen" title="Jacobus Boonen">Jacobus Boonen</a>, Dutch Catholic archbishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Rainaldi" title="Girolamo Rainaldi">Girolamo Rainaldi</a>, Italian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1570" title="1570">1570</a>)<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyrano_de_Bergerac" title="Cyrano de Bergerac">Cyrano de Bergerac</a>, French soldier and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)<a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Sh%C5%8Dsan" title="Suzuki Shōsan">Suzuki Shōsan</a>, Japanese samurai (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Theophil_Staden" title="Sigmund Theophil Staden">Sigmund Theophil Staden</a>, important early German composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_de_la_Cueva,_1st_Marquis_of_Bedmar" title="Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar">Alfonso de la Cueva, 1st Marquis of Bedmar</a>, Spanish cardinal and diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)<a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Tristan_l%27Hermite" title="François Tristan l'Hermite">François Tristan l'Hermite</a>, French dramatist (b. 1601)<a href="#cite_note-182">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Eschwege" title="Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege">Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)<a href="#cite_note-183">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobie_Matthew" title="Tobie Matthew">Tobie Matthew</a>, English Member of Parliament (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)<a href="#cite_note-184">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_M%C3%B6ller" title="Arnold Möller">Arnold Möller</a>, German calligrapher (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)<a href="#cite_note-185">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Solomon_Delmedigo" title="Joseph Solomon Delmedigo">Joseph Solomon Delmedigo</a>, Italian physician, mathematician and music theorist (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)<a href="#cite_note-186">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_L%C3%BCtkemann" title="Joachim Lütkemann">Joachim Lütkemann</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_24" title="October 24">October 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gassendi" title="Pierre Gassendi">Pierre Gassendi</a>, French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paulus_Aertsz_van_Ravesteyn" title="Paulus Aertsz van Ravesteyn">Paulus Aertsz van Ravesteyn</a>, Dutch printer (born c. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian,_Prince_of_Dietrichstein" title="Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein">Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein</a>, German prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_16" title="November 16">November 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Marcin%C3%B2" title="Giuseppe Marcinò">Giuseppe Marcinò</a>, Italian priest, member of the Order of Friars Minor (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)<a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Wriothesley,_Countess_of_Southampton" title="Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton">Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_28" title="November 28">November 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Oglander" title="John Oglander">John Oglander</a>, English politicians (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ukita_Hideie" title="Ukita Hideie">Ukita Hideie</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1573" title="1573">1573</a>)<a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gregers_Krabbe" title="Gregers Krabbe">Gregers Krabbe</a>, Danish noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tsugaru_Nobuyoshi" title="Tsugaru Nobuyoshi">Tsugaru Nobuyoshi</a>, Japanese daimyō (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_John_Wray,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet">Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)<a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a></li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Kocc_Barma_Fall" title="Kocc Barma Fall">Kocc Barma Fall</a>, Senegambian philosopher (b. 1586)<a href="#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a></li></ul> 1656 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/110px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/165px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg/220px-Terborch_Goyenuv_portret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Goyen" title="Jan van Goyen">Jan van Goyen</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rubens_John,_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg/110px-Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg/165px-Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg/220px-Rubens_John%2C_Duke_of_Braganza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="564" data-file-height="871" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">John IV of Portugal</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_3" title="January 3">January 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Mol%C3%A9" title="Mathieu Molé">Mathieu Molé</a>, French statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Augustus,_Duke_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg">Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis,_Prince_of_Carignano" title="Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano">Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferdinando_Hastings,_6th_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon">Ferdinando Hastings, 6th Earl of Huntingdon</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henriette_Catherine_de_Joyeuse" title="Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse">Henriette Catherine de Joyeuse</a>, Duke of Joyeuse (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meleki_Hatun" title="Meleki Hatun">Meleki Hatun</a>, influential Ottoman lady-in-waiting (killed by rebels)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_21" title="March 21">March 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Ussher" title="James Ussher">James Ussher</a>, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_19" title="March 19">March 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Calixtus" title="Georg Calixtus">Georg Calixtus</a>, German Lutheran theologian who looked to reconcile all Christendom (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Arciszewski" title="Krzysztof Arciszewski">Krzysztof Arciszewski</a>, Polish-Lithuanian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Pietersz_Hulft" title="Gerard Pietersz Hulft">Gerard Pietersz Hulft</a>, Dutch general (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fincke" title="Thomas Fincke">Thomas Fincke</a>, Danish mathematician and physicist (b. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_27" title="April 27">April 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Goyen" title="Jan van Goyen">Jan van Goyen</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Contarini" title="Carlo Contarini">Carlo Contarini</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_17" title="May 17">May 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dirck_Hals" title="Dirck Hals">Dirck Hals</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Louis,_Prince_of_Nassau-Dillenburg" title="George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg">George Louis, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg</a>, German noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cornaro_(Doge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Cornaro (Doge)">Francesco Cornaro</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tomkins" title="Thomas Tomkins">Thomas Tomkins</a>, Welsh-born composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1572" title="1572">1572</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Worsley" title="Charles Worsley">Charles Worsley</a>, English soldier and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_van_der_Sandt" title="Maximilian van der Sandt">Maximilian van der Sandt</a>, Dutch theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie,_comte_de_Broglie" title="François-Marie, comte de Broglie">François-Marie, comte de Broglie</a>, Italian-born French commander (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Giacomo_Barbelli" title="Giovanni Giacomo Barbelli">Giovanni Giacomo Barbelli</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A1s_Garcia_de_Mascarenhas" title="Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas">Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas</a>, Portuguese soldier, poet and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_11" title="August 11">August 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ottavio_Piccolomini" title="Ottavio Piccolomini">Ottavio Piccolomini</a>, Austrian-Italian field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Anne_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Marie Anne d'Orléans">Marie Anne d'Orléans</a>, French princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1652" title="1652">1652</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aegidius_Gelenius" title="Aegidius Gelenius">Aegidius Gelenius</a>, German heraldist (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hall_(bishop)" title="Joseph Hall (bishop)">Joseph Hall</a>, English bishop and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1574" title="1574">1574</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christian_II,_Prince_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg">Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg</a> since 1630 (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li>October – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bachiler" title="Stephen Bachiler">Stephen Bachiler</a>, English clergyman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Myles_Standish" title="Myles Standish">Myles Standish</a>, Mayflower colonist (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_George_I,_Elector_of_Saxony" title="John George I, Elector of Saxony">John George I, Elector of Saxony</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Alonso_y_Oc%C3%B3n" title="Juan Alonso y Ocón">Juan Alonso y Ocón</a>, Spanish Catholic prelate, Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Tellez-Gir%C3%B3n_y_Enriquez_de_Ribera,_4th_Duke_of_Osuna" title="Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna">Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_30" title="October 30">October 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ferruccio_Baffa_Trasci" title="Ferruccio Baffa Trasci">Ferruccio Baffa Trasci</a>, Italian bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> <ul><li>King <a href="/wiki/John_IV_of_Portugal" title="John IV of Portugal">John IV of Portugal</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Morin_(mathematician)" title="Jean-Baptiste Morin (mathematician)">Jean-Baptiste Morin</a>, French mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_12" title="November 12">November 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albrycht_Stanis%C5%82aw_Radziwi%C5%82%C5%82" title="Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł">Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł</a>, Polish nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hendrick_van_Anthonissen" title="Hendrick van Anthonissen">Hendrick van Anthonissen</a>, Dutch painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_2" title="December 2">December 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_dal_Borro" title="Alessandro dal Borro">Alessandro dal Borro</a>, Austrian field marshal (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/David_Beck" title="David Beck">David Beck</a>, Dutch portrait painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Trevor_(1586%E2%80%931656)" title="Thomas Trevor (1586–1656)">Thomas Trevor</a>, English politician and judge (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_27" title="December 27">December 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrew_White_(Jesuit)" title="Andrew White (Jesuit)">Andrew White</a>, Apostle of Maryland (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_28" title="December 28">December 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laurent_de_La_Hyre" title="Laurent de La Hyre">Laurent de La Hyre</a>, French Baroque painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li>Date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Calcese" title="Andrea Calcese">Andrea Calcese</a>, Italian Baroque era comic actor (plague) (b. 1595)</li></ul> 1657 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Blake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Blake.jpg/110px-Robert_Blake.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Blake.jpg/165px-Robert_Blake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Robert_Blake.jpg/220px-Robert_Blake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="3996" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png/110px-Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png/165px-Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png/220px-Jacob_van_Campen_-_Afbeeldingen_Stadhuis_Amsterdam.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="1195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Campen" title="Jacob van Campen">Jacob van Campen</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude,_Duke_of_Chevreuse" title="Claude, Duke of Chevreuse">Claude, Duke of Chevreuse</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2" title="February 2">February 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicole,_Duchess_of_Lorraine" title="Nicole, Duchess of Lorraine">Nicole, Duchess of Lorraine</a>, French noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Dandini" title="Cesare Dandini">Cesare Dandini</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_8" title="February 8">February 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Laura_Mancini" title="Laura Mancini">Laura Mancini</a>, French court beauty (b. <a href="/wiki/1636" title="1636">1636</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_10" title="February 10">February 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Stoskopff" title="Sebastian Stoskopff">Sebastian Stoskopff</a>, French painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Riolan_the_Younger" title="Jean Riolan the Younger">Jean Riolan the Younger</a>, French anatomist (b. <a href="/wiki/1577" title="1577">1577</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March" title="March">March</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hopkins" title="Edward Hopkins">Edward Hopkins</a>, colonial Connecticut politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_7" title="March 7">March 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hayashi_Razan" title="Hayashi Razan">Hayashi Razan</a>, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barthold_Nihus" title="Barthold Nihus">Barthold Nihus</a>, Roman Catholic priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li>April ? – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lovelace_(poet)" title="Richard Lovelace (poet)">Richard Lovelace</a>, English Cavalier poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1617" title="1617">1617</a>)<a href="#cite_note-198">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Olier" title="Jean-Jacques Olier">Jean-Jacques Olier</a>, French Catholic priest (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Elisabeth_Pentz" title="Sophie Elisabeth Pentz">Sophie Elisabeth Pentz</a>, daughter of Christian IV of Denmark (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_7" title="May 7">May 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nabeshima_Katsushige" title="Nabeshima Katsushige">Nabeshima Katsushige</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_9" title="May 9">May 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Plymouth_Colony_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bradford (Plymouth Colony governor)">William Bradford</a>, Governor of Plymouth Colony (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_10" title="May 10">May 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Horn,_Count_of_Pori" title="Gustav Horn, Count of Pori">Gustav Horn, Count of Pori</a>, Swedish soldier and politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Bobola" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrzej Bobola">Andrzej Bobola</a>, Polish Jesuit missionary (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Harvey" title="William Harvey">William Harvey</a>, English physician (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_26" title="June 26">June 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tobias_Michael" title="Tobias Michael">Tobias Michael</a>, German composer and cantor (b. <a href="/wiki/1592" title="1592">1592</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eleonore_Marie_of_Anhalt-Bernburg" title="Eleonore Marie of Anhalt-Bernburg">Eleonore Marie of Anhalt-Bernburg</a>, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>, Ukrainian Cossack Hetman (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_14" title="August 14">August 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris" title="Giovanni Paolo Lascaris">Giovanni Paolo Lascaris</a>, Italian 57th Grandmaster of the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1560" title="1560">1560</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frans_Snyders" title="Frans Snyders">Frans Snyders</a>, Flemish painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Blake_(admiral)" title="Robert Blake (admiral)">Robert Blake</a>, British admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Lilburne" title="John Lilburne">John Lilburne</a>, English dissenter (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1614" title="1614">1614</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1" title="September 1">September 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Vinnius" title="Arnold Vinnius">Arnold Vinnius</a>, Dutch lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_7" title="September 7">September 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arvid_Wittenberg" title="Arvid Wittenberg">Arvid Wittenberg</a>, Swedish field marshal and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_13" title="September 13">September 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacob_van_Campen" title="Jacob van Campen">Jacob van Campen</a>, Dutch artist (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_23" title="September 23">September 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Jungius" title="Joachim Jungius">Joachim Jungius</a>, German mathematician and philosopher (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Olimpia_Maidalchini" title="Olimpia Maidalchini">Olimpia Maidalchini</a>, politically active Roman noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1591" title="1591">1591</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prince_Maurice_of_Savoy" title="Prince Maurice of Savoy">Prince Maurice of Savoy</a>, Catholic cardinal and Prince of Savoy (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Domenico_Massenzio" title="Domenico Massenzio">Domenico Massenzio</a>, Italian baroque composer (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_II,_Duke_of_Elbeuf" title="Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf">Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf</a>, French noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anders_Bille" title="Anders Bille">Anders Bille</a>, Danish general (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luke_Wadding" title="Luke Wadding">Luke Wadding</a>, Irish Franciscan friar and historian (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Hugh_Cholmeley,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 1st Baronet">Sir Hugh Cholmeley, 1st Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Johan_Oxenstierna" title="Johan Oxenstierna">Johan Oxenstierna</a>, Swedish count and statesman (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Le_Sueur_de_Petiville" title="Philippe Le Sueur de Petiville">Philippe Le Sueur de Petiville</a>, French poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Bontekoe" title="Willem Bontekoe">Willem Bontekoe</a>, Dutch sea captain (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li></ul> 1658 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cleveland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/John_Cleveland.jpg/110px-John_Cleveland.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/John_Cleveland.jpg/165px-John_Cleveland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/John_Cleveland.jpg/220px-John_Cleveland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_Cleveland" title="John Cleveland">John Cleveland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_(1599%E2%80%931658),_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg/110px-Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg/165px-Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg/220px-Witte_Cornelisz_de_With_%281599%E2%80%931658%29%2C_by_Abraham_van_Westerveldt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2236" data-file-height="2712" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Witte_Corneliszoon_de_With" class="mw-redirect" title="Witte Corneliszoon de With">Witte Corneliszoon de With</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caspar_Sibelius" title="Caspar Sibelius">Caspar Sibelius</a>, Dutch Protestant minister (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Armine,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir William Armine, 2nd Baronet">Sir William Armine, 2nd Baronet</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1622" title="1622">1622</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Eaton" title="Theophilus Eaton">Theophilus Eaton</a>, English-born Connecticut colonist (b. <a href="/wiki/1590" title="1590">1590</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Sexby" title="Edward Sexby">Edward Sexby</a>, English Puritan soldier (b. <a href="/wiki/1616" title="1616">1616</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_19" title="February 19">February 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilmot,_1st_Earl_of_Rochester" title="Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester">Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1612" title="1612">1612</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_25" title="March 25">March 25</a> – <a href="/wiki/Herman_IV,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Rotenburg" title="Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg">Herman IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Frederick_I,_Duke_of_Mecklenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg">Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg</a>-Schwerin (1592–1628 and again 1631–1658) (b. <a href="/wiki/1588" title="1588">1588</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertuccio_Valiero" class="mw-redirect" title="Bertuccio Valiero">Bertuccio Valiero</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1596" title="1596">1596</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Eusebio_Nieremberg" title="Juan Eusebio Nieremberg">Juan Eusebio Nieremberg</a>, Spanish mystic (b. <a href="/wiki/1595" title="1595">1595</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Munk" title="Kirsten Munk">Kirsten Munk</a>, second wife of <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_of_Denmark" title="Christian IV of Denmark">Christian IV of Denmark</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_2nd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick">Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick</a>, English colonial administrator and admiral (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_24" title="April 24">April 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Maria_Richini" title="Francesco Maria Richini">Francesco Maria Richini</a>, Italian architect (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Cleveland" title="John Cleveland">John Cleveland</a>, English poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_Holzhauser" title="Bartholomew Holzhauser">Bartholomew Holzhauser</a>, German priest, visionary and writer of prophecies (b. <a href="/wiki/1613" title="1613">1613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_18" title="June 18">June 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_Cappel" title="Louis Cappel">Louis Cappel</a>, French Protestant churchman and scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1585" title="1585">1585</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_8" title="June 8">June 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sir_Henry_Slingsby,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet">Sir Henry Slingsby, 1st Baronet</a>, English baronet (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_27" title="June 27">June 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Gennari" title="Ercole Gennari">Ercole Gennari</a>, Italian drawer and painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Duke_of_Schleswig-Holstein-S%C3%B8nderburg-Norburg" title="Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg">Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderburg-Norburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1581" title="1581">1581</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_5" title="August 5">August 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gundakar,_Prince_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein">Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein</a>, court official in Vienna (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Claypole" title="Elizabeth Claypole">Elizabeth Claypole</a>, daughter of Oliver Cromwell (b. <a href="/wiki/1629" title="1629">1629</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christine_of_Hesse-Kassel_(1578%E2%80%931658)" title="Christine of Hesse-Kassel (1578–1658)">Christine of Hesse-Kassel</a>, Duchess of Saxe-Eisenach and Saxe-Coburg (b. <a href="/wiki/1578" title="1578">1578</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaspar_von_Barth" title="Kaspar von Barth">Kaspar von Barth</a>, German philologist and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1587" title="1587">1587</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georg_Philipp_Harsd%C3%B6rffer" title="Georg Philipp Harsdörffer">Georg Philipp Harsdörffer</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1607" title="1607">1607</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_14" title="October 14">October 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francesco_I_d%27Este,_Duke_of_Modena" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena">Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena</a>, Italian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1610" title="1610">1610</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pride" title="Thomas Pride">Thomas Pride</a>, Parliamentarian general in the English Civil War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Le_Maistre" title="Antoine Le Maistre">Antoine Le Maistre</a>, French Jansenist (b. <a href="/wiki/1608" title="1608">1608</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre_du_Ryer" title="Pierre du Ryer">Pierre du Ryer</a>, French dramatist (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maeda_Toshitsune" title="Maeda Toshitsune">Maeda Toshitsune</a>, Japanese warlord (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_8" title="November 8">November 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Witte_de_With" title="Witte de With">Witte de With</a>, Dutch naval officer (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duke_Francis_Henry_of_Saxe-Lauenburg" title="Duke Francis Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg">Duke Francis Henry of Saxe-Lauenburg</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1604" title="1604">1604</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_29" title="November 29">November 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Margrave_Charles_Magnus_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach">Margrave Charles Magnus of Baden-Durlach</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1621" title="1621">1621</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_6" title="December 6">December 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Graci%C3%A1n_y_Morales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltasar Gracián y Morales">Baltasar Gracián y Morales</a>, Spanish writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emanuele_Madruzzo" title="Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo">Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo</a>, Italian prince-bishop (b. <a href="/wiki/1599" title="1599">1599</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_20" title="December 20">December 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jannon" title="Jean Jannon">Jean Jannon</a>, French typefounder (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li>Date unknown: <a href="/wiki/Osoet_Pegua" title="Osoet Pegua">Osoet Pegua</a>, Thai businesswoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li></ul> 1659 <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Willem_Drost.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Willem_Drost.jpg/110px-Willem_Drost.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Willem_Drost.jpg/165px-Willem_Drost.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Willem_Drost.jpg/220px-Willem_Drost.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drost" title="Willem Drost">Willem Drost</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AbelTasman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/AbelTasman.jpg/110px-AbelTasman.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/AbelTasman.jpg/165px-AbelTasman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/AbelTasman.jpg/220px-AbelTasman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="282" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2" title="January 2">January 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pepys" title="Richard Pepys">Richard Pepys</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" title="Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt">Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, Countess of East Frisia (b. <a href="/wiki/1606" title="1606">1606</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Annibal_Fabrot" title="Charles Annibal Fabrot">Charles Annibal Fabrot</a>, French lawyer (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li>February – <a href="/wiki/Willem_Drost" title="Willem Drost">Willem Drost</a>, Dutch painter and printmaker (b. <a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_4" title="February 4">February 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_Osborne" title="Francis Osborne">Francis Osborne</a>, English writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Colletet" title="Guillaume Colletet">Guillaume Colletet</a>, French writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_12" title="February 12">February 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Duchess_Magdalene_Sibylle_of_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia">Duchess Magdalene Sibylle of Prussia</a>, Electress of Saxony (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Arrowsmith_(scholar)" title="John Arrowsmith (scholar)">John Arrowsmith</a>, English theologian and academic (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Servien" title="Abel Servien">Abel Servien</a>, French diplomat (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Dunster" title="Henry Dunster">Henry Dunster</a>, first president of Harvard College (b. <a href="/wiki/1609" title="1609">1609</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bulkley" title="Peter Bulkley">Peter Bulkley</a>, English and later American Puritan (b. <a href="/wiki/1583" title="1583">1583</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_29" title="March 29">March 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bautista_de_Lezana" title="Juan Bautista de Lezana">Juan Bautista de Lezana</a>, Spanish theologian (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simon_Dach" title="Simon Dach">Simon Dach</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1605" title="1605">1605</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Eleonore_of_Hesse-Darmstadt" class="mw-redirect" title="Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt">Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt</a>, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg by marriage (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_20" title="May 20">May 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_de_Courcelles" title="Étienne de Courcelles">Étienne de Courcelles</a>, French scholar (b. <a href="/wiki/1586" title="1586">1586</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_29" title="May 29">May 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rich,_3rd_Earl_of_Warwick" title="Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick">Robert Rich, 3rd Earl of Warwick</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Llwyd" title="Morgan Llwyd">Morgan Llwyd</a>, Welsh Puritan preacher and writer (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_6" title="June 6">June 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nadira_Banu_Begum" title="Nadira Banu Begum">Nadira Banu Begum</a>, Mughal princess (b. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_21" title="June 21">June 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afonso_Mendes" title="Afonso Mendes">Afonso Mendes</a>, Patriarch of Ethiopia (b. <a href="/wiki/1579" title="1579">1579</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hyojong_of_Joseon" title="Hyojong of Joseon">Hyojong of Joseon</a>, 17th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea (1649-1659) (b. <a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1619</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gironima_Spana" title="Gironima Spana">Gironima Spana</a>, Italian poisoner and central figure of the <a href="/wiki/Spana_Prosecution" title="Spana Prosecution">Spana Prosecution</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Brewster_(colonist)" title="Jonathan Brewster (colonist)">Jonathan Brewster</a>, American settler (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_10" title="August 10">August 10</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Ramirez_di_Montalvo" title="Eleonora Ramirez di Montalvo">Eleonora Ramirez di Montalvo</a>, Italian educator (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_III,_Duke_of_Holstein-Gottorp" title="Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp">Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Lindsay,_1st_Earl_of_Balcarres" title="Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres">Alexander Lindsay, 1st Earl of Balcarres</a>, Scottish politician and noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1618" title="1618">1618</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikoh" title="Dara Shikoh">Dara Shikoh</a>, Indian prince (b. <a href="/wiki/1615" title="1615">1615</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – <a href="/wiki/Frederick_V,_Margrave_of_Baden-Durlach" title="Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach">Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach</a> (1622–1659) (b. <a href="/wiki/1594" title="1594">1594</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Tscherning" title="Andreas Tscherning">Andreas Tscherning</a>, German poet (b. <a href="/wiki/1611" title="1611">1611</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">September 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pesaro" title="Giovanni Pesaro">Giovanni Pesaro</a>, Doge of Venice (b. <a href="/wiki/1589" title="1589">1589</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Palafox_y_Mendoza" title="Juan de Palafox y Mendoza">Juan de Palafox y Mendoza</a>, Spanish politician, clergyman (b. <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_8" title="October 8">October 8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Quen" title="Jean de Quen">Jean de Quen</a>, French Jesuit missionary and historian (b. c. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cholmondeley,_1st_Earl_of_Leinster" title="Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster">Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster</a>, English politician (b. <a href="/wiki/1584" title="1584">1584</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_10" title="October 10">October 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Abel_Tasman" title="Abel Tasman">Abel Tasman</a>, Dutch explorer (b. <a href="/wiki/1603" title="1603">1603</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Busenello" title="Giovanni Francesco Busenello">Giovanni Francesco Busenello</a>, Italian librettist (b. <a href="/wiki/1598" title="1598">1598</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Bradshaw_(judge)" title="John Bradshaw (judge)">John Bradshaw</a>, English judge (b. <a href="/wiki/1602" title="1602">1602</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_le_Royer_de_la_Dauversi%C3%A8re" title="Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière">Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière</a>, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (b. <a href="/wiki/1597" title="1597">1597</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jens_Bjelke" title="Jens Bjelke">Jens Bjelke</a>, Norwegian noble (b. <a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_10" title="November 10">November 10</a> – <a href="/wiki/Afzal_Khan_(general)" title="Afzal Khan (general)">Afzal Khan</a>, Indian commander of the Bijapur Adilshahi forces</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_5" title="December 5">December 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fra_Bonaventura_Bisi" title="Fra Bonaventura Bisi">Fra Bonaventura Bisi</a>, Italian painter (b. <a href="/wiki/1601" title="1601">1601</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Ap%C3%A1czai_Csere" title="János Apáczai Csere">János Apáczai Csere</a>, Hungarian mathematician (b. <a href="/wiki/1625" title="1625">1625</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Solminihac" title="Alain de Solminihac">Alain de Solminihac</a>, French bishop and beatified person (b. <a href="/wiki/1593" title="1593">1593</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>date unknown – <a href="/wiki/Anne_Greene" title="Anne Greene">Anne Greene</a>, English domestic servant and execution survivor (b. <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> <a href="/wiki/1628" title="1628">1628</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650s&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Arnold Houbraken mentioned erroneously 1656 as his birth in the book De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, but the correct date is 1655.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1650s&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_Environment_ScotlandBTL19" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/BTL19">"Battle of Carbisdale (BTL19)"</a>. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Carbisdale+%28BTL19%29&rft.au=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.historicenvironment.scot%2Fdesignation%2FBTL19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_Environment_ScotlandBTL7" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_Environment_Scotland" title="Historic Environment Scotland">Historic Environment Scotland</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/BTL7">"Battle of Dunbar II (BTL7)"</a>. Retrieved June 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Battle+of+Dunbar+II+%28BTL7%29&rft.au=Historic+Environment+Scotland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fportal.historicenvironment.scot%2Fdesignation%2FBTL7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cassell's_Chronology-3"><a href="#cite_ref-Cassell's_Chronology_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2005" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Hywel (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/263">Cassell's Chronology of World History</a>. 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Trevor (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1500297">"Miraculous Deliverance of Anne Green: An Oxford Case Of Resuscitation In The Seventeenth Century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a>. 285 (6357): 1792–1793. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.285.6357.1792">10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1792</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/29509089">29509089</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1500297">1500297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6816370">6816370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Medical+Journal&rft.atitle=Miraculous+Deliverance+of+Anne+Green%3A+An+Oxford+Case+Of+Resuscitation+In+The+Seventeenth+Century&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=6357&rft.pages=1792-1793&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1500297%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6816370&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F29509089%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.285.6357.1792&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=J.+Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1500297&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNB-6"><a href="#cite_ref-DNB_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGowing2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Gowing, Laura (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-11413">"Greene, Anne (c. 1628–1659)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (online ed.). 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Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. p. 339.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+Chile&rft.place=Alicante&rft.pages=339&rft.edition=Digital+edition+based+on+the+second+edition+of+2000&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.aulast=Barros+Arana&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fobra-visor%2Fhistoria-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0%2Fhtml%2Fff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html%23I_15_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pinochetetal83-10"><a href="#cite_ref-pinochetetal83_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinochet_UgarteVillaroel_CarmonaLepe_OrellanaFuente-Alba_Poblete1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto</a>; Villaroel Carmona, Rafael; Lepe Orellana, Jaime; <a href="/wiki/Juan_Miguel_Fuente-Alba" title="Juan Miguel Fuente-Alba">Fuente-Alba Poblete, J. 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V., 1795) pages 56ff. accessed on April 8, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kajaani.fi/tiedotteet/kajaanin-kaupunki-tayttaa-tana-vuonna-komeat-370-vuotta-juhlitaan-kaupunkiamme-eri-tavoin/">Kajaanin kaupunki täyttää tänä vuonna komeat 370 vuotta – juhlitaan kaupunkiamme eri tavoin</a> (in Finnish) </li> <li id="cite_note-Solano1899-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Solano1899_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolano_Astaburuaga1899" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Solano Astaburuaga, Francisco (1899) [1867]. 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Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. p. 340.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cap%C3%ADtulo+XIV&rft.btitle=Historia+general+de+Chile&rft.place=Alicante&rft.pages=340&rft.edition=Digital+edition+based+on+the+second+edition+of+2000&rft.pub=Biblioteca+Virtual+Miguel+de+Cervantes&rft.aulast=Barros+Arana&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cervantesvirtual.com%2Fobra-visor%2Fhistoria-general-de-chile-tomo-cuarto--0%2Fhtml%2Fff2f1efc-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_69.html%23I_15_&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> "Leviathan and De Cive", by Karl Schuhmann, in Leviathan After 350 Years, ed. by Luc Foisneau (Clarendon Press, 2004) p.17 </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://montrose-society.ndo.co.uk/pdf/Newsletter%20June%202010.pdf">"Marquis of Montrose Society newsletter June 2010"</a> (PDF). montrose-society.ndo.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://montrose-society.ndo.co.uk/pdf/Newsletter%20June%202010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=montrose-society.ndo.co.uk&rft.atitle=Marquis+of+Montrose+Society+newsletter+June+2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmontrose-society.ndo.co.uk%2Fpdf%2FNewsletter%2520June%25202010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBH1651-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CBH1651_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CBH1651_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerPalmer1992" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). 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Association for Evolutionary Economics: 1–16. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00213624.1970.11502941">10.1080/00213624.1970.11502941</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4224039">4224039</a>. <q>A swift and brilliantly conceived march from Holstein across the frozen Danish waters on Copenhagen, by Karl X Gustav in 1658, finally wrests Bohuslin, Sk'ane, and Blekinge from <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a>. 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Monson, The Black Widows of the Eternal City: The True Story of Rome’s Most Infamous Poisoners (University of Michigan Press, 2020) </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> On display at <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Henry Reece, The Army in Cromwellian England, 1649-1660 (Oxford University Press, 2013) p. 174 </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> David Farr, Major-General Hezekiah Haynes and the Failure of Oliver Cromwell’s Godly Revolution, 1594–1704 (Taylor & Francis, 2020) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historytoday.com/archive/months-past/richard-cromwell-resigns-lord-protector">"Richard Cromwell Resigns as Lord Protector: The Lord Protector stood down on May 25th, 1659"</a>, by Richard Cavendish, History Today, May 5, 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/commons-jrnl/vol7/pp664-665">"Richard Cromwell's Renunciation"</a>, House of Commons Journal (25 May 1659), pp. 664-665, British History Online </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Timothy Venning, Compendium of British Office Holders (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005) p. 77 </li> <li id="cite_note-Huerta2003-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Huerta2003_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_D._Huerta2003" class="citation book cs1">Robert D. Huerta (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QIelMWzUR6gC&pg=PA107">Giants of Delft: Johannes Vermeer and the Natural Philosophers : the Parallel Search for Knowledge During the Age of Discovery</a>. Bucknell University Press. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5538-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5538-9"><bdi>978-0-8387-5538-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Giants+of+Delft%3A+Johannes+Vermeer+and+the+Natural+Philosophers+%3A+the+Parallel+Search+for+Knowledge+During+the+Age+of+Discovery&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Bucknell+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8387-5538-9&rft.au=Robert+D.+Huerta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIelMWzUR6gC%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> James Atkinson, Tracts Relating to the Civil War in Cheshire, 1641–1659; including Sir George Booth's rising in that county (The Chetham Society, 1909) pp. 167-172 </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhadg_Singh_Valdiya2004" class="citation book cs1">Khadg Singh Valdiya (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WhUXtA6qSF4C&pg=PA219">Coping with Natural Hazards: Indian Context</a>. Orient Blackswan. p. 219. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2735-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-250-2735-5"><bdi>978-81-250-2735-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Coping+with+Natural+Hazards%3A+Indian+Context&rft.pages=219&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-250-2735-5&rft.au=Khadg+Singh+Valdiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWhUXtA6qSF4C%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHastie1987" class="citation book cs1">Hastie, Roy (1987). Nell Gwyn. London: R. Hale. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780709030997" title="Special:BookSources/9780709030997"><bdi>9780709030997</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nell+Gwyn&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=R.+Hale&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780709030997&rft.aulast=Hastie&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChandler1979" class="citation book cs1">Chandler, David (1979). Marlborough as military commander. London: Batsford. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780713420753" title="Special:BookSources/9780713420753"><bdi>9780713420753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marlborough+as+military+commander&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Batsford&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780713420753&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaydon2014" class="citation book cs1">Claydon, Tony (2014). William III. London: Routledge, Taylor and Francis. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317876830" title="Special:BookSources/9781317876830"><bdi>9781317876830</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+III&rft.place=London&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317876830&rft.aulast=Claydon&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-Sewall">"Samuel Sewall | British colonial merchant | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 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Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29170-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29170-8"><bdi>978-0-313-29170-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deaf+Persons+in+the+Arts+and+Sciences%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29170-8&rft.aulast=Lang&rft.aufirst=Harry+G.&rft.au=Meath-Lang%2C+Bonnie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6OaPbpdmxEgC%26pg%3DPA309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Pitt">"Thomas Pitt | British merchant"</a>. 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Isis. 75 (3): 546–553. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F353573">10.1086/353573</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-1753">0021-1753</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6389428">6389428</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32584049">32584049</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Christian+Thomasius+and+the+Origin+of+Psychological+Rating+Scales&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=546-553&rft.date=1984-09&rft.issn=0021-1753&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32584049%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6389428&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F353573&rft.aulast=McReynolds&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Ludwig%2C+Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2Fepdf%2F10.1086%2F353573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americansilversmiths.org/makers/silversmiths/27090.htm">"John Coney"</a>. www.americansilversmiths.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.americansilversmiths.org&rft.atitle=John+Coney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americansilversmiths.org%2Fmakers%2Fsilversmiths%2F27090.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pfalzneuburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/EleonoreMagdalena1.pdf">"Eleonore Magdalena (Theresia) von Pfalz-Neuburg (1655 – 1720)"</a> (PDF). www.pfalzneuburg.de (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.pfalzneuburg.de/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/EleonoreMagdalena1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 22 March 2022. <q>Eleonore Magdalena Theresia wird am 6. Januar 1655 als ältestes Kind (von insgesamt 17 Kindern, 9 Knaben, 8Mädchen) des Neuburger Pfalzgrafen und Herzogs Philipp Wilhelm und seiner 2.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pfalzneuburg.de&rft.atitle=Eleonore+Magdalena+%28Theresia%29+von+Pfalz-Neuburg+%281655+%E2%80%93+1720%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pfalzneuburg.de%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2010%2F03%2FEleonoreMagdalena1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1690-1715/member/sergison-charles-1655-1732">"SERGISON, Charles (1655-1732), of Cuckfield Park, Suss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Parliament">History of Parliament</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Parliament&rft.atitle=SERGISON%2C+Charles+%281655-1732%29%2C+of+Cuckfield+Park%2C+Suss.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyofparliamentonline.org%2Fvolume%2F1690-1715%2Fmember%2Fsergison-charles-1655-1732&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroglie1891" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Broglie, Emmanuel (1891). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lasocitdelab02broguoft">La société de l'abbaye de Saint-Germain des Prés au dixhuitième siècle. Bernard de Montfaucon et les Bernardins, 1715-1750</a> (in French). Paris, E. Plon, Nourrit. p. 305. Retrieved 23 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+de+l%27abbaye+de+Saint-Germain+des+Pr%C3%A9s+au+dixhuiti%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle.+Bernard+de+Montfaucon+et+les+Bernardins%2C+1715-1750&rft.pages=305&rft.pub=Paris%2C+E.+Plon%2C+Nourrit&rft.date=1891&rft.aulast=Broglie&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flasocitdelab02broguoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHummel2018" class="citation book cs1">Hummel, Arthur W. (2018). "SINGDE". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780190088019.001.0001/acref-9780190088019-e-590?rskey=C6qtn2&result=581">Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period</a>. United States Government Printing Office. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781614720331" title="Special:BookSources/9781614720331"><bdi>9781614720331</bdi></a>. Retrieved 23 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SINGDE&rft.btitle=Eminent+Chinese+of+the+Qing+Period&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781614720331&rft.aulast=Hummel&rft.aufirst=Arthur+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordreference.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780190088019.001.0001%2Facref-9780190088019-e-590%3Frskey%3DC6qtn2%26result%3D581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2003" class="citation web cs1">Green, Richard C. 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Israël. p. 229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6078-070-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6078-070-1"><bdi>978-90-6078-070-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographisch+woordenboek+van+noord+Nederlandsche+graveurs&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Amsterdam+%3A+B.M.+Isra%C3%ABl&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-90-6078-070-1&rft.aulast=Waller&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois+Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbiographischwoor0000wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Jan1988" class="citation book cs1">Eric Jan, Sluijter (1988). 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Retrieved 9 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.british-history.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Oade-Oxwick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Falumni-oxon%2F1500-1714%2Fpp1084-1103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%AE%87%E5%96%9C%E5%A4%9A%E7%A7%80%E5%AE%B6-34359">"宇喜多秀家とは"</a>. コトバンク (in Japanese). 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Retrieved 10 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&rft.atitle=Gregers+Krabbe&rft.date=2020-02-25&rft.aulast=Gjeruldsen&rft.aufirst=Ole+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbl.snl.no%2FGregers_Krabbe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=wray&suro=w&fir=john&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50">"Wray, John"</a>. venn.lib.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=venn.lib.cam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Wray%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvenn.lib.cam.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2Fsearch-2018.pl%3Fsur%3Dwray%26suro%3Dw%26fir%3Djohn%26firo%3Dc%26cit%3D%26cito%3Dc%26c%3Dall%26z%3Dall%26tex%3D%26sye%3D%26eye%3D%26col%3Dall%26maxcount%3D50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1650s" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Diagne, Léon Sobel, « Le problème de la philosophie africaine » (2004), p. 10 (archived by French Wikipedia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20110224081746/http://sfc.education.sn/IMG/pdf/LE_PROBLEME_DE_LA_PHILOSOPHIE_AFRICAINE_Leon_OK.pdf">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Kocc Barma Fall disait… [in] Au Senegal (26 Sep 2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.au-senegal.com/kocc-barma-fall-disait,6832.html?lang=fr">[2]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnselment2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Anselment, Raymond (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17056">"Lovelace, Richard (1617–1657)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a> (Online ed.). 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