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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General description</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_description-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isao_Okazaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isao_Okazaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Isao Okazaki</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isao_Okazaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_V-J_Day_to_the_Matsue_Incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_V-J_Day_to_the_Matsue_Incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>From V-J Day to the Matsue Incident</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-From_V-J_Day_to_the_Matsue_Incident-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle From V-J Day to the Matsue Incident subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-From_V-J_Day_to_the_Matsue_Incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hatano_in_Tokyo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hatano_in_Tokyo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Hatano in Tokyo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hatano_in_Tokyo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Day_before_the_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Day_before_the_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Day before the uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Day_before_the_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uprising_and_assignments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uprising_and_assignments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Uprising and assignments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uprising_and_assignments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Course_of_uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Course_of_uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Course of uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Course_of_uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting_station" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting_station"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Broadcasting station</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting_station-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AB%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="حادثه ماتسویی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حادثه ماتسویی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incident_de_Matsue" title="Incident de Matsue – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Incident de Matsue" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%93%B0%EC%97%90_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%94_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4" title="마쓰에 소요 사건 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마쓰에 소요 사건" data-language-autonym="한국어" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Coup d'état attempt in Japan on August 24, 1945</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px 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height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/60px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ambox_rewrite.svg/80px-Ambox_rewrite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">layout guidelines</a></b>. The reason given is: <b>it is very internally redundant.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit">editing the article</a> to make improvements to the overall structure.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Matsue incident</b>, also known as the <b>Matsue Riot incident</b>, <b>Imperial Voluntary Army incident</b>, or the <b>Shimane Prefectural Office incendiarism</b>, was an incident that occurred in Japan after the Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945. The incident was staged by about forty <a href="/wiki/Dissident" title="Dissident">dissidents</a>, who attacked facilities in <a href="/wiki/Matsue" title="Matsue">Matsue</a> City, <a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane Prefecture</a>, at dawn on August 24, 1945, resulting in one fatality. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png/350px-Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png/525px-Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png/700px-Shimane-Prefectural-Government-Office-Circa-1920.png 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>Shimane Prefectural Office (1909–1945)</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matsue_riot_incident.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Matsue_riot_incident.jpg/300px-Matsue_riot_incident.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Matsue_riot_incident.jpg/450px-Matsue_riot_incident.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Matsue_riot_incident.jpg/600px-Matsue_riot_incident.jpg 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Shimane Prefectural Office aflame</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 15, 1945, <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a>, broadcast the <a href="/wiki/Gyokuon-hoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyokuon-hoso">surrender of Japan</a> by radio, thereby ending World War II. Following the broadcast, dissidents throughout Japan reacted unfavorably to the announcement. On that day, an armed group of dissidents who called themselves <i>Sonno-Doshikai</i>, gathered in Atagoyama, a small mountain in the central part of <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This group called for opposition to the surrender and expected that members of the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japanese armed forces</a> would support them. The Matsue Incident, a last attempt at a <a href="/wiki/Coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="Coup d'état">coup d'état</a>, was a response to this call. Ten people were killed and two arrested. </p><p>Leaders of the attempted coup were brought to trial before the Supreme Court of Judicature.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_description">General description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At dawn on August 24, the leader of the group, 25-year-old Isao Okazaki, and the group's members, also in their twenties, attacked key facilities in <a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane Prefecture</a>, including the prefectural office, a newspaper company and a power plant. The newspaper company and the power plant subsequently suffered by having some of their functions curtailed. The group had planned to kill the governor and the top public prosecutor, but failed. They rushed into the Matsue Broadcasting Station and asked to use it to deliver their message, but the station master refused. During the negotiation, police and the army encircled the group and all members were arrested. The prefectural office and the prefectural 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) assembly hall burned down, and one occupant died during the confusion. The electricity was cut off for three and a half hours and the newspaper was published only in <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> format until August 31. The people of Shimane were shocked by these events,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the media coverage was strictly censored. This measure was successful in discouraging similar incidents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The ringleaders were imprisoned. After their release, some of them obtained jobs, one as a teacher, one at a printing company and another at a waste disposal company. The whereabouts of many former rioters are not disclosed in available sources.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isao_Okazaki">Isao Okazaki</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Isao Okazaki"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every group member who participated in the Matsue incident had been recruited by <a href="/wiki/Isao_Okazaki" title="Isao Okazaki">Isao Okazaki</a> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B2%A1%E5%B4%8E%E5%8A%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:岡崎功">岡崎功</a> <i>Okazaki Isao</i>, 1920–2006), his second-in-command, Bunmei Hasegawa, and his third-in-command, Yasuhiko Hatano. Hasegawa and Hatano had been influenced by Masaharu Kageyama of Daitojuku, a <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a>. </p><p>Okazaki was born in Shimane Prefecture and after graduation from a middle school he worked in a Japanese firm in <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> for two years. After returning to Japan, he entered <a href="/wiki/Rissho_University" title="Rissho University">Rissho University</a> with the objective of becoming a monk. At the same time, he became a member of an <a href="/wiki/Nationalism#Ultranationalism" title="Nationalism">ultra-nationalist</a> group, <i>Kinno Makotomusubi</i>. With independent funds, he built what he called the <i>Isshinryo</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Meguro" title="Meguro">Meguro</a> District of Tokyo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this location he discussed with his friends the news of Japanese reverses in the war. He suggested that the military cabinet be overthrown. Eventually, they tried to obtain weapons for this purpose. </p><p>When the plot became known in July 1943, he was arrested and given two years of imprisonment with three years of suspension in September 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was released from prison in November but was under the constant supervision of special police. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After returning to Matsue, he became a member of the government mobilization office.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because he was inclined to sympathize with the circumstances of the families of the people being mobilized, he was in frequent conflict with his superiors. For example, he was ordered to select 75 women to work at the <a href="/wiki/Kure_Naval_Arsenal" title="Kure Naval Arsenal">Kure Naval Arsenal</a>. He realized that women of higher status were not part of the selection pool, and leaked this fact. He was forced to resign from this office as a result. </p><p>He then became a voluntary member of the Dai Nippon Genron Hōkokukai, a right-wing party.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="not a PAID member, right? (April 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="From_V-J_Day_to_the_Matsue_Incident">From V-J Day to the Matsue Incident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: From V-J Day to the Matsue Incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 16, the <i>Matsue Shimbun</i> (newspaper) reported that the <a href="/wiki/Gyokuon-hoso" class="mw-redirect" title="Gyokuon-hoso">broadcast of the emperor</a> had been a call for a cease-fire. The Emperor's message had been spoken in <a href="/wiki/Classical_Japanese" title="Classical Japanese">Classical Japanese</a> (文語体), which was not well understood by the average person. </p><p>On August 15 and 16, the Governor of Shimane Prefecture, Takeo Yamada, made several public announcements asking for unity. The Prefectural Government demanded public order. On the other hand, the military commander of the Matsue District Headquarters,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (April 2012)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> Zensho Ogawa, stated that the district should retain its fighting spirit until a peace treaty was concluded. Ogawa stated that the country should not be misled by groundless rumors; the broadcast of a cease-fire did not immediately mean peace. </p><p>Immediately after August 15, various incidents transpired within Japan. These came to an end before August 22. In Shimane Prefecture, Japanese planes scattered leaflets reading "Continue the war". In the large cities of Tokyo and <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, which had been devastated, it was apparent that Japan could not continue the war. But in outlying regions like <a href="/wiki/San%27in_region" title="San'in region">San-in</a>, such as Shimane, where air-raids had been on a small scale, continuing the war when the mainland was attacked appeared possible.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 15, Hasegawa and Hatano heard the broadcast and understood that Japan was defeated. Saburoemon Sakurai, the head of Hokokukai, realized that Okazaki would rise up. But he could go no further since he had met with the leadership of the army and learned that the army would not join the proposed coup-d'etat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hatano_in_Tokyo">Hatano in Tokyo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hatano in Tokyo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since Okazaki was under the strict observation of the special police, he sent Hatano to Tokyo to provoke a dramatic incident that would bring the nation to their side. In Matsue, Okazaki continued negotiating with the army. On August 22, it was reported that the American forces would land on August 26 at the earliest, so that Okazaki set a date for the uprising before August 25. They wrote their opinions in leaflets, such as "The country of <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a> knows no defeat", "Message to People of Shimane", "To the Imperial Army and Navy Members" on sheets of paper in India ink; however, the airplanes at the Miho air base had been destroyed on August 22 and could not scatter them as intended.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miho_airport.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Miho_airport.JPG/220px-Miho_airport.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Miho_airport.JPG/330px-Miho_airport.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Miho_airport.JPG/440px-Miho_airport.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Miho air base, in 2008.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Day_before_the_uprising">Day before the uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Day before the uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the night of August 23, Hatano reported from Tokyo his intelligence to Okazaki. The plan:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Shimane Prefectural office will be burned.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The governor will be killed.</li> <li>The telephone room of the Matsue Post Office will be destroyed.</li> <li>The functions of Shimane Newspaper will be destroyed.</li> <li>The electricity of the power plant of Matsue will be cut, for the execution of our uprising.</li> <li>The top public prosecutor will be killed.</li> <li>Pamphlets will be distributed on the streets by woman members.</li> <li>After that, the Shimane broadcasting station will be captured to broadcast news of the uprising.</li> <li>The starting time will be 2:40 a.m. on August 24.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Okazaki ordered Hatano and others to go to the Matsue Gokoku Shrine, since he himself continued under police observation. He went to the army police headquarters for weapons. However, the army police officer was not cooperative. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uprising_and_assignments">Uprising and assignments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uprising and assignments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg/220px-Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg/330px-Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg/440px-Matsue_gokoku_jinja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Matsue Gokoku Shrine, photo taken in 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Those who participated in the uprising gathered at 1 a.m. at the Matsue Gokoku Shrine. All were in their twenties. The men were clad in the khaki-colored national uniforms of that time, while the women wore a simple kimono or <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="ja-Latn">monpe</span></span>. Hasegawa and Moriwaki had <a href="/wiki/Japanese_swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese swords">Japanese swords</a>. Fujii had four sticks of dynamite. There were 15 rifles available, including type 38 rifles obtained from Matsue Middle School. The students, anticipating this possibility, had hidden the bullets. Before the uprising, Okazaki addressed them and told them that their deaths would be like that of the <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> <a href="/wiki/Kusunoki_Masashige" title="Kusunoki Masashige">Kusunoki Masashige</a>, who was an inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a>. This new uprising would similarly lead to the spiritual restoration of Japan. Hatano related the situation in Tokyo and Hasegawa gave them their assignments: </p> <ul><li>The governor's house: Okazaki and 5 others</li> <li>The prosecutor's house: Shigeo Takagi and 3 others</li> <li>The prefectural office: Shokichi Moriwaki and 3 others</li> <li>Matsue post office: Ryosaburo Fujii and 2 others</li> <li>Chugoku power plant: Bunmei Hasegawa and 4 others</li> <li>Shimane newspaper: Seto Shiranami and 4 others</li> <li>Ono gun shop: Yasuhiko Hatano and 4 others</li> <li>Distribution of pamphlets: Kan-ei Moriwaki and 15 woman members of the group.</li></ul> <p>It was decided that after every team attained their respective goals, they would go to the broadcasting station. Whoever resisted them was to be killed. The number of group members differs according to the source consulted; the smallest number was 15: Okazaki and 14 other people.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other sources say 34 men and women including Okazaki;<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 46 people were collected by Okazaki;<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 47 people, 16 of them women;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 48 people, 8 of whom were women;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 40 plus several other people.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_of_uprising">Course of uprising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Course of uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The uprising started earlier than scheduled. The attacks on the governor and the chief prosecutor started on schedule but failed. The attacks on the post office and on the gun shop also failed. At 2 a.m. the prefectural office team went into the campus, but one of them was watched by a policeman on duty. The team broke into the office and set it on fire at 2:20, 20 minutes before the scheduled time. Kan Sōda, master of a small restaurant, rushed to the scene of the fire and was murdered by Takeshi Kitamura, a member, who mistook Sōda for a person trying to resist them. He was the only fatality during the uprising. The newspaper team broke into the newspaper building amid confusion resulting from the fire and cut the belts of the printing machine. The power plant team arrived at the plant later than 3 a.m. and cut the 65,000 volt cable. The electricity of Matsue went off for the following three-and-a-half hours. The governor and the chief prosecutor were not in their houses since they had rushed to the prefectural office when it started to burn. The post office team succeeded in setting the dynamite but it failed to explode, although the fuse burnt. The gun shop team could not reach the shop.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asahi19450926.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Asahi19450926.jpg/350px-Asahi19450926.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="405" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Asahi19450926.jpg/525px-Asahi19450926.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Asahi19450926.jpg/700px-Asahi19450926.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2361" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Asahi Shimbun on September 25, only appearing one month after the incident because of censorship</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasting_station">Broadcasting station</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Broadcasting station"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NHKmatsue1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NHKmatsue1940.jpg/250px-NHKmatsue1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NHKmatsue1940.jpg/375px-NHKmatsue1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/NHKmatsue1940.jpg/500px-NHKmatsue1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="483" /></a><figcaption>Matsue Broadcasting Station in 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>Every party except the gunshop attacking group gathered at the Matsue broadcasting station. They requested the station to broadcast their message of uprising but the station master rejected the request. The station was surrounded by 50 armed policemen and 20 soldiers. Okazaki declared that he and his group were patriots, the Japanese forces had betrayed them, and their enemies were traitors. A top Civil Secret Policeman<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whom Okazaki knew urged negotiations for fear of a gun battle. Okazaki finally surrendered on condition that their party be acquitted, except for himself. Okazaki proposed that all should bow in the direction of Tokyo and all of them present then shouted, <i>Tennō Heika Banzai</i> (Hail to the Emperor). </p><p>The armed party members went to the Matsue Police Station without any restriction and entered the Japanese fencing gym of the police station while Okazaki and the special police chief negotiated. The police chief withdrew his offer made during the previous negotiation since the prosecutor now told him that it was impossible to release the members. Okazaki protested but had to accept the situation. Issuing his last message to the members, he attempted <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">seppuku</a> on the abdomen and neck. He was sent unconscious to Matsue Red Cross hospital and survived.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All members were investigated at the police station on suspicion of wartime rioting, invasion without permission, postal and gas service obstruction, and violation of rules on explosives. The female members were released the next day, and the other members except for the leaders of each team were released two days later.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Police">Police</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kunijiro Nishimura, a policeman responsible for the order of the Prefecture, published a book of memoires, <i>Reflection memorandum on Shimane Prefecture Arson Incident</i> on September 2, 1946. He wrote that every measure should have been taken to prevention the worst outcome, but that had not been done thoroughly.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was some psychological confrontation between the police leadership and the leadership of the Civil Secret Police.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author might have assumed that officials from a rural district could not do anything properly.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author asked the leadership of the Special Police (Civil Secret Police) how many right-wing persons there were who needed to be watched in the prefecture, and the answer was one, meaning Okazaki. The special police ignored the information that people had been inflamed by pamphlets distributed by airplane. </p><p>They ignored the National Volunteer Army members, who had sounded a siren and publicly demonstrated with bamboo spears.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On August 23, the special police halved the number of policemen on duty. Nishimura stated that they should have prepared more thoroughly and taken these events into consideration when deciding on police staffing.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the night of the uprising, Governor Takeo Yamada was informed of the arson by the police. He immediately rushed to the scene with a cudgel, and confirmed the safety of the photograph of <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a>. It was transferred to the Shiroyama underground shelter, where he also went to command the prefectural officers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Burning_the_prefectural_office">Burning the prefectural office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Burning the prefectural office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More than 2,000 people gathered to watch the burning prefectural office, but no one dared to extinguish the fire. They were looking at the burning office absentmindedly, thinking of the future of Japan, according to a newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another document recorded that people who had endured the government policy and <i>Mabiki sokai</i> (forced evacuation of houses), shouted, "This is the Heaven's punishment against the evacuation of my house, I want to see the face of those who performed the bad policy in the name of the emperor." The force of fire was strong and fearful; the prefectural office was on the other side of Matsue O-hashi bridge, but a housewife stated she had felt that the fire would come to the other side of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trial">Trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first session of the trial began at the Matsue Regional Court on November 5, 1945. Accused were 15 members of the Japanese Empire Voluntary Army; the presiding judge was Tadatoshi Mitsuse. Okazaki was clad in traditional Japanese silk clothing.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finding American officers inside the court, Okazaki asked if the trial would be undertaken under the name of the Emperor, or the Americans. Mitsuse replied that the trial would take place under the name of the Emperor. Members of the Japanese Empire Voluntary Army took this seriously and admitted every fact of the crimes as true. On November 7, Okazaki stated the motives for their uprising. He wanted to remove senior statesmen and <a href="/wiki/Zaibatsu" title="Zaibatsu">zaibatsu</a> around the emperor, and wanted to establish a <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a> cabinet. The summary of his statement on November 7 and 25 is: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>It is an act of serving the enemy that <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a> became premier without any prospect of victory and in the end, lost office. Failure in the politics is surely an act serving the enemy, like the acts of sabotage or espionage. Even during the Russo-Japanese war, soldiers who fought were called invalids, this is what I cannot bear. <a href="/wiki/Mamoru_Shigemitsu" title="Mamoru Shigemitsu">Mamoru Shigemitsu</a> stated that it was a pleasure that the defeat of the war would bring freedom and democracy. We lost the sacred war and what is the pleasure? [Here, Okazaki made a long statement concerning his mental attitude leading to the incident].<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blind acceptance of <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">kojiki</a> ideology was blamed for leading to the incident, but is there anything better than <i>kojiki</i> ? We are emperor-centered. We are neither right-wing nor left-wing. The Great Pacific War was intended to be the realization of <i>kojiki</i> and not a war for invasion. If our conducts violated the laws, it is only myself who is responsible for the conducts and only I should be punished, not the other members. Our attempt failed, but I am satisfied if this led the Japanese people to an awakening and the attainment of the Showa Restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>The prosecutor conceded that this incident derived from the loyalty of the group to the emperor and their patriotism. But as the imperial <a href="/wiki/Rescript" title="Rescript">rescript</a> had warned the Japanese people against rashness, the uprising was illegal. Any alleged patriotic conduct must be punished if it violates published imperial rescript. </p><p>The two defense lawyers stated that this was a historic case. At the time of the uprising, Okazaki was under the observation of the special police and therefore the special police was partly responsible for what happened. The prosecutor side was the target of the uprising and justice could not be maintained. The prosecutor had wrongly blamed loyalty. The uprising took place after the end of the war, therefore, the accusation of "wartime" rioting could not be confirmed. </p><p>The regional court concluded its work on December 20,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on May 2, 1947, the final judgement was made at the Daishin-in at the last stage of the Supreme Court proceedings.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_of_the_trial">Results of the trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Results of the trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Prosecutor's Opinion and Decision<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Accused</th> <th>Prosecutor's opinion</th> <th>Decision of the court</th> <th>Decision of Daishin-in </th></tr> <tr> <th>Isao Okazaki </th> <td>Death penalty</td> <td>Life imprisonment</td> <td>Life imprisonment </td></tr> <tr> <th>Bunmei Hasegawa </th> <td>15 years</td> <td>10 years</td> <td>12 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Shokichi Moriwaki </th> <td>Life imprisonment</td> <td>8 years</td> <td>10 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Yasuhiko Hatano </th> <td>15 years</td> <td>7 years</td> <td>10 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Yoshisaburo Fujii </th> <td>12 years</td> <td>5 years</td> <td>7 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Takeshi Kitamura/Mifu Izumi </th> <td>12 years</td> <td>Between 5 and 10 years</td> <td>Between 5 and 10 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Shigeo Takagi </th> <td>10 years</td> <td>2 years and 6 months</td> <td>5 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Seto Shiranami </th> <td>10 years</td> <td>2 years with 5 years of suspension</td> <td>3 years </td></tr> <tr> <th>Shoichi Usa </th> <td>6 years</td> <td>2 years with 5 years of suspension</td> <td>2 years </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amnesty_and_life_in_postwar_years">Amnesty and life in postwar years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Amnesty and life in postwar years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Okazaki was imprisoned for 6 years and 7 months, although he had been sentenced to life imprisonment. On November 3, 1946 and April 18, 1952, he was granted an amnesty. There were only seven amnesties granted between the promulgation of the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Meiji Constitution</a> and participation in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for Okazaki, Hatano and Hasegawa, it was not beneficial to them as far as their life was concerned,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since they failed in their uprising and were not allowed imprisonment and had to plunge into the postwar society of Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main members of this incident did not meet after their release from prison. Okazaki and Hatano lived in Matsue, while Hasegawa went to Tokyo. The whereabouts of other members was not known. Isao Okazaki was released from prison in 1952, the year Japan regained independence. He started to manage Matsue-Josai High School in 1960, now <a href="/wiki/Rissho_University" title="Rissho University">Rissho University</a> Shonan Kotogakko (立正大学淞南高等学校) and became the chairman of its board of directors.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1968, Okazaki ran for the House of Councilors on behalf of the national constituency, but failed.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, he was the president of Asahi Mokuzai Company and vice-president of the Shimane Prefecture rifle association. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Sukyo_Mahikari" title="Sukyo Mahikari">Sukyo Mahikari</a>. He died in 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confession_of_a_woman_member">Confession of a woman member</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Confession of a woman member"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>19 years after the incident, a woman member made a confession.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <p>I believed that the Japanese Empire was that of <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a>. In spite of the fact that we endeavored to win with all our strength, we were defeated. All of my convictions crumbled and I was unable to bear the strain. I believed that the strength of a nation lies on its forces and soldiers and joined the Empire Volunteer. If it will win, all of our members are prepared to die. My convictions are the same even now and I have no regrets. </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Masanaka Naito commented that since Okazaki was acting in connection with the officers who favored resistance, the army police, Matsue regiment, Miho air base, the uprising might lead to a large riot.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Shinshu Shimane Kenshi</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> what Okazaki did might mean his resistance to the Japanese leaders of the war, and their responsibility for the war. In October 1945, Shimane Prefecture issued a warning in order to calm down intraracial strife. Osami Maeda<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wrote that we should reevaluate the history of terrorism, and he concluded that the Matsue Incident was the end of the Showa war age, and the last of the Showa age uprisings. Toshihiro Nakagawa<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> studied the Matsue uprisings in connection with other events of the Showa era. Although he did not approve of the incident, he evaluated the challenging attitude of those involved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715070702/http://www.japanpen.or.jp/e-bungeikan///study/pdf/inosenaoki03.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">恩赦のいたずら最後のクーデター</bdi></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>猪瀬直樹</i> (in Japanese). Unknown. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanpen.or.jp/e-bungeikan/study/pdf/inosenaoki03.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%8C%AA%E7%80%AC+%E7%9B%B4%E6%A8%B9&rft.atitle=%E6%81%A9%E8%B5%A6%E3%81%AE%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F%E3%81%9A%E3%82%89+%E6%9C%80%E5%BE%8C%E3%81%AE%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%87%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanpen.or.jp%2Fe-bungeikan%2Fstudy%2Fpdf%2Finosenaoki03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatsue+incident" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">大審院 Dai-shin'in</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shimaneken[1967:8]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:189]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maeda[1965:456]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hori[1961:77]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:118–119]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kinro-Doin-Sho</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maeda[1965:456]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:192–193]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:5]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:96–97]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:120–121]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:98]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:120–121]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shimaneken[1967:1]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matsueshishi[1989:274–275]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naito[1997]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sugitani</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chokai</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matsueshishi[1962:408–409]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:209–212]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">tokubetsu koto keisatsu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:102–103]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:123]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:105]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:205]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:204]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">San-inchuuoushinbunsha[1983:431]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">San-inchuoshimbunsha[1983:431]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Takenaga[2005:322–323].It wrote with a stick as his weapon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:209–211]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yanagimoto[1965:7]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Oshima tsumugi</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:124]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:127]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:124–125]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:127]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:190–191]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayashi[1987:106]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:215, apparent mistake corrected</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:220]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:214]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hori[1991:77]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Inose[1983:222]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hori[1991:77]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:123]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Naito[1969:201–202]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shimaneken[1967:8]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maeda[1965:457]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nakagawa[2002:128–129]</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsue_incident&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Isao Okazaki <i>Recollections of Isao Okazaki</i>, in Oozei Shimbun, March 31, 1960.</li> <li>Isao Okazaki <i>Santokuno Jitsuji</i> in <i>Saigo Takamori, Genshiroku</i> 1973, Shin-Jinbutsuoraisha, pp. 245–251</li> <li>Isao Okazaki <i>Yoshida Shoin Ryuukon-Roku</i>　1975.</li> <li>Nishimura Kunijiro <i>Shimane Prefecture Arson Incident repentance memorandum</i> 1952.</li> <li>Toshihiro Nakagawa, <i>Shimane Prefectural Arson Incident seen in newspapers</i> in <i>Nihonbunkashi Kenkyuu</i> Teitsukayama University Cultural Institute, 34, 2002, 115–129.</li> <li>Matsue city history editing committee. <i>Shinshu, Matsue Shishi (History of Matsue City)</i> 1962, pp408–409</li> <li>Ken-ichi Yanagimoto <i>Shimane Prefectural Office Arson Incident</i> in <i>Gekido 20 years, Postwar history of Shimane Prefecture</i> by <a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Shimbun" title="Mainichi Shimbun">Mainichi Shimbun</a>, 1965, pp1–17.</li> <li>Shimane prefecture <i>Shinshu Shimane Prefecture History, tsuushihen 3</i> 1967, pp. 5–8.</li> <li>Masanaka Naito <i>Defeat in the previous war and Kencho shochu</i> in <i>History of Shimane Prefecture</i> Yamakawa Shuppansha.</li> <li>San-in Chuo Shimbun 100 year history editing committee <i>100 Years of San-in in newspapers</i> 1983, pp. 427–433.</li> <li>Matsue city history editing committee <i>Matsue Riot Incident</i> in <i>Matsue City 100th year anniversary history of Matsue city</i> 1989, pp. 274–275.</li> <li>Masanaka Naito <i>Stationing of American troops</i> in <i>History of Shimane Prefecture Illustrated</i> 1997, Kawadeshoboushinsha, pp. 233.</li> <li>Mitsuo Takenaga <i>Prefectural Office arson</i> in <i>History of Shimane Prefecture</i> 2005, Yamakawa shuppansha, pp. 322–326.</li> <li>Naoki Inose, <i>Tenno no Kageboshi</i> (Shadows of Emperor) 1987, Shincho Bunko, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-10-138902-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-10-138902-8">978-4-10-138902-8</a></li> <li>Naoki Inose, <i>Tenno no Kagoboshi</i> (Shadows of Emperor) 1983, <a href="/wiki/Asahi_Shimbun" class="mw-redirect" title="Asahi Shimbun">Asahi Shimbun</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-02-264217-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-02-264217-2">978-4-02-264217-2</a></li> <li>Naoki Inose, <i>Tenno no Kagoboshi</i> (Shadows of Emperor) 2002, Shogakkan, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-09-394240-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-09-394240-9">978-4-09-394240-9</a></li> <li>Inose Naoki <i>The last uprising of the Japanese Empire</i> in <i>Ushio</i> Jan. issue of 1982, pp152–173.</li> <li>Masayuki Hayashi, <i>Children who love Emper or, Hinomaru education, Nichidai Matsue High School</i> 1987,Aoki Shoten, pp63–143 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-250-87000-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-250-87000-2">978-4-250-87000-2</a>.</li> <li>Hiromi Maeda in <i>Showa Hanranshi</i> Nihon Shuhosha, 1965,pp. 449–419.</li> <li>Aizo Yabana <i>Shukan Yomiuri</i> June 17, 1980. <ul><li>Dictionaries</li> <li>Nihon Kindaishi Jiten, Toyokeizai Shinposha, 1958, pp. 568.</li> <li>Uyoku Minzokuha Jiten, Kokushokankokai 1976, pp. 92</li> <li>Shimaneken Daihyakkajiten, jou, 1982,</li> <li>Uyoku Jiten, Sanryo Shobou, 1991, pp77, pp273</li> <li>Kokushi Daijiten, Vol. 13, ma-mo, Yoshikawa Koubunkan, 1992</li> <li>Matsue Yasuki Furusato Daihyakka, Kyodoshuppansha, 2008. The pamphlet reprinted.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021140537/http://www.japanpen.or.jp/e-bungeikan/study/inosenaoki03.html">"What a pardon caused: The last coup d'état (from <i>Shadows of Emperor</i>) by Inose Naoki"</a>. Japan Pen Club. 2005-02-17. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanpen.or.jp/e-bungeikan/study/inosenaoki03.html">the original</a> on 2009-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+a+pardon+caused%3A+The+last+coup+d%27%C3%A9tat+%28from+Shadows+of+Emperor%29+by+Inose+Naoki&rft.pub=Japan+Pen+Club&rft.date=2005-02-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanpen.or.jp%2Fe-bungeikan%2Fstudy%2Finosenaoki03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMatsue+incident" class="Z3988"></span> (in Japanese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coups,_rebellions,_and_revolts_in_Japan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_coups" title="Template:Japanese coups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_coups" title="Template talk:Japanese coups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_coups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese coups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coups,_rebellions,_and_revolts_in_Japan_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Japan&#124;link=Japan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Coups, rebellions, and revolts in Japan <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attempted<br />coups and<br />rebellions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Modern<br />Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kibi_Clan_Rebellion" title="Kibi Clan Rebellion">Kibi Clan Rebellion</a> (463)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Hoshikawa_Rebellion" title="Prince Hoshikawa Rebellion">Prince Hoshikawa Rebellion</a> (479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwai_Rebellion" title="Iwai Rebellion">Iwai Rebellion</a> (527)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isshi_incident" title="Isshi incident">Isshi incident</a> (645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin Rebellion</a> (672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayato_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayato Rebellion">Hayato Rebellion</a> (720–721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Hirotsugu_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion">Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion</a> (740)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Nakamaro_Rebellion" title="Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion">Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion</a> (764)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D_no_Ran" title="Tengyō no Ran">Tengyō no Ran</a> (939–940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Hōgen Rebellion">Hōgen Rebellion</a> (1156)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiji_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Heiji Rebellion">Heiji Rebellion</a> (1160)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishigatani_incident" title="Shishigatani incident">Shishigatani incident</a> (1177)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_H%C5%8Dj%C5%ABjidono" title="Siege of Hōjūjidono">Siege of Hōjūjidono</a> (1184)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennin_Rebellion" title="Kennin Rebellion">Kennin Rebellion</a> (1201)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū Rebellion</a> (1221)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%8D_uprising" title="Shōchō uprising">Shōchō uprising</a> (1428)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABki_War" title="Yūki War">Yūki War</a>(1440-1441)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakitsu_uprising" title="Kakitsu uprising">Kakitsu uprising</a> (1441)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamashiro_ikki" title="Yamashiro ikki">Yamashiro Rebellion</a> (1485–1493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaga_Rebellion" title="Kaga Rebellion">Kaga Rebellion</a> (1487–1488)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honn%C5%8D-ji_Incident" title="Honnō-ji Incident">Honnō-ji Incident</a> (1582)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunohe_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Kunohe Rebellion">Kunohe Rebellion</a> (1591)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rokug%C5%8D_Rebellion" title="Rokugō Rebellion">Rokugō Rebellion</a> (1603)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimabara_Rebellion" title="Shimabara Rebellion">Shimabara Rebellion</a> (1637–1638)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keian_Uprising" title="Keian Uprising">Keian Uprising</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakushain%27s_revolt" title="Shakushain's revolt">Shakushain's revolt</a> (1669–1672)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menashi%E2%80%93Kunashir_rebellion" title="Menashi–Kunashir rebellion">Menashi–Kunashir rebellion</a> (1789)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cshio_Heihachir%C5%8D#The_rebellion" title="Ōshio Heihachirō">Ōshio Heihachirō's Rebellion</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teradaya_incident" title="Teradaya incident">Teradaya incident</a> (1862, 1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimonoseki Campaign">Shimonoseki Campaign</a> (1863–1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%ABgumi_incident" title="Tenchūgumi incident">Tenchūgumi incident</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mito_Rebellion" title="Mito Rebellion">Mito Rebellion</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinmon_incident" title="Kinmon incident">Kinmon incident</a> (1864)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two_Lords_Incident" title="Two Lords Incident">Two Lords Incident</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saga_Rebellion" title="Saga Rebellion">Saga Rebellion</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinp%C5%ABren_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinpūren Rebellion">Shinpūren Rebellion</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akizuki_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Akizuki Rebellion">Akizuki Rebellion</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagi_Rebellion" title="Hagi Rebellion">Hagi Rebellion</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takebashi_incident" title="Takebashi incident">Takebashi incident</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukushima_incident_(1882)" title="Fukushima incident (1882)">Fukushima incident</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichibu_incident" title="Chichibu incident">Chichibu incident</a> (1884)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_incident" title="March incident">March incident</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_incident" title="October incident">October incident</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy incident</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_incident" title="February 26 incident">February 26 incident</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a> (1945)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matsue incident</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmu_incident" title="Sanmu incident">Sanmu incident</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima#Coup_attempt_and_ritual_suicide" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima incident</a> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Riots and<br />civil disorder</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Modern<br />Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kakitsu_uprising" title="Kakitsu uprising">Kakitsu uprising</a> (1441)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%8D_uprising" title="Jōkyō uprising">Jōkyō uprising</a> (1686)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_tax_riots" title="Blood tax riots">Blood tax riots</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagasaki_incident" title="Nagasaki incident">Nagasaki incident</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibiya_incendiary_incident" title="Hibiya incendiary incident">Hibiya incendiary incident</a> (1905)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_riots_of_1918" title="Rice riots of 1918">Rice riots</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_Massacre" title="Kantō Massacre">Kantō Massacre</a> (1923)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shibuya_incident" title="Shibuya incident">Shibuya incident</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloody_May_Day" title="Bloody May Day">Bloody May Day</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinjuku_riot" title="Shinjuku riot">Shinjuku riot</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koza_riot" title="Koza riot">Koza riot</a> (1970)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shōwa_Statism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Template talk:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sh%C5%8Dwa_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shōwa nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shōwa_Statism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Statism_in_Sh%C5%8Dwa_Japan" title="Statism in Shōwa Japan">Shōwa Statism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Themes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bushido" title="Bushido">Bushido</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_system" title="Emperor system">Emperor system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gekokuj%C5%8D" title="Gekokujō">Gekokujō</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakk%C5%8D_ichiu" title="Hakkō ichiu">Hakkō ichiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_militarism" title="Japanese militarism">Japanese militarism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutai" title="Kokutai">Kokutai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultranationalism_(Japan)" title="Ultranationalism (Japan)">Ultranationalism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yamato-damashii" title="Yamato-damashii">Yamato-damashii</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_bureaucrats" title="Reform bureaucrats">Reform bureaucratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Restoration" title="Shōwa Restoration">Shōwa Restoration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadao_Araki" title="Sadao Araki">Sadao Araki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inejir%C5%8D_Asanuma" title="Inejirō Asanuma">Inejirō Asanuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaka_Chigaku" title="Tanaka Chigaku">Tanaka Chigaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingoro_Hashimoto" title="Kingoro Hashimoto">Kingoro Hashimoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiranuma_Kiichir%C5%8D" title="Hiranuma Kiichirō">Kiichirō Hiranuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koki_Hirota" class="mw-redirect" title="Koki Hirota">Koki Hirota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nissh%C5%8D_Inoue" title="Nisshō Inoue">Nisshō Inoue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanji_Ishiwara" title="Kanji Ishiwara">Kanji Ishiwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobusuke_Kishi" title="Nobusuke Kishi">Nobusuke Kishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikki_Kita" title="Ikki Kita">Ikki Kita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzabur%C5%8D_Masaki" title="Jinzaburō Masaki">Jinzaburō Masaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seig%C5%8D_Nakano" title="Seigō Nakano">Seigō Nakano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%ABmei_%C5%8Ckawa" title="Shūmei Ōkawa">Shūmei Ōkawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uesugi_Shinkichi" title="Uesugi Shinkichi">Uesugi Shinkichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hideki_Tojo" title="Hideki Tojo">Hideki Tojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masanobu_Tsuji" title="Masanobu Tsuji">Masanobu Tsuji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bin_Akao" title="Bin Akao">Bin Akao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima" title="Yukio Mishima">Yukio Mishima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otoya_Yamaguchi" title="Otoya Yamaguchi">Otoya Yamaguchi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subhas_Chandra_Bose" title="Subhas Chandra Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chung_Hee" title="Park Chung Hee">Park Chung Hee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before 1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Ocean_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Ocean Society">Black Ocean Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fleet_faction" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleet faction">Fleet faction</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gakutotai" title="Gakutotai">Gakutotai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Japan_Youth_Party" title="Great Japan Youth Party">Great Japan Youth Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Rule_Assistance_Political_Association" title="Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association">Imperial Rule Assistance Political Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Committee_on_Trade_and_Information" title="Japanese Committee on Trade and Information">Japanese Committee on Trade and Information</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dd%C5%8Dha" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōdōha">Kōdōha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Diet_Members_Supporting_the_Prosecution_of_the_Holy_War" title="League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War">League of Diet Members Supporting the Prosecution of the Holy War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Defense_Brotherhood" title="National Defense Brotherhood">National Defense Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokuhonsha" title="Kokuhonsha">National Foundation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Spiritual_Mobilization_Movement_(Japan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Spiritual Mobilization Movement (Japan)">National Spiritual Mobilization Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sakurakai" title="Sakurakai">Sakurakai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_Kenky%C5%ABkai" title="Shōwa Kenkyūkai">Shōwa Kenkyūkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dh%C5%8Dkai" title="Tōhōkai">Tōhōkai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dseiha" title="Tōseiha">Tōseiha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yokusan_Sonendan" title="Yokusan Sonendan">Yokusan Sonendan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident#The_"young_officers"" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">Young Officers Movement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABzonsha" title="Yūzonsha">Yūzonsha</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-war Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tatenokai" title="Tatenokai">Tatenokai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_Association" title="Concordia Association">Concordia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makapili" title="Makapili">Makapili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_26_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="February 26 Incident">February 26 Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Blood_Incident" title="League of Blood Incident">League of Blood Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_Bridge_incident" title="Marco Polo Bridge incident">Marco Polo Bridge incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_incident" title="March incident">March incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15_incident" title="May 15 incident">May 15 incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Academy_incident" title="Military Academy incident">Military Academy incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_incident" title="Mukden incident">Mukden incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_incident" title="October incident">October incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_General_Mobilization_Law" title="State General Mobilization Law">State General Mobilization Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Treaty#Japanese_denunciation" title="Washington Naval Treaty">Withdrawal from the Washington Naval Treaty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940–1945</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere" title="Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere">Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Kyūjō incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Tripartite Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1945–1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Matsue incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge_(occupied_Japan)" title="Purge (occupied Japan)">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_Course" title="Reverse Course">Reverse Course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmu_incident" title="Sanmu incident">Sanmu incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">After the 1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukio_Mishima#Coup_attempt_and_ritual_suicide" title="Yukio Mishima">Mishima incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Investigation_of_Global_Policy_with_the_Yamato_Race_as_Nucleus" title="An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus">An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Japan_Plans_to_Win" title="How Japan Plans to Win">How Japan Plans to Win</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kokutairon_and_Pure_Socialism" title="Kokutairon and Pure Socialism">Kokutairon and Pure Socialism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotaro:_Sacred_Sailors" title="Momotaro: Sacred Sailors">Momotaro: Sacred Sailors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Momotar%C5%8D_no_Umiwashi" title="Momotarō no Umiwashi">Momotarō no Umiwashi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moyuru_%C5%8Dzora" title="Moyuru ōzora">Moyuru ōzora</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Patriotism_(short_story)" title="Patriotism (short story)">Patriotism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ode_of_Showa_Restoration" title="Ode of Showa Restoration">Ode of Showa Restoration</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinmin_no_Michi" title="Shinmin no Michi">Shinmin no Michi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_and_Steel_(essay)" title="Sun and Steel (essay)">Sun and Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Most_Beautiful" title="The Most Beautiful">The Most Beautiful</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">American cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cleanest_Race" title="The Cleanest Race">The Cleanest Race</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">Collaboration with Imperial Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_collaborators_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Korean collaborators with Imperial Japan">Korean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Conference" title="Greater East Asia Conference">Greater East Asia Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">International Military Tribunal for the Far East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_history_textbook_controversies" title="Japanese history textbook controversies">Japanese history textbook controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states#Japan" title="List of World War II puppet states">List of World War II puppet states of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_in_Japan_during_the_Second_Sino-Japanese_War_and_World_War_II" title="Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II">Propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uyoku_dantai" title="Uyoku dantai">Uyoku dantai</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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