CINXE.COM

Belarus - Wikipedia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ro" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Belarus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )rowikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","ianuarie","februarie","martie","aprilie","mai","iunie","iulie","august","septembrie","octombrie","noiembrie","decembrie"],"wgRequestId":"8a669266-588b-443f-bb02-a1bc384cfbe3","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Belarus","wgTitle":"Belarus","wgCurRevisionId":16742024,"wgRevisionId":16742024,"wgArticleId":13360,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)","Articole cu surse în limba rusă (ru)","Webarchive template wayback links","Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor","Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale","Articole cu surse în limba spaniolă (es)","Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN","Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori KULTURNAV","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori MusicBrainz area","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF","Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF","Control de autoritate cu 15 elemente","Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate","Articole de calitate","Belarus","Eponime ale asteroizilor","Foste țări ale Uniunii Sovietice"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentLanguage":"ro","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Belarus","wgRelevantArticleId":13360,"wgTempUserName":null,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ro","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ro"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":100000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q184","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ro&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/960px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="400"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Belarus - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificare" href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ro)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ro.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Abonare Atom" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Belarus rootpage-Belarus skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Sari la conținut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Meniul principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Meniul principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Meniul principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meniul principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" title="Vedeți pagina principală [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principală</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Schimb%C4%83ri_recente" title="Lista ultimelor schimbări realizate în acest wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Schimbări recente</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cafenea" title="Informații despre evenimentele curente"><span>Cafenea</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Aleatoriu" title="Afișează o pagină aleatoare [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Articol aleatoriu</span></a></li><li id="n-Facebook" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/WikipediaRomana" rel="nofollow"><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Participare" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Participare" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Participare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Cum-încep-pe-Wikipedia" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Bun_venit"><span>Cum încep pe Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Cuprins" title="Locul în care găsiți ajutor"><span>Ajutor</span></a></li><li id="n-Portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:R%C4%83sfoire"><span>Portaluri tematice</span></a></li><li id="n-Articole-cerute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_cerute"><span>Articole cerute</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Pagina_principal%C4%83" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="enciclopedia liberă" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ro.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:C%C4%83utare" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia" aria-label="Căutare în Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Căutare în Wikipedia [c]" accesskey="c" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Unelte personale"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspect" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspect</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ro" class=""><span>Donații</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&amp;returnto=Belarus" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu" class=""><span>Creare cont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&amp;returnto=Belarus" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Autentificare</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte personale" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte personale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Meniul de utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ro.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ro"><span>Donații</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%C3%8Enregistrare&amp;returnto=Belarus" title="Vă încurajăm să vă creați un cont și să vă autentificați; totuși, nu este obligatoriu"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Creare cont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Autentificare&amp;returnto=Belarus" title="Sunteți încurajat să vă autentificați, deși acest lucru nu este obligatoriu. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Autentificare</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Cuprins" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istorie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Istorie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Înainte_de_Primul_Război_Mondial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Înainte_de_Primul_Război_Mondial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Înainte de Primul Război Mondial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Înainte_de_Primul_Război_Mondial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-După_prima_independență" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#După_prima_independență"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>După prima independență</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-După_prima_independență-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Politica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politica subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Drepturile_omului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drepturile_omului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Drepturile omului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drepturile_omului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relații_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relații_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Relații externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relații_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Armata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Împărțirea_administrativă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Împărțirea_administrativă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Împărțirea administrativă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Împărțirea_administrativă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demografie subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Religia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultura subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muzica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muzica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Muzica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muzica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arte_interpretative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arte_interpretative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Arte interpretative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arte_interpretative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Portul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bucătărie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bucătărie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Bucătărie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bucătărie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO_în_Belarus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO_în_Belarus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO în Belarus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO_în_Belarus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecomunicații" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecomunicații"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.8</span> <span>Telecomunicații</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecomunicații-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Belarus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 282 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-282" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">282 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Беларус – abhază" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Беларус" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abhază" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8larusia" title="Bèlarusia – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bèlarusia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Белоруссие – adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Белоруссие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Frussland" title="Weißrussland – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Weißrussland" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%88%8B%E1%88%A9%E1%88%B5" title="ቤላሩስ – amharică" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤላሩስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarrusia" title="Belarrusia – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Belarrusia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwitrussland" title="Hwitrussland – engleză veche" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hwitrussland" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="engleză veche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%E1%BB%8Ds" title="Belarọs – obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Belarọs" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بيلاروس – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيلاروس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%A0%DC%90%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A3" title="ܒܠܐܪܘܣ – aramaică" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܠܐܪܘܣ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="بيلاروسيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بيلاروسيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بيلاروس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيلاروس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B" title="বেলাৰুছ – asameză" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেলাৰুছ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bielorrusia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81" title="Белорусс – avară" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Белорусс" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusa" title="Belarusa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Belarusa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilarus" title="Bilarus – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Bilarus" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بلاروس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بلاروس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusia" title="Belarusia – balineză" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Belarusia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Frussland" title="Weißrussland – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Weißrussland" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltaros%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Baltarosėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Baltarosėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan_Puti" title="Ruslan Puti – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ruslan Puti" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Беларус – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Беларус" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9larus" title="Bélarus – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Bélarus" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ဗဲလာရုခမ်းထီ – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဗဲလာရုခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6" title="বেলারুশ – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেলারুশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="བྷེ་ལ་རསུ། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྷེ་ལ་རསུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8" title="বেলারুস – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বেলারুস" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjelorusija" title="Bjelorusija – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bjelorusija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%C3%BAs" title="Belarús – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Belarús" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusia" title="Bielorusia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Bielorusia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – cecenă" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="cecenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%87%E1%8E%B3%E1%8E%B7%E1%8F%8D" title="ᏇᎳᎷᏍ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏇᎳᎷᏍ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بیلاڕووس – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بیلاڕووس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – corsicană" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corsicană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – turcă crimeeană" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="turcă crimeeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9Blorusko" title="Bělorusko – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bělorusko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%B4%C5%82orus" title="Biôłorus – cașubiană" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Biôłorus" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="cașubiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Бѣла Роусь – slavonă" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Бѣла Роусь" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="slavonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%C3%A7" title="Беларуç – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Беларуç" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarws" title="Belarws – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Belarws" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hviderusland" title="Hviderusland – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hviderusland" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaruc" title="Belaruc – dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Belaruc" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9B%C5%82oruska" title="Běłoruska – sorabă de jos" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Běłoruska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="sorabă de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारुस – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बेलारुस" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AC%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%83%DE%AB%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ބެލަރޫސް – divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބެލަރޫސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B" title="བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="བེ་ལ་རུ་སུ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λευκορωσία – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκορωσία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belorusio" title="Belorusio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Belorusio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bielorrusia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgevene" title="Valgevene – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valgevene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorrusia" title="Bielorrusia – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bielorrusia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorrussia" title="Bielorrussia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Bielorrussia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بلاروس – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بلاروس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaruusiya" title="Belaruusiya – fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Belaruusiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valko-Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4" title="Valko-Venäjä – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valko-Venäjä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valg%C3%B5vinne" title="Valgõvinne – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Valgõvinne" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADtarussland" title="Hvítarussland – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hvítarussland" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biélorussie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A8lorussia" title="Bièlorussia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bièlorussia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witjruslun" title="Witjruslun – frizonă nordică" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Witjruslun" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizonă nordică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussie" title="Bielorussie – friulană" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bielorussie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyt-Rusl%C3%A2n" title="Wyt-Ruslân – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wyt-Ruslân" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Bhealar%C3%BAis" title="An Bhealarúis – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Bhealarúis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyaz_Rusiya" title="Biyaz Rusiya – găgăuză" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Biyaz Rusiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="găgăuză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/By%C3%A9lorisi" title="Byélorisi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Byélorisi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%27_Bhealaruis" title="A&#039; Bhealaruis – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="A&#039; Bhealaruis" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%C3%BAs" title="Belarús – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Belarús" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vielorr%C3%BAsia" title="Vielorrúsia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Vielorrúsia" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe&#039;ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%88%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B3" title="𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳 – gotică" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B8" title="બેલારુસ – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બેલારુસ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Velaroosh" title="Yn Velaroosh – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Velaroosh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – chineză hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="chineză hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusa" title="Belarusa – hawaiiană" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Belarusa" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaiiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="בלארוס – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בלארוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articol de calitate"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjelorusija" title="Bjelorusija – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bjelorusija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9B%C5%82oruska" title="Běłoruska – sorabă de sus" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Běłoruska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="sorabă de sus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byelorisi" title="Byelorisi – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Byelorisi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9roroszorsz%C3%A1g" title="Fehéroroszország – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehéroroszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD" title="Բելառուս – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բելառուս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պելառուսիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պելառուսիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusia" title="Bielorusia – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Bielorusia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusia" title="Bielorusia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bielorusia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADta-R%C3%BAssland" title="Hvíta-Rússland – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvíta-Rússland" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7" title="ベラルーシ – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベラルーシ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/belrus" title="belrus – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="belrus" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9larus" title="Bélarus – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bélarus" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბელარუსი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბელარუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belorussiya" title="Belorussiya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Belorussiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byilurusya" title="Byilurusya – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Byilurusya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%85%D1%83" title="Урысыху – kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Урысыху" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyeloorusi" title="Piyeloorusi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Piyeloorusi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarut" title="Belarut – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Belarut" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusia" title="Belarusia – congoleză" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Belarusia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congoleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F" title="បេឡារុស – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បេឡារុស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೆಲಾರುಸ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಲಾರುಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A3%A8%EC%8A%A4" title="벨라루스 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벨라루스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – komi-permiak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белоруссия – karaceai-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Белоруссия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karaceai-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%C3%BBs" title="Belarûs – kurdă" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Belarûs" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarussi" title="Belarussi – cornică" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Belarussi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenia_Alba" title="Ruthenia Alba – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ruthenia Alba" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusia" title="Bielorusia – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Bielorusia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A4issrussland" title="Wäissrussland – luxemburgheză" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wäissrussland" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Беларусия – lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Беларусия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielarus" title="Bielarus – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Bielarus" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit-Rusland" title="Wit-Rusland – limburgheză" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Wit-Rusland" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielor%C3%B9scia" title="Bielorùscia – liguriană" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Bielorùscia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="liguriană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bieloruscia" title="Bieloruscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bieloruscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielur%C3%BCssia" title="Bielurüssia – lombardă" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bielurüssia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusia" title="Bielorusia – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bielorusia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດເບລາຣຸດຊີ – laoțiană" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດເບລາຣຸດຊີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltarusija" title="Baltarusija – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltarusija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltkr%C4%ABveja" title="Boltkrīveja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Boltkrīveja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltkrievija" title="Baltkrievija – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltkrievija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – madureză" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madureză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Беларузмастор – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Беларузмастор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biel%C3%B4rosia" title="Bielôrosia – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bielôrosia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Белоруссий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Белоруссий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%93rara" title="Pērara – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pērara" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Белорусија – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Белорусија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="ബെലാറുസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെലാറുസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81" title="ꯕꯦꯂꯥꯔꯨꯁ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯦꯂꯥꯔꯨꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Белорусси – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Белорусси" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarussja" title="Belarussja – malteză" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Belarussja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorr%C3%BAssia" title="Bielorrússia – mirandeză" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bielorrússia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ဘီလာရုဇ်နိုင်ငံ – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘီလာရုဇ်နိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Белорузия Республикась – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Белорузия Республикась" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بلاروس – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بلاروس" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – napolitană" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wittrussland" title="Wittrussland – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Wittrussland" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit-Ruslaand" title="Wit-Ruslaand – saxona de jos" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Wit-Ruslaand" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="saxona de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारुस – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेलारुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारुस – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बेलारुस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit-Rusland" title="Wit-Rusland – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wit-Rusland" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – sotho de nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C7%AB%CA%BC_%C5%81ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Sǫʼ Łichíiʼnii Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Sǫʼ Łichíiʼnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valgo-Ven%27a" title="Valgo-Ven&#039;a – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Valgo-Ven&#039;a" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beelaarus" title="Beelaarus – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Beelaarus" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%8B%E0%AC%B7" title="ବେଲାଋଷ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବେଲାଋଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8" title="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaro" title="Belaro – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Belaro" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusya" title="Bielorusya – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bielorusya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C3%A9lorussie" title="Biélorussie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Biélorussie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B8" title="बेलारूस – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बेलारूस" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82oru%C5%9B" title="Białoruś – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Białoruś" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="بیلارس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیلارس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Λευκορουσία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λευκορουσία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بېلاروس – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بېلاروس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorr%C3%BAssia" title="Bielorrússia – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bielorrússia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilurusya" title="Pilurusya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pilurusya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorussia" title="Bielorussia – romanșă" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Bielorussia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanșă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusia_alb%C3%A3" title="Arusia albã – aromână" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Arusia albã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromână" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russie_Vianghe" title="Russie Vianghe – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Russie Vianghe" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Білорусь – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Білорусь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusi" title="Belarusi – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Belarusi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="शुक्लरास्या – sanscrită" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="शुक्लरास्या" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrită" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Беларусь – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Беларусь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5" title="ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱞᱟᱨᱩᱥ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielor%C3%B9ssia" title="Bielorùssia – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Bielorùssia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielurussia" title="Bielurussia – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bielurussia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaroushie" title="Belaroushie – scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Belaroushie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بيلاروس – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بيلاروس" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilges-Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1a" title="Vilges-Ruošša – sami de nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Vilges-Ruošša" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami de nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%C3%BCsi" title="Belarüsi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Belarüsi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belorusija" title="Belorusija – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Belorusija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilarus" title="Bilarus – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Bilarus" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88" title="မိူင်းပႄႇလႃႇရုတ်ႈ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းပႄႇလႃႇရုတ်ႈ" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="බෙලාරස් – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෙලාරස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielorusko" title="Bielorusko – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bielorusko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بیلاروس – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بیلاروس" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belorusija" title="Belorusija – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Belorusija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelarusa" title="Pelarusa – samoană" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Pelarusa" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vielgis-Ruo%C5%A1%C5%A1%C3%A2" title="Vielgis-Ruoššâ – sami inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Vielgis-Ruoššâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bherarusi" title="Bherarusi – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bherarusi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – somaleză" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjellorusia" title="Bjellorusia – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bjellorusia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Белорусија – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Белорусија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusikondre" title="Belarusikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Belarusikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBhelalasi" title="IBhelalasi – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IBhelalasi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – sesotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wietruslound" title="Wietruslound – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Wietruslound" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9larus" title="Bélarus – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Bélarus" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-syl mw-list-item"><a href="https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A5%EA%A0%A1" title="ꠛꠦꠟꠣꠞꠥꠡ – Sylheti" lang="syl" hreflang="syl" data-title="ꠛꠦꠟꠣꠞꠥꠡ" data-language-autonym="ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ" data-language-local-name="Sylheti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjo%C5%82oru%C5%9B" title="Bjołoruś – sileziană" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bjołoruś" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="sileziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="பெலருஸ் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெலருஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="బెలారస్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెలారస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bielor%C3%BAsia" title="Bielorúsia – tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Bielorúsia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81" title="Беларус – tadjică" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Беларус" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%AA" title="ประเทศเบลารุส – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเบลารุส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyelorusya" title="Biyelorusya – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Biyelorusya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelalusi" title="Pelalusi – tongană" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Pelalusi" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaras" title="Belaras – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Belaras" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Беларусия – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Беларусия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieror%C5%ABtia" title="Pierorūtia – tahitiană" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Pierorūtia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Белоруссия – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Белоруссия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%90%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%B3%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="بېلورۇسسىيە – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بېلورۇسسىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Білорусь – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Білорусь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="بیلاروس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بیلاروس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bie%C5%82or%C3%B9sia" title="Biełorùsia – venetă" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Biełorùsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaugedven%C3%A4ma" title="Vaugedvenäma – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vaugedvenäma" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit-Rusland" title="Wit-Rusland – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Wit-Rusland" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vieta%E2%B8%97Rus%C3%A4n" title="Vieta⸗Rusän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vieta⸗Rusän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar%C3%BBsseye" title="Belarûsseye – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Belarûsseye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belaarus" title="Belaarus – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Belaarus" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Цаһанорсин Орн – calmucă" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цаһанорсин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="calmucă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhelarusi" title="Bhelarusi – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Bhelarusi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ბელარუსი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბელარუსი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1" title="בעלארוס – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בעלארוס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%B9%CC%80l%C3%A1r%C3%B9s" title="Bẹ̀lárùs – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bẹ̀lárùs" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wit-Rusland" title="Wit-Rusland – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Wit-Rusland" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%99" title="ⴱⵉⵍⴰⵔⵓⵙ – tamazight standard marocană" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴱⵉⵍⴰⵔⵓⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight standard marocană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="白俄罗斯 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="白俄罗斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="白俄羅斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="白俄羅斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Belarus" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" title="白羅斯 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白羅斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBelarusi" title="IBelarusi – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IBelarusi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie:Belarus" rel="discussion" title="Discuții despre această pagină [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discuție</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">română</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vizualizări"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Belarus"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=history" title="Versiunile anterioare ale paginii și autorii lor. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Unelte" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Unelte</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Unelte</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai multe opțiuni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Acțiuni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Belarus"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Belarus" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Belarus" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fișier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;oldid=16742024" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&amp;page=Belarus&amp;id=16742024&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBelarus"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBelarus"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Belarus"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Belarus&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikinews.org/wiki/Categorie:Belarus" hreflang="ro"><span>Wikiștiri</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Belarus" hreflang="ro"><span>Wikivoyage</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q184" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span style="white-space: nowrap">&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articole_de_calitate" title="Acesta este un articol de calitate. Apăsați aici pentru mai multe informații."><img alt="Acesta este un articol de calitate. Apăsați aici pentru mai multe informații." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><table class="infocaseta"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="antet harta" style="background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Belarus</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background: linear-gradient( to right, rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(204, 210, 217, 1), rgba(156, 163, 170, 1)) repeat-y right; font-size: 130%; line-height: 1.2em; padding-top: 0;"><span class="fn org country-name"><span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">Рэспубліка Беларусь</span> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a>)<br /><span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Республика Беларусь</span> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a>)<br /><span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">Беларусь</span> (<a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table align="center" style="width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td width="58%"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Belarusului"><img alt="Drapelul Belarusului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/250px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_(2020%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stema Belarusului"><img alt="Stema Belarusului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Belarus_%282020%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="601" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Belarusului" title="Drapelul Belarusului">Drapelul Belarusului</a></small></td><td align="center"><small><a href="/wiki/Stema_Belarusului" title="Stema Belarusului">Stema Belarusului</a></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><b><a href="/wiki/Deviz%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Deviză">Deviză</a>:&#160;</b>Hospitality Beyond Borders <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P1546" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="margin:auto;text-align:center"><div style="margin-bottom:20"><b><a href="/wiki/Imn" title="Imn">Imn</a></b>:&#160;<a href="/wiki/M%C3%AE,_belarus%C3%AE" title="Mî, belarusî">Мы, беларусы</a></div><br /><div style="margin:auto"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="116" data-mwtitle="My_Belarusy.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/My_Belarusy.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/46/My_Belarusy.ogg/My_Belarusy.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=be&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="be" label="беларуская ‪(be)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=id&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=ja&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=pl&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=pt&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=ru&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=tr&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AMy_Belarusy.ogg&amp;lang=zh-tw&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文(臺灣) ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><table><tbody><tr><td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Europe-Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/330px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/500px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Europe-Belarus.svg/960px-Europe-Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td><div style="position:relative;top:0.3em"><small></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Geografie</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Suprafață</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th style=";font-weight: normal;">&#160;-&#160;totală</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">207.595&#160;km²&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_suprafa%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Lista țărilor după suprafață">locul&#160;86</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">Apă</a>&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Procentaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Procentaj">%</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">neglijabil</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai înalt punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Dziarj%C3%AEnskaia_hara" title="Dziarjînskaia hara">Hara Dziaržynskaja</a>&#32;(345&#160;m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P610" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai jos punct</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Neman" title="Neman">Neman</a>&#32;(90&#160;m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P1589" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cel mai mare oraș</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Vecini</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a><sup id="cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><br /><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a><sup id="cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a><sup id="cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><sup id="cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P47" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Fus_orar" title="Fus orar">Fus orar</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ora_Kievului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ora Kievului — pagină inexistentă">Ora Kievului</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Populație</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Densitate</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">60&#160;loc/km²</td></tr><tr><th style=";">&#160;-&#160;Estimare&#160;2025</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">9.109.280</td></tr><tr><th style=";">Limbi oficiale</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Etnonim</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><small>(masc.)</small> belarus, <small>(fem.)</small> belarusă, <small>(pl.)</small> <a href="/wiki/Belaru%C8%99i" title="Belaruși">belaruși</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Guvernare</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Sistem politic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">Republică prezidențială</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%99edintele_Belarusului" title="Președintele Belarusului">Președinte</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C8%99enko" title="Aleksandr Lukașenko">Aleksandr Lukașenko</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prim-mini%C8%99trii_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prim-miniștrii Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Prim-ministru</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Golovchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Golovchenko">Roman Golovchenko</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Legislativ</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adunarea_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adunarea Națională — pagină inexistentă">Adunarea Națională</a><sup><small>⁠(<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798607" class="extiw" title="d:Q1798607"><span title="Adunarea Națională la Wikidata">d</span></a>)</small></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P194" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Capitala</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Istorie</th></tr><tr><th style=";">formarea <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republicii_Autonome_Bielarusia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Republicii Autonome Bielarusia — pagină inexistentă">Republicii Autonome Bielarusia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/25_august" title="25 august">25 august</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">independenta față de <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/5_iulie" title="5 iulie">5 iulie</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Semnarea tratatului de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=B%C3%ADazd%C5%82a%C5%84sk%C3%A0%C4%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bíazdłańskàį — pagină inexistentă">Bíazdłańskàį</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/8_decembrie" title="8 decembrie">8 decembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Statul de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mogilev&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mogilev — pagină inexistentă">Mogilev</a> (Rusia Albă)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/12_septembrie" title="12 septembrie">12 septembrie</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> - <a href="/wiki/12_august" title="12 august">12 august</a> <a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Economie</th></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Paritatea_puterii_de_cump%C4%83rare" title="Paritatea puterii de cumpărare">PPC</a>)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2010</td></tr><tr><th style=";">&#160;-&#160;Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">131,201 miliarde USD<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">&#160;-&#160;Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">13.909 USD<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><b><a href="/wiki/Produs_intern_brut" class="mw-redirect" title="Produs intern brut">PIB</a></b> (nominal)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">2010</td></tr><tr><th style=";">&#160;-&#160;Total</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">54,713 miliarde USD<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";">&#160;-&#160;Pe cap de locuitor</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">5.800<sup id="cite_ref-imf2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Coeficientul_lui_Gini" title="Coeficientul lui Gini">Gini</a> (2005)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">27,9<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<span style="color:#090;">scăzut</span>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Indicele dezvoltării umane">IDU</a> (2015)</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><span style="color: red; font-size: larger;">▼</span> 0,796<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#32;(<span style="color:#090;">ridicat</span>)&#32;(<a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_dup%C4%83_indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Lista țărilor după indicele dezvoltării umane">locul&#160;52</a>)</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Valut%C4%83" title="Valută">Monedă</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/Rubl%C4%83_belarus%C4%83" title="Rublă belarusă">Rublă belarusă</a>&#32;(<code><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">BYN</a></code>)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Coduri și identificatori</th></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod <a href="/wiki/Comitetul_Olimpic_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Comitetul Olimpic Internațional">CIO</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">BLR <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P984" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Cod mobil</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">257 <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P2258" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";">Prefix telefonic</th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">375</td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">ISO 3166-2</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";">BY <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184#P297" title="Modificați la Wikidata"><img alt="Modificați la Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th style=";"><a href="/wiki/Domeniu_na%C8%9Bional_de_nivel_superior" title="Domeniu național de nivel superior">Domeniu Internet</a></th><td colspan="1" class="" style=";"><a href="/wiki/.by" title=".by">.by</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><div style="font-size:smaller;text-align:left"></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ccd2d9;color:#000000;">Prezență online</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belarus.by/">site web oficial</a><br /><a class="external text" href="https://hashtags-hub.toolforge.org/Belarus">hasthtag</a></td></tr><tr><td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px ##ccd2d9 solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; color:var(--color-base, #000); text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;">Modifică <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184" class="extiw" title="d:Q184">date</a> /&#32;<a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">text</a></span>&#160;<span title="Consultați documentația formatului"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format:Infocaseta_%C8%9Aar%C4%83" title="Consultați documentația formatului"><img alt="Consultați documentația formatului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/20px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/40px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16861271">.mw-parser-output .infocaseta{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#000)}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style> <p><b>Belarus</b> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">Беларусь</span>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Беларусь</span>, transliterat: <span lang="ru-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Belarus</span> sau <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Белоруссия</span>, transliterat <i>Belorussia</i>, <span style="white-space:no-wrap">pronunție <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a>:&#160;<span class="AFI nowrap" title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" lang="be-Latn-fonipa">[bʲɛɫ̪äˈrus̪ʲ]</span></span>), denumită oficial <b>Republica Belarus</b>, este o țară fără ieșire la mare, aflată în <a href="/wiki/Europa_de_Est" title="Europa de Est">Europa de Est</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-unee_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unee-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> vecină cu <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a> către nord-est, <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a> către sud, <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a> către vest, și <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> și <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> către nord-vest. Capitala țării este <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>; printre alte orașe mari se numără <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gomel" title="Gomel">Gomel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moghil%C4%83u,_Belarus" title="Moghilău, Belarus">Moghilău</a> și <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk (Vițebsk)</a>. Peste 40&#160;% dintre cei 207.600&#160;km² sunt împăduriți,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> iar principalele sectoare economice sunt agricultura și industria prelucrătoare. </p><p>Până în secolul al XX-lea, teritoriile Belarusului modern au aparținut mai multor țări, între care se numără <a href="/w/index.php?title=Principatul_Polo%C8%9Bkului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Principatul Poloțkului — pagină inexistentă">Principatul Poloțkului</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marele Ducat al Lituaniei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Polono-Lituanian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Polono-Lituaniană">Uniunea Polono-Lituaniană</a>, și <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Rus" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a>. După <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Rus%C4%83_din_1917" title="Revoluția Rusă din 1917">Revoluția Rusă</a>, Belarusul a devenit <a href="/wiki/Republicile_Uniunii_Sovietice" title="Republicile Uniunii Sovietice">republică constituentă a Uniunii Sovietice</a>, primind numele de <a href="/wiki/Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Bielorusă">Republica Sovietică Socialistă Bielorusă</a> (RSSB). Frontierele Belarusului au luat forma lor actuală în 1939–1945, când unele teritorii ale celei de <a href="/wiki/A_Doua_Republic%C4%83_Polonez%C4%83" title="A Doua Republică Poloneză">a doua republică Poloneză</a> i-au fost incorporate în urma <a href="/wiki/Invazia_sovietic%C4%83_a_Poloniei" title="Invazia sovietică a Poloniei">invaziei sovietice a Poloniei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uni1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni3_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni4_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni6_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Țara și teritoriul său au fost devastate de <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, în timpul căruia Belarusul a pierdut circa o treime din populație și mai mult de jumătate din resursele economice.<sup id="cite_ref-axell_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axell-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Republica s-a dezvoltat din nou în anii postbelici. În 1945, RSS Bielorusă a devenit membră fondatoare a <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">Națiunilor Unite</a>, împreună cu alte 50 de state ale lumii. </p><p>Parlamentul republicii a declarat suveranitatea Belarusului la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">27 iulie</span> 1990, și în procesul de <a href="/wiki/Destr%C4%83marea_Uniunii_Sovietice" class="mw-redirect" title="Destrămarea Uniunii Sovietice">destrămare a Uniunii Sovietice</a>, Belarusul și-a declarat independența la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">25 august</span> 1991. <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Luka%C8%99enko" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Lukașenko">Alexander Lukașenko</a> este președintele țării din 1994. În ciuda obiecțiilor guvernelor occidentale, Lukașenko a continuat politicile din epoca sovietică, între care <a href="/wiki/Economie_planificat%C4%83" title="Economie planificată">perpetuarea proprietății de stat în economie</a>. Conform unor organizații și țări, alegerile au fost incorecte, iar adversarii politici ai președintelui au fost suprimați violent.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Belarus ocupă un loc scăzut în măsurătorile internaționale ale libertății presei și ale libertăților civile și este singura țară europeană care are în vigoare pedeapsa capitală. <sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2000, Belarus și Rusia au semnat un acord de extindere a cooperării, afirmând dorința de a crea <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Rusia-Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Rusia-Belarus">o uniune</a>. </p><p>Peste 70&#160;% din populația de 9,49&#160;milioane de oameni a Belarusului trăiește în zone urbane.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peste 80&#160;% din populație este formată din etnici belaruși, cu minorități semnificative de <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">ruși</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polonezi" title="Polonezi">polonezi</a> și <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">ucraineni</a>. De la referendumul din 1995, țara are două limbi oficiale: <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusa</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusa</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Constituția Belarusului</a> nu declară o religie oficială, deși principala religie practicată în țară este <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83_Rus%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă">ortodoxia rusă</a>. A doua religie, romano-catolicismul, are un număr mult mai mic de credincioși, dar atât Paștele cât și Crăciunul ortodox și catolic sunt sărbători naționale. Belarusul are cel mai mare <a href="/wiki/Indicele_dezvolt%C4%83rii_umane" title="Indicele dezvoltării umane">indice al dezvoltării umane</a> din membrii <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Comunitatea Statelor Independente">CSI</a>. Țara s-a alăturat <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Tratatului_de_Securitate_Colectiv%C4%83" title="Organizația Tratatului de Securitate Colectivă">OTSC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Economic%C4%83_Euroasiatic%C4%83" title="Uniunea Economică Euroasiatică">Uniunii Economice Euroasiatice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_pentru_Securitate_%C8%99i_Cooperare_%C3%AEn_Europa" title="Organizația pentru Securitate și Cooperare în Europa">OSCE</a> și <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99carea_de_Nealiniere" title="Mișcarea de Nealiniere">Mișcării de Nealiniere</a>. Nu a arătat nicio aspirație de a adera la <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunea Europeană</a>, dar menține totuși o relație bilaterală cu blocul comunitar și participă, de asemenea, la două proiecte UE, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ini%C8%9Biativa_de_la_Baku&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inițiativa de la Baku — pagină inexistentă">Inițiativa de la Baku</a> și <a href="/wiki/Parteneriatul_Estic" title="Parteneriatul Estic">Parteneriatul Estic</a>. Belarus și-a suspendat participarea la acesta din urmă pe 28 iunie 2021, după ce UE a impus mai multe sancțiuni împotriva țării.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Etimologie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Denumirea de „Belarus” corespunde literal termenului „<a href="/wiki/Rusia_Alb%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusia Albă">Rusia Albă</a>” (Rutenia Albă). Există mai multe presupuneri privind originea numelui „Rutenia Albă”.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> O teorie etno-religioasă sugerează că numele utilizat pentru descrierea părții din vechile <a href="/wiki/Rutenia" title="Rutenia">pământuri rutene</a> aflate în granițele <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marelui Ducat al Lituaniei</a> care fusese populată predominant de slavii creștinați, spre deosebire de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutenia_Neagr%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutenia Neagră — pagină inexistentă">Rutenia Neagră</a>, care era predominant locuită de baltici păgâni.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> O explicație alternativă a numelui este pe marginea hainelor albe purtate de slavii autohtoni.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> O a treia teorie sugerează că vechile pământuri rutene necucerite de <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tari" title="Tătari">tătari</a> (adică Połack, Vitebsk și <a href="/wiki/Moghil%C4%83u,_Belarus" title="Moghilău, Belarus">Moghilău</a>) fuseseră denumite „albe”. Alte surse susțin că înainte de 1267, pământul necucerit de mongoli era considerat „Rutenia Albă”.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2008, istoricul Ales Bely și-a prezentat teza de doctorat,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> care sugera că denumirea de „Rutenia Albă” se referă la zona <a href="/wiki/Republica_Novgorodului" title="Republica Novgorodului">Republicii Novgorodului</a> cucerită de <a href="/wiki/Cnezatul_Moscovei" title="Cnezatul Moscovei">Cnezatul Moscovei</a> în 1478; în termenii geografiei actuale, aceasta înseamnă estul Belarusului și zonele cucerite prin expansiunea spre vest a Moscovei în timpul <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Livonian" title="Războiul Livonian">Războiului Livonian</a> din secolul al XVII-lea. </p><p>Numele de „Rutenia” este uneori substituit cu cel de „Rusia”, și astfel „Rutenia Albă” este denumită uneori „Rusia Albă”. Această confuzie a fost încurajată de regenții moscoviți după căderea <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană">Rusiei Kievene</a>. Cnejii moscoviți, începând cu Ivan al IV-lea, s-au considerat succesori de drept ai dinastiei ducale rutene, iar utilizarea numelui de „Rusia” cu referire la toate fostele pământuri rutene (ale slavilor răsăriteni) a devenit o armă politică și <a href="/wiki/Casus_belli" title="Casus belli">casus belli</a> pentru cucerirea tuturor teritoriilor rutene ocupate de Lituania și Polonia.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Numele a apărut pentru prima oară în <a href="/wiki/Literatur%C4%83_medieval%C4%83" title="Literatură medievală">literatura medievală</a> în germană și latină; cronicile lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_din_Czarnk%C3%B3w&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan din Czarnków — pagină inexistentă">Jan din Czarnków</a> amintesc de încarcerarea marelui duce lituanian <a href="/wiki/Jogaila" class="mw-redirect" title="Jogaila">Jogaila</a> și a mamei sale în „Albae Russiae, Poloczk dicto” la 1381.<sup id="cite_ref-vauchez_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vauchez-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Termenul latinesc <i>Alba Russia</i> a fost utilizat din nou de către <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pius_al_VI-lea" title="Papa Pius al VI-lea">Papa Pius al VI-lea</a> pentru a înființa o societate iezuită în 1783. Bula papală oficială afirma: „Approbo Societatem Jesu in Alba Russia degentem, approbo, approbo”.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Prima utilizare a termenului de „Rusia Albă” cu referire la Belarus a fost pe la sfârșitul secolului al XVI-lea, din partea lui <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Horsey" title="Jerome Horsey">Jerome Horsey</a>, un englez cunoscut pentru legăturile strânse cu curtea regală rusă.<sup id="cite_ref-alies_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alies-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În secolul al XVII-lea, țarii ruși au folosit denumirea de „Rutenia Albă” pentru a descrie pământurile cucerite de la <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marele Ducat al Lituaniei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belarus a fost numită oficial de către ruși „Bielorusia” (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">Белоруссия</span>; cu ultima parte similară în română, dar nu și în rusă cu termenul „Rusia”&#160;&#8212; scris Россия) în <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Rus" title="Imperiul Rus">perioada țaristă</a>, iar țarul rus se autointitula „Țar al tuturor Rusiilor”, întrucât imperiul său era format din toate Rusiile&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Mare" title="Rusia Mare">cea Mare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Mic%C4%83" title="Rusia Mică">cea Mică</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Alb%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rusia Albă">cea Albă</a>. După <a href="/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Bol%C8%99evic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Revoluția Bolșevică">Revoluția Bolșevică</a> din 1917, termenul de „Rusia Albă” a provocat confuzie cu forțele militare social-democrate care se opuneau bolșevicilor „roșii”.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În perioada RSS Bieloruse, a fost îmbrățișat termenul de „Bielorusia” ca parte a conștiinței naționale. În Belarusul de vest, aflat sub control polonez în perioada interbelică, termenul de „Byelorussia” a fost utilizat cu referire la regiunile orașelor Białystok și <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Termenul de „Bielorusia” (numele din alte limbi, inclusiv în română, bazându-se pe forma rusească) a fost utilizat oficial până în 1991, când Sovietul Suprem al RSS Bieloruse a declarat republica independentă cu numele de „Belarus” (Беларусь, în rusă), pentru a reflecta forma corectă în limba autohtonă. Utilizarea temporară a denumirilor RSS Bielorusă și a abrevierilor sale a fost permis între 1991 și 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-bynamelaw_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bynamelaw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forțele conservatoare din Belarusul independent nu au susținut schimbarea de nume și s-au opus fără succes includerii sale în propunerea constituțională din 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Oficial, numele complet al țării este „Republica Belarus” (Рэспубліка Беларусь, Республика Беларусь, Respublika Belarus).<sup id="cite_ref-bynamelaw_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bynamelaw-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Astfel, numele de „Bielorusia” a fost înlocuit de „Belarus” pe plan internațional, în limbile de circulație mondială,<sup id="cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> în limba română, dar și parțial în rusă (deși numele tradițional încă persistă); similar, adjectivul „bielorus” a fost înlocuit cu „belarus”<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (deși în rusă nu a apărut un alt adjectiv). „Bielorus” este mai apropiat de termenul rusesc inițial <i>bielaruski</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Intelectualii belaruși din anii staliniști au încercat să schimbe numele din „Bielorusia” spre o formă de „Krivia” din cauza presupusei legături cu Rusia.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unii naționaliști s-au opus numelui din același motiv.<sup id="cite_ref-levy_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unele state preferă însă să folosească în continuare denumirea tradițională, istorică, în limba națională. Astfel, în <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a>, deși o petiție a fost depusă de cetățeni beloruși pentru modificarea numelui din „Vitryssland” în „Belarus”,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> denumirea oficială continuă să fie cea de „Vitryssland” (în traducere „Rusia Albă”).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>, deși denumirea oficială în limba franceză la ONU este „République de Bélarus” (traducere propusă de guvernul belarus), la recomandarea mai multor instituții franceze între care <a href="/wiki/Academia_Francez%C4%83" title="Academia Franceză">Academia Franceză</a> și Ministerul de Externe, continuă să fie folosit numele de „Biélorussie”.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mai multe ziare populare publicate pe plan local păstrează însă numele vechi al țării în limba rusă, ca de exemplu <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Komsomolskaia_Pravda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Komsomolskaia Pravda — pagină inexistentă">Komsomolskaia Pravda v Bielorussii</a></i>, varianta locală a unui popular ziar rusesc. Cei ce doresc reunificarea Belarusului cu Rusia continuă să utilizeze și ei termenul de „Bielorusia”.<sup id="cite_ref-levy_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-levy-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Rutenia_Alb%C4%83" title="Rutenia Albă">Rutenia Albă</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16785627">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex;gap:0.5ch}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .rellink{display:flex;gap:0.5ch}}</style> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Istoria_Belarusului" title="Istoria Belarusului">Istoria Belarusului</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16785627" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Înainte_de_Primul_Război_Mondial"><span id=".C3.8Enainte_de_Primul_R.C4.83zboi_Mondial"></span>Înainte de Primul Război Mondial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Înainte de Primul Război Mondial" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Înainte de Primul Război Mondial"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În regiune, au fost descoperite atât rămășițe de <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">homo erectus</a> cât și de <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthalieni</a>. Între anii 5000 și 2000 î.e.n., au predominat culturile Bandkerimik. Pe lângă acestea, în Belarus și în parți din <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a>, s-au găsit urme din <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Nipru-Done%C8%9B" title="Cultura Nipru-Doneț">cultura Nipru-Doneț</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-shaw_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-shaw-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cimerieni" title="Cimerieni">Cimerienii</a> și ale triburi de păstori locuiau zona prin 1000 î.e.n., iar înainte de 500 e.n., slavii se stabiliseră aici, fiind înconjurați de <a href="/wiki/Sci%C8%9Bi" title="Sciți">sciți</a>. Diferite triburi barbare asiatice, <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">huni</a> și <a href="/wiki/Avari" title="Avari">avari</a> au migrat pe aici în preajma anilor 400–600 e.n., dar nu au dislocat elementul slav.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg/200px-Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg/300px-Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg/400px-Stemp_Efrasinia_Polackaja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="629" /></a><figcaption>Timbru cu <a href="/wiki/Crucea_Sfintei_Eufrosina" title="Crucea Sfintei Eufrosina">Crucea Sfintei Eufrosina</a> din 1992</figcaption></figure> <p>Regiunea ce astăzi formează Belarusul a fost populată de triburi slave în secolul al VI-lea. Odată cu trecerea timpului, <a href="/wiki/Slavi" title="Slavi">slavii</a> i-au asimilat pe <a href="/wiki/Sci%C8%9Bi" title="Sciți">sciții</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarma%C8%9Bi" title="Sarmați">sarmații</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cimerieni" title="Cimerieni">cimerienii</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bal%C8%9Bi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Balți — pagină inexistentă">balticii</a> ce locuiau alături de ei. Începând cu secolul 9, <a href="/wiki/Slavi" title="Slavi">slavii</a> au intrat treptat în contact cu <a href="/wiki/Varegi" title="Varegi">varegii</a>, negustori și războinici <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">scandinavi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rambaud_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rambaud-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Deși înfrânți și goniți pentru scurt timp de către localnici, varegilor li s-a cerut ulterior să revină<sup id="cite_ref-rambaud_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rambaud-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și au ajutat la formarea unei entități statale&#160;&#8212; denumită astăzi <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană">Rusia Kieveană</a>&#160;&#8212; în schimbul unui tribut. Statul Rusiei Kievene a apărut în 862 fie în apropierea <a href="/wiki/Kiev" title="Kiev">Kievului</a><sup id="cite_ref-Treuttel_1841_38_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treuttel_1841_38-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> fie în zona <a href="/wiki/Veliki_Novgorod" title="Veliki Novgorod">Novgorodului</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treuttel_1841_38_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treuttel_1841_38-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cu timpul, poporul <a href="/wiki/Vareg" class="mw-redirect" title="Vareg">vareg</a> a sfârșit prin a fi asimilat de masa slavă. Rădăcina rus’ din endonimul vareg a supraviețuit în numele națiunilor moderne belaruse, ruse și rutene, precum și în numele finlandez și eston pentru Suedia (Ruotsi, respectiv Rootsi). </p><p>După moartea liderului kievean <a href="/wiki/Iaroslav_I_cel_%C3%8En%C8%9Belept" title="Iaroslav I cel Înțelept">Iaroslav I cel Înțelept</a>, statul s-a dezmembrat în principate independente.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aceste principate rutene au fost grav afectate de o <a href="/wiki/Marea_invazie_mongol%C4%83" title="Marea invazie mongolă">invazie mongolă</a> în secolul al XIII-lea, și multe au fost ulterior încorporate în <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marele Ducat al Lituaniei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Din principatele anexate de Marele Ducat, nouă erau locuite de strămoși ai belarușilor.<sup id="cite_ref-zaprudnik_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaprudnik-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În această perioadă, Ducatul s-a implicat în mai multe campanii militare, inclusiv în luptele de partea Poloniei împotriva <a href="/wiki/Cavalerii_Teutoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavalerii Teutoni">Cavalerilor Teutoni</a> în <a href="/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Grunwald" title="Bătălia de la Grunwald">bătălia de la Grunwald</a> din 1410; victoria a permis Lituaniei să controleze frontierele nord-vestice ale Europei de Est.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg/170px-Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg/255px-Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg/340px-Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania_Rus_and_Samogitia_1434.jpg 2x" data-file-width="767" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>Poziția Marelui Ducat al Lituaniei în Europa de Est până în 1434.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png/250px-Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png/330px-Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png/500px-Lithuania_in_the_17th_century.png 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="1235" /></a><figcaption>Harta <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Lituaniei" title="Marele Ducat al Lituaniei">Marelui Ducat al Lituaniei</a>: Belarusul actual este inclus în întregime în granițele sale. </figcaption></figure> <p>La 2 februarie 1386, Marele Ducat al Lituaniei și <a href="/wiki/Regatul_ultimilor_Pia%C8%99ti" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul ultimilor Piaști">Regatul Poloniei</a> au intrat într-o <a href="/wiki/Uniune_personal%C4%83" title="Uniune personală">uniune personală</a> prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uniunea_de_la_Krewo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uniunea de la Krewo — pagină inexistentă">căsătoria conducătorilor lor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Această unire a pus în mișcare o serie de evenimente ce a dus la formarea <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Polono-Lituanian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Polono-Lituaniană">Uniunii Polono-Lituaniene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_de_la_Lublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea de la Lublin">formată în 1569</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marele_Ducat_al_Moscovei" class="mw-redirect" title="Marele Ducat al Moscovei">Rușii</a>, în frunte cu <a href="/wiki/Ivan_al_III-lea_al_Rusiei" title="Ivan al III-lea al Rusiei">Ivan al III-lea al Moscovei</a>, au început cuceririle militare în 1486 în încercarea de a cuceri pământurile Rusiei Kievene, și anume teritoriile de astăzi ale Belarusului și Ucrainei.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Uniunea dintre Polonia și Lituania a luat sfârșit în 1795 odată cu <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83r%C8%9Birile_Poloniei" title="Împărțirile Poloniei">Împărțirile Poloniei</a> între <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_Rus" title="Imperiul Rus">Imperiul Rus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Prusiei" title="Regatul Prusiei">Prusia</a> și <a href="/wiki/Arhiducatul_Austriei" title="Arhiducatul Austriei">Austria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În această perioadă teritoriile Belarusului au fost cucerite de Imperiul Rus condus de <a href="/wiki/Ecaterina_a_II-a_a_Rusiei" title="Ecaterina a II-a a Rusiei">Ecaterina a&#160;II-a</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> care le-a păstrat până la ocuparea lor de către <a href="/wiki/Imperiul_German" title="Imperiul German">Imperiul German</a> în <a href="/wiki/Primul_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Primul Război Mondial">Primul Război Mondial</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="După_prima_independență"><span id="Dup.C4.83_prima_independen.C8.9B.C4.83"></span>După prima independență</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: După prima independență" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: După prima independență"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În cursul negocierilor pentru <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_de_la_Brest-Litovsk" title="Tratatul de la Brest-Litovsk">tratatul de la Brest-Litovsk</a>, Belarus și-a declarat independența sub ocupație germană la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">25 martie</span> 1918, formând <a href="/wiki/Republica_Popular%C4%83_Belarus" title="Republica Populară Belarus">Republica Populară Belarus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-birgerson_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birgerson-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Imediat după aceea, a izbucnit <a href="/wiki/R%C4%83zboiul_Polono-Sovietic" class="mw-redirect" title="Războiul Polono-Sovietic">Războiul Polono-Sovietic</a>, iar Belarusul s-a găsit prins între Polonia și Rusia Sovietică. O parte din Belarus a căzut sub control rusesc și a devenit <a href="/wiki/RSS_Bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS Bielorusă">RSS Bielorusă</a> în 1919. La scurt timp după aceea, ea a fost transformată în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Lituano%E2%80%93Bielorus%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Lituano–Bielorusă — pagină inexistentă">Republica Sovietică Socialistă Lituano–Bielorusă</a>. Teritoriile contestate au fost împărțite între Polonia și <a href="/wiki/URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="URSS">URSS</a> după încheierea războiului în 1921, iar RSS Bielorusă a devenit membru fondator al URSS în 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-birgerson_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-birgerson-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Partea vestică a Belarusului actual a rămas parte a Poloniei.<sup id="cite_ref-ocu1_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocu1-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ocu2_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ocu2-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În anii 1920, au fost demarate reformele agrare care au culminat cu <a href="/wiki/Colectivizarea_%C3%AEn_URSS" class="mw-redirect" title="Colectivizarea în URSS">colectivizarea în Belarusul sovietic</a>. În anii 1930, implementarea planurilor cincinale a dus la accelerarea industrializării. În același timp, în Belarusul de Vest, populația s-a bucurat de libertate economică și socială, iar începând cu 1926 drepturile culturale ale majorității belaruse din regiunea aparținând Poloniei au fost crescute, aceasta bucurându-se de școli în limba belarusă și de utilizarea limbii în administrație. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:BrestFortress7.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BrestFortress7.JPG/250px-BrestFortress7.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BrestFortress7.JPG/330px-BrestFortress7.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/BrestFortress7.JPG/500px-BrestFortress7.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fort%C4%83rea%C5%A3a_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortăreaţa Brest">Fortăreața Brest</a>, monument al celui de al Doilea Război Mondial</figcaption></figure> <p>În 1939, <a href="/wiki/Germania_Nazist%C4%83" title="Germania Nazistă">Germania Nazistă</a> și Uniunea Sovietică <a href="/wiki/Invazia_Poloniei" class="mw-redirect" title="Invazia Poloniei">au invadat și au ocupat Polonia</a>, aducând începutul celui de <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>. Mare parte din Polonia de nord-est, consfințită astfel prin <a href="/wiki/Pacea_de_la_Riga" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacea de la Riga">pacea de la Riga</a> cu 20 de ani în urmă, a fost anexată <a href="/wiki/RSS_Bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS Bielorusă">RSS Bieloruse</a>, și formează acum regiunea istorică denumită <a href="/wiki/Belarusul_de_Vest" title="Belarusul de Vest">Belarusul de Vest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uni1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni2_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni3_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni3-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni4_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni4-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uni6_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Consiliul Popular Bielorus, sub control sovietic, a preluat teritoriile locuite predominant de etnici belaruși, la 28 octombrie 1939 la <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-uni6_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uni6-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Germania Nazistă <a href="/wiki/Opera%C8%9Biunea_Barbarossa" title="Operațiunea Barbarossa">a invadat apoi Uniunea Sovietică</a> în 1941. <a href="/wiki/Fort%C4%83rea%C8%9Ba_Brest" title="Fortăreața Brest">Fortăreața Brest</a>, anexată în 1939, a fost supusă unuia dintre cele mai distructive asalturi și apărarea ei în 1941 a rămas în memorie ca act de eroism împotriva agresiunii germane. Statistic, RSS Bielorusă a fost cea mai afectată republică sovietică în timpul războiului și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocupa%C8%9Bia_nazist%C4%83_a_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocupația nazistă a Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">a rămas în mâinile naziștilor</a> până în 1944. În acea perioadă, Germania a distrus 209 din cele 290 de orașe ale republicii, 85&#160;% din industrie, și peste un milion de clădiri.<sup id="cite_ref-axell_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axell-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Numărul morților a fost estimat între două și trei milioane (aproape un sfert, până la o treime din populația totală), în vreme ce populația evreiască a fost devastată de <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> și nu a mai revenit.<sup id="cite_ref-axell_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axell-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-warpop_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warpop-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Populația Belarusului a revenit la nivelul dinainte de război abia în 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-warpop_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warpop-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>După război, Belarus a fost una dintre cele 51 de țări fondatoare ale <a href="/wiki/Carta_Organiza%C8%9Biei_Na%C8%9Biunilor_Unite" title="Carta Organizației Națiunilor Unite">Cartei Organizației Națiunilor Unite</a> și i s-a permis să aibă un vot adițional în ONU, pe lângă cel al URSS. Reconstrucția postbelică a început imediat după război și RSS Bielorusă a devenit un important centru industrial al vestului Uniunii Sovietice, creând locuri de muncă și atrăgând etnici <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">ruși</a> care au imigrat.<sup id="cite_ref-Soviet-era_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soviet-era-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Frontierele RSS Bieloruse și ale Poloniei au fost retrasate de-a lungul așa-numitei <a href="/wiki/Linia_Curzon" title="Linia Curzon">Linii Curzon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-olson95_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-olson95-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Iosif_Stalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Iosif Stalin">Iosif Stalin</a> a implementat o politică de <a href="/wiki/Sovietizare" title="Sovietizare">sovietizare</a> pentru a izola RSS Bielorusă de influențele occidentale.<sup id="cite_ref-warpop_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warpop-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Această politică a implicat aducerea de ruși și alți alogeni din diverse părți ale Uniunii Sovietice, punându-i în posturi-cheie în cadrul guvernului republicii. Utilizarea oficială a <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">limbii belaruse</a> și alte aspecte culturale au fost limitate de către Moscova. După moartea lui Stalin în 1953, <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Hru%C8%99ciov" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikita Hrușciov">Nikita Hrușciov</a> a continuat politica de hegemonie culturală a predecesorului său, declarând: „cu cât începem cu toții mai repede să vorbim rusește, cu atât mai repede vom construi comunismul.”<sup id="cite_ref-warpop_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-warpop-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 1986, RSS Bielorusă a fost expusă semnificativ efectelor exploziei <a href="/wiki/Dezastrul_de_la_Cernob%C3%AEl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezastrul de la Cernobîl">centralei termonucleare de la Cernobîl</a> din <a href="/wiki/RSS_Ucrainean%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS Ucraineană">RSS Ucraineană</a> vecină.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorby_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorby-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În iunie 1988, arheologul ce avea să devină apoi lider al Partidului Conservator Creștin al Frontului Popular Belarus, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zianon_Pa%C5%BAniak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zianon Paźniak — pagină inexistentă">Zianon Paźniak</a> a descoperit gropi comune ale victimelor executate între 1937–1941 la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurapaty&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurapaty — pagină inexistentă">Kurapaty</a>, lângă Minsk.<sup id="cite_ref-Gorby_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gorby-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unii naționaliști au afirmat că această descoperire este dovadă că guvernul sovietic a încercat distrugerea poporului belarus, determinându-i pe naționaliști să ceară independența.<sup id="cite_ref-massgraves_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-massgraves-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În martie 1990, au avut loc alegerile pentru Sovietul Suprem al RSS Bieloruse. Deși Frontul Popular Belarus, pro-independență, a obținut doar 10&#160;% din locuri, populația a fost mulțumită de delegații aleși.<sup id="cite_ref-byind_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byind-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarus s-a declarat stat suveran la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">27 iulie</span> 1990, adoptând <a href="/w/index.php?title=Declara%C8%9Bia_de_Suveranitate_a_Republicii_Sovietice_Socialiste_Belaruse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Declarația de Suveranitate a Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Belaruse — pagină inexistentă">Declarația de Suveranitate a Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Belaruse</a>. Cu susținerea Partidului Comunist, numele țării a fost schimbat în Republica Belarus la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">25 august</span> 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat3_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat3-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stanislav_%C8%98u%C8%99chievici" title="Stanislav Șușchievici">Stanislau Šuškevič</a>, președintele Sovietului Suprem al Belarusului, s-a întâlnit cu liderii <a href="/wiki/Boris_El%C8%9Bin" class="mw-redirect" title="Boris Elțin">Boris Elțin</a> al Rusiei și <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kravciuk" title="Leonid Kravciuk">Leonid Kravciuk</a> al <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucrainei</a> la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">8 decembrie</span> 1991 în <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83durea_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa" title="Pădurea Białowieża">pădurea Białowieża</a> pentru a declara oficial dizolvarea Uniunii Sovietice și formarea <a href="/wiki/CSI" class="mw-redirect" title="CSI">Comunității Statelor Independente</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-byind_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byind-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">constituție națională</a> a fost adoptată în martie 1994, și în cadrul ei funcția de șef al guvernului a fost comasată cu cea de președinte al țării. Alegeri prezidențiale în două tururi de scrutin, la (<span style="white-space:nowrap;">24 iunie</span> și <span style="white-space:nowrap;">10 iulie</span> 1994)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> l-au adus la conducerea țării pe necunoscutul până atunci <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C8%99enko" title="Aleksandr Lukașenko">Aleksandr Lukașenko</a>. El a obținut 45&#160;% din voturi în primul tur și 80&#160;%<sup id="cite_ref-byind_68-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byind-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> în al doilea, învingându-l pe <a href="/w/index.php?title=Via%C4%8Dasla%C7%94_Kiebi%C4%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Viačaslaǔ Kiebič — pagină inexistentă">Viačaslaǔ Kiebič</a> care a primit 14&#160;% din voturi. Lukașenko a fost reales în 2001, 2006, 2010 și 2015. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Geografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg/330px-Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg/500px-Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg/960px-Strusta_Lake_-_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lacul_Strusta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lacul Strusta — pagină inexistentă">Lacul Strusta</a> din <a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Vi%C8%9Bebsk" title="Regiunea Vițebsk">regiunea Vițebsk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Belarus se află între paralelele de 51 și 57° latitudine nordică, și între meridianele de 23 și 33° longitudine estică. Este o țară fără ieșire la mare, cu un relief predominant șes, cu mari porțiuni de terenuri <a href="/wiki/Mla%C8%99tin%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Mlaștină">mlăștinoase</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ciageo_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciageo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Conform unei estimări a ONU din 2005, 40&#160;% din teritoriul Belarusului este acoperit cu păduri.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În Belarus există multe ape curgătoare și circa 11.000 de lacuri.<sup id="cite_ref-ciageo_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciageo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Trei mari râuri curg prin țară: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Neman" class="mw-redirect" title="Râul Neman">Neman</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2ul_Pripeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Râul Pripeat">Pripeat</a> și <a href="/wiki/Nipru" title="Nipru">Nipru</a>. Nemanul curge către vest spre <a href="/wiki/Marea_Baltic%C4%83" title="Marea Baltică">Marea Baltică</a>, iar Pripeatul curge spre est către Nipru; Niprul curge spre sud, către <a href="/wiki/Marea_Neagr%C4%83" title="Marea Neagră">Marea Neagră</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bell_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bell-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cel mai înalt punct este <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dziar%C5%BEynskaja_Hara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dziaržynskaja Hara — pagină inexistentă">Dziaržynskaja Hara</a> (Dealul Dziaržynsk) cu 345&#160;m, iar punctul cel mai jos se află pe râul Neman la 90&#160;m.<sup id="cite_ref-ciageo_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciageo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Altitudinea medie în Belarus este de 160&#160;m peste nivelul mării.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Clima are ierni geroase, cu mediile lunii ianuarie la −6&#160;°C, și cu veri răcoroase și umede, cu o temperatură medie de 18&#160;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-locclimate_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locclimate-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Media anuală a precipitațiilor în Belarus se cifrează la 550–700&#160;mm.<sup id="cite_ref-locclimate_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locclimate-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Țara se află în zona tranzițională între <a href="/wiki/Climat_temperat-continental" title="Climat temperat-continental">clima continentală</a> și <a href="/wiki/Climatul_temperat-oceanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Climatul temperat-oceanic">clima oceanică</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ciageo_71-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciageo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg/220px-Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg/330px-Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg/440px-Belarus-Minsk_Province-Horses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Cai păscând în <a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Minsk" title="Regiunea Minsk">regiunea Minsk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Între resursele naturale se numără zăcăminte de <a href="/wiki/Turb%C4%83" title="Turbă">turbă</a>, mici cantități de petrol și gaze naturale, <a href="/wiki/Granit" title="Granit">granit</a>, dolomit (<a href="/wiki/Calcar" title="Calcar">calcar</a>), <a href="/wiki/Marn%C4%83" title="Marnă">marne</a>, gresii, nisipuri, prundiș și argilă.<sup id="cite_ref-ciageo_71-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciageo-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Circa 70&#160;% din radiațiile produse în <a href="/wiki/Dezastrul_de_la_Cernob%C3%AEl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dezastrul de la Cernobîl">dezastrul de la Cernobîl</a> ce a avut loc în Ucraina vecină în 1986 au pătruns în teritoriul Belarusului și în 2005 circa o cincime din teritoriul țării (în principal pădurile și zonele agricole din provinciile sud-estice) continuă să fie afectate de radiații.<sup id="cite_ref-Chernobyl_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chernobyl-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Națiunile Unite și alte agenții au încercat reducerea nivelului de radiații în zonele afectate, în special prin utilizarea absorbanților de cesiu și prin cultivarea de <a href="/wiki/Rapi%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Rapiță">rapiță</a>, cu scopul de a scădea nivelurile de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesiu-137&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesiu-137 — pagină inexistentă">cesiu-137</a> din sol.<sup id="cite_ref-uncher_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uncher-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-iaea_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iaea-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belarus se învecinează cu cinci țări&#160;&#8212; <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a> la nord, <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a> la nord-vest, Polonia la vest, Rusia la nord și la est, și Ucraina la sud. Frontierele cu Letonia și Lituania au fost delimitate prin tratate semnate în 1995 și 1996, dar Belarusul nu a ratificat imediat un tratat din 1997 ce stabilea frontiera cu Ucraina.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarus și Lituania au ratificat documentele finale de demarcație în februarie 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politica">Politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Politica"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Victory-square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Victory-square.jpg/250px-Victory-square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Victory-square.jpg/330px-Victory-square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Victory-square.jpg/500px-Victory-square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pia%C5%A3a_Victoriei,_Minsk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Piaţa Victoriei, Minsk — pagină inexistentă">Piața Victoriei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Belarusul este o <a href="/wiki/Republic%C4%83_preziden%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Republică prezidențială">republică prezidențială</a>, guvernată de președinte și de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adunarea_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adunarea Națională a Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Adunarea Națională</a>. Mandatul președintelui este de cinci ani. Conform constituției din 1994, președintele putea avea doar două mandate, dar această limitare a fost înlăturată în urma reformei constituționale din 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-bbclukapro_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbclukapro-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Din 1994, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Luka%C8%99enko" title="Aleksandr Lukașenko">Aleksandr Lukașenko</a> este președintele Belarusului. În 1996, Lukașenko a cerut un controversat vot pentru extinderea mandatului președintelui de la cinci la șapte ani, și ca urmare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_preziden%C8%9Biale_%C3%AEn_Belarus,_2001&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri prezidențiale în Belarus, 2001 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile</a> ce urmau să aibă loc în 1999 au fost amânate până în 2001. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendumul_din_Belarus,_1996&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendumul din Belarus, 1996 — pagină inexistentă">Referendumul privind prelungirea mandatului</a> a fost denunțat ca fiind un „fals fantastic” de către șeful Comisiei Electorale Centrale, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Viktar_Han%C4%8Dar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Viktar Hančar — pagină inexistentă">Viktar Hančar</a>, care a fost demis în timpul campaniei și ulterior a dispărut în 1999, fiind considerat mort.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Adunarea Națională este un legislativ bicameral, format din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Camera_Reprezentan%C8%9Bilor_din_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Camera Reprezentanților din Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Camera Reprezentanților</a> cu 110 membri și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sfatul_Republicii_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sfatul Republicii Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Sfatul Republicii</a> cu 64 de membri. </p><p>Camera Reprezentanților are datoria de a adopta amendamente constituționale și de a face propuneri în ce privește politica internă și externă. Sfatul Republicii are puterea de a numi diverși oficiali guvernamentali, de a-l pune sub acuzare pe președinte, și de a accepta sau respinge legile adoptate de camera inferioară. Fiecare cameră are drept de veto pe orice lege adoptată de oficialii regionali dacă ea nu respectă constituția.<sup id="cite_ref-conby_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conby-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Guvernul este un Consiliu de Miniștri condus de primul ministru și de cinci vice-prim-miniștri.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Membrii acestui consiliu nu sunt în mod obligatoriu membri ai legislativului și sunt numiți de președinte. Ramura judecătorească este reprezentată de Curtea Supremă și de instanțele specializate, cum ar fi Curtea Constituțională, care tratează aspecte legate de dreptul constituțional și de afaceri. Judecătorii tribunalelor naționale sunt numiți de președinte și confirmați de Sfatul Republicii. Pentru cazuri penale, cea mai înaltă instanță de apel este Curtea Supremă. Constituția Belarusului interzice utilizarea tribunalelor extrajudiciare speciale.<sup id="cite_ref-conby_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conby-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg/220px-Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg/330px-Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg/440px-Belarus-Minsk-House_of_Government_and_Vladimir_Lenin_Monument-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2325" data-file-height="1584" /></a><figcaption>Sediul guvernului de la Minsk, cu statuia lui <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Ilici_Lenin" title="Vladimir Ilici Lenin">Vladimir Ilici Lenin</a> în față.</figcaption></figure> <p>În 2007, 98 dintre cei 110 de membri ai Camerei Reprezentanților erau neafiliați politic, iar din restul de 12 membri, 8 aparțineau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Comunist_din_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Comunist din Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Partidului Comunist</a>, 3 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Agrar_(Belarus)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Agrar (Belarus) — pagină inexistentă">Partidului Agrar</a>, și unul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Liberal_Democrat_(Belarus)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Liberal Democrat (Belarus) — pagină inexistentă">Partidului Liberal Democrat</a>. Majoritatea parlamentarilor nepartizani reprezintă o gamă largă de organizații sociale, cum ar fi colectivele muncitorești, asociațiile publice și organizațiile societății civile, așa cum era și în perioada sovietică.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nici partidele pro-Lukașenko, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Socialist_Sportiv_din_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Socialist Sportiv din Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Socialist Sportiv din Belarus</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Republican_al_Muncii_%C8%99i_Drept%C4%83%C8%9Bii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Republican al Muncii și Dreptății — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Republican al Muncii și Dreptății</a>, și nici partidele de opoziție din <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coali%C8%9Bia_Popular%C4%83_5_Plus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Coaliția Populară 5 Plus — pagină inexistentă">Coaliția Populară 5 Plus</a>, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partyja_BPF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partyja BPF — pagină inexistentă">Frontul Popular din Belarus</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partidul_Civil_Unit_din_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Partidul Civil Unit din Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Partidul Civil Unit din Belarus</a>, nu au obținut vreun loc în parlament la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_legislative_%C3%AEn_Belarus,_2004&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri legislative în Belarus, 2004 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile din 2004</a>. Organizațiile internaționale, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> au declarat că alegerile nu au fost libere, din cauza rezultatelor slabe ale partidelor de opoziție și din cauza polarizării mass-media în favoarea guvernului.<sup id="cite_ref-OSCE_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSCE-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_preziden%C8%9Biale_%C3%AEn_Belarus,_2006&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri prezidențiale în Belarus, 2006 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile prezidențiale din 2006</a>, Lukașenko a candidat împotriva lui <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaksandar_Milinkievi%C4%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaksandar Milinkievič — pagină inexistentă">Alaksandar Milinkievič</a>, care reprezenta o coaliție de partide de opoziție, și împotriva social-democratului <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alaksandar_Kazulin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alaksandar Kazulin — pagină inexistentă">Alaksandar Kazulin</a>. Kazulin a fost reținut și agresat de poliție în timpul protestelor din timpul Adunării Populare Pan-Belaruse. Lukașenko a câștigat alegerile cu 80&#160;% din voturi; Federația Rusă și CSI au considerat alegerile libere și corecte<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> în vreme ce OSCE și alte organizații le-au considerat incorecte.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>După <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alegeri_preziden%C8%9Biale_%C3%AEn_Belarus,_2010&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alegeri prezidențiale în Belarus, 2010 — pagină inexistentă">alegerile prezidențiale din 2010</a>, Lukașenko a fost ales în al patrulea mandat consecutiv cu votul a aproape 80&#160;% din alegători. Liderul de opoziție, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Sannikov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Sannikov — pagină inexistentă">Andrei Sannikov</a>, a primit mai puțin de 3&#160;% din voturi; observatorii independenți au criticat alegerile ca fiind frauduloase. Când protestatarii opoziției au ieșit în străzi la <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, multe persoane, inclusiv candidații prezidențiali, au fost bătuți și arestați de către miliție.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-90"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mulți candidați, inclusiv Sannikov, au fost condamnați la închisoare sau la arest la domiciliu pe perioade de regulă mai mari de patru ani.<sup id="cite_ref-SannikovSentenced_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SannikovSentenced-91"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kyi_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kyi-92"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> După șase luni, în urma unei crize economice fără precedent, activiștii s-au folosit de <i><a href="/wiki/Re%C8%9Bea_de_socializare" title="Rețea de socializare">social networking</a></i> pentru a iniția o nouă rundă de proteste caracterizate prin bătăi din palme, fără scandări.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drepturile_omului">Drepturile omului</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Drepturile omului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Drepturile omului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg/250px-Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg/330px-Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg/500px-Flag_of_Belarus_in_Budejovice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4874" data-file-height="3251" /></a><figcaption>Simbol al opoziției din Belarus, acesta a fost și drapel național între 1991 și 1995.</figcaption></figure> <p>Lukașenko s-a autodescris ca având un „stil autoritar de guvernare”.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Țările occidentale au descris Belarusul lui Lukașenko ca fiind o dictatură; guvernul a acuzat la rândul lor Occidentul că încearcă să-l îndepărteze pe Lukașenko de la putere.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Consiliul_Europei" title="Consiliul Europei">Consiliul Europei</a> a exclus Belarusul din 1997, pentru alegeri nedemocratice și afectate de nereguli după referendumul constituțional din noiembrie 1996 și după alegerile legislative parțiale.<sup id="cite_ref-CoE_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CoE-96"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Guvernul Belarusului a fost criticat pentru încălcări ale drepturilor omului și pentru persecuția organizațiilor neguvernamentale, a ziariștilor independenți, a minorităților naționale și a politicienilor de opoziție.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-97"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Într-o mărturie depusă în fața Comisiei Senatului Statelor Unite pentru Relații Externe, fostul <a href="/wiki/Secretar_de_Stat_al_Statelor_Unite" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretar de Stat al Statelor Unite">secretar de stat al Statelor Unite</a> <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> a etichetat Belarusul ca fiind una dintre cele șase „avanposturi ale tiraniei” din lume.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ca răspuns, guvernul Belarusului a declarat această afirmație „departe de realitate”.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relații_externe"><span id="Rela.C8.9Bii_externe"></span>Relații externe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Relații externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Relații externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/220px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/330px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg/440px-Lukashenko_and_Medvedev_December_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Luka%C5%9Fenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksander Lukaşenko">Aleksander Lukașenko</a> (stânga) dând mâna cu <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Medvedev" title="Dmitri Medvedev">Dmitri Medvedev</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pre%C8%99edintele_Rusiei" class="mw-redirect" title="Președintele Rusiei">președintele Rusiei</a>) în 2008</figcaption></figure> <p>Belarus și Rusia sunt parteneri comerciali și aliați diplomatici de la destrămarea Uniunii Sovietice. Belarusul depinde de Rusia în ce privește importurile de materii prime și ca piață de export.<sup id="cite_ref-stategov_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stategov-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Rusia-Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Rusia-Belarus">Uniunea Rusia-Belarus</a>, o confederație supranațională, a fost înființată printr-o serie de tratate în perioada 1996–99, și are ca scop formarea unei uniuni monetare, drepturi egale, cetățenie unică, și politică externă și de apărare comună.<sup id="cite_ref-stategov_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stategov-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Viitorul acestei uniuni rămâne însă incert, din cauza întârzierilor repetate ale uniunii monetare cauzate de Belarus, lipsa unei date pentru un referendum asupra constituției sale, și o dispută din 2007 pe marginea comerțului cu petrol.<sup id="cite_ref-stategov_101-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stategov-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>La 11 decembrie 2007, au apărut unele informații privind discuțiile despre formarea noului stat.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La <span style="white-space:nowrap;">27 mai</span> 2008, Lukașenko a spus că l-a numit pe premierul rus <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> „prim ministru” al alianței Rusia-Belarus. Semnificația acestui act a rămas neclară; s-a bănuit și s-a zvonit că Putin ar fi devenit președinte al uniunii Rusia-Belarus în mai 2008 după încheierea mandatului de președinte.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belarus este membru fondator al <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Comunitatea Statelor Independente">Comunității Statelor Independente</a> (CSI); funcționarea acestei organizații este însă și ea pusă la îndoială chiar de către unii membri ai ei.<sup id="cite_ref-cisstrained_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cisstrained-105"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarusul are acorduri comerciale cu mai multe state membre ale <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_European%C4%83" title="Uniunea Europeană">Uniunii Europene</a> (deși alte state ale Uniunii au impus interdicție de intrare asupra lui Lukașenko și asupra altor oficiali de rang înalt),<sup id="cite_ref-euban_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-euban-106"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> inclusiv statele vecine Letonia, Lituania și Polonia.<sup id="cite_ref-foreignrelations_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreignrelations-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Interdicțiile de intrare în UE au fost ridicate temporar în trecut pentru a-i permite lui Lukașenko să participe la întruniri diplomatice și să poarte dialog cu grupările de opoziție.<sup id="cite_ref-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relațiile bilaterale cu Statele Unite sunt tensionate deoarece Departamentul de Stat al SUA susține diverse ONG-uri anti-Lukașenko, și deoarece guvernul belarus a făcut dificilă operarea pe teritoriul țării a organizațiilor originare din SUA.<sup id="cite_ref-fy97_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fy97-109"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tensiunile diplomatice rămân ridicate, iar în 2004, Statele Unite au adoptat Legea pentru Democrație în Belarus, prin care se autoriza finanțarea ONG-urilor pro-democrație din Belarus, și amâna creditele acordate guvernului din Belarus, cu excepția celor în scop umanitar.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În pofida acestor fricțiuni politice, cele două țări cooperează în domeniul protejării <a href="/wiki/Proprietate_intelectual%C4%83" title="Proprietate intelectuală">proprietății intelectuale</a>, al prevenirii traficului cu ființe umane, al combaterii criminalității tehnologice și al înlăturării efectelor dezastrelor naturale.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Relațiile sino-belaruse s-au îmbunătățit,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> după vizita lui Lukașenko în China în octombrie 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarus are relații strânse și cu <a href="/wiki/Siria" title="Siria">Siria</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> stat considerat partener-cheie în Orientul Mijlociu.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Pe lângă CSI, Belarusul este membru al Comunității Economice Euro-Asiatice, al Organizației Tratatului de Securitate Colectivă,<sup id="cite_ref-foreignrelations_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreignrelations-107"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> al Mișcării de Nealiniere din 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-byintorgs_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byintorgs-116"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> al <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">Organizației pentru Securitate și Cooperare în Europa</a> (OSCE), și al ONU începând din 1945. Ca membru OSCE, angajamentele internaționale ale Belarusului sunt supuse monitorizării sub mandatul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comisia_Helsinki&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Comisia Helsinki — pagină inexistentă">Comisiei Helsinki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armata">Armata</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Armata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Armata"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=For%C8%9Bele_Armate_ale_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Forțele Armate ale Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Forțele Armate ale Belarusului</a> sunt compuse din trei ramuri: Armata, Forțele Aeriene, și personalul general al Ministerului Apărării. General-colonel Leonid Malțev conduce Ministerul Apărării,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> iar Aleksander Lukașenko (în calitate de șef al statului) este comandant suprem.<sup id="cite_ref-s4_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s4-119"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Forțele Armate s-au înființat în 1992 pe baza unor părți din fosta <a href="/wiki/Armata_Sovietic%C4%83" title="Armata Sovietică">Armată Sovietică</a> aflate pe teritoriul republicii. Procesul de transformare a forțelor sovietice în Armata Belarusului, încheiat în 1997, a dus la reducerea numărului de soldați cu 30.000 și restructurarea formațiunilor și conducerii.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mare parte din membrii armatei Belarusului sunt recruți în serviciu obligatoriu, care durează 12 luni pentru absolvenții de învățământ superior și 18 luni pentru restul.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Scăderea demografică a populației în segmentul de vârstă a recrutării a crescut importanța soldaților profesioniști, care numărau în 2001 12.000 de persoane.<sup id="cite_ref-conscripts_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-conscripts-122"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2005, circa 1,4&#160;% din PIB-ul Belarusului este dedicat cheltuielilor militare.<sup id="cite_ref-ciabymil_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciabymil-123"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarus nu și-a exprimat dorința de a adera la <a href="/wiki/NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a> dar a participat la Programul Parteneriat Individual începând cu 1997,<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> iar Belarusul oferă suport pentru realimentare și utilizare a spațiului aerian pentru misiunea <a href="/wiki/ISAF" class="mw-redirect" title="ISAF">ISAF</a> din <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarus a început cooperarea cu NATO prin semnarea documentelor de participare la Programul Parteneriat pentru Pace în 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarusul nu poate însă să adere la NATO deoarece este membră a <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Tratatului_de_Securitate_Colectiv%C4%83" title="Organizația Tratatului de Securitate Colectivă">Organizației Tratatului de Securitate Colectivă</a>. Tensiunile dintre NATO și Belarus au ajuns la un maxim după alegerile prezidențiale din martie 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Împărțirea_administrativă"><span id=".C3.8Emp.C4.83r.C8.9Birea_administrativ.C4.83"></span>Împărțirea administrativă</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Împărțirea administrativă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Împărțirea administrativă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belarusul este împărțit în șase regiuni (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">вобласць</span>, <i>voblasć</i>, în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">область</span>, <i>oblast</i>), denumite fiecare după orașul de reședință.<sup id="cite_ref-s1_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Fiecare regiune are o autoritate legislativă regională, denumită <i>sfat regional</i> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">абласны Савет Дэпутатаў</span> <i>ablasny Savet Deputataŭ</i>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">областной Совет Депутатов</span>, <i>oblastnoi Sovet Deputatov</i>), ales de locuitorii fiecărei regiuni, precum și o autoritate regională executivă denumită Comitetul Administrativ (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">абласны выканаўчы камітэт</span>, <i>ablasny vykanaŭčy kamitet</i>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">областной исполнительный комитет</span>, <i>oblastnoi ispolnitelnnîi komitet</i>), al cărui președinte este numit de președintele țării.<sup id="cite_ref-s5_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s5-129"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Regiunile sunt împărțite la rândul lor în raioane (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">раён</span>, <i>rajon</i>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">район</span>, <i>raion</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-s1_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s1-128"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Belarus_provinces_english.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Belarus_provinces_english.png/330px-Belarus_provinces_english.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Belarus_provinces_english.png/500px-Belarus_provinces_english.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Belarus_provinces_english.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>Regiunile Belarusului</figcaption></figure> <p>Fiecare <i>raion</i> are propria autoritate legislativă, sau <i>sfat raional</i>, (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusă</a> <span lang="be" style="font-style:italic">раённы Савет Дэпутатаў</span>, <i>rajonny Savet Deputataŭ</i>; în <a href="/wiki/Limba_rus%C4%83" title="Limba rusă">rusă</a> <span lang="ru" style="font-style:italic">районный Совет Депутатов</span>, <i>raionîi Sovet Deputatov</i>) ales de locuitori, și o autoritate executivă numită de guvern. În 2002, cele șase regiuni erau împărțite în 118 raioane, 102 orașe, și 108 de așezări urbanizate.<sup id="cite_ref-carvalho_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carvalho-130"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Orașul Minsk este împărțit în nouă districte și are statut special, fiind capitala țării.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> El este guvernat de un comitet executiv și a primit chartă de autoguvernare.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Regiuni (cu reședințele lor):</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Brest" title="Regiunea Brest">Regiunea Brest</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Gomel" title="Regiunea Gomel">Regiunea Gomel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gomel" title="Gomel">Gomel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Grodno" title="Regiunea Grodno">Regiunea Grodno</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Moghil%C4%83u" title="Regiunea Moghilău">Regiunea Moghilău</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moghil%C4%83u,_Belarus" title="Moghilău, Belarus">Moghilău</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Minsk" title="Regiunea Minsk">Regiunea Minsk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regiunea_Vitebsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Regiunea Vitebsk">Regiunea Vitebsk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>)</li></ol> <p><b>Teritoriu cu statut special:</b> </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Orașul Minsk</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economie">Economie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Economie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Economie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Image-Belarusion_GDP_grow_(1995-~2008).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Image-Belarusion_GDP_grow_%281995-~2008%29.png/250px-Image-Belarusion_GDP_grow_%281995-~2008%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Image-Belarusion_GDP_grow_%281995-~2008%29.png/500px-Image-Belarusion_GDP_grow_%281995-~2008%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Creșterea PIBului Belarusului între 1995 și 2007, plus o estimare pe 2008.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG/250px-Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG/375px-Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG/500px-Sector-focused_structure_of_Gross_Domestic_Product_in_2008.JPG 2x" data-file-width="529" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Economia belarusă pe sectoare.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg/250px-Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg/330px-Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg/500px-Tree_map_export_2009_Belarus.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Prezentare grafică a exporturilor Belarusului în 28 de categorii.</figcaption></figure> <p>Mare parte din economia Belarusului rămâne în continuare <a href="/wiki/Economie_planificat%C4%83" title="Economie planificată">controlată de stat</a><sup id="cite_ref-stategov_101-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stategov-101"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și a fost descrisă ca fiind „de tip sovietic”.<sup id="cite_ref-AJE1_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AJE1-133"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Astfel, 51,2&#160;% din forța de muncă din țară este angajată în companii de stat, 47,4&#160;% în companii private locale (dintre care doar 5,7&#160;% au capital parțial străin), iar 1,4&#160;% lucrează la companii străine.<sup id="cite_ref-econstats_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-econstats-134"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Țara importă în principal din Rusia, inclusiv petrol.<sup id="cite_ref-natotrade_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natotrade-135"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Printre cele mai importante produse agricole se numără cartofii și produsele rezultate din creșterea vitelor, inclusiv carne și lapte.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaecon_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaecon-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 1994, principalele produse de export ale Belarusului erau mașinile grele (în special tractoare), produse agricole și energie.<sup id="cite_ref-byexports_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byexports-138"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Istoric, industria textilă și prelucrarea lemnului au constituit părți semnificative din industrie.<sup id="cite_ref-wood_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wood-139"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La destrămarea URSS în 1991, Belarusul era una dintre cele mai industrializate țări din lume, în termeni de procentaj al producției industriale în PIB, și era cel mai bogat stat membru al CSI.<sup id="cite_ref-wb97_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wb97-140"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Economic, Belarusul s-a implicat în CSI, <a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Economic%C4%83_Euroasiatic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunitatea Economică Euroasiatică">Comunitatea Economică Euroasiatică</a> și în <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Rusia-Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Rusia-Belarus">Uniunea cu Rusia</a>. </p><p>În anii 1990, însă, producția industrială s-a prăbușit din cauza scăderii importurilor, investițiilor și a cererii de produse belaruse din partea partenerilor comerciali.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> PIB-ul a început să crească abia în 1996;<sup id="cite_ref-bybriefwb06_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bybriefwb06-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> aceasta a coincis cu implementarea subvențiilor de stat.<sup id="cite_ref-bybriefwb06_142-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bybriefwb06-142"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2006, PIB-ul ajunsese la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">83,1 miliarde de dolari</span> cu paritate a puterii de cumpărare (estimată), sau circa 8.100 de dolari pe cap de locuitori.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaecon_137-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaecon-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2005, PIB crescuse cu 9,9&#160;%; rata medie a inflației era de 9,5&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-ciaecon_137-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciaecon-137"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>În 2006, cel mai mare partener comercial al Belarusului era Rusia, cu circa jumătate din tranzacții, al doilea fiind Uniunea Europeană în ansamblul ei, cu circa o treime din volumul total al tranzacțiilor.<sup id="cite_ref-tradestats_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tradestats-143"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eutrade_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eutrade-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Din cauza neprotejării drepturilor muncitorilor, însă, Belarusul și-a pierdut statutul din cadrul Sistemului Generalizat de Preferințe al UE la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">21 iunie</span> 2007, ceea ce a dus la creșterea taxelor vamale la nivelul normal.<sup id="cite_ref-eutrade_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eutrade-144"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Belarusul a cerut să devină membru al <a href="/wiki/Organiza%C8%9Bia_Mondial%C4%83_a_Comer%C8%9Bului" title="Organizația Mondială a Comerțului">OMC</a> în 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg/250px-500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg/330px-500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg/500px-500_Belarus_2009_back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="283" /></a><figcaption>Reversul bancnotei de 500 de <a href="/wiki/Rubl%C4%83_bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rublă bielorusă">ruble belaruse</a> (BYN), moneda națională</figcaption></figure> <p>Forța de muncă este formată din peste patru milioane de oameni, între care femeile dețin puțin mai multe slujbe decât bărbații.<sup id="cite_ref-labor_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labor-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În 2005, circa un sfert din populație era angajată în industrie.<sup id="cite_ref-labor_146-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labor-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mulți oameni lucrau și în agricultură, vânzări și educație. Rata șomajului, conform statisticilor guvernamentale, era de 1,5&#160;% în 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-labor_146-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labor-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Existau 679.000 de belaruși șomeri, dintre care două treimi erau femei.<sup id="cite_ref-labor_146-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labor-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rata șomajului a scăzut după 2003, când rata totală a șomajului a fost cea mai mare de la începutul înregistrărilor din 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-labor_146-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-labor-146"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moneda Belarusului este <a href="/wiki/Rubla_bielorus%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubla bielorusă">rubla belarusă</a> (BYN). Ea a fost introdusă în mai 1992, în locul <a href="/wiki/Rubla_sovietic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubla sovietică">rublei sovietice</a>. Rubla a fost denominată în 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> În contextul <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Rusia-Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Rusia-Belarus">Uniunii Statele Rusia-Belarus</a>, ambele țări au discutat utilizarea unei monede unice după modelul euro. Aceasta a dus la propunerea ca rubla belarusă să fie desființată și înlocuită cu <a href="/wiki/Rubla_ruseasc%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubla rusească">rubla rusească</a> (RUB), începând cu <span style="white-space:nowrap;">1 ianuarie</span> 2008. În august 2007, <a href="/wiki/Banca_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_a_Republicii_Belarus" title="Banca Națională a Republicii Belarus">Banca Națională a Republicii Belarus</a> nu a mai ținut cursul de schimb fix cu rubla rusească.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sistemul bancar al Belarusul constă din treizeci de bănci de stat și una privatizată.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La 23 mai 2011, rubla belarusă s-a depreciat cu 56&#160;% față de dolar. Deprecierea aceasta a fost și mai abruptă pe piața neagră, iar colapsul financiar părea iminent, cetățenii cumpărând masiv dolari, euro, bunuri de utilizare îndelungată și alimente conservate.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> La 1 iunie 2011, Belarusul a cerut un pachet economic de salvare de la <a href="/wiki/Fondul_Monetar_Interna%C8%9Bional" title="Fondul Monetar Internațional">Fondul Monetar Internațional</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demografie">Demografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Demografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Demografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conform recensământului din 2009, populația este de 9.503.807.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerat1_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerat1-153"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Etnicii <a href="/wiki/Belaru%C8%99i" title="Belaruși">belaruși</a> constituie 83,7&#160;% din totalul populației.<sup id="cite_ref-2009census_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009census-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Principalele minorități sunt: <a href="/wiki/Ru%C8%99i" title="Ruși">rușii</a> (8,3&#160;%), <a href="/wiki/Polonezi" title="Polonezi">polonezii</a> (3,1&#160;%), și <a href="/wiki/Ucraineni" title="Ucraineni">ucrainenii</a> (1,7&#160;%).<sup id="cite_ref-2009census_154-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009census-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cele două limbi oficiale în Belarus sunt rusa și <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">belarusa</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rusa este limba principală, utilizată de 72&#160;% din populație, în timp ce belarusa, a doua limbă oficială, mai este folosită doar de 11,9&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Minoritățile vorbesc și <a href="/wiki/Limba_polonez%C4%83" title="Limba poloneză">poloneza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limba_ucrainean%C4%83" title="Limba ucraineană">ucraineana</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_idi%C8%99" title="Limba idiș">idiș</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Densitatea medie a populației Belarusului este de circa 50 de locuitori pe kilometru pătrat; 70&#160;% din populație este concentrată în zone urbane. <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, capitala țării și cel mai mare oraș, este locuit de 1.836.808 locuitori, în 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-2009census_154-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2009census-154"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gomel" title="Gomel">Gomel</a>, cu 481.000 de locuitori, este al doilea oraș și este reședința regiunii Homjel. Alte mari orașe sunt <a href="/wiki/Moghil%C4%83u,_Belarus" title="Moghilău, Belarus">Moghilău</a> (365.100), <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a> (342.400), <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a> (314.800) și <a href="/wiki/Brest,_Belarus" title="Brest, Belarus">Brest</a> (298.300).<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ca și multe alte țări europene, Belarusul înregistrează scădere demografică și spor natural negativ. În 2007, populația Belarusului a scăzut cu 0,41&#160;% și rata fertilității a fost de 1,22,<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> mult sub rata de înlocuire. Rata migrației nete este de +0,38 la 1.000 de locuitori, indicând că Belarusul are parte de o imigrație puțin mai mare ca emigrația. În 2007, 69,7&#160;% din populația Belarusului avea vârsta cuprinsă între 14 și 64 de ani; 16&#160;% avea sub 14 ani, iar 14,6&#160;% avea peste 65. Populația este în proces de îmbătrânire: vârsta mediană este de 37 de ani, dar se estimează că până în 2050 ar putea ajunge între 55 și 65 de ani.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Raportul între bărbați și femei în Belarus este de circa 0,88.<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_159-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Speranța medie de viață este de 68,7&#160;ani (63&#160;ani pentru bărbați și 74,9&#160;ani pentru femei).<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_159-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Peste 99&#160;% din belaruși știu să citească și să scrie.<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_159-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-159"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religia">Religia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Religia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Religia"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg/220px-Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg/330px-Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg/440px-Belarus-Polatsk-Cathedral_of_Sophia-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Catedrala Sfânta Sofia din Polack/Poloțk</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă">Ortodoxismul</a> este religia practicată de 80&#160;% din populație. Catolicismul este răspândit mai ales în vest, existând și diferite culte <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">protestante</a> (datând în special din timpul ocupației <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suediei</a> protestante).<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Alte minorități practică <a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">iudaismul</a> și alte religii. Mulți Belaruși au trecut la <a href="/wiki/Biserica_Ortodox%C4%83_Rus%C4%83" title="Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă">Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă</a> după anexarea de către Rusia a zonelor belaruse din <a href="/wiki/Uniunea_Polono-Lituanian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniunea Polono-Lituaniană">Uniunea Polono-Lituaniană</a>. Ca urmare, Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă este principala organizație religioasă ca număr de aderenți. </p><p>Minoritatea romano-catolică din Belarus, care constituie circa 15&#160;% din populație<sup id="cite_ref-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican-108"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> și este concentrată în vestul țării, în special în zona orașului <a href="/wiki/Hrodna" class="mw-redirect" title="Hrodna">Hrodna</a>, este formată atât din belaruși, cât și din membrii minorităților <a href="/wiki/Polonezi" title="Polonezi">poloneză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Lituanieni" title="Lituanieni">lituaniană</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Belarus_–_Religion_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belarus_–_Religion-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Într-o declarație dată mass-media în ce privește legăturile între Belarusian și Vatican, președintele Lukașenko a afirmat că ortodocșii și catolicii sunt „principalele două confesiuni din țara noastră”.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Circa un procent aparțin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biserica_Greco-Catolic%C4%83_Belarus%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biserica Greco-Catolică Belarusă — pagină inexistentă">Bisericii Greco-Catolice Belaruse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Belarus_–_Religion_163-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Belarus_–_Religion-163"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Belarusul a fost un principal centru al populației evreiești din Europa, 10&#160;% din populație fiind evreiască înaintea celui de al Doilea Război Mondial. Aceasta a fost redusă însă de război, înfometare, deportări, masacre și emigrări, astfel că astăzi ea a rămas doar o mică minoritate, de mai puțin de 1&#160;%.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/T%C4%83tari_lipcani" title="Tătari lipcani">Tătarii lipcani</a>, în număr de peste 15.000, sunt musulmani. Conform articolului 16 al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Constituției</a>, Belarusul nu are religie oficială. Deși același articol acordă <a href="/wiki/Libertate_religioas%C4%83" title="Libertate religioasă">libertatea religiilor</a>, organizațiile religioase considerate dăunătoare guvernului sau ordinii sociale pot fi interzise.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Cultura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Skaryna_1517.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Skaryna_1517.jpg/150px-Skaryna_1517.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Skaryna_1517.jpg/225px-Skaryna_1517.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Skaryna_1517.jpg/300px-Skaryna_1517.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francysk_Skaryna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francysk Skaryna — pagină inexistentă">Francysk Skaryna</a>, care a dezvoltat limba belarusă, unul dintre primii care a tipărit texte scrise cu alfabetul chirilic.</figcaption></figure> <div role="note" class="dezambiguizare rellink boilerplate seealso">Articol principal: <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Belarusului" title="Cultura Belarusului">Cultura Belarusului</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16785627" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Modifică secțiunea: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Literatura"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Literatura belarusă a început cu textele religioase din secolele al XI-lea–al XIII-lea, cum ar fi poeziile din secolul al XII-lea ale lui <a href="/wiki/Kirill_Turovski" title="Kirill Turovski">Chiril din Turaŭ</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bypoem_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bypoem-167"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Până în secolul al XVI-lea, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francysk_Skaryna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francysk Skaryna — pagină inexistentă">Francysk Skaryna</a> din <a href="/wiki/Polo%C8%9Bk" title="Poloțk">Poloțk</a> a tradus Biblia în belarusă. Această traducere a fost publicată la <a href="/wiki/Praga" title="Praga">Praga</a> și la <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> în anii 1517 și 1525, ea devenind prima carte tipărită în Belarus și chiar în toată Europa de Est.<sup id="cite_ref-byeb_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byeb-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Era modernă a literaturii belaruse a început la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea; un scriitor proeminent a fost <a href="/wiki/Yanka_Kupala" title="Yanka Kupala">Janka Kupała</a>. Mulți scriitori belaruși ai vremii, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=U%C5%82adzimir_%C5%BDy%C5%82ka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uładzimir Žyłka — pagină inexistentă">Uładzimir Žyłka</a>, Kazimir Svajak, <a href="/wiki/Yakub_Kolas" title="Yakub Kolas">Yakub Kolas</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%B9mitrok_Biadula" title="Źmitrok Biadula">Źmitrok Biadula</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maksim_Haretski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maksim Haretski — pagină inexistentă">Maksim Haretski</a>, au scris pentru <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%C5%A1a_Niva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naša Niva — pagină inexistentă">Naša Niva</a></i>, un ziar de limbă belarusă publicat la Vilnius. </p><p>După ce Belarusul a fost incorporat în Uniunea Sovietică, guvernul sovietic a preluat controlul asupra chestiunilor culturale ale republicii. La început, a fost urmată o politică de „bielorusizare” în nou-formata (RSS Bielorusă). Această politică a fost inversată în anii 1930, iar majoritatea intelectualilor belaruși și a naționaliștilor au fost exilați sau uciși în epurările staliniste.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Libera dezvoltare a literaturii belaruse a avut loc doar în teritoriul deținut de Polonia până la ocupația sovietică din 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-byeb_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byeb-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mai mulți poeți și scriitori au plecat în exil după ocuparea nazistă a Belarusului și s-au întors abia în anii 1960.<sup id="cite_ref-byeb_168-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byeb-168"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ultima mare revigorare a literaturii belaruse a avut loc în anii 1960, cu romanele publicate de <a href="/wiki/Vasil_Byka%C5%AD" title="Vasil Bykaŭ">Vasil Bykaŭ</a> și <a href="/wiki/U%C5%82adzimir_Karatkievi%C4%8D" title="Uładzimir Karatkievič">Uładzimir Karatkievič</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg/150px-Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg/225px-Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg/300px-Wincenty_Dunin-Marcinkiewicz_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="1126" /></a><figcaption>Scriitorul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Dunin-Marcinkievi%C4%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič — pagină inexistentă">Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cei mai cunoscuți scriitori moderni sunt <a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievici" title="Svetlana Alexievici">Svetlana Alexievici</a>, Vladimir Nyaklyaev, Lyudmila Rublevskaya, <a href="/wiki/Oleg_Grushecki" title="Oleg Grushecki">Oleg Grushecki</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muzica">Muzica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Modifică secțiunea: Muzica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Muzica"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG/200px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG/300px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG/400px-Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1044" data-file-height="1268" /></a><figcaption>Stanisław Moniuszko</figcaption></figure> <p>În secolul al XIX-lea, compozitorul polonez <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Moniuszko" title="Stanisław Moniuszko">Stanisław Moniuszko</a> a compus opere și bucăți de muzică de cameră pe când locuia în Minsk. În timpul șederii sale, a colaborat cu poetul belarus <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vincent_Dunin-Marcinkievi%C4%8D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič — pagină inexistentă">Vincent Dunin-Marcinkievič</a> pentru a crea opera <i>Sielanka</i> (<i>Țăranca</i>). La sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea, marile orașe belaruse aveau propria operă și propria trupă de balet. Baletul <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Privighetoarea_(balet)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Privighetoarea (balet) — pagină inexistentă">Privighetoarea</a></i> de M. Kroshner a fost compus în perioada sovietică și a devenit primul balet belarus reprezentat la Teatrul Național Academic de Balet Bolșoi din Minsk.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>După <a href="/wiki/Al_Doilea_R%C4%83zboi_Mondial" title="Al Doilea Război Mondial">al Doilea Război Mondial</a>, muzica s-a concentrat pe greutățile îndurate de poporul belarus și pe cei care au luptat pentru apărarea patriei. În această perioadă, A. Bogatîriov, autorul operei <i>În pădurea virgină Polesye</i>, a servit drept „mentor” al compozitorilor belaruși.<sup id="cite_ref-clasmus_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clasmus-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Teatrul Național Academic de Balet, din Minsk, a primit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prix_Benois_de_la_Danse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Prix Benois de la Danse — pagină inexistentă">Premiul Benois de la Dance</a> în 1996, acordat celei mai bune trupe de balet din lume.<sup id="cite_ref-clasmus_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clasmus-171"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Muzica rock a devenit recent din ce în ce mai populară, deși guvernul a încercat să limiteze cantitatea de muzică străină difuzată la radio în favoarea muzicii tradiționale. Din 2004, Belarusul trimite artiști la <a href="/wiki/Concursul_muzical_Eurovision" class="mw-redirect" title="Concursul muzical Eurovision">concursul muzical Eurovision</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arte_interpretative">Arte interpretative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Modifică secțiunea: Arte interpretative" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Arte interpretative"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg/220px-Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg/330px-Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg/440px-Belarus-Homel-Regional_Drama_Theater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Teatrul regional din Gomel</figcaption></figure> <p>Guvernul Belarusului sponsorizează festivaluri culturale anuale, cum ar fi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazarul_Slavianski_din_Vicebsk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazarul Slavianski din Vicebsk — pagină inexistentă">Bazarul Slavianski din Vicebsk</a>, care scoate la rampă artiști, actori, scriitori și muzicieni belaruși. Mai multe sărbători oficiale, cum ar fi Ziua Independenței, și Ziua Victoriei, atrag mari mulțimi și adesea includ spectacole de artificii și parade militare, în special la Vitebsk și Minsk.<sup id="cite_ref-festivals_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festivals-173"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ministerul Culturii finanțează evenimente ce promovează arta și cultura belarusă atât în țară, cât și peste hotare. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portul">Portul</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Modifică secțiunea: Portul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Portul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Portul tradițional belarus datează din perioada <a href="/wiki/Rusia_Kievean%C4%83" title="Rusia Kieveană">Rusiei Kievene</a>. Din cauza climei reci, hainele au fost făcute în așa fel încât să rețină căldura și erau de regulă făcute din <a href="/wiki/In" title="In">in</a> sau <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Lână">lână</a>. Ele erau decorate cu modele ornamentale influențate din culturile popoarelor vecine: polonez, lituanian, rus, ucrainean, leton, lituanian, și din cele ale altor țări europene. Fiecare regiune din Belarus are modelele sale specifice.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Un model ornamental frecvent întâlnit în costumele populare vechi decorează astăzi <a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Belarusului" title="Drapelul Belarusului">drapelul Belarusului</a>, adoptat într-un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Referendumul_din_Belarus,_1995&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Referendumul din Belarus, 1995 — pagină inexistentă">disputat referendum</a> în 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bucătărie"><span id="Buc.C4.83t.C4.83rie"></span>Bucătărie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bucătărie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Bucătărie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Potato_pancakes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Potato_pancakes.jpg/250px-Potato_pancakes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Potato_pancakes.jpg/330px-Potato_pancakes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Potato_pancakes.jpg/500px-Potato_pancakes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chiftea_cu_cartofi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chiftea cu cartofi — pagină inexistentă">Draniki</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Bucătăria belarusă este în principal bazată pe legume, carne (în special de porc) și pâine. Un belarus tipic servește un mic dejun ușor și două mese bogate, cina fiind cea mai mare masă a zilei. În Belarus se consumă pâine de grâu și secară, dar cea de secară este mai des întâlnită, deoarece grâul nu poate fi ușor crescut din cauza condițiilor climatice. Pentru a da dovadă de ospitalitate, gazda prezintă o ofrandă de <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2ine_%C8%99i_sare" title="Pâine și sare">pâine și sare</a> la întâmpinarea unui oaspete.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Băuturile populare din Belarus sunt <a href="/wiki/Votc%C4%83" title="Votcă">votcă</a> rusească de grâu și <i><a href="/wiki/Kvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvas">kvas</a></i>, o băutură obținută din pâine neagră de malț sau din făină de grâu, fermentată. <i>Kvass</i>ul poate fi combinat și cu legume tăiate felii pentru a obține o supă rece denumită <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okro%C8%99ka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Okroșka — pagină inexistentă">okroșka</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO_în_Belarus"><span id="Patrimoniul_Mondial_UNESCO_.C3.AEn_Belarus"></span>Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO în Belarus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Modifică secțiunea: Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO în Belarus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Patrimoniul Mondial UNESCO în Belarus"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belarusul are patru situri aflate în <a href="/wiki/Patrimoniul_mondial_UNESCO" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimoniul mondial UNESCO">patrimoniul mondial UNESCO</a>: <a href="/wiki/Complexul_Castelului_Mir" title="Complexul Castelului Mir">complexul Castelului Mir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castelul_Niasvi%C5%BE" title="Castelul Niasviž">castelul Niasviž</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83durea_Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa" title="Pădurea Białowieża">pădurea Białowieża</a> (comun cu <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>), și <a href="/wiki/Arcul_geodezic_Struve" title="Arcul geodezic Struve">arcul geodezic Struve</a> (comun cu alte nouă țări).<sup id="cite_ref-UNSECO_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNSECO-178"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Patrimoniul mondial intangibil cuprinde și el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Obiceiul_%E2%80%9E%C8%9Barilor_Kalyady%E2%80%9D&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Obiceiul „țarilor Kalyady” — pagină inexistentă">obiceiul „țarilor Kalyady”</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Modifică secțiunea: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Sport"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Belarus a concurat la Jocurile Olimpice de la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_iarn%C4%83_din_1994" title="Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994">Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 1994</a> ca națiune independentă. Primind o mare sponsorizare din partea guvernului, <a href="/wiki/Hochei_pe_ghea%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Hochei pe gheață">hocheiul pe gheață</a> este al doilea sport ca popularitate din țară, după <a href="/wiki/Fotbal" title="Fotbal">fotbal</a>. <a href="/wiki/Echipa_na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_fotbal_a_Belarusului" title="Echipa națională de fotbal a Belarusului">Echipa națională de fotbal</a> nu s-a calificat niciodată la un turneu major; cu toate acestea, <a href="/wiki/FC_BATE_Borisov" title="FC BATE Borisov">BATE Borisov</a> a jucat în <a href="/wiki/Liga_Campionilor_UEFA" title="Liga Campionilor UEFA">Liga Campionilor</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Echipa_na%C8%9Bional%C4%83_de_hochei_pe_ghea%C8%9B%C4%83_a_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Echipa națională de hochei pe gheață a Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Echipa națională de hochei</a> a terminat pe locul al patrulea la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_iarn%C4%83_din_2002" title="Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2002">Jocurile Olimpice de la Salt Lake City din 2002</a>, după o victorie memorabilă asupra Suediei în sferturile de finală și concurează în mod regulat la <a href="/wiki/Campionatul_Mondial_de_Hochei_pe_Ghea%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Campionatul Mondial de Hochei pe Gheață">Campionatele Mondiale</a>, ajungând adesea în sferturile de finală. Numeroși jucători din Belarus sunt prezenți în Liga Kontinentală de Hochei din Eurasia, în special pentru clubul din Belarus HC Dinamo Minsk, iar mai mulți au jucat și în <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">Liga Națională de Hochei</a> din America de Nord. Campionatul Mondial IIHF 2014 a fost găzduit în Belarus, iar Campionatul Mondial IIHF 2021 trebuia să fie găzduit împreună în Letonia și Belarus, dar a fost anulat din cauza protestelor ample și a preocupărilor de securitate. Campionatele europene UEC pe pistă din 2021 la ciclism au fost, de asemenea, anulate, deoarece Belarus nu a fost considerată o gazdă sigură. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Victoria_Azarenka_(18696298748).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg/220px-Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg/330px-Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg/440px-Victoria_Azarenka_%2818696298748%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="3887" /></a><figcaption>Victoria Azarenka, jucătoare de tenis profesionistă și fostă numărul 1 mondial la simplu</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Daria_Domraceva" title="Daria Domraceva">Daria Domraceva</a> este o <a href="/wiki/Biatlon" title="Biatlon">biatlonistă</a> de top ale cărei onoruri includ trei medalii de aur la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_iarn%C4%83_din_2014" title="Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2014">Jocurile Olimpice de iarnă din 2014</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Jucătoarea de tenis <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Azarenka" title="Victoria Azarenka">Victoria Azarenka</a> a devenit prima bielorusă care a câștigat un titlu de <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam" title="Grand Slam">Grand Slam</a> la <a href="/wiki/Australian_Open" title="Australian Open">Australian Open</a> în 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ea a câștigat și medalia de aur la dublu mixt la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_2012" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012">Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012</a> cu <a href="/wiki/Max_Mirn%C3%AEi" title="Max Mirnîi">Max Mirnîi</a>, care deține zece Titluri Grand Slam la dublu. </p><p>Alți sportivi notabili din Belarus includ ciclistul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasil_Kir%C3%AEienka&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasil Kirîienka — pagină inexistentă">Vasil Kirîienka</a>, care a câștigat Campionatul Mondial de cronometru pe șosea din 2015 și alergătoarea de mijloc <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marina_Arzamasova&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marina Arzamasova — pagină inexistentă">Marina Arzamasova</a>, care a câștigat medalia de aur la 800 m la Campionatele Mondiale de atletism din 2015. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrei_Arlovski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrei Arlovski — pagină inexistentă">Andrei Arlovski</a>, care s-a născut în <a href="/wiki/Babruisk" title="Babruisk">Babruisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republica_Sovietic%C4%83_Socialist%C4%83_Belarus%C4%83" title="Republica Sovietică Socialistă Belarusă">RSS Bielorusia</a>, este un actual luptător UFC și fost campion mondial <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Fighting_Championship" title="Ultimate Fighting Championship">UFC</a> la categoria grea. </p><p>Belarus este cunoscut și pentru gimnastele sale puternice. Printre gimnastele remarcabile se numără <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inna_Zukova&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Inna Zukova — pagină inexistentă">Inna Zukova</a>, care a câștigat argint la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_2008" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2008">Jocurile Olimpice de la Beijing din 2008</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Liubov_Ciarka%C8%99ina&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liubov Ciarkașina — pagină inexistentă">Liubov Ciarkașina</a>, care a câștigat bronzul la Jocurile Olimpice de la Londra din 2012 și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meli%C8%9Bina_Staniuta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Melițina Staniuta — pagină inexistentă">Melițina Staniuta</a>, medaliată de bronz la Campionatele Mondiale din 2015. Gruparea gimnaștilor bieloruși la seniori a câștigat bronzul la <a href="/wiki/Jocurile_Olimpice_de_var%C4%83_din_2012" title="Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012">Jocurile Olimpice de la Londra din 2012</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecomunicații"><span id="Telecomunica.C8.9Bii"></span>Telecomunicații</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Modifică secțiunea: Telecomunicații" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Telecomunicații"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:State_TV_Belarus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/State_TV_Belarus.jpg/250px-State_TV_Belarus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/State_TV_Belarus.jpg/330px-State_TV_Belarus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/State_TV_Belarus.jpg/500px-State_TV_Belarus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="531" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>Sediul televiziunii de stat din <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></figcaption></figure> <p>În 2008, existau 3,718&#160;milioane de linii telefonice, în comparație cu <span style="white-space:nowrap;">8,639 milioane</span> de telefoane mobile în Belarus. Majoritatea liniilor telefonice fixe sunt operate de Beltelcom, companie de stat. Circa două treimi din toate serviciile de telefonie rulează pe sisteme digitale, iar media deținerii de telefoane mobile este de circa 9 telefoane la 10 persoane. Existau aproximativ 113.000 de difuzori de Internet în Belarus în 2009, care deserveau aproximativ <span style="white-space:nowrap;">3,107 milioane</span> de utilizatori de Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-ciabo_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciabo-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cel mai mare grup de firme de media din Belarus este Compania Națională de Stat de Radio și Televiziune. Ea operează mai multe posturi de radio și televiziune care difuzează conținut pe plan intern și internațional, fie prin semnale tradiționale, fie prin Internet.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rețeaua de Difuzare de Televiziune este una dintre principalele posturi independente de televiziune din Belarus, în principal difuzând programe refionale, precum și o copie a show-ului <i>The Big Bang Theory</i> intitulată <i>Teoreticienii</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mai multe ziare, tipărite fie în belarusă fie în rusă, oferă informații sau conținut de interes special, pe domenii cum ar fi afacerile, politica și sportul. În 1998, erau mai puțin de 100 de posturi radio în Belarus: 28 <a href="/wiki/Modula%C8%9Bie_de_amplitudine" title="Modulație de amplitudine">AM</a>, 37 <a href="/wiki/Modulare_%C3%AEn_frecven%C8%9B%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Modulare în frecvență">FM</a> și 11 pe <a href="/wiki/Unde_scurte" class="mw-redirect" title="Unde scurte">unde scurte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ciabo_182-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciabo-182"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Activitatea companiilor media este reglementată prin Legea Presei și a altor Mass Media, adoptată la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">13 ianuarie</span> 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-presslaw_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presslaw-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Aceasta acordă libertate presei, dar articolul 5 interzice <a href="/wiki/Calomnie" title="Calomnie">calomnierea</a> președintelui Belarusului sau a altor oficiali stipulați în Constituție.<sup id="cite_ref-presslaw_185-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-presslaw-185"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Guvernul Belarusului este criticat pentru acțiunea împotriva presei. Ziare cum ar fi <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Na%C5%A1a_Niva&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Naša Niva — pagină inexistentă">Naša Niva</a></i> și <i>Belaruskaia Delovaia Gazeta</i> au fost luate în vizor de autorități după ce au publicat rapoarte ce critică pe președintele Lukașenko și alți oficiali din guvern.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> OSCE și <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> au comentat referitor la pierderea libertății presei în Belarus. În 2009, Freedom House a dat Belarusului un scor de 6,75 (neliber) la libertatea presei. O altă problemă pentru presa belarusă este dispariția nerezolvată a mai multor jurnaliști.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-imf2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imf2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=64&amp;pr.y=5&amp;sy=2008&amp;ey=2011&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;c=913&amp;s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&amp;grp=0&amp;a=">„Belarus”</a>. Fondul Monetar Internațional<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-04-20">20 aprilie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Fondul+Monetar+Interna%C8%9Bional&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fexternal%2Fpubs%2Fft%2Fweo%2F2011%2F01%2Fweodata%2Fweorept.aspx%3Fpr.x%3D64%26pr.y%3D5%26sy%3D2008%26ey%3D2011%26scsm%3D1%26ssd%3D1%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1%26c%3D913%26s%3DNGDPD%252CNGDPDPC%252CPPPGDP%252CPPPPC%252CLP%26grp%3D0%26a%3D&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HDI-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HDI_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf">„Human Development Report 2016 – "Human Development for Everyone<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations Development Programme. <time datetime="2010">2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-03-22">22 martie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2016+%E2%80%93+%22Human+Development+for+Everyone%22&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2016_human_development_report.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513124910/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">„Distribution of family income&#160;– Gini index”</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i> (în engleză). CIA. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-05-13">13 mai 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-09-01">1 septembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Distribution+of+family+income+%E2%80%93+Gini+index&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2172.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">„<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">Белорусы больше не будут переводить стрелки Читать полностью</a>” (în rusă). BelaPAN. Accesat la 27 septembrie 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-0af778b2604fdde435b52353dbcf0dab_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brockhaus.de/"><i><span lang="de">Brockhaus Enzyklopädie</span></i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-05-31">31 mai 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22de%22%3EBrockhaus+Enzyklop%C3%A4die%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brockhaus.de%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-428f115c403b69afbdb35989990efb90-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-428f115c403b69afbdb35989990efb90_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belstat.gov.by/ofitsialnaya-statistika/publications/izdania/public_bulletin/index_148167/"><i><span lang="en">The population as of January 1, 2025 and the average annual population for 2024 in the Republic of Belarus by regions, districts, cities and urban-type settlements</span></i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22%3EThe+population+as+of+January+1%2C+2025+and+the+average+annual+population+for+2024+in+the+Republic+of+Belarus+by+regions%2C+districts%2C+cities+and+urban-type+settlements%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belstat.gov.by%2Fofitsialnaya-statistika%2Fpublications%2Fizdania%2Fpublic_bulletin%2Findex_148167%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unee-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unee_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">UN Statistics Division (<time datetime="2010-04-01">1 aprilie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm#europe">„Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49)”</a> &#91;Clasificări standard pentru țări și coduri zonale&#93;. United Nations Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-22">22 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Standard+Country+and+Area+Codes+Classifications+%28M49%29&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations+Organization&amp;rft.date=2010-04-01&amp;rft.au=UN+Statistics+Division&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmethods%2Fm49%2Fm49regin.htm%23europe&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110193052/http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/europethecis/belarus/belarus_2005_en.pdf">„Belarus: Window of Opportunity (vedeți Tabelul 15, pagina 66)”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United Nations. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/europethecis/belarus/belarus_2005_en.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2015-01-10">10 ianuarie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-04-05">5 aprilie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus%3A+Window+of+Opportunity+%28vede%C8%9Bi+Tabelul+15%2C+pagina+66%29&amp;rft.pub=United+Nations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fnationalreports%2Feuropethecis%2Fbelarus%2Fbelarus_2005_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni1-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Abdelal, Rawi (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=o85YDMTeMrUC&amp;dq=reunification+of+western+belarus"><i>National purpose in the world economy: post-Soviet states in comparative perspective</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-10">10 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=National+purpose+in+the+world+economy%3A+post-Soviet+states+in+comparative+perspective&amp;rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.aulast=Abdelal&amp;rft.aufirst=Rawi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do85YDMTeMrUC%26dq%3Dreunification%2Bof%2Bwestern%2Bbelarus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni2-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni2_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Taylor &amp; Francis Group (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=wGA4o-UhAfgC&amp;pg=PA713&amp;dq=reunification+of+western+belarus#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false"><i>Europa World Year, Book1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Europa publications</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-10">10 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Europa+World+Year%2C+Book1&amp;rft.pub=Europa+publications&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.au=Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwGA4o-UhAfgC%26pg%3DPA713%26dq%3Dreunification%2Bof%2Bwestern%2Bbelarus%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni3-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni3_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni3_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Клоков В. Я. Великий освободительный поход Красной Армии. (Освобождение Западной Украины и Западной Белоруссии).-Воронеж, 1940.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni4-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni4_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni4_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Минаев В. Западная Белоруссия и Западная Украина под гнетом панской Польши.—М., 1939.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni5-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni5_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni5_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Трайнин И.Национальное и социальное освобождение Западной Украины и Западной Белоруссии.—М., 1939.—80 с.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uni6-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-uni6_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni6_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uni6_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Гiсторыя Беларусi. Том пяты.—Мінск, 2006.—с. 449–474</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-axell-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-axell_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-axell_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-axell_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Axell, Albert (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>Russia's Heroes, 1941–45</i> &#91;<i>Eroii Rusiei, 1941–45</i>&#93;. Carroll &amp; Graf Publishers. p.&#160;247. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-7867-1011-X" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-7867-1011-X">0-7867-1011-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Heroes%2C+1941%E2%80%9345&amp;rft.pages=247&amp;rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=0-7867-1011-X&amp;rft.aulast=Axell&amp;rft.aufirst=Albert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/odihr-elections/14353.html">„Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights&#160;– Elections&#160;– Belarus”</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060416084624/http://www.osce.org/odihr-elections/14353.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2006-04-16">16 aprilie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-12-28">28 decembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Office+for+Democratic+Institutions+and+Human+Rights+%E2%80%93+Elections+%E2%80%93+Belarus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fodihr-elections%2F14353.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2010/12/belaruss_election_0?fsrc=scn/fb/wl/bl/whatshouldtheeudo">„Belarus's election: What should the EU do about Belarus?”</a> &#91;Alegerile din Belarus: ce să facă UE în privința Belarusului?&#93;. The Economist<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-12-28">28 decembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus%27s+election%3A+What+should+the+EU+do+about+Belarus%3F&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fblogs%2Feasternapproaches%2F2010%2F12%2Fbelaruss_election_0%3Ffsrc%3Dscn%2Ffb%2Fwl%2Fbl%2Fwhatshouldtheeudo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513211744/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=News&amp;id=504974682">„Foreign Secretary expresses UK concern following Belarus elections”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=News&amp;id=504974682">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-05-13">13 mai 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-12-28">28 decembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Foreign+Secretary+expresses+UK+concern+following+Belarus+elections&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fco.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fnews%2Flatest-news%2F%3Fview%3DNews%26id%3D504974682&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1330537844"><i>Handbook of regional conflict resolution initiatives in the Global South</i></a>, Jeronimo Delgado-Caicedo, <time datetime="2023">2023</time>, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-1-003-28701-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-1-003-28701-8">978-1-003-28701-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1330537844">1330537844</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2023-03-28">28 martie 2023</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+regional+conflict+resolution+initiatives+in+the+Global+South&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1330537844&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-003-28701-8&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1330537844&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017223223/http://un.by/en/aboutbelarus/population/">„About Belarus&#160;– Population”</a>. Biroul Națiunilor Unite în Belarus. <time datetime="2003">2003</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://un.by/en/aboutbelarus/population/">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-10-17">17 octombrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-07">7 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+Belarus+%E2%80%93+Population&amp;rft.pub=Biroul+Na%C8%9Biunilor+Unite+%C3%AEn+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fun.by%2Fen%2Faboutbelarus%2Fpopulation%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eastern-partnership/belarus/">„„Relațiile UE cu Belarus" . Consiliul UE”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E2%80%9ERela%C8%9Biile+UE+cu+Belarus%E2%80%9D+.+Consiliul+UE&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.consilium.europa.eu%2Fen%2Fpolicies%2Feastern-partnership%2Fbelarus%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/belarus-freezes-migrant-cooperation-deal-over-eu-sanctions/a-58082501">„„Belarus îngheață acordul de cooperare cu migranții din cauza sancțiunilor UE" . Deutsche Welle . 28 iunie 2021”</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E2%80%9EBelarus+%C3%AEnghea%C8%9B%C4%83+acordul+de+cooperare+cu+migran%C8%9Bii+din+cauza+sanc%C8%9Biunilor+UE%E2%80%9D+.+Deutsche+Welle+.+28+iunie+2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fbelarus-freezes-migrant-cooperation-deal-over-eu-sanctions%2Fa-58082501&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_2-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_2_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaprudnik1993">Zaprudnik 1993</a>, p.&#160;2. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Аб паходжанні назваў Белая і Чорная Русь (rom. „Despre originile numelor de «Rutenia Albă» și «Rutenia Neagră»”), Язэп Юхо (Iazep Iuho), 1956.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMinahan1998">Minahan 1998</a>, p.&#160;35. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ehu.lt/news/news/0010404/">О защите диссертации Алесем Белым на тему "Локализация хоронима Белая Русь по европейским письменным и картографическим источникам XІІI—середины XVIIІ вв."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Snyder, Timothy (2004). <i>The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999</i> [<i>Reconstrucția națiunilor: Polonia, Ucraina, Lituania, Belarus</i>]. Yale University Press. p.24. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780300105865" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vauchez-28"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vauchez_28-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVauchez2001">Vauchez 2001</a>, p.&#160;163. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Courson1879">de Courson 1879</a>, p.&#160;281. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alies-30"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alies_30-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBely2000" class="citation book">Bely, Alies" (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <i>The chronicle of the White Russia: an essay on the history of one geographical name</i>. Minsk, Belarus: Encyclopedix. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/985-6599-12-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/985-6599-12-1">985-6599-12-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+chronicle+of+the+White+Russia%3A+an+essay+on+the+history+of+one+geographical+name&amp;rft.place=Minsk%2C+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Encyclopedix&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=985-6599-12-1&amp;rft.aulast=Bely&amp;rft.aufirst=Alies%22&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPlokhy2001">Plokhy 2001</a>, p.&#160;327. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRichmond1995">Richmond 1995</a>, p.&#160;260. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ioffe, Grigory (<time datetime="2008-02-25">25 februarie 2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=00B6wxgftH8C&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=west+belarus&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=h4faS6XHC8P48AbDxbSrAg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=west%20belarus&amp;f=false"><i>Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark</i></a> &#91;<i>Să înțelegem cum politica externă a Belarusului și a Occidentului ratează esențialul</i>&#93;. Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p.&#160;41. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-7425-5558-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-7425-5558-5">0-7425-5558-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Understanding+Belarus+and+How+Western+Foreign+Policy+Misses+the+Mark&amp;rft.pages=41&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc&amp;rft.date=2008-02-25&amp;rft.isbn=0-7425-5558-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ioffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Grigory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D00B6wxgftH8C%26pg%3DPA150%26dq%3Dwest%2Bbelarus%26hl%3Den%26ei%3Dh4faS6XHC8P48AbDxbSrAg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D2%26ved%3D0CD0Q6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dwest%2520belarus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynamelaw-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynamelaw_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynamelaw_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.kulichki.com/zak/year1991/doc47159.htm">„Law of the Republic of Belarus&#160;– About the name of the Republic of Belarus”</a> &#91;Legislația Republicii Belarus - despre numele Republicii Belarus&#93; (în rusă). Pravo&#160;– legile Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="1991-09-19">19 septembrie 1991</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-06">6 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Law+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus+%E2%80%93+About+the+name+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Pravo+%E2%80%93+legile+Republicii+Belarus&amp;rft.date=1991-09-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.kulichki.com%2Fzak%2Fyear1991%2Fdoc47159.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRyder1998">Ryder 1998</a>, p.&#160;183. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„Belarus&#160;– Government”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <time datetime="2007-12-13">13 decembrie 2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Government&amp;rft.date=2007-12-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zaprudnik_1993_4-5_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaprudnik1993">Zaprudnik 1993</a>, pp.&#160;4–5. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dexonline.ro/definitie/belarus">„Adjectivul «belarus» apare în DOOM2”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-04-04">4 aprilie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Adjectivul+%C2%ABbelarus%C2%BB+apare+%C3%AEn+DOOM2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdexonline.ro%2Fdefinitie%2Fbelarus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTreadgold1999">Treadgold 1999</a>, p.&#160;230. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-levy_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-levy_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Levy, Patricia; Michael Spilling (2009–03) (în engleză). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.fr/books?id=KTwkKhg1BbsC&amp;pg=PA95&amp;dq=Belarusian+name&amp;lr=&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;cd=2&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q=Belarusian%20name&amp;f=false">Belarus</a>. New York: Benchmark Books. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0761434119" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7614-3411-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belradio.fm/en/909/news/35335/">„Swedish government urged to change Belarus" official name”</a>. <i>European Radio for Belarus</i>. <time datetime="2009-07-13">13 iulie 2009</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916121525/http://euroradio.fm/en/909/news/35335/">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2009-09-16">16 septembrie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-02-02">2 februarie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Radio+for+Belarus&amp;rft.atitle=Swedish+government+urged+to+change+Belarus%22+official+name&amp;rft.date=2009-07-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belradio.fm%2Fen%2F909%2Fnews%2F35335%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pagina <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swedenabroad.com/sv-SE/Ambassader/Minsk/"><i>Sweden abroad - Vitryssland</i></a> pe situl Ambasadei Suediei la Minsk. Pagina accesata la 9 decembrie 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pagina <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambafrance-by.org/Toponymie-Belarus-ou-Bielorussie"><i>Toponymie. Bélarus ou Biélorussie&#160;?</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025215537/http://www.ambafrance-by.org/Toponymie-Belarus-ou-Bielorussie">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2013-10-25">25 octombrie 2013</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. pe situl Ambasadei Franței la Minsk. Pagină accesată la 9 decembrie 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-shaw-44"><b><a href="#cite_ref-shaw_44-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=zmvNogJO2ZgC&amp;pg=PA203&amp;dq=Neanderthal+remains+Belarus&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=Xxu_Tdv2Ds-9tgec4PXFBQ&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false"><i>A Dictionary of Archaeology</i></a> &#91;<i>Dicționar de arheologie</i>&#93; (în engleză). Wiley-Blackwell. pp.&#160;203–204. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9780631235835" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/9780631235835">9780631235835</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-05-02">2 mai 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Archaeology&amp;rft.pages=203-204&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=9780631235835&amp;rft.aulast=Shaw&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft.au=Jameson%2C+Robert&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzmvNogJO2ZgC%26pg%3DPA203%26dq%3DNeanderthal%2Bremains%2BBelarus%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DXxu_Tdv2Ds-9tgec4PXFBQ%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CDQQ6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Historical Atlas, Ancient and Classical World, [<i>Atlas istoric al lumii antice și clasice</i>] de John Haywood, 1998</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rambaud-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rambaud_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rambaud_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rambaud, Alfred (<time datetime="1902">1902</time>). <i>Russia</i>. P. F. Collier &amp; Son. pp.&#160;46–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Russia&amp;rft.pages=46-48&amp;rft.pub=P.+F.+Collier+%26+Son&amp;rft.date=1902&amp;rft.aulast=Rambaud&amp;rft.aufirst=Alfred&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Treuttel_1841_38-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Treuttel_1841_38_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Treuttel_1841_38_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Treuttel (<time datetime="1841">1841</time>). <i>The Foreign Quarterly Review</i>. New York, New York: Jemia Mason. p.&#160;38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Quarterly+Review&amp;rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&amp;rft.pages=38&amp;rft.pub=Jemia+Mason&amp;rft.date=1841&amp;rft.au=Treuttel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Plokhy, Serhii (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <i>The Origins of the Slavic Nations</i> &#91;<i>Originea popoarelor slave</i>&#93; (în engleză). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#160;94–95. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-521-86403-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-521-86403-8">0-521-86403-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Slavic+Nations&amp;rft.pages=94-95&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-86403-8&amp;rft.aulast=Plokhy&amp;rft.aufirst=Serhii&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robinson, Charles Henry (<time datetime="1917">1917</time>). <i>The Conversion of Europe</i> &#91;<i>Transformarea Europei</i>&#93; (în engleză). Longmans, Green. pp.&#160;491–492.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Conversion+of+Europe&amp;rft.pages=491-492&amp;rft.pub=Longmans%2C+Green&amp;rft.date=1917&amp;rft.aulast=Robinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+Henry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zaprudnik-50"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zaprudnik_50-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZaprudnik1993">Zaprudnik 1993</a>, p.&#160;27. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lerski, George Jan (<time datetime="1996">1996</time>). <i>Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945</i> &#91;<i>Dicționar istoric al Poloniei, 966-1945</i>&#93; (în engleză). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Greenwood_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Greenwood Press — pagină inexistentă">Greenwood Press</a>. pp.&#160;181–182. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-313-26007-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-313-26007-9">0-313-26007-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Poland%2C+966%E2%80%931945&amp;rft.pages=181-182&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-26007-9&amp;rft.aulast=Lerski&amp;rft.aufirst=George+Jan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Edited by Michael Jones (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <i>The New Cambridge Medieval History (Vol.6)</i> (în engleză). Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;710. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-521-36290-3" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-521-36290-3">0-521-36290-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+Medieval+History+%28Vol.6%29&amp;rft.pages=710&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-36290-3&amp;rft.au=Edited+by+Michael+Jones&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor (<a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Text_%C3%AEn_plus:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor">link</a>) </span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nowak, Andrzej (<time datetime="1997-01-01">1 ianuarie 1997</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~sarmatia/197/Nowak.html">„The Russo-Polish Historical Confrontation”</a> &#91;Confruntarea istorică ruso-polonă&#93;. <i>Sarmatian Review&#160;XVII</i> (în engleză). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rice_University&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rice University — pagină inexistentă">Rice University</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sarmatian+Review+XVII&amp;rft.atitle=The+Russo-Polish+Historical+Confrontation&amp;rft.date=1997-01-01&amp;rft.aulast=Nowak&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrzej&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruf.rice.edu%2F~sarmatia%2F197%2FNowak.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Scheuch, E. K. (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <i>Societies, Corporations and the Nation State</i>. BRILL. p.&#160;187. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/90-04-11664-8" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/90-04-11664-8">90-04-11664-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Societies%2C+Corporations+and+the+Nation+State&amp;rft.pages=187&amp;rft.pub=BRILL&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=90-04-11664-8&amp;rft.aulast=Scheuch&amp;rft.aufirst=E.+K.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Birgerson, Susanne Michele (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>After the Breakup of a Multi-Ethnic Empire</i>. Praeger/Greenwood. p.&#160;101. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-275-96965-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-275-96965-7">0-275-96965-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=After+the+Breakup+of+a+Multi-Ethnic+Empire&amp;rft.pages=101&amp;rft.pub=Praeger%2FGreenwood&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=0-275-96965-7&amp;rft.aulast=Birgerson&amp;rft.aufirst=Susanne+Michele&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Olson, James Stuart (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <i>Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires</i>. Greenwood Press. p.&#160;95. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-313-27497-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-313-27497-5">0-313-27497-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnohistorical+Dictionary+of+the+Russian+and+Soviet+Empires&amp;rft.pages=95&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-27497-5&amp;rft.aulast=Olson&amp;rft.aufirst=James+Stuart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-birgerson-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-birgerson_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-birgerson_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">(Birgerson 2002:105–106)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ioffe, Grigory (<time datetime="2008-02-25">25 februarie 2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=00B6wxgftH8C&amp;pg=PA150&amp;dq=west+belarus&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=h4faS6XHC8P48AbDxbSrAg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=2&amp;ved=0CD0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&amp;q=west%20belarus&amp;f=false"><i>Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark</i></a>. Rowman &amp; Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p.&#160;57. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-7425-5558-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-7425-5558-5">0-7425-5558-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Understanding+Belarus+and+How+Western+Foreign+Policy+Misses+the+Mark&amp;rft.pages=57&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers%2C+Inc&amp;rft.date=2008-02-25&amp;rft.isbn=0-7425-5558-5&amp;rft.aulast=Ioffe&amp;rft.aufirst=Grigory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D00B6wxgftH8C%26pg%3DPA150%26dq%3Dwest%2Bbelarus%26hl%3Den%26ei%3Dh4faS6XHC8P48AbDxbSrAg%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D2%26ved%3D0CD0Q6AEwAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dwest%2520belarus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Marples, David (<time datetime="1999">1999</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EMCYfOSaLSgC&amp;pg=PA8&amp;dq=Belarusian+People%27s+Republic&amp;lr=&amp;cd=3#v=onepage&amp;q=Belarusian%20People%27s%20Republic&amp;f=false"><i>Belarus: A Denationalized Nation</i></a>. Routledge. p.&#160;5. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/90-5702-343-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/90-5702-343-1">90-5702-343-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus%3A+A+Denationalized+Nation&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.isbn=90-5702-343-1&amp;rft.aulast=Marples&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEMCYfOSaLSgC%26pg%3DPA8%26dq%3DBelarusian%2BPeople%2527s%2BRepublic%26lr%3D%26cd%3D3%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBelarusian%2520People%2527s%2520Republic%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocu1-60"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocu1_60-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sorge, Arndt (<time datetime="2005">2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FCBVPqAWuUsC&amp;pg=PA19&amp;dq=occupation+of+Western+Belarus&amp;lr=&amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;q=occupation%20of%20Western%20Belarus&amp;f=false"><i>The global and the local: understanding the dialectics of business systems</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-10">10 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+global+and+the+local%3A+understanding+the+dialectics+of+business+systems&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.aulast=Sorge&amp;rft.aufirst=Arndt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFCBVPqAWuUsC%26pg%3DPA19%26dq%3Doccupation%2Bof%2BWestern%2BBelarus%26lr%3D%26hl%3Dru%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Doccupation%2520of%2520Western%2520Belarus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocu2-61"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ocu2_61-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Minahan, James (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RSxt-JB-PDkC&amp;pg=PA37&amp;dq=occupation+of+Western+Belarus&amp;lr=&amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;q=occupation%20of%20Western%20Belarus&amp;f=false"><i>Miniature empires: a historical dictionary of the newly independent states</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-10">10 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Miniature+empires%3A+a+historical+dictionary+of+the+newly+independent+states&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.aulast=Minahan&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSxt-JB-PDkC%26pg%3DPA37%26dq%3Doccupation%2Bof%2BWestern%2BBelarus%26lr%3D%26hl%3Dru%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Doccupation%2520of%2520Western%2520Belarus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat2-62"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat2_62-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Baron, Nick (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=FCBVPqAWuUsC&amp;pg=PA19&amp;dq=occupation+of+Western+Belarus&amp;lr=&amp;hl=ru#v=onepage&amp;q=occupation%20of%20Western%20Belarus&amp;f=false"><i>Homelands: war, population and statehood in Eastern Europe and Russia, 1918–1924</i></a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wimbledon_Publishing_Company&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wimbledon Publishing Company — pagină inexistentă">Wimbledon Publishing Company</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-10">10 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Homelands%3A+war%2C+population+and+statehood+in+Eastern+Europe+and+Russia%2C+1918%E2%80%931924&amp;rft.pub=Wimbledon+Publishing+Company&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.aulast=Baron&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFCBVPqAWuUsC%26pg%3DPA19%26dq%3Doccupation%2Bof%2BWestern%2BBelarus%26lr%3D%26hl%3Dru%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Doccupation%2520of%2520Western%2520Belarus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-warpop-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-warpop_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warpop_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warpop_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-warpop_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fedor, Helen (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/11.htm">„Belarus&#160;– Stalin and Russification”</a> &#91;Belarus: studiu de țară&#93;. <i>Belarus: A Country Study</i> (în engleză). <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Belarus%3A+A+Country+Study&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Stalin+and+Russification&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Fedor&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F11.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soviet-era-64"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soviet-era_64-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928001738/http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Belarus/History">„Belarus History and Culture”</a>. iExplore.com. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iexplore.com/dmap/Belarus/History">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-09-28">28 septembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+History+and+Culture&amp;rft.pub=iExplore.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iexplore.com%2Fdmap%2FBelarus%2FHistory&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-olson95-65"><b><a href="#cite_ref-olson95_65-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">(Olson 1994:95)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gorby-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gorby_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gorby_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fedor, Helen (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/12.htm">„Belarus- Perestroika”</a> &#91;Belarus: studiu de țară&#93;. <i>Belarus: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-26">26 martie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Belarus%3A+A+Country+Study&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus-+Perestroika&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Fedor&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F12.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-massgraves-67"><b><a href="#cite_ref-massgraves_67-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">(Birgerson 2002:99)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byind-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byind_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byind_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byind_68-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fedor, Helen (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/39.htm">„Belarus&#160;– Prelude to Independence”</a> &#91;Belarus - preludiul independenței&#93;. <i>Belarus: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Belarus%3A+A+Country+Study&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Prelude+to+Independence&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Fedor&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F39.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat3-69"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat3_69-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Country Studies <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/39.htm">Belarus&#160;– Prelude to Independence</a>. Library of Congress. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">21 martie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726033957/http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact94/wf950026.txt">„World Factbook: Belarus”</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. <time datetime="1994-10-20">20 octombrie 1994</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/wofact94/wf950026.txt">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(TXT)</span> la <time datetime="2013-07-26">26 iulie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-21">21 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+Factbook%3A+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&amp;rft.date=1994-10-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umsl.edu%2Fservices%2Fgovdocs%2Fwofact94%2Fwf950026.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciageo-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciageo_71-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciageo_71-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciageo_71-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciageo_71-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciageo_71-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„Belarus&#160;– Geography”</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency. <time datetime="2007">2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-07">7 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Geography&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150110193052/http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/europethecis/belarus/belarus_2005_en.pdf">„Belarus: Window of Opportunity (see Table 15, page 66)”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. ONU. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/nationalreports/europethecis/belarus/belarus_2005_en.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2015-01-10">10 ianuarie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-09-22">22 septembrie 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus%3A+Window+of+Opportunity+%28see+Table+15%2C+page+66%29&amp;rft.pub=ONU&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Freports%2Fnationalreports%2Feuropethecis%2Fbelarus%2Fbelarus_2005_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bell-73"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bell_73-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bell, Imogen (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <i>Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia 2003</i>. Taylor &amp; Francis. p.&#160;132. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-85743-137-5" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-85743-137-5">1-85743-137-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%2C+Russia+and+Central+Asia+2003&amp;rft.pages=132&amp;rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=1-85743-137-5&amp;rft.aulast=Bell&amp;rft.aufirst=Imogen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">(Zaprudnik, xix)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-locclimate-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-locclimate_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-locclimate_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Fedor, Helen (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/15.htm">„Belarus&#160;– Climate”</a>. <i>Belarus: A Country Study</i>. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Belarus%3A+A+Country+Study&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Climate&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Fedor&amp;rft.aufirst=Helen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F15.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chernobyl-76"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chernobyl_76-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Rainsford, Sarah (<time datetime="2005-04-26">26 aprilie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4485003.stm">„Belarus cursed by Chernobyl”</a> &#91;Belarusul blestemat de Cernobîl&#93; (în engleză). BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+cursed+by+Chernobyl&amp;rft.date=2005-04-26&amp;rft.aulast=Rainsford&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarah&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4485003.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uncher-77"><b><a href="#cite_ref-uncher_77-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080506084709/http://chernobyl.undp.org/english/belarus.html">„The United Nations and Chernobyl&#160;– The Republic of Belarus”</a> &#91;Națiunile Unite și Cernobîlul&#160;— Republica Belarus&#93;. ONU. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chernobyl.undp.org/english/belarus.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-05-06">6 mai 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-04">4 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+United+Nations+and+Chernobyl+%E2%80%93+The+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=ONU&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchernobyl.undp.org%2Fenglish%2Fbelarus.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-iaea-78"><b><a href="#cite_ref-iaea_78-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Smith, Marilyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tc.iaea.org/tcweb/news_archive/Chernobyl/ecoreserve/default.asp">„Ecological reservation in Belarus fosters new approaches to soil remediation”</a> &#91;Rezervație ecologică din Belarus aduce o nouă abordare pentru remedierea solului&#93;. International Atomic Energy Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-19">19 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Ecological+reservation+in+Belarus+fosters+new+approaches+to+soil+remediation&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Marilyn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftc.iaea.org%2Ftcweb%2Fnews_archive%2FChernobyl%2Fecoreserve%2Fdefault.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080603064946/http://www.gkpv.gov.by/en/state_border_en/delim_history">„State Border&#160;– Delimitation History”</a> &#91;Frontiera de stat&#160;— istoria delimitărilor&#93; (în engleză). State Border Committee of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2006">2006</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gkpv.gov.by/en/state_border_en/delim_history">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-06-03">3 iunie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=State+Border+%E2%80%93+Delimitation+History&amp;rft.pub=State+Border+Committee+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gkpv.gov.by%2Fen%2Fstate_border_en%2Fdelim_history&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606001759/http://www.urm.lt/index.php?-2057774104">„Lithuania's Cooperation with Belarus”</a> &#91;Cooperarea Lituaniei cu Belarusul&#93; (în engleză). Ministerul de externe lituanian. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urm.lt/index.php?-2057774104">original</a> la <time datetime="2013-06-06">6 iunie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-19">19 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Lithuania%27s+Cooperation+with+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+de+externe+lituanian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urm.lt%2Findex.php%3F-2057774104&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbclukapro-81"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbclukapro_81-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3882843.stm">„Profile: Alexander Lukashenko”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation. <time datetime="2007-01-09">9 ianuarie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-30">30 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Alexander+Lukashenko&amp;rft.date=2007-01-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3882843.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jeffries, Ian (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>The countries of the former Soviet Union at the turn of the twenty-first century: the Baltic and European states in transition</i> &#91;<i>Țările fostei Uniuni Sovietice în pragul secolului al XXI-lea: țările baltice și europene în tranziție</i>&#93; (în engleză). Routledge. p.&#160;274. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/041525230X" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/041525230X">041525230X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+countries+of+the+former+Soviet+Union+at+the+turn+of+the+twenty-first+century%3A+the+Baltic+and+European+states+in+transition&amp;rft.pages=274&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=041525230X&amp;rft.au=Jeffries%2C+Ian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conby-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conby_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-conby_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19332.html#doc">„Secțiunea&#160;IV: Președintele, Parlamentul, Guvernul, Tribunalele”</a>. <i>Constituția Belarusului</i>. Press Service of the President of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217035445/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19332.html#doc">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2007-12-17">17 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Belarusului&amp;rft.atitle=Sec%C8%9Biunea+IV%3A+Pre%C8%99edintele%2C+Parlamentul%2C+Guvernul%2C+Tribunalele&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress19332.html%23doc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100304020325/http://www.government.by/en/eng_sostav1.html">„Deputy Prime Ministers of the Republic of Belarus”</a> &#91;Vice-prim-ministru al Republicii Belarus&#93; (în engleză). Consiliul de Miniștri al Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2010">2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.by/en/eng_sostav1.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-03-04">4 martie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-21">21 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Deputy+Prime+Ministers+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Consiliul+de+Mini%C8%99tri+al+Republicii+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.government.by%2Fen%2Feng_sostav1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090221062403/http://kibristasosyalistgercek.net/english/localGov/local_gov.html">„SOVIET LOCAL GOVERNMENT”</a> &#91;Guvern local sovietic&#93;. RUSSIA TODAY SOCIETY. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kibristasosyalistgercek.net/english/localGov/local_gov.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-02-21">21 februarie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-07-18">18 iulie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SOVIET+LOCAL+GOVERNMENT&amp;rft.pub=RUSSIA+TODAY+SOCIETY&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkibristasosyalistgercek.net%2Fenglish%2FlocalGov%2Flocal_gov.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE-86"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OSCE_86-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924111022/http://www.osce.org/item/3961.html">„OSCE Report on the October 2004 parliamentary elections”</a> &#91;Raportul OSCE privind alegerile legislative din octombrie 2004&#93;. Organizația pentru Securitate și Cooperare în Europa. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/item/3961.html">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2015-09-24">24 septembrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-21">21 martie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=OSCE+Report+on+the+October+2004+parliamentary+elections&amp;rft.pub=Organiza%C8%9Bia+pentru+Securitate+%C8%99i+Cooperare+%C3%AEn+Europa&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fitem%2F3961.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081209003949/http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2004/12/3961_en.pdf">„OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (PDF). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/documents/odihr/2004/12/3961_en.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2008-12-09">9 decembrie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-07-29">29 iulie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=OSCE%2FODIHR+Election+Observation+Mission+Final+Report&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fdocuments%2Fodihr%2F2004%2F12%2F3961_en.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assembly.coe.int/Main.asp?link=/Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC10890.pdf">„Belarus in the aftermath of the Presidential election of <span style="white-space:nowrap;">19 March</span> 2006”</a> &#91;Belarusul după alegerile prezidențiale din 19 martie 2006&#93; <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (în engleză). Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. <time datetime="2006-04-11">11 aprilie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-05-25">25 mai 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+in+the+aftermath+of+the+Presidential+election+of+%3Cspan+style%3D%22white-space%3Anowrap%3B%22%3E19+March%3C%2Fspan%3E+2006&amp;rft.pub=Parliamentary+Assembly+of+the+Council+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=2006-04-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fassembly.coe.int%2FMain.asp%3Flink%3D%2FDocuments%2FWorkingDocs%2FDoc06%2FEDOC10890.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4766024.stm">„Belarus rally marred by arrests”</a> &#91;Miting din Belarus marcat de arestări&#93; (în engleză). BBC News. <time datetime="2006-03-02">2 martie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+rally+marred+by+arrests&amp;rft.date=2006-03-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4766024.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph-90"><b><a href="#cite_ref-telegraph_90-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Oliphant, Roland (<time datetime="2010-12-25">25 decembrie 2010</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/belarus/8224956/Police-guard-threatened-to-rape-Belarus-Free-Theatre-director-after-election-protest.html">„Police guard threatened to rape Belarus Free Theatre director after election protest”</a> &#91;Un polițist îl amenință cu violul pe directorul Teatrului Liber din Belarus după protestele în urma alegerilor&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> (în engleză). Londra<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-04-22">22 aprilie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Police+guard+threatened+to+rape+Belarus+Free+Theatre+director+after+election+protest&amp;rft.date=2010-12-25&amp;rft.aulast=Oliphant&amp;rft.aufirst=Roland&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fbelarus%2F8224956%2FPolice-guard-threatened-to-rape-Belarus-Free-Theatre-director-after-election-protest.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SannikovSentenced-91"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SannikovSentenced_91-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><span style="border:solid 1px #44A; background-color:#EEF; font-family:monospace; color:#008; font-size:0.9em; padding:0px 4px 2px 4px; position:relative; bottom:0.2em; cursor:help;" title="Limba engleză">en</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13400666">Belarus opposition leader Andrei Sannikov jailed</a> [<i>Liderul de opoziție Andrei Sannikov închis</i>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=BBC_News_Online&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="BBC News Online — pagină inexistentă">BBC News Online</a> (14 mai 2011)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kyi-92"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kyi_92-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/news/russia/detail/93334/">„Belarus: 7 presidential candidates face 15 years”</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyiv_Post&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyiv Post — pagină inexistentă">Kyiv Post</a>. <time datetime="2010-12-22">22 decembrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-12-23">23 decembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus%3A+7+presidential+candidates+face+15+years&amp;rft.date=2010-12-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fnews%2Frussia%2Fdetail%2F93334%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119081319/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2081858,00.htm">„Why Belarus' Dictator Is Not Fond of Applause”</a> &#91;De ce dictatorului Belarusului nu-i plac aplauzele&#93; (în engleză). Time.com. <time datetime="2011-07-07">7 iulie 2011</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2081858,00.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-01-19">19 ianuarie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-07-08">8 iulie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Why+Belarus%27+Dictator+Is+Not+Fond+of+Applause&amp;rft.date=2011-07-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F0%2C8599%2C2081858%2C00.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3882843.stm">„Profile: Alexander Lukashenko”</a>. BBC News. <time datetime="2006-03-20">20 martie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Alexander+Lukashenko&amp;rft.date=2006-03-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3882843.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mulvey, Stephen (<time datetime="2001-09-10">10 septembrie 2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/116265.stm">„Profile: Europe's last dictator?”</a> &#91;Profil: Ultimul dictator al Europei?&#93;. <i>BBC News</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-21">21 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Europe%27s+last+dictator%3F&amp;rft.date=2001-09-10&amp;rft.aulast=Mulvey&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F116265.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CoE-96"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CoE_96-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060426062531/http://press.coe.int/cp/97/11a%2897%29.htm">„Belarus suspended from the Council of Europe”</a> &#91;Belarusul suspendat din Consiliul Europei&#93;. Press Service of the Council of Europe. <time datetime="1997-01-17">17 ianuarie 1997</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://press.coe.int/cp/97/11a(97).htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2006-04-26">26 aprilie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+suspended+from+the+Council+of+Europe&amp;rft.pub=Press+Service+of+the+Council+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=1997-01-17&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.coe.int%2Fcp%2F97%2F11a%2897%29.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-97"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW_97-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/13/belaru9878.htm">„Essential Background&#160;– Belarus”</a>. Human Rights Watch. <time datetime="2005">2005</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Essential+Background+%E2%80%93+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2005%2F01%2F13%2Fbelaru9878.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071212011715/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus">„Human rights by country&#160;– Belarus”</a> &#91;Drepturile omului după țară&#160;– Belarus&#93;. <i>Amnesty International Report 2007</i>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. <time datetime="2007">2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/europe-and-central-asia/eurasia/belarus">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-12">12 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International+Report+2007&amp;rft.atitle=Human+rights+by+country+%E2%80%93+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fregion%2Feurope-and-central-asia%2Feurasia%2Fbelarus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060325002023/http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2005/RiceTestimony050118.pdf">„Opening Statement by Dr. Condoleezza Rice, Senate Foreign Relations Committee”</a> &#91;Cuvântarea de deschidere a dr. Condoleezza Rice, Comisia pentru Relații Externe a Senatului SUA&#93; <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <time datetime="2005-01-18">18 ianuarie 2005</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2005/RiceTestimony050118.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2006-03-25">25 martie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Opening+Statement+by+Dr.+Condoleezza+Rice%2C+Senate+Foreign+Relations+Committee&amp;rft.date=2005-01-18&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforeign.senate.gov%2Ftestimony%2F2005%2FRiceTestimony050118.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4187361.stm">„At-a-glance: 'Outposts of tyranny<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>”</a> &#91;Dintr-o privire: «Avanposturile tiraniei»&#93;. BBC News. <time datetime="2005-01-19">19 ianuarie 2005</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=At-a-glance%3A+%27Outposts+of+tyranny%27&amp;rft.date=2005-01-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F4187361.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stategov-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stategov_101-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stategov_101-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stategov_101-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stategov_101-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Guvernul SUA (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5371.htm">„Background Note: Belarus”</a>. Departamentul de Stat al SUA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-07">7 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Background+Note%3A+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Departamentul+de+Stat+al+SUA&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Guvernul+SUA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fei%2Fbgn%2F5371.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071225082159/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2007/12/10/022.html">„Russia-Belarus Union Presidency Dismissed”</a>. <i>The Moscow Times</i>. <time datetime="2007-12-10">10 decembrie 2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/stories/2007/12/10/022.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-25">25 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-13">13 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Russia-Belarus+Union+Presidency+Dismissed&amp;rft.date=2007-12-10&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Fstories%2F2007%2F12%2F10%2F022.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/351790.htm">„Russia-Belarus Union Presidency Dismissed”</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829185109/http://www.moscowtimes.ru/article/1010/42/351790.htm">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2008-08-29">29 august 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2017-07-29">29 iulie 2017</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Russia-Belarus+Union+Presidency+Dismissed&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscowtimes.ru%2Farticle%2F1010%2F42%2F351790.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/24839107">„Putin named PM of Belarus-Russia alliance”</a>. Associated Press. <time datetime="2008-05-27">27 mai 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2008-05-27">27 mai 2008</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Putin+named+PM+of+Belarus-Russia+alliance&amp;rft.date=2008-05-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F24839107&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cisstrained-105"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cisstrained_105-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Radio Europa Liberă (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/11/6e49cd34-6c37-40ff-87f4-a6557e84f7e9.html">„CIS: Foreign Ministers, Heads Of State Gather In Minsk For Summit”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-07">7 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CIS%3A+Foreign+Ministers%2C+Heads+Of+State+Gather+In+Minsk+For+Summit&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Radio+Europa+Liber%C4%83&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Ffeaturesarticle%2F2006%2F11%2F6e49cd34-6c37-40ff-87f4-a6557e84f7e9.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-euban-106"><b><a href="#cite_ref-euban_106-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2492939.stm">„EU imposes Belarus travel ban”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. <time datetime="2002-11-19">19 noiembrie 2002</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-03">3 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=EU+imposes+Belarus+travel+ban&amp;rft.date=2002-11-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F2492939.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreignrelations-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foreignrelations_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreignrelations_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/">„Foreign Policy”</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2007">2007</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080217002512/http://mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2008-02-17">17 februarie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Foreign+Policy&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fforeign-policy%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belarus_president_visits_Vatican_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8021513.stm">„Belarus president visits Vatican”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation. <time datetime="2009-04-27">27 aprilie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-30">30 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+president+visits+Vatican&amp;rft.date=2009-04-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F8021513.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fy97-109"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fy97_109-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belarus.usembassy.gov/assistance1997.html">„U.S. Government Assistance FY 97 Annual Report”</a>. United States Embassy in Minsk, Belarus. <time datetime="1998">1998</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Government+Assistance+FY+97+Annual+Report&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Embassy+in+Minsk%2C+Belarus&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelarus.usembassy.gov%2Fassistance1997.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071016052521/http://usinfo.state.gov/dhr/Archive/2004/Oct/22-739373.html">„Belarus Democracy Act Will Help Cause of Freedom, Bush Says”</a>. <i>USINO</i>. Departamentul de Stat al SUA. <time datetime="2007-10-22">22 octombrie 2007</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://usinfo.state.gov/dhr/Archive/2004/Oct/22-739373.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-10-16">16 octombrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=USINO&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+Democracy+Act+Will+Help+Cause+of+Freedom%2C+Bush+Says&amp;rft.date=2007-10-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fusinfo.state.gov%2Fdhr%2FArchive%2F2004%2FOct%2F22-739373.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/bilateral/e14c28c31d21a670.html">„Relations between Belarus and the United States of America”</a>. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2006">2006</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071205042327/http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/bilateral/e14c28c31d21a670.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2007-12-05">5 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Relations+between+Belarus+and+the+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.pub=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fforeign-policy%2Fbilateral%2Fe14c28c31d21a670.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/feedarticle/9003481">China's Xi promises Belarus <span style="white-space:nowrap;">$1 billion</span> in loans</a>". Guardian.co.uk. 24 martie 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Pan, Letian (<time datetime="2005-12-06">6 decembrie 2005</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011456/http://english.gov.cn/2005-12/06/content_119410.htm">„China, Belarus agree to upgrade economic ties”</a>. Xinhua News Agency. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.gov.cn/2005-12/06/content_119410.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-09-28">28 septembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=China%2C+Belarus+agree+to+upgrade+economic+ties&amp;rft.date=2005-12-06&amp;rft.aulast=Pan&amp;rft.aufirst=Letian&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.gov.cn%2F2005-12%2F06%2Fcontent_119410.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/65106.stm">„Syria and Belarus agree to promote trade”</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. BBC. <time datetime="1998-03-13">13 martie 1998</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Syria+and+Belarus+agree+to+promote+trade&amp;rft.date=1998-03-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F65106.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/press32193.html">„Belarus-Syria report substantial progress in trade and economic relations”</a>. Press Service of the President of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2007-08-31">31 august 2007</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120628220727/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press32193.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2012-06-28">28 iunie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus-Syria+report+substantial+progress+in+trade+and+economic+relations&amp;rft.date=2007-08-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress32193.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byintorgs-116"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byintorgs_116-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ministerul de externe al RB (<time datetime="2007">2007</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/international-organizations/a25183575d762f8b.html">„Membership of the Republic of Belarus in International Organizations”</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511155330/http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/international-organizations/a25183575d762f8b.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2008-05-11">11 mai 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-04">4 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Membership+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus+in+International+Organizations&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Ministerul+de+externe+al+RB&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fforeign-policy%2Finternational-organizations%2Fa25183575d762f8b.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/members/growth.shtml">„Growth in United Nations membership, 1945–present”</a>. <i>Department of Public Information</i>. <a href="/wiki/ONU" class="mw-redirect" title="ONU">ONU</a>. <time datetime="2006-07-03">3 iulie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Department+of+Public+Information&amp;rft.atitle=Growth+in+United+Nations+membership%2C+1945%E2%80%93present&amp;rft.date=2006-07-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fmembers%2Fgrowth.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030129065648/http://www.mod.mil.by/rucovod_eng.html">„High-ranking Military Officials of the Republic of Belarus”</a>. Ministerul Apărării Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2006">2006</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.mil.by/rucovod_eng.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2003-01-29">29 ianuarie 2003</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=High-ranking+Military+Officials+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii+Republicii+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.mil.by%2Frucovod_eng.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s4-119"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s4_119-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19332.html">„Section&#160;IV:The President, Parliament, Government, the Courts”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Constituția Belarusului</a></i>. Serviciul de Presă al Președintelui Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217035445/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19332.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2007-12-17">17 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Belarusului&amp;rft.atitle=Section+IV%3AThe+President%2C+Parliament%2C+Government%2C+the+Courts&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress19332.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217010640/http://www.mod.mil.by/7okrugarmia.html">„Istorie”</a> (în rusă). Ministerul Apărării Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2006">2006</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.mil.by/7okrugarmia.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-17">17 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Istorie&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+Ap%C4%83r%C4%83rii+Republicii+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.mil.by%2F7okrugarmia.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Routledge, <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies — pagină inexistentă">IISS</a> Military Balance 2007, pp.158–159</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-conscripts-122"><b><a href="#cite_ref-conscripts_122-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Bykovsky, Pavel; Vasilevich, Alexander (mai 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071205143656/http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/5-2001/dp/mdafb/">„Military Development and the Armed Forces of Belarus”</a>. <i>Moscow Defense Brief</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/5-2001/dp/mdafb/">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-05">5 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-09">9 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Moscow+Defense+Brief&amp;rft.atitle=Military+Development+and+the+Armed+Forces+of+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2001-05&amp;rft.aulast=Bykovsky&amp;rft.aufirst=Pavel&amp;rft.au=Vasilevich%2C+Alexander&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdb.cast.ru%2Fmdb%2F5-2001%2Fdp%2Fmdafb%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciabymil-123"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ciabymil_123-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„Belarus&#160;– Military”</a>. <i>The World Factbook</i>. Central Intelligence Agency. <time datetime="2005">2005</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-09">9 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Military&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/multilateral/c21ec980e0def482.html">„Belarus și NATO”</a>. Ministerul Afacerilor Externe din Republica Belarus. <time datetime="2002">2002</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080511162152/http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/foreign-policy/multilateral/c21ec980e0def482.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2008-05-11">11 mai 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-09">9 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+%C8%99i+NATO&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+Afacerilor+Externe+din+Republica+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fforeign-policy%2Fmultilateral%2Fc21ec980e0def482.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081026100533/http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/multilateral/int_org/ref/c21ec980e0def482.html">„North Atlantic Treaty Organization”</a>. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. <time datetime="2009">2009</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/multilateral/int_org/ref/c21ec980e0def482.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2008-10-26">26 octombrie 2008</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-30">30 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=North+Atlantic+Treaty+Organization&amp;rft.pub=The+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs+of+the+Republic+of+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fmultilateral%2Fint_org%2Fref%2Fc21ec980e0def482.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/press/news/2002-03-11-5.html">„NATO Council adopted individual partnership program with Belarus”</a>. Ministerul Afacerilor Externe din Republica Belarus. <time datetime="2002-03-11">11 martie 2002</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-30">30 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NATO+Council+adopted+individual+partnership+program+with+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+Afacerilor+Externe+din+Republica+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2002-03-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress%2Fnews%2F2002-03-11-5.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306092318/http://forsecurity.org/nato-and-belarus-partnership-past-tensions-and-future-possibilities">„Nato and Belarus&#160;– partnership, past tensions and future possibilities”</a>. Laurie Walker, NATO–Belarus Desk Officer, Political Affairs and Security Policy Division, NATO Headquarters. <time datetime="2010-11-21">21 noiembrie 2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forsecurity.org/nato-and-belarus-partnership-past-tensions-and-future-possibilities">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-03-06">6 martie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-11-25">25 noiembrie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nato+and+Belarus+%E2%80%93+partnership%2C+past+tensions+and+future+possibilities&amp;rft.pub=Laurie+Walker%2C+NATO%E2%80%93Belarus+Desk+Officer%2C+Political+Affairs+and+Security+Policy+Division%2C+NATO+Headquarters&amp;rft.date=2010-11-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforsecurity.org%2Fnato-and-belarus-partnership-past-tensions-and-future-possibilities&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s1-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s1_128-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s1_128-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html">„Section&#160;I: Principles of the Constitutional System”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Constituția Belarusului</a></i>. Serviciul de Presă al Președintelui Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217035739/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2007-12-17">17 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Belarusului&amp;rft.atitle=Section+I%3A+Principles+of+the+Constitutional+System&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress19329.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s5-129"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s5_129-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html">„Section&#160;V: Local government and self-government”</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constitu%C8%9Bia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constituția Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Constituția Belarusului</a></i>. Serviciul de Presă al Președintelui Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2004">2004</time>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217035739/http://www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html">Arhivat</a> din originalul de la <time datetime="2007-12-17">17 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Constitu%C8%9Bia+Belarusului&amp;rft.atitle=Section+V%3A+Local+government+and+self-government&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.president.gov.by%2Fen%2Fpress19329.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carvalho-130"><b><a href="#cite_ref-carvalho_130-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Carvalho, Fernando Duarte (<time datetime="2004">2004</time>). <i>Defence Related SME's: Analysis and Description of Current Conditions</i>. IOS Press. p.&#160;32. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-58603-408-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-58603-408-1">1-58603-408-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Defence+Related+SME%27s%3A+Analysis+and+Description+of+Current+Conditions&amp;rft.pages=32&amp;rft.pub=IOS+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=1-58603-408-1&amp;rft.aulast=Carvalho&amp;rft.aufirst=Fernando+Duarte&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017093808/http://minsk.gov.by/en/tempage/minsk/">„About Minsk”</a>. Comitetul Executiv al Orașului Minsk. <time datetime="2009-12-16">16 decembrie 2009</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsk.gov.by/en/tempage/minsk/">original</a> la <time datetime="2010-10-17">17 octombrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-27">27 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+Minsk&amp;rft.pub=Comitetul+Executiv+al+Ora%C8%99ului+Minsk&amp;rft.date=2009-12-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsk.gov.by%2Fen%2Ftempage%2Fminsk%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minsk.gov.by/cgi-bin/gor_ind.pl?&amp;lang=eng">„About Minsk”</a>. Comitetul Executiv al Orașului Minsk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-20">20 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=About+Minsk&amp;rft.pub=Comitetul+Executiv+al+Ora%C8%99ului+Minsk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsk.gov.by%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgor_ind.pl%3F%26lang%3Deng&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJE1-133"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AJE1_133-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2009/05/2009529121949669957.html">„Belarus shuns Moscow amid loan row”</a> &#91;Belarusul întoarce spatele Moscovei în scandalul împrumuturilor&#93;. Al Jazeera English. <time datetime="2009-05-29">29 mai 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-05-30">30 mai 2009</time></span>. <q>Belarus' Soviet-style economy has been propped up in part by cheap Russian gas and oil and Lukashenko has called for his country to reunite with Russia.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+shuns+Moscow+amid+loan+row&amp;rft.date=2009-05-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aljazeera.net%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F2009%2F05%2F2009529121949669957.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-econstats-134"><b><a href="#cite_ref-econstats_134-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ministerul Statisticii și Analizei din Republica Belarus (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120707201310/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/indicators/labor.php">„Labour”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/indicators/labor.php">original</a> la <time datetime="2012-07-07">7 iulie 2012</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-06">6 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Labour&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=Ministerul+Statisticii+%C8%99i+Analizei+din+Republica+Belarus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelstat.gov.by%2Fhomep%2Fen%2Findicators%2Flabor.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natotrade-135"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natotrade_135-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Dr. Kaare Dahl Martinsen (<time datetime="2002">2002</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/martinsen.pdf">„The Russian-Belarusian Union and the Near Abroad”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies</i>. NATO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-07">7 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Norwegian+Institute+for+Defence+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=The+Russian-Belarusian+Union+and+the+Near+Abroad&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.au=Dr.+Kaare+Dahl+Martinsen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Facad%2Ffellow%2F99-01%2Fmartinsen.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asia.news.yahoo.com/061025/3/2ruj9.html">„Russia may cut oil supplies to ally Belarus&#160;– Putin”</a>. Reuters. <time datetime="2006-10-25">25 octombrie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-08">8 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Russia+may+cut+oil+supplies+to+ally+Belarus+%E2%80%93+Putin&amp;rft.date=2006-10-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fasia.news.yahoo.com%2F061025%2F3%2F2ruj9.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciaecon-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciaecon_137-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciaecon_137-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciaecon_137-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„The World Factbook&#160;– Belarus&#160;– Economy”</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. <time datetime="2006">2006</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-08">8 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook+%E2%80%93+Belarus+%E2%80%93+Economy&amp;rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byexports-138"><b><a href="#cite_ref-byexports_138-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Biblioteca Congresului SUA (<time datetime="1994">1994</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/36.htm">„Belarus&#160;– Exports”</a>. <i>Country Studies</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-04">4 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Country+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Exports&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.au=Biblioteca++Congresului+SUA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F36.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wood-139"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wood_139-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/docs/eio/2007eng.pdf">„Economic and Investment Review”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Ministerul Afacerilor Externe al Republicii Belarus. <time datetime="2007">2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-22">22 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Economic+and+Investment+Review&amp;rft.pub=Ministerul+Afacerilor+Externe+al+Republicii+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.by%2Fdocs%2Feio%2F2007eng.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wb97-140"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wb97_140-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Banca_Mondial%C4%83" title="Banca Mondială">Banca Mondială</a>. "Belarus: Prices, Markets, and Enterprise Reform," <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0jCvjCHPHpcC&amp;pg=PA83&amp;dq=ISBN0821339761#PPA1,M1">pp. 1</a>. Banca Mondială, 1997. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0821339761" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8213-3976-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/30.htm">„Belarus&#160;– Industry”</a>. <i>Country Studies</i>. Biblioteca Congresului SUA. <time datetime="1995">1995</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-08">8 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Country+Studies&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Industry&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fbelarus%2F30.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bybriefwb06-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bybriefwb06_142-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bybriefwb06_142-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">World Bank (<time datetime="2006">2006</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071210182026/http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/ECA/eca.nsf/2656afe00bc5f02185256d5d005dae97/8ec2dc1ef03aed3e85256d5d0067dc90?OpenDocument">„Belarus&#160;– Country Brief 2003”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/eca/eca.nsf/2656afe00bc5f02185256d5d005dae97/8ec2dc1ef03aed3e85256d5d0067dc90?OpenDocument">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-12-10">10 decembrie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-09">9 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+Country+Brief+2003&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.au=World+Bank&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flnweb18.worldbank.org%2Feca%2Feca.nsf%2F2656afe00bc5f02185256d5d005dae97%2F8ec2dc1ef03aed3e85256d5d0067dc90%3FOpenDocument&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tradestats-143"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tradestats_143-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Council of Ministers <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.by/en/eng_analytics11.html">Foreign trade in goods and services in Belarus up by 11.5% in January–October</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090104060950/http://www.government.by/en/eng_analytics11.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-01-04">4 ianuarie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Publicat în 2006. Accesat la 6 octombrie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eutrade-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eutrade_144-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-eutrade_144-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">European Union <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/external_relations/belarus/pdf/belarus_trade_en.pdf">The EU's Relationship With Belarus&#160;– Trade</a> (PDF). Publicat în noiembrie 2006. Accesat la 6 octombrie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">World Trade Organization <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/English/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_belarus_e.htm">Accessions&#160;– Belarus</a>. Accesat la 6 octombrie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-labor-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-labor_146-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-labor_146-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-labor_146-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-labor_146-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-labor_146-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Ministerul de Statistică și Analiză. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120707201310/belstat.gov.by/homep/en/indicators/labor.php">Statistici ale forței de muncă în Belarus</a>. Publicat în 2005. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">18 martie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><b><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Banca Națională a Republicii Belarus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbrb.by/Press/?nId=124&amp;l=en">La denominarea rublei din Belarus de la 1 iulie 2016</a>. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">10 iulie</span> 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><b><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Pravda.ru <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.pravda.ru/world/ussr/23-08-2007/96292-belarus_russia-0">Belarus abandons pegging its currency to Russian ruble</a> <i>[Belarusul abandonează planurile de a-și lega moneda de rubla rusească]</i>. Publicat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">23 august</span> 2007. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">6 octombrie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070223175533/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Belarus">„Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom&#160;– Belarus”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?id=Belarus">original</a> la <time datetime="2007-02-23">23 februarie 2007</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-03-18">18 martie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Heritage+Foundation%27s+Index+of+Economic+Freedom+%E2%80%93+Belarus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Ffeatures%2Findex%2Fcountry.cfm%3Fid%3DBelarus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><b><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">YURAS KARMANAU, Associated Press (<time datetime="2011-05-23">23 mai 2011</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattlepi.com/news/article/Belarus-devaluation-spreads-panic-1395054.php">„Belarus devaluation spreads panic”</a> &#91;Devalorizarea din Belarus duce la răspândirea panicii&#93;. seattlepi.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-05-27">27 mai 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+devaluation+spreads+panic&amp;rft.pub=seattlepi.com&amp;rft.date=2011-05-23&amp;rft.au=YURAS+KARMANAU%2C+Associated+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattlepi.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2FBelarus-devaluation-spreads-panic-1395054.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /> <sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><b><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/with-economy-in-tatters-belarus-appeals-to-international-monetary-fund-for-stabilization-loan/2011/06/01/AGGuGAGH_story.html">With economy in tatters, Belarus appeals to IMF for rescue loan of up to $8&#160;billion</a> [<i>Cu economia în ruine, Belarusul cere FMI un împrumut de salvare în valoare de 8 miliarde de dolari</i>], <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a>, 1 iunie 2011. Accesat la 2 iunie 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=136846825">Belarus Appeals To IMF For $8bln Rescue Loan.</a> [<i>Belarusul cere FMI un credit de salvare de 8 mld. $</i>] Radioul Național Public, 2 iunie 2011. Accesat la 2 iunie 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerat1-153"><b><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerat1_153-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091103071942/http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/2009/main.php">„2009 census”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/2009/main.php">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-11-03">3 noiembrie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-11-03">3 noiembrie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2009+census&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelstat.gov.by%2Fhomep%2Fen%2Fcensus%2F2009%2Fmain.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2009census-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2009census_154-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2009census_154-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2009census_154-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20121129071305/belstat.gov.by/homep/en/census/2009/pc_results.php">Recensământul populației din 2009</a>. Comitetul Național de Statistică al Republicii Belarus. Accesat la 27 septembrie 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/european_languages/languages/belarusian.shtml">„Languages across Europe.”</a> [<i>Limbile Europei</i>] BBC Education la bbc.co.uk. Accesat la 6 noiembrie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907234104/http://www.informador.com.mx/cultura/2009/139096/6/tres-de-cada-cuatro-bielorrusos-emplean-en-su-vida-cotidiana-el-ruso.htm">„Tres de cada cuatro bielorrusos emplean en su vida cotidiana el ruso”</a> &#91;Trei din patru belaruși vorbesc rusa în viața de zi cu zi&#93; (în spaniolă). Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informador.com.mx/cultura/2009/139096/6/tres-de-cada-cuatro-bielorrusos-emplean-en-su-vida-cotidiana-el-ruso.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-09-07">7 septembrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-10-25">25 octombrie 2009</time></span>. <q>According to results announced today from an investigation by The Center for Information and Analysis of the Presidency of Belarus&#160;... [f]or 72% of the population, Russian in the primary language used in everyday life&#160;... According to the study, only 11.9% of inhabitants primarily speaks Belarusian, while the rest uses a mix of Russian and Belarusian. 29.4%... speaks, reads, and writes in Belorusian, while 52.5% only speaks and reads it&#160;... [O]ne in ten does not understand Belorusian [at all]. (citat tradus din spaniolă în engleză)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tres+de+cada+cuatro+bielorrusos+emplean+en+su+vida+cotidiana+el+ruso&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informador.com.mx%2Fcultura%2F2009%2F139096%2F6%2Ftres-de-cada-cuatro-bielorrusos-emplean-en-su-vida-cotidiana-el-ruso.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (ed.), 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Versiunea online: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/">Ethnologue.com</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">World Gazette <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071001000814/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&amp;men=gcis&amp;lng=en&amp;dat=32&amp;geo=-43&amp;srt=npan&amp;col=aohdq&amp;pt=c&amp;va=&amp;srt=pnan">Largest Cities of Belarus (2007)</a> [<i>Cele mai mari orașe din Belarus</i>]. Publicat în 2007. Accesat la 19 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demographics-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demographics_159-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographics_159-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographics_159-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demographics_159-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„CIA World Factbook (2007)&#160;– Belarus&#160;– People”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-11-07">7 noiembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook+%282007%29+%E2%80%93+Belarus+%E2%80%93+People&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><b><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/populationPyramid.php?BO/2050">„Population Pyramids—Belarus (2050)”</a> &#91;Piramidele populației-Belarus, proiecție pentru 2050&#93; <span style="font-size:85%;">(JPEG)</span>. U.S. Census Bureau. <time datetime="2006">2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-26">26 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Population+Pyramids%E2%80%94Belarus+%282050%29&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fipc%2Fwww%2Fidb%2FpopulationPyramid.php%3FBO%2F2050&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Rata alfabetismului este definită ca procentaj în rândurile persoanelor cu vârsta peste 15 ani.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><b><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationmaster.com/country/bo-belarus/rel-religion">Nationmaster.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belarus_–_Religion-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Belarus_–_Religion_163-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Belarus_–_Religion_163-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Biblioteca Congresului SUA. Studii de țară. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/belarus/20.htm">Belarus&#160;– Religion</a>. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">9 iulie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><b><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.belta.by/en/news/president?id=363517"><i>Belarus, Roman Catholic Church may ink cooperation agreement - President - Belarus News | Belarusian news | Belarus today | news in Belarus | Minsk news | BELTA</i></a>, news.belta.by</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus%2C+Roman+Catholic+Church+may+ink+cooperation+agreement+-+President+-+Belarus+News+%7C+Belarusian+news+%7C+Belarus+today+%7C+news+in+Belarus+%7C+Minsk+news+%7C+BELTA&amp;rft.pub=news.belta.by&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.belta.by%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fpresident%3Fid%3D363517&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><b><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Minsk Jewish Campus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meod.by/en/report/jbelarus/">Jewish Belarus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090821233913/http://www.meod.by/en/report/jbelarus/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-08-21">21 august 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">9 iulie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Webportal al Președintelui Republicii Belarus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120628220731/www.president.gov.by/en/press19329.html">Secțiunea Întâi din Constituție</a>. Publicat la 1994, amandată în 1996. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">6 iunie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bypoem-167"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bypoem_167-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarusguide.com/culture1/literature/Old_Poetry.html">„Old Belarusian Poetry”</a> &#91;Veche poezie belarusă&#93;. Virtual Guide to Belarus. <time datetime="1994">1994</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-10-09">9 octombrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Old+Belarusian+Poetry&amp;rft.pub=Virtual+Guide+to+Belarus&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belarusguide.com%2Fculture1%2Fliterature%2FOld_Poetry.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-byeb-168">^ <a href="#cite_ref-byeb_168-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byeb_168-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-byeb_168-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">"Belarus." <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-33482">Britannica.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><b><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Tereshkovich, Pavel (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). „The Belarusian Road to Modernity” &#91;Drumul belarus spre modernitate&#93;. <i>International Journal of Sociology</i>. Belarus:Between the East and the West (I). <b>31</b> (3): 78–89. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20628625">20628625</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Sociology&amp;rft.atitle=The+Belarusian+Road+to+Modernity&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=78-89&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20628625&amp;rft.aulast=Tereshkovich&amp;rft.aufirst=Pavel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><b><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Zou, Crystal (<time datetime="2003-12-11">11 decembrie 2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050225084753/http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2003/1211/wh28-1.html">„Ballets for Christmas”</a> &#91;Balete de Crăciun&#93;. <i>Shanghai Star</i>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2003/1211/wh28-1.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2005-02-25">25 februarie 2005</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2007-12-20">20 decembrie 2007</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Shanghai+Star&amp;rft.atitle=Ballets+for+Christmas&amp;rft.date=2003-12-11&amp;rft.aulast=Zou&amp;rft.aufirst=Crystal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapp1.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fstar%2F2003%2F1211%2Fwh28-1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clasmus-171">^ <a href="#cite_ref-clasmus_171-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-clasmus_171-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Virtual Guide to Belarus&#160;– <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarusguide.com/culture1/music/Belarusian_composers_&amp;_classical_music.htm">Classical Music of Belarus</a> [<i>Muzica clasică a Belarusului</i>]. Accesat la 21 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">National State Teleradiocompany <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224183337/http://www.tvr.by/eng/konkurs.asp">Page on the 2004 Belarusian entry to the Eurovision Song Contest</a>. Publicat în 2004. Accesat la 18 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-festivals-173"><b><a href="#cite_ref-festivals_173-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210203549/http://www.belarusembassy.org/belarus/culture.htm">„Belarusian National Culture”</a>. Ambasada Republicii Belarus în Statele Unite ale Americii. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarusembassy.org/belarus/culture.htm">original</a> la <time datetime="2006-02-10">10 februarie 2006</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarusian+National+Culture&amp;rft.pub=Ambasada+Republicii+Belarus+%C3%AEn+Statele+Unite+ale+Americii&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.belarusembassy.org%2Fbelarus%2Fculture.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><b><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Virtual Guide to Belarus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.belarusguide.com/culture1/clothing/index.html">Belarusian traditional clothing</a>. Accesat la 21 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><b><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Drapelele lumii <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/by.html#orn">Belarus&#160;– Ornament</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110909230337/http://fotw.fivestarflags.com/by.html#orn">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-09-09">9 septembrie 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Publicat la 26 noiembrie 2006. Accesat la 21 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><b><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Canadian Citizenship and Immigration&#160;– <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/belarus/eating.html">Cultures Profile Project&#160;– Eating the Belarusian Way</a>. Publicat în 1998. Accesat la 21 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><b><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">University of Nebraska-Lincoln&#160;– Institute of Agriculture and National Resources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/people-S00.html">Situation and Outlook&#160;– People and Their Diets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001207161600/http://www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/people-S00.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2000-12-07">7 decembrie 2000</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Publicat în aprilie 2000. Accesat la 21 martie 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNSECO-178"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UNSECO_178-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/by">„Belarus&#160;– UNESCO World Heritage Centre”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2006-03-26">26 martie 2006</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Fstatesparties%2Fby&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><b><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&amp;pg=00011&amp;USL=00308">„UNESCO Culture Sector - Intangible Heritage - 2003 Convention&#160;:”</a>, <i>Unesco.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2015-04-16">16 aprilie 2015</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Unesco.org&amp;rft.atitle=UNESCO+Culture+Sector+-+Intangible+Heritage+-+2003+Convention+%3A&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26USL%3D00308&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><b><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olympic.org/darya-domracheva">„<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Darya DOMRACHEVA<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>”</a>. www.olympic.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Darya+DOMRACHEVA%22.&amp;rft.pub=www.olympic.org.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fdarya-domracheva&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><b><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/sport/tennis/queen-victoria-takes-the-throne-determined-to-court-further-success-20120129-1qo2l.html">„<span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>Queen Victoria takes the throne determined to court further success<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>”</a>. The Sydney Morning Herald. <time datetime="2012-01-29">29 ianuarie 2012</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%22Queen+Victoria+takes+the+throne+determined+to+court+further+success%22&amp;rft.pub=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&amp;rft.date=2012-01-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fsport%2Ftennis%2Fqueen-victoria-takes-the-throne-determined-to-court-further-success-20120129-1qo2l.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciabo-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ciabo_182-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ciabo_182-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203520/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">„Belarus”</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. <time datetime="2010-04-21">21 aprilie 2010</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bo.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2015-10-15">15 octombrie 2015</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-26">26 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.atitle=Belarus&amp;rft.date=2010-04-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fbo.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><b><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Teleradiocompania Națională de Stat <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvr.by/eng/about.asp">Despre noi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101229161106/http://www.tvr.by/eng/about.asp">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2010-12-29">29 decembrie 2010</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">5 octombrie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://popwatch.ew.com/2010/02/09/big-bang-theory-belarus/">EW.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-presslaw-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-presslaw_185-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-presslaw_185-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Law of the Republic of Belarus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.by/work/EnglPortal.nsf/6e1a652fbefce34ac2256d910056d559/1f80c30387b1623dc2256dc00051dc63?OpenDocument">Law On Press and Other Mass Media</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928040724/http://www.law.by/work/EnglPortal.nsf/6e1a652fbefce34ac2256d910056d559/1f80c30387b1623dc2256dc00051dc63?OpenDocument">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2007-09-28">28 septembrie 2007</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Accesat la <span style="white-space:nowrap;">5 octombrie</span> 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Eurozine <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2006-04-19-newsitem-en.html">Independent Belarusian newspaper "Nasha Niva" to close</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514085324/http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2006-04-19-newsitem-en.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2011-05-14">14 mai 2011</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. Publicat la 19 aprilie 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><b><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511082527/http://belarusian.minsk.usembassy.gov/policy20030530.html">„Media Freedom in Belarus”</a> &#91;Libertatea media în Belarus&#93;. <i>2003 Policy Archive</i>. United States Department of State. <time datetime="2003-05-30">30 mai 2003</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://belarusian.minsk.usembassy.gov/policy20030530.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-05-11">11 mai 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-26">26 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=2003+Policy+Archive&amp;rft.atitle=Media+Freedom+in+Belarus&amp;rft.date=2003-05-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbelarusian.minsk.usembassy.gov%2Fpolicy20030530.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101228120627/http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/nit/2009/Belarus-final.pdf">„Nations in Transit 2009&#160;– Belarus”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Freedom House. <time datetime="2009">2009</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/nit/2009/Belarus-final.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2010-12-28">28 decembrie 2010</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2010-04-26">26 aprilie 2010</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nations+in+Transit+2009+%E2%80%93+Belarus&amp;rft.pub=Freedom+House&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Fuploads%2Fnit%2F2009%2FBelarus-final.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFde_Courson1879" class="citation book">de Courson, Barbara Frances Mary (<time datetime="1879">1879</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=s0MQAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA281&amp;dq=Alba+Russia&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=UCrPS769LJXCNqDtkQk&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CFEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&amp;q=Alba%20Russia&amp;f=false"><i>The Jesuits: their foundation and history, Volume 1</i></a> &#91;<i>Iezuiții: fondarea și istoria lor, volumul 1</i>&#93; (în engleză). Benziger Brothers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Jesuits%3A+their+foundation+and+history%2C+Volume+1&amp;rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&amp;rft.date=1879&amp;rft.aulast=de+Courson&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara+Frances+Mary&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds0MQAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA281%26dq%3DAlba%2BRussia%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DUCrPS769LJXCNqDtkQk%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D6%26ved%3D0CFEQ6AEwBQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DAlba%2520Russia%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLevy2009" class="citation book">Levy, Patricia (martie 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KTwkKhg1BbsC&amp;pg=PA95&amp;dq=Belarusian+name&amp;lr=&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;cd=2#v=onepage&amp;q=Belarusian%20name&amp;f=false"><i>Belarus</i></a> (în engleză). New York: Benchmark Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-7614-3411-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-7614-3411-9">0-7614-3411-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Benchmark+Books&amp;rft.date=2009-03&amp;rft.isbn=0-7614-3411-9&amp;rft.aulast=Levy&amp;rft.aufirst=Patricia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKTwkKhg1BbsC%26pg%3DPA95%26dq%3DBelarusian%2Bname%26lr%3D%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26cd%3D2%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBelarusian%2520name%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMinahan1998" class="citation book">Minahan, James (<time datetime="1998-10-31">31 octombrie 1998</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=RSxt-JB-PDkC&amp;pg=PA35&amp;dq=White+Rus&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=lCfPS72aLMK78gaN0bFc&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CFAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=White%20Rus&amp;f=false"><i>Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States</i></a> &#91;<i>Imperii în miniatură: dicționar istoric ale noilor state independente</i>&#93; (în engleză). Greenwood. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-313-30610-9" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-313-30610-9">0-313-30610-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Miniature+Empires%3A+A+Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Newly+Independent+States&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood&amp;rft.date=1998-10-31&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-30610-9&amp;rft.aulast=Minahan&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRSxt-JB-PDkC%26pg%3DPA35%26dq%3DWhite%2BRus%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DlCfPS72aLMK78gaN0bFc%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D5%26ved%3D0CFAQ6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DWhite%2520Rus%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Plokhy, Serhii (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=NCzzxNisc1MC&amp;pg=PA327&amp;dq=white+rus+commonwealth&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=LOrPS8v4E5Gu9gTY_fWeCw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CFAQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=white%20rus%20commonwealth&amp;f=false"><i>The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine</i></a> &#91;<i>Cazacii și religia în Ucraina modernă timpurie</i>&#93; (în engleză). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-19-924739-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-19-924739-0">0-19-924739-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cossacks+and+Religion+in+Early+Modern+Ukraine&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-924739-0&amp;rft.aulast=Plokhy&amp;rft.aufirst=Serhii&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNCzzxNisc1MC%26pg%3DPA327%26dq%3Dwhite%2Brus%2Bcommonwealth%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DLOrPS8v4E5Gu9gTY_fWeCw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D5%26ved%3D0CFAQ6AEwBA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dwhite%2520rus%2520commonwealth%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRichmond1995" class="citation book">Richmond, Yale (<time datetime="1995">1995</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=2Y8GNIp42ysC&amp;pg=PA260&amp;dq=Byelorussia+name&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=NTPPS4viKMGC8gb_i7Ft&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=6&amp;ved=0CEwQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Byelorussia%20name&amp;f=false"><i>From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans</i></a> &#91;<i>De la «да» la «da»: cum să-i înțelegem pe est-europeni</i>&#93; (în engleză). Intercultural Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-877864-30-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-877864-30-7">1-877864-30-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Da+to+Yes%3A+Understanding+the+East+Europeans&amp;rft.pub=Intercultural+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=1-877864-30-7&amp;rft.aulast=Richmond&amp;rft.aufirst=Yale&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Y8GNIp42ysC%26pg%3DPA260%26dq%3DByelorussia%2Bname%26hl%3Den%26ei%3DNTPPS4viKMGC8gb_i7Ft%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D6%26ved%3D0CEwQ6AEwBTgK%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DByelorussia%2520name%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFRyder1998" class="citation book">Ryder, Andrew (<time datetime="1998">1998</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qmN95fFocsMC&amp;pg=PA183&amp;dq=Belarus+name+law+1991&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=0rjPS-HfHcT6lwf86pSgCw&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ved=0CD8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Belarus%20name%20law%201991&amp;f=false"><i>Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Volume 4</i></a> &#91;<i>Eyrioa de Est și Comunitatea Statelor Independente, volumul 4</i>&#93; (în engleză). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-85743-058-1" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-85743-058-1">1-85743-058-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe+and+the+Commonwealth+of+Independent+States%2C+Volume+4&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=1-85743-058-1&amp;rft.aulast=Ryder&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrew&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqmN95fFocsMC%26pg%3DPA183%26dq%3DBelarus%2Bname%2Blaw%2B1991%26hl%3Den%26ei%3D0rjPS-HfHcT6lwf86pSgCw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D1%26ved%3D0CD8Q6AEwAA%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBelarus%2520name%2520law%25201991%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSzporluk2000" class="citation book">Szporluk, Roman (<time datetime="2000">2000</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oLWeUoWEAGgC&amp;pg=PA113&amp;dq=Belorussia&amp;lr=&amp;cd=34#v=onepage&amp;q=Belorussia&amp;f=false"><i>Russia, Ukraine, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union</i></a> &#91;<i>Rusia, Ucraina și destrămarea Uniunii Sovietice</i>&#93; (în engleză). Hoover Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-8179-9542-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-8179-9542-0">0-8179-9542-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Russia%2C+Ukraine%2C+and+the+Breakup+of+the+Soviet+Union&amp;rft.pub=Hoover+Institution+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=0-8179-9542-0&amp;rft.aulast=Szporluk&amp;rft.aufirst=Roman&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoLWeUoWEAGgC%26pg%3DPA113%26dq%3DBelorussia%26lr%3D%26cd%3D34%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DBelorussia%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreadgold1999" class="citation book">Treadgold, Donald (<time datetime="1999-11-25">25 noiembrie 1999</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Xs8sYy1vIS0C&amp;pg=PA230&amp;dq=belorussia+nationalists+name&amp;lr=&amp;as_brr=3&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;cd=13#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false"><i>Twentieth Century Russia</i></a> &#91;<i>Rusia secolului al XX-lea</i>&#93; (în engleză). Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-8133-3672-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-8133-3672-4">0-8133-3672-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Russia&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press&amp;rft.date=1999-11-25&amp;rft.isbn=0-8133-3672-4&amp;rft.aulast=Treadgold&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXs8sYy1vIS0C%26pg%3DPA230%26dq%3Dbelorussia%2Bnationalists%2Bname%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D3%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26cd%3D13%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFVauchez2001" class="citation book">Vauchez, André (<time datetime="2001-04-01">1 aprilie 2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qtgotOF0MKQC&amp;pg=PA163&amp;dq=White+Ruthenia&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=4SjPS97dGIecMrDzgR8&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10&amp;ved=0CGQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=White%20Ruthenia&amp;f=false"><i>Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages</i></a> &#91;<i>Enciclopedia Evului Mediu</i>&#93; (în engleză). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1-57958-282-6" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/1-57958-282-6">1-57958-282-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Middle+Ages&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2001-04-01&amp;rft.isbn=1-57958-282-6&amp;rft.aulast=Vauchez&amp;rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqtgotOF0MKQC%26pg%3DPA163%26dq%3DWhite%2BRuthenia%26hl%3Den%26ei%3D4SjPS97dGIecMrDzgR8%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26ct%3Dresult%26resnum%3D10%26ved%3D0CGQQ6AEwCQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DWhite%2520Ruthenia%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFZaprudnik1993" class="citation book">Zaprudnik, Jan (<time datetime="1993-08-16">16 august 1993</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qtnTh3-2Ki8C&amp;pg=PA1&amp;dq=Belarusia+name&amp;lr=&amp;as_brr=3&amp;client=firefox-a&amp;cd=3#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false"><i>Belarus: At A Crossroads In History</i></a> &#91;<i>Belarus: la o răscruce în istorie</i>&#93; (în engleză). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westview_Press&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Westview Press — pagină inexistentă">Westview Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/0-8133-1794-0" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/0-8133-1794-0">0-8133-1794-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Belarus%3A+At+A+Crossroads+In+History&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press&amp;rft.date=1993-08-16&amp;rft.isbn=0-8133-1794-0&amp;rft.aulast=Zaprudnik&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqtnTh3-2Ki8C%26pg%3DPA1%26dq%3DBelarusia%2Bname%26lr%3D%26as_brr%3D3%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26cd%3D3%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ABelarus" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#39;s source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Materiale media legate de <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Belarus" class="extiw" title="commons:Belarus">Belarus</a> la <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-belarus.org/links/egov.html">E-guvernare în Belarus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.government.by/en/eng_news.html">Guvernul Belarusului</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081106003017/http://www.government.by/en/eng_news.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-11-06">6 noiembrie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.by/en/">Ministrul de Afaceri Externe</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.president.gov.by/en/">Site-ul oficial al Președintelui</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Belarus_—_Bieloruși_—_Limba_belarusă" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Subiecte_Belarus" title="Format:Subiecte Belarus"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte Belarus — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Belarus&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Belarus_—_Bieloruși_—_Limba_belarusă" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belarus</a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bieloru%C8%99i" title="Categorie:Bieloruși">Bieloruși</a> — <a href="/wiki/Limba_belarus%C4%83" title="Limba belarusă">Limba belarusă</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83rarea_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Apărarea Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Apărare</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de localități din Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Așezări</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Capitala</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_ai_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de conducători ai Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Conducători</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cultura_Belarusului" title="Cultura Belarusului">Cultură</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Demografie</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Belarusului" title="Drapelul Belarusului">Drapel</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Economia_Belarusului" title="Economia Belarusului">Economie</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația în Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Educație</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Belarusului" title="Geografia Belarusului">Geografie</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Istoria_Belarusului" title="Istoria Belarusului">Istorie</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Belarus" title="Lista orașelor din Belarus">Orașe</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Politica_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Politica Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Politică</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportul_%C3%AEn_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportul în Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Sport</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Stema_Belarusului" title="Stema Belarusului">Stemă</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subdiviziunile_Belarusului&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Subdiviziunile Belarusului — pagină inexistentă">Subdiviziuni</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turismul_%C3%AEn_Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turismul în Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Turism</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Belarus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Belarusului"><img alt="Drapelul Belarusului" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/120px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/250px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Belarus" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Belarus">Atlas</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Belarus" title="Categorie:Cioturi Belarus">Cioturi</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_Belarus" title="Categorie:Formate Belarus">Formate</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Belarus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Belarus">Imagini</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Belarus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Belarus — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16786155">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:0 auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-image,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-list{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-group,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .whiteText{color:#fff}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important;background:transparent!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Europa_slavă_(țări_europene_vorbitoare_de_limbi_slave)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Europa_slav%C4%83" title="Format:Europa slavă"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Europa_slav%C4%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Europa slavă — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Europa_slav%C4%83&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Europa_slavă_(țări_europene_vorbitoare_de_limbi_slave)" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Europa_slav%C4%83" title="Europa slavă">Europa slavă</a> (țări europene vorbitoare de <a href="/wiki/Limbi_slave" title="Limbi slave">limbi slave</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limbi slave de vest</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia">Cehia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limbi slave de est</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belarus</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limbi slave de sud</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația">Croația</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru">Muntenegru</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_de_Nord" title="Macedonia de Nord">Macedonia de Nord</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155" /> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente_(CSI)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Format:Comunitatea Statelor Independente"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Comunitatea Statelor Independente — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente_(CSI)" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Comunitatea_Statelor_Independente" title="Comunitatea Statelor Independente">Comunitatea Statelor Independente (CSI)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">State membre</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belarus</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2rg%C3%A2zstan" title="Kârgâzstan">Kârgâzstan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Tadjikistan" title="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_CIS.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="CSI"><img alt="CSI" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_the_CIS.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_CIS.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Foste membre</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155" /> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Țări_și_teritorii_din_Europa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Discuție Format:Țări europene"><abbr title="Discută acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format" style=";;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Țări_și_teritorii_din_Europa" class="whiteText" style="font-size:100%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Țări și teritorii din Europa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_europene" class="mw-redirect" title="Listă de țări europene">State<br />suverane</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Azerbaidjan" title="Azerbaidjan">Azerbaidjan</a><small><sup>1</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Belarus</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_%C8%99i_Her%C8%9Begovina" title="Bosnia și Herțegovina">Bosnia și Herțegovina</a></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cehia" title="Cehia">Cehia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Cipru" title="Cipru">Cipru</a><small><sup>2</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația">Croația</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Danemarca" title="Danemarca">Danemarca</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Elve%C8%9Bia" title="Elveția">Elveția</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Franța">Franța</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Georgia" title="Georgia">Georgia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Grecia" title="Grecia">Grecia</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Irlanda" title="Irlanda">Irlanda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Islanda" title="Islanda">Islanda</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<small><sup>3</sup></small> <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Kazahstan" title="Kazahstan">Kazahstan</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32;<small><sup>1</sup></small> <a href="/wiki/Letonia" title="Letonia">Letonia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Luxemburg" title="Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_de_Nord" title="Macedonia de Nord">Macedonia de Nord</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldova" title="Republica Moldova">Republica Moldova</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Muntenegru" title="Muntenegru">Muntenegru</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Polonia" title="Polonia">Polonia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Portugalia" title="Portugalia">Portugalia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Regatul_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Unit">Regatul Unit</a></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A2nia" title="România">România</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Rusia" title="Rusia">Rusia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Slovacia" title="Slovacia">Slovacia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spania</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Suedia" title="Suedia">Suedia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Turcia" title="Turcia">Turcia</a><small><sup>1</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/%C8%9A%C4%83rile_de_Jos" title="Țările de Jos">Țările de Jos</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Ucraina" title="Ucraina">Ucraina</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Ungaria" title="Ungaria">Ungaria</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a><small><sup>4</sup></small> </p> </div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Europe_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">State cu<br />recunoaștere<br />limitată</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Abhazia" title="Abhazia">Abhazia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Republica_Turc%C4%83_a_Ciprului_de_Nord" title="Republica Turcă a Ciprului de Nord">Ciprul de Nord</a><small><sup>1</sup></small></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Republica_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Republica Kosovo">Kosovo</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Osetia_de_Sud" title="Osetia de Sud">Osetia de Sud</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Republica_Moldoveneasc%C4%83_Nistrean%C4%83" title="Republica Moldovenească Nistreană">Republica Moldovenească Nistreană</a> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Lista_%C8%9B%C4%83rilor_%C8%99i_teritoriilor_nesuverane_europene" title="Lista țărilor și teritoriilor nesuverane europene">Teritorii<br />nesuverane</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Danemarca</div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_Feroe" title="Insulele Feroe">Insulele Feroe</a></span><small><sup>3</sup></small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_%C8%99i_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri și Dhekelia">Akrotiri și Dhekelia</a><small><sup>2</sup></small></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insula_Man" title="Insula Man">Insula Man</a></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Insula_Jersey" title="Insula Jersey">Jersey</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155" /> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Teritorii<br />suverane</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Finlanda</div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Insulele_%C3%85land" title="Insulele Åland">Insulele Åland</a></span> (regiune autonomă supusă <a href="/wiki/Conven%C8%9Bia_%C3%85land" class="mw-redirect" title="Convenția Åland">convenției Åland</a> din 1921)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Norvegia</div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (zonă neîncorporată care face obiectul <a href="/wiki/Tratatul_Svalbardului" title="Tratatul Svalbardului">Tratatul Svalbardului</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:relative"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Regatul Unit</div></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span style="white-space:nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/Anglia" title="Anglia">Anglia</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%C8%9Aara_Galilor" title="Țara Galilor">Țara Galilor</a></span>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Sco%C8%9Bia" title="Scoția">Scoția</a>&#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Irlanda_de_Nord" title="Irlanda de Nord">Irlanda de Nord</a></span> (în baza <a href="/wiki/Acordul_de_la_Belfast" title="Acordul de la Belfast">Acordului de la Belfast</a>)</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155" /> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small><sup>1</sup></small> Întinde granița convențională dintre Europa și un alt continent. <small><sup>2</sup></small> Este considerat european din motive culturale, politice și istorice, dar se află geografic în Asia de Vest. <small><sup>3</sup></small> Insulele oceanice aflate în apropierea Europei sunt de obicei incluse în cadrul continentului, chiar dacă nu se află pe platforma sa continentală.<small><sup>4</sup></small> Este guvernat de <a href="/wiki/Sf%C3%A2ntul_Scaun" title="Sfântul Scaun">Sfântul Scaun</a>, care are suveranitate asupra <a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vaticanului</a>.<br /> <b>Țări după continent: <a href="/wiki/Format:Africa" title="Format:Africa">Africa</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Nord" title="Format:America de Nord">America de Nord</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Format:America_de_Sud" title="Format:America de Sud">America de Sud</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_%C3%AEn_Asia" title="Format:Țări în Asia">Asia</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Format:%C8%9A%C4%83ri_europene" title="Format:Țări europene">Europa</a> &#160;<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#183;</span>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Format:Oceania" title="Format:Oceania">Oceania</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16786155" /> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX451313">XX451313</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153259176">cb153259176</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb153259176">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA12328215?l=en">DA12328215</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4079143-9">4079143-9</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/042855">042855</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121712080">0000 0001 2171 2080</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/KulturNav" title="KulturNav">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/724e58d3-03d0-44c4-b46d-47e5e002215c">724e58d3-03d0-44c4-b46d-47e5e002215c</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n91128701">n91128701</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/660e3c48-b301-3c8c-9708-0f71d5d094d6">660e3c48-b301-3c8c-9708-0f71d5d094d6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045271">10045271</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577502">00577502</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ge128882&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">ge128882</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/171858">171858</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027501086">027501086</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/122714179">122714179</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat_Identities" class="mw-redirect" title="WorldCat Identities">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/122714179">122714179</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐5f6c89f4bf‐7kt4k Cached time: 20250401160956 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.813 seconds Real time usage: 2.558 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10424/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 394820/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3897/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 18/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 495751/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.178/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11351185/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements 180 ms 14.3% ? 100 ms 7.9% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 100 ms 7.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 100 ms 7.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::match 80 ms 6.3% dataWrapper <mw.lua:672> 60 ms 4.8% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess 60 ms 4.8% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::find 60 ms 4.8% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::sub 40 ms 3.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames 40 ms 3.2% [others] 440 ms 34.9% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 17/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1864.679 1 -total 36.38% 678.385 1 Format:Infocaseta_Țară 18.96% 353.605 71 Format:Cite_web 8.26% 153.947 33 Format:Cite_book 5.09% 94.874 22 Format:Cite_news 5.03% 93.860 6 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă 3.32% 61.936 1 Format:Subiecte_Belarus 2.99% 55.739 7 Format:Ru 2.46% 45.784 6 Format:Be 2.11% 39.396 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key rowiki:pcache:13360:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250401160956 and revision id 16742024. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;oldid=16742024">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;oldid=16742024</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_de_calitate" title="Categorie:Articole de calitate">Articole de calitate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Belarus" title="Categorie:Belarus">Belarus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Eponime_ale_asteroizilor" title="Categorie:Eponime ale asteroizilor">Eponime ale asteroizilor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Foste_%C8%9B%C4%83ri_ale_Uniunii_Sovietice" title="Categorie:Foste țări ale Uniunii Sovietice">Foste țări ale Uniunii Sovietice</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_englez%C4%83_(en)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)">Articole cu surse în limba engleză (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_rus%C4%83_(ru)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba rusă (ru)">Articole cu surse în limba rusă (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Categorie:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Mentenan%C8%9B%C4%83_CS1:_Text_%C3%AEn_plus:_lista_autorilor" title="Categorie:Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor">Mentenanță CS1: Text în plus: lista autorilor</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_leg%C4%83turi_externe_nefunc%C8%9Bionale" title="Categorie:Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale">Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_surse_%C3%AEn_limba_spaniol%C4%83_(es)" title="Categorie:Articole cu surse în limba spaniolă (es)">Articole cu surse în limba spaniolă (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_ce_folosesc_leg%C4%83turi_automate_c%C4%83tre_ISBN" title="Categorie:Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN">Pagini ce folosesc legături automate către ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_cu_leg%C4%83turi_c%C4%83tre_elemente_f%C4%83r%C4%83_etichet%C4%83_%C3%AEn_limba_rom%C3%A2n%C4%83" title="Categorie:Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română">Articole cu legături către elemente fără etichetă în limba română</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNE" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_BNF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_CINII" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori CINII</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_HDS" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori HDS</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_ISNI" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori ISNI</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_KULTURNAV" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori KULTURNAV">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori KULTURNAV</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_LCCN" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_MusicBrainz_area" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori MusicBrainz area">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori MusicBrainz area</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NARA" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NDL" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_NKC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SELIBR" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SELIBR</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_SUDOC" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori SUDOC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_WorldCat-VIAF" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori WorldCat-VIAF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Control_de_autoritate_cu_15_elemente" title="Categorie:Control de autoritate cu 15 elemente">Control de autoritate cu 15 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 9 ianuarie 2025, ora 14:53.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. Vedeți detalii la <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Termenii de utilizare</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Politica de confidențialitate</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Despre">Despre Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Termeni">Termeni</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Cod de conduită</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dezvoltatori</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ro.wikipedia.org">Statistici</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declarație cookie</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ro.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versiune mobilă</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Căutare</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Căutare în Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Căutare"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Căutare</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Belarus</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>282 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-fb96cc848-l5zkg","wgBackendResponseTime":253,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.813","walltime":"2.558","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10424,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":394820,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3897,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":495751,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":17,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1864.679 1 -total"," 36.38% 678.385 1 Format:Infocaseta_Țară"," 18.96% 353.605 71 Format:Cite_web"," 8.26% 153.947 33 Format:Cite_book"," 5.09% 94.874 22 Format:Cite_news"," 5.03% 93.860 6 Format:Casetă_de_navigare_simplă"," 3.32% 61.936 1 Format:Subiecte_Belarus"," 2.99% 55.739 7 Format:Ru"," 2.46% 45.784 6 Format:Be"," 2.11% 39.396 1 Format:Control_de_autoritate"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.178","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11351185,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"number1 = 207595\nnumber2 = 207595\nnumber1 = 9109280\nnumber2 = 9109280\nnumber1 = \"207600\"\nnumber2 = 207600\nnumber1 = \"345\"\nnumber2 = 345\nnumber1 = \"90\"\nnumber2 = 90\nnumber1 = \"160\"\nnumber2 = 160\nnumber1 = \"-6\"\nnumber2 = -6\nnumber1 = \"18\"\nnumber2 = 18\nnumber1 = \"550\"\nnumber2 = 550\nnumber1 = \"700\"\nnumber2 = 700\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","180","14.3"],["?","100","7.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","100","7.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","6.3"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","60","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","3.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::fetchLanguageNames","40","3.2"],["[others]","440","34.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5f6c89f4bf-7kt4k","timestamp":"20250401160956","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Belarus","url":"https:\/\/ro.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Belarus","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q184","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-11-18T02:41:41Z","dateModified":"2025-01-09T11:53:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/85\/Flag_of_Belarus.svg","headline":"stat \u00een Europa de Est"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10