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class="mw-page-title-main">Welwitschiaceae</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvi%C3%A7iyakimil%C9%99r" title="Velviçiyakimilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Velviçiyakimilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Велвичиеви – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Велвичиеви" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitsqui%C3%A0cies" title="Welwitsquiàcies – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Welwitsquiàcies" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitschia-familien" title="Welwitschia-familien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Welwitschia-familien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velvi%C4%89iacoj" title="Velviĉiacoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Velviĉiacoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwi%C4%87ijowe_rostliny" title="Welwićijowe rostliny – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Welwićijowe rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitschiaceae" title="Welwitschiaceae – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Welwitschiaceae" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fur%C3%B0ubl%C3%B6%C3%B0ku%C3%A6tt" title="Furðublöðkuætt – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Furðublöðkuætt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitschiaceae" title="Welwitschiaceae – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Welwitschiaceae" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welwitschiaceae" title="Welwitschiaceae – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Welwitschiaceae" data-language-autonym="Português" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Family of plants</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Welwitschiaceae<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <a href="/wiki/Aptian" title="Aptian">Late Aptian</a>-recent <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">115–0 <a href="/wiki/Megaannum" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaannum">Ma</a></span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:181.07692307692px; width:38.923076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:181.07692307692px; width:38.923076923077px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:182.07692307692px; width:36.923076923077px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/220px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/330px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg/440px-Welwitschia_at_Ugab_River_basin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="531" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i><a href="/wiki/Welwitschia_mirabilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Welwitschia mirabilis">Welwitschia mirabilis</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Welwitschiaceae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnospermae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetopsida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welwitschiales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Welwitschiaceae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Caruel" title="Teodoro Caruel"> Caruel</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Type_genus" title="Type genus">Type genus</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Welwitschia" title="Welwitschia">Welwitschia</a><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Welwitschiaceae</b> is a family of plants of the order <a href="/wiki/Gnetales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnetales">Gnetales</a> with one living species, <i><a href="/wiki/Welwitschia" title="Welwitschia">Welwitschia mirabilis</a></i>, found in southwestern Africa. Three fossil genera have been recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Crato_Formation" title="Crato Formation">Crato Formation</a> – late Aptian (<a href="/wiki/Lower_Cretaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Cretaceous">Lower Cretaceous</a>) strata located in the <a href="/wiki/Araripe_Basin" title="Araripe Basin">Araripe Basin</a> in northeastern Brazil,<sup id="cite_ref-dilcher05_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with one of these also being known from the early Late Cretaceous (<a href="/wiki/Cenomanian" title="Cenomanian">Cenomanian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Turonian" title="Turonian">Turonian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Akrabou_Formation" title="Akrabou Formation">Akrabou Formation</a> of Morocco.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>German naturalist <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Markgraf" title="Friedrich Markgraf">Friedrich Markgraf</a> coined the name Welwitschiaceae in 1926, which appeared in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Nat%C3%BCrlichen_Pflanzenfamilien" title="Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien">Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Tropicos and AP Web give authority as Caruel (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most recent systems place the Welwitschiaceae in the <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperm</a> order <a href="/wiki/Gnetales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnetales">Gnetales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This order is most closely related to the order <a href="/wiki/Pinales" title="Pinales">Pinales</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/Araucariaceae" title="Araucariaceae">Araucariaceae</a> - Araucarians, <a href="/wiki/Cupressaceae" title="Cupressaceae">Cupressaceae</a> - Cypress Family, <a href="/wiki/Pinaceae" title="Pinaceae">Pinaceae</a> - Pine Family, <a href="/wiki/Podocarpaceae" title="Podocarpaceae">Podocarpaceae</a> - Podocarps, <a href="/wiki/Sciadopityaceae" title="Sciadopityaceae">Sciadopityaceae</a> - Koyamaki Family (the sole member <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/129057-Sciadopitys-verticillata">Sciadopitys verticillata - Koyamaki</a>), <a href="/wiki/Taxaceae" title="Taxaceae">Taxaceae</a> - Yew Family. Genetic analyses indicate that the Gnetales arose from within the conifer group, and any morphological similarities between angiosperms and Gnetales have evolved separately.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ancestors of the extant gymnosperm orders—Gnetales, Coniferales, Cycadales and Ginkgoales—arose during the Late Paleozoic, and became the dominant component of the <a href="/wiki/Lopingian" title="Lopingian">Late Permian</a> and Mesozoic flora.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Living_species">Living species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Living species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The family contains a single genus and single extant species, <i><a href="/wiki/Welwitschia" title="Welwitschia">Welwitschia mirabilis</a></i>, which lives in the <a href="/wiki/Kaokoveld" title="Kaokoveld">Kaokoveld</a> Desert of Angola and Namibia in southwestern Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fossil_species">Fossil species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fossil species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossil evidence indicates that members of the Welwitschiaceae were present in South America during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Cretaceous" title="Early Cretaceous">Early Cretaceous</a> (Mesozoic era).<sup id="cite_ref-dilcher05_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Priscowelwitschia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Priscowelwitschia (page does not exist)">Priscowelwitschia austroamericana</a></i> (initially named <i>Welwitschiella</i> but illegitimate due to the daisy genus <i><a href="/wiki/Welwitschiella" title="Welwitschiella">Welwitschiella</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a fossil taxon referring to some seedlings with <a href="/wiki/Cotyledon" title="Cotyledon">cotyledon</a> leaves. These have many features in common with <i>Welwitschia</i> seedlings.<sup id="cite_ref-dilcher05_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiophyllum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welwitschiophyllum (page does not exist)">Welwitschiophyllum brasiliense</a></i> is a taxon known from thick triangular to linear leaves that range from 8.9 to 70 cm long and 2.8–5 cm wide.<sup id="cite_ref-dilcher05_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiostrobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welwitschiostrobus (page does not exist)">Welwitschiostrobus murili</a></i> is a fossil taxon known from some cones that resemble the living <i>Welwitschia</i>, but are longer and thinner.<sup id="cite_ref-dilcher05_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jacobson and Lester<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> suggest that these early habitats were more <a href="/wiki/Mesic_habitat" title="Mesic habitat">mesic</a> than the current desert conditions, and that the present fragmented and isolated population distribution could be attributed to <a href="/wiki/Aridification" title="Aridification">aridification</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Paleogene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">Neogene</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a>, which restricted the plants to locales providing sufficient water for their needs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dilcher05-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dilcher05_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilcher05_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilcher05_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilcher05_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilcher05_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDilcher,_David_L.Bernardes-De-Oliveira,_Mary_E.Pons,_DeniseLott,_Terry_A.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dilcher, David L.; Bernardes-De-Oliveira, Mary E.; Pons, Denise; Lott, Terry A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.92.8.1294">"Welwitschiaceae from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil"</a>. <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>92</b> (8): 1294–1310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.92.8.1294">10.3732/ajb.92.8.1294</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21646150">21646150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Welwitschiaceae+from+the+Lower+Cretaceous+of+northeastern+Brazil&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=1294-1310&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3732%2Fajb.92.8.1294&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21646150&rft.au=Dilcher%2C+David+L.&rft.au=Bernardes-De-Oliveira%2C+Mary+E.&rft.au=Pons%2C+Denise&rft.au=Lott%2C+Terry+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3732%252Fajb.92.8.1294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelwitschiaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertsMartillLoveridge2020" class="citation journal cs1">Roberts, Emily A.; Martill, David M.; Loveridge, Robert F. (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pgeola.2019.10.002">"Phytogeographical implications of the probable occurrence of the gnetalean plant Welwitschiophyllum in the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Africa"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Geologists' Association</i>. <b>131</b> (1): 1–7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pgeola.2019.10.002">10.1016/j.pgeola.2019.10.002</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Geologists%27+Association&rft.atitle=Phytogeographical+implications+of+the+probable+occurrence+of+the+gnetalean+plant+Welwitschiophyllum+in+the+Late+Cretaceous+%28Cenomanian%29+of+Africa&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-7&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pgeola.2019.10.002&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Emily+A.&rft.au=Martill%2C+David+M.&rft.au=Loveridge%2C+Robert+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.pgeola.2019.10.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelwitschiaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APWeb/">http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APWeb/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chaw S-M., C.L. Parkinson, Y. Cheng, T.M. Vincent and J. D. Palmer (2000) Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97:4086–4091</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Z-Q (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242163">"A new Permian Gnetalean cone fossil as evidence for supporting molecular phylogeny"</a>. <i>Annals of Botany</i>. <b>94</b> (2): 281–288. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmch138">10.1093/aob/mch138</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242163">4242163</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15229124">15229124</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=A+new+Permian+Gnetalean+cone+fossil+as+evidence+for+supporting+molecular+phylogeny&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=281-288&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4242163%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15229124&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faob%2Fmch138&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Z-Q&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4242163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelwitschiaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatnagar,_S._P.Moitra,_Alok1996" class="citation book cs1">Bhatnagar, S. P.; Moitra, Alok (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4dvyNckni8wC&pg=PA373"><i>Gymnosperms</i></a>. p. 373. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788122407921" title="Special:BookSources/9788122407921"><bdi>9788122407921</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gymnosperms&rft.pages=373&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788122407921&rft.au=Bhatnagar%2C+S.+P.&rft.au=Moitra%2C+Alok&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4dvyNckni8wC%26pg%3DPA373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelwitschiaceae" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDilcher,_David_L.Bernardes-De-Oliveira,_Mary_E.Pons,_DeniseLott,_Terry_A.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Dilcher, David L.; Bernardes-De-Oliveira, Mary E.; Pons, Denise; Lott, Terry A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amjbot.org/content/92/12/1957.short">"Welwitschiaceae from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil"</a>. <i>American Journal of Botany – Erratum</i>. <b>92</b> (12): 1957.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany+%E2%80%93+Erratum&rft.atitle=Welwitschiaceae+from+the+Lower+Cretaceous+of+northeastern+Brazil&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1957&rft.date=2005&rft.au=Dilcher%2C+David+L.&rft.au=Bernardes-De-Oliveira%2C+Mary+E.&rft.au=Pons%2C+Denise&rft.au=Lott%2C+Terry+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amjbot.org%2Fcontent%2F92%2F12%2F1957.short&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWelwitschiaceae" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsonLester2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jacobson, K.M.; Lester, E. (2003). "A first assessment of genetic variation in <i>Welwitschia mirabilis</i> Hook". <i>Journal of Heredity</i>. <b>94</b> (3): 212–217. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.495.1358">10.1.1.495.1358</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjhered%2Fesg051">10.1093/jhered/esg051</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12816961">12816961</a>.</cite><span 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Welwitschiaceae</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10780833" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10780833">Q10780833</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Welwitschiaceae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Welwitschiaceae">Welwitschiaceae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/HVY">HVY</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1304073">1304073</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1WELF">1WELF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3718">3718</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomyfamily.aspx?id=1191">1191</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/64618">64618</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/20003354-1">20003354-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=114285">114285</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=18058">18058</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=3375">3375</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/0ce54670-a4cd-4185-a133-a9dc8caabc28">0ce54670-a4cd-4185-a133-a9dc8caabc28</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=47949">47949</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=54806">54806</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A20003354-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:20003354-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/42000476">42000476</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-7000000643">wfo-7000000643</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&oldid=1245256693">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welwitschiaceae&oldid=1245256693</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Welwitschiaceae" title="Category:Welwitschiaceae">Welwitschiaceae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plant_families" title="Category:Plant families">Plant families</a></li><li><a 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