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class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">William E. Moerner</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 55 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وليام مورنر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وليام مورنر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uilyam_M%C3%B6rner" title="Uilyam Mörner – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Uilyam Mörner" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="উইলিয়াম এসকো মোয়ের্নার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইলিয়াম এসকো মোয়ের্নার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Уільям Мёрнер – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Уільям Мёрнер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Уилям Мьорнър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уилям Мьорнър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%97%84_%EB%A8%B8%EB%84%88" title="윌리엄 머너 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="윌리엄 머너" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Ուիլյամ Մոերներ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուիլյամ Մոերներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम एस्को मोइरनर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विलियम एस्को मोइरनर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A8" title="ויליאם מורנר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויליאם מורנר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="უილიამ მოურნერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="უილიამ მოურნერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulielmus_Moerner" title="Gulielmus Moerner – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gulielmus Moerner" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम मर्नर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="विलियम मर्नर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%87._%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%BC" title="വില്ല്യം ഇ. മോണർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വില്ല്യം ഇ. മോണർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विल्यम मोएर्नर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="विल्यम मोएर्नर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="وليام مورنر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وليام مورنر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ویلیام اسکو مورنر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0" title="विलियम मर्नर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विलियम मर्नर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="ウィリアム・モーナー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウィリアム・モーナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ولیم مورنر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ولیم مورنر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Esco_Moerner" title="William Esco Moerner – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="William Esco Moerner" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC" title="Мёрнер, Уильям – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мёрнер, Уильям" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%88._%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="வில்லியம். ஈ. மோர்னர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வில்லியம். ஈ. மோர்னர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вильям Мөрнер – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Вильям Мөрнер" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Moerner" title="William Moerner – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="William Moerner" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BC_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Вільям Мернер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вільям Мернер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1" title="ولیم ای مورنر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ولیم ای مورنر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="William E. Moerner" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94" title="威廉·莫尔纳尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威廉·莫尔纳尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1387059#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">William E. Moerner</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg/220px-W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg/330px-W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg/440px-W.E._Moerner_in_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5064" data-file-height="7089" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Moerner in 2024</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">William Esco Moerner</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1953-06-24</span>) </span>June 24, 1953<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 71)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Pleasanton,_California" title="Pleasanton, California">Pleasanton, California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Wolf Prize in Chemistry">Wolf Prize in Chemistry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir_Award" title="Irving Langmuir Award">Irving Langmuir Award</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2009)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye_Award" title="Peter Debye Award">Peter Debye Award</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2013)</span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2014)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">Chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applied_physics" title="Applied physics">applied physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego">UC San Diego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/303223067/">Vibrational relaxation dynamics of an IR-laser-excited molecular impurity mode in alkali halide lattices</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1982)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lassp.cornell.edu/sievers/">Albert J. Sievers</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other academic advisors</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Gegan_Miller" title="James Gegan Miller">James Gegan Miller</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>William Esco Moerner</b>, also known as <b>W. E. Moerner</b>, (born June 24, 1953) is an American <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical chemist">physical chemist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemical_physicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical physicist">chemical physicist</a> with current work in the <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a> and imaging of single molecules. He is credited with achieving the first optical detection and <a href="/wiki/Single-molecule_experiment" title="Single-molecule experiment">spectroscopy of a single molecule</a> in <a href="/wiki/Condensed_phase" class="mw-redirect" title="Condensed phase">condensed phases</a>, along with his postdoc, Lothar Kador.<sup id="cite_ref-Reich_Kapon_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reich_Kapon-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Moerner_Kador_pp._2535–2538_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Moerner_Kador_pp._2535–2538-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Optical study of single molecules has subsequently become a widely used <a href="/wiki/Single-molecule_experiment" title="Single-molecule experiment">single-molecule experiment</a> in chemistry, physics and biology.<sup id="cite_ref-Single_Molecule_Spectroscopy_in_Chemistry,_Physics_and_Biology_2010_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Single_Molecule_Spectroscopy_in_Chemistry,_Physics_and_Biology_2010-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sunobelwinner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunobelwinner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg/220px-Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg/330px-Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg/440px-Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4956" data-file-height="5310" /></a><figcaption><b>Bacteria-3D-Double-Helix.</b><br />This image shows 3D super-resolution imaging of Caulobacter crescentus bacteria cell surfaces (gray) and a labeled protein (CreS, orange-red) obtained using the double-helix single-molecule active control microscopy technique.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moerner was born in <a href="/wiki/Pleasanton,_California" title="Pleasanton, California">Pleasanton, California</a>, in 1953 June 24 the son of Bertha Frances (Robinson) and William Alfred Moerner.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a boy scout, with the <a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America" title="Boy Scouts of America">Boy Scouts of America</a> and became an <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Scout_(Boy_Scouts_of_America)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended <a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a> for undergraduate studies as an Alexander S. Langsdorf Engineering Fellow, and obtained three degrees: a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">B.S.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> with <a href="/wiki/Latin_honors" title="Latin honors">Final Honors</a>, a B.S. in <a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical engineering">electrical engineering</a> with Final Honors, and an <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">A.B.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Summa_cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa cum laude">summa cum laude</a></i> in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-engineering.wustl.edu_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engineering.wustl.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He then pursued graduate study, partially supported by a <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> , at <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a> in the group of Albert J. Sievers III.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here he received an <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">M.S.</a> degree and a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">Ph.D.</a> degree in physics in 1978 and 1982, respectively. His doctoral thesis was on vibrational relaxation dynamics of an IR-laser-excited molecular impurity mode in alkali halide lattices.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Throughout his school years, Moerner was a straight A student from 1963 to 1982, and won both the Dean's Award for Unusually Exceptional Academic Achievement as well as the Ethan A. H. Shepley Award for Outstanding Achievement when he graduated from college.<sup id="cite_ref-kanlin556_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanlin556-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moerner worked at the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Almaden_Research_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Almaden Research Center">IBM Almaden Research Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, as a research staff member from 1981 to 1988, a manager from 1988 to 1989, and project leader from 1989 to 1995. After an appointment as visiting guest professor of physical chemistry at <a href="/wiki/ETH_Zurich" title="ETH Zurich">ETH Zurich</a> (1993–1994), he assumed the distinguished chair in physical chemistry in the department of chemistry and biochemistry at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>, from 1995 to 1998. In 1997 he was named the Robert Burns Woodward Visiting Professor at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. His research group moved to <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> in 1998, where he became professor of chemistry (1998), Harry S. Mosher Professor (2003), and professor, by courtesy, of applied physics (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-kanlin556_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanlin556-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sufacultychem_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sufacultychem-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moerner was appointed department chair for chemistry from 2011 to 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-suprofiles_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suprofiles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His current areas of research and interest include: single-molecule spectroscopy and <a href="/wiki/Super-resolution_microscopy" title="Super-resolution microscopy">super-resolution microscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physical_chemistry" title="Physical chemistry">physical chemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chemical_physics" title="Chemical physics">chemical physics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biophysics" title="Biophysics">biophysics</a>, nanoparticle trapping, <a href="/wiki/Nanophotonics" title="Nanophotonics">nanophotonics</a>, photorefractive polymers, and spectral hole-burning.<sup id="cite_ref-sufacultychem_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sufacultychem-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 2014, Moerner was listed as a faculty advisor in 26 theses written by Stanford graduate students.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of May 16, 2014, there are 386 publications listed in Moerner's full CV.<sup id="cite_ref-fullcv_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recent editorial and advisory boards Moerner has served on include: member of the Board of Scientific Counselors for the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Biomedical_Imaging_and_Bioengineering" title="National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering">National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering</a> (NIBIB);<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advisory board member for the Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academica Sinica, Taiwan;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advisory editorial board member for <i>Chemical Physics Letters</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> advisory board member for the Center for Biomedical Imaging at Stanford;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and chair of Stanford University's health and safety committee.<sup id="cite_ref-suprofiles_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suprofiles-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moerner is the recipient the National Winner of the Outstanding Young Professional Award for 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the electrical engineering honorary society, <a href="/wiki/Eta_Kappa_Nu" title="Eta Kappa Nu">Eta Kappa Nu</a>, April 22, 1985; IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award for Photon-Gated Spectral Hole-Burning, July 11, 1988;<sup id="cite_ref-fullcv_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Award for Single-Molecule Detection and Spectroscopy, November 22, 1992;<sup id="cite_ref-fullcv_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Earle_K._Plyler_Prize_for_Molecular_Spectroscopy" class="mw-redirect" title="Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy">Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, 2001;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Wolf Prize in Chemistry">Wolf Prize in Chemistry</a>, 2008;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir_Award" title="Irving Langmuir Award">Irving Langmuir Award</a> in Chemical Physics, <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, 2009;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Award, 2012;<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye_Award" title="Peter Debye Award">Peter Debye Award</a> in Physical Chemistry, <a href="/wiki/American_Chemical_Society" title="American Chemical Society">American Chemical Society</a>, 2013;<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Engineering Alumni Achievement Award, Washington University, 2013;<sup id="cite_ref-engineering.wustl.edu_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-engineering.wustl.edu-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sunobelwinner_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sunobelwinner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moerner also holds more than a dozen patents. </p><p>His honorary memberships include Senior Member, <a href="/wiki/IEEE" class="mw-redirect" title="IEEE">IEEE</a>, June 17, 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-fullcv_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Member, <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a>, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nair_pp._6357–6357_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nair_pp._6357–6357-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also a Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/Optical_Society_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical Society of America">Optical Society of America</a>, May 28, 1992;<sup id="cite_ref-fullcv_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a>, November 16, 1992;<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>, 2001;<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moerner was born on June 24, 1953, at Parks Air Force Base in <a href="/wiki/Pleasanton,_California" title="Pleasanton, California">Pleasanton, California</a>. From birth, his family called him by his initials W. E. as a way to distinguish him from his father and grandfather who are also named William.<sup id="cite_ref-kanlin556_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kanlin556-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in Texas where he attended <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_High_School_(San_Antonio)" title="Thomas Jefferson High School (San Antonio)">Thomas Jefferson High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio</a>. He participated in many activities during high school: Band, Speech and Debate, Math and Science Contest Team, Bi-Phy-Chem, Masque and Gavel, National Honor Society, Boy Scouts, Amateur Radio Club, Russian Club, Forum Social Club, Toastmasters, "On the Spot" Team and Editor of Each has Spoken. Moerner and his wife, Sharon, have one son, Daniel.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Reich_Kapon-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Reich_Kapon_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReichKapon2010" class="citation journal cs1">Reich, Ziv; Kapon, Ruti (8 June 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fijch.201090002">"Foreword by the Guest Editors"</a>. <i>Israel Journal of Chemistry</i>. <b>49</b> (3–4). Wiley: n/a. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fijch.201090002">10.1002/ijch.201090002</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-2148">0021-2148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+Journal+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Foreword+by+the+Guest+Editors&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=n%2Fa&rft.date=2010-06-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fijch.201090002&rft.issn=0021-2148&rft.aulast=Reich&rft.aufirst=Ziv&rft.au=Kapon%2C+Ruti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fijch.201090002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moerner_Kador_pp._2535–2538-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Moerner_Kador_pp._2535–2538_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoernerKador1989" class="citation journal cs1">Moerner, W. E.; Kador, L. (22 May 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.62.2535">"Optical detection and spectroscopy of single molecules in a solid"</a>. <i>Physical Review Letters</i>. <b>62</b> (21). American Physical Society (APS): 2535–2538. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989PhRvL..62.2535M">1989PhRvL..62.2535M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.62.2535">10.1103/physrevlett.62.2535</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-9007">0031-9007</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10040013">10040013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Review+Letters&rft.atitle=Optical+detection+and+spectroscopy+of+single+molecules+in+a+solid&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=2535-2538&rft.date=1989-05-22&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2Fphysrevlett.62.2535&rft.issn=0031-9007&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10040013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989PhRvL..62.2535M&rft.aulast=Moerner&rft.aufirst=W.+E.&rft.au=Kador%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1103%252Fphysrevlett.62.2535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Single_Molecule_Spectroscopy_in_Chemistry,_Physics_and_Biology_2010-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Single_Molecule_Spectroscopy_in_Chemistry,_Physics_and_Biology_2010_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGräslundRiglerWidengren2010" class="citation book cs1">Gräslund, Astrid; Rigler, Rudolf; Widengren, Jerker, eds. (2010). "Single Molecule Spectroscopy in Chemistry, Physics and Biology". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cds.cern.ch/record/1339402"><i>Springer Series in Chemical Physics</i></a>. Vol. 96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-02597-6">10.1007/978-3-642-02597-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-02596-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-02596-9"><bdi>978-3-642-02596-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0172-6218">0172-6218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Single+Molecule+Spectroscopy+in+Chemistry%2C+Physics+and+Biology&rft.btitle=Springer+Series+in+Chemical+Physics&rft.place=Berlin%2C+Heidelberg&rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&rft.date=2010&rft.issn=0172-6218&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-02597-6&rft.isbn=978-3-642-02596-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcds.cern.ch%2Frecord%2F1339402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize.org-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize.org_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2014/">"Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2014." <i>Nobelprize.org</i></a> (accessed October 8, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sunobelwinner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sunobelwinner_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sunobelwinner_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/october/moerner-nobel-prize-100814.html">"Professor W.E. Moerner wins the Nobel Prize in Chemistry."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, October 8, 2014 (accessed October 8, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://obits.dignitymemorial.com/dignity-memorial/obituary.aspx?n=William-Moerner&lc=4411&pid=159836374&mid=5234796">Dignitymemorial.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scoutingnewsroom.org/blog/eagle-scout-william-e-moerner-shares-nobel-prize-chemistry/">"Eagle Scout William E. Moerner Shares Nobel Prize in Chemistry"</a>. October 15, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eagle+Scout+William+E.+Moerner+Shares+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscoutingnewsroom.org%2Fblog%2Feagle-scout-william-e-moerner-shares-nobel-prize-chemistry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-engineering.wustl.edu-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-engineering.wustl.edu_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-engineering.wustl.edu_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://engineering.wustl.edu/alumniawards.aspx?year=2013">Engineering Alumni Achievement Award, Washington University, 2013</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502102909/https://engineering.wustl.edu/alumniawards.aspx?year=2013">Archived</a> May 2, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=52873">Academic Family Tree</a>. Accessed May 9, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moerner, W. E. 1982. <i>Vibrational relaxation dynamics of an IR-laser-excited molecular impurity mode in alkali halide lattices.</i> Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, Jan. 1982. 591 pages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/745512160">Worldcat.org</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kanlin556-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kanlin556_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanlin556_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kanlin556_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kan, L., & Lin, S. H. (2011). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9087828">Wolf Prize in chemistry : an epitome of chemistry in 20th century and beyond</a></i>. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 556.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sufacultychem-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sufacultychem_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sufacultychem_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemistry.stanford.edu/faculty/w-moerner">Stanford University. Department of Chemistry. Faculty. W. E. Moerner.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111012090228/http://chemistry.stanford.edu/faculty/w-moerner">Archived</a> 2011-10-12 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (accessed May 15, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502212216/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/app-physics/cgi-bin/person/moerner-w-e/">"Stanford University. Department of Applied Physics. W. E. Moerner"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/dept/app-physics/cgi-bin/person/moerner-w-e">the original</a> on 2014-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Stanford+University.+Department+of+Applied+Physics.+W.+E.+Moerner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2Fapp-physics%2Fcgi-bin%2Fperson%2Fmoerner-w-e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-suprofiles-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-suprofiles_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-suprofiles_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/w-moerner">W. E. Moerner | Stanford University Profiles</a> (accessed May 15, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpie2015" class="citation journal cs1">Spie (5 March 2015). "William E. Moerner plenary presentation: Single-molecule spectroscopy, imaging, and photocontrol – foundations for super-resolution microscopy". <i>SPIE Newsroom</i>. SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1117%2F2.3201503.17">10.1117/2.3201503.17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1818-2259">1818-2259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SPIE+Newsroom&rft.atitle=William+E.+Moerner+plenary+presentation%3A+Single-molecule+spectroscopy%2C+imaging%2C+and+photocontrol+%E2%80%93+foundations+for+super-resolution+microscopy&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1117%2F2.3201503.17&rft.issn=1818-2259&rft.au=Spie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchworks.stanford.edu/?f%5Bformat%5D%5B%5D=Thesis&q=%22Moerner%2C+W.+E.+%22&search_field=search_author&sort=pub_date_sort+desc%2C+title_sort+asc">Stanford Searchworks</a>. Accessed May 9, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fullcv-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fullcv_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fullcv_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fullcv_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fullcv_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fullcv_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/moerner/cv/moerner_current.pdf">Full CV for W. E. (William Esco) Moerner</a> (accessed May 15, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nibib.nih.gov/about-nibib/nibib-board-scientific-counselors/nibib-board-scientific-counselors-roster">NIBIB Board of Scientific Counselors</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141013093810/http://www.nibib.nih.gov/about-nibib/nibib-board-scientific-counselors/nibib-board-scientific-counselors-roster">Archived</a> 2014-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (accessed May 14, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iams.sinica.edu.tw/en/?link=advisors">Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academica Sinica, Taiwan, Advisory Board</a> (accessed May 14, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journals.elsevier.com/chemical-physics-letters/editorial-board/"><i>Chemical Physics Letters</i> Editorial Board, Advisory Editorial Board Member</a> (accessed May 14, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbis.stanford.edu/people/">Center for Biomedical Imaging at Stanford. People</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517132423/http://cbis.stanford.edu/people/">Archived</a> 2014-05-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>(accessed May 15, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hkn.org/awards/oyece_past_recipients.asp">Eta Kappa Nu. Outstanding Young Professional Award. Past Award Recipients</a>.(accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/plyler.cfm">Earle K. Plyler Prize for Molecular Spectroscopy & Dynamics.</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolffund.org.il/index.php?dir=site&page=winners&cs=11">The 2008 Wolf Prize in Chemistry</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/february6/wolf-020608.html">Hayley Rutger. 2008. "Professor William E. Moerner awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, February 6, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kan, L., & Lin, S. H. (2011). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9087828">Wolf Prize in chemistry : an epitome of chemistry in 20th century and beyond</a>.</i> Singapore: World Scientific. pp. 553–577.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/units/dcp/awards/recipient.cfm?first_nm=W.E.&last_nm=Moerner&year=2009">2009 Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics Recipient</a> (accessed 1 Mary 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2008/october15/langmuir-101508.html">"W.E. Moerner wins chemical physics prize."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, October 15, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ca.pittcon.org/Technical%20Program/tpabstra12.nsf/focus/4D847904EDC521E7852578730054C631?opendocument&nav=type&cat=Award">Pittsburgh Spectroscopy Award, 2012</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/i34/ACS-2013-National-Award-Winners.html">"ACS 2013 National Award Winners."</a> <i>C&EN</i> 90 (34): 53–54 (August 20, 2012).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/peter-debye-award-in-physical-chemistry.html">ACS Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2007/may9/nas-050907.html">Mark Schwartz and Lisa Trei. 2007. "Five professors among new members elected to National Academy of Sciences."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, May 3, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nair_pp._6357–6357-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nair_pp._6357–6357_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNair2012" class="citation journal cs1">Nair, P. (9 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3340104">"QnAs with W. E. Moerner"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>109</b> (17): 6357. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PNAS..109.6357N">2012PNAS..109.6357N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1204426109">10.1073/pnas.1204426109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3340104">3340104</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22493263">22493263</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=QnAs+with+W.+E.+Moerner&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=6357&rft.date=2012-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3340104%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012PNAS..109.6357N&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22493263&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1204426109&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3340104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWilliam+E.+Moerner" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osa.org/en-us/connect/fellows_directory/">Optical Society of America. Fellow Members Directory.</a> (Members and registered users may search for current Fellow Members on-line in a directory.) Moerner is listed a Fellow for 1992 (accessed May 14, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/index.cfm">APS Fellows</a> (accessed May 1, 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2001/may2/academy-52.html">"Three Stanford professors elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, May 2, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.stanford.edu/news/2003/november5/aaasfellows-115.html">Mark Shwartz. 2003. "Five professors join the ranks of noted science fellows."</a> <i>Stanford Report</i>, November 5, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tjhsmustangs.com/mustangspotlight?mode=PostView&bmi=1458707"><i>Thomas Jefferson High School Alumni Association – Blog: Mustang Spotlight</i> on W. E. Moerner '71</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129080641/http://www.tjhsmustangs.com/mustangspotlight?mode=PostView&bmi=1458707">Archived</a> 2021-11-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (retrieved September 16, 2013).isad</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._Moerner&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Chemistry Tree: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academictree.org/chemistry/peopleinfo.php?pid=52873">William E. Moerner Details</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stanford.edu/group/moerner/">W. E. Moerner Laboratory Homepage at Stanford University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.stanford.edu/w-moerner">W. E. Moerner Profile at Stanford University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=upREfesAAAAJ&view_op=list_works">Google Scholar Profile for W. E. Moerner</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://65.54.113.26/Author/2999536/w-e-moerner">Microsoft Academic Search pagefor W. E. Moerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_affiliated_with_Washington_University_in_St._Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis">List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBmgvIATbCc">Description of Moerner's work</a>: Alumni Alumni Achievement Award from Washington University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/911">William E. Moerner</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1387059#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="2014_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2014 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template talk:2014 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2014_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2014 Nobel Prize winners"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2014_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2014 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> laureates</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> (Germany)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William E. Moerner</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="2014 Nobel Prize in Literature">2014</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Modiano" title="Patrick Modiano">Patrick Modiano</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> (<a href="/wiki/2014_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2014 Nobel Peace Prize">2014</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kailash_Satyarthi" title="Kailash Satyarthi">Kailash Satyarthi</a> (India)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a> (Pakistan)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Isamu Akasaki</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Hiroshi Amano</a> (Japan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a> (Japan/United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edvard_Moser" title="Edvard Moser">Edvard Moser</a> (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May-Britt_Moser" title="May-Britt Moser">May-Britt Moser</a> (Norway)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Keefe_(neuroscientist)" title="John O'Keefe (neuroscientist)">John O'Keefe</a> (United States/United Kingdom)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Tirole" title="Jean Tirole">Jean Tirole</a> (France)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2009_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2009 Nobel Prize winners">2009</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2010_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2010 Nobel Prize winners">2010</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2011_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2011 Nobel Prize winners">2011</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2012_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2012 Nobel Prize winners">2012</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2013_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2013 Nobel Prize winners">2013</a></dd> <dd><b>2014 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2015_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2015 Nobel Prize winners">2015</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2016 Nobel Prize winners">2016</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2017_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2017 Nobel Prize winners">2017</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2018_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2018 Nobel Prize winners">2018</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:2019_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:2019 Nobel Prize winners">2019</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#d3d3d3;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Wolf Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Wolf Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wolf Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Wolf_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Wolf Prize in Chemistry">Wolf Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Francis_Mark" title="Herman Francis Mark">Herman Mark</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring_(chemist)" title="Henry Eyring (chemist)">Henry Eyring</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Chatt" title="Joseph Chatt">Joseph Chatt</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Charles Polanyi</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_C._Pimentel" title="George C. Pimentel">George C. Pimentel</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harden_M._McConnell" title="Harden M. McConnell">Harden M. McConnell</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_S._Waugh" title="John S. Waugh">John S. Waugh</a> (1983/4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a> (1984/5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a> / <a href="/wiki/Albert_Eschenmoser" title="Albert Eschenmoser">Albert Eschenmoser</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Chilton_Phillips" title="David Chilton Phillips">David C. Phillips</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Mervyn_Blow" title="David Mervyn Blow">David Blow</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Jortner" title="Joshua Jortner">Joshua Jortner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Raphael_David_Levine" title="Raphael David Levine">Raphael David Levine</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duilio_Arigoni" title="Duilio Arigoni">Duilio Arigoni</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan R. Battersby</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pines" title="Alexander Pines">Alexander Pines</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lerner" title="Richard Lerner">Richard Lerner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Schultz" title="Peter G. Schultz">Peter Schultz</a> (1994/5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a> / <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Danishefsky" title="Samuel J. Danishefsky">Samuel J. Danishefsky</a> (1995/6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a> / <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_A._Somorjai" title="Gábor A. Somorjai">Gabor A. Somorjai</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lemieux" title="Raymond Lemieux">Raymond Lemieux</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._Albert_Cotton" title="F. Albert Cotton">F. Albert Cotton</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_B._Kagan" title="Henri B. Kagan">Henri B. Kagan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryōji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Gray" title="Harry B. Gray">Harry B. Gray</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Zare" title="Richard Zare">Richard N. Zare</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Feher" title="George Feher">George Feher</a> (2006/7)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">William E. Moerner</a> / <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Bard" title="Allen J. Bard">Allen J. Bard</a> (2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_A._Rice" title="Stuart A. Rice">Stuart A. Rice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ching_Wan_Tang" title="Ching Wan Tang">Ching Wan Tang</a> / <a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Lieber" title="Charles M. Lieber">Charles M. Lieber</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Langer" title="Robert S. Langer">Robert S. Langer</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chi-Huey_Wong" title="Chi-Huey Wong">Chi-Huey Wong</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._C._Nicolaou" title="K. C. Nicolaou">K. C. Nicolaou</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Schreiber" title="Stuart Schreiber">Stuart Schreiber</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_G._Bergman" title="Robert G. Bergman">Robert G. Bergman</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi" title="Omar M. Yaghi">Omar M. Yaghi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Fujita_(chemist)" title="Makoto Fujita (chemist)">Makoto Fujita</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_L._Buchwald" title="Stephen L. Buchwald">Stephen L. Buchwald</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_F._Hartwig" title="John F. Hartwig">John F. Hartwig</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#d3d3d3;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Leiserowitz" title="Leslie Leiserowitz">Leslie Leiserowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Meir_Lahav" title="Meir Lahav">Meir Lahav</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_L._Bassler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonnie L. Bassler">Bonnie L. Bassler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_R._Bertozzi" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolyn R. Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Cravatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Cravatt">Benjamin F. Cravatt</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuan_He" title="Chuan He">Chuan He</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hiroaki_Suga" title="Hiroaki Suga">Hiroaki Suga</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeffery_W._Kelly" title="Jeffery W. Kelly">Jeffery W. Kelly</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1387059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1387059#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1387059#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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