Telescopes and Instrumentation

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href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-308" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys 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href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-372" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-375" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-378" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-381" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a 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P-ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/pi230/"> PI230 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/polka/"> PolKa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/saboca/"> SABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/sepia/"> SEPIA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/apex/shefi/"> SHeFI </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/"> ALMA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-409" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/antennas/"> Antennas </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/transporters/"> Transporters </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/interferometry/"> Interferometry </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/receiver-bands/"> Receiver Bands </a></li><li 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href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/event-horizon/"> First image of a black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/EHT-MilkyWay/"> First image of the Milky Way central black hole </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://www.eso.org/public/science/gc/"> More about the black hole at the galactic centre </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/grb/"> Gamma-Ray Bursts </a></li><li class=""><a href="/public/science/archive/"> Science Archive </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/public/events/">Events<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-434" class="submenu-aim"> <li class=""><a href="/public/events/press-evt/"> Press Events </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/public/events/special-evt/"> Special Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa 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<div class="container " id="body"> <div class="row no-page"> <div class="col-md-12"> </div> </div> <div class="row page"> <div class="col-md-12 one-column"> <div id="edit-info-block"> <div id="page-edit-success" class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Page saved successfully </div> <div id="page-edit-failure" class="alert alert-danger alert-dismissible" role="alert" style="display: none"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> Couldn't save page :( Please try again. </div> </div> <div class='page-content'> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>Telescopes and Instrumentation</h1> <p><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/0800_collage1_instruments.jpg" border="0"></p> <p align="right"><small>Image credit: ESO/M. Kornmesser/F. Kamphues/TNO</small></p> <p>As set out in its convention, <a href="/public/blog/archive/tag/eso-telescopes/">ESO provides state-of-the-art-facilities</a> for Europe's astronomers and promotes and organises cooperation in astronomical research. Today, ESO operates some of the world's largest and most advanced observational facilities at three sites in northern Chile: La Silla, Paranal and Chajnantor. These are the best locations known in the southern hemisphere for astronomical observations. With other activities such as technology development, conferences and educational projects, ESO also plays a decisive role in forming a <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190629040131/https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/strategy/era_en">European Research Area</a> for astronomy and astrophysics.</p> <h2>Paranal Observatory</h2> <p><a href="/public/images/eso0704c/"><img src="/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0704c.jpg" style="padding: 10px 0px 10px 20px;" border="0" align="right"></a>The <a href="/public/teles-instr/vlt/">Very Large Telescope</a> (VLT) at Cerro Paranal is ESO's premier site for observations in visible and infrared light. All four 8.2-metre diameter Unit Telescopes (UTs) operate individually using a <a href="/public/teles-instr/vlt/vlt-instr/">large collection of instruments</a>.</p> <p>The VLT also offers the possibility to combine the light from the four UTs to work as an interferometer. The <a href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/">Very Large Telescope Interferometer</a> (VLTI), with its own suite of instruments, ultimately providing imagery at the milliarcsecond level as well as astrometry at 10 microarcsecond precision. In addition to the 8.2-metre diameter telescopes the VLTI is complemented by four 1.8-metre diameter Auxiliary Telescopes (AT) to improve its imaging capabilities and enable full nighttime use on a year-round basis.</p> <p>ESO’s <a href="/public/teles-instr/surveytelescopes/vista/">Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy</a> (VISTA, 4.1-metre), a telescope dedicated to imaging surveys in the infrared, and a few hosted telescopes are also in operation at Paranal.</p> <p>See the <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&hl=en&msa=0&t=h&om=1&ll=-24.62803,-70.403631&spn=0.00552,0.008487&z=17" target="_blank">VLT on Google Maps</a>, including photos from members of the public. Information about <a href="/public/about-eso/visitors/">visiting the ESO Sites</a> is available on a separate page.</p> <h2>La Silla Observatory</h2> <p><a href="/public/images/eso0019b/"><img src="/public/archives/images/potwmedium/eso0019b.jpg" style="padding: 0px 20px 10px 0px;" border="0" align="left"></a>ESO operates two major telescopes (the <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/">ESO 3.6-metre telescope</a> and the New Technology Telescope (<a href="http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/">NTT</a>) at the <a href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/">La Silla Observatory</a>. They are equipped with state of the art instruments either built completely by ESO or by external consortia, with substantial contribution by ESO.</p> <p>See <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps/mm?ie=UTF8&hl=en&t=h&om=1&ll=-29.255402,-70.739336&spn=0.042608,0.052013&z=14">La Silla on Google Maps</a>, including photos from members of the public. Information about <a href="/public/about-eso/visitors/">visiting the ESO Sites</a> is available on a separate page.</p> <p> </p>  <h2>ALMA</h2> <p style="text-align: left;"><a href="/public/images/esopia00080illus/"><img src="/public/archives/images/potwmedium/esopia00080illus.jpg" style="padding: 0px 20px 10px 0px;" border="0" align="left"></a>The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, or ALMA, is an international collaboration to operate a telescope of revolutionary design to study the Universe from a site in the foothills of Chile's Andes Mountains. ALMA is composed of 66 high precision antennas, operating at wavelengths of 0.32 to 3.6 mm. Its main 12-metre array has fifty antennas, each measuring 12 metres in diameter, acting together as a single telescope — an interferometer. An additional compact array of four 12-metre and twelve 7-metre antennas complements this. The ALMA antennas can be arranged in different configurations, where the maximum distance between antennas can vary from 150 metres to 16 kilometres. The ALMA correlator, a specialised computer that combines the information received by the antennas, can perform a remarkable 16 000 million-million (1.6x10<sup>16</sup>) operations per second.</p> <p>ALMA was inaugurated in 2013, but early scientific observations using a partial array already began in 2011.</p> <p>ALMA is a partnership between ESO (representing its Member States), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), NSC and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (South Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ.</p> <p>For more information please read <a href="/public/teles-instr/alma/">the ALMA page</a>. Information about <a href="/public/about-eso/visitors/">visiting the ESO Sites</a> is available on a separate page.</p> <h2>ELT</h2> <p><a href="/public/images/elt_1_cc_sm_001/"><img src="/public/archives/images/potwmedium/elt_1_cc_sm_001.jpg" hspace="10" border="0" align="right"></a>ESO has been working together with its user community of European astronomers and astrophysicists to define the new giant telescope needed by the middle of the next decade: the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT). The ELT will be the largest optical/near-infrared telescope in the world: the world’s biggest eye on the sky. The mirror stretches over almost half the length of a soccer field.</p> <p>The green light for ELT construction was given in late 2014, with science first light planned for 2028.</p> <p>The site of the ELT will be Cerro Armazones, 20 kilometres from Paranal, which is the site of the VLT.</p> <p>With a 39-metre primary mirror and its adaptive optics concept, the ELT may revolutionise our perception of the Universe, much as Galileo's telescope did, 400 years ago, when he first pointed a telescope to the sky.</p> <p>For more information please check the <a href="/public/teles-instr/elt/">ELT website</a>.</p> <h2>For scientists</h2> <ul> <li>More information about <a href="/sci/facilities/index.html">ESO’s Observing Facilities</a></li> <li>More information about <a href="/sci/facilities/future.html">Future Facilities</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <h2>Telescopes currently operating or under construction</h2> <p>Here you see ESO's telescopes and telescopes hosted at ESO’s sites. Those with marked with a * are currently under construction.</p> <div class="telescopes-mosaic"> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/alma/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/7-alma.jpg" alt="Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array"> <div class="title">Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/apex/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/6-apex.jpg" alt="Atacama Pathfinder Experiment"> <div class="title">Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/5-at1-paranal.jpg" alt="Auxiliary Telescopes"> <div class="title">Auxiliary Telescopes (ATs)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/36-blackgem.jpg" alt="BlackGEM"> <div class="title">BlackGEM<br></div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/34-cta.jpg" alt="Cherenkov Telescope Array"> <div class="title">Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)*</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/14-danish.jpg" alt="Danish 1.54-metre telescope"> <div class="title">Danish 1.54-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/18-eso-1m-schmidt.jpg" alt="ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope"> <div class="title">ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/16-eso-1m.jpg" alt="ESO 1-metre telescope"> <div class="title">ESO 1-metre telescope</div> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/17-eso-1-52-metre.jpg" alt="ESO 1.52-metre telescope"><div class="title">ESO 1.52-metre telescope</div> </a> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/9-eso-3-6-m.jpg" alt="ESO 3.6-metre telescope"> <div class="title">ESO 3.6-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/33-extra.jpg" alt="Exoplanets in Transits and their Atmospheres"> <div class="title">Exoplanets in Transits and their Atmospheres (ExTrA)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/elt/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/1-elt.jpg" alt="Extremely Large Telescope"> <div class="title">Extremely Large Telescope (ELT*)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/10-mpg-eso.jpg" alt="MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope"> <div class="title">MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/32-mascara.jpg" alt="Multi-site All-Sky CAmerRA"> <div class="title">Multi-site All-Sky CAmerRA (MASCARA)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/8-ntt.jpg" alt="New Technology Telescope"> <div class="title">New Technology Telescope (NTT)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/31-ngts.jpg" alt="Next-Generation Transit Survey"> <div class="title">Next-Generation Transit Survey (NGTS)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/12-rem.jpg" alt="Rapid Eye Mount telescope"> <div class="title">Rapid Eye Mount telescope (REM)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/35-speculoos.jpg" alt="Search for Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars Southern Observatory"> <div class="title">Search for Planets EClipsing ULtra-cOOl Stars Southern Observatory (SPECULOOS*)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/11-swiss-1-2-m.jpg" alt="Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope"> <div class="title">Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/15-tarot.jpg" alt="Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires"> <div class="title">Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires (TAROT)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/37-test-bed-telescope.jpg" alt="Test-Bed Telescope"> <div class="title">Test-Bed Telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/13-trappist.jpg" alt="TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South"> <div class="title">TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South (TRAPPIST–South)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/2-vlt.jpg" alt="Very Large Telescope"> <div class="title">Very Large Telescope (VLT)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/3-vista.jpg" alt="Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy"> <div class="title">Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> <img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/4-vst.jpg" alt="VLT Survey Telescope"> <div class="title">VLT Survey Telescope (VST)</div> </a> </div> <p> </p> <h2>Decommissioned telescopes</h2> <div class="telescopes-mosaic"> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/28-bochum-0-61-metre.jpg" alt="Bochum 0.61-metre telescope"><div class="title">Bochum 0.61-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/21-coude-auxiliary-telescope.jpg" alt="Coudé Auxiliary Telescope"><div class="title">Coudé Auxiliary Telescope (CAT)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/27-danish-0-5-metre.jpg" alt="Danish 0.5-metre telescope"><div class="title">Danish 0.5-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/25-dutch-0-9-metre.jpg" alt="Dutch 0.9-metre telescope"><div class="title">Dutch 0.9-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/19-eso-0-5-metre.jpg" alt="ESO 0.5-metre telescope"><div class="title">ESO 0.5-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/22-grand-prisme-objectif.jpg" alt="Grand Prisme Objectif telescope"><div class="title">Grand Prisme Objectif telescope (GPO)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/29-grb-monitor-system.jpg" alt="GRB Monitoring System"><div class="title">GRB Monitoring System</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/23-marly-1-metre.jpg" alt="MarLy 1-metre telescope"><div class="title">MarLy 1-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/26-marseille-0-36-metre.jpg" alt="Marseille 0.36-metre telescope"><div class="title">Marseille 0.36-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/20-sest.jpg" alt="Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope"><div class="title">Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST)</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/30-swiss-0-4-metre.jpg" alt="Swiss 0.4-metre telescope"><div class="title">Swiss 0.4-metre telescope</div> </a> <a class="telescope" href="/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"><img src="/public/archives/static/teles-instr/mosaic/24-swiss-t70.jpg" alt="Swiss T70 telescope"><div class="title">Swiss T70 telescope</div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://www.cdn77.com">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/public/archives/djp/css/extras.d3e54451ebbb.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/public/archives/djp/js/main.04a7335af5a0.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div>  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