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user-links-collapsible-item" title="使用者選單" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hant"><span>資助維基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96+%28%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%29&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-tw" title="我們會鼓勵您建立一個帳號並且登入，即使這不是必要的動作。"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>建立帳號</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96+%28%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%29&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-tw" title="建議您先登入，但並非必要。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登入</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 用於已登出編輯者的頁面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%96%80" aria-label="了解更多有關編輯"><span>了解更多</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="由此 IP 位址編輯的清單[y]" accesskey="y"><span>貢獻</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="對於來自此IP地址編輯的討論[n]" accesskey="n"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站台"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目次" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目次</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至側邊欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隱藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-特色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#特色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>特色</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-特色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反彈" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反彈"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>反彈</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-反彈-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>批評</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>文學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目次" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="切換目次" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">切換目次</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">理性化 (社會學)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往別種語言的條目。有 15 種語言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="優良條目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9)" title="عقلانية (علم اجتماع) – 阿拉伯文" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقلانية (علم اجتماع)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racionalizace_(sociologie)" title="Racionalizace (sociologie) – 捷克文" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Racionalizace (sociologie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalisierung_(Soziologie)" title="Rationalisierung (Soziologie) – 德文" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rationalisierung (Soziologie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalization_(sociology)" title="Rationalization (sociology) – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rationalization (sociology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racionalizaci%C3%B3n_(sociolog%C3%ADa)" title="Racionalización (sociología) – 西班牙文" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Racionalización (sociología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA_(%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="عقلانیت (جامعه‌شناسی) – 波斯文" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عقلانیت (جامعه‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasionalisasi_(sosiologi)" title="Rasionalisasi (sosiologi) – 印尼文" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rasionalisasi (sosiologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印尼文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razionalizzazione_(sociologia)" title="Razionalizzazione (sociologia) – 義大利文" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Razionalizzazione (sociologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="義大利文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A9%EB%A6%AC%ED%99%94_(%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%95%99)" title="합리화 (사회학) – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="합리화 (사회학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rationalisering_(sociologie)" title="Rationalisering (sociologie) – 荷蘭文" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rationalisering (sociologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racionaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Racionalização – 葡萄牙文" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Racionalização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="பகுத்தறிவுமயமாதல் (சமூகவியல்) – 坦米爾文" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகுத்தறிவுமயமாதல் (சமூகவியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="坦米爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A3%E2%80%8B_(%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82)" title="హేతుబద్ధీకరణ (సమాజశాస్త్రం) – 泰盧固文" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హేతుబద్ధీకరణ (సమాజశాస్త్రం)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰盧固文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ussalla%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rma" title="Ussallaştırma – 土耳其文" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ussallaştırma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Раціоналізація (соціологія) – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Раціоналізація (соціологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17936#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="編輯跨語言連結" class="wbc-editpage">編輯連結</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空間"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" title="瀏覽條目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>條目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" rel="discussion" title="關於此頁面的討論[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="變更語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">臺灣正體</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width: 200px;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Category:社會學">系列</a>條目</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="社會學">社會學</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SNA_segment.png" class="mw-file-description" title="社會網絡模型"><img alt="社會網絡模型" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/190px-SNA_segment.png" decoding="async" width="190" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SNA_segment.png/285px-SNA_segment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/SNA_segment.png 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="130" /></a><figcaption>社會網絡模型</figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%8F%B2" title="社會學史">社會學史</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学概述" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Outline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%A6%82%E8%BF%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會學概述（頁面不存在）">社會學概述</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="Portal:社會">Portal:社會</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="社會學理論">社會學理論</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B2%E7%AA%81%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="衝突理論">衝突理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84%E5%8A%9F%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="結構功能主義">結構功能主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%92%E5%8B%95%E8%AB%96" title="符號互動論">符號互動論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" title="批判理論">批判理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E8%AF%81%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="實證主義">實證主義</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="反实证主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Antipositivism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%A6%E8%AD%89%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="反實證主義">反實證主義</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipositivism" class="extiw" title="en:Antipositivism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antipositivism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%8F%98%E8%BF%81" title="社會變遷">社會變遷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%82%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="中層理論">中層理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="社會建構主義">社會建構主義</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="社會研究">研究方法</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9A%E9%87%8F%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="定量研究">定量研究</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%AA%E6%80%A7%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="質性研究">定性研究</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="比较历史学研究" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Comparative historical research"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="比較歷史學研究（頁面不存在）">比較研究</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_historical_research" class="extiw" title="en:Comparative historical research"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Comparative historical research</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="計算社會學">計算社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AA%8C" title="民族誌">民族誌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="语用学 (社会学)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Conversation analysis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AF%AD%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%A6_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="語用學 (社會學)（頁面不存在）">語用學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversation_analysis" class="extiw" title="en:Conversation analysis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Conversation analysis</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="歷史社會學">歷史社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="采访 (研究方法)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Interview (research)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%87%87%E8%AE%BF_(%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="採訪 (研究方法)（頁面不存在）">採訪</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interview_(research)" class="extiw" title="en:Interview (research)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Interview (research)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%90%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="數理社會學">數理社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="社會網絡分析">社會網絡分析</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 主要<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学分支学科" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Subfields of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%88%86%E6%94%AF%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會學分支學科（頁面不存在）">分支學科</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfields_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Subfields of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Subfields of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E5%AD%B8" title="犯罪學">犯罪學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="文化社會學">文化社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%E5%AD%A6" title="人口學">人口學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="發展理論">發展理論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E8%BD%A8%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="越軌社會學">越軌社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E6%B5%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="經濟社會學">經濟社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="教育社會學">教育社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="環境社會學">環境社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="家庭社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Sociology of the family"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="家庭社會學（頁面不存在）">家庭社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_the_family" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of the family"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of the family</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="女权社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Feminist sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%B3%E6%9D%83%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="女權社會學（頁面不存在）">女權社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Feminist sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Feminist sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E5%88%AB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="性別社會學">性別社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="工業社會學">工業社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%AD%89" title="社會不平等">社會不平等</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="知識社會學">知識社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="法律社會學">法律社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="文学社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Sociology of literature"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="文學社會學（頁面不存在）">文學社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_literature" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of literature"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of literature</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="醫學社會學">醫學社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="军事社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Military sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="軍事社會學">軍事社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Military sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Military sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="政治社會學">政治社會學</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="种族与民族关系社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%8D%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%8E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="種族與民族關係社會學（頁面不存在）">種族與民族關係社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_race_and_ethnic_relations" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of race and ethnic relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of race and ethnic relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%95%99%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="宗教社會學">宗教社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9D%91%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="鄉村社會學">鄉村社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="科學知識社會學">科學知識社會學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="社會運動">社會運動</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="社會心理學">社會心理學</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="社會階層">社會階層</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9A%84%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%BB%BA%E6%9E%84" title="技術的社會建構">技術的社會建構</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="恐怖主义社会学" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Sociology of terrorism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%81%90%E6%80%96%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="恐怖主義社會學（頁面不存在）">恐怖主義社會學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_terrorism" class="extiw" title="en:Sociology of terrorism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Sociology of terrorism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" title="都市社會學">都市社會學</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> 其他相關信息</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="社會學家列表">社會學家列表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会学时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英語" data-foreign-title="Timeline of sociology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會學時間軸（頁面不存在）">社會學時間軸</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英語</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_sociology" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of sociology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of sociology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="檢視該模板">閱</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Template talk:社會學"><abbr title="討論該模板">論</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6" title="Special:編輯頁面/Template:社會學"><abbr title="編輯該模板">編</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="社會學">社會學</a>中，<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%B3%E7%B5%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="傳統">傳統</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B9%E5%80%BC%E8%A7%80" title="價值觀">價值觀</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E6%84%9F" class="mw-disambig" title="情感">情感</a>逐漸被<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性">理性</a>和計算取代，成為社會中人們的行為動機，就是<b>理性化</b>（rationalization）。政府<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="官僚制度">官僚制度</a>的設立、高效率生活空間的建造和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E8%A6%8F%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="城市規劃">城市規劃</a>，都是就是理性化的例子。 </p><p>韋伯依據<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E8%A1%8C%E5%8B%95" class="mw-redirect" title="社會行動">社會行動</a>與<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%83%B3%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="理想類型（頁面不存在）">理想類型</a>的模型建構出<b>理性化</b>意義的由來，認為工業化的社會若遵從理性化的模式，就可以達到最大效率的可能。 </p><p>韋伯進一步藉由理性化的涵義，創造<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%B1%82%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科層制">科層制</a>一詞的由來；即是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E5%83%9A%E9%AB%94%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="官僚體制">官僚體制</a>。 </p><p>理性化雖然可以達到最大的工作效率與朝向理性的發展，但韋伯認為理性化最終會使人帶入冰冷冷的「鐵籠」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="特色"><span id=".E7.89.B9.E8.89.B2"></span>特色</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯章節：特色"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>理性化是一項具有人類各方面行為與思想朝向理性的過程，同時達成<b>除魅</b>的部分(如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E5%B9%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="奇幻">奇幻</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A5%9E%E7%A7%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="神秘（頁面不存在）">神秘</a>思想、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="神話">神話</a>故事)等。 </p><p>韋伯認為，若用理性化套入企業的生產模式，即是所謂科層制。科層制的特色具有以下幾點: </p><p>1.專業分工化 </p><p>2.成文規定化 </p><p>3.非私人情感 </p><p>4.權威體制化 </p><p>5.職位設計化 </p><p>當一家企業達成以上越多的條件，工作的生產效率就會越高。但是基於以上的特色實際去運作，會產生許多的弊病，長久下來影響深鉅，且難以面對外在環境做出適當的彈性變化。 </p><p>理性化是<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="現代主義">現代主義</a>的思想脈絡的模式，其強調集體主義和權威崇拜的方式，完全符合<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="理性化">理性化</a>的運作意義。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反彈"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.BD.88"></span>反彈</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯章節：反彈"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84833064">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">參見：<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E4%BC%AF" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="韋伯">韋伯</a>曾經預言，理性化造成冰冷「鐵籠」的這件事，由於在20世紀下半葉，<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96" title="全球化">全球化</a>使得外在環境變遷迅速而不斷變動，使得<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E5%9E%8B%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大型企業（頁面不存在）">大型企業</a>組織難以用彈性的方式面對外在環境的變動，再加上全球化導致的傳播與文化產業能得以快速傳播到世界各國去。各國獨特的文學可以藉由全球化的方式加強交流與學習，但全球化同時也產生了相當多的問題。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="批評"><span id=".E6.89.B9.E8.A9.95"></span>批評</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯章節：批評"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>有不少社會學家、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96%E5%AD%B8%E8%80%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="批判理論學者（頁面不存在）">批判理論學者</a>和當代<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="哲學家">哲學家</a>提出，理性化被錯誤假設為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E6%AD%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="進步">進步</a>，並對社會有負面和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E4%BA%BA%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="去人性化">去人性化</a>的影響，令現代從<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%9F%E8%92%99%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="啟蒙思想">西方世俗文化的啟蒙思想</a>愈走愈遠<sup id="cite_ref-Habermas,_Jürgen_1985_p2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habermas,_Jürgen_1985_p2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。社會學的創始者們對理性化都是採批判性態度的： </p> <blockquote class="quote-frame pullquote" style="font-size: 95%; padding: 0.5em 2em; background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); color: inherit; display:table; float:none;"><div style="padding: 0.6em 1em;">對於現代社會的出現，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="卡爾·馬克思">馬克思</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="弗里德里希·恩格斯">恩格斯</a>認為<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="資本主義">資本主義</a>的發展和它的關係最密切；對<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%BD%8C%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B6%82%E7%88%BE%E5%B9%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="艾彌爾·涂爾幹">涂爾幹</a>來說，則與<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%8C%96" title="工業化">工業化</a>和其所帶來的新一種<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E5%8A%9B%E5%88%86%E5%B7%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社會勞動力分工（頁面不存在）">社會勞動力分工</a>有關；對<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF" title="馬克斯·韋伯">韋伯</a>而言，這與一種別不同的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%9D%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="思維方式（頁面不存在）">思維方式</a>的出現有關，是一種他認為跟<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%95%99%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86" title="新教倫理">新教倫理</a>有關的理性計算（或多或少就是馬克思和恩格斯所說的「一波波冰冷的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%B7%B1%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="利己主義">利己主義</a>計算」）。<br /><cite style="display: block; text-align: right;"> — John Harriss, 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文學"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.AD.B8"></span>文學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯章節：文學"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="歐威爾">歐威爾</a>便是以<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="理性化">理性化</a>加上<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%B5%E6%AC%8A%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="極權政府（頁面不存在）">極權政府</a>統治權威的意義內涵，寫出了<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E5%85%AB%E5%9B%9B" title="一九八四">1984</a>這本20世紀的鉅作之一。描述著人類朝向「鐵籠」生活的世界。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96_(%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E5%AD%A6)&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯章節：參考"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Habermas,_Jürgen_1985_p2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Habermas,_Jürgen_1985_p2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Habermas, Jürgen, <i>The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity</i>, Polity Press (1985), <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0745608302" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7456-0830-2</a>, p2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harriss, John. <i>The Second Great Transformation? Capitalism at the End of the Twentieth Century</i> in Allen, T. and Thomas, Alan (eds) <i>Poverty and Development in the 21st Century</i>, Oxford University Press, Oxford. p325.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hant-TW" dir="ltr">取自「<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=理性化_(社会学)&oldid=74407188">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=理性化_(社会学)&oldid=74407188</a>」</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分類</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E4%BC%AF" title="Category:马克斯·韦伯">馬克斯·韋伯</a></li><li><a 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