CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-css464cbacf76f3c0a999d2565a8b2c04c89ef0be999ec7df311ed76a8d2a2c3.css" as="style" media="all" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-cssbd189e873167934cb195f77d4e923a684e335db13f30ffa4d75ca4abe4610.css" as="style" media="all" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-css554880f537ba390602c73a0bb22b102a68764d65f01842337c70cd9ea00b5.css" as="style" media="all" /> <link rel="preload" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-csse86f903a6ff94fbddf50bd1bd7760238a066a77470a5ddd554e09f4e4dcf0.css" as="style" media="all" /> <script data-cfasync="false">if(navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE|Internet Explorer/i)||navigator.userAgent.match(/Trident\/7\..*?rv:11/i)){var href=document.location.href;if(!href.match(/[?&]iebrowser/)){if(href.indexOf("?")==-1){if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"?iebrowser=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","?iebrowser=1#")}}else{if(href.indexOf("#")==-1){document.location.href=href+"&iebrowser=1"}else{document.location.href=href.replace("#","&iebrowser=1#")}}}}</script> <script data-cfasync="false">class FVMLoader{constructor(e){this.triggerEvents=e,this.eventOptions={passive:!0},this.userEventListener=this.triggerListener.bind(this),this.delayedScripts={normal:[],async:[],defer:[]},this.allJQueries=[]}_addUserInteractionListener(e){this.triggerEvents.forEach(t=>window.addEventListener(t,e.userEventListener,e.eventOptions))}_removeUserInteractionListener(e){this.triggerEvents.forEach(t=>window.removeEventListener(t,e.userEventListener,e.eventOptions))}triggerListener(){this._removeUserInteractionListener(this),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",this._loadEverythingNow.bind(this)):this._loadEverythingNow()}async _loadEverythingNow(){this._runAllDelayedCSS(),this._delayEventListeners(),this._delayJQueryReady(this),this._handleDocumentWrite(),this._registerAllDelayedScripts(),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.normal),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.defer),await this._loadScriptsFromList(this.delayedScripts.async),await this._triggerDOMContentLoaded(),await this._triggerWindowLoad(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("wpr-allScriptsLoaded"))}_registerAllDelayedScripts(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=fvmdelay]").forEach(e=>{e.hasAttribute("src")?e.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==e.async?this.delayedScripts.async.push(e):e.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==e.defer||"module"===e.getAttribute("data-type")?this.delayedScripts.defer.push(e):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(e):this.delayedScripts.normal.push(e)})}_runAllDelayedCSS(){document.querySelectorAll("link[rel=fvmdelay]").forEach(e=>{e.setAttribute("rel","stylesheet")})}async _transformScript(e){return await this._requestAnimFrame(),new Promise(t=>{const n=document.createElement("script");let r;[...e.attributes].forEach(e=>{let t=e.nodeName;"type"!==t&&("data-type"===t&&(t="type",r=e.nodeValue),n.setAttribute(t,e.nodeValue))}),e.hasAttribute("src")?(n.addEventListener("load",t),n.addEventListener("error",t)):(n.text=e.text,t()),e.parentNode.replaceChild(n,e)})}async _loadScriptsFromList(e){const t=e.shift();return t?(await this._transformScript(t),this._loadScriptsFromList(e)):Promise.resolve()}_delayEventListeners(){let e={};function t(t,n){!function(t){function n(n){return e[t].eventsToRewrite.indexOf(n)>=0?"wpr-"+n:n}e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},eventsToRewrite:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=n(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=n(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)})}(t),e[t].eventsToRewrite.push(n)}function n(e,t){let n=e[t];Object.defineProperty(e,t,{get:()=>n||function(){},set(r){e["wpr"+t]=n=r}})}t(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"load"),t(window,"pageshow"),t(document,"readystatechange"),n(document,"onreadystatechange"),n(window,"onload"),n(window,"onpageshow")}_delayJQueryReady(e){let t=window.jQuery;Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>t,set(n){if(n&&n.fn&&!e.allJQueries.includes(n)){n.fn.ready=n.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(t){e.domReadyFired?t.bind(document)(n):document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded2",()=>t.bind(document)(n))};const t=n.fn.on;n.fn.on=n.fn.init.prototype.on=function(){if(this[0]===window){function e(e){return e.split(" ").map(e=>"load"===e||0===e.indexOf("load.")?"wpr-jquery-load":e).join(" ")}"string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=e(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach(t=>{delete Object.assign(arguments[0],{[e(t)]:arguments[0][t]})[t]})}return t.apply(this,arguments),this},e.allJQueries.push(n)}t=n}})}async _triggerDOMContentLoaded(){this.domReadyFired=!0,await this._requestAnimFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLoaded2")),await this._requestAnimFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("DOMContentLoaded2")),await this._requestAnimFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("wpr-readystatechange")),await this._requestAnimFrame(),document.wpronreadystatechange&&document.wpronreadystatechange()}async _triggerWindowLoad(){await this._requestAnimFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("wpr-load")),await this._requestAnimFrame(),window.wpronload&&window.wpronload(),await this._requestAnimFrame(),this.allJQueries.forEach(e=>e(window).trigger("wpr-jquery-load")),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("wpr-pageshow")),await this._requestAnimFrame(),window.wpronpageshow&&window.wpronpageshow()}_handleDocumentWrite(){const e=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(t){const n=document.currentScript,r=document.createRange(),i=n.parentElement;let a=e.get(n);void 0===a&&(a=n.nextSibling,e.set(n,a));const s=document.createDocumentFragment();r.setStart(s,0),s.appendChild(r.createContextualFragment(t)),i.insertBefore(s,a)}}async _requestAnimFrame(){return new Promise(e=>requestAnimationFrame(e))}static run(){const e=new FVMLoader(["keydown","mousemove","touchmove","touchstart","touchend","wheel"]);e._addUserInteractionListener(e)}}FVMLoader.run();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1' /><title>Messier 19 | Messier Objects</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Messier 19 - Messier Objects" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Messier 19 (M19) is a globular cluster located in the southern constellation Ophiuchus. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 7.47 and lies at a distance of 28,700 light years, or 8,800 parsecs, from Earth. It has the designation NGC 6273 in the New General Catalogue. Messier 19 is one of the most oblate known… Read More »Messier 19" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Messier Objects" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2015-04-06T13:00:13+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-03-01T18:42:36+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1000" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1000" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="author" content="admin" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="admin" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="8 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/","name":"Messier 19 - Messier Objects","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg","datePublished":"2015-04-06T13:00:13+00:00","dateModified":"2022-03-01T18:42:36+00:00","author":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/ea71cf4125dc061822c77d3ec6ed782e"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/#primaryimage","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg","contentUrl":"https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg","width":1000,"height":1000,"caption":"Messier 19 in Ophiuchus. Image: Hewholooks at wikipedia.org"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://www.messier-objects.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Messier 19"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#website","url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/","name":"Messier Objects","description":"Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://www.messier-objects.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/ea71cf4125dc061822c77d3ec6ed782e","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.messier-objects.com/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a963e324f46ffb698ab0af5c6995a14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9a963e324f46ffb698ab0af5c6995a14?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"url":"https://www.messier-objects.com/author/admin/"}]}</script> <title>Messier 19 | Messier Objects</title> <meta name="description" content="Messier 19 (M19), also known as NGC 6273, is a globular cluster located in the constellation Ophiuchus." /> <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Messier Objects » Feed" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/feed/" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="_4XwITNwqtHOr1ggYxvUoLaYvbZD3pDjzE4wCSeKOl8" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-Y8G6EJ0ZVN"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-58728437-1'); gtag('config', 'G-Y8G6EJ0ZVN'); </script> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <style media="all">img:is([sizes="auto" i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size:3000px 1500px}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-css464cbacf76f3c0a999d2565a8b2c04c89ef0be999ec7df311ed76a8d2a2c3.css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' media="all">/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' media="all">:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square:1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3:4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4:3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2:3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3:2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9:16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16:9/16;--wp--preset--color--black:#000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray:#abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white:#ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink:#f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red:#cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange:#ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber:#fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan:#7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan:#00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue:#8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue:#0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple:#9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color:var(--nv-primary-accent);--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color:var(--nv-secondary-accent);--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg:var(--nv-site-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg:var(--nv-light-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg:var(--nv-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color:var(--nv-text-color);--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg:var(--nv-text-dark-bg);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1:var(--nv-c-1);--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2:var(--nv-c-2);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight:linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small:13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium:20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large:36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large:42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20:0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30:0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40:1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50:1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60:2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70:3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80:5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural:6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep:12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined:6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp:6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap:.5em}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap:.5em}body .is-layout-flex{display:flex}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center}.is-layout-flex>:is(*,div){margin:0}body .is-layout-grid{display:grid}.is-layout-grid>:is(*,div){margin:0}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}.has-black-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-neve-link-color-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color)!important}.has-neve-link-hover-color-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color)!important}.has-nv-site-bg-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg)!important}.has-nv-light-bg-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg)!important}.has-nv-dark-bg-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg)!important}.has-neve-text-color-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color)!important}.has-nv-text-dark-bg-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg)!important}.has-nv-c-1-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1)!important}.has-nv-c-2-color{color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2)!important}.has-black-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-neve-link-color-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color)!important}.has-neve-link-hover-color-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color)!important}.has-nv-site-bg-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg)!important}.has-nv-light-bg-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg)!important}.has-nv-dark-bg-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg)!important}.has-neve-text-color-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color)!important}.has-nv-text-dark-bg-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg)!important}.has-nv-c-1-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1)!important}.has-nv-c-2-background-color{background-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2)!important}.has-black-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--black)!important}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-white-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--white)!important}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink)!important}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan)!important}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue)!important}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple)!important}.has-neve-link-color-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-color)!important}.has-neve-link-hover-color-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-link-hover-color)!important}.has-nv-site-bg-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-site-bg)!important}.has-nv-light-bg-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-light-bg)!important}.has-nv-dark-bg-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-dark-bg)!important}.has-neve-text-color-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--neve-text-color)!important}.has-nv-text-dark-bg-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-text-dark-bg)!important}.has-nv-c-1-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-1)!important}.has-nv-c-2-border-color{border-color:var(--wp--preset--color--nv-c-2)!important}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple)!important}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange)!important}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red)!important}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray)!important}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum)!important}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple)!important}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux)!important}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk)!important}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean)!important}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass)!important}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background:var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight)!important}.has-small-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--small)!important}.has-medium-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium)!important}.has-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--large)!important}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size:var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large)!important}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap:1.25em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap:2em}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap:2em}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.6}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-css' href='https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-cssbd189e873167934cb195f77d4e923a684e335db13f30ffa4d75ca4abe4610.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-css' href='https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-css554880f537ba390602c73a0bb22b102a68764d65f01842337c70cd9ea00b5.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='neve-style-css' href='https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/cache/fvm/min/0-csse86f903a6ff94fbddf50bd1bd7760238a066a77470a5ddd554e09f4e4dcf0.css' media='all' /> <style id='neve-style-inline-css' media="all">.nv-meta-list li.meta:not(:last-child):after{content:"/"}.nv-meta-list .no-mobile{display:none}.nv-meta-list li.last::after{content:""!important}@media (min-width:769px){.nv-meta-list .no-mobile{display:inline-block}.nv-meta-list li.last:not(:last-child)::after{content:"/"!important}}:root{--container:748px;--postwidth:100%;--primarybtnbg:var(--nv-primary-accent);--primarybtnhoverbg:var(--nv-primary-accent);--primarybtncolor:#fff;--secondarybtncolor:var(--nv-primary-accent);--primarybtnhovercolor:#fff;--secondarybtnhovercolor:var(--nv-primary-accent);--primarybtnborderradius:3px;--secondarybtnborderradius:3px;--secondarybtnborderwidth:3px;--btnpadding:13px 15px;--primarybtnpadding:13px 15px;--secondarybtnpadding:calc(13px - 3px) calc(15px - 3px);--bodyfontfamily:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;--bodyfontsize:15px;--bodylineheight:1.6;--bodyletterspacing:0px;--bodyfontweight:400;--h1fontsize:36px;--h1fontweight:700;--h1lineheight:1.2;--h1letterspacing:0px;--h1texttransform:none;--h2fontsize:28px;--h2fontweight:700;--h2lineheight:1.3;--h2letterspacing:0px;--h2texttransform:none;--h3fontsize:24px;--h3fontweight:700;--h3lineheight:1.4;--h3letterspacing:0px;--h3texttransform:none;--h4fontsize:20px;--h4fontweight:700;--h4lineheight:1.6;--h4letterspacing:0px;--h4texttransform:none;--h5fontsize:16px;--h5fontweight:700;--h5lineheight:1.6;--h5letterspacing:0px;--h5texttransform:none;--h6fontsize:14px;--h6fontweight:700;--h6lineheight:1.6;--h6letterspacing:0px;--h6texttransform:none;--formfieldborderwidth:2px;--formfieldborderradius:3px;--formfieldbgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg);--formfieldbordercolor:#dddddd;--formfieldcolor:var(--nv-text-color);--formfieldpadding:10px 12px}.has-neve-button-color-color{color:var(--nv-primary-accent)!important}.has-neve-button-color-background-color{background-color:var(--nv-primary-accent)!important}.single-post-container .alignfull>[class*="__inner-container"],.single-post-container .alignwide>[class*="__inner-container"]{max-width:718px}.nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.single .nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.nv-post-cover{--height:250px;--padding:40px 15px;--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--valign:center}.nv-post-cover .nv-title-meta-wrap,.nv-page-title-wrap,.entry-header{--textalign:left}.nv-is-boxed.nv-title-meta-wrap{--padding:40px 15px;--bgcolor:var(--nv-dark-bg)}.nv-overlay{--opacity:50;--blendmode:normal}.nv-is-boxed.nv-comments-wrap{--padding:20px}.nv-is-boxed.comment-respond{--padding:20px}.single:not(.single-product),.page{--c-vspace:0 0 0 0;}.global-styled{--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.header-top{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.header-main{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.header-bottom{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.header-menu-sidebar-bg{--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--flexg:1;--wrapdropdownwidth:auto;--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.header-menu-sidebar{width:360px}.builder-item--logo{--maxwidth:120px;--fs:24px;--padding:10px 0;--margin:0;--textalign:center;--justify:center}.builder-item--nav-icon,.header-menu-sidebar .close-sidebar-panel .navbar-toggle{--borderradius:0}.builder-item--nav-icon{--label-margin:0 5px 0 0;;--padding:10px 15px;--margin:0}.builder-item--primary-menu{--hovercolor:var(--nv-secondary-accent);--hovertextcolor:var(--nv-text-color);--activecolor:var(--nv-primary-accent);--spacing:20px;--height:25px;--padding:0;--margin:0;--fontsize:1em;--lineheight:1.6;--letterspacing:0px;--fontweight:500;--texttransform:none;--iconsize:1em}.hfg-is-group.has-primary-menu .inherit-ff{--inheritedfw:500}.footer-top-inner .row{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;--valign:flex-start}.footer-top{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.footer-main-inner .row{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;--valign:flex-start}.footer-main{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-color);--bgcolor:var(--nv-site-bg)}.footer-bottom-inner .row{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;--valign:flex-start}.footer-bottom{--rowbcolor:var(--nv-light-bg);--color:var(--nv-text-dark-bg);--bgcolor:var(--nv-dark-bg)}.builder-item--footer-one-widgets{--padding:0;--margin:0;--textalign:left;--justify:flex-start}@media(min-width:576px){:root{--container:992px;--postwidth:100%;--btnpadding:13px 15px;--primarybtnpadding:13px 15px;--secondarybtnpadding:calc(13px - 3px) calc(15px - 3px);--bodyfontsize:16px;--bodylineheight:1.6;--bodyletterspacing:0px;--h1fontsize:38px;--h1lineheight:1.2;--h1letterspacing:0px;--h2fontsize:30px;--h2lineheight:1.2;--h2letterspacing:0px;--h3fontsize:26px;--h3lineheight:1.4;--h3letterspacing:0px;--h4fontsize:22px;--h4lineheight:1.5;--h4letterspacing:0px;--h5fontsize:18px;--h5lineheight:1.6;--h5letterspacing:0px;--h6fontsize:14px;--h6lineheight:1.6;--h6letterspacing:0px}.single-post-container .alignfull>[class*="__inner-container"],.single-post-container .alignwide>[class*="__inner-container"]{max-width:962px}.nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.single .nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.nv-post-cover{--height:320px;--padding:60px 30px;--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--valign:center}.nv-post-cover .nv-title-meta-wrap,.nv-page-title-wrap,.entry-header{--textalign:left}.nv-is-boxed.nv-title-meta-wrap{--padding:60px 30px}.nv-is-boxed.nv-comments-wrap{--padding:30px}.nv-is-boxed.comment-respond{--padding:30px}.single:not(.single-product),.page{--c-vspace:0 0 0 0;}.header-menu-sidebar-bg{--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--flexg:1;--wrapdropdownwidth:auto}.header-menu-sidebar{width:360px}.builder-item--logo{--maxwidth:120px;--fs:24px;--padding:10px 0;--margin:0;--textalign:center;--justify:center}.builder-item--nav-icon{--label-margin:0 5px 0 0;;--padding:10px 15px;--margin:0}.builder-item--primary-menu{--spacing:20px;--height:25px;--padding:0;--margin:0;--fontsize:1em;--lineheight:1.6;--letterspacing:0px;--iconsize:1em}.builder-item--footer-one-widgets{--padding:0;--margin:0;--textalign:left;--justify:flex-start}}@media(min-width:960px){:root{--container:1170px;--postwidth:100%;--btnpadding:13px 15px;--primarybtnpadding:13px 15px;--secondarybtnpadding:calc(13px - 3px) calc(15px - 3px);--bodyfontsize:16px;--bodylineheight:1.7;--bodyletterspacing:0px;--h1fontsize:40px;--h1lineheight:1.1;--h1letterspacing:0px;--h2fontsize:32px;--h2lineheight:1.2;--h2letterspacing:0px;--h3fontsize:28px;--h3lineheight:1.4;--h3letterspacing:0px;--h4fontsize:24px;--h4lineheight:1.5;--h4letterspacing:0px;--h5fontsize:20px;--h5lineheight:1.6;--h5letterspacing:0px;--h6fontsize:16px;--h6lineheight:1.6;--h6letterspacing:0px}body:not(.single):not(.archive):not(.blog):not(.search):not(.error404) .neve-main>.container .col,body.post-type-archive-course .neve-main>.container .col,body.post-type-archive-llms_membership .neve-main>.container .col{max-width:70%}body:not(.single):not(.archive):not(.blog):not(.search):not(.error404) .nv-sidebar-wrap,body.post-type-archive-course .nv-sidebar-wrap,body.post-type-archive-llms_membership .nv-sidebar-wrap{max-width:30%}.neve-main>.archive-container .nv-index-posts.col{max-width:100%}.neve-main>.archive-container .nv-sidebar-wrap{max-width:0%}.neve-main>.single-post-container .nv-single-post-wrap.col{max-width:70%}.single-post-container .alignfull>[class*="__inner-container"],.single-post-container .alignwide>[class*="__inner-container"]{max-width:789px}.container-fluid.single-post-container .alignfull>[class*="__inner-container"],.container-fluid.single-post-container .alignwide>[class*="__inner-container"]{max-width:calc(70% + 15px)}.neve-main>.single-post-container .nv-sidebar-wrap{max-width:30%}.nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.single .nv-meta-list{--avatarsize:20px}.nv-post-cover{--height:400px;--padding:60px 40px;--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--valign:center}.nv-post-cover .nv-title-meta-wrap,.nv-page-title-wrap,.entry-header{--textalign:left}.nv-is-boxed.nv-title-meta-wrap{--padding:60px 40px}.nv-is-boxed.nv-comments-wrap{--padding:40px}.nv-is-boxed.comment-respond{--padding:40px}.single:not(.single-product),.page{--c-vspace:0 0 0 0;}.header-menu-sidebar-bg{--justify:flex-start;--textalign:left;--flexg:1;--wrapdropdownwidth:auto}.header-menu-sidebar{width:360px}.builder-item--logo{--maxwidth:120px;--fs:24px;--padding:10px 0;--margin:0;--textalign:center;--justify:center}.builder-item--nav-icon{--label-margin:0 5px 0 0;;--padding:10px 15px;--margin:0}.builder-item--primary-menu{--spacing:20px;--height:25px;--padding:0;--margin:0;--fontsize:1em;--lineheight:1.6;--letterspacing:0px;--iconsize:1em}.builder-item--footer-one-widgets{--padding:0;--margin:0;--textalign:left;--justify:flex-start}}:root{--nv-primary-accent:#2f5aae;--nv-secondary-accent:#2f5aae;--nv-site-bg:#ffffff;--nv-light-bg:#f4f5f7;--nv-dark-bg:#121212;--nv-text-color:#272626;--nv-text-dark-bg:#ffffff;--nv-c-1:#9463ae;--nv-c-2:#be574b;--nv-fallback-ff:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif}</style> <script src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"cookielist":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"ccpaType":"gdpr","js_blocking":"","custom_integration":"","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; var cli_cookiebar_settings = {"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#fff","border":"#444","border_on":"","button_1_button_colour":"#000","button_1_button_hover":"#000000","button_1_link_colour":"#fff","button_1_as_button":"1","button_1_new_win":"","button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#444","button_2_as_button":"","button_2_hidebar":"1","button_3_button_colour":"#000","button_3_button_hover":"#000000","button_3_link_colour":"#fff","button_3_as_button":"1","button_3_new_win":"","button_4_button_colour":"#000","button_4_button_hover":"#000000","button_4_link_colour":"#fff","button_4_as_button":"1","button_7_button_colour":"#61a229","button_7_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_7_link_colour":"#fff","button_7_as_button":"1","button_7_new_win":"","font_family":"inherit","header_fix":"","notify_animate_hide":"1","notify_animate_show":"","notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"right","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":"","scroll_close_reload":"","accept_close_reload":"","reject_close_reload":"","showagain_tab":"1","showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#000","show_once_yn":"","show_once":"10000","logging_on":"","as_popup":"","popup_overlay":"1","bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left"}; var log_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/www.messier-objects.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=3.2.8" id="cookie-law-info-js"></script> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ google_ad_client: "ca-pub-0663561204264333", enable_page_level_ads: true }); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-259 single-format-standard nv-blog-default nv-sidebar-right menu_sidebar_slide_left" id="neve_body" > <div class="wrapper"> <header class="header" > <a class="neve-skip-link show-on-focus" href="#content" > Skip to content </a> <div id="header-grid" class="hfg_header site-header"> <nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained nv-navbar has-center header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="desktop"> <div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" > <div class="hfg-slot left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"><div class="builder-item desktop-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"> <div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/" title="← Messier Objects" aria-label="Messier Objects Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue" rel="home"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Messier Objects</p><small>Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue</small></div></a></div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="header--row header-bottom hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained has-center header--row" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="desktop"> <div class="header--row-inner header-bottom-inner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_bottom" > <div class="hfg-slot left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"><div class="builder-item has-nav"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"> <div class="nv-nav-wrap"> <div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"> <ul id="nv-primary-navigation-bottom" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-desktop"><li id="menu-item-2868" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-2868"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/">Home</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3841"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-catalogue/">Messier Catalogue</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2869" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-2869 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-object-list/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Messier Object List</span></a><div role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Open Submenu" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap caret 3" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2870" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2870"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-1-crab-nebula/">Messier 1: Crab Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2871" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2871"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-2/">Messier 2</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2872" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2872"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-3/">Messier 3</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2873" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2873"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2874" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2874"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2875"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2876" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy’s Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2877" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2877"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-8-lagoon-nebula/">Messier 8: Lagoon Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2878" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2878"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2879"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2880" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2880"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-11-wild-duck-cluster/">Messier 11: Wild Duck Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2881" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2881"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12: Gumball Globular</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2882" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2882"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2883" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2883"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2884" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2884"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2885" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2885"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2886" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2886"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2887" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2887"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2888" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-2888 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/" aria-current="page">Messier 19</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2889"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2890" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2890"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2891" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2891"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2892" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2892"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2893" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2893"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2894" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2894"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2895" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2895"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2896" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2897" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2897"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2898" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2898"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2899" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2899"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2900" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2900"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2901" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2901"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2902"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2903" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2903"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2904" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2904"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2905" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2905"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2906" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2906"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2907"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2908"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2909" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2909"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2911"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2912" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2912"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan’s Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2913" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2913"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2914"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2915"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2916"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2917" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2917"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2918" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2918"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2919" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2919"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2920"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2921" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2921"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2922"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2923"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2924"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2925"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/">Messier 56</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2926"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2927"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2928"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2929"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2930"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2931"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2932"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2933"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2934"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2935" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2935"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2936" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2936"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2937"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2938"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2939"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2940" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2940"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2941" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2941"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2942" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2942"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2943" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2943"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2944" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2944"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2945" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2945"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2946" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2946"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2947"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2948" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2948"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2949"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2950"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode’s Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2951"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2952"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2953"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2954"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2955"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2957" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2957"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2958" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2958"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2959" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2959"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2960" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2960"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2961" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2961"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2962" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2962"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2963" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2963"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat’s Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2964" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2964"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2965" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2965"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2966" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2966"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2967"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2968" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2968"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2969" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2970" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2970"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2971" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2971"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2972" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2972"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2973" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2973"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-104-sombrero-galaxy/">Messier 104: Sombrero Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2974" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2974"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-105/">Messier 105</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2975" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2975"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2976" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2976"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2977" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2977"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2978" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2978"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-109/">Messier 109</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-2979" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2979"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-110-edward-young-star/">Messier 110: Edward Young Star</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3054" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3054"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Messier Objects by Constellation</span></a><div role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-label="Open Submenu" tabindex="0" class="caret-wrap caret 114" style="margin-left:5px;"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></div></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3637" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3637"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-canis-major/">Messier Objects in Canis Major</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3636" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3636"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-cassiopeia/">Messier Objects in Cassiopeia</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3634" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3634"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-gemini/">Messier Objects in Gemini</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3635" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3635"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-leo/">Messier Objects in Leo</a></div></li> <li id="menu-item-3638" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3638"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-ursa-major/">Messier Objects in Ursa Major</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-marathon/">Messier Marathon</a></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="header--row header-main hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained nv-navbar has-center header--row" data-row-id="main" data-show-on="mobile"> <div class="header--row-inner header-main-inner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_main" > <div class="hfg-slot left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"><div class="builder-item mobile-center tablet-center"><div class="item--inner builder-item--logo" data-section="title_tagline" data-item-id="logo"> <div class="site-logo"> <a class="brand" href="https://www.messier-objects.com/" title="← Messier Objects" aria-label="Messier Objects Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue" rel="home"><div class="nv-title-tagline-wrap"><p class="site-title">Messier Objects</p><small>Messier Objects: Guide to the Bright Galaxies, Nebulae and Clusters Listed in the Messier Catalogue</small></div></a></div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="header--row header-bottom hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained has-center header--row" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="mobile"> <div class="header--row-inner header-bottom-inner"> <div class="container"> <div class="row row--wrapper" data-section="hfg_header_layout_bottom" > <div class="hfg-slot left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"><div class="builder-item tablet-left mobile-left"><div class="item--inner builder-item--nav-icon" data-section="header_menu_icon" data-item-id="nav-icon"> <div class="menu-mobile-toggle item-button navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu " aria-expanded="false" onclick="if('undefined' !== typeof toggleAriaClick ) { toggleAriaClick() }"> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Navigation Menu</span> </button> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot right"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="header-menu-sidebar" class="header-menu-sidebar tcb menu-sidebar-panel slide_left hfg-pe" data-row-id="sidebar"> <div id="header-menu-sidebar-bg" class="header-menu-sidebar-bg"> <div class="close-sidebar-panel navbar-toggle-wrapper"> <button type="button" class="hamburger is-active navbar-toggle active" value="Navigation Menu" aria-label="Navigation Menu " aria-expanded="false" onclick="if('undefined' !== typeof toggleAriaClick ) { toggleAriaClick() }"> <span class="bars"> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </span> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Navigation Menu </span> </button> </div> <div id="header-menu-sidebar-inner" class="header-menu-sidebar-inner tcb"> <div class="builder-item has-nav"><div class="item--inner builder-item--primary-menu has_menu" data-section="header_menu_primary" data-item-id="primary-menu"> <div class="nv-nav-wrap"> <div role="navigation" class="nav-menu-primary" aria-label="Primary Menu"> <ul id="nv-primary-navigation-sidebar" class="primary-menu-ul nav-ul menu-mobile"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-2868"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/">Home</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3841"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-catalogue/">Messier Catalogue</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent current_page_parent current_page_ancestor menu-item-has-children menu-item-2869 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-object-list/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Messier Object List</span></a><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="caret-wrap navbar-toggle 3" style="margin-left:5px;" aria-label="Toggle Messier Object List"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></button></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2870"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-1-crab-nebula/">Messier 1: Crab Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2871"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-2/">Messier 2</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2872"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-3/">Messier 3</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2873"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2874"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2875"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2876"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy’s Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2877"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-8-lagoon-nebula/">Messier 8: Lagoon Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2878"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2879"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2880"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-11-wild-duck-cluster/">Messier 11: Wild Duck Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2881"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12: Gumball Globular</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2882"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2883"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2884"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2885"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2886"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2887"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-2888 nv-active"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/" aria-current="page">Messier 19</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2889"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2890"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2891"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2892"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2893"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2894"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2895"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2896"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2897"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2898"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2899"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2900"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2901"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2902"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2903"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2904"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2905"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2906"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2907"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2908"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2909"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2910"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2911"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2912"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan’s Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2913"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2914"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2915"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2916"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2917"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2918"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2919"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2920"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2921"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2922"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2923"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2924"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2925"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/">Messier 56</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2926"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2927"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2928"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2929"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2930"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2931"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2932"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2933"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2934"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2935"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2936"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2937"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2938"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2939"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2940"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2941"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2942"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2943"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2944"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2945"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2946"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2947"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2948"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2949"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2950"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode’s Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2951"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2952"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2953"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2954"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2955"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2957"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2958"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2959"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2960"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2961"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2962"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2963"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat’s Eye Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2964"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2965"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2966"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2967"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2968"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2969"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2970"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2971"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2972"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2973"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-104-sombrero-galaxy/">Messier 104: Sombrero Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2974"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-105/">Messier 105</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2975"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2976"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2977"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2978"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-109/">Messier 109</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-2979"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-110-edward-young-star/">Messier 110: Edward Young Star</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-3054"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/"><span class="menu-item-title-wrap dd-title">Messier Objects by Constellation</span></a><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="caret-wrap navbar-toggle 114" style="margin-left:5px;" aria-label="Toggle Messier Objects by Constellation"><span class="caret"><svg fill="currentColor" aria-label="Dropdown" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z"/></svg></span></button></div> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3637"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-canis-major/">Messier Objects in Canis Major</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3636"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-cassiopeia/">Messier Objects in Cassiopeia</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3634"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-gemini/">Messier Objects in Gemini</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3635"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-leo/">Messier Objects in Leo</a></div></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3638"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-objects-by-constellation/messier-objects-in-ursa-major/">Messier Objects in Ursa Major</a></div></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3956"><div class="wrap"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-marathon/">Messier Marathon</a></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-menu-sidebar-overlay hfg-ov hfg-pe" onclick="if('undefined' !== typeof toggleAriaClick ) { toggleAriaClick() }"></div> </div> </header> <style media="all">.is-menu-sidebar .header-menu-sidebar{visibility:visible}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_slide_left .header-menu-sidebar{transform:translate3d(0,0,0);left:0}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_slide_right .header-menu-sidebar{transform:translate3d(0,0,0);right:0}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_pull_right .header-menu-sidebar,.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_pull_left .header-menu-sidebar{transform:translateX(0)}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_dropdown .header-menu-sidebar{height:auto}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_dropdown .header-menu-sidebar-inner{max-height:400px;padding:20px 0}.is-menu-sidebar.menu_sidebar_full_canvas .header-menu-sidebar{opacity:1}.header-menu-sidebar .menu-item-nav-search:not(.floating){pointer-events:none}.header-menu-sidebar .menu-item-nav-search .is-menu-sidebar &{pointer-events:unset}.nav-ul li:focus-within .wrap.active+.sub-menu{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.nav-ul li.neve-mega-menu:focus-within .wrap.active+.sub-menu{display:grid}.nav-ul li>.wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;padding:0 4px}.nav-ul:not(.menu-mobile):not(.neve-mega-menu)>li>.wrap>a{padding-top:1px}</style> <style media="all">.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li .wrap{padding:0 4px}.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li .wrap a{flex-grow:1;display:flex}.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li .wrap a .dd-title{width:var(--wrapdropdownwidth)}.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li .wrap button{border:0;z-index:1;background:0}.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li:not([class*=block]):not(.menu-item-has-children)>.wrap>a{padding-right:calc(1em + (18px*2));text-wrap:wrap;white-space:normal}.header-menu-sidebar .nav-ul li.menu-item-has-children:not([class*=block])>.wrap>a{margin-right:calc(-1em - (18px*2))}</style><div align="center" style="margin-top:1%; margin-bottom:0.5%" id="primary-menu" class="menu-container"> <style type="text/css" media="all">.messier_objects_header{display:inline-block;width:320px;height:50px}@media (max-width:400px){.messier_objects_header{display:none}}@media (min-width:500px){.messier_objects_header{width:320px;height:100px}}@media (min-width:800px){.messier_objects_header{width:728px;height:90px}}</style> <ins class="adsbygoogle messier_objects_header" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0663561204264333" data-ad-slot="5272327740"></ins> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script> </div> <main id="content" class="neve-main"> <div class="container single-post-container"> <div class="row"> <article id="post-259" class="nv-single-post-wrap col post-259 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-globular-cluster tag-antares tag-john-herschel tag-kaus-borealis tag-m19 tag-messier-19 tag-ngc-6273 tag-ngc-6284 tag-ngc-6293 tag-ophiuchus-constellation tag-teapot tag-theta-ophiuchi tag-william-henry-smyth tag-william-herschel"> <div class="entry-header" ><div class="nv-title-meta-wrap"><small class="nv--yoast-breadcrumb neve-breadcrumbs-wrapper"><span><span><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/">Home</a></span> » <span class="breadcrumb_last" aria-current="page">Messier 19</span></span></small><h1 class="title entry-title">Messier 19</h1><ul class="nv-meta-list"><li class="meta author vcard no-mobile"><span class="author-name fn">by <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/author/admin/" title="Posts by admin" rel="author">admin</a></span></li><li class="meta date posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2015-04-06T13:00:13+00:00" content="2015-04-06">April 6, 2015</time><time class="updated" datetime="2022-03-01T18:42:36+00:00">March 1, 2022</time></li></ul></div></div><div class="nv-content-wrap entry-content"><p>Messier 19 (M19) is a globular cluster located in the southern constellation <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>. The cluster has an apparent magnitude of 7.47 and lies at a distance of 28,700 light years, or 8,800 parsecs, from Earth. It has the designation NGC 6273 in the New General Catalogue.<br /> <span id="more-259"></span><br /> Messier 19 is one of the most oblate known globulars. It has a distinctly elongated shape in the north-south direction. The oblate appearance may not accurately reflect the cluster’s physical shape because of the intervening dust and gas along the eastern edge of M19. The flattening is far less noticeable in infrared images.</p> <p>Messier 19 is a class VIII globular cluster, which means that it is loosely concentrated toward the centre. The cluster is quite rich and dense, and it occupies an area 17 arc minutes in apparent diameter, corresponding to a linear diameter of 140 light years.</p> <p>The cluster lies close to the galactic centre, at a distance of only about 6,500 light years, or 2,000 parsecs, which puts it on the other side of the Milky Way centre from our solar system. (The Sun is about 25,000 to 28,000 light years distant from the rotational centre of the galaxy and M19 is 28,700 light years away from the Sun.)</p> <figure id="attachment_312" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-312" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-312" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg" alt="m19,ngc 6273" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19.jpg 1000w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-312" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 19 in Ophiuchus. Image: Hewholooks at wikipedia.org</figcaption></figure> <p>The tidal forces of the galactic centre could explain why M19’s shape deviates from that of a globular cluster. The cluster has a mass about 1.1 million times that of the Sun and its estimated age is about 11.9 billion years. It is receding from us at 146 km/s.</p> <p>Messier 19 is located 4.5 degrees to the west-southwest of Theta Ophiuchi, a relatively bright multiple star system in the southern part of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus constellation</a>, marking the celestial serpent bearer’s right foot. Theta Ophiuchi has the spectral classification B2 IV and an apparent magnitude of 3.26.</p> <figure id="attachment_313" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-313" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="wp-image-313" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares.jpg" alt="messier 19,antares" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares.jpg 800w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-and-Antares-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-313" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 19 and Antares. Image: Wikisky</figcaption></figure> <p>The cluster lies about 8 degrees east of <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a>, the brightest star in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius constellation</a>, or roughly a fourth of the way from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a> to <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/kaus-borealis/">Kaus Borealis</a>, the bright star that marks the tip of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/teapot/">Teapot</a> asterism in <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/sagittarius-constellation/">Sagittarius</a>.</p> <p>There are two other globular clusters in the vicinity of M19: NGC 6293 lies 1.5 degrees to the east-southeast of M19 and has an apparent magnitude of 8.4, and NGC 6284 has a visual magnitude of 9.5 and can be found 1.6 degrees to the north-northeast of M19.</p> <p>Messier 19 appears as a fuzzy patch of light in 2-inch binoculars. Amateur telescopes will show a cluster about 6 arc minutes in size visually and 13.5 arc minutes photographically. The cluster’s elliptical shape is evident even in small instruments. A 10-inch telescope, on the other hand, will reveal the cluster’s bright core about 3 by 4 arc minutes in apparent size and a halo occupying a region 5 by 7 arc minutes in size. The best time of year to see the cluster is in the summer months.</p> <figure id="attachment_314" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-314" style="width: 300px" class="wp-caption alignright"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble.jpg"><img decoding="async" class="size-medium wp-image-314" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble-300x300.jpg" alt="m19 hubble,m19 nasa" width="300" height="300" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble.jpg 1024w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-Hubble-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-314" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 19 globular cluster by Hubble Space Telescope; 2.5′ view. Image: NASA</figcaption></figure> <p>Messier 19 contains a number of variable stars, including four Cepheids and RV Tauri type stars, and at least one RR Lyrae type variable with a known pulsation period. The cluster has four confirmed RR Lyrae variables.</p> <p>The brightest stars in the cluster are 14th magnitude and the average visual magnitude of the 25 brightest stars is 14.8.</p> <p>Charles Messier discovered the cluster on June 5, 1764 and included it in his list of comet-like objects.</p> <p>He described it as a “nebula without stars, on the parallel of <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a> between <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> and the right foot of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>: this nebula is round; one can see it very well with an ordinary telescope of 3.5-foot [FL]; the nearest neighboring known star to this nebula is 28 Ophiuchi, which is of mag. 6, according to Flamsteed. (diam. 3′)“</p> <p>His entry in the first <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-catalogue/">Messier catalogue</a> (1771) read:</p> <blockquote><p>In the night of June 5 to 6, 1764, I have discovered a nebula, situated on the parallel of <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a>, between <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpius</a> and the right foot of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>: that nebula is round & doesn’t contain any star; I have examined it with a Gregorian telescope which magnified 104 times, it is about 3 minutes of arc in diameter: one sees it very well with an ordinary [non-achromatic] refractor of 3 feet & a half [FL]. I have observed its passage of the Meridian, & compared it with that of the star <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a>; I have determined the right ascension of that nebula of 252d 1′ 45″, & its declination of 25d 54′ 46″ south. The known star closest to that nebula is the 28th of the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">constellation Ophiuchus</a>, after the catalog of Flamsteed, of sixth magnitude</p></blockquote> <p>William Herschel was the first to dissolve the cluster into individual stars. In 1783, he observed M19 in a 10-foot telescope and noted, “With 250, I can see 5 or 6 stars,a nd all the rest appears mottled like other objects of its kind, when not sufficiently magnified or illuminated.”</p> <p>In 1784, Herschel identified the object as a cluster after observing it in a 20-foot telescope. He described M19 as a “cluster of very compressed stars, much accumulated in the middle; 4 or 5 minutes diameter.”</p> <figure id="attachment_317" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-317" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/M19.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-317" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/M19.jpg" alt="messier 19,globular cluster" width="600" height="718" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/M19.jpg 752w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/M19-251x300.jpg 251w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-317" class="wp-caption-text">The globular cluster Messier 19. Image: Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation.</figcaption></figure> <p>John Herschel provided a more detailed description of M19 and its stars several decades later. He wrote:</p> <blockquote><p>A fine globular cluster, stars very small [faint], of 12th to 18th magnitude, with one of 10th magnitude, and one of 10th to 11th magnitude; nearly round; very gradually pretty much brighter toward the middle, but does not come up to a blaze (i.e. to a confusion of stars with one another). Insulated; 3′ diameter. It forms a link between I.70 [NGC 5634] and 10 or 12M [<a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">M10</a> or <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">M12</a>].</p></blockquote> <p>Admiral William Henry Smyth observed the cluster in July 1835 and reported the following:</p> <blockquote><p>A fine insulated globular cluster, of small [faint] and very compressed stars, between the <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/">Scorpion</a>‘s back and the left foot of <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a>; and nearly midway between two telescopic stars, in the preceding branch of the Via Lactea [Milky Way]. It is of a creamy white tinge, and is slightly lustrous in the centre; but H. [John Herschel] tells us, that even in the 20-foot reflector it did not brighten to a blaze, or to a confusion of the stars with another. It was discovered by M. [Messier] in 1764, and described as a nebula without stars, of a round form, and seen well with a 3 1/2-foot telescope; but in 1784, Sir William Herschel resolved it, and pronounced its profundity to be of the 344th order. The mean apparent place is obtained by differentiation with 36 Ophiuchi, from which it is 2deg 1/2 distant on a line west-by-north; and it is 7deg 1/2 due east from <a href="https://www.star-facts.com/antares/">Antares</a>.</p> <p>The above nebulae [<a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">M62</a> and M19], and the whole vicinity, afford a grand conception of the grandeur and richness even of the exterior creation; and indicate the beautious gradation and variety of the heaven of heavens. Truly has it been said, “Stars teach us as well as shine.” This is near the large opening or hole, about 4deg broad, in the Scorpion’s body, which WH found almost destitute of stars.</p></blockquote> <figure id="attachment_319" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-319" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky.jpg"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-319" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky.jpg" alt="ngc 6273" width="600" height="600" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky.jpg 800w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky-150x150.jpg 150w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky-300x300.jpg 300w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-wikisky-50x50.jpg 50w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-319" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 19. Image: Wikisky</figcaption></figure> <h3 style="text-align: center;">FACTS</h3> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Object: Cluster </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Type: Globular </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Class: VIII </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Designations: Messier 19, M19, NGC 6273, GCl 52, C 1659-262, MWSC 2519 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Constellation: <a href="https://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/ophiuchus-constellation/">Ophiuchus</a> </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Right ascension: 17h 02m 37.69s </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Declination: -26°16’04.6” </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Distance: 28,700 light years (8,800 parsecs) </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Age: 11.9 billion years </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Number of stars: 300,000 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Apparent magnitude: +7.47 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Absolute magnitude: -9 </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Apparent dimensions: 17′ </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="619"><strong>Radius: 70 light years </strong></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 style="text-align: center;">LOCATION</h3> <figure id="attachment_306" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-306" style="width: 600px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-location.png"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="wp-image-306" src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-location-833x1024.png" alt="m19 location,find messier 19" width="600" height="738" srcset="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-location.png 833w, https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Messier-19-location-244x300.png 244w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /></a><figcaption id="caption-attachment-306" class="wp-caption-text">Messier 19 location. Image: IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg)</figcaption></figure> </div><div class="nv-tags-list"><span>Tags:</span><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/antares/ title="Antares" class=antares rel="tag">Antares</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/john-herschel/ title="John Herschel" class=john-herschel rel="tag">John Herschel</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/kaus-borealis/ title="Kaus Borealis" class=kaus-borealis rel="tag">Kaus Borealis</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/m19/ title="M19" class=m19 rel="tag">M19</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/messier-19/ title="Messier 19" class=messier-19 rel="tag">Messier 19</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ngc-6273/ title="NGC 6273" class=ngc-6273 rel="tag">NGC 6273</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ngc-6284/ title="NGC 6284" class=ngc-6284 rel="tag">NGC 6284</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ngc-6293/ title="NGC 6293" class=ngc-6293 rel="tag">NGC 6293</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/ophiuchus-constellation/ title="Ophiuchus Constellation" class=ophiuchus-constellation rel="tag">Ophiuchus Constellation</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/teapot/ title="Teapot" class=teapot rel="tag">Teapot</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/theta-ophiuchi/ title="Theta Ophiuchi" class=theta-ophiuchi rel="tag">Theta Ophiuchi</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/william-henry-smyth/ title="William Henry Smyth" class=william-henry-smyth rel="tag">William Henry Smyth</a><a href=https://www.messier-objects.com/tag/william-herschel/ title="William Herschel" class=william-herschel rel="tag">William Herschel</a> </div> <div id="comments" class="comments-area"> </div> </article> <div class="nv-sidebar-wrap col-sm-12 nv-right blog-sidebar" > <aside id="secondary" role="complementary"> <div id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-0663561204264333" data-ad-slot="7505940549" data-ad-format="auto"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </div><div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><p class="widget-title">Messier Objects</p> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-1-crab-nebula/">Messier 1: Crab Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-2/">Messier 2</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-3/">Messier 3</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-4/">Messier 4</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-5/">Messier 5</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-6-butterfly-cluster/">Messier 6: Butterfly Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-7-ptolemys-cluster/">Messier 7: Ptolemy Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-8-lagoon-nebula/">Messier 8: Lagoon Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-9/">Messier 9</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-10/">Messier 10</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-11-wild-duck-cluster/">Messier 11: Wild Duck Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-12-gumball-globular/">Messier 12: Gumball Globular</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-13-hercules-globular-cluster/">Messier 13: Hercules Globular Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-14/">Messier 14</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-15-great-pegasus-cluster/">Messier 15: Great Pegasus Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-16-eagle-nebula/">Messier 16: Eagle Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/pillars-of-creation/">Pillars of Creation</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-17-omega-nebula/">Messier 17: Omega Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-18/">Messier 18</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-19/">Messier 19</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-20-trifid-nebula/">Messier 20: Trifid Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-21/">Messier 21</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-22-sagittarius-cluster/">Messier 22: Sagittarius Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-23/">Messier 23</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-24-sagittarius-star-cloud/">Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-25/">Messier 25</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-26/">Messier 26</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-27-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 27: Dumbbell Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-28/">Messier 28</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-29/">Messier 29</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-30/">Messier 30</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-31-andromeda-galaxy/">Messier 31: Andromeda Galaxy</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/mayall-ii/">Mayall II</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-32-le-gentil/">Messier 32: Le Gentil</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-33-triangulum-galaxy/">Messier 33: Triangulum Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-34/">Messier 34</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-35/">Messier 35</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-36-pinwheel-cluster/">Messier 36: Pinwheel Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-37/">Messier 37</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-38-starfish-cluster/">Messier 38: Starfish Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-39/">Messier 39</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-40-winnecke-4/">Messier 40: Winnecke 4</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-41/">Messier 41</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-42-orion-nebula/">Messier 42: Orion Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/trapezium-cluster/">Trapezium Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-43-de-mairans-nebula/">Messier 43: De Mairan's Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-44-beehive-cluster/">Messier 44: Beehive Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-45-pleiades/">Messier 45: Pleiades</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/maia-nebula/">Maia Nebula</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/merope-nebula/">Merope Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-46/">Messier 46</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-47/">Messier 47</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-48/">Messier 48</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-49/">Messier 49</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-50-heart-shaped-cluster/">Messier 50: Heart-Shaped Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-51-whirlpool-galaxy/">Messier 51: Whirlpool Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-52/">Messier 52</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-53/">Messier 53</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-54/">Messier 54</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-55-summer-rose-star/">Messier 55: Summer Rose Star</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-56/">Messier 56</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-57-ring-nebula/">Messier 57: Ring Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-58/">Messier 58</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-59/">Messier 59</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-60/">Messier 60</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-61/">Messier 61</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-62/">Messier 62</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-63-sunflower-galaxy/">Messier 63: Sunflower Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-64-black-eye-galaxy/">Messier 64: Black Eye Galaxy</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/leo-triplet/">Leo Triplet</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-65/">Messier 65</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-66/">Messier 66</a><br /> * <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/ngc-3628-hamburger-galaxy/">NGC 3628: Hamburger Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-67-king-cobra-cluster/">Messier 67: King Cobra Cluster</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-68/">Messier 68</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-69/">Messier 69</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-70/">Messier 70</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-71/">Messier 71</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-72/">Messier 72</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-73/">Messier 73</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-74-phantom-galaxy/">Messier 74: Phantom Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-75/">Messier 75</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-76-little-dumbbell-nebula/">Messier 76: Little Dumbbell Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-77-cetus-a/">Messier 77: Cetus A</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-78/">Messier 78</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-79/">Messier 79</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-80/">Messier 80</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-81-bodes-galaxy/">Messier 81: Bode's Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-82-cigar-galaxy/">Messier 82: Cigar Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-83-southern-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 83: Southern Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-84/">Messier 84</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-85/">Messier 85</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-86/">Messier 86</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-87-virgo-a/">Messier 87: Virgo A</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-88/">Messier 88</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-89/">Messier 89</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-90/">Messier 90</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-91/">Messier 91</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-92/">Messier 92</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-93/">Messier 93</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-94-cats-eye-galaxy/">Messier 94: Cat's Eye Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-95/">Messier 95</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-96/">Messier 96</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-97-owl-nebula/">Messier 97: Owl Nebula</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-98/">Messier 98</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-99-coma-pinwheel/">Messier 99: Coma Pinwheel</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-100/">Messier 100</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-101-pinwheel-galaxy/">Messier 101: Pinwheel Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-102-spindle-galaxy/">Messier 102: Spindle Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-103/">Messier 103</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-104-sombrero-galaxy/">Messier 104: Sombrero Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-105/">Messier 105</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-106/">Messier 106</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-107/">Messier 107</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-108-surfboard-galaxy/">Messier 108: Surfboard Galaxy</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-109/">Messier 109</a><br /> <a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/messier-110-edward-young-star/">Messier 110: Edward Young Star</a> </p> </div> </div><div id="text-6" class="widget widget_text"><p class="widget-title">Messier-Objects.com</p> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="http://www.messier-objects.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a><br /> <a href="http://www.messier-objects.com/terms-and-conditions/">Terms and Conditions</a></p> </div> </div> <style type="text/css" media="all">.widget_search .search-form .search-submit,.widget_search .search-form .search-field{height:auto}</style><div id="search-2" class="widget widget_search"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://www.messier-objects.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for...</span> </label> <input type="search" class="search-field" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search for..." value="" name="s"/> <button type="submit" class="search-submit nv-submit" aria-label="Search"> <span class="nv-search-icon-wrap"> <span class="nv-icon nv-search" > <svg width="15" height="15" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1216 832q0-185-131.5-316.5t-316.5-131.5-316.5 131.5-131.5 316.5 131.5 316.5 316.5 131.5 316.5-131.5 131.5-316.5zm512 832q0 52-38 90t-90 38q-54 0-90-38l-343-342q-179 124-399 124-143 0-273.5-55.5t-225-150-150-225-55.5-273.5 55.5-273.5 150-225 225-150 273.5-55.5 273.5 55.5 225 150 150 225 55.5 273.5q0 220-124 399l343 343q37 37 37 90z" /></svg> </span> </span> </button> </form> </div><div id="categories-2" class="widget widget_categories"><p class="widget-title">Categories</p> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1014"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/asterism/">Asterism</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-296"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/dark-nebula/">Dark Nebula</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-530"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/double-star/">Double Star</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-440"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/elliptical-galaxy/">Elliptical Galaxy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-115"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/emission-nebula/">Emission Nebula</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1490"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/galaxy-cluster/">Galaxy Cluster</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-920"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/galaxy-group/">Galaxy Group</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-2"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/globular-cluster/">Globular Cluster</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1148"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/irregular-galaxy/">Irregular Galaxy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1218"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/lenticular-galaxy/">Lenticular Galaxy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-325"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/milky-way-star-cloud/">Milky Way Star Cloud</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-86"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/open-cluster/">Open Cluster</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-362"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/planetary-nebula/">Planetary Nebula</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-295"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/reflection-nebula/">Reflection Nebula</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-406"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/spiral-galaxy/">Spiral Galaxy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-248"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/star-forming-region/">Star-Forming Region</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-3"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/supernova-remnant/">Supernova Remnant</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://www.messier-objects.com/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> </ul> </div> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="site-footer" id="site-footer" > <div class="hfg_footer"> <div class="footer--row footer-top hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-desktop-top" data-row-id="top" data-show-on="desktop"> <div class="footer--row-inner footer-top-inner footer-content-wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-top row--wrapper row" data-section="hfg_footer_layout_top" > <div class="hfg-slot left"><div class="builder-item desktop-left tablet-left mobile-left"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-one-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-one-widgets" data-item-id="footer-one-widgets"> <div class="widget-area"> <div id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p>© Messier Objects 2025</p> </div><div id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot c-left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer--row footer-bottom hide-on-mobile hide-on-tablet layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-desktop-bottom" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="desktop"> <div class="footer--row-inner footer-bottom-inner footer-content-wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-bottom row--wrapper row" data-section="hfg_footer_layout_bottom" > <div class="hfg-slot left"><div class="builder-item"><div class="item--inner"><div class="component-wrap"><div><p><a href="https://themeisle.com/themes/neve/" rel="nofollow">Neve</a> | Powered by <a href="http://wordpress.org" rel="nofollow">WordPress</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hfg-slot c-left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer--row footer-top hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-mobile-top" data-row-id="top" data-show-on="mobile"> <div class="footer--row-inner footer-top-inner footer-content-wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-top row--wrapper row" data-section="hfg_footer_layout_top" > <div class="hfg-slot left"><div class="builder-item desktop-left tablet-left mobile-left"><div class="item--inner builder-item--footer-one-widgets" data-section="neve_sidebar-widgets-footer-one-widgets" data-item-id="footer-one-widgets"> <div class="widget-area"> <div id="block-4" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p>© Messier Objects 2025</p> </div><div id="block-5" class="widget widget_block widget_text"> <p></p> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="hfg-slot c-left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer--row footer-bottom hide-on-desktop layout-full-contained" id="cb-row--footer-mobile-bottom" data-row-id="bottom" data-show-on="mobile"> <div class="footer--row-inner footer-bottom-inner footer-content-wrap"> <div class="container"> <div class="hfg-grid nv-footer-content hfg-grid-bottom row--wrapper row" data-section="hfg_footer_layout_bottom" > <div class="hfg-slot left"><div class="builder-item"><div class="item--inner"><div class="component-wrap"><div><p><a href="https://themeisle.com/themes/neve/" rel="nofollow">Neve</a> | Powered by <a href="http://wordpress.org" rel="nofollow">WordPress</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hfg-slot c-left"></div><div class="hfg-slot center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span>This website uses cookies to personalise content and ads, and to analyse user traffic. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. <a role='button' data-cli_action="accept" id="cookie_action_close_header" class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button wt-cli-accept-btn">Accept</a> <a role='button' id="cookie_action_close_header_reject" class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cookie_action_close_header_reject cli_action_button wt-cli-reject-btn" data-cli_action="reject">Reject</a> <a href="http://www.messier-objects.com/privacy-policy/" id="CONSTANT_OPEN_URL" target="_blank" class="cli-plugin-main-link">Read More</a></span></div><div id="cookie-law-info-again" data-nosnippet="true"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Privacy & Cookies Policy</span></div><div class="cli-modal" data-nosnippet="true" id="cliSettingsPopup" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cliSettingsPopup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> <button type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> <svg class="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> </button> <div class="cli-modal-body"> <div class="cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> <h4>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.</div> </div> <a class="cli-privacy-readmore" aria-label="Show more" role="button" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> </div> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container"> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Necessary </a> <div class="wt-cli-necessary-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary" data-id="checkbox-necessary" checked="checked" /> <label class="form-check-label" for="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary">Necessary</label> </div> <span class="cli-necessary-caption">Always Enabled</span> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="non-necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Non-necessary </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-non-necessary" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-non-necessary" checked='checked' /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-non-necessary" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Non-necessary</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="non-necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-footer"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">SAVE & ACCEPT</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div> <script id="neve-script-js-extra"> var NeveProperties = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.messier-objects.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"c2f23efc48","isRTL":"","isCustomize":""}; </script> <script src="https://www.messier-objects.com/wp-content/themes/neve/assets/js/build/modern/frontend.js?ver=3.8.5" id="neve-script-js" async></script> <script id="neve-script-js-after"> var html = document.documentElement; var theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme') || 'light'; var variants = {"logo":{"light":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"dark":{"src":false,"srcset":false,"sizes":false},"same":true}}; function setCurrentTheme( theme ) { var pictures = document.getElementsByClassName( 'neve-site-logo' ); for(var i = 0; i<pictures.length; i++) { var picture = pictures.item(i); if( ! picture ) { continue; }; var fileExt = picture.src.slice((Math.max(0, picture.src.lastIndexOf(".")) || Infinity) + 1); if ( fileExt === 'svg' ) { picture.removeAttribute('width'); picture.removeAttribute('height'); picture.style = 'width: var(--maxwidth)'; } var compId = picture.getAttribute('data-variant'); if ( compId && variants[compId] ) { var isConditional = variants[compId]['same']; if ( theme === 'light' || isConditional || variants[compId]['dark']['src'] === false ) { picture.src = variants[compId]['light']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['light']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['light']['sizes']; continue; }; picture.src = variants[compId]['dark']['src']; picture.srcset = variants[compId]['dark']['srcset'] || ''; picture.sizes = variants[compId]['dark']['sizes']; }; }; }; var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type == 'attributes') { theme = html.getAttribute('data-neve-theme'); setCurrentTheme(theme); }; }); }); observer.observe(html, { attributes: true }); function toggleAriaClick() { function toggleAriaExpanded(toggle = 'true') { document.querySelectorAll('button.navbar-toggle').forEach(function(el) { if ( el.classList.contains('caret-wrap') ) { return; } el.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true' === el.getAttribute('aria-expanded') ? 'false' : toggle); }); } toggleAriaExpanded(); if ( document.body.hasAttribute('data-ftrap-listener') ) { return; } document.body.setAttribute('data-ftrap-listener', 'true'); document.addEventListener('ftrap-end', function() { toggleAriaExpanded('false'); }); } var menuCarets=document.querySelectorAll(".nav-ul li > .wrap > .caret");menuCarets.forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("keydown",e=>{13===e.keyCode&&(e.target.parentElement.classList.toggle("active"),e.target.getAttribute("aria-pressed")&&e.target.setAttribute("aria-pressed","true"===e.target.getAttribute("aria-pressed")?"false":"true"))}),e.parentElement.parentElement.addEventListener("focusout",t=>{!e.parentElement.parentElement.contains(t.relatedTarget)&&(e.parentElement.classList.remove("active"),e.setAttribute("aria-pressed","false"))})}); </script> </body> </html>