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<div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">University of Pavia</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/University_of_Pavia" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:University_of_Pavia" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The University of Pavia (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or Università di Pavia; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Alma <a href="/wiki/Ticinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticinus">Ticinensis</a> Universitas) is a university located in <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_universities_in_continuous_operation" title="List of oldest universities in continuous operation">oldest universities</a> in the world. It was the sole university in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a> and the greater <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a> region until the end of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a> In 2022 the university was recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Times_Higher_Education_World_University_Rankings" title="Times Higher Education World University Rankings">Times Higher Education</a> among the top 10 in Italy and among the 300 best in the world.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Currently, it has 18 departments and 9 faculties. It does not have a main campus; its buildings and facilities are scattered around the city, which is in turn called "a city campus." The university caters to more than 20,000 students who come from Italy and all over the world. <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">University of Pavia</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname">Università di Pavia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_UNIPV.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/150px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/225px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Logo_UNIPV.svg/300px-Logo_UNIPV.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="799"></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Seal_(emblem)" title="Seal (emblem)">Seal</a> of the University of Pavia</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Alma Ticinensis Universitas</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Public University">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">13 April 1361; 663 years ago (1361-04-13)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Rector_(academia)" title="Rector (academia)">Rector</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Svelto" title="Francesco Svelto">Francesco Svelto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Academic staff</div></th><td class="infobox-data">981</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">23,849</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Undergraduate_education" title="Undergraduate education">Undergraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11,983</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">Postgraduates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">9,366</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=University_of_Pavia&params=45_11_12_N_9_9_23_E_region:IT-PV_scale:500_dim:2000_type:landmark">45°11′12″N 9°9′23″E / 45.18667°N 9.15639°E / 45.18667; 9.15639</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data">Urban/University town</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/School_colors" title="School colors">Colors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> Pavia Yellow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">EUA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netval_Research_Universities_Network" title="Netval Research Universities Network">Netval</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unipv.eu">unipv.eu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The university offers more than 80 undergraduate programs; over 40 master programs, and roughly 20 doctoral programs (including 8 in English).<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> About 1,500 students who enter the university every year are international students.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The university operates multiple cultural and scientific museums, including the <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum</a>, a botanical garden, research centers, university libraries and a university press. The university is also affiliated with <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a>, at which hundreds of medical students from the university perform <a href="/wiki/Clinical_clerkship" title="Clinical clerkship">clinical rotations</a> during their clinical years. The University of Pavia is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">COIMBRA Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a>. It also participates in the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Programme" title="Erasmus Programme">Erasmus Programme</a>, which allows student exchanges between the University of Pavia and various universities in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages">1.1 Foundation and the Middle Ages</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Renaissance_and_Modern_Period">1.2 Renaissance and Modern Period</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Organization">2 Organization</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Departments">2.1 Departments</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Faculties">2.2 Faculties</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Campus">3 Campus</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Palazzo_Centrale">3.1 Palazzo Centrale</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Polo_Cravino">3.2 Polo Cravino</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Museums">4 Museums</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#University_History_Museum">4.1 University History Museum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Museum_of_Electrical_Technology">4.2 Museum of Electrical Technology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Museum_of_Natural_History">4.3 Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Museum_of_Archeology">4.4 Museum of Archeology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Museum_Camillo_Golgi">4.5 Museum Camillo Golgi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Pavia_Botanical_Garden">4.6 Pavia Botanical Garden</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Museum_of_Mineralogy">4.7 Museum of Mineralogy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Center_of_Manuscripts">4.8 Center of Manuscripts</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Other_collections">4.9 Other collections</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Academics">5 Academics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Colleges">6 Colleges</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#EDISU_public_colleges">6.1 EDISU public colleges</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#Private_and_public_colleges">6.2 Private and public colleges</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Notable_alumni_and_academics">7 Notable alumni and academics</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25"><a href="#Honorary_degrees">8 Honorary degrees</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Medaglia_teresiana">9 Medaglia teresiana</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#See_also">10 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#References">11 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_the_Middle_Ages">Foundation and the Middle Ages</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation and the Middle Ages" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An edict issued by the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/King_of_Italy" title="King of Italy">king of Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lothar_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Lothar I">Lothar I</a> (ruled 818–55) mentions the existence of a higher education institution at <a href="/wiki/Pavia" title="Pavia">Pavia</a> as early as AD 825.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> This institution, mainly devoted to ecclesiastical and civil law as well as to divinity studies, was then selected as the prime educational centre for <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">northern Italy</a>. In 1361, the institution was officially established as a <a href="/wiki/Studium_generale" title="Studium generale">studium generale</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Roman emperor">Holy Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles IV</a>, who granted the same teaching privileges enjoyed by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Paris" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bologna" title="University of Bologna">Bologna</a>, allowing the institution to teach canon and civil law, philosophy, medicine and liberal arts. It was then expanded and renovated by the duke of <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gian_Galeazzo_Visconti" title="Gian Galeazzo Visconti">Gian Galeazzo Visconti</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> becoming the sole university in the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a> until the end of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> Gian Galeazzo worked tirelessly to consolidate the institution and in 1389, he obtained a permission from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IX" title="Pope Boniface IX">Pope Boniface IX</a> to teach advanced theology courses.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/220px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="2717"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 294px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/220px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="294" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/330px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg/440px-Baldo_degli_ubaldi11.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Funerary slab of <a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldus de Ubaldis</a> (first half of the 15th century), <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a>.</figcaption></figure> It was divided into two distinct universities — of jurisprudence (teaching civil and canon law courses) and of arts (teaching medicine, philosophy and liberal arts courses). A rector was elected every year, normally a student who was over twenty years old.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a> The institution offered bachelor, licentiate and doctoral degrees. Despite the politics and hardships due to wars and pestilence, it experienced great growth and the institution was considered to be prestigious as evidenced by the influx of foreign students at the time.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> In 1412, <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a> further consolidated the universities, invited prominent scholars to teach there and declared an edict giving serious penalties aimed at preventing students from going elsewhere to study. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Renaissance_and_Modern_Period">Renaissance and Modern Period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Renaissance and Modern Period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Towards the 15th century, prominent teachers such as <a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldo degli Ubaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giasone_del_Maino" title="Giasone del Maino">Giasone del Maino</a> taught students in the fields of law, philosophy and literary studies. In the same years, Elia di Sabato da Fermo, personal doctor of <a href="/wiki/Filippo_Maria_Visconti" title="Filippo Maria Visconti">Filippo Maria Visconti</a>, was the first professor of medicine of the Jewish religion at a European university, while from 1490 a teaching of Hebrew was established at the university.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Not many years later, probably in 1511, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> studied anatomy together with <a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_della_Torre" title="Marcantonio della Torre">Marcantonio della Torre</a>, professor of anatomy at the university.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> During the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Italian_War_of_1521%E2%80%9326" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian War of 1521–26">Italian War of 1521-6</a>, the authorities in Pavia were forced to close the university in 1524.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> However, during the 16th century, after the university was re-opened, scholars and scientists such as <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Alciato" title="Andrea Alciato">Andrea Alciato</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a> taught here. During the period in which the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">duchy of Milan</a> was governed by the kings of Spain, the research and educational activities of the university stagnated, but there were still prominent scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Girolamo_Saccheri" title="Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri">Gerolamo Saccheri</a> who was still involved with the university.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> The rebirth of the university was, in part, due to the initiatives led by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Austria</a>, in the second half of the 18th century. The initiatives included massive renovations to the teaching programs, research and structure rehabilitations, which were still retained by the university until now.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a></figcaption></figure> Throughout its history, the university had benefited from the presence of many distinguished teachers and scientists who wrote celebrated works and made important discoveries — chemist <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Valentino_Brugnatelli" title="Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli">Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli</a>, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Cardano" class="mw-redirect" title="Girolamo Cardano">Girolamo Cardano</a> (born in Pavia, 1501–76), physicist <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (chair of natural philosophy 1769–1804), poet <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a> (chair of eloquence 1809–10), playwright <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Monti" title="Vincenzo Monti">Vincenzo Monti</a>, jurist <a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a>, naturalist <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Mascheroni" title="Lorenzo Mascheroni">Lorenzo Mascheroni</a> and anatomist <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> In 1858, the university was the scene of intense student protests against <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> rule in northern Italy (through the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a>). The authorities responded by ordering the university's temporary closure. The incidents at Pavia were typical of the wave of nationalist demonstrations all over Italy that immediately preceded the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">Unification</a> (1859–66).<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> During the 19th century, the medical, natural science and mathematics schools were graced by prominent scientists who propelled the status of the university to new heights. Three <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winners taught in Pavia — physician <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> (at Pavia from 1861), who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 1906 for his studies on the structure of the nervous system, chemist <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a> (at Pavia between 1933 and 1935) and physicist <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a>. In addition, distinguished mathematicians <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felice_Casorati_(mathematician)" title="Felice Casorati (mathematician)">Felice Casorati</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Berzolari" title="Luigi Berzolari">Luigi Berzolari</a> were regular teachers in Pavia. It was also in the University of Pavia, in 1912, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Forlanini" title="Carlo Forlanini">Carlo Forlanini</a> discovered the first successful cure for <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> — <a href="/wiki/Pneumothorax" title="Pneumothorax">artificial pneumothorax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In the 1960s, the Faculty of Economics and Commerce as well as Engineering were added to the current lineup of faculties. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biblioteca_universitaria_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/220px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="673"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 153px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/220px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="153" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/330px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg/440px-Biblioteca_universitaria_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a>, the library, 1772.</figcaption></figure> During the 20th century, teaching and research activities were carried out by additional prominent scholars such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasquale_Del_Giudice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasquale Del Giudice (page does not exist)">Pasquale Del Giudice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arrigo_Solmi" title="Arrigo Solmi">Arrigo Solmi</a> for law history; <a href="/wiki/Contardo_Ferrini" title="Contardo Ferrini">Contardo Ferrini</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Bonfante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Bonfante (page does not exist)">Pietro Bonfante</a> for Roman law; <a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cossa" title="Luigi Cossa">Luigi Cossa</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Benvenuto_Griziotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benvenuto Griziotti (page does not exist)">Benvenuto Griziotti</a> for economy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacinto_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacinto Romano (page does not exist)">Giacinto Romano</a> for medieval and modern history and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plinio_Fraccaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plinio Fraccaro (page does not exist)">Plinio Fraccaro</a> for ancient history.<a href="#cite_note-:3-6">[6]</a> Also critical to the university's reputation was its distinguished record of public education, epitomized by the establishment of private and public colleges. The oldest colleges, the <a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collegio_Ghislieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Collegio Ghislieri">Collegio Ghislieri</a>, were built in the 16th century, and in more recent times others were founded through both public and private initiatives — the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Nuovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Nuovo (page does not exist)">Collegio Nuovo</a>, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collegio_Santa_Caterina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collegio Santa Caterina (page does not exist)">Collegio Santa Caterina</a> and the other eleven colleges managed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=EDiSU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EDiSU (page does not exist)">EDiSU</a>. In 1997 the <a href="/wiki/IUSS_Pavia" class="mw-redirect" title="IUSS Pavia">IUSS</a>, was established, a Higher Learning Institution (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori) similar to the Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Superiore Sant'Anna in Pisa. The IUSS is the federal body that links the colleges of Pavia which constitute the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavia_University_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavia University System (page does not exist)">Pavia University System</a>. Today, the university continues to offer a wide variety of disciplinary and inter-disciplinary teaching. Research is carried out in departments, institutes, clinics, centres and laboratories, in close association with public and private institutions, enterprises, and factories. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Organization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> The university has eighteen departments and nine faculties.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Departments">Departments</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Departments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and Pediatrics</li> <li>Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy</li> <li>Department of Molecular Medicine</li> <li>Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine</li> <li>Department of Neuroscience</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li> <li>Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani"</li> <li>Department of Chemistry</li> <li>Department of Mathematics</li> <li>Department of Physics</li> <li>Department of Earth and <a href="/wiki/Environmental_science" title="Environmental science">Environmental Sciences</a></li> <li>Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture</li> <li>Department of Industrial and Information Engineering</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a> and Management</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a></li> <li>Department of Political and Social Sciences</li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Humanities" title="Humanities">Humanities</a></li> <li>Department of <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">Musicology</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Faculties">Faculties</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Faculties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li>Faculty of Engineering</li> <li>Faculty of Medicine and Surgery</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Campus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The city of Pavia is essentially a city campus, so the campus buildings are located all around the city. The campuses for Faculty of Political Science and Law are located at <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus</a> at Via Strada Nuova, near <a href="/wiki/Pavia_Cathedral" title="Pavia Cathedral">Pavia Cathedral</a>. The campuses for Faculty of Engineering, Pharmacy, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences are located at Via Ferrata, about 3 km away from the city center, in a building complex called Polo Cravino.<a href="#cite_note-:9-19">[19]</a> The campuses for Faculty of Economics, Department of Psychology and Department of Philosophy are located at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_San_Felice" title="Monastery of San Felice">Monastery of San Felice</a>. The campus for Department of Musicology is located at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palazzo_Raimondi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palazzo Raimondi (page does not exist)">Palazzo Raimondi</a>, Cremona. The campuses for Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine and Surgery are located at Via Forlanini and Via Taramelli, near <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/220px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/330px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg/440px-Universit%C3%A0_pavia7.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a>, facade of the university, 1771-1773.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/330px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/440px-Aula_Scarpa_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a>, Aula Scarpa, 1785-1786.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aula_volta_pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="673"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/220px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/330px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Aula_volta_pavia.jpg/440px-Aula_volta_pavia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a>, Aula Volta, 1787.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palazzo_Centrale">Palazzo Centrale</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Palazzo Centrale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus of the University of Pavia</a></div> The entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Old Campus</a>, which hosts the Faculty of Political Science and Law, is located at Via Strada Nuova. The palace has 9 courtyards — Cortile dei Caduti, Cortile di Volta, Cortile delle Statue, Cortile di Atilia Secundina, Cortile del Miliario, Cortile delle Magnolie, Cortile dei Tassi, Cortile Sforzesco, Cortile Teresiano. The palace also hosts more than 40 lecture theatres,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> including 8 lecture theatres for Faculty of Law and 10 lecture theatres for the Faculty of Political Science. The largest lecture theatre in the university is called Aula Magna, where inauguration ceremonies for graduations, white coat ceremonies and conferment of Medaglio Teresiana are held. The palace dates back all the way to the 15th century. Originally, lessons by the university were held in private houses, in convents which provide suitable premises or in the same place as the municipal building. At the end of the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Ludovico_Sforza" title="Ludovico Sforza">Ludovico il Moro</a> assigned a building in Strada Nuova that belonged to <a href="/wiki/Azzone_Visconti" title="Azzone Visconti">Azzone Visconti</a> to the university. Between 1661 and 1671, a major renovation was carried out under the guidance of the architect <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambrogio_Pessina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambrogio Pessina (page does not exist)">Ambrogio Pessina</a>. During the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresa" title="Maria Theresa">Maria Theresa</a> of <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">Austria</a> wanted to make some improvements both to the education system and the building, thus she assigned the architect <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Piermarini" title="Giuseppe Piermarini">Giuseppe Piermarini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Pollack" title="Leopoldo Pollack">Leopoldo Pollack</a> to oversee the renovations. Giuseppe Piermarini was in charge of the building facade and the courtyards, while Leopoldo Pollack was in charge of the lecture halls.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> During the 19th century, the university also incorporated the former monastery of Leano, which was donated by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II of Lorena Habsburg</a> and expanded to Via Mentana, these works were entrusted to the architect Giuseppe Marchesi, who also constructed the Aula Magna. In 1932, the university acquired a vast 15th century complex which belonged to <a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">San Matteo Hospital</a>, thus completing its expansion. This complex now houses the Department of Molecular Medicine, which is in charge of the health courses. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/220px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 96px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/220px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="96" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/330px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg/440px-Sede_di_Ingegneria_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Polo Nave, Faculty of Engineering in Polo Cravino Complex</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polo_Cravino">Polo Cravino</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Polo Cravino" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The land where Polo Cravino was built was purchased by the university at end of 1960. The complex was designed by an architect <a href="/wiki/Giancarlo_De_Carlo" title="Giancarlo De Carlo">Giancarlo De Carlo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-19">[19]</a> In 1980, the buildings for Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics, lecture halls, laboratories as well as a complex for Institute of Molecular Genetics, under the National Research Council<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> were completed. In 1990, buildings for Department of Mathematics, Department of Earth and Environmental Science and a Computer Center were added. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Museums">Museums</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Museums" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> The university also manages multiple points of interest:<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pila_di_volta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/220px-Pila_di_volta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="741"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 217px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/220px-Pila_di_volta.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/330px-Pila_di_volta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Pila_di_volta.jpg/440px-Pila_di_volta.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Voltaic_pile" title="Voltaic pile">Voltaic pile</a>, University History Museum of the University of Pavia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_History_Museum">University History Museum</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: University History Museum" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum, University of Pavia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/University_History_Museum,_University_of_Pavia" title="University History Museum, University of Pavia">University History Museum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo per la Storia dell'Università) hosts a large number of scientific instruments, anatomical and pathological preparations and samples, historical documents and volumes which are part of the university's history. The museum collection includes <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa's</a> preserved dismembered head.<a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In addition to Scarpa's head,<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> the museum also displays his kidneys and four of his fingers. Other anatomical samples include the aneurysm that killed mathematician <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Brunacci" title="Vincenzo Brunacci">Vincenzo Brunacci</a> in 1818, the bladder of naturalist <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, who died of kidney cancer in 1799 as well as a plaster cast of <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta's</a> unusually large skull.<a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Electrical_Technology">Museum of Electrical Technology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Museum of Electrical Technology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Museum of Electrical Technology (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo della Tecnica Elettrica) is intended as a permanent tribute to Alessandro Volta. It has an area of 5,000 sqm, with 3,200 sqm reserved for visitors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It is divided into 5 sections, each section represents a different era of advancements in field of electricity and electronics.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The museum hosts over 4,000 pieces in its collections, including 300 pieces from the Enel collection, 3,028 pieces from the Sirti collection<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> and over 1,000 pieces from the university's own collection.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The collection contains devices such as <a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radiotelephones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_supply" title="Power supply">power supplies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amplifiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplifiers">amplifiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horn_loudspeaker" title="Horn loudspeaker">horn loudspeakers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph" title="Electrical telegraph">morse telegraphs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">radio transmitters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_receiver" title="Radio receiver">receivers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> In 2017, the museum implemented a 3D tactile map for the blind and disabled.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The museum also organizes exhibitions and projects with primary and secondary schools.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosmos_(Pavia)_rinoceronte.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/220px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/220px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/330px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg/440px-Kosmos_%28Pavia%29_rinoceronte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>A selection of preserved animal specimens in the <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Natural History Museum, Pavia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Natural_History">Museum of Natural History</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museum of Natural History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Natural History Museum, Pavia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum,_Pavia" title="Natural History Museum, Pavia">Museum of Natural History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo di Storia Naturale) dates back to 1769 when Lazzaro Spallanzani became professor on Natural History at the University of Pavia. The museum is divided into three sections — Comparative Anatomy, Zoology and Geopaleontology. The museum is currently located in <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Botta_Adorno" title="Palazzo Botta Adorno">Palazzo Botta Adorno</a>. The museum hosts multiple collections including: <ul><li>the Spallanzani collection<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> which contains preserved specimens of the Nile crocodile (<a href="/wiki/Nile_crocodile" title="Nile crocodile">Crocodylus niloticus</a>), hippopotamus (<a href="/wiki/Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus amphibius</a>), short-finned mako shark (<a href="/wiki/Shortfin_mako_shark" title="Shortfin mako shark">Isurus oxyrhynchus</a>), bottlenose dolphin (<a href="/wiki/Common_bottlenose_dolphin" title="Common bottlenose dolphin">Tursiops truncatus</a>), and small orangutan (<a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Pongo pygmaeus</a>).</li> <li>the Zoology collection<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> which contains over 5,000 specimens of vertebrates and invertebrates.</li> <li>the Geopaleontology collection<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> which contains over 30,000 fossil specimens, which date back the <a href="/wiki/Pliocene" title="Pliocene">Pliocene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> eras. The collections also includes 5,000 rocks and minerals and 65 slabs of fish from Bolca deposit.</li> <li>the Comparative Anatomy collection<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> which contains more than 5,000 artifacts including skeletons, specimens and anatomical preparations of mainly vertebrates including an elephant,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> which underwent restoration in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1541"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/220px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/330px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg/440px-Museo_Archeologia_Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology</a>, University of Pavia</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Archeology">Museum of Archeology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Museum of Archeology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archeology_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Museum of Archeology of the University of Pavia">Museum of Archeology</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo di Archeologia) had its first collection funded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Vittorio_Aldini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Vittorio Aldini (page does not exist)">Pietro Vittorio Aldini</a> in 1819 for education purposes. Now, it houses different collections such as engraved coins and gems from the late Roman empire, Celtic and Byzantine eras, potteries, figurines dating back to 2000 BC and a pair of mummies.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_Camillo_Golgi">Museum Camillo Golgi</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Museum Camillo Golgi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Museum Camillo Golgi (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo Camillo Golgi) was built in honor of <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> and his most important discoveries, the <a href="/wiki/Golgi%27s_method" title="Golgi's method">black reaction</a> to visualize <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> as well as his studies on <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. The museum hosts a collection of his scientific publications and instruments used such as <a href="/wiki/Syringe" title="Syringe">syringes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microtome" title="Microtome">microtomes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscopes</a>, original photographic plates of histological preparations, all dating back to the 1900s.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> The museum was set in the same building where he conducted most of his experiments via the Institute of General Pathology.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_golgi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/220px-Museo_golgi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="835" data-file-height="469"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 124px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/220px-Museo_golgi.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="124" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/330px-Museo_golgi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Museo_golgi.jpg/440px-Museo_golgi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Museum Camillo Golgi, the laboratory, with the original tools, used by <a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a> and his students</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pavia_Botanical_Garden">Pavia Botanical Garden</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pavia Botanical Garden" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia</a></div> The Pavia Botanical Garden (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Orto Botanico), which was established at the end of the 18th century, covers an area of 2 hectares.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The botanical gardens host a seed and herbarium bank at its educational center, Bosco Siro Negri Park Reserve.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The garden hosts a variety of plant collections including <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">roses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchidaceae">orchids</a> as well as other plant species native to <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/220px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/220px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/330px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG/440px-OrtoBotanicoPavia-GiuseppeGregorelli-005.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia">Pavia Botanical Garden</a>, 1773</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museum_of_Mineralogy">Museum of Mineralogy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Museum of Mineralogy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Museum of Mineralogy (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Museo di Mineralogia) originated from a section dedicated to minerals in the Museum of Natural History. The museum hosts a large collection of rocks and minerals, categorized systematically.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The collection also includes minerals from different Italian regions. In 1923. Professor <a href="/wiki/Angela_Bianchini" title="Angela Bianchini">Angelo Bianchi</a> donated rock samples which he had collected earlier in his career. Each sample was meticulously described in details in his various scientific publications. The museum also displays a collection of <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a> which fell around <a href="/wiki/Siena" title="Siena">Siena</a> at the end of the 18th century<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> and were collected by <a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_of_Manuscripts">Center of Manuscripts</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Center of Manuscripts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Center of Manuscripts<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Centro di ricerca sulla tradizione manoscritta di autori moderni e contemporane or <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Centro Manuscritto) was formally established on 24 January 1980; however, in 1969, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Corti" title="Maria Corti">Maria Corti</a>,<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> a professor at the University of Pavia, had an idea to set up a Manuscript Fund (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Fondo Manoscritti), dedicated to preserving writings and manuscripts from twentieth-century authors. The center hosts a collection of writings and manuscripts from writers of the last two centuries including manuscripts and papers handwritten by the poet <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a>,<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> as well as various autographed editions of the novel the Philosophy of Madonna (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: La Madonna dei filosofi) by <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Emilio_Gadda" title="Carlo Emilio Gadda">Carlo Emilio Gadda</a>, and an annotated edition of the manuscript for My Cousin Andrea (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Mio cugino Andrea) by <a href="/wiki/Romano_Bilenchi" title="Romano Bilenchi">Romano Bilenchi</a>. The collection preserved by the center covers more than 200 authors. The center is located at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Campus_of_the_University_of_Pavia" title="Old Campus of the University of Pavia">Palazzo Centrale</a> of the University of Pavia, and a branch is recently added to one of the university's sites at Via Luino. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_(25818912277).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/220px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6240" data-file-height="4160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/220px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/330px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg/440px-Il_Centro_Manoscritti_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Pavia_%2825818912277%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Center of Manuscripts</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_collections">Other collections</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Other collections" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The university also hosts special collections which are accessible only by appointments. These collections are not accessible by the public:<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> <ul><li>Physiology collections covers 300 various instruments used in physiological research, such as galvanometers, scales, devices for measuring tactile sensation and pain sensitivity and so on. The collection is hosted by the Department of Molecular Medicine.</li> <li>Histology and embryology collections covers over 10,000 histological slides of different tissues and organs, embryological models in wax as well as microscopes and other instruments. The collection is hosted by the Department of Experimental Medicine.</li> <li>Musicology collections<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> covers about 1,100 works including 80 musical instruments such as <a href="/wiki/Aerophone" title="Aerophone">aerophones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chordophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordophone">chordophones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Idiophone" title="Idiophone">idiophones</a>, as well as thousands of <a href="/wiki/Piano_roll" title="Piano roll">perforated rolls for antique pianos</a>. The collection is hosted by the Department of Music.</li> <li>Cattaneo collection covers preserved <a href="/wiki/Microscope_slide" title="Microscope slide">anatomical and histological preparations</a> in the fields of <a href="/wiki/Osteology" title="Osteology">osteology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">angiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Splanchnology" title="Splanchnology">splanchnology</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esthesiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esthesiology (page does not exist)">esthesiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurology</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Topographic_anatomy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Topographic anatomy (page does not exist)">topographic anatomy</a>. The collection is hosted by the Public Health, Neurosciences, Experimental and Forensic Medicine.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The university offers degree programmes in two languages: <ul><li>Italian - Most of the courses in the University of Pavia are taught in Italian.</li> <li>English - One single-cycle master's degree, one undergraduate degree and eight master's degrees are offered in English. These degrees are:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ol><li>Three-year undergraduate degree in Artificial intelligence</li> <li>Six-year degree in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></li> <li>Master's degree in Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG)</li> <li>Master's degree in Electronic Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in Computer Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in Industrial Automation Engineering</li> <li>Master's degree in International Business and Entrepreneurship (MIBE)</li> <li>Master's degree in Economics, Finance and International Integration (MEFI)</li> <li>Master's degree in World Politics and International Relations</li> <li>Master’s degree in Psychology, Neuroscience and Human Sciences</li></ol></dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Colleges">Colleges</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Colleges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_borromeo12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/220px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2723"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/220px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/330px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Collegio_borromeo12.jpg/440px-Collegio_borromeo12.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_Ghislieri_(Pavia).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/220px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/220px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/330px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG/440px-Collegio_Ghislieri_%28Pavia%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Ghislieri_College" title="Ghislieri College">Collegio Ghislieri</a></div></div></div></div></div>The university has one of the most extensive colleges and residence halls in Italy, which house the majority of its students. These colleges are:<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EDISU_public_colleges">EDISU public colleges</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: EDISU public colleges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> EDISU Pavia is an agency established by the university in order to manage activities and services related to the right of study. It manages 4 refectories and 12 public colleges, which are:<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <ul><li>Collegio Fratelli Cairoli (male)</li> <li>Collegio Gerolamo Cardano (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Lazzaro Spallanzani (male)</li> <li>Collegio Lorenzo Valla (mixed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Castiglioni_Brugnatelli" title="Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli">Collegio Castiglioni-Brugnatelli</a> (female)</li> <li>Collegio Plinio Fraccaro (male)</li> <li>Collegio Benvenuto Griziotti (male and female)</li> <li>Residenze Golgi I and II (male and female)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/220px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/220px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/330px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg/440px-Collegio_castiglioni_facciata.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Castiglioni_Brugnatelli" title="Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli">Collegio Castiglioni Brugnatelli</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Collegio Alessandro Volta (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Giasone del Maino (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Universitario Quartier Novo</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_and_public_colleges">Private and public colleges</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Private and public colleges" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collegio_Borromeo" title="Collegio Borromeo">Collegio Borromeo</a> (male and female)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghislieri_College" title="Ghislieri College">Collegio Ghislieri</a> (male and female)</li> <li>Collegio Nuovo (female)</li> <li>Collegio Santa Caterina da Siena (female)</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Notable_alumni_and_academics">Notable alumni and academics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable alumni and academics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Pavia_alumni" title="Category:University of Pavia alumni">Category:University of Pavia alumni</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Cremona" title="Luigi Cremona">Luigi Cremona</a>, mathematician<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli" title="Giovanni Antonio Scopoli">Giovanni Antonio Scopoli</a>, naturalist<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_Fraccaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco Fraccaro (page does not exist)">Marco Fraccaro</a>, geneticist<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Bassi" title="Agostino Bassi">Agostino Bassi</a>, entomologist<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edoardo_Storti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edoardo Storti (page does not exist)">Edoardo Storti</a>, hematologist<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Maggi" title="Leopoldo Maggi">Leopoldo Maggi</a>, zoologist<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Charles_Borromeo" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a>, archbishop<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Ghislieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Michele Ghislieri">Michele Ghislieri</a>, Pope Pio V<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cesare_Beccaria" title="Cesare Beccaria">Cesare Beccaria</a>, jurist and philosopher<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Beltrami" title="Eugenio Beltrami">Eugenio Beltrami</a>, mathematician and physician<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigismondo_Boldoni" title="Sigismondo Boldoni">Sigismondo Boldoni</a>, writer, philosopher, physician<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a>, mathematician, physician, astrologer and gambler<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Luca_Cavalli-Sforza" title="Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza">Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Population_genetics" title="Population genetics">population geneticist</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_William_Fairbank_Edwards" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthony William Fairbank Edwards">Anthony William Fairbank Edwards</a>, geneticist<a href="#cite_note-:12-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Ettore_Gamba" title="Paolo Ettore Gamba">Paolo Ettore Gamba</a>, 2013 Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Giacomo_Gaspare_Corti" title="Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti">Alfonso Giacomo Gaspare Corti</a>, physician and scientist<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldus_de_Ubaldis" title="Baldus de Ubaldis">Baldus de Ubaldis</a>, jurist<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contardo_Ferrini" title="Contardo Ferrini">Contardo Ferrini</a>, jurist<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a>, writer, revolutionary and poet<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Gasparrini" title="Guglielmo Gasparrini">Guglielmo Gasparrini</a>, botanist and mycologist<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillo_Golgi" title="Camillo Golgi">Camillo Golgi</a>, Nobel prize in Medicine and Physiology<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a>, Nobel prize in Chemistry<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Ohlendorf" title="Otto Ohlendorf">Otto Ohlendorf</a> (1907–1951), SS general and Holocaust perpetrator, executed for war crimes<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Domenico_Romagnosi" title="Gian Domenico Romagnosi">Gian Domenico Romagnosi</a>, jurist, philosopher and economist<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a>, Nobel prize in Physics<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Scarpa" title="Antonio Scarpa">Antonio Scarpa</a>, physician and scientist<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysios_Solomos" title="Dionysios Solomos">Dionysios Solomos</a>, poet<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazzaro_Spallanzani" title="Lazzaro Spallanzani">Lazzaro Spallanzani</a>, biologist<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a>, humanist and philologist<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a>, scientist, developer of the first <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">electric cell</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcantonio_della_Torre" title="Marcantonio della Torre">Marcantonio della Torre</a>, anatomy mentor of Leonardo da Vinci<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Agostini" title="Angela Agostini">Angela Agostini</a>, botanist and mycologist<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Tremonti" title="Giulio Tremonti">Giulio Tremonti</a>, politician and lawyer<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lanzavecchia" title="Antonio Lanzavecchia">Antonio Lanzavecchia</a>, immunologist<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Marangoni" title="Carlo Marangoni">Carlo Marangoni</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Valentino_Brugnatelli" title="Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli">Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli</a>, chemist<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Joseph_Boscovich" title="Roger Joseph Boscovich">Ruggiero G. Boscovich</a>, mathematician, astronomer<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Bizzozero" title="Giulio Bizzozero">Giulio Bizzozero</a>, pathologist<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Stratico" class="mw-redirect" title="Simone Stratico">Simone Stratico</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Sanarelli" title="Giuseppe Sanarelli">Giuseppe Sanarelli</a>, hygienist<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sharpey" title="William Sharpey">William Sharpey</a>, anatomist<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Caffi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enrico Caffi (page does not exist)">Enrico Caffi</a>, priest<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Antonio_Borgnis" title="Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis">Giuseppe Antonio Borgnis</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Honorary degrees" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agustino_Gemelli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agustino Gemelli (page does not exist)">Agustino Gemelli</a>, psychologist<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Conte" title="Paolo Conte">Paolo Conte</a>, pianist and composer<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Warren_Irkendale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warren Irkendale (page does not exist)">Warren Irkendale</a>, American musicologist<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bannister" title="Roger Bannister">Roger Bannister</a>, athlete and neurologist<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Wedderburn,_Baron_Wedderburn_of_Charlton" title="Bill Wedderburn, Baron Wedderburn of Charlton">Kenneth William</a>, Lord Wedderburn of Charlton;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Darriulat" title="Pierre Darriulat">Pierre Darriulat</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Alex_M%C3%BCller" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Alex Müller">Karl Alex Müller</a>, 1987 Nobel Prize winner in Physics<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_John_Hills" title="Graham John Hills">Graham John Hills</a>, physical chemist<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kroh" title="Jerzy Kroh">Jerzy Kroh</a>, chemist<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Simon" title="Herbert A. Simon">Herbert A. Simon</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agostino_Casaroli" title="Agostino Casaroli">Agostino Casaroli</a>, priest<a href="#cite_note-:11-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Richard von Weizsäcker">Richard von Weizsäcker</a>, politician<a href="#cite_note-:11-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Triffin" title="Robert Triffin">Robert Triffin</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Azeglio_Ciampi" title="Carlo Azeglio Ciampi">Carlo Azeglio Ciampi</a>, politician and banker<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandro_Molinari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandro Molinari (page does not exist)">Sandro Molinari</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_M._Cipolla" title="Carlo M. Cipolla">Carlo M. Cipolla</a>, historian<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Faggin" title="Federico Faggin">Federico Faggin</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._R._Hughes" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas J. R. Hughes">Thomas J. R. Hughes</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvaro_Siza_Vieira" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvaro Siza Vieira">Alvaro Siza Vieira</a>, architect<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stallman" title="Richard Stallman">Richard Stallman</a>, programmer<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irene_Hijmans-Tromp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irene Hijmans-Tromp (page does not exist)">Irene Hijmans-Tromp</a>, linguist<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Berlucchi" title="Giovanni Berlucchi">Giovanni Berlucchi</a>, neurologist<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lowi" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Lowi">Theodore Lowi</a>, political scientist<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Ruggeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Ruggeri (page does not exist)">Salvatore Ruggeri</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otmar_Issing" title="Otmar Issing">Otmar Issing</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-151">[151]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Janssen" title="Paul Janssen">Paul Janssen</a>, physician<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Strehler" title="Giorgio Strehler">Giorgio Strehler</a>, director<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torsten_N._Wiesel" class="mw-redirect" title="Torsten N. Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a>, neurophysiologist<a href="#cite_note-:5-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Tessier-Lavigne" title="Marc Tessier-Lavigne">Marc Tessier-Lavigne</a>, researcher<a href="#cite_note-:5-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-:8-156">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Llinas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodolfo Llinas">Rodolfo Llinas</a>, neuroscientist<a href="#cite_note-unipv.eu-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eliot_Gardiner" title="John Eliot Gardiner">John Eliot Gardiner</a>, conductor<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_G.A._McGregor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher G.A. McGregor (page does not exist)">Christopher G.A. McGregor</a>, physician,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Bernard_Ackerman" title="A. Bernard Ackerman">A. Bernard Ackerman</a>, physician<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirjan_Dama%C5%A1ka" title="Mirjan Damaška">Mirjan Damaška</a>, jurist<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_M._Shepherd" title="Gordon M. Shepherd">Gordon Shepherd</a>, neuroscientist <a href="#cite_note-unipv.eu-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altiero_Spinelli" title="Altiero Spinelli">Altiero Spinelli</a>, politician<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gianfranco_Acchiappati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gianfranco Acchiappati (page does not exist)">Gianfranco Acchiappati</a>, physician<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_Mortari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto Mortari (page does not exist)">Umberto Mortari</a>, pharmacist<a href="#cite_note-:6-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alessandro_Rigamonti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alessandro Rigamonti (page does not exist)">Alessandro Rigamonti</a>, chemist<a href="#cite_note-:6-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert E. Kahn">Robert E. Kahn</a>, programmer<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Leonhardt" title="Fritz Leonhardt">Fritz Leonhardt</a>, structural engineer<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasquale_Pistorio" title="Pasquale Pistorio">Pasquale Pistorio</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Heilbron" class="mw-redirect" title="John Heilbron">John Heilbron</a>, historian<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomaso_Poggio" title="Tomaso Poggio">Tomaso Poggio</a>, neuroscientist<a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diana_Bracco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diana Bracco (page does not exist)">Diana Bracco</a>, chemist<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldo_Poli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldo Poli (page does not exist)">Aldo Poli</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Medaglia_teresiana">Medaglia teresiana</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Medaglia teresiana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_(26532078029).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/220px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="2394"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 169px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/220px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="169" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/330px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg/440px-Laurea_honoris_causa_a_Samantha_Cristoforetti_%2826532078029%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Samantha Cristoforetti was presented with honorary doctorate </figcaption></figure> The Medaglia teresiana is an academic recognition that establishes the entry of a full professor in the University of Pavia. This award can also be conferred by the Rector of the University of Pavia to people who are particularly distinguished, traditionally hosted at the inauguration of the academic year or the day of the graduates: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Massimo_Inguscio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massimo Inguscio (page does not exist)">Massimo Inguscio</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salomone_Ovadia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salomone Ovadia (page does not exist)">Salomone Ovadia</a>, actor<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Cardona" title="Manuel Cardona">Manuel Cardona</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Casadei" title="Barbara Casadei">Barbara Casadei</a>, cardiologist<a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Turowski_(professor)" title="Janusz Turowski (professor)">Janusz Turkowski</a>, engineer<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_M._Block" title="Martin M. Block">Martin M. Block</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Lissoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Lissoni (page does not exist)">Francesco Lissoni</a>, economist<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a>, Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Cristoforetti" title="Samantha Cristoforetti">Samantha Cristoforetti</a>, astronaut<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Freeman" title="Herbert Freeman">Herbert Freeman</a>, computer scientist<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabrizio_Capobianco" title="Fabrizio Capobianco">Fabrizio Capobianco</a>, entrepreneur <a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a>, chemist<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Balduzzi" title="Renato Balduzzi">Renato Balduzzi</a>, politician<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppe_Severgnini" title="Beppe Severgnini">Beppe Severgnini</a>, journalist<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eliot_Forster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eliot Forster (page does not exist)">Eliot Forster</a>, entrepreneur<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cavalleri" title="Andrea Cavalleri">Andrea Cavalleri</a>, physicist<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Cattaneo" title="Elena Cattaneo">Elena Cattaneo</a>, researcher<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Grasso" title="Pietro Grasso">Pietro Grasso</a>, politician<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Le_Goff" title="Jacques Le Goff">Jacques Le Goff</a>, historian<a href="#cite_note-:10-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerardo_Marotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerardo Marotta (page does not exist)">Gerardo Marotta</a>, lawyer and philosopher<a href="#cite_note-:10-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvatore_Ruggeri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvatore Ruggeri (page does not exist)">Salvatore Ruggeri</a>, politician<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-151">[151]</a></li></ul></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Policlinico_San_Matteo" title="Policlinico San Matteo">Policlinico San Matteo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbra_Group" title="Coimbra Group">Coimbra Group</a> (a network of leading European universities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_University_Association" title="European University Association">European University Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Italian_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Italian universities">List of Italian universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_universities" title="List of medieval universities">List of medieval universities</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pavia&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-pavia">"University of Pavia"</a>. 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(1913). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/University_of_Pavia">"University of Pavia" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=University+of+Pavia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUniversity+of+Pavia" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Database scholars of University of Pavia (1361-1800), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.uclouvain.be/index.php/RETE/index">Repertorium Eruditorum Totius Europae/RETE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بافيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جامعة بافيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_Universiteti" title="Pavia Universiteti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pavia Universiteti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="پاویا بیلیم‌یوردو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاویا بیلیم‌یوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%82" title="Павійскі ўніверсітэт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Павійскі ўніверсітэт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitat_de_Pavia" title="Universitat de Pavia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Universitat de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universita_di_Pavia" title="Universita di Pavia – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Universita di Pavia" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univerzita_v_Pavii" title="Univerzita v Pavii – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Univerzita v Pavii" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A4t_Pavia" title="Universität Pavia – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Universität Pavia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_%C3%9Clikool" title="Pavia Ülikool – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pavia Ülikool" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Παβίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πανεπιστήμιο της Παβίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidad_de_Pav%C3%ADa" title="Universidad de Pavía – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Universidad de Pavía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitato_de_Pavio" title="Universitato de Pavio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Universitato de Pavio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paviako_Unibertsitatea" title="Paviako Unibertsitatea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paviako Unibertsitatea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دانشگاه پاویا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دانشگاه پاویا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_Pavie" title="Université de Pavie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Université de Pavie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%8C%80%ED%95%99%EA%B5%90" title="파비아 대학교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파비아 대학교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Պավիայի համալսարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պավիայի համալսարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Pavia" title="Universitas Pavia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Universitas Pavia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_degli_Studi_di_Pavia" title="Università degli Studi di Pavia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Università degli Studi di Pavia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94" title="אוניברסיטת פאביה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוניברסיטת פאביה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Ticinensis" title="Universitas Ticinensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Universitas Ticinensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Studi_de_Pavia" title="Università di Studi de Pavia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Università di Studi de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Универзитет во Павија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Универзитет во Павија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="جامعة بافيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جامعة بافيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiteit_van_Pavia" title="Universiteit van Pavia – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Universiteit van Pavia" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="パヴィア大学 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パヴィア大学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniwersytet_w_Pawii" title="Uniwersytet w Pawii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Uniwersytet w Pawii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade_de_Pavia" title="Universidade de Pavia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Universidade de Pavia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitatea_din_Pavia" title="Universitatea din Pavia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Universitatea din Pavia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Павийский университет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Павийский университет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B8" title="Универзитет у Павији – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Универзитет у Павији" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitetet_i_Pavia" title="Universitetet i Pavia – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Universitetet i Pavia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unibersidad_ng_Pavia" title="Unibersidad ng Pavia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Unibersidad ng Pavia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B3%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%91" title="Донишгоҳи Повиё – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Донишгоҳи Повиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavia_%C3%9Cniversitesi" title="Pavia Üniversitesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pavia Üniversitesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Павійський університет – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Павійський університет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1i_h%E1%BB%8Dc_Pavia" title="Đại học Pavia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đại học Pavia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E7%BB%B4%E4%BA%9A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="帕维亚大学 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕维亚大学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 October 2024, at 08:35 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a 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