Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease | An Open Access Journal from MDPI

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:og="http://ogp.me/ns#" xmlns:fb="https://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta content="mdpi" name="sso-service" /> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" name="viewport" /> <title>Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease | An Open Access Journal from MDPI</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/font-awesome.min.css?eb190a3a77e5e1ee?1738315387"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery.multiselect.css?f56c135cbf4d1483?1738315387"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/chosen.min.css?d7ca5ca9441ef9e1?1738315387"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/main2.css?6398b1425402cd8f?1738315387"> <link rel="mask-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/mask-icon-128.svg?c1c7eca266cd7013?1738315387" color="#4f5671"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1738315387"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/icon/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png?1738315387"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="application-name" content=" "/> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-sq.png?b79e0a548159b03f"> <meta name="title" content="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease"> <meta name="description" content="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal." /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo.png?b79e0a548159b03f" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease, an international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo-social.png?b79e0a548159b03f" /> <style> h2, #abstract .related_suggestion_title { } .batch_articles a { color: #000; } a, .batch_articles .authors a, a:focus, a:hover, a:active, .batch_articles a:focus, .batch_articles a:hover, li.side-menu-li a { } span.label a { color: #fff; } #main-content a.title-link:hover, #main-content a.title-link:focus, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content div.generic-item a.title-link:focus { } #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:hover, #main-content #middle-column .generic-item.article-item a.title-link:focus { } .art-authors a.toEncode { color: #333; font-weight: 700; } #main-content #middle-column ul li::before { } .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title, .accordion-navigation.active a.accordion__title::after { } .accordion-navigation li:hover::before, .accordion-navigation li:hover a, .accordion-navigation li:focus a { } .relative-size-container .relative-size-image .relative-size { } .middle-column__help__fixed a:hover i, } input[type="checkbox"]:checked:after { } input[type="checkbox"]:not(:disabled):hover:before { } #main-content .bolded-text { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container { } #main-content .hypothesis-count-container:before { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper { } .full-size-menu ul li.menu-item > a.open::after { } #title-story .title-story-orbit .orbit-caption { #background: url('/img/design/000000_background.png') !important; background: url('/img/design/ffffff_background.png') !important; color: rgb(51, 51, 51) !important; } #main-content .content__container__orbit { background-color: #000 !important; } #main-content .content__container__journal { color: #fff; } .html-article-menu .row span { } .html-article-menu .row span.active { } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active::before, .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li.active a { color: rgba(186,123,30,0.75) !important; font-weight: 700; } .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover::before , .accordion-navigation__journal .side-menu-li:hover a { color: rgba(186,123,30,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a, .side-menu-ul li.active, .side-menu-ul li.active::before { color: rgba(186,123,30,0.75) !important; } .side-menu-ul li.active a { } .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:hover, .result-selected, .active-result.highlighted, .active-result:focus { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme { } nav.tab-bar .open-small-search.active:after { } .search-container.search-container__default-scheme .custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link::after { color: #fff; } @media only screen and (max-width: 50em) { #main-content .content__container.journal-info { color: #fff; } #main-content .content__container.journal-info a { color: #fff; } } .button.button--color { } .button.button--color:hover, .button.button--color:focus { } .button.button--color-journal { position: relative; background-color: rgba(186,123,30,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color-journal:hover::before { content: ''; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; height: 100%; width: 100%; background-color: #ffffff; opacity: 0.2; } .button.button--color-journal:visited, .button.button--color-journal:hover, .button.button--color-journal:focus { background-color: rgba(186,123,30,0.75); border-color: #fff; color: #fff !important; } .button.button--color path { } .button.button--color:hover path { fill: #fff; } #main-content #search-refinements .ui-slider-horizontal .ui-slider-range { } .breadcrumb__element:last-of-type a { } #main-header { } #full-size-menu .top-bar, #full-size-menu li.menu-item span.user-email { } .top-bar-section li:not(.has-form) a:not(.button) { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item .dropdown-wrapper li a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a:hover, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:focus, nav.tab-bar a:hover { } #full-size-menu li.menu.item a:active, #full-size-menu li.menu.item a.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item a.open-mega-menu.active, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu, a.open-mega-menu.active { } #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu li, #full-size-menu li.menu-item div.mega-menu a { border-color: #9a9a9a; } div.type-section h2 { font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: 300; } div.type-section h3 { margin-left: 15px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-weight: 300; } .journal-tabs .tab-title.active a { } </style> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - Latest articles" href="https://www.mdpi.com/rss"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="MDPI Publishing - JDAD - Latest Articles" href="/rss/journal/jdad"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="PxTlsg7z2S00aHroktQd57fxygEjMiNHydKn3txhvwY"> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="mcoq8dtq6sb2hf7z29j8w515jjoof7" /> <script id="Cookiebot" data-cfasync="false" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="51491ddd-fe7a-4425-ab39-69c78c55829f" type="text/javascript" async></script>  <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-WPK7SW5'); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics"> _linkedin_partner_id = "2846186"; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids = window._linkedin_data_partner_ids || []; window._linkedin_data_partner_ids.push(_linkedin_partner_id); </script><script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; var b = document.createElement("script"); b.type = "text/javascript";b.async = true; b.src = "https://snap.licdn.com/li.lms-analytics/insight.min.js"; s.parentNode.insertBefore(b, s);})(); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="statistics" data-cfasync="false" src="//script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0116/4951.js" async="async" ></script> </head> <body> <div id="menuModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-menu" aria-hidden="true" data-reveal role="dialog"> <div class="menu-container"> <div class="UI_NavMenu"> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Journals</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about/journals">Active Journals</a> <a href="/about/journalfinder">Find a Journal</a> <a href="/about/journals/proposal">Journal Proposal</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/topics"> <h2>Topics</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Information</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 200px; float: left;"> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </div> <div style="width: 100%; max-width: 250px; float: left;"> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="/authors/english"> <h2>Editing Services</h2> </a> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>Initiatives</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Sciforum</a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MDPI Books</a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Preprints.org</a> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scilit</a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SciProfiles</a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Encyclopedia</a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">JAMS</a> <a href="/about/proceedings">Proceedings Series</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container " > <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link " > <h2>About</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="menu-container__links"> <div style="width: 100%; float: left;"> <a href="/about">Overview</a> <a href="/about/contact">Contact</a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Careers</a> <a href="/about/announcements">News</a> <a href="/about/press">Press</a> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Blog</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-container__buttons"> <a class="button UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="captchaModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-label="Captcha" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"></div> <div id="actionDisabledModal" class="reveal-modal" data-reveal aria-labelledby="actionDisableModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog" style="width: 300px;"> <h2 id="actionDisableModalTitle">Notice</h2> <form action="/email/captcha" method="post" id="emailCaptchaForm"> <div class="row"> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-text" class="small-12 columns"> </div> <div id="js-action-disabled-modal-submit" class="small-12 columns" style="margin-top: 10px; display: none;"> You can make submissions to other journals <a href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload">here</a>. </div> </div> </form> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="rssNotificationModal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="rssNotificationModalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="rssNotificationModalTitle">Notice</h2> <p> You are accessing a machine-readable page. In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <a class="button button--color js-rss-notification-confirm">Continue</a> <a class="button button--grey" onclick="$(this).closest('.reveal-modal').find('.close-reveal-modal').click(); return false;">Cancel</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-openaccess" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess</a>. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-feature" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Feature papers represent the most advanced research with significant potential for high impact in the field. A Feature Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for future research directions and describes possible research applications. </p> <p> Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive positive feedback from the reviewers. </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-choice" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Editor’s Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the most exciting work published in the various research areas of the journal. <div style="margin-top: -10px;"> <div id="drop-article-label-choice-journal-link" style="display: none; margin-top: -10px; padding-top: 10px;"> </div> </div> </p> </div> <div id="drop-article-label-resubmission" class="f-dropdown medium" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <p> Original Submission Date Received: <span id="drop-article-label-resubmission-date"></span>. </p> </div> <div id="container"> <noscript> <div id="no-javascript"> You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. </div> </noscript> <div class="fixed"> <nav class="tab-bar show-for-medium-down"> <div class="row full-width collapse"> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1738315387" style="width: 64px;" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="medium-3 small-4 columns right-aligned"> <div class="show-for-medium-down"> <a href="#" style="display: none;"> <i class="material-icons" onclick="$('#menuModal').foundation('reveal', 'close'); return false;">clear</i> </a> <a class="js-toggle-desktop-layout-link" title="Toggle desktop layout" style="display: none;" href="/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"> <i class="material-icons">zoom_out_map</i> </a> <a href="#" class="js-open-small-search open-small-search"> <i class="material-icons show-for-small only">search</i> </a> <a title="MDPI main page" class="js-open-menu" data-reveal-id="menuModal" href="#"> <i class="material-icons">menu</i> </a> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <section class="main-section"> <header> <div class="full-size-menu show-for-large-up"> <div class="row full-width"> <div class="large-1 columns"> <a href="/"> <img class="full-size-menu__mdpi-logo" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-black-small1.svg?da3a8dcae975a41c?1738315387" title="MDPI Open Access Journals"> </a> </div> <div class="large-8 columns text-right UI_NavMenu"> <ul> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/journals" data-dropdown="journals-dropdown" aria-controls="journals-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Journals</a> <ul id="journals-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about/journals"> Active Journals </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journalfinder"> Find a Journal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/journals/proposal"> Journal Proposal </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/topics">Topics</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors" data-dropdown="information-dropdown" aria-controls="information-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover:true; hover_timeout:200">Information</a> <ul id="information-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-5 columns right-border"> <ul> <li> <a href="/authors">For Authors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/reviewers">For Reviewers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editors">For Editors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/librarians">For Librarians</a> </li> <li> <a href="/publishing_services">For Publishers</a> </li> <li> <a href="/societies">For Societies</a> </li> <li> <a href="/conference_organizers">For Conference Organizers</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="small-7 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/openaccess">Open Access Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ioap">Institutional Open Access Program</a> </li> <li> <a href="/special_issues_guidelines">Special Issues Guidelines</a> </li> <li> <a href="/editorial_process">Editorial Process</a> </li> <li> <a href="/ethics">Research and Publication Ethics</a> </li> <li> <a href="/apc">Article Processing Charges</a> </li> <li> <a href="/awards">Awards</a> </li> <li> <a href="/testimonials">Testimonials</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/authors/english">Editing Services</a> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about/initiatives" data-dropdown="initiatives-dropdown" aria-controls="initiatives-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">Initiatives</a> <ul id="initiatives-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item"> <a href="/about" data-dropdown="about-dropdown" aria-controls="about-dropdown" aria-expanded="false" data-options="is_hover: true; hover_timeout: 200">About</a> <ul id="about-dropdown" class="f-dropdown dropdown-wrapper dropdown-wrapper__small" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <li> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about"> Overview </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Careers </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/announcements"> News </a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/press"> Press </a> </li> <li> <a href="http://blog.mdpi.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Blog </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="large-3 columns text-right full-size-menu__buttons"> <div> <a class="button button--default-inversed UA_SignInUpButton" href="/user/login">Sign In / Sign Up</a> <a class="button button--default js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_NavSubmitButton" href=" https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=jdad " data-disabledmessage="new submissions are not possible.">Submit</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="search-container hide-for-small-down row search-container__homepage-scheme"> <form id="basic_search" style="background-color: inherit !important;" class="large-12 medium-12 columns " action="/search" method="get"> <div class="row search-container__main-elements"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns text-right1 small-only-text-left"> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> </div> <span class="search-container__title">Search<span class="hide-for-medium"> for Articles</span><span class="hide-for-small">:</span></span> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Title / Keyword</div> </div> <input type="text" placeholder="Title / Keyword" id="q" tabindex="1" name="q" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Author / Affiliation / Email</div> </div> <input type="text" id="authors" placeholder="Author / Affiliation / Email" tabindex="2" name="authors" value="" /> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Journal</div> </div> <select id="journal" tabindex="3" name="journal" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Journals</option> <option value="acoustics" > Acoustics </option> <option value="amh" > Acta Microbiologica Hellenica (AMH) </option> <option value="actuators" > Actuators </option> <option value="adhesives" > Adhesives </option> <option value="admsci" > Administrative Sciences </option> <option value="adolescents" > Adolescents </option> <option value="arm" > Advances in Respiratory Medicine (ARM) </option> <option value="aerobiology" > Aerobiology </option> <option value="aerospace" > Aerospace </option> <option value="agriculture" > Agriculture </option> <option value="agriengineering" > AgriEngineering </option> <option value="agrochemicals" > Agrochemicals </option> <option value="agronomy" > Agronomy </option> <option value="ai" > AI </option> <option value="air" > Air </option> <option value="algorithms" > Algorithms </option> <option value="allergies" > Allergies </option> <option value="alloys" > Alloys </option> <option value="analytica" > Analytica </option> <option value="analytics" > Analytics </option> <option value="anatomia" > Anatomia </option> <option value="anesthres" > Anesthesia Research </option> <option value="animals" > Animals </option> <option value="antibiotics" > Antibiotics </option> <option value="antibodies" > Antibodies </option> <option value="antioxidants" > Antioxidants </option> <option value="applbiosci" > Applied Biosciences </option> <option value="applmech" > Applied Mechanics </option> <option value="applmicrobiol" > Applied Microbiology </option> <option value="applnano" > Applied Nano </option> <option value="applsci" > Applied Sciences </option> <option value="asi" > Applied System Innovation (ASI) </option> <option value="appliedchem" > AppliedChem </option> <option value="appliedmath" > AppliedMath </option> <option value="aquacj" > Aquaculture Journal </option> <option value="architecture" > Architecture </option> <option value="arthropoda" > Arthropoda </option> <option value="arts" > Arts </option> <option value="astronomy" > Astronomy </option> <option value="atmosphere" > Atmosphere </option> <option value="atoms" > Atoms </option> <option value="audiolres" > Audiology Research </option> <option value="automation" > Automation </option> <option value="axioms" > Axioms </option> <option value="bacteria" > Bacteria </option> <option value="batteries" > Batteries </option> <option value="behavsci" > Behavioral Sciences </option> <option value="beverages" > Beverages </option> <option value="BDCC" > Big Data and Cognitive Computing (BDCC) </option> <option value="biochem" > BioChem </option> <option value="bioengineering" > Bioengineering </option> <option value="biologics" > Biologics </option> <option value="biology" > Biology </option> <option value="blsf" > Biology and Life Sciences Forum </option> <option value="biomass" > Biomass </option> <option value="biomechanics" > Biomechanics </option> <option value="biomed" > BioMed </option> <option value="biomedicines" > Biomedicines </option> <option value="biomedinformatics" > BioMedInformatics </option> <option value="biomimetics" > Biomimetics </option> <option value="biomolecules" > Biomolecules </option> <option value="biophysica" > Biophysica </option> <option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biosphere" > Biosphere </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C (Journal of Carbon Research) </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="cmtr" > Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction (CMTR) </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="eesp" > Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="greenhealth" > Green Health </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijom" > International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy (IJOM) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" selected='selected'> Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jemr" > Journal of Eye Movement Research (JEMR) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmms" > Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (JMMS) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> <option value="laws" > Laws </option> <option value="life" > Life </option> <option value="limnolrev" > Limnological Review </option> <option value="lipidology" > Lipidology </option> <option value="liquids" > Liquids </option> <option value="literature" > Literature </option> <option value="livers" > Livers </option> <option value="logics" > Logics </option> <option value="logistics" > Logistics </option> <option value="lubricants" > Lubricants </option> <option value="lymphatics" > Lymphatics </option> <option value="make" > Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE) </option> <option value="machines" > Machines </option> <option value="macromol" > Macromol </option> <option value="magnetism" > Magnetism </option> <option value="magnetochemistry" > Magnetochemistry </option> <option value="marinedrugs" > Marine Drugs </option> <option value="materials" > Materials </option> <option value="materproc" > Materials Proceedings </option> <option value="mca" > Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA) </option> <option value="mathematics" > Mathematics </option> <option value="medsci" > Medical Sciences </option> <option value="msf" > Medical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="medicina" > Medicina </option> <option value="medicines" > Medicines </option> <option value="membranes" > Membranes </option> <option value="merits" > Merits </option> <option value="metabolites" > Metabolites </option> <option value="metals" > Metals </option> <option value="meteorology" > Meteorology </option> <option value="methane" > Methane </option> <option value="mps" > Methods and Protocols (MPs) </option> <option value="metrics" > Metrics </option> <option value="metrology" > Metrology </option> <option value="micro" > Micro </option> <option value="microbiolres" > Microbiology Research </option> <option value="micromachines" > Micromachines </option> <option value="microorganisms" > Microorganisms </option> <option value="microplastics" > Microplastics </option> <option value="microwave" > Microwave </option> <option value="minerals" > Minerals </option> <option value="mining" > Mining </option> <option value="modelling" > Modelling </option> <option value="mmphys" > Modern Mathematical Physics </option> <option value="molbank" > Molbank </option> <option value="molecules" > Molecules </option> <option value="mti" > Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI) </option> <option value="muscles" > Muscles </option> <option value="nanoenergyadv" > Nanoenergy Advances </option> <option value="nanomanufacturing" > Nanomanufacturing </option> <option value="nanomaterials" > Nanomaterials </option> <option value="ndt" > NDT </option> <option value="network" > Network </option> <option value="neuroglia" > Neuroglia </option> <option value="neurolint" > Neurology International </option> <option value="neurosci" > NeuroSci </option> <option value="nitrogen" > Nitrogen </option> <option value="ncrna" > Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA) </option> <option value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology" > Pharmacoepidemiology </option> <option value="pharmacy" > Pharmacy </option> <option value="philosophies" > Philosophies </option> <option value="photochem" > Photochem </option> <option value="photonics" > Photonics </option> <option value="phycology" > Phycology </option> <option value="physchem" > Physchem </option> <option value="psf" > Physical Sciences Forum </option> <option value="physics" > Physics </option> <option value="physiologia" > Physiologia </option> <option value="plants" > Plants </option> <option value="plasma" > Plasma </option> <option value="platforms" > Platforms </option> <option value="pollutants" > Pollutants </option> <option value="polymers" > Polymers </option> <option value="polysaccharides" > Polysaccharides </option> <option value="populations" > Populations </option> <option value="poultry" > Poultry </option> <option value="powders" > Powders </option> <option value="proceedings" > Proceedings </option> <option value="processes" > Processes </option> <option value="prosthesis" > Prosthesis </option> <option value="proteomes" > Proteomes </option> <option value="psychiatryint" > Psychiatry International </option> <option value="psychoactives" > Psychoactives </option> <option value="psycholint" > Psychology International </option> <option value="publications" > Publications </option> <option value="qubs" > Quantum Beam Science (QuBS) </option> <option value="quantumrep" > Quantum Reports </option> <option value="quaternary" > Quaternary </option> <option value="radiation" > Radiation </option> <option value="reactions" > Reactions </option> <option value="realestate" > Real Estate </option> <option value="receptors" > Receptors </option> <option value="recycling" > Recycling </option> <option value="rsee" > Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE) </option> <option value="religions" > Religions </option> <option value="remotesensing" > Remote Sensing </option> <option value="reports" > Reports </option> <option value="reprodmed" > Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option value="surfaces" > Surfaces </option> <option value="surgeries" > Surgeries </option> <option value="std" > Surgical Techniques Development </option> <option value="sustainability" > Sustainability </option> <option value="suschem" > Sustainable Chemistry </option> <option value="symmetry" > Symmetry </option> <option value="synbio" > SynBio </option> <option value="systems" > Systems </option> <option value="targets" > Targets </option> <option value="taxonomy" > Taxonomy </option> <option value="technologies" > Technologies </option> <option value="telecom" > Telecom </option> <option value="textiles" > Textiles </option> <option value="thalassrep" > Thalassemia Reports </option> <option value="therapeutics" > Therapeutics </option> <option value="thermo" > Thermo </option> <option value="timespace" > Time and Space </option> <option value="tomography" > Tomography </option> <option value="tourismhosp" > Tourism and Hospitality </option> <option value="toxics" > Toxics </option> <option value="toxins" > Toxins </option> <option value="transplantology" > Transplantology </option> <option value="traumacare" > Trauma Care </option> <option value="higheredu" > Trends in Higher Education </option> <option value="tropicalmed" > Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed) </option> <option value="universe" > Universe </option> <option value="urbansci" > Urban Science </option> <option value="uro" > Uro </option> <option value="vaccines" > Vaccines </option> <option value="vehicles" > Vehicles </option> <option value="venereology" > Venereology </option> <option value="vetsci" > Veterinary Sciences </option> <option value="vibration" > Vibration </option> <option value="virtualworlds" > Virtual Worlds </option> <option value="viruses" > Viruses </option> <option value="vision" > Vision </option> <option value="waste" > Waste </option> <option value="water" > Water </option> <option value="wild" > Wild </option> <option value="wind" > Wind </option> <option value="women" > Women </option> <option value="world" > World </option> <option value="wevj" > World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ) </option> <option value="youth" > Youth </option> <option value="zoonoticdis" > Zoonotic Diseases </option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Article Type</div> </div> <select id="article_type" tabindex="4" name="article_type" class="chosen-select"> <option value="">All Article Types</option> <option value="research-article">Article</option> <option value="review-article">Review</option> <option value="rapid-communication">Communication</option> <option value="editorial">Editorial</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="book-review">Book Review</option> <option value="brief-communication">Brief Communication</option> <option value="brief-report">Brief Report</option> <option value="case-report">Case Report</option> <option value="clinicopathological-challenge">Clinicopathological Challenge</option> <option value="article-commentary">Comment</option> <option value="commentary">Commentary</option> <option value="concept-paper">Concept Paper</option> <option value="conference-report">Conference Report</option> <option value="correction">Correction</option> <option value="creative">Creative</option> <option value="data-descriptor">Data Descriptor</option> <option value="discussion">Discussion</option> <option value="Entry">Entry</option> <option value="essay">Essay</option> <option value="expression-of-concern">Expression of Concern</option> <option value="extended-abstract">Extended Abstract</option> <option value="field-guide">Field Guide</option> <option value="giants-in-urology">Giants in Urology</option> <option value="guidelines">Guidelines</option> <option value="hypothesis">Hypothesis</option> <option value="interesting-image">Interesting Images</option> <option value="letter">Letter</option> <option value="books-received">New Book Received</option> <option value="obituary">Obituary</option> <option value="opinion">Opinion</option> <option value="perspective">Perspective</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceeding Paper</option> <option value="project-report">Project Report</option> <option value="protocol">Protocol</option> <option value="registered-report">Registered Report</option> <option value="reply">Reply</option> <option value="retraction">Retraction</option> <option value="note">Short Note</option> <option value="study-protocol">Study Protocol</option> <option value="systematic_review">Systematic Review</option> <option value="technical-note">Technical Note</option> <option value="tutorial">Tutorial</option> <option value="urology-around-the-world">Urology around the World</option> <option value="viewpoint">Viewpoint</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns small-push-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-button-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input type="submit" id="search" value="Search" class="button button--dark button--full-width searchButton1 US_SearchButton" tabindex="12"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-collapsed-link-container"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <a class="main-search-clear search-container__link" href="#" onclick="openAdvanced(''); return false;">Advanced<span class="show-for-small-only"> Search</span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container__advanced" style="margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0px; background-color: inherit; color: inherit;"> <div class="row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Section</div> </div> <select id="section" tabindex="5" name="section" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 columns "> <div class=""> <div class="search-input-label">Special Issue</div> </div> <select id="special_issue" tabindex="6" name="special_issue" class="chosen-select"> <option value=""></option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Volume</div> <input type="text" id="volume" tabindex="7" name="volume" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Issue</div> <input type="text" id="issue" tabindex="8" name="issue" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Number</div> <input type="text" id="number" tabindex="9" name="number" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns "> <div class="search-input-label">Page</div> <input type="text" id="page" tabindex="10" name="page" placeholder="..." value="" /> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns small-push-6 medium-reset order large-reset-order medium-reset-order js-search-expanded-button-container"></div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 columns large-text-left small-only-text-center small-pull-6 medium-reset-order large-reset-order js-search-expanded-link-container"></div> </div> </div> </form> <form id="advanced-search" class="large-12 medium-12 columns"> <div class="search-container__advanced"> <div id="advanced-search-template" class="row advanced-search-row"> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-12 columns show-for-medium-up"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-3 columns connector-div"> <div class="search-input-label"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Logical Operator</span><span class="show-for-small">Operator</span></div> <select class="connector"> <option value="and">AND</option> <option value="or">OR</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-3 medium-3 small-6 columns search-text-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Text</div> <input type="text" class="search-text" placeholder="Search text"> </div> <div class="large-2 medium-2 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 columns search-field-div"> <div class="search-input-label">Search Type</div> <select class="search-field"> <option value="all">All fields</option> <option value="title">Title</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="keywords">Keywords</option> <option value="authors">Authors</option> <option value="affiliations">Affiliations</option> <option value="doi">Doi</option> <option value="full_text">Full Text</option> <option value="references">References</option> </select> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-3 columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-plus"> <i class="material-icons">add_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> <div class="search-action-div"> <div class="search-minus"> <i class="material-icons">remove_circle_outline</i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 large-offset-0 medium-offset-0 small-offset-3 end columns"> <div class="search-input-label"> </div> <input class="advanced-search-button button button--dark search-submit" type="submit" value="Search"> </div> <div class="large-1 medium-1 small-6 end columns show-for-medium-up"></div> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header-divider"> </div> <div class="breadcrumb row full-row"> <div style="position: absolute; right: 40px; z-index: 10; top: 5px;"> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="/about/journals">Journals</a> </div> <div class="breadcrumb__element"> <a href="#">JDAD</a> </div> </div> </header> <div id="main-content" class=""> <div class="row full-width" data-equalizer="three-columns"> <div id="middle-column" class="content__column large-6 large-push-3 medium-6 medium-push-3 small-12 columns end middle-bordered"> <div id="js-small-main-top-container"> </div> <div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link show-for-small-only"> <h2 class="no-padding-left no-margin">Journal Description</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="journal__description"> <h1> <em>Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</em> </h1> <div class="journal__description__content"> <em>Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</em> is an international, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/editorial_process">peer-reviewed</a>, open access journal on all types of dementia, with particular interest on Alzheimer’s disease, published quarterly online by MDPI.<br /> <ul> <li><strong><span class="label openaccess"><a title="Open Access" href="https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess">Open Access</a></span></strong>— free for readers, with <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad/apc">article processing charges (APC)</a> paid by authors or their institutions.</li> <li><strong>Rapid Publication:</strong> first decisions in 18 days; acceptance to publication in 4 days (median values for MDPI journals in the second half of 2024).</li> <li><strong>Recognition of Reviewers:</strong> APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.</li> <li><strong><em>JDAD</em> is a companion journal of</strong> <em><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci">Brain Sciences</a></em>.</li> <li><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/announcements/9182"><strong>Journal Clusters-Neurosciences</strong></a>: <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci"><em>Brain Sciences</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/neurolint"><em>Neurology International</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/neurosci"><em>Neuro</em><em>S</em><em>ci</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ctn"><em>Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/neuroglia"><em>Neuroglia</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/psychiatryint"><em>Psychiatry</em> <em>International</em></a>, <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/clockssleep"><em>Clocks & Sleep</em></a> and <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad"><em>Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</em></a>.</li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 15px;"> </div> <div> <a href="/journal/jdad/imprint" class="UI_JournalImprintsInfoButton"> <i class="material-icons spaced-link">subject</i> Imprint Information </a>     <a class="oa-link" href="https://www.mdpi.com/about/openaccess"> <i class="material icons spaced-link"></i> Open Access </a>     <strong> ISSN: 3042-4518 </strong> </div> <div style="clear: both;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container content__container--overflow-initial"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link active"> <h2 class="no-padding-left">Latest Articles</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 9 pages, 480 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/3/pdf?version=1738560956" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Benefits of Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Cognition: Systematic Literature Review" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/2/1/3">Benefits of Treating Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Cognition: Systematic Literature Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Júlia Montalvão Neves</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Cátia Andreia Maciel</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pedro Alexandre-Sousa</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>2</em>(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2010003 (registering DOI) - 3 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, and brain cell damage due to brain blood flow reduction, with ischemic damage, increased microvascular reactivity, and brain tissue damage. OSAS is strongly linked to chronic, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/3/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, and brain cell damage due to brain blood flow reduction, with ischemic damage, increased microvascular reactivity, and brain tissue damage. OSAS is strongly linked to chronic, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-line treatment for OSAS. Objective: This article aims to evaluate the effect of CPAP treatment on neurocognitive performance in OSAS patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia by reviewing the literature. Methods: We performed a comprehensive review of the Portuguese and English languages without a time limit using the following Mesh terms: dementia, mild cognitive impairment, obstructive sleep apnea, and CPAP. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and systematic reviews (SRs) where the impact of CPAP on neurocognitive performance was addressed. Results: Five SRs and three RCTs reported significant improvements in neurocognitive performance, especially in verbal, visuospatial, and working memory. Conclusion: CPAP treatment seems to improve cognitive defects associated with OSA. <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/3">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/3/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1582554"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1582554"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1582554" data-cycle-prev="#prev1582554" data-cycle-progressive="#images1582554" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1582554-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00003-g001-550.jpg?1738561053" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1582554" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1582554-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00003-g002-550.jpg?1738561053'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1582554-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00003-g001-550.jpg?1738561053" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis diagrams.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/2/1/3'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00003-g002-550.jpg?1738561053" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Visual map of included studies cluster analysis.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/2/1/3'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extending-content content-ready"> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 756 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/2/pdf?version=1736511684" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="An Overview of Transgenic Mouse Models for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/2/1/2">An Overview of Transgenic Mouse Models for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paula Alexandra Lopes</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mafalda Soares Pádua</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>José L. Guil-Guerrero</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>2</em>(1), 2; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2010002">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2010002</a> - 10 Jan 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and no cure is currently available. The β-amyloid cascade of AD and neurofibrillary tangles are the basis of the current understanding of AD pathogenesis, driving drug investigation and other discoveries. Up until now, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/2/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and no cure is currently available. The β-amyloid cascade of AD and neurofibrillary tangles are the basis of the current understanding of AD pathogenesis, driving drug investigation and other discoveries. Up until now, no AD models have entirely validated the β-amyloid cascade hypothesis. AD models must be capable of recapitulating the critical events of this pathology, including β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The development of plaques is probably derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) mutations, while the tangle-like pathology is determined by tau mutations. Transgenic mouse models struggle to replicate the entire spectrum of AD, particularly neuronal death stemming from β-amyloid and tau pathologies. Furthermore, the success of these transgenic mice often relies on the overexpression of APP transgenes enclosing FAD-associated mutations at levels beyond physiological. Ultimate species-specific discrepancies in genome and protein composition between the human and the mouse may hinder the accurate recapitulation of AD pathological events in mouse models. Although none of the AD models fully mirrors human pathology, these experimental in vivo animal models have provided valuable insights into β-amyloid toxicity and the overall pathophysiological basis of AD. Therefore, these experimental models have been widely used in the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic strategies and have played a pivotal role in the development of immunotherapies for AD. In this review, we sum up the main transgenic mouse models used for AD research, whether they are APP mutation-based mice, APP plus presenilin mutation-based mice, or tau mutation-based mice. The specific characteristics of each mouse model and the significance of their use for AD research, focusing on their current advantages and disadvantages, as well as on the progress made and the forthcoming challenges in replicating this neurodegenerative disease, are also highlighted. <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/2">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/2/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1564354-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00002-g001-550.jpg?1736511752" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1564354-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00002-g001-550.jpg?1736511752" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Tg mouse models for AD research.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/2/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 726 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/1/pdf?version=1735557329" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Fidelity Assessment Tool for a Dementia Carers’ Group-Psychotherapy Intervention" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/2/1/1">Fidelity Assessment Tool for a Dementia Carers’ Group-Psychotherapy Intervention</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mary Chiu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Laura J. Nelles</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Virginia Wesson</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andrea Lawson</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Joel Sadavoy</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>2</em>(1), 1; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2010001">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad2010001</a> - 30 Dec 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Context:</b> The systematic evaluation of a practitioner’s adherence to and competence in delivering psychotherapeutic interventions can be complex. This study describes the development of a fidelity assessment tool for the Reitman Centre CARERS Program (RCCP), a carer group-psychotherapy intervention with multiple didactic and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/1/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Context:</b> The systematic evaluation of a practitioner’s adherence to and competence in delivering psychotherapeutic interventions can be complex. This study describes the development of a fidelity assessment tool for the Reitman Centre CARERS Program (RCCP), a carer group-psychotherapy intervention with multiple didactic and clinical components. The tool’s value in informing psychotherapy training and best practices for practitioners from diverse professional settings is examined. <b>Methods:</b> The RCCP Fidelity Assessment Tool (RCCP-FAT) was developed following an iterative process of item writing and checking. Seven components of the RCCP—Group Structure, Dementia Education, Problem-Solving Techniques, Therapeutic Simulation, Vertical Cohesion, Horizontal Cohesion, and Overall Global Rating—were assessed, with three to eight items, and a “global score” assigned to each. Fifteen trained raters were paired up to rate 36 RCCP sessions using the RCCP-FAT. Rater agreement, correlation between itemized and global scores, and correlation between global ratings and RCCP participants’ satisfaction were calculated. <b>Results:</b> A total of 1188 RCCP-FAT items were rated by each of the two rater groups. Rater agreement was calculated to be 54.3% (κ = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.02681–0.3729). A positive correlation was found between the itemized and global scoring for four RCCP components evaluated (R = 0.833 to 0.929; <i>p</i> < 0.01). The global score and the participants’ satisfaction with “Simulation” was also positively correlated (R = 0.626, <i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> The study provided evidence for fair rater agreement for all RCCP-FAT assessment items. More importantly, the process of developing the tool systematically crystallized the clinical elements of the RCCP and helped to standardize the training methods by creating a framework for providing feedback to learners that matches the items on the RCCP-FAT. The use of the RCCP-FAT to guide the training and mentoring of incoming group leaders is essential in the scaling and dissemination of a complex training method like the RCCP to ensure fidelity to the original evidence-based intervention. <a href="/3042-4518/2/1/1">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/2/1/1/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1556886"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1556886"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1556886" data-cycle-prev="#prev1556886" data-cycle-progressive="#images1556886" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1556886-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00001/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00001-g001-550.jpg?1735557439" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1556886" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1556886-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00001/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00001-g002-550.jpg?1735557440'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1556886-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00001/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00001-g001-550.jpg?1735557439" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Scoring descriptors and criteria for “Problem-Solving Techniques”, a key component of the RCCP; GL = Group Leader.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/2/1/1'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-02-00001/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-02-00001-g002-550.jpg?1735557440" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The study design.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/2/1/1'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 523 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/8/pdf?version=1730888076" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A-State-of-the-Art Review" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/2/8">Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A-State-of-the-Art Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Abdul Jalil Shah</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Younis Dar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bisma Jan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Insha Qadir</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Reyaz Hassan Mir</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jasreen Uppal</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Noor Zaheer Ahmad</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mubashir Hussain Masoodi</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(2), 109-125; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020008">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020008</a> - 6 Nov 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder that is more prevalent in developed nations and remains one of most intractable conditions so far. It is characterized by a gradual onset, a prolonged progression, and an unclear pathophysiology. At the present time, there are <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/8/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a brain disorder that is more prevalent in developed nations and remains one of most intractable conditions so far. It is characterized by a gradual onset, a prolonged progression, and an unclear pathophysiology. At the present time, there are no effective treatments available for the disease. However, human neural stem cells (hNSCs) have the capacity to substitute lost neurons in a functional manner, strengthen synaptic networks that have been compromised, and repair the damaged brain. Due to the unavailability of restorative therapeutics, there is a significant global burden on the economy. When it comes to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, NSCs provide a potentially game-changing approach to treating Alzheimer’s disease. Through the delivery of trophic factors that promote the viability and regeneration of lost neurons in experimental animals suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, these treatments have the potential to facilitate beneficial recuperation. Positive restorative outcomes may be achieved in a variety of ways, including the replacement of lost cells, the combining of cells, the secretion of neurotrophic factors, the formation of endogenous stem cells, and transdifferentiation. Conversely, there are obstacles that need to be overcome before NSC-based treatments can be used in clinical settings. This review article discusses current developments in the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, we highlight the difficulties and opportunities that are involved with the use of neural stem cell transplant treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/8">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/jdad/special_issues/BC949MQ724 ">Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/8/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1515123"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1515123"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1515123" data-cycle-prev="#prev1515123" data-cycle-progressive="#images1515123" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1515123-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00008/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00008-ag-550.jpg?1730888159" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1515123" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1515123-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00008/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00008-g001-550.jpg?1730888155'><p>Figure 1</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1515123-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00008/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00008-ag-550.jpg?1730888159" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/8'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00008/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00008-g001-550.jpg?1730888155" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Neural stem cell transplantation and mechanism of cognitive impairment restoration.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/8'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1503041" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1503041" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1503041" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/7/s1?version=1729498419"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 161 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 487 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/7/pdf?version=1730719980" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Analytic Challenges in Clinical Trials of Early Alzheimer’s Disease" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/2/7">Analytic Challenges in Clinical Trials of Early Alzheimer’s Disease</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Craig H. Mallinckrodt</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ilya Lipkovich</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Suzanne B. Hendrix</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Samuel P. Dickson</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Geert Molenberghs</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(2), 98-108; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020007">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020007</a> - 21 Oct 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background:</b> The heavily right-skewed data seen in recently reported Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials influenced treatment contrasts when data were analyzed via the typical mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). <b>Methods</b>: An MMRM analysis similar to what is commonly used in AD <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/7/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background:</b> The heavily right-skewed data seen in recently reported Alzheimer’s disease (AD) clinical trials influenced treatment contrasts when data were analyzed via the typical mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM). <b>Methods</b>: An MMRM analysis similar to what is commonly used in AD clinical trials was compared versus robust regression (RR) and the non-parametric Hodges–Lehman estimator (HL). <b>Results</b>: Results in simulated data patterned after AD trials showed that imbalance across treatment arms in the number of patients in the extreme right tail (those with rapid disease progression) frequently occurred. Each analysis method controlled Type I error at or below the nominal level. The RR analysis yielded smaller standard errors and more power than MMRM and HL. In data sets with appreciable imbalance in the number of rapid progressing patients, MMRM results favored the treatment arm with fewer rapid progressors. Results from HL showed the same trend but to a lesser degree. Robust regression yielded similar results regardless of the ratio of rapid progressors. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although more research is needed over a wider range of scenarios, it should not be assumed that MMRM is the optimal approach for trials in early Alzheimer’s disease. <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/7">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/7/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1503041-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00007/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00007-g001-550.jpg?1730720152" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1503041-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00007/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00007-g001-550.jpg?1730720152" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of simulated outcomes from the Mixed_1 simulations. chg: changes; refers to outcome score changes from baseline.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/7'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 2734 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/6/pdf?version=1728976947" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label feature" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-feature" aria-expanded="false">Feature Paper</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/2/6">Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Syed-Abdul-Moiz Hasan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonisamy William James</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Farzeen M. Fazili</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Samiha Tarabishi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Namir M. Sheikh</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zahoor A. Shah</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(2), 87-97; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020006">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1020006</a> - 15 Oct 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a detrimental cellular phenomenon in the cells and is activated by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein accumulation activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive mechanism designed to mitigate cellular <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/6/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a detrimental cellular phenomenon in the cells and is activated by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the ER. The unfolded protein accumulation activates the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive mechanism designed to mitigate cellular stress by enhancing the ER’s protein-folding capacity and protecting cells from apoptotic stimuli in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. However, chronic ER stress and prolonged activation of the UPR can have adverse effects, including the activation of pro-apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways, which contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases are complex and devastating conditions with underlying pathogenesis that are not fully understood. Genetic mutations leading to the accumulation of misfolded or phosphorylated tau proteins and amyloid-beta in the ER can induce ER stress, resulting in neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Several studies have reported the involvement of increased ER stress and UPR signaling proteins in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, inhibiting ER stress and neuroinflammation and targeting their associated signaling pathways represent a significant area of research interest. This review discusses the critical signaling molecules involved in ER stress, their mechanisms in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and the latest developments in the available ER stress inhibitors. Despite the extensive development of ER stress inhibitors over the years, only a limited number have been approved as pharmaceutical drugs. There remains a critical need for effective ER stress inhibitors to provide efficient treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. <a href="/3042-4518/1/2/6">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/2/6/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1498883"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1498883"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1498883" data-cycle-prev="#prev1498883" data-cycle-progressive="#images1498883" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1498883-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g001-550.jpg?1728977044" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1498883" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1498883-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g002-550.jpg?1728977046'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1498883-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g003-550.jpg?1728977048'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1498883-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g001-550.jpg?1728977044" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>ER stress mechanisms for unfolded protein response (UPR). Created in BioRender. Hasan, S. (2024) BioRender.com/r17z787.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/6'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g002-550.jpg?1728977046" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>ER stress inhibitor mechanisms. Created in BioRender. Hasan, S. (2024) BioRender.com/h13k351.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/6'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00006/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00006-g003-550.jpg?1728977048" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>ER Stress and Alzheimer’s disease. Hasan, S. (2024) BioRender.com/p01u830.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/2/6'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 1172 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/5/pdf?version=1727077246" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Information Recognition and Recall in Older Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label feature" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-feature" aria-expanded="false">Feature Paper</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/1/5">Information Recognition and Recall in Older Adults Bearing Vascular Risk Factors with or without Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Glykeria Tsentidou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Despina Moraitou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elvira Masoura</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Panayiota Metallidou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Efstathios Papadopoulos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vasileios Papaliagkas</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Magda Tsolaki</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(1), 72-86; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010005">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010005</a> - 23 Sep 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Episodic memory is affected early and is a basic indication of neurodegeneration especially for Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether adults with vascular risk factors are differentiated in their episodic memory performance from individuals with mild cognitive impairment <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/5/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Episodic memory is affected early and is a basic indication of neurodegeneration especially for Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this study was to examine whether adults with vascular risk factors are differentiated in their episodic memory performance from individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The episodic memory of adults diagnosed with MCI, adults with vascular risk factors (VRF; blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolemia), and healthy controls was assessed using the Doors and People test. Statistical processing included mediation analyses which were performed separately for the VRF and healthy control groups, and the MCI and healthy control groups. ANOVA was used for the MCI and VRF groups which were matched in age and education. ANOVA showed that the MCI adults had significantly lower performance than the VRF adults in verbal recall only, F (1, 83) = 9.541, <i>p</i> = 0.003, and η<sub>p</sub><sup>2</sup> = 0.10. A direct effect of diagnosis on verbal recall was found via mediation analysis as concerns individuals with MCI and healthy controls, b = 0.506, SE = 0.128, <i>p</i> < 0.001, and 95%CI: 0.221–0.771, in favor of the healthy controls. Concerning the VRF and healthy groups, a tendency of diagnosis to directly affect verbal recall was shown (α = 0.005) in favor of the healthy controls, b = 0.388, SE = 0.150, <i>p</i> = 0.010, and 95%CI: 0.043–0.720. In conclusion, it is supported that patients with MCI present deficit performance in verbal recall; in addition, the diagnostic category affects all the groups’ performance on the same condition. These results indicated that the verbal recall aspect of episodic memory can be a sensitive indicator that can differentiate healthy adults from adults with mild cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors, as well as the two pathological groups from each other. <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/5">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/5/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1483358"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1483358"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1483358" data-cycle-prev="#prev1483358" data-cycle-progressive="#images1483358" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1483358-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g001-550.jpg?1727077312" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1483358" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1483358-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g002-550.jpg?1727077313'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1483358-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g003-550.jpg?1727077314'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1483358-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g001-550.jpg?1727077312" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Mean scores for all the subtests of the Doors and People tool for the three diagnostic groups. (* <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.005).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/5'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g002-550.jpg?1727077313" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Path model indicating the direct and indirect effects of diagnosis on memory subtests’ performance in the VRF and healthy control groups. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> = 0.01; the paths that indicate significant associations are marked with *.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/5'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00005/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00005-g003-550.jpg?1727077314" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Path model indicating the direct and indirect effects of diagnosis (MCI and healthy controls) on memory subtests’ performance. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001; the paths that indicate significant associations are marked with *.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/5'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 405 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/4/pdf?version=1722505258" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Aging, Age-Related Diseases, and the Zebrafish Model" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label feature" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-feature" aria-expanded="false">Feature Paper</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/1/4">Aging, Age-Related Diseases, and the Zebrafish Model</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mariam Sami Abou-Dahech</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Frederick E. Williams</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(1), 48-71; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010004">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010004</a> - 30 Jul 2024 </div> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/4#metrics">Cited by 1</a> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The entrance of cells into a permanent state of cell cycle arrest with the ability to resist apoptosis is termed “cellular senescence”. The accumulation of senescent cells within the body can lead to tissue aging and the dysfunction of organs. Whether due to <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/4/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The entrance of cells into a permanent state of cell cycle arrest with the ability to resist apoptosis is termed “cellular senescence”. The accumulation of senescent cells within the body can lead to tissue aging and the dysfunction of organs. Whether due to external stressors or the passage of time, aging is an inevitable process that afflicts every living being. Current studies that investigate aging rely on the use of cells or rodent models. Although cells present a cost-effective and quick way to analyze aging, they lack the complexity of whole-body systems and therefore require the use of an <i>in vivo</i> model post-<i>in vitro</i> assays. The zebrafish, <i>Danio rerio</i>, presents a cost-effective model with quick development and large numbers of offspring. These fish share 70% similarity of their genes with humans, including genes known to be associated with human diseases, such as those diseases of aging and/or senescence, like Alzheimer’s disease. Major tissues and organs of humans are also found in these fish, and therefore, zebrafish can serve as a useful model when studying diseases, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and other disorders. In this review, we will discuss some of the major senescence biomarkers and detection methods, as well as discuss how zebrafish models can be used for the study of aging and age-related disorders. <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/4">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/jdad/special_issues/BC949MQ724 ">Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 1121 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/3/pdf?version=1720082182" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Unraveling Alzheimer’s: Exploring the Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis as a New Frontier in Understanding" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/1/3">Unraveling Alzheimer’s: Exploring the Gut Microbiota–Brain Axis as a New Frontier in Understanding</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shahzada Mudasir Rashid</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rahil Razak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aabid Khaliq Tantray</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonisamy William James</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nuzhat Showkat</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Faheem Shehjar</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fatimah Jan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sheikh Bilal Ahmad</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andleeb Khan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zahoor A. Shah</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(1), 22-47; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010003">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010003</a> - 23 Jun 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The gut microbiota (GM) communicates with the brain via biochemical signaling constituting the gut–brain axis, which significantly regulates the body’s physiological processes. The GM dysbiosis can impact the digestive system and the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) linked to the onset <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/3/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The gut microbiota (GM) communicates with the brain via biochemical signaling constituting the gut–brain axis, which significantly regulates the body’s physiological processes. The GM dysbiosis can impact the digestive system and the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) linked to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the scientific data compiled from diverse sources primarily emphasize the neuropathological characteristics linked to the accumulation of modified insoluble proteins (such as β-amyloid peptides and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the potential impact of gut microbiota (GM) on AD susceptibility or resilience. The specific GM profile of human beings may serve as an essential tool for preventing or progressing neurodegenerative diseases like AD. This review focuses mainly on the effect of gut microfauna on the gut–brain axis in the onset and progression of AD. The GM produces various bioactive molecules that may serve as proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory signaling, contributing directly or indirectly to the repression or progression of neurodegenerative disorders by modulating the response of the brain axis. Human studies must focus on further understanding the gut–brain axis and venture to clarify microbiota-based therapeutic strategies for AD. <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/3">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/jdad/special_issues/BC949MQ724 ">Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/3/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1420480"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1420480"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1420480" data-cycle-prev="#prev1420480" data-cycle-progressive="#images1420480" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1420480-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00003-g001-550.jpg?1720082278" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1420480" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1420480-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00003-g002-550.jpg?1720082280'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1420480-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00003-g001-550.jpg?1720082278" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Integrative physiology of MGB axis [CNS-central Nervous System, ENS-Enteric Nervous System, HPA-Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/3'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00003/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00003-g002-550.jpg?1720082280" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Illustrative diagram represents the microbial gut dysbiosis leading to production of proinflammatory cytokines, nonindispensible harmful metabolites and changes in neurotransmitter production that contribute toward the development of AD. The metabolite diversity in gut dysbiosis increases the intestinal permeability and mucous secretion due to the disruption of tight junctions and inflammation of epithelial intestinal cells, respectively. Such metabolites may serve as biomarkers for development of AD in serum and feces. The Aβ and tau proteins that travel via the vagus nerve and are produced from GMD are also responsible for development of AD. (AD, Azhiemer’s Disease; GMD, gut microbial dysbiosis; Aβ, amyloid beta, PIC, proinflammatory cytokines; SCFA, short chain fatty acids; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; BBB, blood–brain barrier).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/3'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 17923 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/2/pdf?version=1719055005" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Tiny Carriers, Tremendous Hope: Nanomedicine in the Fight against Parkinson’s" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/1/2">Tiny Carriers, Tremendous Hope: Nanomedicine in the Fight against Parkinson’s</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nitu Dogra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruchi Jakhmola Mani</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Deepshikha Pande Katare</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(1), 3-21; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010002">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010002</a> - 22 Jun 2024 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain. While current treatments such as dopamine replacement with levodopa and deep brain stimulation <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/2/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons and the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain. While current treatments such as dopamine replacement with levodopa and deep brain stimulation mainly manage symptoms and do not stop disease progression, recent advancements in nanomedicine provide promising new therapy options. These include drug-loaded nanocarriers that improve drug delivery to the brain, enhancing effectiveness and reducing side effects. This review explores novel nanomedical approaches like solid lipid nanocarriers (SLNs), which could improve drug profiles and decrease the adverse effects seen with traditional PD treatments. Additionally, it discusses the challenge of crossing the blood–brain barrier, which is crucial for treating central nervous system disorders, and how nanocarriers facilitate targeted brain delivery. Despite these advancements, the review emphasizes more research into the safety and long-term impacts of nanomedicine in PD, highlighting the challenge of moving these treatments from lab to clinical use. <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/2">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/jdad/special_issues/BC949MQ724 ">Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/3042-4518/1/1/2/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1420392"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1420392"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1420392" data-cycle-prev="#prev1420392" data-cycle-progressive="#images1420392" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-ag-550.jpg?1719055584" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1420392" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g001-550.jpg?1719055575'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g002-550.jpg?1719055578'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g003-550.jpg?1719055580'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g004-550.jpg?1719055582'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1420392-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g005-550.jpg?1719055584'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1420392-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-ag-550.jpg?1719055584" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g001-550.jpg?1719055575" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The image highlights key features of PD, including Lewy body formation, which involves the accumulation of abnormal α–syn protein. Neuroinflammation, driven by activated microglia and astrocytes, contributes to neuronal damage. Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) leads to the buildup of toxic proteins. Synaptic disruption impairs neurotransmission, exacerbating motor and cognitive symptoms. Neurodegeneration, particularly the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, underlies the disease’s characteristic motor deficits.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g002-550.jpg?1719055578" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Therapeutic approaches for PD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g003-550.jpg?1719055580" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>This detailed representation explains how mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive ROS production lead to oxidative stress, impair cellular energy metabolism, disrupt calcium homeostasis, and trigger inflammatory responses, culminating in the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the characteristic symptoms of PD.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g004-550.jpg?1719055582" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Schematic representation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and molecule transport mechanisms.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jdad/jdad-01-00002/article_deploy/html/images/jdad-01-00002-g005-550.jpg?1719055584" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Diagrammatic representation of solid lipid nanocarriers.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/3042-4518/1/1/2'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="expanding-div collapsed"> <div class="generic-item article-item"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 2 pages, 324 KiB   </span> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/1/pdf?version=1718958127" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Introduction to a New Open Access Journal by MDPI: Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease" data-journal="jdad"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Editorial</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/3042-4518/1/1/1">Introduction to a New Open Access Journal by MDPI: <i>Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease</i></a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Magda Tsolaki</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</em> <b>2024</b>, <em>1</em>(1), 1-2; <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010001">https://doi.org/10.3390/jdad1010001</a> - 21 Jun 2024 </div> <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/1#metrics">Cited by 1</a> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-full inline"> We are delighted to introduce a new journal dedicated to exploring various forms of dementia, with a specific focus on Alzheimer’s disease [...] <a href="/3042-4518/1/1/1">Full article</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=jdad&sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container"> <a href="/journal/jdad"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jdad-logo.png?b79e0a548159b03f" alt="jdad-logo" title="Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease" style="max-height: 60px; margin: 0 0 0 0;"> </a> <div class="generic-item no-border" style="position: relative;"> <div class=""> <a class="button button--color button--color-journal button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link js-journal-active-only-submit-link UC_JournalSubmitButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?form[journal_id]=594" data-disabledmessage="creating new submissions is not possible."> Submit to <i>JDAD</i> </a> <a class="button button--color button--full-width js-journal-active-only-link UC_JournalReviewButton" href="https://susy.mdpi.com/volunteer/journals/review" data-disabledmessage="volunteering as journal reviewer is not possible."> Review for <em>JDAD</em> </a> </div> <div class="journal-share-links"> <div class="journal-share-links-social"> <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess"> <svg width="25" height="26" viewBox="0 0 1200 1227" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="padding: 6px;"> <path d="M714.163 519.284L1160.89 0H1055.03L667.137 450.887L357.328 0H0L468.492 681.821L0 1226.37H105.866L515.491 750.218L842.672 1226.37H1200L714.137 519.284H714.163ZM569.165 687.828L521.697 619.934L144.011 79.6944H306.615L611.412 515.685L658.88 583.579L1055.08 1150.3H892.476L569.165 687.854V687.828Z" fill="black" /> </svg> </a> <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing"> <svg width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="margin-top: 1px; margin-bottom: -2px; margin-left: 1px;"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.1193 20.3917V13.0007H16.1262L16.3921 10.4537H14.1193L14.1228 9.17886C14.1228 8.51456 14.1848 8.15862 15.1233 8.15862H16.3779V5.61133H14.3708C11.96 5.61133 11.1114 6.8469 11.1114 8.92474V10.4539H9.60864V13.0009H11.1114V20.3917H14.1193Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> <a class="button button--color UA_JournalShareButtons" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi/mycompany"> <svg width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 26 26" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.43155 10.0654H6.26343V19.5981H9.43155V10.0654Z" fill="black"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.64005 7.11532C9.61949 6.18065 8.95207 5.46875 7.86827 5.46875C6.78448 5.46875 6.07593 6.18065 6.07593 7.11532C6.07593 8.03064 6.76353 8.76304 7.82715 8.76304H7.84739C8.95207 8.76304 9.64005 8.03064 9.64005 7.11532Z" fill="black"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20.8571 14.1306C20.8571 11.2026 19.2942 9.83984 17.2094 9.83984C15.5274 9.83984 14.7743 10.7651 14.3538 11.4142V10.0639H11.1853C11.2271 10.9584 11.1853 19.5966 11.1853 19.5966H14.3538V14.2728C14.3538 13.9879 14.3744 13.7037 14.4581 13.4997C14.6871 12.9305 15.2084 12.3412 16.0837 12.3412C17.2306 12.3412 17.689 13.2154 17.689 14.4964V19.5964H20.857L20.8571 14.1306Z" fill="black"/> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="journal-share-links-generic"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width UA_JournalShareButtons" href="#" data-reveal-id="main-share-modal"> Share </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item condensed-small UI_JournalMenu"> <h2 class="show-for-medium-up">Journal Menu</h2> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-journal-menu show-for-small"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Journal Menu </a> <ul class="accordion__dummy accordion__menu hide-small-down-initially" style="margin-top: 10px;"> <li class="accordion-navigation accordion-navigation__journal"> <ul> <li class="side-menu-li active "> <a href="/journal/jdad"><em>JDAD</em> Home </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/about">Aims & Scope</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/editors"> Editorial Board </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/instructions">Instructions for Authors</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/special_issues">Special Issues</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/topics?journal=jdad">Topics</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/apc">Article Processing Charge</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/indexing">Indexing & Archiving</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/history">Journal History</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/journal/jdad/editorial_office">Editorial Office</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <h2 class="show-for-medium-up">Journal Browser</h2> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-journal-browser show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Journal Browser </a> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item last-item no-border"> <form method="post" action="/journal/jdad" id="qckvi" onsubmit="return !$('#journal-browser-go').hasClass('button--grey');"> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Volume"> <select id="journal-browser-volume" name="volume" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0;" class="chosen-select"> <option value='' data-id="0">volume</option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="jdad" value="2"> 2 </option> <option onclick="$('#journal-browser-namesystem').val($(this).data('namesystem'));" data-namesystem="jdad" value="1"> 1 </option> </select> </div> <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;" class="UI_JournalBrowser_Issue"> <select id="journal-browser-issue" name="issue" style="width: 100%; margin-bottom: 0;" class="chosen-select"> <option value='' class="volume-0">issue</option> <option value="1" class="volume-2" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="1" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 1 </option> <option value="2" class="volume-1" style="display: none;"> 2 </option> </select> </div> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="LyjXECopNrOygiqvnhswSWpgZCtG6_XBvvV1e8c8RWQ"> <input type="hidden" id="journal-browser-namesystem" name="namesystem" value="jdad"> <input type="hidden" name="getIssueByVI" value="1"> <input type="submit" id="journal-browser-go" value="Go" style="" class="button button--grey button--full-width UI_JournalBrowser_GoButton"> </form> <div style="clear:both;"></div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item first-item no-border"> <ul class="side-menu-ul"> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__padded"> <a href="/3042-4518/2/1"> <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block"> arrow_forward_ios </i> <strong>Forthcoming issue</strong> </a> <br/> <a href="/3042-4518/1/2"> <i class="material-icons arrow" style="display: inline-block"> arrow_forward_ios </i> <strong>Current issue</strong> </a> </li> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class=""> <div class="journal-browser-volumes "> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/3042-4518/2"> Vol. 2 (2025) </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li"> <a href="/3042-4518/1"> Vol. 1 (2024) </a> </li> </div> </div> </div> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div class="content__container banner-container" style="padding:0px;"> <div> <div class="generic-item1"> <div id="bestAwardPaperAD" style="padding: 0px; width: 100%;"> <div id="banner1" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="4" data-repeat-interval="10" style="width: 100%; padding:0px;margin:0px;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/journal/ajax/most_accessed_articles/594"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Highly Accessed Articles</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="last-item generic-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?q=&journal=jdad&sort=articles_stats_art_view_page&page_count=50">View More...</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container extending-content" data-url="/journal/ajax/latest_books/jdad"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2 class="show-for-small-only">Latest Books</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/books_logo_new.svg?76e680e5363e99ba?1738315387"> <div class="last-item generic-item"> <a class="bold" href="https://www.mdpi.com/books/search?type%5B%5D=Reprint&journal_facet%5B%5D=Journal+of+Dementia+and+Alzheimer%27s+Disease" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">More Books and Reprints...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-column" class="content__column large-25 medium-3 small-12 columns"> <div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>E-Mail Alert</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div id="journal-alerts" class="generic-item last-item no-border condensed-small"> <form method="post" action="/subscribe" id="subscribeForm" style="margin:0; padding:0;" onsubmit="return false;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 5px;">Add your e-mail address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal:</div> <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter Your E-Mail Address..." required="required"> <input name="journals[]" type="hidden" value="jdad"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="P3Gyvpwx3uZiEnXUMFFNcPsdyjfPAW2sPYvCM_Oeez4"> <input id="Email-Subscribe" class="button button--color button--full-width genericCaptcha UA_JournalSubscribeButton" name="email-button" value="Subscribe" type="submit"> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>News</h2> </div> <div class="target-item custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item news-item no-border"> <span class="text-information">21 January 2025</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/journal/jdad/announcements/10274"><strong>MDPI’s Newly Launched Journals in December 2024</strong></a> </div> <div class="generic-item news-item "> <span class="text-information">7 January 2025</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/journal/jdad/announcements/10114">MDPI INSIGHTS: The CEO's Letter #19 - Reflecting on 2024, Society Journals, OA Germany</a> </div> <div class="generic-item news-item "> <span class="text-information">17 December 2024</span> <br/> <a class="title-link" href="/journal/jdad/announcements/9999"><strong>Over 100 German Universities Partner with MDPI in New National Agreement</strong></a> <a href="/journal/jdad/announcements/9999"><img style="margin: 5px 0; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/announcement/9999.jpg?1738315387" /></a> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item UI_NewsAnnounce"> <a class="bold" href="/journal/jdad/announcements">More News & Announcements...</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container selected-special-issues"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Topics</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item button-type no-border"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/topics/proposal"> Propose a Topic </a> </div> <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times"> Topic in <span class="text-information italics times">Brain Sciences</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">Neurology International</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">NeuroSci</span>, <span class="text-information italics times">JDAD</span></span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/topics/GT8U4A8X9R"> Impacts of Sex Hormones on Memory and Aging </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Topic Editors: Carolina Villada, Vanesa Hidalgo<br/></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 25 September 2025</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="show-for-medium-up"> <div id="adBannerContent" class="content__container banner-container" style="text-align:center;"> <div id="banner2" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="2" data-repeat-interval="10" style="height: 600px; width: 160px; position: relative; margin: 0 auto;"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/loading_circle.gif?9a82694213036313?1738315387" alt="loading..." style="position: absolute;top: 50%;left: 50%;"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="show-for-small"> <div class="content__container banner-container"> <div id="adBannerContentMobile" style="margin-bottom: 15px; padding: 0px; width: 100%;"> <div id="banner3" class="adserver-banner" data-zone="7" style="width: 100%;"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Conferences</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item button-type no-border"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/events/add"> Announce Your Conference </a> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a href="/journal/jdad/events" class="bold">More Conferences...</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content__container selected-special-issues"> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link"> <h2>Special Issues</h2> </div> <div class="custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content show-for-medium-up"> <div class="generic-item button-type no-border"> <a class="button button--color button--full-width submit-manuscript" href="/journalproposal/sendproposalspecialissue/jdad" data-path="/journal/jdad"> Propose a Special Issue </a> </div> <div class="generic-item"><div><span class="text-information times"> Special Issue in </span><span class="text-information italics times">JDAD</span></div><a class="title-link bold" href="/journal/jdad/special_issues/BC949MQ724"> Novel Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders </a><span class="text-information color-grey-dark">Guest Editors: Zahoor Shah, Faheem Shehjar<br/></span><span class="text-information highlight">Deadline: 28 February 2025</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="column-padding"></div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="footer"> <div class="journal-info"> <span> <em><a class="Var_JournalInfo" href="/journal/jdad">J. Dement. Alzheimer's Dis.</a></em>, EISSN 3042-4518, Published by MDPI </span> <div class="large-right"> <span> <a href="/rss/journal/jdad" class="rss-link">RSS</a> </span> <span> <a href="/journal/jdad/toc-alert">Content Alert</a> </span> </div> </div> <div class="row full-width footer-links" data-equalizer="footer" data-equalizer-mq="small"> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Further Information </h3> <a href="/apc"> Article Processing Charges </a> <a href="/about/payment"> Pay an Invoice </a> <a href="/openaccess"> Open Access Policy </a> <a href="/about/contact"> Contact MDPI </a> <a href="https://careers.mdpi.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Jobs at MDPI </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns" data-equalizer-watch="footer"> <h3> Guidelines </h3> <a href="/authors"> For Authors </a> <a href="/reviewers"> For Reviewers </a> <a href="/editors"> For Editors </a> <a href="/librarians"> For Librarians </a> <a href="/publishing_services"> For Publishers </a> <a href="/societies"> For Societies </a> <a href="/conference_organizers"> For Conference Organizers </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 columns"> <h3> MDPI Initiatives </h3> <a href="https://sciforum.net" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Sciforum </a> <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/books" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> MDPI Books </a> <a href="https://www.preprints.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Preprints.org </a> <a href="https://www.scilit.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Scilit </a> <a href="https://sciprofiles.com?utm_source=mpdi.com&utm_medium=bottom_menu&utm_campaign=initiative" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> SciProfiles </a> <a href="https://encyclopedia.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Encyclopedia </a> <a href="https://jams.pub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> JAMS </a> <a href="/about/proceedings"> Proceedings Series </a> </div> <div class="large-2 large-push-4 medium-3 small-6 right-border-large-without columns UA_FooterFollowMDPI"> <h3> Follow MDPI </h3> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/mdpi" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> LinkedIn </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/MDPIOpenAccessPublishing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Facebook </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/MDPIOpenAccess" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Twitter </a> </div> <div id="footer-subscribe" class="large-4 large-pull-8 medium-12 small-12 left-border-large columns"> <div class="footer-subscribe__container"> <img class="show-for-large-up" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/design/mdpi-pub-logo-white-small.png?71d18e5f805839ab?1738315387" alt="MDPI" title="MDPI Open Access Journals" style="height: 50px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <form id="newsletter" method="POST" action="/subscribe"> <p> Subscribe to receive issue release notifications and newsletters from MDPI journals </p> <select multiple id="newsletter-journal" class="foundation-select" name="journals[]"> <option value="acoustics">Acoustics</option> <option value="amh">Acta Microbiologica Hellenica</option> <option value="actuators">Actuators</option> <option value="adhesives">Adhesives</option> <option value="admsci">Administrative Sciences</option> <option value="adolescents">Adolescents</option> <option value="arm">Advances in Respiratory Medicine</option> <option value="aerobiology">Aerobiology</option> <option value="aerospace">Aerospace</option> <option value="agriculture">Agriculture</option> <option value="agriengineering">AgriEngineering</option> <option value="agrochemicals">Agrochemicals</option> <option value="agronomy">Agronomy</option> <option value="ai">AI</option> <option value="air">Air</option> <option value="algorithms">Algorithms</option> <option value="allergies">Allergies</option> <option value="alloys">Alloys</option> <option value="analytica">Analytica</option> <option value="analytics">Analytics</option> <option value="anatomia">Anatomia</option> <option value="anesthres">Anesthesia Research</option> <option value="animals">Animals</option> <option value="antibiotics">Antibiotics</option> <option value="antibodies">Antibodies</option> <option value="antioxidants">Antioxidants</option> <option value="applbiosci">Applied Biosciences</option> <option value="applmech">Applied Mechanics</option> <option value="applmicrobiol">Applied Microbiology</option> <option value="applnano">Applied Nano</option> <option value="applsci">Applied Sciences</option> <option value="asi">Applied System Innovation</option> <option value="appliedchem">AppliedChem</option> <option value="appliedmath">AppliedMath</option> <option value="aquacj">Aquaculture Journal</option> <option value="architecture">Architecture</option> <option value="arthropoda">Arthropoda</option> <option value="arts">Arts</option> <option value="astronomy">Astronomy</option> <option value="atmosphere">Atmosphere</option> <option value="atoms">Atoms</option> <option value="audiolres">Audiology Research</option> <option value="automation">Automation</option> <option value="axioms">Axioms</option> <option value="bacteria">Bacteria</option> <option value="batteries">Batteries</option> <option value="behavsci">Behavioral Sciences</option> <option value="beverages">Beverages</option> <option value="BDCC">Big Data and Cognitive Computing</option> <option value="biochem">BioChem</option> <option value="bioengineering">Bioengineering</option> <option value="biologics">Biologics</option> <option value="biology">Biology</option> <option value="blsf">Biology and Life Sciences Forum</option> <option value="biomass">Biomass</option> <option value="biomechanics">Biomechanics</option> <option value="biomed">BioMed</option> <option value="biomedicines">Biomedicines</option> <option value="biomedinformatics">BioMedInformatics</option> <option value="biomimetics">Biomimetics</option> <option value="biomolecules">Biomolecules</option> <option value="biophysica">Biophysica</option> <option value="biosensors">Biosensors</option> <option value="biosphere">Biosphere</option> <option value="biotech">BioTech</option> <option value="birds">Birds</option> <option value="blockchains">Blockchains</option> <option value="brainsci">Brain Sciences</option> <option value="buildings">Buildings</option> <option value="businesses">Businesses</option> <option value="carbon">C</option> <option value="cancers">Cancers</option> <option value="cardiogenetics">Cardiogenetics</option> <option value="catalysts">Catalysts</option> <option value="cells">Cells</option> <option value="ceramics">Ceramics</option> <option value="challenges">Challenges</option> <option value="ChemEngineering">ChemEngineering</option> <option value="chemistry">Chemistry</option> <option value="chemproc">Chemistry Proceedings</option> <option value="chemosensors">Chemosensors</option> <option value="children">Children</option> <option value="chips">Chips</option> <option value="civileng">CivilEng</option> <option value="cleantechnol">Clean Technologies</option> <option value="climate">Climate</option> <option value="ctn">Clinical and Translational Neuroscience</option> <option value="clinbioenerg">Clinical Bioenergetics</option> <option value="clinpract">Clinics and Practice</option> <option value="clockssleep">Clocks & Sleep</option> <option value="coasts">Coasts</option> <option value="coatings">Coatings</option> <option value="colloids">Colloids and Interfaces</option> <option value="colorants">Colorants</option> <option value="commodities">Commodities</option> <option value="complications">Complications</option> <option value="compounds">Compounds</option> <option value="computation">Computation</option> <option value="csmf">Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum</option> <option value="computers">Computers</option> <option value="condensedmatter">Condensed Matter</option> <option value="conservation">Conservation</option> <option value="constrmater">Construction Materials</option> <option value="cmd">Corrosion and Materials Degradation</option> <option value="cosmetics">Cosmetics</option> <option value="covid">COVID</option> <option value="cmtr">Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction</option> <option value="crops">Crops</option> <option value="cryo">Cryo</option> <option value="cryptography">Cryptography</option> <option value="crystals">Crystals</option> <option value="cimb">Current Issues in Molecular Biology</option> <option value="curroncol">Current Oncology</option> <option value="dairy">Dairy</option> <option value="data">Data</option> <option value="dentistry">Dentistry Journal</option> <option value="dermato">Dermato</option> <option value="dermatopathology">Dermatopathology</option> <option value="designs">Designs</option> <option value="diabetology">Diabetology</option> <option value="diagnostics">Diagnostics</option> <option value="dietetics">Dietetics</option> <option value="digital">Digital</option> <option value="disabilities">Disabilities</option> <option value="diseases">Diseases</option> <option value="diversity">Diversity</option> <option value="dna">DNA</option> <option value="drones">Drones</option> <option value="ddc">Drugs and Drug Candidates</option> <option value="dynamics">Dynamics</option> <option value="earth">Earth</option> <option value="ecologies">Ecologies</option> <option value="econometrics">Econometrics</option> <option value="economies">Economies</option> <option value="education">Education Sciences</option> <option value="electricity">Electricity</option> <option value="electrochem">Electrochem</option> <option value="electronicmat">Electronic Materials</option> <option value="electronics">Electronics</option> <option value="ecm">Emergency Care and Medicine</option> <option value="encyclopedia">Encyclopedia</option> <option value="endocrines">Endocrines</option> <option value="energies">Energies</option> <option value="esa">Energy Storage and Applications</option> <option value="eng">Eng</option> <option value="engproc">Engineering Proceedings</option> <option value="entropy">Entropy</option> <option value="eesp">Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings</option> <option value="environments">Environments</option> <option value="epidemiologia">Epidemiologia</option> <option value="epigenomes">Epigenomes</option> <option value="ebj">European Burn Journal</option> <option value="ejihpe">European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education</option> <option value="fermentation">Fermentation</option> <option value="fibers">Fibers</option> <option value="fintech">FinTech</option> <option value="fire">Fire</option> <option value="fishes">Fishes</option> <option value="fluids">Fluids</option> <option value="foods">Foods</option> <option value="forecasting">Forecasting</option> <option value="forensicsci">Forensic Sciences</option> <option value="forests">Forests</option> <option value="fossstud">Fossil Studies</option> <option value="foundations">Foundations</option> <option value="fractalfract">Fractal and Fractional</option> <option value="fuels">Fuels</option> <option value="future">Future</option> <option value="futureinternet">Future Internet</option> <option value="futurepharmacol">Future Pharmacology</option> <option value="futuretransp">Future Transportation</option> <option value="galaxies">Galaxies</option> <option value="games">Games</option> <option value="gases">Gases</option> <option value="gastroent">Gastroenterology Insights</option> <option value="gastrointestdisord">Gastrointestinal Disorders</option> <option value="gastronomy">Gastronomy</option> <option value="gels">Gels</option> <option value="genealogy">Genealogy</option> <option value="genes">Genes</option> <option value="geographies">Geographies</option> <option value="geohazards">GeoHazards</option> <option value="geomatics">Geomatics</option> <option value="geometry">Geometry</option> <option value="geosciences">Geosciences</option> <option value="geotechnics">Geotechnics</option> <option value="geriatrics">Geriatrics</option> <option value="glacies">Glacies</option> <option value="gucdd">Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease</option> <option value="grasses">Grasses</option> <option value="greenhealth">Green Health</option> <option value="hardware">Hardware</option> <option value="healthcare">Healthcare</option> <option value="hearts">Hearts</option> <option value="hemato">Hemato</option> <option value="hematolrep">Hematology Reports</option> <option value="heritage">Heritage</option> <option value="histories">Histories</option> <option value="horticulturae">Horticulturae</option> <option value="hospitals">Hospitals</option> <option value="humanities">Humanities</option> <option value="humans">Humans</option> <option value="hydrobiology">Hydrobiology</option> <option value="hydrogen">Hydrogen</option> <option value="hydrology">Hydrology</option> <option value="hygiene">Hygiene</option> <option value="immuno">Immuno</option> <option value="idr">Infectious Disease Reports</option> <option value="informatics">Informatics</option> <option value="information">Information</option> <option value="infrastructures">Infrastructures</option> <option value="inorganics">Inorganics</option> <option value="insects">Insects</option> <option value="instruments">Instruments</option> <option value="iic">Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction</option> <option value="ijerph">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</option> <option value="ijfs">International Journal of Financial Studies</option> <option value="ijms">International Journal of Molecular Sciences</option> <option value="IJNS">International Journal of Neonatal Screening</option> <option value="ijom">International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy</option> <option value="ijpb">International Journal of Plant Biology</option> <option value="ijt">International Journal of Topology</option> <option value="ijtm">International Journal of Translational Medicine</option> <option value="ijtpp">International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power</option> <option value="ime">International Medical Education</option> <option value="inventions">Inventions</option> <option value="IoT">IoT</option> <option value="ijgi">ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information</option> <option value="J">J</option> <option value="jal">Journal of Ageing and Longevity</option> <option value="jcdd">Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease</option> <option value="jcto">Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology</option> <option value="jcm">Journal of Clinical Medicine</option> <option value="jcs">Journal of Composites Science</option> <option value="jcp">Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy</option> <option value="jdad">Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease</option> <option value="jdb">Journal of Developmental Biology</option> <option value="jeta">Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses</option> <option value="jemr">Journal of Eye Movement Research</option> <option value="jfb">Journal of Functional Biomaterials</option> <option value="jfmk">Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology</option> <option value="jof">Journal of Fungi</option> <option value="jimaging">Journal of Imaging</option> <option value="jintelligence">Journal of Intelligence</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy</option> <option value="jmms">Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="microwave">Microwave</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option> <option value="plants">Plants</option> <option value="plasma">Plasma</option> <option value="platforms">Platforms</option> <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option> <option value="polymers">Polymers</option> <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option> <option value="populations">Populations</option> <option value="poultry">Poultry</option> <option value="powders">Powders</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option> <option value="processes">Processes</option> <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option> <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option> <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option> <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option> <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option> <option value="publications">Publications</option> <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science</option> <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option> <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option> <option value="radiation">Radiation</option> <option value="reactions">Reactions</option> <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option> <option value="receptors">Receptors</option> <option value="recycling">Recycling</option> <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics</option> <option value="religions">Religions</option> <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option> <option value="reports">Reports</option> <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> <input name="email" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email address..." required="required" /> <button class="genericCaptcha button button--dark UA_FooterNewsletterSubscribeButton" type="submit">Subscribe</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer-copyright"> <div class="row"> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 text-left"> © 1996-2025 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated </div> <div class="columns large-6 medium-6 small-12 small-text-left medium-text-right large-text-right"> <a data-dropdown="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-controls="drop-view-disclaimer" aria-expanded="false" data-options="align:top; is_hover:true; hover_timeout:2000;"> Disclaimer </a> <div id="drop-view-disclaimer" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide text-left" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. </div> <a href="/about/terms-and-conditions"> Terms and Conditions </a> <a href="/about/privacy"> Privacy Policy </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="cookie-notification" class="js-allow-cookies" style="display: none;"> <div class="columns large-10 medium-10 small-12"> We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.<br class="show-for-medium-up"/> Read more about our cookies <a href="/about/privacy">here</a>. </div> <div class="columns large-2 medium-2 small-12 small-only-text-left text-right"> <a class="button button--default" href="/accept_cookies">Accept</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new reveal-modal-new--small" data-reveal aria-labelledby="modalTitle" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 style="margin: 0;">Share Link</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="social-media-links UA_ShareModalLinks" style="text-align: left;"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#0e31286f637e357d7b6c646b6d7a33487c61632b3c3e434a5e472b3d4f2b3c3e2b3c3c287f7b617a35286f637e356c616a7733667a7a7e7d34212179797920636a7e67206d61632164617b7c606f6221646a6f6a2b3d4f2b3e4f2b3e4f0404" title="Email"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=&hashtags=mdpijdad&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fjournal%2Fjdad&via=MDPIOpenAccess" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-twitter-x-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href=" http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com%2Fjournal%2Fjdad&title=%26source%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.mdpi.com" onclick="windowOpen(this.href,600,800); return false" title="LinkedIn" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-linkedin-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" title="facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-facebook-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="javascript:void(0);" title="Wechat" data-reveal-id="weixin-share-modal"> <i class="fa fa-weixin-square" style="font-size: 26px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" title="Reddit" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-reddit-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" title="Mendeley" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-mendeley-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> <a href="http://www.citeulike.org/posturl?url=https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" title="CiteULike" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <i class="fa fa-citeulike-square" style="font-size: 30px;"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="small-9 columns"> <input id="js-clipboard-text" type="text" readonly value="https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad" /> </div> <div class="small-3 columns text-left"> <a class="button button--color js-clipboard-copy" data-clipboard-target="#js-clipboard-text">Copy</a> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <div id="weixin-share-modal" class="reveal-modal reveal-modal-new" data-reveal aria-labelledby="weixin-share-modal-title" aria-hidden="true" role="dialog"> <div class="row"> <div class="small-12 columns"> <h2 id="weixin-share-modal-title" style="margin: 0;">Share</h2> </div> <div class="small-12 columns"> <div class="weixin-qr-code-section"> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?> <!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd"> <svg width="348" height="348" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <desc>https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jdad</desc> <g id="elements" fill="black" stroke="none"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="0" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="12" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="24" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="36" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="48" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="60" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="72" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="84" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="96" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="108" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="120" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="132" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="144" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="156" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="168" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="180" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="192" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="204" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="216" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="228" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="84" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="240" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="252" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="264" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="276" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="288" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="312" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="300" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="312" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="120" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="144" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="156" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="216" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="228" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="324" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="0" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="12" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="24" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="36" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="48" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="60" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="72" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="96" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="108" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="132" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="168" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="180" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="192" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="204" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="240" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="252" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="264" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="276" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="288" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="300" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="324" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> <rect x="336" y="336" width="12" height="12" /> </g> </svg> </div> </div> </div> <a class="close-reveal-modal" aria-label="Close"> <i class="material-icons">clear</i> </a> </div> <a href="#" class="back-to-top"><span class="show-for-medium-up">Back to Top</span><span class="show-for-small">Top</span></a> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/modernizr-2.8.3.min.js?5227e0738f7f421d?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-1.12.4.min.js?4f252523d4af0b47?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.min.js?6b2ec41c18b29054?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/foundation-5.5.3.equalizer.min.js?0f6c549b75ec554c?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.multiselect.js?0edd3998731d1091?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery.cycle2.min.js?63413052928f97ee?1738315387"></script> <script> // old browser fix - this way the console log rows won't throw (silent) errors in browsers not supporting console log if (!window.console) window.console = {}; if (!window.console.log) window.console.log = function () { }; var currentJournalNameSystem = "jdad"; $(document).ready(function() { $('select.foundation-select').multiselect({ search: true, minHeight: 130, maxHeight: 130, }); $(document).foundation({ orbit: { timer_speed: 4000, }, reveal: { animation: 'fadeAndPop', animation_speed: 100, } }); $(".chosen-select").each(function(element) { var maxSelected = (undefined !== $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') ? $(this).data('maxselectedoptions') : 100); $(this).on('chosen:ready', function(event, data) { var select = $(data.chosen.form_field); if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-volume') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Volume_Options'); } if (select.attr('id') === 'journal-browser-issue') { $(data.chosen.dropdown).addClass('UI_JournalBrowser_Issue_Options'); } }).chosen({ display_disabled_options: false, disable_search_threshold: 7, max_selected_options: maxSelected, width: "100%" }); }); $(".toEncode").each(function(e) { var oldHref = $(this).attr("href"); var newHref = oldHref.replace('.botdefense.please.enable.javascript.','@'); $(this).attr("href", newHref); if (!$(this).hasClass("emailCaptcha")) { $(this).html(newHref.replace('mailto:', '')); } $(this).removeClass("visibility-hidden"); }); $(document).on('opened.fndtn.reveal', '[data-reveal]', function() { $(document).foundation('equalizer', 'reflow'); }); // fix the images that have tag height / width defined // otherwise the default foundation styles overwrite the tag definitions $("img").each(function() { if ($(this).attr('width') != undefined || $(this).attr('height') != undefined) { $(this).addClass("img-fixed"); } }); $("#basic_search, #advanced_search").submit(function(e) { var searchArguments = false; $(this).find("input,select").not("#search,.search-button").each(function() { if (undefined === $(this).val() || "" === $(this).val()) { $(this).attr('name', null); } else { $(this).attr('name'); searchArguments = true; } }); if (!searchArguments) { window.location = $(this).attr('action'); return false; } }); $(".hide-show-desktop-option").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var parentDiv = $(this).closest("div"); $.ajax({ url: $(this).attr('href'), success: function(msg) { parentDiv.removeClass().hide(); } }); }); $(".generic-toggleable-header").click(function(e) { $(this).toggleClass("active"); $(this).next(".generic-toggleable-content").toggleClass("active"); }); /* * handle whole row as a link if the row contains only one visible link */ $("table.new tr").hover(function() { if ($(this).find("td:visible a").length == 1) { $(this).addClass("single-link"); } }, function() { $(this).removeClass("single-link"); }); $("table.new:not(.table-of-tables)").on("click", "tr.single-link", function(e) { var target = $(e.target); if (!e.ctrlKey && !target.is("a")) { $(this).find("td:visible a")[0].click(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-link", function(e) { if ($(this).closest("#basic_search").length > 0) { if ($(".search-container__advanced").first().is(":visible")) { openAdvanced() } } if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($(this).hasClass("active")) { $(this).removeClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").addClass("show-for-medium-up"); } else { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).next(".custom-accordion-for-small-screen-content").removeClass("show-for-medium-up"); $(document).foundation('orbit', 'reflow'); } } if (undefined !== $(this).data("callback")) { var customCallback = $(this).data("callback"); func = window[customCallback]; func(); } }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-small-search", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).toggleClass("active").closest(".tab-bar").toggleClass("active"); $(".search-container").toggleClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(document).on("click", ".js-open-menu", function(e) { $(".search-container").addClass("hide-for-small-down"); }); $(window).on('resize', function() { recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); }); updateSearchLabelVisibilities(); recalculate_main_browser_position(); recalculate_responsive_moving_containers(); if (window.document.documentMode == 11) { $("<link/>", { rel: "stylesheet", type: "text/css", href: "https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons"}).appendTo("head"); } }); function recalculate_main_browser_position() { if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-large-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-small-main-top-container")); } } else { if ($("#js-main-top-container").parent("#js-small-main-top-container").length > 0) { $("#js-main-top-container").appendTo($("#js-large-main-top-container")); } } } function recalculate_responsive_moving_containers() { $(".responsive-moving-container.large").each(function() { var previousParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.active[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); var movingContent = previousParent.html(); if (Foundation.utils.is_small_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.small[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else if (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only()) { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.medium[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } else { var currentParent = $(".responsive-moving-container.large[data-id='"+$(this).data("id")+"']"); } if (previousParent.attr("class") !== currentParent.attr("class")) { currentParent.html(movingContent); previousParent.html(); currentParent.addClass("active"); previousParent.removeClass("active"); } }); } // cookies allowed is checked from a) local storage and b) from server separately so that the footer bar doesn't // get included in the custom page caches function checkCookiesAllowed() { var cookiesEnabled = localStorage.getItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled"); if (null === cookiesEnabled) { $.ajax({ url: "/ajax_cookie_value/mdpi_cookies_accepted", success: function(data) { if (data.value) { localStorage.setItem("mdpi_cookies_enabled", true); checkDisplaySurvey(); } else { $(".js-allow-cookies").show(); } } }); } else { checkDisplaySurvey(); } } function checkDisplaySurvey() { } window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnAccept', function (e) { var CookieDate = new Date; if (Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { CookieDate.setFullYear(CookieDate.getFullYear() + 1); document.cookie = "mdpi_layout_type_v2=mobile; path=/; expires=" + CookieDate.toUTCString() + ";"; $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").css("display", "inline-block"); } }, false); window.addEventListener('CookiebotOnDecline', function (e) { if (!Cookiebot.consent.preferences) { $(".js-toggle-desktop-layout-link").hide(); if ("" === "desktop") { window.location = "/toggle_desktop_layout_cookie"; } } }, false); var hash = $(location).attr('hash'); if ("#share" === hash) { if (1 === $("#main-share-modal").length) { $('#main-share-modal').foundation('reveal', 'open'); } } </script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/lib.js?b86ef680a60436c6?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/mdpi.js?c267ce58392b15da?1738315387"></script> <script>var banners_url = 'https://serve.mdpi.com';</script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/ifvisible.min.js?c621d19ecb761212?1738315387'></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/xmltohtml/affix.js?ac4ea55275297c15?1738315387"></script> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/clipboard.min.js?3f3688138a1b9fc4?1738315387"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { var helpFunctions = $(".middle-column__help__fixed"); var leftColumnAffix = $(".left-column__fixed"); var middleColumn = $("#middle-column"); var clone = null; helpFunctions.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return middleColumn.offset().top - 8 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 30 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 74 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); if (leftColumnAffix.length > 0) { clone = leftColumnAffix.clone(); clone.addClass("left-column__fixed__affix"); clone.insertBefore(leftColumnAffix); clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); clone.affix({ offset: { top: function() { return leftColumnAffix.offset().top - 30 - (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 50 : 0); }, bottom: function() { return $("#footer").innerHeight() + 92 + (Foundation.utils.is_medium_only() ? 0 : 0); } } }); } $(window).on("resize", function() { if (clone !== null) { clone.css('width', leftColumnAffix.outerWidth() + 50); } }); new ClipboardJS('.js-clipboard-copy'); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function() { // create the left hand menu dynamically from the content var items = $("#middle-column h1, #middle-column h2"); if ($("#dynamic-menu").length == 1 && items.length > 1) { // menu container div var div = $("div#dynamic-menu"); div.addClass("generic-item"); // menu header var header = $("<h2></h2>"); header.text("Menu"); div.append(header); // menu list var ul = $("<ul></ul>"); ul.addClass("side-menu-ul"); div.append(ul); // menu list items (create additional anchors for page) items.each(function() { var header_title = $(this).text(); var link_title = header_title.replace(/ |-/gi, "_").toLowerCase(); var li = $("<li></li>"); li.addClass("side-menu-li"); ul.append(li); var a = $("<a></a>"); a.html(header_title); a.prop("href", "#" + link_title); li.append(a); var a = $("<a></a>"); a.prop("name", link_title); $(this).prepend(a); }); div.append(ul); div.show(); } }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/magnific-popup.min.css?04d343e036f8eecd?1738315387"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/css/jquery-ui-1.10.4.custom.min.css?80647d88647bf347?1738315387"> <script src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/jquery-ui-1.13.2.min.js?1e2047978946a1d2?1738315387"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/assets/js/magnific-popup.min.js?2be3d9e7dc569146?1738315387"></script> <script> var mainColumn1 = "#right-column"; var extendingReady = true; $(document).ready(function() { $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--grey", "" === $("#journal-browser-volume").val()); $("#journal-browser-go").toggleClass("button--color", "" !== $("#journal-browser-volume").val()); $("#journal-browser-volume").change(function(e) { $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option').not('.volume-0').hide(); $('#journal-browser-issue').find('.volume-' + $(this).val()).show(); $('#journal-browser-issue').find('option:first').prop('selected', 'selected'); $("#journal-browser-issue").trigger("chosen:updated"); $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--grey', '' === $(this).val()); $('#journal-browser-go').toggleClass('button--color', '' !== $(this).val()); }); // add resize event for the window (to recalculate side column elements) // TODO: is it better to use resize end or resize here? $(window).on('resize', function() { mdpi_column_height_module.calculateColumnHeights(false, mainColumn1); }); $(".link-journal-menu").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("ul").toggleClass("active"); $("#social-media-links").toggle(); $("#journal-alerts").toggle(); }); $(".link-journal-browser").click(function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).find('span').toggle(); $(this).next("div").toggleClass('show-for-medium-up'); }); }); </script>   <script type="text/plain" data-cookieconsent="marketing"> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); // Insert Twitter Pixel ID and Standard Event data below twq('init','o2pip'); twq('track','PageView'); </script>  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'90c03355f878f91a',t:'MTczODU2MjQyNS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease | An Open Access Journal from MDPI