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<div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Mobile phone</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom"> (Redirected from <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cell_phone&redirect=no" title="Cell phone">Cell phone</a>)</span></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">"Cell Phone" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_Phone_(film)" title="Cell Phone (film)">Cell Phone (film)</a>.</div> <div class="hatnote">"Handphone" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handphone_(film)" title="Handphone (film)">Handphone (film)</a>.</div> <div class="metadata topicon nopopups" id="protected-icon" style="display:none;right:55px"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/20px-Padlock-silver.svg.png" width="20" height="20" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/30px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Padlock-silver.svg/40px-Padlock-silver.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg/220px-Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg" width="220" height="330" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg/330px-Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg/440px-Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_evolution.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> An evolution of mobile phones</div> </div> </div> <p>A <b>mobile phone</b> (also known as a <b>cellular phone</b>, <b>cell phone</b>, <b>hand phone</b>, or simply a <b>phone</b>) is a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">phone</a> that can make and receive <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_call" title="Telephone call">telephone calls</a> over a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Link_Protocol" title="Radio Link Protocol">radio link</a> while moving around a wide geographic area. It does so by connecting to a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">cellular network</a> provided by a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">mobile phone operator</a>, allowing access to the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSTN" title="PSTN" class="mw-redirect">public telephone network</a>. By contrast, a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordless_telephone" title="Cordless telephone">cordless telephone</a> is used only within the short range of a single, private base station.</p> <p>In addition to telephony, modern mobile phones also support a wide variety of other <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a> such as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email" title="Email">email</a>, Internet access, short-range wireless communications (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_port" title="Infrared port" class="mw-redirect">infrared</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>), business applications, gaming, and photography. Mobile phones that offer these and more general computing capabilities are referred to as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.</p> <p>The first hand-held cell phone was demonstrated by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Francis_Mitchell" title="John Francis Mitchell">John F. Mitchell</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Dr. Martin Cooper</a> of <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> in 1973, using a handset weighing around 4.4 pounds (2 kg).<sup id="cite_ref-Inventor_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inventor-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_DynaTAC" title="Motorola DynaTAC">DynaTAC 8000x</a> was the first to be commercially available. From 1983 to 2014, worldwide mobile phone subscriptions grew from zero to over 7 billion, penetrating 100% of the global population and reaching the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottom_of_the_pyramid" title="Bottom of the pyramid">bottom of the economic pyramid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ITU_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2014, the top cell phone manufacturers were <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Features"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Features</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Text_messaging"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Text messaging</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#SIM_card"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">SIM card</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Multi-card_hybrid_phones"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Multi-card hybrid phones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Kosher_phones"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Kosher phones</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Mobile_phone_operators"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Mobile phone operators</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Manufacturers"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Manufacturers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Use_of_mobile_phones"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Use of mobile phones</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#In_general"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">In general</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Smartphones"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Smartphones</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#For_distributing_content"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">For distributing content</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#While_driving"><span class="tocnumber">5.4</span> <span class="toctext">While driving</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Mobile_banking_and_payments"><span class="tocnumber">5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Mobile banking and payments</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Tracking_and_privacy"><span class="tocnumber">5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Tracking and privacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Thefts"><span class="tocnumber">5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Thefts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Health_effects"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Health effects</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Future_evolution"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Future evolution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Environmental_impact"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental impact</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Conflict_minerals"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Conflict minerals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History of mobile phones</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/220px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" width="220" height="293" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/330px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg/440px-2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2007Computex_e21Forum-MartinCooper.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Cooper_(inventor)" title="Martin Cooper (inventor)">Martin Cooper</a> of Motorola made the first publicized handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on April 4, 1973. This is a reenactment in 2007.</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:102px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DynaTAC8000X.jpg/100px-DynaTAC8000X.jpg" width="100" height="245" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DynaTAC8000X.jpg/150px-DynaTAC8000X.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/DynaTAC8000X.jpg/200px-DynaTAC8000X.jpg 2x" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="977"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DynaTAC8000X.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The Motorola DynaTAC 8000X from 1984 (First hand-held cellular mobile phone which was commercially available)</div> </div> </div> <p><br/> A hand-held mobile radiotelephone is an old dream of radio engineering. One of the earliest descriptions can be found in the 1948 science fiction novel <i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Cadet" title="Space Cadet">Space Cadet</a></i> by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Heinlein" title="Robert Heinlein" class="mw-redirect">Robert Heinlein</a>. The protagonist, who has just traveled to Colorado from his home in Iowa, receives a call from his father on a telephone in his pocket. Before leaving for earth orbit, he decides to ship the telephone home "since it was limited by its short range to the neighborhood of an earth-side [i.e. terrestrial] relay office." Ten years later, an essay by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke" title="Arthur C. Clarke">Arthur C. Clarke</a> envisioned a "personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one." Clarke wrote: "the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number." Such a device would also, in Clarke's vision, include means for global positioning so that "no one need ever again be lost." Later, in <i>Profiles of the Future</i>, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-profiles_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-profiles-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive <i>generations</i> from the early "0G" (zeroth generation) services like the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a>'s <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">Mobile Telephone Service</a> and its successor, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">Improved Mobile Telephone Service</a>. These "0G" systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.</p> <p>The first handheld mobile cell phone was demonstrated by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> in 1973. The first commercial automated cellular network was launched in Japan by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon_Telegraph_and_Telephone" title="Nippon Telegraph and Telephone">NTT</a> in 1979. In 1981, this was followed by the simultaneous launch of the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">Nordic Mobile Telephone</a> (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Several other countries then followed in the early to mid-1980s. These first generatiion ("1G") systems could support far more simultaneous calls, but still used analog technology.</p> <p>In 1991, the second generation (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a>) <i>digital</i> cellular technology was launched in Finland by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a> on the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> standard, which sparked competition in the sector, as the new operators challenged the incumbent 1G network operators.</p> <p>Ten years later, in 2001, the third generation (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a>) was launched in Japan by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT_DoCoMo" title="NTT DoCoMo">NTT DoCoMo</a> on the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCDMA" title="WCDMA" class="mw-redirect">WCDMA</a> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> This was followed by 3.5G, 3G+ or turbo 3G enhancements based on the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Packet_Access" title="High-Speed Packet Access" class="mw-redirect">high-speed packet access</a> (HSPA) family, allowing <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System" title="Universal Mobile Telecommunications System">UMTS networks</a> to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity.</p> <p>By 2009, it had become clear that, at some point, 3G networks would be overwhelmed by the growth of bandwidth-intensive applications like streaming media.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the industry began looking to data-optimized 4th-generation technologies, with the promise of speed improvements up to 10-fold over existing 3G technologies. The first two commercially available technologies billed as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a> were the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> standard (offered in the U.S. by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprint_Nextel" title="Sprint Nextel" class="mw-redirect">Sprint</a>) and the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> standard, first offered in Scandinavia by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TeliaSonera" title="TeliaSonera">TeliaSonera</a>.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Features">Features</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_features" title="Mobile phone features">Mobile phone features</a></div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></div> <p>All mobile phones have a number of features in common, but manufacturers also try to differentiate their own products by implementing additional functions to make them more attractive to consumers. This has led to great innovation in mobile phone development over the past 20 years.</p> <p>The common components found on all phones are:</p> <ul> <li>A <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" title="Battery (electricity)">battery</a>, providing the power source for the phone functions.</li> <li>An input mechanism to allow the user to interact with the phone. The most common input mechanism is a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">keypad</a>, but <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch_screen" title="Touch screen" class="mw-redirect">touch screens</a> are also found in most smartphones.</li> <li>A screen which echoes the user's typing, displays text messages, contacts and more.</li> <li>Basic <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">mobile phone services</a> to allow users to make calls and send text messages.</li> <li>All <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> phones use a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module" title="Subscriber Identity Module" class="mw-redirect">SIM card</a> to allow an account to be swapped among devices. Some <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA" class="mw-redirect">CDMA</a> devices also have a similar card called a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">R-UIM</a>.</li> <li>Individual GSM, WCDMA, iDEN and some <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">satellite phone</a> devices are uniquely identified by an <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity" title="International Mobile Equipment Identity" class="mw-redirect">International Mobile Equipment Identity</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Equipment_Identity" title="International Mobile Equipment Identity" class="mw-redirect">IMEI</a>) number.</li> </ul> <p>Low-end mobile phones are often referred to as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a>, and offer basic telephony. Handsets with more advanced computing ability through the use of native software applications became known as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>.</p> <p>Several phone series have been introduced to address a given market segment, such as the RIM <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry" title="BlackBerry">BlackBerry</a> focusing on enterprise/corporate customer email needs; the Sony-Ericsson 'Walkman' series of music/phones and 'Cybershot' series of camera/phones; the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia_Nseries" title="Nokia Nseries">Nokia Nseries</a> of multimedia phones, the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Pre" title="Palm Pre">Palm Pre</a> the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC_Dream" title="HTC Dream">HTC Dream</a> and the Apple <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Text_messaging">Text messaging</span></h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS" title="SMS" class="mw-redirect">SMS</a></div> <p>The most commonly used data application on mobile phones is <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS" title="SMS" class="mw-redirect">SMS</a> text messaging. The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the UK, while the first person-to-person SMS from phone to phone was sent in Finland in 1993.</p> <p>The first <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">mobile news</a> service, delivered via SMS, was launched in Finland in 2000, and subsequently many organizations provided "on-demand" and "instant" news services by SMS.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="SIM_card">SIM card</span></h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_Identity_Module" title="Subscriber Identity Module" class="mw-redirect">Subscriber Identity Module</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Removable_User_Identity_Module" title="Removable User Identity Module">Removable User Identity Module</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/220px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" width="220" height="284" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/330px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg/440px-Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1114"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Typical_cellphone_SIM_cards.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Typical mobile phone <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card" class="mw-redirect">SIM card</a></div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">feature phones</a> require a small <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">microchip</a> called a Subscriber Identity Module or <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card" class="mw-redirect">SIM card</a>, to function. The SIM card is approximately the size of a small postage stamp and is usually placed underneath the battery in the rear of the unit. The SIM securely stores the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Mobile_Subscriber_Identity" title="International Mobile Subscriber Identity" class="mw-redirect">service-subscriber key (IMSI)</a> and the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authentication_Center#Authentication_centre_.28AuC.29" title="Authentication Center" class="mw-redirect">K<sub>i</sub></a> used to identify and authenticate the user of the mobile phone. The SIM card allows users to change phones by simply removing the SIM card from one mobile phone and inserting it into another mobile phone or broadband telephony device, provided that this is not prevented by a <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a>.</p> <p>The first SIM card was made in 1991 by Munich smart card maker <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giesecke_%26_Devrient" title="Giesecke & Devrient">Giesecke & Devrient</a> for the Finnish wireless network operator <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiolinja" title="Radiolinja">Radiolinja</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Multi-card_hybrid_phones">Multi-card hybrid phones</span></h3> <p>A hybrid mobile phone can hold up to four SIM cards. SIM and RUIM cards may be mixed together to allow both <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA" title="CDMA" class="mw-redirect">CDMA</a> networks to be accessed.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>From 2010 onwards they became popular in India and Indonesia and other emerging markets,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> attributed to the desire to obtain the lowest on-net calling rate. In Q3 2011, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> shipped 18 million of its low cost dual SIM phone range in an attempt to make up lost ground in the higher end smartphone market.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Kosher_phones">Kosher phones</span></h3> <p>There are <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_orthodox" title="Jewish orthodox" class="mw-redirect">Jewish orthodox</a> religious restrictions which, by some interpretations, standard mobile telephones do not meet. To solve this issue, some rabbinical organizations have recommended that phones with text messaging capability not be used by children.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> These <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Israel#.22Kosher.22_numbers" title="Telephone numbers in Israel">restricted phones</a> are known as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosher" title="Kosher" class="mw-redirect">kosher</a> phones and have <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbinical</a> approval for use in Israel and elsewhere by observant <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodox_Jew" title="Orthodox Jew" class="mw-redirect">Orthodox Jews</a>. Although these phones are intended to prevent <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immodesty#Jewish_modesty" title="Immodesty" class="mw-redirect">immodesty</a>, some vendors report good sales to adults who prefer the simplicity of the devices. Some phones are even approved for use by essential workers (such as health, security and public services) on the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">sabbath</a>, even though use of any electrical device is generally prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-kosher_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kosher-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Mobile_phone_operators">Mobile phone operators</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif/220px-Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif" width="220" height="99" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif/330px-Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif/440px-Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="359"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_map_1980-2009.gif" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Growth in mobile phone subscribers per country from 1980 to 2009.</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_operator" title="Mobile phone operator">Mobile phone operator</a></div> <p>The world's largest individual mobile operator by subscribers is <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Mobile" title="China Mobile">China Mobile</a> with over 500 million mobile phone subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Over 50 mobile operators have over 10 million subscribers each, and over 150 mobile operators had at least one million subscribers by the end of 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> In 2014, there were more than seven billion mobile phone subscribers worldwide, a number that is expected to keep growing.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Manufacturers">Manufacturers</span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_best-selling_mobile_phones" title="List of best-selling mobile phones">List of best-selling mobile phones</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_makers_by_country" title="List of mobile phone makers by country">List of mobile phone makers by country</a></div> <div class="barbox tright" style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:300px; background: white;"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tr style="background:#dddddddddddddd"> <th colspan="5">Quantity Market Shares by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner" title="Gartner">Gartner</a><br/> (New Sales)</th> </tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px;"><b>BRAND</b></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"><b>Percent</b></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Samsung 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Green; width:22.0%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">22.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Samsung 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Green; width:24.6%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">24.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nokia 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Black; width:19.1%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">19.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Nokia 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Black; width:13.9%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Apple 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Red; width:7.5%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Apple 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Red; width:8.3%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">LG Electronics 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Orange; width:3.3%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">LG Electronics 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Orange; width:3.8%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">ZTE 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Yellow; width:3.9%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">ZTE 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Yellow; width:3.3%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others 2012</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Blue; width:34.9%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">34.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others 2013</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:Blue; width:34.0%; overflow: hidden;">  </div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">34.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="padding:5px"><small>Note: Others-1 consist of Sony Ericsson, Motorola, ZTE, HTC and Huawei.(2009-2010)</small></td> </tr> </table> </div> <p>Prior to 2010, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> was the market leader. However, since then competition emerged in the Asia Pacific region with brands such as Micromax, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexian" title="Nexian">Nexian</a>, and i-Mobile and chipped away at Nokia's market share. Android powered smartphones also gained momentum across the region at the expense of Nokia. In India, their market share also dropped significantly to around 31 percent from 56 percent in the same period. Their share was displaced by Chinese and Indian vendors of low-end mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In Q1 2012, based on Strategy Analytics, Samsung surpassed Nokia, selling 93.5 million units and 82.7 million units, respectively. <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_%26_Poor%27s" title="Standard & Poor's">Standard & Poor's</a> has also downgraded Nokia to 'junk' status at BB+/B with negative outlook due to high loss and still declined with growth of Lumia smartphones was not sufficient to offset a rapid decline in revenue from Symbian-based smartphones over the next few quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In Q3 2014, the top 10 manufacturers were Samsung (20.6%), Nokia (9.5%), Apple Inc. (8.4%), LG (4.2%), Huawei (3.6%), TCL Communication (3.5), Xiaomi (3.5%), Lenovo (3.3%), ZTE (3.0%) and Micromax (2.2%).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <table class="wikitable" style="width:50%;"> <tr> <th colspan="4">Top Five Worldwide Total Mobile Phone Vendors, 2013</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Rank</th> <th>Manufacturer</th> <th><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gartner" title="Gartner">Gartner</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></th> <th><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Data_Corporation" title="International Data Corporation">IDC</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></th> </tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></td> <td>24.6%</td> <td>24.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a></td> <td>13.9%</td> <td>13.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a></td> <td>8.3%</td> <td>8.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></td> <td>3.8%</td> <td>3.8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZTE" title="ZTE">ZTE</a></td> <td>3.3%</td> <td>-</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></td> <td>-</td> <td>3.0%</td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <td>Others</td> <td>34.0%</td> <td>46.4%</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><small>Note: Vendor shipments are branded shipments and exclude OEM sales for all vendors</small></li> </ul> <p>Other manufacturers outside the top five include <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCL_Corporation" title="TCL Corporation">TCL Communication</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Mobile_Communications" title="Sony Mobile Communications">Sony Mobile Communications</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola</a>. Smaller current and past players include Karbonn Mobile, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audiovox" title="Audiovox" class="mw-redirect">Audiovox</a> (now <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTStarcom" title="UTStarcom">UTStarcom</a>), <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BenQ-Siemens" title="BenQ-Siemens">BenQ-Siemens</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_Limited" title="BlackBerry Limited">BlackBerry</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casio" title="Casio">Casio</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CECT" title="CECT">CECT</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolpad" title="Coolpad">Coolpad</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC" title="HTC">HTC</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just5" title="Just5">Just5</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyocera" title="Kyocera">Kyocera</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumigon" title="Lumigon">Lumigon</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micromax_Mobile" title="Micromax Mobile">Micromax Mobile</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric" title="Mitsubishi Electric">Mitsubishi Electric</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modu" title="Modu">Modu</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC_Corporation" title="NEC Corporation" class="mw-redirect">NEC</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonode" title="Neonode">Neonode</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openmoko" title="Openmoko">Openmoko</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panasonic_Corporation" title="Panasonic Corporation" class="mw-redirect">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm_Inc." title="Palm Inc." class="mw-redirect">Palm</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantech_Curitel" title="Pantech Curitel" class="mw-redirect">Pantech Wireless Inc.</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philips" title="Philips">Philips</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm Inc.</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGEM_Communication" title="SAGEM Communication" class="mw-redirect">Sagem</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo" title="Sanyo">Sanyo</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Wireless" title="Sierra Wireless">Sierra Wireless</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SK_Teletech" title="SK Teletech" class="mw-redirect">SK Teletech</a>, Soutec, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trium" title="Trium">Trium</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, and Vidalco.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Use_of_mobile_phones">Use of mobile phones</span></h2> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="In_general">In general</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/300px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png" width="300" height="204" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/450px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg/600px-Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="602"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_phone_subscribers_1997-2014_ITU.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Mobile phone subscribers per 100 inhabitants. <small>2014 figure is estimated.</small></div> </div> </div> <p>Mobile phones are used for a variety of purposes, including keeping in touch with family members, conducting business, and having access to a telephone in the event of an emergency. Some people carry more than one cell phone for different purposes, such as for business and personal use. Multiple SIM cards may also be used to take advantage of the benefits of different calling plans—a particular plan might provide cheaper local calls, long-distance calls, international calls, or roaming. The mobile phone has also been used in a variety of diverse contexts in society, for example:</p> <ul> <li>A study by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a> found that one in ten cell phone subscribers have a second phone that often is kept secret from other family members. These phones may be used to engage in activities including extramarital affairs or clandestine business dealings.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Some organizations assist victims of domestic violence by providing mobile phones for use in emergencies. They are often refurbished phones.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The advent of widespread text messaging has resulted in the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">cell phone novel</a>; the first literary genre to emerge from the cellular age via <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">text messaging</a> to a website that collects the novels as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a> also facilitates activism and public journalism being explored by <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> and small independent news companies such as Jasmine News in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> reported that mobile phones have spread faster than any other technology and can improve the livelihood of the poorest people in developing countries by providing access to information in places where <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">landlines</a> or the Internet are not available, especially in the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries" class="mw-redirect">least developed countries</a>. Use of mobile phones also spawns a wealth of micro-enterprises, by providing work, such as selling airtime on the streets and repairing or refurbishing handsets.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> and other African countries, people used to travel from village to village to let friends and relatives know about weddings, births and other events, which are now avoided within mobile phone coverage areas, which is usually greater than land line penetration.</li> <li>The TV industry has recently started using mobile phones to drive live TV viewing through mobile apps, advertising, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_tv" title="Social tv" class="mw-redirect">social tv</a>, and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_TV" title="Mobile TV" class="mw-redirect">mobile TV</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> 86% of Americans use their mobile phone while watching TV.</li> <li>In parts of the world, mobile phone sharing is common. It is prevalent in urban India, as families and groups of friends often share one or more mobiles among their members. There are obvious economic benefits, but often familial customs and traditional gender roles play a part.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> It is common for a village to have access to only one mobile phone, perhaps owned by a teacher or missionary, but available to all members of the village for necessary calls.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Smartphones">Smartphones</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/300px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png" width="300" height="171" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/450px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg/600px-Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="425"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Active_mobile_broadband_subscriptions_2007-2014.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Active mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx">ITU</a></div> </div> </div> <p>Smartphones have a number of distinguishing features but the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU" title="ITU" class="mw-redirect">ITU</a> measures those with internet connection which it calls <i>Active Mobile-Broadband subscriptions</i> (which includes tablets etc.) In the developed world these have now overtaken the usage of earlier mobile systems but in the developing world account for only 20%.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="For_distributing_content">For distributing content</span></h3> <p>In 1998, one of the first examples of <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_distribution" title="Content distribution" class="mw-redirect">distributing and selling media content</a> through the mobile phone was the sale of <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">ringtones</a> by Radiolinja in Finland. Soon afterwards, other media content appeared such as news, video games, jokes, horoscopes, TV content and advertising. Most early content for mobile tended to be copies of legacy media, such as the banner advertisement or the TV news highlight video clip. Recently, unique content for mobile has been emerging, from the ringing tones and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringback_tones" title="Ringback tones" class="mw-redirect">ringback tones</a> in music to "mobisodes", video content that has been produced exclusively for mobile phones.</p> <p>In 2006, the total value of mobile-phone-paid media content exceeded Internet-paid media content and was worth 31 billion dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> The value of music on phones was worth 9.3 billion dollars in 2007 and gaming was worth over 5 billion dollars in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="While_driving">While driving</span></h3> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Mobile phones and driving safety</a></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:172px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/170px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/255px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG/340px-NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NocellphonesSouthsidePlaceTX.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A sign along <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellaire_Boulevard" title="Bellaire Boulevard">Bellaire Boulevard</a> in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southside_Place,_Texas" title="Southside Place, Texas">Southside Place, Texas</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Houston" title="Greater Houston">Greater Houston</a>) states that using mobile phones while driving is prohibited from 7:30 AM to 9:30 AM and from 2:00 PM to 4:15 PM</div> </div> </div> <p>Mobile phone use while driving is common but controversial. Being distracted while operating a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. Because of this, many jurisdictions prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. Egypt, Israel, Japan, Portugal and Singapore ban both handheld and hands-free use of a mobile phone; others —including the UK, France, and many <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_by_US_drivers" title="Restrictions on cell phone use by US drivers" class="mw-redirect">U.S. states</a>—ban handheld phone use only, allowing hands-free use.</p> <p>Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones, they are often more like mobile computers in their available uses. This has introduced additional difficulties for law enforcement officials in distinguishing one usage from another as drivers use their devices. This is more apparent in those countries which ban both handheld and hands-free usage, rather than those who have banned handheld use only, as officials cannot easily tell which function of the mobile phone is being used simply by looking at the driver. This can lead to drivers being stopped for using their device illegally on a phone call when, in fact, they were using the device for a legal purpose such as the phone's incorporated controls for car stereo or <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satnav" title="Satnav" class="mw-redirect">satnav</a>.</p> <p>A recently published study has reviewed the incidence of mobile phone use while cycling and its effects on behaviour and safety.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mobile_banking_and_payments">Mobile banking and payments</span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_payment_01.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/220px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg" width="220" height="135" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/330px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Mobile_payment_01.jpg/440px-Mobile_payment_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="695" data-file-height="426"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mobile_payment_01.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Mobile payment system</div> </div> </div> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main articles: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Mobile banking</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Mobile payment</a></div> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchless_banking" title="Branchless banking">Branchless banking</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">Contactless payment</a></div> <p>In many countries, mobile phones are used to provide <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">mobile banking</a> services, which may include the ability to transfer cash payments by secure SMS text message. Kenya's <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-PESA" title="M-PESA" class="mw-redirect">M-PESA</a> mobile banking service, for example, allows customers of the mobile phone operator <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safaricom" title="Safaricom">Safaricom</a> to hold cash balances which are recorded on their SIM cards. Cash may be deposited or withdrawn from M-PESA accounts at Safaricom retail outlets located throughout the country, and may be transferred electronically from person to person as well as used to pay bills to companies.</p> <p><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branchless_banking" title="Branchless banking">Branchless banking</a> has also been successful in South Africa and the Philippines. A pilot project in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a> was launched in 2011 by the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">International Finance Corporation</a> and an <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> bank <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank_Mandiri" title="Bank Mandiri">Bank Mandiri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Another application of mobile banking technology is <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidisha" title="Zidisha">Zidisha</a>, a US-based nonprofit micro-lending platform that allows residents of developing countries to raise small business loans from Web users worldwide. Zidisha uses mobile banking for loan disbursements and repayments, transferring funds from lenders in the United States to the borrowers in rural Africa using the Internet and mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Mobile payments were first trialled in Finland in 1998 when two Coca-Cola vending machines in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espoo" title="Espoo">Espoo</a> were enabled to work with SMS payments. Eventually, the idea spread and in 1999 the Philippines launched the country's first commercial mobile payments systems on the mobile operators <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globe_Telecom" title="Globe Telecom">Globe</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Communications" title="Smart Communications">Smart</a>.</p> <p>Some mobile phone can make <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">mobile payments</a> via direct mobile billing schemes or through <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contactless_payment" title="Contactless payment">contactless payments</a> if the phone and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_of_sale" title="Point of sale">point of sale</a> support <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_field_communication" title="Near field communication">near field communication</a> (NFC).<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup> This requires the co-operation of manufacturers, network operators and retail merchants to enable contactless payments through NFC-equipped mobile phones.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Tracking_and_privacy">Tracking and privacy</span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellphone_surveillance" title="Cellphone surveillance">Cellphone surveillance</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Mobile phone tracking</a></div> <p>Mobile phones are also commonly used to collect location data. While the phone is turned on, the geographical location of a mobile phone can be determined easily (whether it is being used or not), using a technique known as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilateration" title="Multilateration">multilateration</a> to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the cell phone to each of several <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_towers" title="Cell towers" class="mw-redirect">cell towers</a> near the owner of the phone.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-phone-locate_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-phone-locate-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-foxnews-phone-locate_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foxnews-phone-locate-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The movements of a mobile phone user can be tracked by their service provider and, if desired, by law enforcement agencies and their government. Both the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_card" title="SIM card" class="mw-redirect">SIM card</a> and the handset can be tracked.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-phone-locate_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-phone-locate-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>China has proposed using this technology to track commuting patterns of Beijing city residents.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> In the UK and US, law enforcement and intelligence services use mobiles to perform surveillance. They possess technology to activate the microphones in cell phones remotely in order to listen to conversations that take place near the phone.<sup id="cite_ref-roving-bugs_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roving-bugs-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uk-mobile-bug_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-mobile-bug-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Thefts">Thefts</span></h3> <p>According to the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>, one out of three robberies involved the theft of a cellular phone. Police data in San Francisco showed that one-half of all robberies in 2012 were thefts of cellular phones. An online petition on <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change.org" title="Change.org">Change.org</a> called <i>Secure our Smartphones</i> urged smartphone manufacturers to install <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kill_switch" title="Kill switch">kill switches</a> in their devices to make them unusable in case of theft. The petition is part of a joint effort by New York Attorney General <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schneiderman" title="Eric Schneiderman">Eric Schneiderman</a> and San Francisco District Attorney <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gasc%C3%B3n" title="George Gascón">George Gascón</a> and was directed to the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO" title="CEO" class="mw-redirect">CEOs</a> of the major smartphone manufacturers and telecommunication carriers.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On Monday, 10 June 2013, Apple announced it would install a kill switch on its <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_7" title="IOS 7">next iPhone operating system</a>, due to debut in October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Health_effects">Health effects</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_radiation_and_health" title="Mobile phone radiation and health">Mobile phone radiation and health</a></div> <div class="hatnote">Further information: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_on_aircraft" title="Mobile phones on aircraft">Mobile phones on aircraft</a></div> <p>The effect mobile phone radiation has on human health is the subject of recent interest and study, as a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world. Mobile phones use <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation" title="Electromagnetic radiation">electromagnetic radiation</a> in the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave" title="Microwave">microwave</a> range, which some believe may be harmful to human health. A large body of research exists, both <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidemiology" title="Epidemiology">epidemiological</a> and experimental, in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_model" title="Animal model" class="mw-redirect">non-human animals</a> and in humans, of which the majority shows no definite causative relationship between exposure to mobile phones and harmful biological effects in humans. This is often paraphrased simply as the balance of evidence showing no harm to humans from mobile phones, although a significant number of individual studies do suggest such a relationship, or are inconclusive. Other <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_electronic_devices_and_health" title="Wireless electronic devices and health">digital wireless systems</a>, such as data communication networks, produce similar radiation.</p> <p>On 31 May 2011, the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> stated that mobile phone use may possibly represent a long-term health risk,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-World_Health_Organization_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> classifying mobile phone radiation as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" after a team of scientists reviewed studies on cell phone safety.<sup id="cite_ref-cnnwhocarcinogenic_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnnwhocarcinogenic-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> Mobile phones are in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IARC_Group_2B_carcinogens" title="List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens">category 2B</a>, which ranks it alongside <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> and other possibly carcinogenic substances.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>At least some recent studies have found an association between cell phone use and certain kinds of brain and salivary gland tumors. <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennart_Hardell" title="Lennart Hardell">Lennart Hardell</a> and other authors of a 2009 meta-analysis of 11 studies from peer-reviewed journals concluded that cell phone usage for at least ten years "approximately doubles the risk of being diagnosed with a brain tumor on the same ('ipsilateral') side of the head as that preferred for cell phone use."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>One study of past cell phone use cited in the report showed a "40% increased risk for <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliomas" title="Gliomas" class="mw-redirect">gliomas</a> (brain cancer) in the highest category of heavy users (reported average: 30 minutes per day over a 10‐year period)."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> This is a reversal from their prior position that cancer was unlikely to be caused by cellular phones or their base stations and that reviews had found no convincing evidence for other health effects.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Health_Organization_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Health_Organization-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> Certain countries, including France, have warned against the use of cell phones especially by minors due to health risk uncertainties.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> However, a study published 24 March 2012 in the <i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" title="British Medical Journal" class="mw-redirect">British Medical Journal</a></i> questioned these estimates, because the increase in brain cancers has not paralleled the increase in mobile phone use.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Future_evolution">Future evolution</span></h2> <div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle">Main article: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></div> <p>5G is a technology used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunication standards beyond the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a>/<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT-Advanced" title="IMT-Advanced" class="mw-redirect">IMT-Advanced</a> standards. 5G is not officially used for any specification or official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a>, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> Forum, or <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-R" title="ITU-R">ITU-R</a>. New standard releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization bodies, but are at this time not considered as new mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella.</p> <p>Deloitte is predicting a collapse in wireless performance to come as soon as 2016, as more devices using more and more services compete for limited bandwidth.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_impact">Environmental impact</span></h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG/220px-Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG/330px-Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG/440px-Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5760" data-file-height="3840"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sidewalk_electronics_repair_in_Hong_Kong.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A mobile phone repair kiosk in <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div> </div> </div> <table class="metadata plainlinks ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="image"><img alt="[icon]" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" width="20" height="14" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31"/></a></td> <td class="mbox-text"><span class="mbox-text-span">This section requires <a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mobile_phone&action=edit">expansion</a>. <small><i>(December 2011)</i></small></span></td> </tr> </table> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Mobile phone recycling</a></div> <p>Studies have shown that around 40-50% of the environmental impact of a mobile phone occurs during the manufacturing of the printed wiring boards and integrated circuits.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> The average user replaces their mobile phone every 11 to 18 months.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> The discarded phones then contribute to <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">electronic waste</a>.</p> <p>Mobile phone manufacturers within <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> are subject to the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_Electrical_and_Electronic_Equipment_Directive" title="Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive">WEEE directive</a>. Australia introduced a mobile phone recycling scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Conflict_minerals">Conflict minerals</span></h2> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_minerals" title="Conflict minerals" class="mw-redirect">Conflict minerals</a></div> <p>Demand for metals found in mobile phones and other electroncs fuelled the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Congo_War" title="Second Congo War">Second Congo War</a>. The war claimed almost 5.5 million lives.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> In a 2012 news story, <i>The Guardian</i> reported, "In unsafe mines deep underground in eastern Congo, <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">children are working</a> to extract minerals essential for the electronics industry. The profits from the minerals finance the bloodiest conflict since the second world war; the war has lasted nearly 20 years and has recently flared up again. ... For the last 15 years, the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> has been a major source of natural resources for the mobile phone industry."<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FairPhone" title="FairPhone" class="mw-redirect">FairPhone</a> is an attempt to develop a mobile phone which does not contain conflict minerals.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span></h2> <table class="multicol" style=";border-spacing:0;background:transparent;" role="presentation"> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="width:15.0em;;{{{col1style}}};"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Cellular frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_proprietary_network_information" title="Customer proprietary network information">Customer proprietary network information</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_telephone" title="Field telephone">Field telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_mobile_phones_in_use" title="List of countries by number of mobile phones in use">List of countries by number of mobile phones in use</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Internet_device" title="Mobile Internet device">Mobile Internet device</a> (MID)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_accessories" title="Mobile phone accessories">Mobile phone accessories</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Mobile phone form factor</a></li> </ul> </td> <td style="width:1.25em;"></td> <td style="width:15.0em;;{{{col2style}}};"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomophobia" title="Nomophobia">Nomophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_head-mounted_display" title="Optical head-mounted display">Optical head-mounted display</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBTS" title="OpenBTS">OpenBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">Personal Handy-phone System</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepaid_mobile_phone" title="Prepaid mobile phone">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way_radio" title="Two-way radio">Two-way radio</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_mobile_radio" title="Professional mobile radio">Professional mobile radio</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-button_telephone" title="Push-button telephone">Push-button telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rechargeable_battery" title="Rechargeable battery">Rechargeable battery</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance" title="Surveillance">Surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VoIP_phone" title="VoIP phone">VoIP phone</a></li> </ul> </td> <td style="width:1.25em;"></td> <td style="width:15.0em;;{{{col3style}}};"> <div class="noprint portal tright" style="border:solid #aaa 1px;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em"> <table style="background:#f9f9f9;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;max-width:175px"> <tr style="vertical-align:middle"> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="image"><img alt="Portal icon" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/28px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/42px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/56px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a></td> <td style="padding:0 0.2em;vertical-align:middle;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h2> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.brophy.net/PivotX/?p=john-francis-mitchell-biography">John F. Mitchell Biography</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.brophy.net/PivotX/?p=john-francis-mitchell-biography#CELLPHONEINVENTOR">Who invented the cell phone?</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Inventor-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Inventor_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Heeks, Richard (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/click_online/8639590.stm">"Meet Marty Cooper – the inventor of the mobile phone"</a>. <i>BBC</i> <b>41</b> (6): 26–33. <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://dx.doi.org/10.1109%2FMC.2008.192">10.1109/MC.2008.192</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.atitle=Meet+Marty+Cooper+%E2%80%93+the+inventor+of+the+mobile+phone&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Heeks%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Heeks&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Fclick_online%2F8639590.stm&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMC.2008.192&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.pages=26-33&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=41" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ITU-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITU_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/332274/there-more-mobile-phones-people.html">"Mobile penetration"</a>. 9 July 2010.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.btitle=Mobile+penetration&rft.date=9+July+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F332274%2Fthere-more-mobile-phones-people.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.topteny.com/top-10-best-selling-mobile-phone-brands-in-the-world-2014/">http://www.topteny.com/top-10-best-selling-mobile-phone-brands-in-the-world-2014/</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-profiles-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-profiles_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Arthur C. Clarke: <i>Profiles of the Future</i> (1962, rev. eds. 1973, 1983, and 1999, Millennium edition with a new preface)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.tekniskamuseet.se/mobilen/engelska/1980_90.shtml">"Swedish National Museum of Science and Technology"</a>. Tekniskamuseet.se<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.btitle=Swedish+National+Museum+of+Science+and+Technology&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tekniskamuseet.se%2Fmobilen%2Fengelska%2F1980_90.shtml&rft.pub=Tekniskamuseet.se&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">UMTS World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.umtsworld.com/umts/history.htm">"History of UMTS and 3G development"</a>. Umtsworld.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.aulast=UMTS+World&rft.au=UMTS+World&rft.btitle=History+of+UMTS+and+3G+development&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umtsworld.com%2Fumts%2Fhistory.htm&rft.pub=Umtsworld.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Fahd Ahmad Saeed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.ece.iupui.edu/~dskim/Classes/ECE695MWN/2006-saeed-Capacity_Limit_Problem_in_3G_Networks.ppt">"Capacity Limit Problem in 3G Networks"</a>. Purdue School of Engineering<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2010</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.au=Fahd+Ahmad+Saeed&rft.aulast=Fahd+Ahmad+Saeed&rft.btitle=Capacity+Limit+Problem+in+3G+Networks&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ece.iupui.edu%2F~dskim%2FClasses%2FECE695MWN%2F2006-saeed-Capacity_Limit_Problem_in_3G_Networks.ppt&rft.pub=Purdue+School+of+Engineering&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.trisimphones.com/category/ht-g78">Example of a Triple SIM hybrid phone</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.trisimphones.com/quad-sim-phones/the-latest-f160-quad-sim-quad-standby-tv-java-phone-with-qwerty-keyboard">The Latest F160 Quad Sim Quad Standby TV Java Phone with Qwerty Keyboard | Tri Sim Phones</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20110429/wr_nm/us_handsets">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since September 2011">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/11bbf530-fb11-11e0-bebe-00144feab49a.html#axzz1bTfJxgTz">"Nokia boosted by sales of cheap handsets"</a>. 20 October 2011.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.btitle=Nokia+boosted+by+sales+of+cheap+handsets&rft.date=20+October+2011&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F11bbf530-fb11-11e0-bebe-00144feab49a.html%23axzz1bTfJxgTz&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.theworld.org/2012/01/kosher-phones-orthodox-jews/">Pri's The World: Kosher Phones For Britain’s Orthodox Jews</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-kosher-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kosher_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/154153">israelnationalnews.com: Introducing: A 'Kosher Phone' Permitted on Shabbat</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">Tania Branigan (11 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/11/china-mobile-telecomms">"State owned China Mobile is world's biggest mobile phone operator"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.aulast=Tania+Branigan&rft.au=Tania+Branigan&rft.btitle=State+owned+China+Mobile+is+world%27s+biggest+mobile+phone+operator&rft.date=11+January+2010&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fbusiness%2F2010%2Fjan%2F11%2Fchina-mobile-telecomms&rft.pub=Guardian+News+and+Media+Limited&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: wireless intelligence</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://news.yahoo.com/s/pcworld/20101229/tc_pcworld/nokia8217smarketsharedropsfurtherinindia">[2]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since August 2011">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://techcrunch.com/2012/04/27/samsung-may-have-just-become-the-king-of-mobile-handsets-while-sp-downgrades-nokia-to-junk/">"Samsung May Have Just Become The King Of Mobile Handsets, While S&P Downgrades Nokia To Junk"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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A. (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://books.google.com/?id=gtQWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA161">"Wireless Telephony"</a>. <i>Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution</i>: 161–196<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2009</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.atitle=Wireless+Telephony&rft.au=Fessenden%2C+R.+A.&rft.aufirst=R.+A.&rft.aulast=Fessenden&rft.date=1908&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DgtQWAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA161&rft.jtitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Board+of+Regents+of+the+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.pages=161-196&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Glotz, Peter & Bertsch, Stefan, eds. <i>Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society</i>, 2005</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard_Goggin" title="Gerard Goggin">Goggin, Gerard</a>, <i>Global Mobile Media</i> (New York: Routledge, 2011), p. 176. <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415469180" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0415469180</a></li> <li>Jain, S. Lochlann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://joc.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/2/3/385">"Urban Errands: The Means of Mobility"</a>. Journal of Consumer Culture 2:3 (November 2002) 385–404. <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://dx.doi.org/10.1177%2F146954050200200305">10.1177/146954050200200305</a>.</li> <li>Katz, James E. & Aakhus, Mark, eds. <i>Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance</i>, 2002</li> <li>Kavoori, Anandam & Arceneaux, Noah, eds. <i>The Cell Phone Reader: Essays in Social Transformation</i>, 2006</li> <li>Kennedy, Pagan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/17/magazine/who-made-that-cellphone.html?ref=technology">Who Made That Cellphone?</a>, <i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, 15 March 2013, p. MM19</li> <li>Kopomaa, Timo. <i>The City in Your Pocket</i>, Gaudeamus 2000</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Levinson" title="Paul Levinson">Levinson, Paul</a>, <i>Cellphone: The Story of the World's Most Mobile Medium, and How It Has Transformed Everything!</i>, 2004 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1403960410" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-4039-6041-0</a></li> <li>Ling, Rich, <i>The Mobile Connection: the Cell Phone's Impact on Society</i>, 2004 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1558609369" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-55860-936-9</a></li> <li>Ling, Rich and Pedersen, Per, eds. <i>Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere</i>, 2005 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1852339314" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-85233-931-4</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.richardling.com/">Home page of Rich Ling</a></li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Communication: Essays on Cognition and Community</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Learning: Essays on Philosophy, Psychology and Education</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Democracy: Essays on Society, Self and Politics</i>, 2003</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>A Sense of Place: The Global and the Local in Mobile Communication</i>, 2005</li> <li>Nyíri, Kristóf, ed. <i>Mobile Understanding: The Epistemology of Ubiquitous Communication</i>, 2006</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadie_Plant" title="Sadie Plant">Plant, Dr. Sadie</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/https://www.campussims.com/"><i>on the mobile – the effects of mobile telephones on social and individual life</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" since June 2012">dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup>, 2001</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Rheingold" title="Howard Rheingold">Rheingold, Howard</a>, <i>Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution</i>, 2002 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0738208612" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7382-0861-2</a></li> <li><span class="citation book">Singh, Rohit (April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/opinions/128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf"><i>Mobile phones for development and profit: a win-win scenario</i></a>. Overseas Development Institute. p. 2.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMobile+phone&rft.aufirst=Rohit&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.au=Singh%2C+Rohit&rft.btitle=Mobile+phones+for+development+and+profit%3A+a+win-win+scenario&rft.date=April+2009&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.odi.org.uk%2Fresources%2Fodi-publications%2Fopinions%2F128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Overseas+Development+Institute&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2> <table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" width="37" height="40" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/mobile_phone" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/mobile phone">mobile phone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/> Media related to <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mobile_phones" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mobile phones">Mobile phones</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.howstuffworks.com/cell-phone.htm">How Cell Phones Work</a> at <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HowStuffWorks" title="HowStuffWorks">HowStuffWorks</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1636836_1389493,00.html">"The Long Odyssey of the Cell Phone"</a>, 15 photos with captions from <i>Time</i> magazine</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/episodes/cellphone-a-ring-heard-around-the-world"><i>Cell Phone, the ring heard around the world</i></a>—a video documentary by the <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mobile_phones" title="Template:Mobile phones"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mobile_phones" title="Template talk:Mobile phones"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Mobile_phones&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><strong class="selflink">Mobile phones</strong></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">General</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_features" title="Mobile phone features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_services" title="GSM services">services</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Operating system</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_security" title="Mobile security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Telephony</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airplane_mode" title="Airplane mode">airplane mode</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_messaging" title="Text messaging">Text messaging</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Message_Service" title="Short Message Service">SMS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_Messaging_Service" title="Multimedia Messaging Service">MMS</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_spam" title="Mobile phone spam">Spam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_tracking" title="Mobile phone tracking">Tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Web" title="Mobile Web">Web browsing</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5_in_mobile_devices" title="HTML5 in mobile devices">HTML5</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Software</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Apps</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_application_development" title="Mobile application development">Development</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_software_distribution_platforms" title="List of mobile software distribution platforms">Distribution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_application_management" title="Mobile application management">Management</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_commerce" title="Mobile commerce">Commerce</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_banking" title="Mobile banking">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_marketing" title="Mobile marketing">Marketing</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_advertising" title="Mobile advertising">advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_campaign" title="Mobile campaign">campaigns</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_payment" title="Mobile payment">Payments</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_donating" title="Mobile donating">donating</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_ticketing" title="Mobile ticketing">Ticketing</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_content" title="Mobile content">Content</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_blogging" title="Mobile blogging">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_email" title="Push email">Email</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_gambling" title="Mobile gambling">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_game" title="Mobile game">Gaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHealth" title="MHealth">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_instant_messaging" title="Mobile instant messaging">Instant messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-learning" title="M-learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_music" title="Mobile music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_news" title="Mobile news">News</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_search" title="Mobile search">Search</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_local_search" title="Mobile local search">local</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_social_network" title="Mobile social network">Social</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_social_address_book" title="Mobile social address book">address book</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_television" title="Mobile television">Television</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_culture" title="Category:Mobile phone culture">Culture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_charm" title="Mobile phone charm">Charms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_comic" title="Mobile comic">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_dating" title="Mobile dating">Dating</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_mobile_phone_culture" title="Japanese mobile phone culture">Japanese mobile phone culture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_phone_novel" title="Cell phone novel">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringtone" title="Ringtone">Ringtones</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_mode" title="Silent mode">silent mode</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMS_language" title="SMS language">Txtspk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_wallpaper" title="Mobile wallpaper" class="mw-redirect">Wallpaper</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Devices</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mobile_phone_manufacturers" title="Category:Mobile phone manufacturers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_3D-enabled_mobile_phones" title="List of 3D-enabled mobile phones">3D phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car_phone" title="Car phone">Car phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feature_phone" title="Feature phone">Feature phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projector_phone" title="Projector phone">Projector phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_phone" title="Satellite phone">Satellite phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIM_lock" title="SIM lock">SIM lock</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Form factors</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Bar" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flip_(form)" title="Flip (form)">Flip</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phablet" title="Phablet">Phablet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_factor_(mobile_phones)#Slider" title="Form factor (mobile phones)">Slider</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_phone" title="Watch phone" class="mw-redirect">Watch</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_smartphones" title="Comparison of smartphones">Smartphones</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android devices</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_rooting" title="Android rooting" class="mw-redirect">rooting</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#iPhone" title="List of iOS devices">iPhone</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_open-source_mobile_phones" title="List of open-source mobile phones">Open-source mobile phones</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Symbian_devices" title="List of Symbian devices" class="mw-redirect">Symbian devices</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Windows_Phone_devices" title="List of Windows Phone devices">Windows Phone devices</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Environment<br/> and health</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_thumb" title="BlackBerry thumb">BlackBerry thumb</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_and_driving_safety" title="Mobile phones and driving safety">Driving safety</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste" title="Electronic waste">Electronic waste</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_External_Power_Supply" title="Common External Power Supply" class="mw-redirect">External power supply</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom_Vibration_Syndrome" title="Phantom Vibration Syndrome" class="mw-redirect">Phantom Vibration Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_radiation_and_health" title="Mobile phone radiation and health">Radiation and health</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_recycling" title="Mobile phone recycling">Recycling</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Law</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_IQ" title="Carrier IQ">Carrier IQ</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictions_on_cell_phone_use_while_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States">Use restrictions while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_recording_by_civilians" title="Legality of recording by civilians">Legality of recording by civilians</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_tapping" title="Telephone tapping">Telephone tapping</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texting_while_driving" title="Texting while driving">Texting while driving</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison" title="Mobile phones in prison">Mobile phones in prison</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Networking</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_capacity" title="Channel capacity">Channel capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-band_device" title="Multi-band device">Multi-band</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_network_operators" title="List of mobile network operators">Network operators</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaming" title="Roaming">Roaming</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subscriber_identity_module" title="Subscriber identity module">SIM</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_SIM" title="Dual SIM">Dual SIM</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Standards comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethering" title="Tethering">Tethering</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_VoIP" title="Mobile VoIP">VoIP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Application_Protocol" title="Wireless Application Protocol">WAP</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHTML_Mobile_Profile" title="XHTML Mobile Profile">XHTML-MP</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0;padding-right:0;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Generations</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G_adoption" title="3G adoption">adoption</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3.5G" title="3.5G">3.5G</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template:Cellular network standards"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cellular_network_standards" title="Template talk:Cellular network standards"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Cellular_network_standards&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network standards</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_radio_telephone" title="Mobile radio telephone">0G</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">radio telephones</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Mobile Telephone Service">MTS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTD_(mobile_network)" title="MTD (mobile network)">MTA * MTB * MTC * MTD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improved_Mobile_Telephone_Service" title="Improved Mobile Telephone Service">IMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Telephone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Telephone System">AMTS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLT_(mobile_network)" title="OLT (mobile network)">OLT</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoradiopuhelin" title="Autoradiopuhelin">Autoradiopuhelin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-Netz" title="B-Netz">B-Netz</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1G" title="1G">1G</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-3, ANSI/TIA/EIA-553)</li> <li>N-AMPS (TIA/EIA/IS-91)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">TACS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Access_Communication_System" title="Total Access Communication System">ETACS</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic_Mobile_Telephone" title="Nordic Mobile Telephone">NMT</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Netz" title="C-Netz">C-450</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicap" title="Hicap">Hicap</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobitex" title="Mobitex">Mobitex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DataTAC" title="DataTAC">DataTAC</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G" title="2G">2G</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data" title="Circuit Switched Data">CSD</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Generation_Partnership_Project_2" title="3rd Generation Partnership Project 2">3GPP2</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>cdmaOne (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-95" title="IS-95">TIA/EIA/IS-95</a> and ANSI-J-STD 008)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">D-AMPS</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-54" title="IS-54" class="mw-redirect">IS-54</a> and <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IS-136" title="IS-136" class="mw-redirect">IS-136</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_digital_packet_data" title="Cellular digital packet data">CDPD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEN" title="IDEN">iDEN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular" title="Personal Digital Cellular">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System" title="Personal Handy-phone System">PHS</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2G#Evolution" title="2G">2G transitional<br/> (2.5G, 2.75G)</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a>/<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Circuit-Switched_Data" title="High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data">HSCSD</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Packet_Radio_Service" title="General Packet Radio Service">GPRS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_Data_Rates_for_GSM_Evolution" title="Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution">EDGE/EGPRS</a> (UWC-136)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA2000" title="CDMA2000">CDMA2000 1X</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-2000)</li> <li>1X Advanced</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiDEN" title="WiDEN">WiDEN</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G (IMT-2000)</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP" title="3GPP">3GPP</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Mobile_Telecommunications_System" title="Universal Mobile Telecommunications System">UMTS</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W-CDMA_(UMTS)" title="W-CDMA (UMTS)">UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-SCDMA" title="TD-SCDMA">UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-CDMA" title="TD-CDMA">UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>CDMA2000 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Release 0</a> (TIA/IS-856)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G#Evolution" title="3G">3G transitional<br/> (3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G)</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Downlink_Packet_Access" title="High-Speed Downlink Packet Access">HSDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed_Uplink_Packet_Access" title="High-Speed Uplink Packet Access">HSUPA</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_HSPA" title="Evolved HSPA">HSPA+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP2 family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>CDMA2000 <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">1xEV-DO Revision A</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-A)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution-Data_Optimized" title="Evolution-Data Optimized">EV-DO Revision B</a> (TIA/EIA/IS-856-B)</li> <li>DO Advanced</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Electrical_and_Electronics_Engineers" title="Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers">IEEE</a> family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">Mobile WiMAX</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16e</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing#FLASH-OFDM" title="Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing">Flash-OFDM</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBurst" title="IBurst">iBurst</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.20" title="IEEE 802.20">IEEE 802.20</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G" title="4G">4G</a><br/> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT_Advanced" title="IMT Advanced">IMT Advanced</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">3GPP family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced" title="LTE Advanced">LTE Advanced</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA" title="E-UTRA">E-UTRA</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">IEEE family</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX" title="WiMAX">WiMAX</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.16" title="IEEE 802.16">IEEE 802.16m</a>)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept" title="Concept">conceptual</a> (currently under formal research & development)</li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Related articles</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular networks</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile telephony</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">History</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="List of mobile phone standards">List of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_mobile_phone_standards" title="Comparison of mobile phone standards">Comparison of standards</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_access_method" title="Channel access method">Channel access methods</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiency#Comparison_table" title="Spectral efficiency">Spectral efficiency comparison table</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_frequencies" title="Cellular frequencies">Cellular frequencies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_frequency_bands" title="GSM frequency bands">GSM frequency bands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UMTS_frequency_bands" title="UMTS frequency bands">UMTS frequency bands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadband" title="Mobile broadband">Mobile broadband</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Generation_Mobile_Networks" title="Next Generation Mobile Networks">NGMN Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIMO" title="MIMO">MIMO</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Telephony" title="Template:Telephony"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Telephony" title="Template talk:Telephony"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Telephony&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephony" title="Telephony">Telephony</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Types</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landline" title="Landline">Landline</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Mobile phone</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Connectivity</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fibre-optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_signal" title="Mobile phone signal">Mobile phone signal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service" title="Plain old telephone service">POTS</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">PSTN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">Submarine cables</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">VoIP</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Calls</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missed_call" title="Missed call">Missed call</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdialed_call" title="Misdialed call">Misdialed call</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuisance_call" title="Nuisance call">Nuisance call</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_tag" title="Phone tag">Phone tag</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Applications</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax" title="Fax">Fax transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_call" title="Telephone call">Telephone calls</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_newspaper" title="Telephone newspaper">Telephone newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2trophone" title="Théâtrophone">Théâtrophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">Video calls</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Telecommunications&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication" title="Telecommunication">Telecommunications</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Telecom-icon.svg" class="image" title="Telecommunications symbol"><img alt="Telecommunications symbol" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/50px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" width="50" height="50" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/75px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150320085412im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/100px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"/></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_line#History" title="Semaphore line">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_prepaid_mobile_phone" title="History of the prepaid mobile phone">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_communication_technology" title="Timeline of communication technology">Timeline of communication technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videoconferencing#History" title="Videoconferencing">Videoconferencing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videophone#Early_history" title="Videophone">Videophone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Pioneers</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Papin_Tissot" title="Camille Papin Tissot">Camille Papin Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br/> media</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">Optical fiber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">Telephone lines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave#Communication" title="Microwave">Terrestrial microwave</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_P1906.1" title="IEEE P1906.1">Molecules</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br/> and switching</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">Terminal node</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> (<a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a>)</li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-user_MIMO#SDMA" title="Multi-user MIMO">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_division_multiple_access" title="Code division multiple access">Code-division</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Networks</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_network" title="Television network">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">By continent</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Africa_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Africa</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Algeria" title="Telecommunications in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Angola" title="Telecommunications in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Benin" title="Telecommunications in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi" title="Telecommunications in Burundi" class="mw-redirect">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cape_Verde" title="Telecommunications in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Comoros" title="Telecommunications in Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Djibouti" title="Telecommunications in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eritrea" title="Telecommunications in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gabon" title="Telecommunications in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liberia" title="Telecommunications in Liberia" class="mw-redirect">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya" title="Telecommunications in Libya" class="mw-redirect">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malawi" title="Telecommunications in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mali" title="Telecommunications in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritania" title="Telecommunications in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritius" title="Telecommunications in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Morocco" title="Telecommunications in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Namibia" title="Telecommunications in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Telecommunications in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Seychelles" title="Telecommunications in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somalia" title="Telecommunications in Somalia" class="mw-redirect">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Sudan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Sudan (page does not exist)">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Swaziland" title="Telecommunications in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tunisia" title="Telecommunications in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uganda" title="Telecommunications in Uganda" class="mw-redirect">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zimbabwe" title="Telecommunications in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" class="mw-redirect">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somaliland" title="Telecommunications in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <div> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Canary_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Canary Islands" class="mw-redirect">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ceuta" title="Telecommunications in Ceuta" class="mw-redirect">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Melilla" title="Telecommunications in Melilla" class="mw-redirect">Melilla</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Plazas de soberanía (page does not exist)">Plazas de soberanía</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madeira" title="Telecommunications in Madeira" class="mw-redirect">Madeira</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mayotte" title="Telecommunications in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_R%C3%A9union" title="Telecommunications in Réunion">Réunion</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(France)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena" class="mw-redirect">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island" class="mw-redirect">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Telecommunications in Tristan da Cunha" class="mw-redirect">Tristan da Cunha</a> <small style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</small></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asia_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Asia</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Afghanistan" title="Telecommunications in Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bahrain" title="Telecommunications in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bangladesh" title="Telecommunications in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bhutan" title="Telecommunications in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Brunei" title="Telecommunications in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burma" title="Telecommunications in Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cambodia" title="Telecommunications in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_China" title="Telecommunications in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_India" title="Telecommunications in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iran" title="Telecommunications in Iran" class="mw-redirect">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Israel" title="Telecommunications in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Japan" title="Telecommunications in Japan" class="mw-redirect">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jordan" title="Telecommunications in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Korea" title="Telecommunications in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Korea" title="Telecommunications in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kuwait" title="Telecommunications in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Laos" title="Telecommunications in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lebanon" title="Telecommunications in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malaysia" title="Telecommunications in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Maldives" title="Telecommunications in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mongolia" title="Telecommunications in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nepal" title="Telecommunications in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Oman" title="Telecommunications in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Philippines" title="Telecommunications in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Qatar" title="Telecommunications in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Telecommunications in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Singapore" title="Telecommunications in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Telecommunications in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Syria" title="Telecommunications in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tajikistan" title="Telecommunications in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Thailand" title="Telecommunications in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkmenistan" title="Telecommunications in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uzbekistan" title="Telecommunications in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Yemen" title="Telecommunications in Yemen">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Telecommunications in the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hong_Kong" title="Telecommunications in Hong Kong" class="mw-redirect">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Macau" title="Telecommunications in Macau">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Europe_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Telecommunications in Europe" class="mw-redirect">Telecommunications in Europe</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Andorra" title="Telecommunications in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Azerbaijan" title="Telecommunications in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belarus" title="Telecommunications in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belgium" title="Telecommunications in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bulgaria" title="Telecommunications in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Denmark" title="Telecommunications in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Estonia" title="Telecommunications in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Finland" title="Telecommunications in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Germany" title="Telecommunications in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greece" title="Telecommunications in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iceland" title="Telecommunications in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Italy" title="Telecommunications in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kazakhstan" title="Telecommunications in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liechtenstein" title="Telecommunications in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Luxembourg" title="Telecommunications in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of Macedonia">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malta" title="Telecommunications in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Moldova" title="Telecommunications in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Monaco" title="Telecommunications in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Netherlands" title="Telecommunications in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Norway" title="Telecommunications in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Poland" title="Telecommunications in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Portugal" title="Telecommunications in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" title="Telecommunications in Romania" class="mw-redirect">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Russia" title="Telecommunications in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_San_Marino" title="Telecommunications in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Serbia" title="Telecommunications in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovenia" title="Telecommunications in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Spain" title="Telecommunications in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sweden" title="Telecommunications in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Switzerland" title="Telecommunications in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Turkey" title="Telecommunications in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ukraine" title="Telecommunications in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telecommunications in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br/> recognition</a></div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kosovo" title="Telecommunications in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Telecommunications in Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Transnistria" title="Telecommunications in Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gibraltar" title="Telecommunications in Gibraltar" class="mw-redirect">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jersey" title="Telecommunications in Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Telecommunications in the Isle of Man" class="mw-redirect">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Other entities</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_European_Union" title="Telecommunications in the European Union" class="mw-redirect">European Union</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:North_America_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in North America</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group">Sovereign states</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Dominica" title="Telecommunications in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Grenada" title="Telecommunications in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mexico" title="Telecommunications in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Telecommunications in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Telecommunications in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" title="Telecommunications in the United States" class="mw-redirect">United States</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Dependencies and<br/> other territories</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Telecommunications in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Martinique" title="Telecommunications in Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Navassa_Island" title="Telecommunications in Navassa Island" class="mw-redirect">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Telecommunications in Saint Barthélemy" class="mw-redirect">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saba (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Oceania_topic" title="Template:Oceania topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Oceania_topic" title="Template talk:Oceania topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Oceania_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%">Telecommunications in Oceania</div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_East_Timor" title="Telecommunications in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Fiji" title="Telecommunications in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Indonesia" title="Telecommunications in Indonesia" class="mw-redirect">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kiribati" title="Telecommunications in Kiribati">Kiribati</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Marshall Islands" class="mw-redirect">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Telecommunications in the Federated States of Micronesia">Federated States of Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Zealand" title="Telecommunications in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Palau" title="Telecommunications in Palau">Palau</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Papua New Guinea" class="mw-redirect">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in Samoa">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Solomon_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tonga" title="Telecommunications in Tonga">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tuvalu" title="Telecommunications in Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vanuatu" title="Telecommunications in Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Associated states<br/> of New Zealand</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cook_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cook Islands">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niue" title="Telecommunications in Niue" class="mw-redirect">Niue</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br/> and other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_American_Samoa" title="Telecommunications in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Easter_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Easter Island (page does not exist)">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Polynesia" title="Telecommunications in French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guam" title="Telecommunications in Guam" class="mw-redirect">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Hawaii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Hawaii (page does not exist)">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_New_Caledonia" title="Telecommunications in New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Norfolk_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Norfolk Island (page does not exist)">Norfolk Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Northern Mariana Islands (page does not exist)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Pitcairn_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Pitcairn Islands (page does not exist)">Pitcairn 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href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150320085412/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Venezuela" title="Telecommunications in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"> 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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfoon" title="Selfoon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%90%E1%8D%8B%E1%88%B5_%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8D%E1%8A%AD" title="ነፋስ ስልክ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handsprecend" title="Handsprecend – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%81_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="هاتف محمول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C9%94ni_yaalata" title="Telefɔni yaalata – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8" title="মোবাইল ফোন – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%AAng-t%C5%8Dng_ti%C4%81n-o%C4%93" title="Hêng-tōng tiān-oē – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D2%AB%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кеҫә телефоны – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мабільны тэлефон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мабільны тэлефон – беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फोन – भोजपुरी" lang="bh" hreflang="bh">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилен телефон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handy" title="Handy – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ལག་ཐོག་ཁ་དཔར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A8fon_m%C3%B2bil" title="Telèfon mòbil – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleponong_selular" title="Teleponong selular – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%AD_telefon" title="Mobilní telefon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chizinganhare" title="Chizinganhare – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ff%C3%B4n_symudol" title="Ffôn symudol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sackfoohn" title="Sackfoohn – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiiltelefon" title="Mobiiltelefon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CF%8C_%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%AD%CF%86%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Κινητό τηλέφωνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C5%9Dtelefono" title="Poŝtelefono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefono_mugikor" title="Telefono mugikor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87" title="تلفن همراه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fartelefon" title="Fartelefon – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9phone_mobile" title="Téléphone mobile – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_tillefoan" title="Mobile tillefoan – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B3n_p%C3%B3ca" title="Fón póca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooylagh" title="Shooylagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2n-l%C3%A0imh" title="Fòn-làimh – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel%C3%A9fono_m%C3%B3bil" title="Teléfono móbil – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" title="手機 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AC%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%87%E0%AA%B2_%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="મોબાઇલ ફોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0ng-thung_Thien-fa" title="Hàng-thung Thien-fa – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9C%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%A0%84%ED%99%94" title="휴대 전화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BB%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%BD" title="Բջջային հեռախոս – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फ़ोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_genggam" title="Telepon genggam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephono_mobile" title="Telephono mobile – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umakhalekhukhwini" title="Umakhalekhukhwini – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu">IsiZulu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars%C3%ADmi" title="Farsími – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefono_cellulare" title="Telefono cellulare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99" title="טלפון סלולרי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilpun_s%C3%A9lul%C3%A8r" title="Tilpun sélulèr – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv">Basa Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_(%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%B0_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಮೊಬೈಲ್‌ ಫೋನ್‌ (ಚರ ದೂರವಾಣಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобил телефон – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მობილური ტელეფონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ұялы телефон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefona_destan" title="Telefona destan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%B3n_de_haldiquera" title="Telefón de haldiquera – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B7" title="ໂທລະສັບມືຖື – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonum_gestabile" title="Telephonum gestabile – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilais_telefons" title="Mobilais telefons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilusis_telefonas" title="Mobilusis telefonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendie" title="Hendie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefun_cel%C3%BClar" title="Telefun celülar – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo">Lumbaart</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилен телефон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finday" title="Finday – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="മൊബൈൽ ഫോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाईल फोन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84" title="موبايل – Egyptian Spoken Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_bimbit" title="Telefon bimbit – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C5%AB-g%C4%AD" title="Chiū-gĭ – Min Dong Chinese" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo">Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Гар утас – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="မိုဘိုင်းလ်ဖုန်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eh%C4%93catlan%C5%8Dn%C5%8Dtzqui" title="Ehēcatlanōnōtzqui – Nāhuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiele_telefoon" title="Mobiele telefoon – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="मोबाइल फोन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%90%BA%E5%B8%AF%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="携帯電話 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Norwegian (bokmål)" lang="no" hreflang="no">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefon" title="Mobiltelefon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telef%C3%B2n_mobil" title="Telefòn mobil – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%AB%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A8" title="ମୋବାଇଲ ଫୋନ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile" title="Mobile – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8" title="ਮੋਬਾਈਲ ਫ਼ੋਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائل فون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%BA%DA%96%D9%84%DB%90%DA%96%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="گرځنده غږلېږدی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_kom%C3%B3rkowy" title="Telefon komórkowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefone_celular" title="Telefone celular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil_telefon" title="Mobil telefon – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefon_mobil" title="Telefon mobil – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankichiy_karu_rimay" title="Ankichiy karu rimay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сотовый телефон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB%D3%A9%D0%BF%D0%BF%D2%AF%D3%A9%D0%BD%D1%8D" title="Сиэп төлөппүөнэ – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefoni_celular" title="Telefoni celular – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilifuninu" title="Tilifuninu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%B8_%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ජංගම දුරකථනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiln%C3%BD_telef%C3%B3n" title="Mobilný telefón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prenosni_telefon" title="Prenosni telefon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobil%C5%84ok" title="Mobilńok – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile" title="Mobile – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="مۆبایل – Sorani Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобилни телефон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilni_telefon" title="Mobilni telefon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telepon_keupeul" title="Telepon keupeul – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su">Basa Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matkapuhelin" title="Matkapuhelin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiltelefoni" title="Mobiltelefoni – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleponong_selular" title="Teleponong selular – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="செல்லிடத் தொலைபேசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%81%D3%99_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Кесә телефоны – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt">Татарча/tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A3%E0%B0%BF" title="చరవాణి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88" title="โทรศัพท์เคลื่อนที่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cep_telefonu" title="Cep telefonu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мобільний телефон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86" title="موبائل فون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefonin" title="Telefonin – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n_tho%E1%BA%A1i_di_%C4%91%E1%BB%99ng" title="Điện thoại di động – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telefone_axhl%C3%A5ve" title="Telefone axhlåve – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selpon" title="Selpon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%9C%BA" title="手机 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%9F" title="צעלפאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E6%8F%90%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1" title="手提電話 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E7%94%B5%E8%AF%9D" title="移动电话 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh">中文</a></li> <li class="uls-p-lang-dummy"><a href="#"></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a action="edit" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150320085412/http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517#sitelinks-wikipedia" text="Edit links" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last 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