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<li id="toc-Under_the_Rurikids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_the_Rurikids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Under the Rurikids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_the_Rurikids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_the_Romanovs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_the_Romanovs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Under the Romanovs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_the_Romanovs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-During_and_after_the_Russian_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#During_and_after_the_Russian_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>During and after the Russian Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-During_and_after_the_Russian_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nuclear_power_referendum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nuclear_power_referendum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Nuclear power referendum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nuclear_power_referendum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative and municipal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sights_and_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sights_and_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Sights and landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sights_and_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostroma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">85 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="كوستروما – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوستروما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A0" title="Kostromà – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kostromà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(by)" title="Kostroma (by) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kostroma (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC" title="Κοστρομά – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοστρομά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Кострома ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кострома ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88" title="코스트로마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스트로마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կոստրոմա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստրոմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Kostroma (città) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kostroma (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="קוסטרומה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטרומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosztroma" title="Kosztroma – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kosztroma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(stad)" title="Kostroma (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kostroma (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E" title="コストロマ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コストロマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(Steed)" title="Kostroma (Steed) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kostroma (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(shahar)" title="Kostroma (shahar) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kostroma (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوسټروما – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوسټروما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(miasto)" title="Kostroma (miasto) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kostroma (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(mjasto)" title="Kostroma (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kostroma (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอสโตรมา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอสโตรมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom" title="Kostrom – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kostrom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="科斯特罗马 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科斯特罗马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kostroma&params=57_46_05_N_40_55_37_E_type:city(268742)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°46′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°55′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.76806°N 40.92694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.76806; 40.92694</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kostroma Oblast, Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kostroma (disambiguation)">Kostroma (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Kostroma Oblast, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kostroma</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Кострома</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">City</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-1828)"><img alt="Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-1828)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg/250px-Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg/375px-Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg/500px-Kostroma._Fire_Tower_P7140241_2640.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3529" data-file-height="2640" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Fire-observation watchtower in Kostroma (1825-1828)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Kostroma_(Kostroma_Oblast).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kostroma"><img alt="Flag of Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_Kostroma_%28Kostroma_Oblast%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kostroma"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/70px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/105px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg/140px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Kostroma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="599" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Kostroma</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_ea2521cb06cbaee7a0383c7cccf9e74147f3398c"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kostroma&revid=1274426200&groups=_ea2521cb06cbaee7a0383c7cccf9e74147f3398c" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kostroma&revid=1274426200&groups=_ea2521cb06cbaee7a0383c7cccf9e74147f3398c 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma is located in Kostroma Oblast"><img alt="Kostroma is located in Kostroma Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/250px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/375px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg/500px-Outline_Map_of_Kostroma_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4476" data-file-height="3131" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:78.976%;left:9.327%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma"><img alt="Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kostroma</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Kostroma</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Kostroma Oblast</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_administrative_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma is located in Russia"><img alt="Kostroma is located in Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/250px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/375px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Russia_administrative_location_map.svg/500px-Russia_administrative_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.915%;left:16.846%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma"><img alt="Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kostroma</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kostroma (Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:European_Russia_location_map_(2014%E2%80%932022,_Crimea_disputed).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma is located in European Russia"><img alt="Kostroma is located in European Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/250px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/375px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg/500px-European_Russia_location_map_%282014%E2%80%932022%2C_Crimea_disputed%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1558" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.084%;left:46.874%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma"><img alt="Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kostroma</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kostroma (European Russia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of European Russia</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kostroma is located in Europe"><img alt="Kostroma is located in Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/250px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/375px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg/500px-Europe_blank_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1401" data-file-height="1198" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.168%;left:72.931%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kostroma"><img alt="Kostroma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kostroma</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Kostroma (Europe)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Europe</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kostroma&params=57_46_05_N_40_55_37_E_type:city(268742)_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°46′05″N</span> <span class="longitude">40°55′37″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.76806°N 40.92694°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">57.76806; 40.92694</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subject</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma Oblast</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1152<sup id="cite_ref-Founded_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Founded-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head</th><td class="infobox-data">Yuri Zhurin<sup id="cite_ref-HeadName_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HeadName-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">110 m (360 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">268,742</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Russia_by_population" title="List of cities and towns in Russia by population">69th</a> in 2010</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Administrative status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Subordinated to</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Kostroma<sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kostroma Oblast,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kostromskoy_District" title="Kostromskoy District">Kostromskoy District</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">Municipal status</a></div><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;">Urban okrug</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kostroma Urban Okrug<sup id="cite_ref-Ref61_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref61-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Capital</a> of</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kostroma Urban Okrug,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref61_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref61-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kostromskoy Municipal District<sup id="cite_ref-Ref61_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref61-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Russia" title="Postal codes in Russia">Postal code(s)</a><sup id="cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">156XXX</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Russia" title="Telephone numbers in Russia">Dialing code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 4942</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">34701000001</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://grad.kostroma.gov.ru">grad<wbr />.kostroma<wbr />.gov<wbr />.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kostroma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Кострома́</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[kəstrɐˈma]</a></span>) is a historic <a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">city</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>. A part of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring</a> of Russian cities, it is located at the <a href="/wiki/Confluence" title="Confluence">confluence</a> of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Volga" title="Volga">Volga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(river)" title="Kostroma (river)">Kostroma</a>. In the 2021 census, the population is 267,481. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_the_Rurikids">Under the Rurikids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Under the Rurikids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official founding year of the city is 1152 by <a href="/wiki/Yury_Dolgoruky" class="mw-redirect" title="Yury Dolgoruky">Yury Dolgoruky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Founded_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Founded-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since many scholars believe that early Eastern Slavs tribes arrived in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine and western Russia AD 400 to 600, Kostroma could be much older than previously thought.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city has the same name as the East Slavic goddess <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_(deity)" title="Kostroma (deity)">Kostroma</a>. </p><p>Like other towns of the <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Eastern Rus</a>, Kostroma was sacked by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> in 1238. It then constituted a small principality, under leadership of Prince <a href="/wiki/Vasily_of_Kostroma" title="Vasily of Kostroma">Vasily of Kostroma</a>, a younger brother of the famous <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Nevsky" title="Alexander Nevsky">Alexander Nevsky</a>. Upon inheriting the grand ducal title in 1271, Vasily didn't leave the town for <a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a>, and his descendants ruled Kostroma for another half a century, until the town was bought by <a href="/wiki/Ivan_I_of_Moscow" title="Ivan I of Moscow">Ivan I of Moscow</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2355" data-file-height="1564" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ipatievsky_Monastery" title="Ipatievsky Monastery">Ipatievsky Monastery</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>As one of the northernmost towns of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a>, Kostroma served for grand dukes as a place of retreat when enemies besieged <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> in 1382, 1408, and 1433. In 1375, the town was looted by <a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Republic" title="Novgorod Republic">Novgorod</a> pirates (<i><a href="/wiki/Ushkuiniks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ushkuiniks">ushkuiniks</a></i>). The spectacular growth<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (October 2022)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup> of the city in the 16th century may be attributed to the establishment of trade connections with English and Dutch merchants (<a href="/wiki/Muscovy_Company" title="Muscovy Company">Muscovy Company</a>) through the northern port of <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Archangel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Boris_Godunov" title="Boris Godunov">Boris Godunov</a> had the <a href="/wiki/Ipatiev_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipatiev Monastery">Ipatiev</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kostromka_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kostromka-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Epiphany monasteries rebuilt in stone. The construction works were finished just in time for the city to witness some of the most dramatic events of the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The heroic peasant <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Susanin" title="Ivan Susanin">Ivan Susanin</a> became a symbol of the city's resistance to foreign invaders;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (October 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Kostroma#Dubious" title="Talk:Kostroma">discuss</a></i>]</sup> several monuments to him may be seen in Kostroma. The future Tsar, <a href="/wiki/Michael_I_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael I of Russia">Mikhail Romanov</a>, also lived at the monastery. It was here that an embassy from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> offered him the Russian crown in 1612.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_the_Romanovs">Under the Romanovs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Under the Romanovs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wooden house of Mikhail Romanov is still preserved in the monastery. There are also several old wooden structures transported to the monastery walls from distant districts of the <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma Oblast</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0._%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_3_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2615" data-file-height="1725" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostroma River">Kostroma River</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg/220px-MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg/330px-MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg/440px-MapKostromi1907-1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8638" data-file-height="6445" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Kostroma, 1907</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1773, Kostroma was devastated by a great fire. Afterwards the city was rebuilt with streets radiating from a single focal point near the river. They<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2012)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> say that <a href="/wiki/Catherine_the_Great" title="Catherine the Great">Catherine the Great</a> dropped her fan on the <a href="/wiki/City_map" title="City map">city map</a>, and told the architects to follow her design. One of the best preserved examples of the 18th century <a href="/wiki/Town_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town planning">town planning</a>, Kostroma retains some elegant structures in a "<a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">provincial neoclassical</a>" style. These include a governor's palace, a fire tower, a rotunda on the Volga <a href="/wiki/Dike_(construction)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dike (construction)">embankment</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Gostiny_Dvor" title="Kostroma Gostiny Dvor">arcaded central market</a> with a merchant church in the center.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="During_and_after_the_Russian_Revolution">During and after the Russian Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: During and after the Russian Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The First Workers' Socialist Club based in Kostroma was one of the best documented workers' clubs run by <a href="/wiki/Proletkult" title="Proletkult">Proletkult</a>. Organised around the principle of a "public hearth" (obshchestvennyi ochag) this club combined both practical support for workers in need of accommodation, food or furniture, as well as providing a focus for popular education. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_power_referendum">Nuclear power referendum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Nuclear power referendum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nuclear Power Referendum was arranged in 1990 in the Kostroma area. 90% of the voting population were against <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a> in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Kostroma Nuclear Power Plant">Kostroma Nuclear Power Plant</a> has been proposed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_status">Administrative and municipal status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administration-kostroma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Administration-kostroma.jpg/220px-Administration-kostroma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Administration-kostroma.jpg/330px-Administration-kostroma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Administration-kostroma.jpg/440px-Administration-kostroma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>City Hall, July 2009</figcaption></figure> <p>Kostroma is the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a> and, within the <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Administrative_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">framework of administrative divisions</a>, it also serves as the administrative center of <a href="/wiki/Kostromskoy_District" title="Kostromskoy District">Kostromskoy District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though it is not a part of it.<sup id="cite_ref-KostromaO_admlist_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KostromaO_admlist-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the <b><a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">city of oblast significance</a> of Kostroma</b>—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Kostroma Oblast">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref59_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Russia#Municipal_divisions" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of Russia">municipal division</a>, the city of oblast significance of Kostroma is incorporated as <b>Kostroma Urban Okrug</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref61_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref61-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is located at the confluence of the rivers Volga and Kostroma. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kostroma has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Dfb</i>). It has long, very cold winters and short warm summers. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kostroma (1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(94.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(98.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.8<br />(56.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.9<br />(21.4) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0<br />(33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7<br />(45.9) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.0<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.8<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.2<br />(17.2) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.8<br />(27.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1<br />(61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.6<br />(20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A7A7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.8<br />(10.8) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.3<br />(20.7) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1<br />(52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2<br />(45.0) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(35.2) </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.4<br />(24.1) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.1<br />(15.6) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−46.4<br />(−51.5) </td> <td style="background: #1212FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−39.3<br />(−38.7) </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−31.1<br />(−24.0) </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.0<br />(−2.2) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8<br />(21.6) </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−21.1<br />(−6.0) </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−28.8<br />(−19.8) </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−44.4<br />(−47.9) </td> <td style="background: #0000EB; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−46.4<br />(−51.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C1FFC1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53<br />(2.1) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(2.9) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56<br />(2.2) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64<br />(2.5) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">618<br />(24.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(17) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44<br />(17) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #4C4CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2626FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #2D2DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">154 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0000A4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #0000B9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">134 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000AD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">88 </td> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">79 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #404040; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">35.1 </td> <td style="background: #898989; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68.7 </td> <td style="background: #BEBE31; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.1 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB04; color:#000000;" class="notheme">278.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">284.3 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">232.4 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.5 </td> <td style="background: #7B7B7B; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.6 </td> <td style="background: #383838; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">29.7 </td> <td style="background: #282828; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">22.2 </td> <td style="background: #C3C313; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,742.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">41,336</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">72,317</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+74.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">121,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+67.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,720</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">223,042</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+29.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">254,725</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">278,414</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">278,750</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">268,742</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">267,481</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sights_and_landmarks">Sights and landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sights and landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minster_st_ipatios.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minster_st_ipatios.jpg/220px-Minster_st_ipatios.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minster_st_ipatios.jpg/330px-Minster_st_ipatios.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minster_st_ipatios.jpg/440px-Minster_st_ipatios.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ipatiev_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipatiev Monastery">Ipatiev Monastery</a> gives its name to the <a href="/wiki/Hypatian_Codex" title="Hypatian Codex">Hypatian Codex</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Primary_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Primary Chronicle">Russian Primary Chronicle</a>. Photo by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky" title="Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky">Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky</a>, 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/220px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/330px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kostroma-resurrection.jpg/440px-Kostroma-resurrection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3319" data-file-height="2784" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Resurrection,_Kostroma" title="Church of the Resurrection, Kostroma">Resurrection Church</a> (1652) is an example of 17th-century Russian art. Color photograph by <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Prokudin-Gorsky" title="Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky">Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky</a> in 1910 (<a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Built in 1559–1565, the five-domed <a href="/wiki/Theophany_Monastery,_Kostroma" class="mw-redirect" title="Theophany Monastery, Kostroma">Epiphany Cathedral</a> was the first stone edifice in the city; its medieval <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">frescoes</a> perished during a fire several years ago. The minster houses the city's most precious relic, a 10th-century <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Icon" title="Icon">icon</a> called <a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_St._Theodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Lady of St. Theodore">Our Lady of St. Theodore</a>. It was with this icon that Mikhail Romanov was blessed by his mother when he left for Moscow to claim the Russian throne. They<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2012)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> say that just before the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Revolution of 1917</a>, the icon blackened so badly that the image was hardly visible; it was interpreted as a bad sign for the Romanov dynasty. </p><p>The Ipatyevsky monastery survives mostly intact, with its 16th-century walls, towers, <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">belfry</a>, and the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a>. </p><p>Apart from the monasteries, most of the city churches were either rebuilt or demolished during the Soviet years. The only city church that survives from the 17th-century "golden age" is the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Resurrection,_Kostroma" title="Church of the Resurrection, Kostroma">Resurrection church on the Lowlands</a> (Russian: церковь Воскресения на Дебре). As the story goes, the church was commissioned by one merchant who ordered in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> ten barrels of dye but received ten barrels of gold instead. He resolved that the unearned gold was the devil's gift and decided to spend it on building a church. Two other 17th-century temples, of rather conventional architecture, may be seen on the opposite side of the Volga. </p><p>Among the vestiges of the Godunov rule, a fine <a href="/wiki/Tented_roof" title="Tented roof">tent-like church</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">urban-type settlement</a> of <a href="/wiki/Krasnoye-na-Volge" title="Krasnoye-na-Volge">Krasnoye-na-Volge</a> (formerly an estate of Boris Godunov's brother) may be recommended. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by the <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Airport" title="Kostroma Airport">Kostroma Airport</a>. Since 1887 there has been a railway connection between Kostroma and Moscow.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Russia" title="Portal:Russia">Russia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olesya_Barel" title="Olesya Barel">Olesya Barel</a> (born 1960), basketball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nina_Demme" title="Nina Demme">Nina Demme</a> (1902–1977), polar explorer and biologist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Ishimova" title="Aleksandra Ishimova">Aleksandra Ishimova</a> (1805–1881), translator and author of children's books</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kopin" title="Roman Kopin">Roman Kopin</a> (born 1974), Governor of <a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka Autonomous Okrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksey_Pisemsky" title="Aleksey Pisemsky">Aleksey Pisemsky</a> (1821–1881), novelist and dramatist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyrius_Uspensky" title="Porphyrius Uspensky">Porphyrius Uspensky</a> (1804–1885), Russian Orthodox theologian, orientalist, archaeologist and byzantinologist</li> <li>The Lubavitcher Rebbe, <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Yitzchak_Schneersohn" title="Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn">Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Shneersohn</a> was exiled to Kostroma by the USSR in 1927 for 3 years, and was released after 9 days</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Russia" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia">List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia</a></div> <p>Kostroma is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Babruysk" title="Babruysk">Babruysk</a>, Belarus</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bat_Yam" title="Bat Yam">Bat Yam</a>, Israel</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro"><img alt="Montenegro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Montenegro.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montenegro.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cetinje_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetinje Municipality">Cetinje</a>, Montenegro</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cead%C3%AEr-Lunga" title="Ceadîr-Lunga">Ceadîr-Lunga</a>, Moldavia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Danilov,_Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Danilov, Yaroslavl Oblast">Danilov</a>, Russia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dole,_Jura" title="Dole, Jura">Dole</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hyvink%C3%A4%C3%A4" title="Hyvinkää">Hyvinkää</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia"><img alt="Armenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ijevan" title="Ijevan">Ijevan</a>, Armenia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)"><img alt="Georgia (country)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Georgia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ochamchire" title="Ochamchire">Ochamchire</a>, Georgia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan"><img alt="Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oral,_Kazakhstan" title="Oral, Kazakhstan">Oral</a>, Kazakhstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland"><img alt="Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a>, Poland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Samokov" title="Samokov">Samokov</a>, Bulgaria</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova"><img alt="Moldova" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/23px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/35px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag_of_Moldova.svg/46px-Flag_of_Moldova.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Soroca" title="Soroca">Soroca</a>, Moldavia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vrbas,_Serbia" title="Vrbas, Serbia">Vrbas</a>, Serbia</li></ul> </div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Durham,_England" title="Durham, England">Durham</a> County council revoked the twinning arrangements with Kostroma, which had been in place since 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ref59-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref59_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #112-4-ZKO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Founded-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Founded_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Founded_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Official website of Kostroma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru/en/kostroma_today/">Kostroma Today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HeadName-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HeadName_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official website of Kostroma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru/power/head/">Viktor Valentinovich Yemets</a>, Head of the Kostroma City Administration</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref61-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ref61_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref61_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref61_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ref61_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Law #237-ZKO</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vremeni-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vremeni_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&prevDoc=102483854&backlink=1&&nd=102148085">"Об исчислении времени"</a>. <i>Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации</i> (in Russian). June 3, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PostalCode-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PostalCode_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (<i>Russian Post</i>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vinfo.russianpost.ru/servlet/department">Поиск объектов почтовой связи</a> (<i>Postal Objects Search</i>) <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://study.com/academy/lesson/early-east-slavic-tribes-in-russia.html">"Early East Slavic Tribes in Russia | Study.com"</a>. <i>Study.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Study.com&rft.atitle=Early+East+Slavic+Tribes+in+Russia+%7C+Study.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstudy.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fearly-east-slavic-tribes-in-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kostromka-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kostromka_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Local History website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kostromka.ru/torop/kostroma/en.php">K. Torop. Kostroma</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRzhevsky" class="citation web cs1">Rzhevsky, Sergei. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://russiatrek.org/blog/cities/the-museum-of-wooden-architecture-kostroma-sloboda/">"The Museum of Wooden Architecture "Kostroma Sloboda"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Russia Travel Blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russia+Travel+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Museum+of+Wooden+Architecture+%E2%80%9CKostroma+Sloboda%E2%80%9D&rft.aulast=Rzhevsky&rft.aufirst=Sergei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frussiatrek.org%2Fblog%2Fcities%2Fthe-museum-of-wooden-architecture-kostroma-sloboda%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Teoksessa Venäjän ihmisoikeusliike Gaudeamus Helsinki 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KostromaO_admlist-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KostromaO_admlist_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Resolution #133-a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/27333.htm">"Погода и Климат – Климат Кострома"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82+%E2%80%93+%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F27333.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/RussianFederation/CSV/Kostroma_27333.csv">"Kostroma Climate Normals 1991–2020"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kostroma+Climate+Normals+1991%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nodc.noaa.gov%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-6-WMO-Normals-9120%2FRussianFederation%2FCSV%2FKostroma_27333.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120323172106/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_kostroma.html">"Train Station in Kostroma"</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/wokzal_kostroma.html">the original</a> on March 23, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 2,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Train+Station+in+Kostroma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nnov-airport.ru%2Frus%2Fwokzal_kostroma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://duma-kostroma.ru/mayor-international/">"Международное и межмуниципальное сотрудничество"</a>. <i>duma-kostroma.ru</i> (in Russian). Duma Kostroma<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=duma-kostroma.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fduma-kostroma.ru%2Fmayor-international%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-60586850">"Ukraine: County Durham ends twinning links with Russian city Kostroma"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. September 6, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine%3A+County+Durham+ends+twinning+links+with+Russian+city+Kostroma&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-tyne-60586850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2022/09/durham-north-carolina-kostroma-russia-sister-city-ukraine-war">"Durham City Council votes to suspend ties with Russian sister city"</a>. <i>The Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 7,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Durham+City+Council+votes+to+suspend+ties+with+Russian+sister+city&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukechronicle.com%2Farticle%2F2022%2F09%2Fdurham-north-carolina-kostroma-russia-sister-city-ukraine-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKostroma" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Костромская областная Дума. Закон №112-4-ЗКО от 9 февраля 2007 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области», в ред. Закона №567-5-ЗКО от 24 сентября 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Костромской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №10(70), 28 февраля 2007 г.</span></span> (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #112-4-ZKO of February 9, 2007 <i>On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #567-5-ZKO of September 24, 2014 <i>On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Kostroma Oblast"</i>. Effective as of the official publication date.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Администрация Костромской области. Постановление №133-а от 8 апреля 2014 г. «Об утверждении реестра населённых пунктов Костромской области». Вступил в силу 11 апреля 2014 г. Опубликован: "СП — нормативные документы", №15, 11 апреля 2014 г.</span></span> (Administration of Kostroma Oblast. Resolution #133-a of April 8, 2014 <i>On the Adoption of the Registry of the Inhabited Localities of Kostroma Oblast</i>. Effective as of April 11, 2014.).</li> <li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Костромская областная Дума. Закон №237-ЗКО от 30 декабря 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом», в ред. Закона №496-5-ЗКО от 28 февраля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Костромской области "Об установлении границ муниципальных образований в Костромской области и наделении их статусом"». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Северная Правда" ("Документы: СпецВыпуск"), №8, 26 января 2005 г.</span></span> (Kostroma Oblast Duma. Law #237-ZKO of December 30, 2004 <i>On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses</i>, as amended by the Law #496-5-ZKO of February 28, 2014 <i>On Amending the Law of Kostroma Oblast "On the Establishment of the Borders of the Municipal Formations and on Granting Them Statuses"</i>. Effective as of after 10 days following the official publication date.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Kostroma#Q2592" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gradkostroma.ru/">Official website of Kostroma</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1374" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1374" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2592#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130193679">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJB8qrPkrY8rxPYXy7B773">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4357056-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81046921">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974209x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974209x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kostroma (Rusko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129650&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007557311905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/3c8ab119-72a0-4132-935f-2b441f457137">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Kostroma_Oblast288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kostroma_Oblast" title="Template:Kostroma Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kostroma_Oblast" title="Template talk:Kostroma Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kostroma_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kostroma Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Kostroma_Oblast288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Kostroma Oblast">Administrative divisions of Kostroma Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Administrative center</a>: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a></b> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Kostroma_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Kostroma Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antropovsky_District" title="Antropovsky District">Antropovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buysky_District" title="Buysky District">Buysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukhlomsky_District" title="Chukhlomsky District">Chukhlomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galichsky_District" title="Galichsky District">Galichsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadyysky_District" title="Kadyysky District">Kadyysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kologrivsky_District" title="Kologrivsky District">Kologrivsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostromskoy_District" title="Kostromskoy District">Kostromskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoselsky_District,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Krasnoselsky District, Kostroma Oblast">Krasnoselsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaryevsky_District" title="Makaryevsky District">Makaryevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manturovsky_District,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Manturovsky District, Kostroma Oblast">Manturovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezhevskoy_District" title="Mezhevskoy District">Mezhevskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerekhtsky_District" title="Nerekhtsky District">Nerekhtsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neysky_District" title="Neysky District">Neysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky_District,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky District, Kostroma Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrovsky_District,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Ostrovsky District, Kostroma Oblast">Ostrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parfenyevsky_District" title="Parfenyevsky District">Parfenyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavinsky_District" title="Pavinsky District">Pavinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponazyrevsky_District" title="Ponazyrevsky District">Ponazyrevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyshchugsky_District" title="Pyshchugsky District">Pyshchugsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharyinsky_District" title="Sharyinsky District">Sharyinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soligalichsky_District" title="Soligalichsky District">Soligalichsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudislavsky_District" title="Sudislavsky District">Sudislavsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susaninsky_District" title="Susaninsky District">Susaninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vokhomsky_District" title="Vokhomsky District">Vokhomsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Types_of_inhabited_localities_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Types of inhabited localities in Russia">Cities and towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buy,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Buy, Kostroma Oblast">Buy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chukhloma" title="Chukhloma">Chukhloma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galich,_Russia" title="Galich, Russia">Galich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kologriv" title="Kologriv">Kologriv</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makaryev" title="Makaryev">Makaryev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manturovo,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Manturovo, Kostroma Oblast">Manturovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerekhta,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Nerekhta, Kostroma Oblast">Nerekhta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neya_(town)" title="Neya (town)">Neya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharya" title="Sharya">Sharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soligalich" title="Soligalich">Soligalich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgorechensk" title="Volgorechensk">Volgorechensk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chistye_Bory" title="Chistye Bory">Chistye Bory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadyy" title="Kadyy">Kadyy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoye-na-Volge" title="Krasnoye-na-Volge">Krasnoye-na-Volge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponazyrevo" title="Ponazyrevo">Ponazyrevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudislavl" title="Sudislavl">Sudislavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanino,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Susanino, Kostroma Oblast">Susanino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vetluzhsky,_Kostroma_Oblast" title="Vetluzhsky, Kostroma Oblast">Vetluzhsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Ring_of_Russia66" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Ring" title="Template:Golden Ring"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Ring" title="Template talk:Golden Ring"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Ring" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Ring"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Ring_of_Russia66" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Ring_of_Russia" title="Golden Ring of Russia">Golden Ring of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main route</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pereslavl-Zalessky" title="Pereslavl-Zalessky">Pereslavl-Zalessky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Veliky" title="Rostov Veliky">Rostov Veliky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzdal" title="Suzdal">Suzdal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Additional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrov,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast">Alexandrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogolyubovo,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Bogolyubovo, Vladimir Oblast">Bogolyubovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorokhovets,_Vladimir_Oblast" title="Gorokhovets, Vladimir Oblast">Gorokhovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus-Khrustalny_(town)" title="Gus-Khrustalny (town)">Gus-Khrustalny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyazin" title="Kalyazin">Kalyazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasimov" title="Kasimov">Kasimov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kideksha" title="Kideksha">Kideksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murom" title="Murom">Murom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myshkin_(town)" title="Myshkin (town)">Myshkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palekh" title="Palekh">Palekh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plyos,_Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Plyos, Ivanovo Oblast">Plyos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rybinsk" title="Rybinsk">Rybinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuya,_Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Shuya, Ivanovo Oblast">Shuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutayev" 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