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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Stellar collisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stellar_collisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_hole_collisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_hole_collisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Black hole collisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_hole_collisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fate_of_the_Solar_System" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fate_of_the_Solar_System"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fate of the Solar System</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fate_of_the_Solar_System-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_triggered_stellar_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_triggered_stellar_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Possible triggered stellar events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Possible_triggered_stellar_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merger_remnant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merger_remnant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Merger remnant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merger_remnant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9" title="اصطدام أندروميدا ودرب اللبانة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اصطدام أندروميدا ودرب اللبانة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Col%C2%B7lisi%C3%B3_entre_Andr%C3%B2meda_i_la_Via_L%C3%A0ctia" title="Col·lisió entre Andròmeda i la Via Làctia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Col·lisió entre Andròmeda i la Via Làctia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolize_galaxie_v_Andromed%C4%9B_s_Ml%C3%A9%C4%8Dnou_dr%C3%A1hou" title="Kolize galaxie v Andromedě s Mléčnou dráhou – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolize galaxie v Andromedě s Mléčnou dráhou" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammenst%C3%B8det_mellem_Andromedagalaksen_og_M%C3%A6lkevejen" title="Sammenstødet mellem Andromedagalaksen og Mælkevejen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sammenstødet mellem Andromedagalaksen og Mælkevejen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda-Milchstra%C3%9Fen-Kollision" title="Andromeda-Milchstraßen-Kollision – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Andromeda-Milchstraßen-Kollision" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colisi%C3%B3n_V%C3%ADa_L%C3%A1ctea-Andr%C3%B3meda" title="Colisión Vía Láctea-Andrómeda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Colisión Vía Láctea-Andrómeda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda-Esne_Bidea_talka" title="Andromeda-Esne Bidea talka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Andromeda-Esne Bidea talka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="برخورد راه شیری و آندرومدا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="برخورد راه شیری و آندرومدا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_entre_la_galaxie_d%27Androm%C3%A8de_et_la_Voie_lact%C3%A9e" title="Collision entre la galaxie d'Andromède et la Voie lactée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Collision entre la galaxie d'Andromède et la Voie lactée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C%EB%A9%94%EB%8B%A4_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%99%80_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%AC_%EC%9D%80%ED%95%98%EC%9D%98_%EC%B6%A9%EB%8F%8C" title="안드로메다 은하와 우리 은하의 충돌 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안드로메다 은하와 우리 은하의 충돌" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BE%D5%AB%D6%80_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%87_%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%A1_%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ծիր Կաթին և Անդրոմեդա գալակտիկաների բախում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ծիր Կաթին և Անդրոմեդա գալակտիկաների բախում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudar_Andromede_i_Mlije%C4%8Dnog_puta" title="Sudar Andromede i Mliječnog puta – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sudar Andromede i Mliječnog puta" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabrakan_Andromeda%E2%80%93Bima_Sakti" title="Tabrakan Andromeda–Bima Sakti – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tabrakan Andromeda–Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisione_tra_Andromeda_e_la_Via_Lattea" title="Collisione tra Andromeda e la Via Lattea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Collisione tra Andromeda e la Via Lattea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%90-%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ანდრომედა-ირმის ნახტომის შეჯახება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანდრომედა-ირმის ნახტომის შეჯახება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%81_%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D2%A3_%D1%81%D0%BE%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%93%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Андромеда галактикасы мен Құс жолының соқтығысуы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Андромеда галактикасы мен Құс жолының соқтығысуы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromedos_ir_Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C5%B3_Tako_galaktik%C5%B3_susid%C5%ABrimas" title="Andromedos ir Paukščių Tako galaktikų susidūrimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Andromedos ir Paukščių Tako galaktikų susidūrimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az_Androm%C3%A9da-galaxis_%C3%A9s_a_Tej%C3%BAtrendszer_%C3%BCtk%C3%B6z%C3%A9se" title="Az Androméda-galaxis és a Tejútrendszer ütközése – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Az Androméda-galaxis és a Tejútrendszer ütközése" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlanggaran_Andromeda%E2%80%93Bima_Sakti" title="Perlanggaran Andromeda–Bima Sakti – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perlanggaran Andromeda–Bima Sakti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E7%B3%BB%E3%81%A8%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%A1%E3%83%80%E9%8A%80%E6%B2%B3%E3%81%AE%E8%A1%9D%E7%AA%81%E5%90%88%E4%BD%93" title="銀河系とアンドロメダ銀河の衝突合体 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="銀河系とアンドロメダ銀河の衝突合体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zderzenie_Galaktyki_Andromedy_z_Drog%C4%85_Mleczn%C4%85" title="Zderzenie Galaktyki Andromedy z Drogą Mleczną – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zderzenie Galaktyki Andromedy z Drogą Mleczną" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colis%C3%A3o_Andr%C3%B4meda-Via_L%C3%A1ctea" title="Colisão Andrômeda-Via Láctea – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colisão Andrômeda-Via Láctea" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliziunea_Andromeda%E2%80%93Calea_Lactee" title="Coliziunea Andromeda–Calea Lactee – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coliziunea Andromeda–Calea Lactee" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Столкновение Млечного Пути и галактики Андромеды – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Столкновение Млечного Пути и галактики Андромеды" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milky_Way%E2%80%93Andromeda_collision" title="Milky Way–Andromeda collision – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Milky Way–Andromeda collision" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromedan_ja_Linnunradan_yhdistyminen" title="Andromedan ja Linnunradan yhdistyminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Andromedan ja Linnunradan yhdistyminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollisionen_mellan_Andromedagalaxen_och_Vintergatan" title="Kollisionen mellan Andromedagalaxen och Vintergatan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kollisionen mellan Andromedagalaxen och Vintergatan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பால்வழி-அந்திரொமேடா மோதல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பால்வழி-அந்திரொமேடா மோதல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="การชนกันของดาราจักรแอนดรอมิดากับทางช้างเผือก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การชนกันของดาราจักรแอนดรอมิดากับทางช้างเผือก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda-Samanyolu_%C3%A7arp%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1" title="Andromeda-Samanyolu çarpışması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Andromeda-Samanyolu çarpışması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Predicted galactic collision</div> <p>The <b>Andromeda–Milky Way collision</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Interacting_galaxy" title="Interacting galaxy">galactic collision</a> predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest <a href="/wiki/Galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxies">galaxies</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> (which contains the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sohn_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sohn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nature1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-muir_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Universe_Today_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Universe_Today-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stars involved are sufficiently far apart that it is improbable that any of them will individually collide,<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though some stars will be ejected.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (May 2022)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Certainty">Certainty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Certainty"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg/266px-Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg/400px-Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg/533px-Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision_sequence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1227" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>This series of photo illustrations shows the predicted merger between the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way galaxy</a> and the neighboring <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres per second (68.4 mi/s)<sup id="cite_ref-nature1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as indicated by <a href="/wiki/Blueshift" class="mw-redirect" title="Blueshift">blueshift</a>. However, the lateral speed (measured as <a href="/wiki/Proper_motion" title="Proper motion">proper motion</a>) is very difficult to measure with sufficient precision to draw reasonable conclusions. Until 2012, it was not known whether the possible collision was definitely going to happen or not.<sup id="cite_ref-vanderMarel2012_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderMarel2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers then used the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> to measure the positions of stars in Andromeda in 2002 and 2010, relative to hundreds of distant background galaxies. By averaging over thousands of stars, they were able to obtain the average proper motion with sub-pixel accuracy. The conclusion was that Andromeda is moving southeast in the sky at less than 0.1 <a href="/wiki/Milliarc-second" class="mw-redirect" title="Milliarc-second">milliarc-seconds</a> per year, corresponding to a speed relative to the Sun of less than 200 km/s towards the south and towards the east. Taking also into account the Sun's motion, Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to be much smaller than the speed of approach (consistent with zero given the uncertainty) and therefore it will eventually merge with the Milky Way in around 5 billion years.<sup id="cite_ref-Sohn_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sohn-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nature1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such collisions are relatively common, considering galaxies' long lifespans. Andromeda, for example, is believed to have collided with at least one other galaxy in the past,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and several <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_galaxies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dwarf galaxies">dwarf galaxies</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Sgr dSph</a> are currently colliding with the Milky Way and being merged into it. </p><p>The studies also suggest that M33, the <a href="/wiki/Triangulum_Galaxy" title="Triangulum Galaxy">Triangulum Galaxy</a>—the third-largest and third-brightest galaxy of the Local Group—will participate in the collision event, too. Its most likely fate is to end up orbiting the merger remnant of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies and finally to merge with it in an even more distant future. However, a collision with the Milky Way, before it collides with the Andromeda Galaxy, or an ejection from the Local Group cannot be ruled out.<sup id="cite_ref-vanderMarel2012_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderMarel2012-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stellar_collisions">Stellar collisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Stellar collisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/220px--Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="77" data-mwtitle="Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv/Andromeda_and_Milky_Way_collision.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> conception of the collision using <a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">computer-generated imagery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>While the Andromeda Galaxy contains about 1 trillion (10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001120000000000000♠"></span>12</span></sup>) <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a> and the Milky Way contains about 300 billion (3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001110000000000000♠"></span>11</span></sup>), the chance of even two stars colliding is negligible because of the huge distances between the stars. For example, the nearest star to the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">Sun</a> is <a href="/wiki/Proxima_Centauri" title="Proxima Centauri">Proxima Centauri</a>, about 4.2 light-years (4.0<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>13</sup> km; 2.5<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup>13</sup> mi) or 30 million (3<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7000700000000000000♠"></span>7</span></sup>) solar diameters away. </p><p>To visualize that scale, if the Sun were a <a href="/wiki/Ping-pong_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Ping-pong ball">ping-pong ball</a>, Proxima Centauri would be a pea about 1,100 km (680 mi) away, and the Milky Way would be about 30 million km (19 million mi) wide. Although stars are more common near the centers of each galaxy, the average distance between stars is still 160 billion (1.6<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10<sup><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001110000000000000♠"></span>11</span></sup>) km (100 billion mi). That is analogous to one ping-pong ball every 3.2 km (2 mi). Thus, it is extremely unlikely that any two stars from the merging galaxies would collide.<sup id="cite_ref-NASA_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NASA-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Black_hole_collisions">Black hole collisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Black hole collisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies each contain a central <a href="/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole" title="Supermassive black hole">supermassive black hole</a> (SMBH), these being <a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A*" title="Sagittarius A*">Sagittarius A*</a> (c. <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7036715878000000000♠"></span>3.6<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Solar_mass" title="Solar mass"><i>M</i><sub>☉</sub></a></span>) and an object within the <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy#Nucleus" title="Andromeda Galaxy">P2 concentration of Andromeda's nucleus</a> (<span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7038397709999999999♠"></span>1–2<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>8</sup> <i>M</i><sub>☉</sub></span>). These black holes will converge near the centre of the newly formed galaxy over a period that may take millions of years, due to a process known as <a href="/wiki/Dynamical_friction" title="Dynamical friction">dynamical friction</a>: as the SMBHs move relative to the surrounding cloud of much less massive stars, gravitational interactions lead to a net transfer of <a href="/wiki/Orbital_energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital energy">orbital energy</a> from the SMBHs to the stars, causing the stars to be <a href="/wiki/Gravity_assist" title="Gravity assist">"slingshotted"</a> into higher-radius orbits, and the SMBHs to "sink" toward the galactic core. When the SMBHs come within one light-year of one another, they will begin to strongly emit <a href="/wiki/Gravitational_wave" title="Gravitational wave">gravitational waves</a> that will radiate further orbital energy until they merge completely. Gas taken up by the combined black hole could create a luminous <a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasar</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus" title="Active galactic nucleus">active galactic nucleus</a>, releasing as much energy as 100 million <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a> explosions.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2006, simulations indicated that the Sun might be brought near the centre of the combined galaxy, potentially coming near one of the black holes before being ejected entirely out of the galaxy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, the Sun might approach one of the black holes a bit closer and be torn apart by its gravity. Parts of the former Sun would be pulled into the black hole.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fate_of_the_Solar_System">Fate of the Solar System</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fate of the Solar System"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System#Galactic_collision_and_planetary_disruption" title="Formation and evolution of the Solar System">Formation and evolution of the Solar System § Galactic collision and planetary disruption</a></div> <p>Based on data available in 2007, two scientists with the <a href="/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Smithsonian_Center_for_Astrophysics" title="Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics">Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</a> predict a 50% chance that in a merged galaxy, the Solar System will be swept out three times farther from the galactic core than its current distance.<sup id="cite_ref-muir_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muir-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also predict a 12% chance that the Solar System will be ejected from the new galaxy sometime during the collision.<sup id="cite_ref-Cain_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cain-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cox2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such an event would have no adverse effect on the system and the chances of any sort of disturbance to the Sun or planets themselves may be remote.<sup id="cite_ref-Cain_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cain-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cox2008_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excluding <a href="/wiki/Planetary_engineering" title="Planetary engineering">planetary engineering</a>, by the time the two galaxies collide, the surface of the Earth will have already become far too hot for liquid water to exist, ending all terrestrial life; that is currently estimated to occur in about 0.5 to 1.5 billion years due to gradually increasing <a href="/wiki/Luminosity_of_the_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Luminosity of the Sun">luminosity of the Sun</a>; by the time of the collision, the Sun's luminosity will have risen by 35–40%, likely initiating a <a href="/wiki/Runaway_greenhouse_effect" title="Runaway greenhouse effect">runaway greenhouse effect</a> on the planet by this time.<sup id="cite_ref-Schroeder_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schroeder-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_triggered_stellar_events">Possible triggered stellar events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Possible triggered stellar events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When two spiral galaxies collide, the <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> present on their disks is compressed, producing <a href="/wiki/Starburst_galaxy" title="Starburst galaxy">strong star formation</a> as can be seen on interacting systems like the <a href="/wiki/Antennae_Galaxies" title="Antennae Galaxies">Antennae Galaxies</a>. In the case of the Andromeda–Milky Way collision, it is believed that there will be little gas remaining in the disks of both galaxies, so the mentioned starburst will be relatively weak, though it still may be enough to form a <a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox2008_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Merger_remnant">Merger remnant</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Merger remnant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The galaxy product of the collision has been named <i>Milkomeda</i> or <i>Milkdromeda</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to simulations, this object is likely to be a giant <a href="/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy" title="Elliptical galaxy">elliptical galaxy</a>, but with a centre showing less stellar density than current elliptical galaxies.<sup id="cite_ref-Cox2008_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cox2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is, however, possible the resulting object will be a large <a href="/wiki/Lenticular_galaxy" title="Lenticular galaxy">lenticular</a> or super spiral galaxy, depending on the amount of remaining gas in the Milky Way and Andromeda.<sup id="cite_ref-Ueda2014_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ueda2014-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future" title="Timeline of the far future">Over the course of the next 150 billion years</a>, the remaining galaxies of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> will coalesce into this object, effectively completing its evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NGC_2207_and_IC_2163" title="NGC 2207 and IC 2163">NGC 2207 and IC 2163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayall%27s_Object" title="Mayall's Object">Mayall's Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe" title="Ultimate fate of the universe">Ultimate fate of the universe</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Sohn-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sohn_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sohn_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite 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href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12173790">12173790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+of+Modern+Physics&rft.atitle=A+dying+universe%3A+the+long-term+fate+and+evolution+of+astrophysical+objects&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=337-372&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9701131&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12173790%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FRevModPhys.69.337&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997RvMP...69..337A&rft.au=Fred+C.+Adams&rft.au=Gregory+Laughlin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromeda%E2%80%93Milky+Way+collision" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda%E2%80%93Milky_Way_collision&action=edit&section=9" 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head-on crash"</a>. <i>Deep Space Videos</i>. <a href="/wiki/Brady_Haran" title="Brady Haran">Brady Haran</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deep+Space+Videos&rft.atitle=Milky+Way+vs+Andromeda%3A+The+ultimate+head-on+crash&rft.aulast=Merrifield&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deepskyvideos.com%2Fvideos%2Fother%2Fandromeda_collision.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndromeda%E2%80%93Milky+Way+collision" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Template talk:Andromeda Galaxy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Andromeda Galaxy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Andromeda_Galaxy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy" title="Andromeda Galaxy">Andromeda Galaxy</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" title="List of Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Andromeda subgroup</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Local_Sheet" title="Local Sheet">Local Sheet</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Local_Hole" title="Local Hole">Local Hole</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">Observable universe</a> <big>→</big> <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Each  <big>→</big> may be read as "within" or "part of".</span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andromeda_Galaxy_(with_h-alpha).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andromeda Galaxy"><img alt="Andromeda Galaxy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg/85px-Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg/128px-Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg/170px-Andromeda_Galaxy_%28with_h-alpha%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Andromeda Galaxy</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Andromeda%27s_satellite_galaxies" title="List of Andromeda's satellite galaxies">Satellite galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Messier_32" title="Messier 32">M32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messier_110" title="Messier 110">M110</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_185" title="NGC 185">NGC 185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_147" title="NGC 147">NGC 147</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_I" title="Andromeda I">Andromeda I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_II" title="Andromeda II">Andromeda II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_III" title="Andromeda III">Andromeda III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_IV" title="Andromeda IV">Andromeda IV</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_V" title="Andromeda V">Andromeda V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" title="Pegasus Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Andromeda VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassiopeia_Dwarf" title="Cassiopeia Dwarf">Andromeda VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_VIII" title="Andromeda VIII">Andromeda VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_IX" title="Andromeda IX">Andromeda IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_X" title="Andromeda X">Andromeda X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_XI" title="Andromeda XI">Andromeda XI</a></li> <li>Andromeda XII</li> <li>Andromeda XIII</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XIV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XIV (page does not exist)">Andromeda XIV</a></li> <li>Andromeda XV</li> <li>Andromeda XVI</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XVII (page does not exist)">Andromeda XVII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_XVIII" title="Andromeda XVIII">Andromeda XVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_XIX" title="Andromeda XIX">Andromeda XIX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XX (page does not exist)">Andromeda XX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_XXI" title="Andromeda XXI">Andromeda XXI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_XXII" title="Andromeda XXII">Andromeda XXII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXIII (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXIV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXIV (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXIV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXV (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXVI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXVI (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXVI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXVII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXVII (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXVII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXVIII (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXVIII</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andromeda_XXIX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andromeda XXIX (page does not exist)">Andromeda XXIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_subgroup" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangulum subgroup">Triangulum subgroup</a>*<br /></li></ul> <p><b>*</b>It is uncertain whether these are companion galaxies of the Andromeda Galaxy </p> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Star_catalogue" title="Star catalogue">Catalogued stars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AE_Andromedae" title="AE Andromedae">AE Andromedae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF_Andromedae" title="AF Andromedae">AF Andromedae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M31-RV" title="M31-RV">M31-RV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN_1885A" title="SN 1885A">S Andromedae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayall_II" title="Mayall II">Mayall II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M32p" title="M32p">M32p</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NGC_206" title="NGC 206">NGC 206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3XMM_J004232.1%2B411314" title="3XMM J004232.1+411314">3XMM J004232.1+411314</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Milky_Way" title="Template:Milky Way"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Milky_Way" title="Template talk:Milky Way"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Milky_Way" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Milky Way"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Milky_Way" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Location</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way" title="Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way">Milky Way subgroup</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Local_Sheet" title="Local Sheet">Local Sheet</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Local_Hole" title="Local Hole">Local Hole</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">Observable universe</a> <span style="font-size:120%">→</span> <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Each arrow (<span style="font-size:120%">→</span>) may be read as "within" or "part of".</span></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Milky Way Galaxy"><img alt="The Milky Way Galaxy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/85px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/128px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg/170px-Artist%E2%80%99s_impression_of_the_Milky_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5600" data-file-height="5600" /></a><figcaption>The Milky Way Galaxy</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Center" title="Galactic Center">Galactic Center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A" title="Sagittarius A">Sagittarius A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_A*" title="Sagittarius A*">Sagittarius A*</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fermi_bubble" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermi bubble">Fermi bubbles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassive_black_hole" title="Supermassive black hole">Supermassive black hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_Center_filament" title="Galactic Center filament">Galactic Center filaments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_disc#Structure_of_the_Milky_Way_Disc" title="Galactic disc">Disk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carina%E2%80%93Sagittarius_Arm" title="Carina–Sagittarius Arm">Carina–Sagittarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norma_Arm" title="Norma Arm">Norma–Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">Orion–Cygnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perseus_Arm" title="Perseus Arm">Perseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scutum%E2%80%93Centaurus_Arm" title="Scutum–Centaurus Arm">Scutum–Centaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_3_kpc_Arm" title="Near 3 kpc Arm">Near 3 kpc Arm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_3_kpc_Arm" title="Far 3 kpc Arm">Far 3 kpc Arm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galactic_halo" title="Galactic halo">Halo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_Stream" title="Aquarius Stream">Aquarius Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbulthul_stream" title="Fimbulthul stream">Fimbulthul stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_Sausage" title="Gaia Sausage">Gaia Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmi_stream" title="Helmi stream">Helmi stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellanic_Stream" title="Magellanic Stream">Magellanic Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoceros_Ring" title="Monoceros Ring">Monoceros Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palomar_5" title="Palomar 5">Palomar 5</a> stream</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces-Eridanus_stellar_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Pisces-Eridanus stellar stream">Pisces-Eridanus stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_Stream" title="Sagittarius Stream">Sagittarius Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_Stellar_Stream" title="Virgo Stellar Stream">Virgo Stream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way" title="Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way">Satellite<br />galaxies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds" title="Magellanic Clouds">Magellanic Clouds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Large Magellanic Cloud">Large Magellanic Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Magellanic_Cloud" title="Small Magellanic Cloud">Small Magellanic Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magellanic_Bridge" title="Magellanic Bridge">Magellanic Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy" title="Dwarf galaxy">Dwarfs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antlia_II" title="Antlia II">Antlia II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_I" title="Boötes I">Boötes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_II" title="Boötes II">Boötes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_III" title="Boötes III">Boötes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canes_Venatici_I" title="Canes Venatici I">Canes Venatici I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canes_Venatici_II" title="Canes Venatici II">Canes Venatici II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canis_Major_Overdensity" title="Canis Major Overdensity">Canis Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carina_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" title="Carina Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Carina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coma_Berenices_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Coma Berenices (dwarf galaxy)">Coma Berenices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crater_2_Dwarf" title="Crater 2 Dwarf">Crater 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draco_Dwarf" title="Draco Dwarf">Draco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eridanus_II" title="Eridanus II">Eridanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornax_Dwarf" title="Fornax Dwarf">Fornax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Hercules (dwarf galaxy)">Hercules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_I_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Leo I (dwarf galaxy)">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_II_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Leo II (dwarf galaxy)">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_IV_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Leo IV (dwarf galaxy)">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_V_(dwarf_galaxy)" title="Leo V (dwarf galaxy)">Leo V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_T" title="Leo T">Leo T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Dwarf" title="Phoenix Dwarf">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_Overdensity" title="Pisces Overdensity">Pisces Overdensity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pisces_II" title="Pisces II">Pisces II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reticulum_II" title="Reticulum II">Reticulum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagittarius_Dwarf_Spheroidal_Galaxy" title="Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy">Sagittarius Spheroidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segue_1" title="Segue 1">Segue 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segue_2" title="Segue 2">Segue 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculptor_Dwarf_Galaxy" title="Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy">Sculptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sextans_Dwarf_Spheroidal" title="Sextans Dwarf Spheroidal">Sextans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulum_II" title="Triangulum II">Triangulum II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major_I_Dwarf" title="Ursa Major I Dwarf">Ursa Major I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major_II_Dwarf" title="Ursa Major II Dwarf">Ursa Major II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Major_III" title="Ursa Major III">Ursa Major III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ursa_Minor_Dwarf" title="Ursa Minor Dwarf">Ursa Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgo_I" title="Virgo I">Virgo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willman_1" title="Willman 1">Willman 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_the_Milky_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="List of names for the Milky Way">Alternate names</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Andromeda–Milky Way collision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baade%27s_Window" title="Baade's Window">Baade's Window</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milky_Way_(mythology)" title="Milky Way (mythology)">In mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_of_Avoidance" title="Zone of Avoidance">Zone of Avoidance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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.navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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