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fungi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pathogenic fungi"> <meta name="keywords" content="pathogenic fungi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pathogenic fungi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 816</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pathogenic fungi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">816</span> Analysis of Pathogen Populations Occurring in Oilseed Rape Using DNA Sequencing Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20Starzycka-Korbas">Elizabeth Starzycka-Korbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Starzycki"> Michal Starzycki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Rybinski"> Wojciech Rybinski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miros%C5%82awa%20Dabert"> Mirosława Dabert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For a few years, the populations of pathogenic fungi occurring in winter oilseed rape in Malyszyn were analyzed. Brassica napus L. in Poland and in the world is a source of energy for both the men (oil), and animals, as post-extraction middling, as well as a motor fuel (oil, biofuel) therefore studies of this type are very important. The species composition of pathogenic fungi can be an indicator of seed yield. The occurrence of oilseed rape pathogens during several years were analyzed using the sequencing method DNA ITS. The results were compared in the gene bank using the program NCBI / BLAST. In field conditions before harvest of oilseed rape presence of pathogens infesting B. napus has been assessed. For example, in 2015, 150 samples have been isolated and applied to PDA medium for the identification of belonging species. From all population has been selected mycelium of 83 isolates which were sequenced. Others (67 isolates) were pathogenic fungi of the genus Alternaria which are easily to recognize. The population of pathogenic species on oilseed rape have been identified after analyzing the DNA ITS and include: Leptosphaeria sp. 38 (L. maculans 25, L. biglobosa 13), Alternaria sp. 29, Fusarium sp. 3, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 7, heterogeneous 6, total of 83 isolates. The genus Alternaria sp. fungi wear the largest share of B. napus pathogens in particular years. Another dangerous species for oilseed rape was Leptosphaeria sp. Populations of pathogens in each year were different. The number of pathogens occurring in the field and their composition is very important for breeders and farmers because of the possible selection of the most resistant genotypes for sowing in the next growing season. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20napus" title="B. napus">B. napus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20ITS%20Sequencing" title=" DNA ITS Sequencing"> DNA ITS Sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20fungi" title=" pathogenic fungi"> pathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49476/analysis-of-pathogen-populations-occurring-in-oilseed-rape-using-dna-sequencing-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">815</span> Molecular Profiling and Potential Bioactive Characteristics of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Leptadenia Pyrotechnica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walaa%20Al-Maghraby">Walaa Al-Maghraby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytes are organisms that colonize internal plant tissues without causing apparent harm to their host. Almost all groups of microorganisms have been found in endophytic association with plants may be fungi. They stimulate the production of secondary metabolites with a diverse range of biological activities. Leptadenia pyrotechnica is a more or less leafless, erect shrub with straight stems which is highly distributed in Saudi Arabia. Four endophytes fungi were isolated from Leptadenia pyrotechnica and identified using 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, which revealed four fungi genuses, namely Aspergillus terreus; Aspergillus welwitschiae; Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus. In this present study, four endophytic fungi from Leptadenia pyrotechnica were used for obtaining crude aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts for antimicrobial screening against 6 human pathogens, the antibacterial tests presented satisfactory results, where the pathogenic bacteria were inhibited by the four extracts tested, except for Escherichia coli that was inhibited by all extracts except ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus terreus. Analysis of variance showed that the extract produced by endophyte Leptadenia pyrotechnica was the most effective against all bacteria, either gram-negative or positive. However, the extract was not efficient against pathogenic fungi. Therefore, this study indicates that endophytes from medicinal plant Leptadenia pyrotechnica could be potential sources of antibacterial substances. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity" title="antimicrobial activity">antimicrobial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20sp" title=" Aspergillus sp"> Aspergillus sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytes" title=" endophytes"> endophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leptadenia%20pyrotechnica" title=" Leptadenia pyrotechnica"> Leptadenia pyrotechnica</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120642/molecular-profiling-and-potential-bioactive-characteristics-of-endophytic-fungi-isolated-from-leptadenia-pyrotechnica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">814</span> Extract and Naphthoquinone Derivatives from in vitro Culture of an Ascomycetous Marine Fungus with Antibacterial Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uftah%20Ali%20M.%20Shushni">Uftah Ali M. Shushni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Viola%20Stuppec"> Viola Stuppec</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulrike%20Lindequist"> Ulrike Lindequist</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the evolving resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics, there is an increasing need for new antibiotics not only in human but also in veterinary medicine. As part of our ongoing work on the secondary metabolites produced by marine fungi, the organic extract of the culture filtrate of an Ascomycetous fungus, which was found on driftwood collected from the coast of the Greifswalder Bodden, Baltic Sea, Germany displayed antimicrobial activity against some fish and human pathogenic bacteria. Bioactivity-guided column chromatographic separation led to the isolation of 6-Deoxybostrycoidin. The structure was determined from the interpretation of spectroscopic data (UV, MS, and NMR). 6-Deoxybostrycoidin exhibited in vitro activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Flexibacter maritimus with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 25, 12.5 and 12.5 μg/ml respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title="marine fungi">marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" fish pathogenic bacteria"> fish pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganism" title=" microorganism"> microorganism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine "> medicine </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19261/extract-and-naphthoquinone-derivatives-from-in-vitro-culture-of-an-ascomycetous-marine-fungus-with-antibacterial-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">529</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">813</span> Isolation, Identification and Screening of Pectinase Producing Fungi Isolated from Apple (Malus Domestica)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shameel%20Pervez">Shameel Pervez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Aziz%20Durrani"> Saad Aziz Durrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibatsam%20Khokhar"> Ibatsam Khokhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pectinase is an enzyme that breaks down pectin, a compound responsible for structural integrity of the plant. Pectin is difficult to break down mechanically and the cost is very high, that is why many industries including food industries use pectinase enzyme produced by microbes for pectin breakdown. Apple (Malus domestica) is an important fruit in terms of market value. Every year, millions of apples are wasted due to post-harvest rot caused by fungi. Fungi are natural decomposers of our ecosystem and are infamous for post-harvest rot of apple fruit but at the same time they are prized for their high production of valuable extracellular enzymes such as pectinase. In this study, fungi belonging to different genus were isolated from rotten apples. Rotten samples of apple were picked from different markets of Lahore. After surface sterilization, the rotten parts were cut into small pieces and placed onto MEA media plates for three days. Afterwards, distinct colonies were picked and purified by sub-culturing. The isolates were identified to genus level through the study of basic colony morphology and microscopic features. The isolates were then subjected to screening for pectinase activity on MS media to compare pectinase production and were then subsequently tested for pathogenic activity through wound suspension method to evaluate the pathogenic activity of isolates in comparison with their pectinolytic activity. A total of twelve fungal strains were isolates from rotten apples. They were belonging to genus Penicillium, Alternaria, Paecilomyces and Rhizopus. Upon screening for pectinolytic activity, isolates Pen 1, Pen 4, and Rz showed high pectinolytic activity and were further subjected to DNA isolation and partial sequencing for species identification. The results of partial sequencing were combined with in-depth study of morphological features revealing Pen 1 as Penicillium janthinellum, Pen 4 as Penicillium griseofulvum, and Rz as Rhizopus microsporus. Pathogenic activity of all twelve isolates was evaluated. Penicillium spp. were highly pathogenic and destructive and same was the case with Paecilomyces sp. and Rhizopus sp. However, Alternaria spp. were found to be more consistent in their pathogenic activity, on all types of apples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apple" title="apple">apple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pectinase" title=" pectinase"> pectinase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20pathogens" title=" fungal pathogens"> fungal pathogens</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penicillium" title=" penicillium"> penicillium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizopus" title=" rhizopus"> rhizopus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176393/isolation-identification-and-screening-of-pectinase-producing-fungi-isolated-from-apple-malus-domestica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">812</span> In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil Artemisia Absinthium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchenak%20Fatima">Bouchenak Fatima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lmegharbi%20Abdelbaki"> Lmegharbi Abdelbaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Houssem%20Degaichia"> Houssem Degaichia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benrebiha%20Fatima"> Benrebiha Fatima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The essential oil composition of the leaf of Artemisia absinthium from region of Cherchell (The south of Algeria) was investigated by GC, GC-MS. 27 constituents were identified correspond to 84, 63% of the total oil. The major components are Thujone (60, 82%), Chamazulènel (16, 62%), ρ-cymène (4, 29%) and 2-carène (4.25%). The antimicrobial activity of oil was tested in vitro by two methods (agar diffusion and microdilution) on three plant pathogenic fungi. This oil has been tested for antimicrobial activity against three pathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum and Helminthosporium Sp.).The study of activity was evaluated by two methods: Method of diffusion in gelose and the minimum inhibitory concentration MIC. This oil exhibited an interesting antimicrobial activity. A preliminary study showed that this oil presented high toxicity against this fungus. These results, although preliminary show a good antifungal activity, to limit and inhibit stop the development of those pathogen agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artemisia%20absinthian" title="artemisia absinthian">artemisia absinthian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20process" title=" extraction process"> extraction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20study" title=" chemical study"> chemical study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title=" antifungal activity"> antifungal activity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23681/in-vitro-antifungal-activity-of-essential-oil-artemisia-absinthium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">811</span> Investigating the Potential Use of Unsaturated Fatty Acids as Antifungal Crop Protective Agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azadeh%20Yasari">Azadeh Yasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Ganzle"> Michael Ganzle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephen%20Strelkov"> Stephen Strelkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuanyi%20Liang"> Nuanyi Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Curtis"> Jonathan Curtis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nat%20N.%20V.%20Kav"> Nat N. V. Kav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathogenic fungi cause significant yield losses and quality reductions to major crops including wheat, canola, and barley. Toxic metabolites produced by phytopathogenic fungi also pose significant risks to animal and human health. Extensive application of synthetic fungicides is not a sustainable solution since it poses risks to human, animal and environmental health. Unsaturated fatty acids may provide an environmentally friendly alternative because of their direct antifungal activity against phytopathogens as well as through the stimulation of plant defense pathways. The present study assessed the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of two hydroxy fatty acids, coriolic acid and ricinoleic acid, against the phytopathogens Fusarium graminearum, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Pyrenophora teres f. teres, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Leptosphaeria maculans. Antifungal activity of coriolic acid and ricinoleic acid was evaluated using broth micro-dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results indicated that both ricinoleic acid and coriolic acid showed antifungal activity against phytopathogens, with the strongest inhibitory activity against L. maculans, but the MIC varied greatly between species. An antifungal effect was observed for coriolic acid in vivo against pathogenic fungi of wheat and barley. This effect was not correlated to the in vitro activity because ricinoleic acid with equivalent in vitro antifungal activity showed no protective effect in vivo. Moreover, neither coriolic acid nor ricinoleic acid controlled fungal pathogens of canola. In conclusion, coriolic acid inhibits some phytopathogens in vivo and may have the potential to be an effective crop protection agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coriolic%20acid" title="coriolic acid">coriolic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minimum%20inhibitory%20concentration" title=" minimum inhibitory concentration"> minimum inhibitory concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20fungi" title=" pathogenic fungi"> pathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ricinoleic%20acid" title=" ricinoleic acid"> ricinoleic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92179/investigating-the-potential-use-of-unsaturated-fatty-acids-as-antifungal-crop-protective-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">810</span> Effect of Biostimulants on Downstream Processing of Endophytic Fungi Hosted in Aromatic Plant, Ocimum basicilium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanika%20Chowdhary">Kanika Chowdhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyawati%20Sharma"> Satyawati Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic microbes are hosted inside plants in a symbiotic and hugely benefitting relationship. Exploring agriculturally beneficial endophytes is quite a prospective field of research. In the present work fungal endophytes associated with aromatic plant Ocimum basicilium L. were investigated for biocontrol potential. The anti-plant pathogenic activity of fungal endophytes was tested against causal agent of stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 75 endophytic fungi were recovered through culture-dependent approach. Fungal identification was performed both microscopically and by rDNA ITS sequencing. Curvuaria lunata (Sb-6) and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sb-8) inhibited 86% and 72% mycelia growth of S. sclerotinia on Sabouraud dextrose agar medium at 7.4 pH. Small-scale fermentation was carried out on sterilised oatmeal grain medium. In another set of experiment, fungi were grown in oatmeal grain medium amended with certain biostimulants such as aqueous seaweed extract (10% v/w); methanolic seaweed extract (5% v/w); cow urine (20% v/w); biochar (10% w/w) in triplicate along with control of each to ascertain the degree of metabolic difference and anti-plant pathogenic activity induced. Phytochemically extracts of both the fungal isolates showed the presence of flavanoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Ethylacetate extract of C. lunata and C. lindemuthianum suppressed S. sclerotinia conidial germination at IC50 values of 0.514± 0.02 and 0.913± 0.04 mg/ml. Therefore, fungal endophytes of O. basicilium are highly promising bio-resource agent, which can be developed further for sustainable agriculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title="endophytic fungi">endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocimum%20basicilium" title=" ocimum basicilium"> ocimum basicilium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sclerotinia%20sclerotiorum" title=" sclerotinia sclerotiorum"> sclerotinia sclerotiorum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biostimulants" title=" biostimulants"> biostimulants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86687/effect-of-biostimulants-on-downstream-processing-of-endophytic-fungi-hosted-in-aromatic-plant-ocimum-basicilium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">809</span> Antimicrobial Effect of Natamycin against Food Spoilage Fungi and Yeast Contaminated Fermented Foods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pervin%20Basaran%20Akocak">Pervin Basaran Akocak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food antimicrobials are compounds that are incorporated into food matrixes in order to cause death or delay the growth of spoilage or pathogenic microorganisms. As a result, microbiological deterioration is prevented throughout storage and food distribution. In this study, the effect of natural antimycotic natamycin (C33H47NO13, with a molecular mass of 665.725), a GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) commercial compound produced by different strains of Streptomyces sp., was tested against various fermented food contamination fungi and yeast species. At the concentration of 100 µg/ml, natamycin exhibited stronger antifungal activity against fungi than yeast species tested. The exposure time of natamycin for complete inhibition of the species tested were found to be between 100-180 min at 300-750 µg/ml concentration. SEM observations of fungal species demonstrated that natamycin distorted and damaged the conidia and hyphae by inhibiting spore germination and mycelial growth. Natamycin can be considered as a potential candidate in hurdle food treatments for preventing fungal and yeast invasion and resulting deterioration of fermented products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natamycin" title="natamycin">natamycin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermented%20food" title=" fermented food"> fermented food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20spoilage%20fungi" title=" food spoilage fungi"> food spoilage fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22389/antimicrobial-effect-of-natamycin-against-food-spoilage-fungi-and-yeast-contaminated-fermented-foods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22389.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">808</span> Inhibitory Effect of Potential Bacillus Probiotic Strains against Pathogenic Bacteria and Yeast Isolated from Oral Cavity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fdhila%20Walid">Fdhila Walid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayar%20Sihem"> Bayar Sihem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khouidi%20Bochra"> Khouidi Bochra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C3%A2touk%20Fethi"> Maâtouk Fethi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ben%20Amor%20Feten"> Ben Amor Feten</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajer%20Hentati"> Hajer Hentati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahdhi%20Abdelkarim"> Mahdhi Abdelkarim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The presence of resistant bacteria in the oral cavity can be the major cause of dental antibiotic prophylaxis failure. Multidrug efflux has been described for many organisms, including bacteria and fungi as part of their drugs resistance strategy. The potential use of probiotic bacteria can be considered as a new alternative in the prevention or cure of oral cavity diseases. In this study, different Bacillus strains isolated from the environment were isolated and characterized using biochemical and molecular procedures. The inhibitory activity against different pathogenic bacteria and yeast strains was tested using diffusion agar assay method. Our data revealed that the tested strains have an antimicrobial effect against the pathogenic strains such as Streptococcus mutants. The inhibitory effect was variable depending from the probiotic and pathogenic strains. The obtained result demonstrated that Bacillus can be used as a potential candidates probiotic and help in the prevention and treatment of oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. Our data, partly encourage the use of probiotic strains because they do not produce acid which can contribute to faster installation decay and these are spore-forming bacteria that can withstand the stress of the oral cavity (acids, alkalis, and salty foods). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probiotic" title="probiotic">probiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20bacteria" title=" pathogenic bacteria"> pathogenic bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oral%20cavity" title=" oral cavity"> oral cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415/inhibitory-effect-of-potential-bacillus-probiotic-strains-against-pathogenic-bacteria-and-yeast-isolated-from-oral-cavity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">807</span> Reducing the Impact of Pathogenic Fungi on Barley Using Bacteria: Bacterial Biocontrol in the Barley-Malt-Beer Industry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eus%C3%A8be%20Gnonlonfoun">Eusèbe Gnonlonfoun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Framboisier"> Xavier Framboisier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michel%20Fick"> Michel Fick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Rondags"> Emmanuel Rondags</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pathogenic fungi represent a generic problem for cereals, including barley, as they can produce a number of thermostable toxic metabolites such as mycotoxins that contaminate plants and food products, leading to serious health issues for humans and animals and causing significant losses in global food production. In addition, mycotoxins represent a significant technological concern for the malting and brewing industries, as they may affect the quality and safety of raw materials (barley and malt) and final products (beer). Moreover, this situation is worsening due to the highly variable climatic conditions that favor microbial development and the societal desire to reduce the use of phytosanitary products, including fungicides. In this complex environmental, regulatory and economic context for the French barley-malt-beer industry, this project aims to develop an innovative biocontrol process by using technological bacteria, isolated from infection-resistant barley cultures, that are able to reduce the development of spoilage fungi and the associated mycotoxin production. The experimental approach consists of i) coculturing bacterial and pathogenic fungal strains in solid and liquid media to access the growth kinetics of these microorganisms and to evaluate the impact of these bacteria on fungal growth and mycotoxin production; then ii) the results will be used to carry out a micro-malting process in order to develop the aforementioned process, and iii) the technological and sanitary properties of the generated barley malts will finally be evaluated in order to validate the biocontrol process developed. The process is expected to make it possible to guarantee, with controlled costs, an irreproachable hygienic and technological quality of the malt, despite the increasingly complex and variable conditions for barley production. Thus, the results will not only make it possible to maintain the dominant world position of the French barley-malt chain but will also allow it to conquer emerging markets, mainly in Africa and Asia. The use of this process will also contribute to the reduction of the use of phytosanitary products in the field for barley production while reducing the level of contamination of malting plant effluents. Its environmental impact would therefore be significant, especially considering that barley is the fourth most-produced cereal in the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title="barley">barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20fungi" title=" pathogenic fungi"> pathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mycotoxins" title=" mycotoxins"> mycotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malting" title=" malting"> malting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20biocontrol" title=" bacterial biocontrol"> bacterial biocontrol</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142007/reducing-the-impact-of-pathogenic-fungi-on-barley-using-bacteria-bacterial-biocontrol-in-the-barley-malt-beer-industry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">806</span> Diversity of Dermatophytes and Keratinophilic Fungi from Inernational Tourist Spots, City of Taj Mahal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harison%20Masih">Harison Masih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyotsna%20Kiran%20Peter"> Jyotsna Kiran Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sundara%20Singh"> Sundara Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetha%20Singh"> Geetha Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present investigation deals with diversity of dermatophytes and keratinophilic fungi from different tourist spots such as Agra Fort, Akbar tomb, It-Mat-Ud-Daulah, Mariam tomb, Radha Swami Bagh, and Taj Mahal of Agra City. These fungi are medically important which causes various infections and diseases in humans and animals. The main reservoir of these pathogens are the keratinous substances that increases due to birds and animal activities in the vicinity of monuments, where thousands (5413266) annual visitors from all over the world are visiting. The soil samples were subjected to isolate the pathogenic fungi through bait technique (buffalo skin, chicken feathers, human hair and goat tail hair). Baits were spread over the soil samples and incubated at room temperature for 30-35 days and pure culture isolates were maintained in SDA medium, stored at 4°C. Highest number of visitors were (3906453) from Taj Mahal, minimum 10785 at Mariam tomb annually, the total 271 isolates were encountered from soil samples out of these 18 genera and 38 species were found in different season. Highest incidence was 4.79% frequency shown by Chrysosporium keratinophilum while least 738% frequency occurrence by Trichophyton simii in soil samples. From the present study it was concluded that the incidence of pathogenic fungal isolates were the common in tourists soil that are etiological agents of superficial mycosis. Thus, both human and animal activity seemed to play an important role in occurrence and distribution of keratinophilic and related dermatophytes at various tourist places of Agra city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatophytic%20fungal%20diversity" title="dermatophytic fungal diversity">dermatophytic fungal diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bait%20technique" title=" bait technique"> bait technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visitors%20at%20tourist%20spots" title=" visitors at tourist spots"> visitors at tourist spots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20and%20animal%20activities" title=" human and animal activities"> human and animal activities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20samples" title=" soil samples"> soil samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17019/diversity-of-dermatophytes-and-keratinophilic-fungi-from-inernational-tourist-spots-city-of-taj-mahal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17019.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">487</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">805</span> Nanoderma: Ecofriendly Nano Biofungicides for Controlling Plant Pathogenic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20A.%20Abd-Elsalam">Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexei%20R.%20Khokhlov"> Alexei R. Khokhlov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies on bioefficacy (in vitro and in vivo) and mode of action of the nanocides against the most important plant diseases in Egypt and Russia might assist in the goal of sustainable agriculture. To our knowledge, few researchers have evaluated the combined antimicrobial effect of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) with bioorganic pesticides for controlling plant pathogens in the greenhouse and open field, decontrol investigated synergistic effect. In the current project, we will develop eco-friendly alternative management strategies including the use of heavy nanometal-tolerant Trichoderma strains and the main effective material in conventional fungicides (curpic, sulfur, phosphorus and zinc) for controlling plant diseases. Studies on bioefficacy and the mechanism of the nanocides against the most important plant diseases in Egypt were evaluated. There is a growing need to establish mechanisms of action for nano bio and/or fungicides to assist the design of new compounds or combinations of compounds, in order to understand resistance mechanisms and to provide a focus for toxicological attention. Nanofungicides represent an emerging technological development that could oﬀer a range of beneﬁts including increased eﬃcacy, durability, and a reduction in the amounts of active ingredients that need to be used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biohybrids" title="biohybrids">biohybrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocides" title=" biocides"> biocides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioagent" title=" bioagent"> bioagent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20pathogenic%20fungi" title=" plant pathogenic fungi"> plant pathogenic fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70903/nanoderma-ecofriendly-nano-biofungicides-for-controlling-plant-pathogenic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70903.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">255</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">804</span> Morphological and Molecular Identification of Endophytic Colletotrichum Species from Medicinal Plants and Their Antimicrobial Potential</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gauravi%20Agarkar">Gauravi Agarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahendra%20Rai"> Mahendra Rai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endophytic fungi from medicinal plants are important source of numerous pharmacologically important compounds. In the present investigation, the endophytic fungi were isolated from three medicinal plants; Andrographis paniculata, Rauwolfia serpentina and Tridax procumbens. Endophytic Colletotrichum sp. were identified on the basis of cultural and morphological characteristics as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate and methanol extract of endophytic Colletotrichum sp. was evaluated against seven different human pathogenic bacteria and six Candida sp. The extracts were effective and showed significant activity against all the test pathogens. In case of yeast Candida, the combined effect of extracts and standard antibiotic was enhanced greatly showing synergistic activity. Further, the extracts were assayed for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) where, MIC values were in the range of 100-250 μg/ml. These results suggest that the endophytic Colletotrichum sp. isolated from the medicinal plants are capable of producing promising antimicrobial metabolites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colletotrichum" title=" colletotrichum"> colletotrichum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title=" medicinal plants"> medicinal plants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20309/morphological-and-molecular-identification-of-endophytic-colletotrichum-species-from-medicinal-plants-and-their-antimicrobial-potential" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">562</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">803</span> Biodiversity of Pathogenic and Toxigenic Fungi Associated with Maize Grains Sampled across Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Shabana">Yasser Shabana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ghoneem"> Khaled Ghoneem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nehal%20Arafat"> Nehal Arafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younes%20Rashad"> Younes Rashad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20Aseel"> Dalia Aseel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruce%20Fitt"> Bruce Fitt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiming%20Qi"> Aiming Qi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamine%20Richard"> Benjamine Richard</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Providing food for more than 100 million people is one of Egypt's main challenges facing development. The overall goal is to formulate strategies to enhance food security in light of population growth. Two hundred samples of maize grains from 25 governates were collected. For the detection of seed-borne fungi, the deep-freezing blotter method (DFB) and washing method (ISTA 1999) were used. A total of 41 fungal species was recovered from maize seed samples. Weather data from 30 stations scattered all over Egypt and covering the major maize growing areas were obtained. Canonical correspondence analysis of data for the obtained fungal genera with temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, wind speed, or solar radiation revealed that relative humidity, temperature and wind speed were the most influential weather variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate%20change" title=" climate change"> climate change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed-borne%20fungi" title=" seed-borne fungi"> seed-borne fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144500/biodiversity-of-pathogenic-and-toxigenic-fungi-associated-with-maize-grains-sampled-across-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144500.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">802</span> Evaluation of the Pathogenicity Test of Some Entomopathogenic Fungus Isolates against Tomato Leaf Miner Tuta Absoluta (Meyrick) Larvae [Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae])</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tadesse%20Kebede">Tadesse Kebede</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orkun%20Baris%20Kovanci"> Orkun Baris Kovanci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomatoes leaf minor (Tutaabasoluta) is one of the most economically important insect pest in tomatoes production. The use of biological control such as entomopathogen fungi isolates would be a long-term and cost-effective solution to control insects pest. Therefore, identifying the most virulent and pathogenic entomopathogen fungi is one of the basic requirements for effective management options to combat Tomatoes leaf minor (Tutaabasoluta). Furthermore, the pathogenicity and virulence difference among entomopathogenfungus strains is not widely well investıgated. The current study was therefore initiated to test the pathogenicity of some entomopathogenic fungus isolates against Tutaabsoluta. The experiment was conducted at Bursa Uludag University, Agiculutre faculty, horticulture department glasshouse in 2020/2021. Tutabasoluta adult were collected, and masslarvae were reared in a growth chamber. Then, ten third instar larvae were inoculated with four entomopathogen fungi isolates (Beuaveriabassania Ak-10, Beuaveriabassania Ak-14, Metarhziumanisoplai Ak-11, and Metarhziumanisoplai Ak-12) with different inoculum suspension (0, 1x10⁶, 1x10⁷,,4 × 10⁸, 4× 10⁹ and 1×10¹⁰ conidia /ml) in a factorial experiment arranged in randomized complete block design with three replication. Mortality data assessment was done on the 3rd, 5thand 7th days after treatment and analyzed. The analysis of variance for mortality rate revealed significant variations (p<0.05) among entomoptahogen fungi isolates and conidia concentrations. The results revealed thatMetarhziumanisoplai Ak-12was found to show the lowest mortality percentage80.77%, highest LC50 2.3x108, and the longest incubation period, LT50, 4.9 and LT90, 9.9daysand considered to be less pathogenic fungi. On the other hand, Beuaveriabassania Ak-10 isolate showed the highest mortality percentage, 91%, and the lowest LT50, 4, and LT90, 7.6 values at 1×10¹⁰ conidia /ml, followed by Beuaveriabassania Ak-14 and being considered as the most aggressive bio-agent. Metarhziumanisoplai Ak-11 was determined as moderately virulent, having a mortality rate 27-81%. Results also revealed that among conidia concentrations, 1x10⁹ and 1x10¹⁰ suspensions is the most effective, while 1x10⁶ conidia/ml concentration is the least effective. Hence, results indicated that EPF tested were effective against T. absoluta larvae. As the current work revealed the potential variation among entomopathogen fungi isolates and concentration against third instar larvae. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuta%20absoluta" title="tuta absoluta">tuta absoluta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metarhizium%20anisopliae" title=" metarhizium anisopliae"> metarhizium anisopliae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beauveria%20bassiana" title=" beauveria bassiana"> beauveria bassiana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title=" biological control"> biological control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150011/evaluation-of-the-pathogenicity-test-of-some-entomopathogenic-fungus-isolates-against-tomato-leaf-miner-tuta-absoluta-meyrick-larvae-lepidoptera-gelechiidae" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">801</span> Comparision of Neutrophil Response to Curvularia, Bipolaris and Aspergillus Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eszter%20J.%20T%C3%B3th">Eszter J. Tóth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandra%20Hoffmann"> Alexandra Hoffmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Csaba%20V%C3%A1gv%C3%B6lgyi"> Csaba Vágvölgyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tam%C3%A1s%20Papp"> Tamás Papp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Members of the genera Curvularia and Bipolaris are closely related melanin producing filamentous fungi; both of them have the teleomorph states in genus Cochliobolus. While Bipolaris species infect only plants and may cause serious agriculture damages, some Curvularia species was recovered from opportunistic human infections. The human pathogenic species typically cause phaeohyphomycoses, i.e. mould infections caused by melanised fungi, which can manifest as invasive mycoses with frequent involvement of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients or as local infections (e.g. keratitis, sinusitis, and cutaneous lesions) in immunocompetent people. Although their plant-fungal interactions have been intensively studied, there is only little information available about the human pathogenic feature of these fungi. The aim of this study was to investigate the neutrophil granulocytes’ response to hyphal forms of Curvularia and Bipolaris in comparison with the response to Aspergillus. In the present study Curvularia lunata SZMC 23759 and Aspergillus fumigatus SZMC 23245 both isolated from human eye infection, and Bipolaris zeicola BRIP 19582b isolated from plant leaf were examined. Neutrophils were isolated from heparinised venous blood of healthy donors with dextran sedimentation followed by centrifugation over Ficoll and hypotonic lysis of erythrocytes. Viability and purity of the cells were checked with trypan blue and Wright staining, respectively. Infection of neutrophils was carried out with germinated conidia in a ratio of 5:1. Production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and nitrogen monoxide was measured both intracellularly and extracellularly in response to the germinated spores with or without the supernatant and after serum treatment. ROS and NOS production of neutrophils in interaction with the three fungi were compared. It is already known that Aspergillus species induce ROS production of neutrophils only after serum treatment. Although, in case of C. lunata, serum opsonisation also induced an intensive production of reactive species, lower level of production was measured in the lack of serum as well. After interaction with the plant pathogenic B. zeicola, amount of reactive species found to be similar with and without serum treatment. The presence of germination supernatant decreased the reactive species production in case of each fungus. Interaction with Curvularia, Bipolaris and Aspergillus species induced different response of neutrophils. It seems that recognition of C. lunata and B. zeicola is independent of serum opsonisation, albeit it increases the level of the produced reactive species in response for C. lunata. The study was supported by the grant LP2016-8/2016. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Curvularia" title="Curvularia">Curvularia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutrophils" title=" neutrophils"> neutrophils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NOS" title=" NOS"> NOS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROS" title=" ROS"> ROS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serum%20opsonisation" title=" serum opsonisation"> serum opsonisation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56578/comparision-of-neutrophil-response-to-curvularia-bipolaris-and-aspergillus-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56578.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">800</span> Antifungal Potential of Higher Basidiomycetes Mushrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamar%20Khardziani">Tamar Khardziani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violeta%20Berikashvili"> Violeta Berikashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Rusitashvili"> Mariam Rusitashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Kachlishvili"> Eva Kachlishvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimir%20Elisashvili"> Vladimir Elisashvili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikheil%20Asatiani"> Mikheil Asatiani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Last years, the search for natural sources of novel and effective antifungal substances became a scientific and technological challenge. In the present research, thirty basidiomycetes isolated from various ecological niches of Georgia and belonging to different taxonomic groups were screened for their antifungal activities against pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Guignardia bidwellii. Among mushroom tested, several potential producers of antifungal substances have been revealed, such as Schizophyllum commune, Lentinula edodes, Ganoderma abietinum, Fomes fomentarius, Hericium erinaceus, and Trametes versicolor. For mushroom cultivation and expression of antifungal potential, submerged and solid-state fermentations of different plant raw materials were performed and various approaches and strategies have been exploited. Sch. commune appeared as a most promising producer of antifungal compounds. It was established that among different agro-industrial wastes, the presence of mandarin juice production waste in a nutrient medium, causing the significant increase of antifungal activity Sch. commune (growth inhibition: Aspergillus – 59 %, Fusarium – 55 %, G. bidwellii – 78 %, after 3, 2 and 4 days of cultivation, respectively). Besides this, Sch. commune demonstrate similar antifungal activities in the presence of glucose, glycerol, maltose, mannitol, and xylose, and growth inhibition of Fusarium ranged in 41 % - 49 % during 6 days of cultivation. Inhibition of Aspergillus growth inhibition varied in 27 % - 36 %, and inhibition of G. bidwellii was in the range 49 % - 61 %, respectively. Sch. commune under solid-state fermentation of mandarin peels at 13 days of cultivation demonstrates powerful growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi (growth inhibition: Aspergillus – 50 %, Fusarium – 61 %, G. bidwellii – 68 %, after 3, 4, and 4 days of cultivation, respectively) as well as at 20 days old mushroom (growth inhibition: Aspergillus – 41 %, Fusarium – 54 %, G. bidwellii – 66 %, after 3 days of cultivation). It was established that Sch. commune was effective as a producer of antifungal compounds in submerged as well as in solid-state fermentation. Finally, performed study confirms that the higher basidiomycetes possess antifungal potential, which strongly depends on the physiological factors of growth. Acknowledgments: The work was implemented with the financial support of fundamental science project FR-19-3719 by the Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20potential" title="antifungal potential">antifungal potential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20basidiomycetes" title=" higher basidiomycetes"> higher basidiomycetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenic%20fungi" title=" pathogenic fungi"> pathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20and%20solid-state%20fermentation" title=" submerged and solid-state fermentation"> submerged and solid-state fermentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135627/antifungal-potential-of-higher-basidiomycetes-mushrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">799</span> Potential Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungi in CO₂-Sequestration During Bipartite Interaction with Host Plant Oryza Sativa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadhana%20Shukla">Sadhana Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pushplata%20Singh"> Pushplata Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nidhi%20Didwania"> Nidhi Didwania</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a highly advantageous and versatile group of fungi that significantly contribute to the formation of soil organic matter by creating a demand for plant carbon (C) and distributing it through below-ground hyphal biomass, regardless of their substantial contribution in enhancing net primary productivity and accumulating additional photosynthetic fixed C in the soil. The genetic role of AM fungi in carbon cycling is largely unexplored. In our study, we propose that AM fungi significantly interact with the soil, particularly: the provision of photosynthates by plants. We have studied the expression of AM fungi genes involved in CO₂ sequestration during host-plant interaction was investigated by qPCR studies. We selected Rhizophagus proliferus (AM fungi) and Oryza sativa (Rice) (inoculated with or without 200ppg AMF inoculums per plant) and investigated the effect of AM fungi on soil organic carbon (SOC) and rice growth under field conditions. Results thus provided faster SOC turnover, 35% increased nutrient uptake in plants and pronounced hyphal biomass of AM fungi which enhanced soil carbon storage by 15% in comparison to uninoculated plants. This study will offer a foundation for delving into various carbon-soil studies while also advancing our comprehension of the relationship between AM fungi and the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20%28AM%29%20fungi" title="arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi">arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title=" carbon sequestration"> carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20expression" title=" gene expression"> gene expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20health" title=" soil health"> soil health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20development." title=" plant development."> plant development.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170659/potential-role-of-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-am-fungi-in-co2-sequestration-during-bipartite-interaction-with-host-plant-oryza-sativa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170659.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">798</span> Antifungal Activity of Commiphora myrrha L. against Some Air Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20E.%20Al-Sabri">Ahmed E. Al-Sabri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Moslem"> Mohamed A. Moslem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarfaraz%20Hadi"> Sarfaraz Hadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To avoid the harmful effects of the chemical fungicides on the human and minimize the environmental pollution, an alternative eco-friendly control strategies should be developed. The extract of Commiphora myhrra L. was tested against twenty fungal genera isolated from the indoor air collected from different rooms in King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Disc diffusion test was modified for use in this study and the collected data was statistically analyzed. Variable antifungal efficacy of different myrrh extract was recorded against the investigated fungal genera. The efficacy of the extract was increased as the concentration increased. The highest growth inhibition (74.6%) was against Acremonium strictum followed by Trichoderma psuedokoningii (70.6%). On contrast, the lowest efficacy (12.7%) was against Ulocladium consortiale. It could be concluded that myrrh extract is promised as a source of substances from which of safer and eco-friendly could be used as antimicrobial agents against a number of pathogenic fungi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title="antifungal">antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myrrh" title=" myrrh"> myrrh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title=" antimicrobial"> antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title=" medicinal plant"> medicinal plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27785/antifungal-activity-of-commiphora-myrrha-l-against-some-air-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">797</span> The Importance of Fungi and Plants for a More Sustainable on Our Planet Earth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Njabe%20Christelle">Njabe Christelle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungal products are essential building blocks for change towards a more sustainable future for our planet. In nature, fungi are special in breaking down plant material by means of a rich spectrum of plant cell wall degrading enzymes. Enzymes serve as catalysts in organic synthesis. Imagine the immense benefits that the known 250000 plant genes might provide in the future through scientific investigation. Plants are the primary basis for human sustenance, used directly for food, clothing, and shelter or indirectly in processed form and through animal feeding. Fungi are the only organisms known to extensively degrade lignin, a major component of wood. Although humans cannot digest cellulose and lignin, many fungi, through their assimilation of these substances, produce food in the form of edible mushrooms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plants" title="plants">plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20use" title=" sustainable use"> sustainable use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planet%20earth" title=" planet earth"> planet earth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169178/the-importance-of-fungi-and-plants-for-a-more-sustainable-on-our-planet-earth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">796</span> Studies on the Bioactivity of Different Solvents Extracts of Selected Marine Macroalgae against Fish Pathogens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Ghobrial">Mary Ghobrial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sahar%20Wefky"> Sahar Wefky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine macroalgae have proven to be rich source of bioactive compounds with biomedical potential, not only for human but also for veterinary medicine. Emergence of microbial disease in aquaculture industries implies serious loses. Usage of commercial antibiotics for fish disease treatment produces undesirable side effects. Marine organisms are a rich source of structurally novel biologically active metabolites. Competition for space and nutrients led to the evolution of antimicrobial defense strategies in the aquatic environment. The interest in marine organisms as a potential and promising source of pharmaceutical agents has increased in the last years. Many bioactive and pharmacologically active substances have been isolated from microalgae. Compounds with antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities have been also detected in green, brown and red algae. Selected species of marine benthic algae belonging to the Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta, collected from different coastal areas of Alexandria (Egypt), were investigated for their antibacterial and antifungal, activities. Macroalgae samples were collected during low tide from the Alexandria Mediterranean coast. Samples were air dried under shade at room temperature. The dry algae were ground, using electric mixer grinder. They were soaked in 10 ml of each of the solvents acetone, ethanol, methanol and hexane. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using well-cut diffusion technique In vitro screening of organic solvent extracts from the marine macroalgae Laurencia pinnatifida, Pterocladia capillaceae, Stepopodium zonale, Halopteris scoparia and Sargassum hystrix, showed specific activity in inhibiting the growth of five virulent strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, V. tandara, Escherichia coli and two fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. niger. Results showed that, acetone and ethanol extracts of all test macroalgae exhibited antibacterial activity, while acetone extract of the brown Sargassum hystrix displayed the highest antifungal activity. The extracts of seaweeds inhibited bacteria more strongly than fungi and species of the Rhodophyta showed the greatest activity against the bacteria rather than fungi tested. The gas liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection technique allows good qualitative and quantitative analysis of the fractionated extracts with high sensitivity to the smaller amounts of components. Results indicated that, the main common component in the acetone extracts of L. pinnatifida and P. capillacea is 4-hydroxy-4-methyl2-pentanone representing 64.38 and 58.60%. Thus, the extracts derived from the red macroalgae were more efficient than those obtained from the brown macroalgae in combating bacterial pathogens rather than pathogenic fungi. The most preferred species over all was the red Laurencia pinnatifida. In conclusion, the present study provides the potential of red and brown macroalgae extracts for development of anti-pathogenic agents for use in fish aquaculture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title="bacteria">bacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracts" title=" extracts"> extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvents" title=" solvents"> solvents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41755/studies-on-the-bioactivity-of-different-solvents-extracts-of-selected-marine-macroalgae-against-fish-pathogens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">795</span> Biological Control of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep: Gelechiidae) with Enthomopathogenic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dahliz%20Abderrahm%C3%A8ne">Dahliz Abderrahmène</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lakhdari%20Wassim"> Lakhdari Wassim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchikh%20Yamina"> Bouchikh Yamina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammi%20Hamida"> Hammi Hamida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soud%20Adila"> Soud Adila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M%E2%80%99lik%20Randa"> M’lik Randa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benglia%20Sara"> Benglia Sara </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Devastating insects constitute one of strains for cultivate tomato. Among this vandal insects, the tomato leafminer (T. absoluta), which has been introduced in Algeria constitute a challenge for both agricultures and scientists. Firstly, this insect is introduced without their natural enemies which may reduce their damage. Secondly, this species has developed insecticide resistance to many active matters. To contribute to establish a control strategy for T. absoluta we have mad an inventory for their enthomopathogenic fungi. Two fungi were identified among others taken from adults and pupae. These fungi are Aspergillus flavus and Metarhizium sp. A study was conducted in laboratory to recognize the efficiency of these antagonists. These species had unregistered a mortality mounts of 42% and 56% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuta%20absoluta" title="Tuta absoluta">Tuta absoluta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthomopathogenic%20fungi" title=" enthomopathogenic fungi"> enthomopathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20flavus" title=" Aspergillus flavus"> Aspergillus flavus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metarhizium%20sp" title=" Metarhizium sp"> Metarhizium sp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control%20strategy" title=" control strategy"> control strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14173/biological-control-of-tuta-absoluta-meyrick-lep-gelechiidae-with-enthomopathogenic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">794</span> Microbial Diversity of El-Baida Marsh: Setif, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Necef">H. Necef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Benayad"> A. Benayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungi are becoming more and more important in our life. Therefore, as a start for the symposium on filamentous fungi in biotechnology a short survey of the role of fungi in biotechnology. Salin soils occupy about 7% of land area; they are characterized by unsuitable physical conditions for the growth of living organisms. However, researches showed that some microorganisms especially fungi are able to grow and adapt to such extreme conditions; it is due to their ability to develop different physiological mechanisms in their adaptation. This is the first study on the physiological and biological characteristics of El-Beida marsh. Nine soil samples were taken at different points in two steps, the first was in winter (low temperature), and the second was in summer (high temperature). The physicochemical analyses of the soil were conducted, then the isolation process was applied using two methods, direct method and dilution method (10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4). Different species of fungi were identified belong to 21 genera in addition to 3 yeast species, Aspergillus showed the highest proportion by 43%, then Penicillium by 20% then Alternaria by 7%, in addition to various genera in different proportions. As for the sampling periods, it was observed that the spread of fungi in winter was higher than in summer with the proportion 75.47% and 24.53% respectively. Some halotolerant fungi have a biotechnological importance especially if the salinity of the medium is necessary for the fermentation, and if the halotolerance genes of the fungus will define, this will open the research to study and improve this property for the industrial important micro-organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title="salinity">salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspergillus%20oryzae" title=" aspergillus oryzae"> aspergillus oryzae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halotolerance" title=" halotolerance"> halotolerance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12731/microbial-diversity-of-el-baida-marsh-setif-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">793</span> Characterization of Common Maize Ear Rot Pathogens in Ilesa Nigeria and Their Potential Control Using Selected Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olumayowa%20M.%20Olowe">Olumayowa M. Olowe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20D.%20Asemoloye%20%20Odunayo%20J.%20Olawuyi"> Michael D. Asemoloye Odunayo J. Olawuyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hilda%20Vasanthakaalam"> Hilda Vasanthakaalam </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Poor management of maize ear rot caused by fungal infection in Nigeria affected the quantity and quality of maize. This study, therefore, aims at characterizing and controlling Fusarium strains using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Maize ear showing rot symptoms were obtained from some selected farms located at Ilesa East and West using random sampling technique. Isolation of Fusarium pathogen from infected maize grain was done using direct pour plate method on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and was characterized based on morphological and molecular ITS-amplification methods. The reaction of PVASYN8F2, T2LCOMP1STR SYN-W-1, and T2LCOMP4 maize varieties, to the Fusarium ear rot pathogens and biocontrol efficacy of the mycorrhizal fungi were assessed on growth, yield, agronomic parameters and symptoms observed. The strains; olowILH1 and olowILH2 identified as Fusarium napiforme were the most dominant and virulent pathogens associated with the maize. They showed genetic similarity with documented ear rot pathogens on NCBI with accession numbers Fusarium proliferatum KT224027, KT224023, and Fusarium sp AY237110. They both exhibited varying inhibitory effects on the three maize varieties compare to control (uninfected plant) which had better growth characteristics. It was also observed that strain olowILH1 was more virulent than olowILH2. T2LCOMP4 was generally more susceptible to both fungal strains compared to the other two maize (T2LCOMP1STR SYN-W-1 and T2LCOMP4 ). In all, strain olowILH1 was more virulent than olowILH2, and Glomus clarum had higher inhibitory pathogenic effect against Fusarium strains compared to G. deserticola. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbuscular%20mycorrhizal%20fungi" title="arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi">arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20management" title=" disease management"> disease management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20strains" title=" Fusarium strains"> Fusarium strains</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identification" title=" identification"> identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106889/characterization-of-common-maize-ear-rot-pathogens-in-ilesa-nigeria-and-their-potential-control-using-selected-arbuscular-mycorrhizal-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">792</span> Antifungal Nature of Bacillus Subtilis in Controlling Post Harvest Fungal Rot of Yam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ifueko%20Oghogho%20Ukponmwan">Ifueko Oghogho Ukponmwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mike%20O.%20Orji"> Mike O. Orji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the antifungal activity of Bacilluss subtilis in the control of postharvest fungal rot of white yam (Dioscorea spp). Bacillus subtilis was isolated from the soil and fungi (Aspergillus spp, Mucor and yeasts) were isolated from rotten yam. The organisms were paired in yam nutrient agar (YNA) and yam Sabourraud dextrose agar media. In the yam dextrose agar media (YSDA) plates, the Bacillus grew rapidly and established itself and restricted the growth of the fungi organisms, but there was no zone of inhibition. This behaviour of Bacillus on the plates of YSDA was also observed in the yams where the fungi caused rot but the rot was suppressed by the presence of the Bacillus as compared to the degree of rot observed in the control that had only spoilage fungi. The control yam showed greater rot than other yams that contained a combination of Bacillus and fungi. The t-Test analysis showed that the difference in the rot between the treated samples and the control sample is significant and this implies that the presence of Bacillus significantly reduced the growth of fungi in the samples (yams). It was revealed from this study that Bacillus subtilis treatment can be successfully used to preserve white yams in storage. Its fast growth and early establishment in the sample accounts for its antifungal strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title="Bacillus subtilis">Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rot" title=" rot"> rot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yam" title=" yam"> yam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84356/antifungal-nature-of-bacillus-subtilis-in-controlling-post-harvest-fungal-rot-of-yam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">791</span> Secondary Metabolites from Turkish Marine-Derived Fungi Hypocrea nigricans</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Heydari">H. Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Konuklugil"> B. Konuklugil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Proksch"> P. Proksch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine-derived fungi can produce interesting bioactive secondary metabolites that can be considered the potential for drug development. Turkey is a country of a peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea at the north, the Aegean Sea at the west, and the Mediterranean Sea at the south. Despite the approximately 8400 km of coastline, studies on marine secondary metabolites and their biological activity are limited. In our ongoing search for new natural products with different bioactivities produced by the marine-derived fungi, we have investigated secondary metabolites of Turkish collection of the marine sea slug (Peltodoris atromaculata) associated fungi Hypocrea nigricans collected from Seferihisar in the Egean sea. According to the author’s best knowledge, no study was found on this fungal species in terms of secondary metabolites. Isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the culture of Hypocrea nigricans were (isodihydroauroglaucin,tetrahydroauroglaucin and dihydroauroglaucin. The structures of the compounds were established based on an NMR and MS analysis. Structural elucidation of another isolated secondary metabolite/s continues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hypocrea%20nigricans" title="Hypocrea nigricans">Hypocrea nigricans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation" title=" isolation"> isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title=" marine fungi"> marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secondary%20metabolites" title=" secondary metabolites"> secondary metabolites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113549/secondary-metabolites-from-turkish-marine-derived-fungi-hypocrea-nigricans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">162</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">790</span> Test of Biological Control against Brachytrupes Megacephalus Lefèbre, 1827 (Orthoptera, Gryllinae) by Using Entomopathogenic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Lakhdari">W. Lakhdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Doumendji-Mitich"> B. Doumendji-Mitich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Dahliz"> A. Dahliz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Doumendji"> S. Doumendji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bouchikh"> Y. Bouchikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20M%27lik"> R. M'lik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hammi"> H. Hammi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Soud"> A. Soud </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work was done in order to fight against Brachytrupes megacephalus, a major pest in the Algerian oasis and promote one aspect of biological control against it. He wears a hand on the isolation and identification of indigenous fungi on imagos of this insect harvested in the station of INRAA Touggourt and secondly, the study of the pathogenicity of these strains fungal on this orthoptère adults. The results obtained showed the presence of six different species of entomopathogenic fungi, it is: Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Beauveria bassiana, Penicillium sp, Metharizium anisopliae and Aspergillus Niger. The pathogenicity test using fungi Beauveria bassiana strains and Metharizium anisopliae. On adult of B. megacephalus highlights the effectiveness of these strains of predatory adults, with a mortality rate approaching 100% after 11 days. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20control" title="biological control">biological control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brachytrupes%20megacephalus" title=" brachytrupes megacephalus"> brachytrupes megacephalus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entomopathogenic%20fungi" title=" entomopathogenic fungi"> entomopathogenic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Southeastern%20Algeria" title=" Southeastern Algeria"> Southeastern Algeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14245/test-of-biological-control-against-brachytrupes-megacephalus-lefebre-1827-orthoptera-gryllinae-by-using-entomopathogenic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14245.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">789</span> Media Manipulations and the Culture of Beneficial Endophytic Fungi in the Leaves and Stem Bark of Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. Ex Harv</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akwu%20A.%20Nneka">Akwu A. Nneka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naidoo"> Naidoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yougasphree"> Yougasphree</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significantly high number of microbes exist in higher plants; these microbes include bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. There are reports on the benefits of endophytic fungi and their products of metabolism to the host plant and man, consequently, it is expedient to explore the changes that could arise as a result of manipulating their growth media. Grewia lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. (Malvaceae) is an indigenous Southern African plant, that belongs to a genus with known medicinal properties. Three media were used to culture the endophytic fungi viz., Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), and Bacteriological Agar (BA) were used singly, and supplemented with three dilutions of the leaves and stem bark extracts. The manipulated growth media composition had a significant effect on the diversity of the isolated fungal populations. Several endophytic fungi were isolated; their distribution and diversity revealed a significant relatedness with the manipulated media. The media supplemented with the plant extracts was observed to give a significant increase in the growth rate and yield of the endophytes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing the endophytic fungi present in the leaves and stem bark of G. lasiocarpa E. Mey. ex Harv. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grewia%20lasiocarpa" title="Grewia lasiocarpa">Grewia lasiocarpa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-based%20extracts" title=" plant-based extracts"> plant-based extracts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malvaceae" title=" Malvaceae"> Malvaceae</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827/media-manipulations-and-the-culture-of-beneficial-endophytic-fungi-in-the-leaves-and-stem-bark-of-grewia-lasiocarpa-e-mey-ex-harv" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/123827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">788</span> Distribution and Taxonomy of Marine Fungi in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay, Vietnam</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thu%20Thuy%20Pham">Thu Thuy Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thi%20Chau%20Loan%20Tran"> Thi Chau Loan Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Duy%20Nguyen"> Van Duy Nguyen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine fungi play an important role in the marine ecosystems. Marine fungi also supply biomass and metabolic products of industrial value. Currently, the biodiversity of marine fungi along the coastal areas of Vietnam has not yet been studied fully. The objective of this study is to assess the spatial and temporal diversity of planktonic fungi from the coastal waters of Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay in Central Vietnam using culture-dependent and independent approach. Using culture-dependent approach, filamentous fungi and yeasts were isolated on selective media and then classified by phenotype and genotype based on the sequencing of ITS (internal transcribed spacers) regions of rDNA with two primer pairs (ITS1F_KYO2 and ITS4; NS1 and NS8). Using culture-independent approach, environmental DNA samples were isolated and amplified using fungal-specific ITS primer pairs. A total of over 160 strains were isolated from 10 seawater sampling stations at 50 cm depth. They were classified into diverse genera and species of both yeast and mold. At least 5 strains could be potentially novel species. Our results also revealed that planktonic fungi were molecularly diverse with hundreds of phylotypes recovered across these two bays. The results of the study provide data about the distribution and taxonomy of mycoplankton in this area, thereby allowing assessment of their positive role in the biogeochemical cycle of coastal ecosystems and the development of new bioactive compounds for industrial applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodiversity" title="biodiversity">biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ITS" title=" ITS"> ITS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20fungi" title=" marine fungi"> marine fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nha%20Trang%20Bay" title=" Nha Trang Bay"> Nha Trang Bay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van%20Phong%20Bay" title=" Van Phong Bay"> Van Phong Bay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85603/distribution-and-taxonomy-of-marine-fungi-in-nha-trang-bay-and-van-phong-bay-vietnam" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85603.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">787</span> Treatment of Grey Water from Different Restaurants in FUTA Using Fungi </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20A.%20Ogundolie">F. A. Ogundolie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Okogue"> F. Okogue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20V.%20Adegunloye"> D. V. Adegunloye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greywater samples were obtained from three restaurants in the Federal University of Technology; Akure coded SSR, MGR and GGR. Fungi isolates obtained include Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Mucor mucedo, Aspergillus flavus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Of these fungi isolates obtained, R. stolonifer, A. niger and A. flavus showed significant degradation ability on grey water and was used for this research. A simple bioreactor was constructed using biodegradation process in purification of waste water samples. Waste water undergoes primary treatment; secondary treatment involves the introduction of the isolated organisms into the waste water sample and the tertiary treatment which involved the use of filter candle and the sand bed filtration process to achieve the end product without the use of chemicals. A. niger brought about significant reduction in both the bacterial load and the fungi load of the greywater samples of the three respective restaurants with a reduction of (1.29 × 108 to 1.57 × 102 cfu/ml; 1.04 × 108 to 1.12 × 102 cfu/ml and 1.72 × 108 to 1.60 × 102 cfu/ml) for bacterial load in SSR, MGR and GGR respectively. Reduction of 2.01 × 104 to 1.2 × 101; 1.72 × 104 to 1.1 × 101, and 2.50 × 104 to 1.5 × 101 in fungi load from SSR, MGR and GGR respectively. Result of degradation of these selected waste water by the fungi showed that A. niger was probably more potent in the degradation of organic matter and hence, A. niger could be used in the treatment of wastewater. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aspergillus%20niger" title="Aspergillus niger">Aspergillus niger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greywater" title=" greywater"> greywater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial" title=" bacterial"> bacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungi" title=" fungi"> fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20load" title=" microbial load"> microbial load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioreactor" title=" bioreactor"> bioreactor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradation" title=" biodegradation"> biodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purification" title=" purification"> purification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20matter%20and%20filtration" title=" organic matter and filtration"> organic matter and filtration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13493/treatment-of-grey-water-from-different-restaurants-in-futa-using-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13493.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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