CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134122419053dad',cH: '_VcIq4DW.PuoHwL1pBk_0HBpC0X0zUCchGuRjGFQD1E-1739777413-1.2.1.1-y0kXt8UzyNWRInbIfRiXG37VeAXeoK1oQekmULFvmcIBE9pnq7hVPaUZyHjKnCfH',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity&__cf_chl_tk=DfaUKoItqNFNEUEai75bxLkAWcwhz6MXaFxzzSBXwOM-1739777413-1.0.1.1-w3xqso6_GZh2sxMvgb.SuOu37Qz1ASRRi6n6D.BvkKo",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777413',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity&__cf_chl_f_tk=DfaUKoItqNFNEUEai75bxLkAWcwhz6MXaFxzzSBXwOM-1739777413-1.0.1.1-w3xqso6_GZh2sxMvgb.SuOu37Qz1ASRRi6n6D.BvkKo",md: "wWoJYshKMvkvfPKgpTaqwgSl6pLSTF5y7q2g3KB2cw4-1739777413-1.2.1.1-rILenv5SJKqe5wcY0OA88xC_Znv3snFS9W.0Zd1QydbZ8NZ8Sn2cS5DrEGj4xkBqLVGFVelgQWg4UrIqSeMqSWRwmyyzauWteoK7Ll0Wx.KhYWpLmCxzdCV.C0lFZ7K7XscQPNrE69vUHbiR4bZEpaaG.ArhoDWZNU.utUAGSwcgL0APAdxxKbYxftNLGddkWy8N74MXPsOgCUD1gbWlYI1x.emuKRZD0JSKzhqgbIR.yNfVCOx0sIAy1sZ5Zlsdx2kpLkC99f5vUeKfB02hYdjDex6dfHCMmIdTJJQX0bN8sQ5Mgh3ZNjO.CPsQaGCk81vIkZoh__AJe3V.pKQ698xy_fuTl4oHNO.Uw6PLFWcwm3DMEcIRtpwCIaNDvkL9PmcMqxtj6DXE1V5nc7W5ytCVENPh9jIuWrxzN_JtD9JTwQ5aJ9Wd0lJiKVMtPmg7WBPbd5_XF83BMSWIhISpNyOSYV5KC3SrFCLRKEgc8D0IUAw14ztoN7jBWE.GGBNlME2_gGTM_f.HuPNl7QRdCCnRPGOWsgTPo66Jw5bV7JAGZ2aMfUVFQeisQm4ZbNKCBQvu90H8dCs1jZyM1E0N.Zx1dtgsln.mzJZTyYasqCOGCCbOszNf2QP6H9YUTZJZXrV4QAoERnT4GfLkKNbe8gJf5SUszK1wjkbJOPj9nu2B7CooARFUqz0dfuTSEg2Q0I.5Hse.hKVroPs6WQf9M9m2vkM.TnRYrIhugwxUs4DwZ5IKm5_iM4qHCwlnmXFWPASE5yvLEPg2rejgNYfswyeEsA_VQ6G0R35cGlZIFP6VLXBvL90PFZVk6O7R3u5cBZh_i9pae2ASv1pj9C2HCtCTW_5LeLOTDBz7hU3UXeoaMBMMeLQNZxjjKr9syK15y3w0CWtFozL7W7RKNBp5SjIM_nJ7_bBfV0mRbiyc9ms7q7KCmsLk4hDvIebnSMdzCKrHtWqiQIG4fiUJGBnfYWCZjUjY9H7NgWbFkbKIpFsHZCDOAwZg1BaKNHuC9q.KV2MaxQlBFGAGyKTHpqGKL_pOLsxAOree9P4d4tqh1A1VxVctKLO8HuXJsOel8laCqiqiUOGV7JbzTZjZo7oRVRQg6.8CUcOpVIdWHju0sB3dkn4pGHU9ldaTie.gTMHxmHNQoOBEQPi1_WuqJHINtj.sKR2Nuo_GNaQTjQqYPKUFKFsld.OlKVJ5f1YW7g0UTeNKgZXdkPTPv.fs009xJCq88R8w_OPbNx9tpwD1X3_hmcVwpzcG4ERmDfxI739h0NL_AtbncVldEfwTN943wLsCXbJ_OFw9TaVBu4KzIvrScUwrmwqnFhGG8xOYN_UNfYMRHgHv7RdlwoHrf3QHoM7NPaQYh8VNy0iwi08WcwjmkO_X0lH0RNuEeppiw3kWvQQKorLFSXkyI0mti6UgJqC3AqlIKIDXc5XL26F5OrSDmeL43De_DXwLV9luqVGbGk1wdn1pd.FtJhM_Jn77fP99qq.vJ9KP1OrBQdVmMQZPOcnZkRp2ZxRSGsGEz_hvAqVhaoRqIgVm2UZBONjDckJyDBMfUy2P1Hz5WYVaNLZQT_0WT5pwvNpyLiVlGHwRRabl6jFrCzjzZgSbLoqqU3ABl7mEYpDYQZKOWPoAi0AYNNpcWUTfl1kl6B1RSZLUvcaxcsx_tc_uXdm6jc15m.AFGbzAl6RwrFd8lEvzPLzJXGGOvpP4VY.DdIDPOXDGHKiv7gfvU.C3XcoZXdPzUo.FwnAS5S4wsc1cD94tLDn7jQe8..7Glk3mLcVEwTu89Ra40PcLHzbDKzvkQSlpmRp6rcMUuSkH_V4w2rUNh7xKUlCRrikC7083fuBNqLVYr8LFSLlQtsymf_MYH.xEdQYRAe.8u7DExxTqX0ienyQ3O4SmXq0..ZU.XEiKl8rJCF.Oz2LknJhHkzpm_.cE0j9HEcwyTxXZO_JIu_hSU4G5JRjYtkRi.ZlcF_2E.LL1",mdrd: "ptxvVw75nU0xrKSfr4DBuBpt8Y3fdfGerKCJQJgaUBw-1739777413-1.2.1.1-mhd2UhJ63KnA5NrcDxSvgomQhrR6YQhx0POSO3dyB7ACkEeFscUYEH4TCDRHD_Ns.ylOyMEO5XFR6Rj_po2V.ZxGLR.RKqqiQ3WFEQThQBRZge3vXrTRm7UdcjcAq3x4J0LotB4ueZG44v7QTDPGnP1VCB__fTcQiM9_Dv6OJ0L.0izyFojpE0eVIVUBBmrgYqk7IKw_PwO7rutGdNqqA303vrvcq65CTz2ZFI.c6aI1TldmVi5hKSnnU8_f2vO.kYRYzP7eFgHjPEYptfmlW8HwIoN85KrLj7IjzQnhMBLDCaHgTc1247eLpYroEt0fRUqRe7RKT9nB2UmPTExGqTuj63IBo4H6B58f_nTO2W5uXTQJ1osLUYqmCDz0FAJNq1gObSfCjoVNtjwdD8aTdjtETmde7Uy4mw0usaXr9gOZuBjTT7MuNCEoDhyRta55vBVgo3ScTzfSoStoHah.f.w.pa8ReG_RynmTd3zLIY12eufl6MjGXLCS2INmEdv_UN6j8mPOGjLY1fXpsACtJNe3z.biRJ5qxBE89A6iUlVpnMlMpJHzKyFHBVGcLHlTGqIiuI103ItkveKLG4An0mOJYllUqkrADQEKWhSsBbictXmsr0VOZk6fc6.bC0CSiUipQmiYPMl23cchDZT5ICBtZEwrJnct4fva6V1YuDiL2z7YSWqGnB8P1RbaB4YFAcuoB2mU0tvvqmNVF.fAwaVtS1xSfQ2ii9dQK4J2EgsYVwPYVCM8EP9lvMrgAhj__EAEzmYz6wiurllFidSgLYhcLlX0I975uKyUVk7nCx34v5nAqPha.KfNpVpqIy3F_6A4hCt7cbjM78z_hrH.f_naZP_6wMBp9X8ZTnEMbw3j3_l1hnqRNpAak2Rok8b9LP8mx6s4N8gM.JAerAv7ekrx63.NzMJJVhcoJOasGnaQ3DliV61oh82KsK__nxxz0RzaSe4__hPybzzDITItpOfm_H3OKz58nTcWj3cgNJed3rst6C5eQjDqml6mGHIjp7jSPMCv8Jyr5UAoPD4eSIttzeFgmJwcE_sKECCisNx3MfqhXs22xxGGaYyeWjkvDALceqX9l.97A8VdPLKZAMjHQQi2P8z5n1.2ySp5aAHKOc5.9tFhMjUN18MopZrCEfFR_hLvd.5eNDP1NPLgnOF1EznsBd4iWcQVt77040P7kfT.bY1vd1VPTT0gCoXt95xBzsskobCqastPTdxqzKlVw6lZqkSyAHbNizYEfaZXiHBVN0FsvTBLmpAvcxSWYkVCyjNsd9ZkQYLivD9dWHdfjb7k6WF9fAIVd3TqOqnzPGg6HiMF_ZlkcKsPgNxOENbSOzBBSj8a2bc.K8U8tpW_wI858g.6PsDNOGXV32NLDxilvC.6.nTaJrN9JkebSv91xxI7opfQLvH7xtke2TOkDYAC5hjXJkU.I7CiKOPxF7d8HaXO5FszV_1RG7Ox7kzN3Kk2vetYvo0nizuQdGCiHlpSeTm2hccfUVDQM2l_W7NIfceVx2f_NUQmra8_zz.sEzJg7FuKyYAxVp_Uq.wHXdgShMacoKQurL6W0WxN7vBLa1rL46oPXxxQL2bkjLNmTSP01wxcIzRX64mafpNjTmD01CjnCSt6zTAh.xn824e3sIAjkyGRXRUNZsjU3JAoky9VHSKco_myF1twkd25kDHWwNf1y5dbhr0p7CyR2ANl9g1l4D8Yuz.tb9QIjFOyuv07whkfuoYm2UQ6J8oIQ4lOaRVz87WSCBFh9UYbPn.IAT7y8TVayDQtUmbjlZWHlAV.oT_K6BSoiS7CCT8I8e9KOf6f3CnW2NFe7M4IPCwVwFaaTEUYM4WhPN8V8a4iVICSO5.egdzCPTJYLyH0P1a5XSro3e3e2QkTEnWpZEVres.225Cps26IGY.0i8SllfkhTrTgXoI2lkdIdCESKcrJfk5mlfvAWPsoAS_z5mB9dNCpqCSVyrMrNoQVSCKTHdiUEx9VWEfCYoGGMw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134122419053dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=antimicrobial%20activity&__cf_chl_rt_tk=DfaUKoItqNFNEUEai75bxLkAWcwhz6MXaFxzzSBXwOM-1739777413-1.0.1.1-w3xqso6_GZh2sxMvgb.SuOu37Qz1ASRRi6n6D.BvkKo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>