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Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="درجة حرارة مئوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="درجة حرارة مئوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Grau Celsius" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Grau Celsius" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsi_%C5%9Fkalas%C4%B1" title="Selsi şkalası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Selsi şkalası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سلسیوس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سلسیوس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="সেলসিয়াস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেলসিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liap-s%C4%AB" title="Liap-sī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Liap-sī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Градус Цэльсія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Градус Цэльсія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A6%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Градус Цэльсія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Градус Цэльсія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Градус Целзий – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Градус Целзий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%91%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="སེ་དྲོད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སེ་དྲོད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celzijev_stepen" title="Celzijev stepen – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Celzijev stepen" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derez_Celsius" title="Derez Celsius – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Derez Celsius" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Grau Celsius" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%C4%95" title="Цельсий градусĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Цельсий градусĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celsia" title="Stupeň Celsia – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stupeň Celsia" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B3" title="درجة سيلسيوس – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="درجة سيلسيوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiuse_skaala" title="Celsiuse skaala – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Celsiuse skaala" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1_%CE%9A%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Κλίμακα Κελσίου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κλίμακα Κελσίου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Grado Celsius" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_de_Celsio" title="Grado de Celsio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Grado de Celsio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius_gradu" title="Celsius gradu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Celsius gradu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B3" title="سلسیوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلسیوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiusstigin" title="Celsiusstigin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Celsiusstigin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degr%C3%A9_Celsius" title="Degré Celsius – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Degré Celsius" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sc%C3%A1la_teochta_Celsius" title="Scála teochta Celsius – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Scála teochta Celsius" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E6%B0%8F" title="攝氏 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="攝氏" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%AD%EC%94%A8" title="섭씨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="섭씨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ցելսիուսի սանդղակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցելսիուսի սանդղակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="सेल्सियस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेल्सियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celzij" title="Celzij – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Celzij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Grado Celsius" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Grado Celsius" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sels%C3%ADus" title="Selsíus – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Selsíus" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grado Celsius" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A1" title="מעלות צלזיוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעלות צלזיוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="ცელსიუსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცელსიუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsiasi" title="Selsiasi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Selsiasi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degre_S%C3%A8lsiyis" title="Degre Sèlsiyis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Degre Sèlsiyis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pileya_Celsius" title="Pileya Celsius – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pileya Celsius" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradus_Celsianus" title="Gradus Celsianus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gradus Celsianus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsija_gr%C4%81ds" title="Celsija grāds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Celsija grāds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Grad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsijus" title="Celsijus – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Celsijus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiussjaol" title="Celsiussjaol – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Celsiussjaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jacke%27o" title="jacke'o – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jacke'o" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius-sk%C3%A1la" title="Celsius-skála – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Celsius-skála" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Целзиусов степен – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Целзиусов степен" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="സെൽഷ്യസ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെൽഷ്യസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="सेल्सियस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेल्सियस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Grau Celsius" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81" title="Цельсийн градус – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цельсийн градус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B2%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ဆဲလ်စီးယပ်စ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆဲလ်စီးယပ်စ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9%E5%BA%A6" title="セルシウス度 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルシウス度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graad_Celsius" title="Graad Celsius – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Graad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_celsius" title="Grad celsius – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grad celsius" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gra_Celsius" title="Gra Celsius – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gra Celsius" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsiy_shkalasi" title="Selsiy shkalasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Selsiy shkalasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B8" title="ਸੈਲਸੀਅਸ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੈਲਸੀਅਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B3" title="سیلسیئس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیلسیئس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selsios" title="Selsios – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Selsios" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Celsius" title="Scala Celsius – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Scala Celsius" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Grad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_Celsjusza" title="Skala Celsjusza – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala Celsjusza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grau Celsius" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Градус Цельсия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Градус Цельсия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celcius" title="Celcius – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Celcius" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradu_cintigradu" title="Gradu cintigradu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gradu cintigradu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A" title="සෙල්සියස් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සෙල්සියස්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stupe%C5%88_Celzia" title="Stupeň Celzia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stupeň Celzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celzijeva_temperaturna_lestvica" title="Celzijeva temperaturna lestvica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Celzijeva temperaturna lestvica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="پلەی سەدی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پلەی سەدی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Степен целзијуса – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Степен целзијуса" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celzijus" title="Celzijus – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Celzijus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsiusaste" title="Celsiusaste – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Celsiusaste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grad Celsius" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="செல்சியசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செல்சியசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="సెల్సియస్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సెల్సియస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA" title="องศาเซลเซียส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="องศาเซลเซียส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A4_%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%9F%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%A5" title="ᎠᏤ ᎠᏟᎶᎥ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏤ ᎠᏟᎶᎥ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Celsius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Градус Цельсія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Градус Цельсія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="سیلسیس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیلسیس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grado_Celsius" title="Grado Celsius – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Grado Celsius" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_Celsius" title="Độ Celsius – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ Celsius" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/280px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/420px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg/560px-Countries_that_use_Fahrenheit.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7263850">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#339933; color:black;"> </span> Countries that use <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> (°F).</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7263850"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#66cc99; color:black;"> </span> Countries that use both <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> (°F) and Celsius (°C).</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7263850"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#cccccc; color:black;"> </span> Countries that use Celsius (°C).</div></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Celsius</b> (more precisely, a <b>degree Celsius</b>), sometimes called <b>centigrade</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Unit_of_measurement" title="Unit of measurement">unit of measurement</a> that is used in most countries to measure <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temperature</a>. The unit was created by <a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a> (1701–1744), a <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>. </p><p>0 °C is the <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting point</a> of pure <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> at sea level (normal <a href="/wiki/Pressure" title="Pressure">atmospheric pressure</a>), and 100 °C is the <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">boiling point</a> of water at sea level. (Water boils at a lower temperature at higher altitudes.) </p><p>1 °C is therefore a hundredth of that difference. </p><p>Since 1948, the unit has been called "Celsius." "Centigrade" was the name of the unit before the change, with "centi" meaning a hundred and "grade" being a scale. </p><p>The other main measurement of temperature is the <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> scale, but it is less used. The Celsius scale, based on multiples of ten, is used with SI, or <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric</a>, measurements. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: History" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: History"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1742, <a href="/wiki/Anders_Celsius" title="Anders Celsius">Anders Celsius</a> made a "reversed" version of the modern Celsius temperature scale in which 0 was the boiling point of water and 100 the melting point of ice. In his paper <i>Observations of Two persistent Degrees on a thermometer,</i> he wrote about his experiments. He showed that the melting point of ice was basically unaffected by <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure">air pressure</a>. Ice would turn into water at the same temperature whether it was at sea level or on a mountain. </p><p>That was not the case for the boiling point of water, which is lower with less pressure, such as on a mountain. He decided that zero on his temperature scale, the boiling point of water, would be set at the standard <a href="/wiki/Barometer" title="Barometer">barometric</a> pressure at sea level, which is now known as one <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_(unit)" title="Atmosphere (unit)">atmosphere</a>. In 1954, Resolution 4 of the 10th CGPM<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the <a href="/wiki/CGPM" class="mw-redirect" title="CGPM">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a>) set what exactly is one standard atmosphere (101.325 <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">kPa</a> or 14.6959 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pound_per_square_inch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pound per square inch (not yet started)">psi</a>).<sub> </sub> </p><p>In 1744, the year that Celsius died, the famous Swedish botanist <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a> (1707–1778) used a reversed version<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Celsius's scale when he bought his first thermometer. Its scale had zero represent the melting point of ice and 100 represent the boiling point of water, as what is used today. His custom-made "Linnaeus thermometer" to be used in his greenhouses, was made by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Ekstr%C3%B6m&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Ekström (not yet started)">Daniel Ekström</a>, who was Sweden's leading maker of scientific instruments. Ekstöm's workshop was in the basement of the Stockholm <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">Observatory</a>. As then often happened before modern communications, many physicists, scientists, and instrument makers are given credit with independently making the same measurement scale;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among them were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pehr_Elvius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pehr Elvius (not yet started)">Pehr Elvius</a>, the secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (which had an instrument workshop), who Linnaeus had also talked to; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Pierre_Christin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Pierre Christin (not yet started)">Christin of Lyons</a>; Ekström, the instrument-maker; and <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A5rten_Str%C3%B6mer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mårten Strömer (not yet started)">Mårten Strömer</a> (1707–1770) who had studied astronomy under Anders Celsius. </p><p>The first known document<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> reporting temperatures in this modern "forward" Celsius scale is the paper <i>Hortus Upsaliensis</i>, dated 16 December 1745, by Linnaeus, who wrote to one of his students, Samuel Nauclér. In it, Linnaeus reported the temperatures inside the orangery at the Botanical Garden of <a href="/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>...since the caldarium (the hot part of the greenhouse) by the angle of the windows, merely from the rays of the sun, obtains such heat that the thermometer often reaches 30 degrees, although the keen gardener usually takes care not to let it rise to more than 20 to 25 degrees, and in winter not under 15 degrees...</p></blockquote> <p>For the next 204 years, the scientific and thermometry communities worldwide called this scale the "centigrade scale." Temperatures on the centigrade scale were often reported as "degrees" or "degrees centigrade." The symbol for temperature values on thiescale was °C (in several formats over the years). </p><p>Because the name "centigrade" was also the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> names for a unit of angular measurement (a hundredth of a right angle) and had a similar meaning in other languages, the term "centesimal degree" was used when very precise and clear language was required for international communication, such as by the <a href="/wiki/BIPM" class="mw-redirect" title="BIPM">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> (BIPM). The 9th CGPM (<a href="/wiki/CGPM" class="mw-redirect" title="CGPM">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a>) and the CIPM (<a href="/wiki/CIPM" class="mw-redirect" title="CIPM">International Committee for Weights and Measures</a>) officially decided to use "degree Celsius" (symbol: °C) in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There were three reasons for the decision to use the word <i>Celsius</i>: </p> <ol><li>All common temperature scales would have their units named after someone closely associated with them: Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit, Réaumur and Rankine.</li> <li>The symbol °C that for centuries had been used in association with the name <i>centigrade</i> could continue to be used but now meant <i>Celsius</i>. (Linnaeus was an important influence on the modern scale, but Celsius had first developed it.)</li> <li>The new name meant that <i>centigrade</i> could again mean only the French name for the unit of angular measurement.</li></ol> <p>It would take nearly two decades, however, for school textbooks to change from <i>centigrade</i> to <i>Celsius</i>, and many people today still use the old name. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Examples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Examples"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>On the Celsius scale, water freezes at 0° and boils at 100°.</li> <li>Room temperature is about 20 °C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero">Absolute zero</a> (the coldest possible temperature) is -273.15 °C.</li> <li>Liquid nitrogen is about -196 °C.</li> <li>Winters in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> can be between -80 and -90 °C.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">human</a>'s body temperature is usually 36.6 °C.</li> <li>Cats and dogs have a slightly higher body temperature, about 39 °C.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (not yet started)">ABS</a> plastic starts to soften at about 105 °C, and melts at about 250 °C</li> <li>Bread and some other foods are cooked at about 150 °C</li> <li>A wood fire burns at up to about 600 °C</li> <li>Steel melts at about 1500 °C.</li> <li>A halogen light bulb burns at about 2700 °C.</li> <li>The surface of the sun is about 5500 °C.</li> <li>The core of the sun is about 15 million °C.</li> <li>Absolute hot (the highest possible temperature) is about 142 nonillion °C.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperature_conversions">Temperature conversions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Temperature conversions" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Temperature conversions"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>To turn a temperature in degrees Celsius into <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvins</a>, 273.15 is added: K = C + 273.15. For example, 0  °C, the temperature at which water freezes, is 273.15 K.</li> <li>To turn a temperature in kelvins into degrees Celsius, 273.15 is subtracted: C = K - 273.15. For example, 310 K is the same temperature as 36.85 °C, about the temperature of a <a href="/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a>.</li> <li>To turn a temperature in degrees Celsius into degrees <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a>, the former is multiplied by 9/5 and then 32  °F is added: F = (9/5) * C + 32.</li> <li>To turn a temperature in degrees <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> into degrees Celsius, 32 is subtracted and the result is multiplied by by 5/9: C = (F - 32) * (5/9).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Celsius&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/CGPM/db/10/4/">"Resolution 4 of 10th CGPM"</a>. BIPM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+4+of+10th+CGPM&rft.pub=BIPM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2FCGPM%2Fdb%2F10%2F4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACelsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thermodynamics-information.net, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thermodynamics-information.net/"><i>A Brief History of Temperature Measurement</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190107011316/http://www.thermodynamics-information.net/">Archived</a> 2019-01-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and; Uppsala University (Sweden), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/life/6_32.html"><i>Linnaeus’ thermometer</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Citation for Daniel Ekström, Mårten Strömer, Christian of Lyons: The Physics Hypertextbook, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hypertextbook.com/physics/thermal/thermo-zero/"><i>Temperature</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329053543/http://hypertextbook.com/physics/thermal/thermo-zero/">Archived</a> 2007-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; citation for Christian of Lyons: Le Moyne College, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/archemc.html"><i>Glossary, (Celsius scale)</i></a>; citation for Linnaeus’ connection with Pehr Elvius and Daniel Ekström: Uppsala University (Sweden), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/life/6_32.html"><i>Linnaeus’ thermometer</i></a>; general citation: The Uppsala Astronomical Observatory, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astro.uu.se/history/celsius_scale.html"><i>History of the Celsius temperature scale</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">University of Wisconsin–Madison, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/SpecialCollections/gardens/sectionpages/linnaeus.htm"><i>Linnæus & his Garden</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021115043835/http://www.library.wisc.edu/libraries/SpecialCollections/gardens/sectionpages/linnaeus.htm">Archived</a> 2002-11-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and; Uppsala University, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linnaeus.uu.se/online/life/6_32.html"><i>Linnaeus’ thermometer</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cipm/cipm-1948.html">"BIPM notes from 1948"</a>. BIPM<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BIPM+notes+from+1948&rft.pub=BIPM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2Fcommittees%2Fcipm%2Fcipm-1948.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACelsius" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <i>The Oxford English Dictionary</i> (OED), the term "Celsius' thermometer" had been used at least as early as 1797. The term "The Celsius or Centigrade thermometer" was again used as the name of a particular type of thermometer at least as early as 1850. However, this was probably used by the general public, not by scientists. As an example, the twelve-volume 1933 edition of OED did not even have a listing for the word <i>Celsius</i> (but did have listings for both <i>centigrade</i> and <i>centesimal</i> in the context of temperature measurement).</span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">Ampere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candela" title="Candela">Candela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mole_(unit)" title="Mole (unit)">mole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">s</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SI_base_units.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="SI base unit"><img alt="SI base unit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SI_base_units.svg/125px-SI_base_units.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SI_base_units.svg/188px-SI_base_units.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/SI_base_units.svg/250px-SI_base_units.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Units based<br />on other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Becquerel" title="Becquerel">Bq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curie_(unit)" title="Curie (unit)">Ci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coulomb" title="Coulomb">C</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">°C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farad" title="Farad">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_(unit)" title="Gray (unit)">Gy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_(unit)" title="Henry (unit)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">Hz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule" title="Joule">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">BTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katal" title="Katal">Katal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumen_(unit)" title="Lumen (unit)">lumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lux" class="mw-redirect" title="Lux">lux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newton_(unit)" title="Newton (unit)">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohm" title="Ohm">Ω</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unit)" title="Pascal (unit)">Pa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">rad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unit)" title="Siemens (unit)">Siemens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sievert" title="Sievert">Sv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steradian" title="Steradian">Steradian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesla_(unit)" title="Tesla (unit)">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weber_(unit)" title="Weber (unit)">Wb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other SI units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_Unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Astronomical Unit">AU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_(unit)" title="Bar (unit)">bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day" title="Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decibel" title="Decibel">dB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree of arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronvolt" title="Electronvolt">Electronvolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hectare" title="Hectare">Hectare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">h</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li> 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