CINXE.COM
汉语拼音 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="zh" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>汉语拼音 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )zhwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"zh", "wgMonthNames":["","1月","2月","3月","4月","5月","6月","7月","8月","9月","10月","11月","12月"],"wgRequestId":"3b933523-1ea9-4570-903a-4e30868d897e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"汉语拼音","wgTitle":"汉语拼音","wgCurRevisionId":85128028,"wgRevisionId":85128028,"wgArticleId":4481,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["含有英語的條目","自2021年4月缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句","自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目","引文格式1错误:日期","自2024年6月需补充来源的条目","拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目","含有漢語拼音的條目","使用抬升式引用的條目","含有拉丁語的條目","需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目","可能带有原创研究的条目","包含Unicode私有区字符的条目","CS1英语来源 (en)", "包含GND标识符的维基百科条目","使用ISBN魔术链接的页面","现代标准汉语拼音系统","汉语拼音","ISO標準"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentLanguage":"zh","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"汉语拼音","wgRelevantArticleId":4481,"wgUserVariant":"zh","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"漢語拼音","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"zh","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":["zh-hans","zh-hant","zh-cn","zh-tw","zh-hk","zh-sg","zh-mo","zh-my"]},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl": "/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q42222","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.large-font":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.edit0","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.UnihanTooltips","ext.gadget.Difflink","ext.gadget.pseudonamespace-UI","ext.gadget.SpecialWikitext","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.VariantAlly","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.hideConversionTab","ext.gadget.internalLinkHelper-altcolor","ext.gadget.noteTA","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.collapsibleTables","ext.gadget.scrollUpButton","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth", "ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=ext.gadget.large-font&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=zh&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="汉语拼音 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="编辑本页" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (zh)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//zh.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hans/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-my/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-sg/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-mo/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia的Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-汉语拼音 rootpage-汉语拼音 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">跳转到内容</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="主菜单" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">主菜单</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">主菜单</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 导航 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="访问首页[z]" accesskey="z"><span>首页</span></a></li><li id="n-indexpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95" title="以分类索引搜寻中文维基百科"><span>分类索引</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured_content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9" title="查看中文维基百科的特色内容"><span>特色内容</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8B" title="提供当前新闻事件的背景资料"><span>新闻动态</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%9C%80%E8%BF%91%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9" title="列出维基百科中的最近修改[r]" accesskey="r"><span>最近更改</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%9A%8F%E6%9C%BA%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="随机载入一个页面[x]" accesskey="x"><span>随机条目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-help" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-help" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 帮助 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95" title="寻求帮助"><span>帮助</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%A4%BE%E7%BE%A4%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" title="关于本计划、你可以做什么、应该如何做"><span>维基社群</span></a></li><li id="n-policy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%96%B9%E9%87%9D%E8%88%87%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95" title="查看维基百科的方针和指引"><span>方针与指引</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BA%92%E5%8A%A9%E5%AE%A2%E6%A0%88" title="参与维基百科社群的讨论"><span>互助客栈</span></a></li><li id="n-Information_desk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E9%97%AE%E7%AD%94" title="解答任何与维基百科无关的问题的地方"><span>知识问答</span></a></li><li id="n-conversion" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%AD%97%E8%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2" title="提出字词转换请求"><span>字词转换</span></a></li><li id="n-IRC" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC%E8%81%8A%E5%A4%A9%E9%A2%91%E9%81%93"><span>IRC即时聊天</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E8%81%94%E7%BB%9C%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC" title="如何联络维基百科"><span>联络我们</span></a></li><li id="n-about" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E" title="查看维基百科的简介"><span>关于维基百科</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="维基百科" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="自由的百科全书" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-zh.svg" width="103" height="14" style="width: 6.4375em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%90%9C%E7%B4%A2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>搜索</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="搜索维基百科" aria-label="搜索维基百科" autocapitalize="sentences" title="搜索维基百科[f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:搜索"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">搜索</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="个人工具"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="更改页面字体大小、宽度和颜色的外观" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="外观" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-汉语拼音方案的制订经过" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汉语拼音方案的制订经过"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>汉语拼音方案的制订经过</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汉语拼音方案的制订经过-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拼音字母表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拼音字母表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>拼音字母表</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-拼音字母表-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关拼音字母表子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-拼音字母表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-概說" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概說"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>概說</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概說-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-声母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>声母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韵母" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韵母"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>韵母</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韵母-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-韵母的分类" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韵母的分类"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>韵母的分类</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韵母的分类-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-韻頭、韻腹、韻尾" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#韻頭、韻腹、韻尾"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>韻頭、韻腹、韻尾</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-韻頭、韻腹、韻尾-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-bo、po、mo、fo_的發音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#bo、po、mo、fo_的發音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.3</span> <span>bo、po、mo、fo 的發音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-bo、po、mo、fo_的發音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-書寫規則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#書寫規則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>書寫規則</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-書寫規則-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关書寫規則子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-書寫規則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-字型" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字型"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>字型</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字型-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-声调" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#声调"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>声调</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-声调-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-鼻音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鼻音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>鼻音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鼻音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-轻声" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#轻声"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>轻声</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-轻声-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-儿化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#儿化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>儿化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-儿化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-隔音符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#隔音符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>隔音符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-隔音符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-正词法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#正词法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>正词法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-正词法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-字母词读音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#字母词读音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>字母词读音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-字母词读音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-j、q、x等字母的来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#j、q、x等字母的来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>j、q、x等字母的来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-j、q、x等字母的来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-功能" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#功能"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>功能</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-功能-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关功能子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-功能-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-汉语拼音化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#汉语拼音化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>汉语拼音化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-汉语拼音化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-拼音排检法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#拼音排检法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>拼音排检法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-拼音排检法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>问题</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-问题-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关问题子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-讀音" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讀音"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>讀音</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-讀音-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-電腦處理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#電腦處理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>電腦處理</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-電腦處理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-对其他语言拼音的影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#对其他语言拼音的影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>对其他语言拼音的影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-对其他语言拼音的影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode输入码位" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode输入码位"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Unicode输入码位</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode输入码位-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>注释</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关参考文献子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-来源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#来源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>来源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-来源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">汉语拼音</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。108种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-108" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">108种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بينيين – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بينيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%86" title="پينيپين – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="پينيپين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینیین – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پینیین" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньінь – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Піньінь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ফিনিন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিনিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ng-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84_P%C4%ADng-%C4%ADng" title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Háng-ngṳ̄ Pĭng-ĭng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86-%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین-ین – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پین-ین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BD" title="Πινγίν – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πινγίν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjino" title="Pinjino – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pinjino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%E2%80%8C%DB%8C%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینیین – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پینیین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – 赣语" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="赣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hon-ng%C3%AE_Ph%C3%AEn-y%C3%AEm" title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hon-ngî Phîn-yîm" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9F-%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="פין-יין – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פין-יין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पिनयिन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पिनयिन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Փինյին – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փինյին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin-sistemo" title="Pinyin-sistemo – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pinyin-sistemo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="拼音 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="拼音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – 爪哇语" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="爪哇语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ფინინი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფინინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пінин – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пінин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EC%96%B4%EB%B3%91%EC%9D%8C" title="한어병음 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="한어병음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 拉迪诺语" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="拉迪诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%99" title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພິ່ນອິ່ນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%86ji%C5%86s" title="Piņjiņs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Piņjiņs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 毛利语" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="毛利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" title="Hanyu Pinyin – 米南佳保语" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Hanyu Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="米南佳保语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="പിൻയിൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പിൻയിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="फीनयीन – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="फीनयीन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 低萨克森语" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="低萨克森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8" title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਿਨਯਿਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – 庇卡底文" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="庇卡底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanyu_pinyin" title="Hanyu pinyin – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hanyu pinyin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86_%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پین ین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پین ین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пінїнь – 盧森尼亞文" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Пінїнь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="盧森尼亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Пиньинь – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Пиньинь" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pchin-jin" title="Pchin-jin – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pchin-jin" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinjin" title="Pinjin – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pinjin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинјин – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пинјин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பின்யின் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பின்யின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="พินอิน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พินอิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%89%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%86" title="پىنيىن – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پىنيىن" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Піньїнь – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Піньїнь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پینین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پینین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADnh_%C3%A2m_H%C3%A1n_ng%E1%BB%AF" title="Bính âm Hán ngữ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bính âm Hán ngữ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="汉语拼音" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пинин – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Пинин" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pinyin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binghyeam_Vahgun" title="Binghyeam Vahgun – 壮语" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Binghyeam Vahgun" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="壮语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="漢語拼音 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="漢語拼音" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0n-g%C3%AD_Pheng-im" title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hàn-gí Pheng-im" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="普通話拼音 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="普通話拼音" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&oldid=85128028" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&id=85128028&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B1%2589%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E6%258B%25BC%25E9%259F%25B3"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E6%25B1%2589%25E8%25AF%25AD%25E6%258B%25BC%25E9%259F%25B3"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pinyin" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD/%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B" hreflang="zh"><span>维基教科书</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikisource mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" hreflang="zh"><span>维基文库</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42222" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-28077c38" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(重定向自<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語拼音">漢語拼音</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2024年6月6日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>,<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">"汉语拼音"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%22">图像</a></span>),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>)。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-28077c38" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:母音 ;zh-hk:母音 ;zh-hans:元音 ;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-tw:子音 ;zh-hk:子音 ;zh-hans:辅音 ; 輔音=>zh-tw:子音;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:里;zh-hant:裡"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>「<b>拼音</b>」重定向至此。关于其他用法,请见「<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89)" class="mw-disambig" title="拼音 (消歧义)">拼音 (消歧义)</a></b>」。</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><b>提示</b>:此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a></b>、<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="注音">注音</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拼音文字">拼音文字</a></b>。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:white">汉语拼音<br /><div style="font-weight:normal"><span lang="zh-latn-pinyin">Hànyǔ pīnyīn</span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;">类型</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;line-height:1.25em">拼音系统</div> 罗马化方案</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap">创造于</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1950年代</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">使用时期</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a><span class="nowrap">(1958年至今)</span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>(1980年至今)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/22px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/33px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Singapore.svg/44px-Flag_of_Singapore.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>(1980年至今)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>(1982年至今)</li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>(2009年至今)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;">语言</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd;">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">BCP 47變體子標籤:<code>pinyin</code><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="text-align:left; background:#eee;"><span style="font-size:90%"> 本條目包含<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a> (IPA) 符號。 有關 IPA 符號的介紹指南,請參閱 <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61209503">.mw-parser-output .IPA{font-family:"Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Linux Libertine","Segoe UI","Lucida Sans Unicode","Code2000","Gentium","Gentium Alternative","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Arial Unicode MS","IPAPANNEW","Chrysanthi Unicode","GentiumAlt","Bitstream Vera","Bitstream Cyberbit","Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro","Lucida Grande",sans-serif;text-decoration:none!important}.mw-parser-output .IPA a:link,.mw-parser-output .IPA a:visited{text-decoration:none!important}</style><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ ]</span>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ /</span> 及 ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"> </span>⟩ 之間的區別,參閲<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">IPA§方括號與轉錄定界符</a>。</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li::after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li::after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li::after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:"("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li::after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child::after{content:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84913072">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:100%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-subgroup,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:215px"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccf">漢語族拼音方案</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccc"> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" title="漢字注音史">漢字注音史</a><br /><small>(*代表為現行由政府公告承認)</small></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">官话</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="官話拼音歷史">官话拼音史</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">標準北京音</a> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="現代標準漢語拼音對照表">標準官話拼音對照表</a></b></li> <li>基於拉丁字母的拼寫 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="郵政式拼音">郵政式拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">北方话拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">汉语拼音</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" title="國語注音符號第二式">注音第二式</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E9%81%A0%E6%9D%B1%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="法國遠東學院拼音">法國遠東學院拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="德國式拼音">德國式拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="捷克式拼音">捷克式拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%BC%8F%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="简式威妥玛拼音">简式威妥玛拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="理雅各拼音">理雅各拼音</a></li></ul></li> <li>使用漢字部件 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="官话合声字母">官话合声字母</a></li></ul></li> <li>基於其他書寫系統拼寫 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="汉语西里尔字母转写系统">汉语西里尔字母转写系统</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="小儿经">小儿经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%9A%84%E8%92%99%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="汉字的蒙文转写">汉字的蒙文转写</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%9A%84%E9%9F%A9%E6%96%87%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" title="中文的韩文转写">中文的韩文转写</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>其他官話 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西北官话">西北官话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E5%84%BF%E7%BB%8F" title="小儿经">小儿经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%B9%B2%E8%AF%AD" title="东干语">东干语</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="西南官话">西南官话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="四川话拉丁化新文字">四川话拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="四川话拼音">四川话拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="柳州話拼音">柳州話拼音</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B7%AE%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="江淮官话">江淮官话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="南京話拉丁化方案">南京官話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AC%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E8%A1%A8" title="扬州话拉丁化字母表">扬州话拉丁化字母表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="中原官话">中原官话</a> <ul><li>??</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">閩語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="閩語拼音史(页面不存在)">閩語拼音史</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="閩南語拉丁化歷史">閩南語拼音史</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E6%B5%B7%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="沿海閩語">沿海閩語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1" title="福州話">福州話</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%9A%E6%9E%97%E5%85%AB%E9%9F%B3" title="戚林八音">戚林八音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="平話字">平話字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="福州话拼音方案">福州话拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%96%E9%96%A9%E6%9D%B1%EF%BC%88%E7%A6%8F%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="馬祖閩東(福州)語注音符號">馬祖閩東(福州)語注音符號</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%86%E4%BB%99%E8%AA%9E" title="莆仙語">莆仙語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%88%E5%8C%96%E5%B9%B3%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="興化平話字">興化平話字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%89%E6%BC%B3%E7%89%87" title="泉漳片">泉漳片</a> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/16px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/24px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/32px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" class="extiw" title="v:閩南語拼音對照表">閩南語拼音對照表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="白話字">白話字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="臺灣方音符號">臺語方音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87" title="台語現代文">臺語現代文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B0%A1%E5%BC%8F%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87" title="簡式台語現代文">簡式台語現代文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E5%AF%A6%E5%8F%B0%E6%96%87" title="普實台文">普實台文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣語言音標方案">臺灣語言音標方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="臺語通用拼音">臺語通用拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣台語羅馬字拼音方案">臺羅拼音</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%88%E9%96%80%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="廈門話拉丁化新文字">廈門話拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="閩南話拼音方案">閩南話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%9E%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="東南亞福建話拼音">东南亚福建话拼音</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/16px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/24px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Wikiversity-logo.svg/32px-Wikiversity-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wikiversity.org/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E8%AA%9E%E8%AB%BA%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="v:臺語諺文">臺語諺文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南語">閩南語</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%95%E7%89%87" class="mw-redirect" title="潮汕片">潮汕片</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="潮州話拼音方案">潮州話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="潮州白話字">潮州白話字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="潮州话拉丁化新文字(页面不存在)">潮州话拉丁化新文字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%B0%E8%AF%9D" title="海丰话">陸海片</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%90%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="海豐話拼音方案(页面不存在)">海豐話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D" title="海南话">海南话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="海南话拼音方案">海南話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%B1%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="海南話白話字">海南話白話字</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%BF%E5%B1%B1%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="沿山閩語">沿山閩語</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8C%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽北语">闽北语</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%AF%A7%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="建寧羅馬字">建寧羅馬字</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">吳語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="吳語拼音史(页面不存在)">吳語拼音史</a></b></li> <li>通用方案 <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="吴语拉丁化方案">吴语拉丁化方案</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="吴语音韵罗马字">吴语音韵罗马字</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="苏州话">苏州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="苏州话教会罗马字">苏州话罗马字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="苏州话拼音方案">苏州话拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%98%87%E5%B7%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蘇州注音符號(页面不存在)">蘇州注音符號</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D" title="上海话">上海话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%BC%8F%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E6%B3%95" title="吳語拉丁式注音法">上海話拉丁注音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="上海话教会罗马字">上海話羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">江南話拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E4%B9%83%E8%8D%A3%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="钱乃荣式上海话拼音方案">錢乃榮式上海話拼音方案</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="上海话拉丁化方案">現代上海話拼音對照表</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="杭州话">杭州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E6%9D%AD%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="教会杭州话罗马字">杭州話羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%9D" title="宁波话">宁波话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%81%E6%B3%A2%E8%AF%9D%E6%95%99%E4%BC%9A%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="宁波话教会罗马字">寧波話羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="台州话">台州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="台州話羅馬字">台州話羅馬字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="温州话">温州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="溫州話羅馬字">溫州話羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%9E%E8%A9%B1%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%93%AF%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="溫州話新字瓯文(页面不存在)">溫州話新字瓯文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">瓯嘉話拉丁化新文字</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">粵語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="粵語的拼音歷史">粵語拼音史</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" title="粵語拼音對照表">粵語拼音對照表</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D" title="广州话">广州话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案">粵拼</a><small>(香港語言學學會粵語拼音方案)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%B8%E9%99%A2%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="教育學院拼音方案">教育學院拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AF%AC%E5%BC%8F%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="粵語寬式國際音標">粵語寬式國際音標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%8C%AB%E5%87%8C%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="黃錫凌羅馬拼音">黃錫凌羅馬拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%8C%AB%E7%A5%A5%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="劉錫祥拼音">劉錫祥拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E9%AD%AF%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="耶魯拼音">耶魯粵語拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="广州话拼音方案">廣州拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="香港政府粵語拼音">港府方案</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="澳門政府粵語拼音">澳門政府拼音</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer%E2%80%93Wempe" title="Meyer–Wempe">Meyer–Wempe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="粵語標準羅馬字">標準羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="粤语罗马字">粤语罗马字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="粵語注音符號">粵語注音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">广州话拉丁化新文字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%A4%E4%BF%84%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E8%BD%AC%E5%BD%95" title="粤俄实用转录">粤俄实用转录</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E9%BB%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語點字">粵語點字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%82%91%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="四邑方言">四邑方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E5%B1%B1%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="台山话拼音方案">台山話拼音方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B9%B3%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="开平话拼音方案">開平話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%99%BD%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="高陽方言">高陽方言</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%BD%E6%B1%9F%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="陽江話拼音方案">陽江話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">客家话</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家語拼音史(页面不存在)">客家語拼音史</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E5%8F%B0%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="粵台客語">粵東客家話</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="客家白話字">客家白話字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="客家話拼音方案">客家話拼音方案</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E" title="臺灣客家語">臺灣客家话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E7%99%BD%E8%A9%B1%E5%AD%97" title="客語白話字">客語白話字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="臺灣方音符號">臺灣方音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="臺灣語言音標方案">臺灣語言音標方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="客語通用拼音">客語通用拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="客家語拼音方案">臺灣客家語拼音方案</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E6%9D%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="廣東語假名">廣東語假名</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其他漢語</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E" title="贛語">贛語</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B4%9B%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="贛語拼音(页面不存在)">贛語拼音</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%9F%E8%AF%9D" title="湘南土话">湘南土话</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="女书">女书</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="中古汉语">中古汉语</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">跨方言通用方案</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left;font-size:small"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%9C%83%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="教會羅馬字">教會羅馬字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%AD%97%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="通字方案">趙元任通字方案</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%96%B9%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="臺灣方音符號">臺灣方音符號</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RCL" title="Template:RCL"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RCL" title="Template talk:RCL"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:RCL" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:RCL"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>汉语拼音</b>(<span lang="zh-latn-pinyin">Hànyǔ pīnyīn</span>)是一種以<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="標音">標音</a>的方案,為現代標準漢語<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬拼音">羅馬拼音</a>的國際標準規範。汉语拼音在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>作为基础教育内容全面使用,是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="义务教育">义务教育</a>的重要内容。在海外,漢語拼音也是幾乎全世界<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="汉语">汉语</a>學習者在學習<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>之前首先接觸到的拼音<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,特别是常用<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">現代標準漢語</a>的地区如<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1" title="新加坡">新加坡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="马来西亚">马来西亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE" title="菲律宾">菲律宾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%97" title="唐人街">唐人街</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="海外華人">海外華人</a>集中的地方,大部分也在汉语教育中进行汉语拼音教学。<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>自2008年開始,中文譯音使用原則也採用漢語拼音<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,但部分地名、道路名稱和護照姓名仍採用<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%BC%8F%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="郵政式拼音">郵政式拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%AD%97" title="國語羅馬字">國語羅馬字</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%BC%8F" title="國語注音符號第二式">國音二式</a>抑或<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用拼音</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>汉语拼音系统是在1950年代由包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%BF%97%E9%9F%A6" title="陆志韦">陆志韦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E9%94%A6%E7%86%99" title="黎锦熙">黎锦熙</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97" title="丁西林">丁西林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%B1%89%E8%BE%BE" title="林汉达">林汉达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%82%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="韦悫">韦悫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%B1%81%E5%A3%AB" title="叶籁士">叶籁士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%89%E5%85%89" title="周有光">周有光</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%8F%94%E6%B9%98" title="吕叔湘">吕叔湘</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%9F" title="魏建功">魏建功</a>等在内的一群中国语言学家整合早期<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="汉字拉丁化">汉字拉丁化</a>基础及后来各种提议而开发的。汉语拼音方案同时是将汉字<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99" class="mw-redirect" title="转写">转写</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%8C%96" title="罗马化">为拉丁字母</a>的规范方式,也是国际普遍承认的汉语<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" title="現代標準漢語">普通话</a>拉丁转写标准。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准">国际标准</a>ISO 7098(《中文罗马字母拼写法》)写道:“本国际标准解释了中国的官方语言现代标准汉语(普通话)的罗马化原则,由国务院于 1956-02-06 颁布的《普通话推广方针》中定义。本国际标准可用于书目、目录、索引、地名列表等的文件编制。”<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法">中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法</a>》第十八条规定:“《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="汉语拼音方案">汉语拼音方案</a>》是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中国</a>人名、地名和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE" title="文献">文献</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="罗马字母">罗马字母</a>拼写法的统一规范,并用于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>不便或不能使用的领域。” </p><p>无论是ISO国际标准还是中国大陆法律规范,都明确指出了汉语拼音的性质和地位,即汉语普通话的拉丁拼写法或转写系统,而非汉语<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AF%AB%E6%B3%95" title="正寫法">正寫法</a>或汉语的文字系统。汉语拼音字母只是对方案所用拉丁字母个体的称谓,并不意味着汉语拼音是一种<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拼音文字">拼音文字</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%B4%A0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="全音素文字">全音素文字</a>)。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="汉语拼音方案的制订经过"><span id=".E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E6.96.B9.E6.A1.88.E7.9A.84.E5.88.B6.E8.AE.A2.E7.BB.8F.E8.BF.87"></span>汉语拼音方案的制订经过</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:汉语拼音方案的制订经过"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%8F%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="汉语拼音史">漢語拼音史</a></div> <p>20世紀初期中文主要的音譯系統是由19世紀中葉時<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="英國">英國</a>人<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="威妥瑪">威妥瑪</a>建立的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>系統,該系統是一套用於拼寫中文<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D" title="官话">官话</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="普通話">普通話</a>的羅馬拼音系統。中国民族知识分子采用拉丁字母设计汉语的注音最早可以追溯到1906年<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E6%96%87%E7%86%8A" title="朱文熊">朱文熊</a>的《江苏新字母》和1908年刘孟扬的《中国音标字书》,还有1926年的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="国语罗马字">国语罗马字</a>和1931年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">拉丁化新文字</a>。所有这些汉字拉丁化方案都为汉语拼音的制定提供了基础。 </p><p>1936年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%AB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="埃德加·斯諾">埃德加·斯諾</a>访问陕北时,发现<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E7%89%B9%E7%AB%8B" title="徐特立">徐特立</a>正在苏区进行汉语拉丁化拼音方案的试验,并称这套方案基本能满足汉语拼音化的改革。此事被记入《<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%A1%8C%E6%BC%AB%E8%AE%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="西行漫记">西行漫记</a>》一书,这套拼音方案也成为1949年中华人民共和国中央人民政府成立后大陆文字改革的基石之一。 </p><p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="中国共产党中央委员会主席">中国共产党中央委员会主席</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>关于制定民族形式的汉语拼音文字方案的指示,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革研究委员会">中国文字改革研究委员会</a>从1952年3月开始了以制定汉字笔画式拼音方案为主的研究工作。 </p><p>1954年10月,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%80%BB%E7%90%86" title="中华人民共和国国务院总理">中华人民共和国国务院总理</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5" title="周恩来">周恩来</a>提议设立“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>”,并指示:拼音方案可以采用拉丁化,但是要能标出四声。 </p><p>在试制民族形式的汉语拼音方案前后,1950年到1955年,全国各地和海外华侨共633人寄来了655个汉语拼音文字方案,文字改革研究委员会从中选择了264种,编印成《各地人士寄来汉语拼音文字方案汇编》两册,作为制定汉语拼音方案的重要参考资料。汉语拼音文字方案大致有这样几种形式:汉字笔画式、拉丁字母式、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="斯拉夫字母">斯拉夫字母</a>式、几种字母的混合形式、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9F%E8%AE%B0" title="速记">速记</a>式、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E6%A1%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图案(页面不存在)">图案</a>式、<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="数字">数字</a>形式。<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%B1%81%E5%A3%AB" title="叶籁士">叶籁士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%BF%97%E9%9F%A6" title="陆志韦">陆志韦</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%89%E5%85%89" title="周有光">周有光</a>于1956年1月起草了以拉丁字母为基础的《汉语拼音方案(草案)》。<sup id="cite_ref-Ma_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ma-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>拼音方案委员会在1956年4月到1957年10月期间召开了十次会议,根据各界的意见讨论和修订《汉语拼音方案(草案)》,组成了由<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a>、陆志韦、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E9%94%A6%E7%86%99" title="黎锦熙">黎锦熙</a>参加的三人小组,由他们起草对“草案”的修正要点,并拟出一个“修正草案”。<sup id="cite_ref-WZGG_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WZGG-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1956年6月29日,拼音方案委员会召开修订座谈会,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%AF%85" title="陈毅">陈毅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%B9%94%E6%9C%A8" title="胡乔木">胡乔木</a>出席了会议。在这次座谈会上讨论的修正草案,有王力、陆志韦、黎锦熙三人小组的一种,以及<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97" title="丁西林">丁西林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%B1%89%E8%BE%BE" title="林汉达">林汉达</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A6%E6%82%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="韦悫">韦悫</a>、黎锦熙等人的个人修正草案数种。经过讨论,决定以三人小组的草案作为修正第一式,林汉达的草案作为修正第二式。1956年8月,拼音方案委员会发表了《关于修正汉语拼音方案(草案)的初步意见》。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1956年9月26日,中国文字改革委员会主任<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E7%8E%89%E7%AB%A0" title="吴玉章">吴玉章</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AB%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党第八次全国代表大会">中国共产党第八次全国代表大会</a>上作《关于中国文字改革问题》的发言。发言指出,“汉语拼音方案,采用罗马字母,这是确定了的。因为拉丁字母是现代大多数的民族语言中所公用的字母,并且是为中国知识界所已经熟悉的一种字母。……拼音方案,在目前主要的用途,是为了给汉字注音和用作教学普通话的工具。” </p><p>1957年11月1日,第六十次<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E5%85%A8%E4%BD%93%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE" title="国务院全体会议">国务院全体会议</a>通过《关于公布〈汉语拼音方案草案〉的决议》。 </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">汉语拼音方案草案,经中国文字改革委员会提出后,两年来,由中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会和各地方协商委员会组织了广泛的讨论,并且由国务院组织汉语拼音方案审订委员会加以审核修订,最后又由中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会召开扩大会议加以审议,现在由国务院全体会议通过,准备提请全国人民代表大会下次会议讨论和批准,并且决定登报公布,让全国人民事先知道。 <p>应用汉语拼音方案为汉字注音来帮助识字和统一读音,对于改进学校语文教学,推广普通话,扫除文盲,都将起推进作用。对于少数民族制定文字和学习汉语方面,也有重大意义。因此,这个方案草案在提请全国人民代表大会讨论和批准之后,可以在师范、中小学校,成人补习学校,扫盲教育和出版等方面逐步推行,并在实践过程中继续求得完善化。具体办法,将由教育部、文化部及其他有关单位会同中国文字改革委员会分别拟定,报告国务院批准施行。 </p> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite>——《关于公布〈汉语拼音方案草案〉的决议》</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1958年1月10日,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会">中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会</a>举行报告会,国务院总理兼全国政协主席<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5" title="周恩来">周恩来</a>作了《当前文字改革的任务》的重要报告。报告规定了中国当前文字改革的任务是:简化汉字,推广普通话,制定和推行《汉语拼音方案》。并指出:汉语拼音方案是用来为汉字注音和推广普通话的,它并不是用来代替汉字的拼音文字。汉字的前途问题(是否拼音化、拉丁化)不属于当前文字改革任务的范围。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg/300px-Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg/450px-Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg/600px-Dajia-shuo-Putonghua-2817.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1139" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>一所学校推广普通话的标语,使用汉语拼音(没有<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="聲調">声调</a>)注音</figcaption></figure> <p>1958年1月27日,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="第一届全国人民代表大会">第一届全国人民代表大会</a>第五次会议开始讨论《汉语拼音方案草案》。2月3日,吴玉章在第一届第五次会议上作《关于当前文字改革工作和汉语拼音方案的报告》。经过讨论后,2月11日,<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="第一届全国人民代表大会">第一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议</a>正式批准《汉语拼音方案》,并通过了《全国人民代表大会关于汉语拼音方案的决议》。 </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">第一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议讨论了国务院周恩来总理提出的关于汉语拼音方案草案的议案,和中国文字改革委员会吴玉章主任关于当前文字改革和汉语拼音方案的报告,决定:一、批准汉语拼音方案。二、原则同意吴玉章主任关于当前文字改革和汉语拼音方案的报告,认为应该继续简化汉字,积极推广普通话;汉语拼音方案作为帮助学习汉字和推广普通话的工具,应该首先在师范、中、小学校进行教学,积累教学经验,同时在出版等方面逐步推行,并且在实践过程中继续求得方案的进一步完善。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="border: none; padding-right: 4%; font-size: smaller; text-align: right;"><cite>——《第一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议关于汉语拼音方案的决议》</cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>1965年5月12日,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%8B%E7%BB%98%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="国家测绘总局">国家测绘总局</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>于联合颁发了《少数民族语地名的汉语拼音字母音译转写法(草案)》。1976年6月进行了修订。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1977年9月,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD" title="联合国">联合国</a>第三届地名标准化会议根据“名从主人”的原则,通过了《联合国第三届地名标准化会议:关于推荐用〈汉语拼音方案〉拼写中国地名作为中国地理名称罗马字母拼法的国际标准的决议》。大会认识到:《汉语拼音方案》是中国法定的罗马字母拼音方案;中国已制定了“中国地名汉语拼音拼写法”;注意到:《汉语拼音方案》从语言学的观点来看是健全的,也极宜作为中国地理名称罗马字母拼写依据;《中华人民共和国地图(汉语拼音版)》、《汉语拼音中国地名手册(英汉对照)》以及其他资料已经在中国出版;《汉语拼音方案》已经有了广泛的应用;考虑到:经过一个适当的过渡时期后,在国际上采用汉语拼音作为中国地理名称的罗马字母拼写依据是完全可能的;因此推荐:采用汉语拼音作为国际上用罗马字母拼写中国地理名称的(惟一)系统。 </p><p>1978年9月26日,国务院批转<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>、国家测绘总局等单位的《关于改用汉语拼音方案作为我国人名地名罗马字母拼写法的统一规范的报告》,从1979年1月1日起,中华人民共和国在对外文件、书刊中的人名、地名的罗马字母拼写,一律采用汉语拼音方案拼写。“……改用汉语拼音字母作为我国人名地名罗马字母拼法,是取代威妥玛式等各种旧拼法,消除我国人名地名在罗马字母拼写法方面长期存在混乱现象的重要措施。”中国大陆此後即直接以汉语拼音“统一”大陆地方译名,只有<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨">拉萨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="内蒙古">内蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E9%B2%81%E6%9C%A8%E9%BD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="乌鲁木齐">乌鲁木齐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94%E6%BB%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="哈尔滨">哈尔滨</a>等<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="少数民族">少数民族</a>地方获保留旧式发音译名,像广州、汕头、厦门等原来使用粤音和潮汕发音、闽南发音的拼写全部取消。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%89%B9%E8%BD%AC%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%94%B9%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E4%BD%9C%E4%B8%BA%E6%88%91%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%8B%BC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A" class="extiw" title="s:国务院批转关于改用汉语拼音方案作为我国人名地名罗马字母拼写法的统一规范的报告">国务院批转关于改用汉语拼音方案作为我国人名地名罗马字母拼写法的统一规范的报告</a></b></div></div> </div> <p>1978年9月26日,国务院批转文字改革委员会、外交部、测绘总局、地名委员会《关于改用汉语拼音方案拼写中国人名地名作为罗马字母拼写法的实施说明》第三条规定:“在各外语中地名的专名部分原则上音译,用汉语拼音字母拼写,通名部分(如省、市、自治区、江、河、湖、海等)采取意译。但在专名是单音节时,其通名应视作专名的一部分,先音译,后重复意译。例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%A0%E6%B1%9F" title="珠江">珠江</a>,须翻译成“Zhujiang River”。 </p><p>1979年6月15日,<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E7%A7%98%E4%B9%A6%E5%A4%84" title="联合国秘书处">联合国秘书处</a>关于采用汉语拼音的通知:“……从1979年6月15日起,联合国秘书处采用汉语拼音的新拼法作为在各种拉丁字母文字中转写中华人民共和国人名和地名的标准。从这一天起,秘书处起草、翻译或发出的各种文件都用汉语拼音书写中国名称。” </p><p>1980年代初,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国地名委员会">中国地名委员会</a>制定了《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼音规则(草案)》。 </p><p>1981年1月,中国地名委员会、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国外交部">中华人民共和国外交部</a>、中国文字改革委员会和国家测绘总局发表公告称,“目前国际上虽然在拼写中国地名(包括台湾的地名)时,大多数使用了汉语拼音方案,但他们在对台电信联系等方面,还是沿用旧拼法。根据中央最近确定的对台工作的方针政策,和鉴于用汉语拼音方案拼写台湾地名存在的实际问题,我们的意见是:坚持<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="一个中国">一个中国</a>,反对“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A4%E4%B8%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="两个中国">两个中国</a>”,坚持我国在联合国地名标准化会议的提案,用汉语拼音方案拼写包括台湾在内的中国地名;同时,又要承认现实,方便使用,有利于对台工作。今后我国向外提供罗马字母地名以及出版汉语拼音版地图时,台湾地名可以在汉语拼音方案拼法的后面括注惯用旧拼法,作为过渡。在我对台邮电联系时,台湾地名也可单独使用惯用旧拼法,作为一种变通的过渡办法。”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1982年,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际标准化组织">国际标准化组织</a>发出<b>ISO 7098</b>号文件(中文罗马字母拼写法)采用《汉语拼音方案》进行中文罗马字母拼写,1991年修订。 </p><p>1984年12月25日,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国地名委员会">中国地名委员会</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="中国文字改革委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%B5%8B%E7%BB%98%E5%B1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="国家测绘局">国家测绘局</a>联合发布了《中国地名汉语拼音拼写规则(汉语部分)》。 </p><p>1986年1月23日国务院发布《地名管理条例》,“第八条:中国地名的罗马字母拼写,以国家公布的《汉语拼音方案》作为统一规范。拼写细则,由<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国地名委员会">中国地名委员会</a>制定。” </p><p>1996年1月发布国家标准GB/T 16159-1996《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》,1996年7月实施。 </p><p>2000年10月31日<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B9%9D%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="第九届全国人民代表大会">第九届全国人民代表大会</a>常务委员会第十八次会议通过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法">中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法</a>(2001年1月1日起施行),又一次确立了汉语拼音方案的法律地位。第十八条规定“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="国家通用语言文字">国家通用语言文字</a>以《汉语拼音方案》作为拼写和注音工具。《汉语拼音方案》是中国人名、地名和中文文献罗马字母拼写法的统一规范,并用于汉字不便或不能使用的领域。初等教育应当进行汉语拼音教学。”其中给出了“《汉语拼音方案》”的定义和使用范围,并且要求<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%9D%E7%AD%89%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="初等教育">初等教育</a>的汉语拼音教学。 </p><p>2008年1月25日15时,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国教育部">中华人民共和国教育部</a>举行2008年第1次例行新闻发布会介绍《汉语拼音方案》颁布50周年纪念活动有关内容及汉语拼音推行情况。 </p><p>2011年10月发布国家标准GB/T 28039-2011《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写规则》,2012年2月实施。<sup id="cite_ref-name_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中规定:“姓和名分写,姓在前,名在后,姓名之间用空格分开。”因而中国人姓名用汉语拼音拼写时如果名字在前、姓氏在后,是不符合推荐性国家标准的。 </p><p>2012年6月29日,经<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C%E6%A3%80%E7%96%AB%E6%80%BB%E5%B1%80" title="国家质量监督检验检疫总局">国家质量监督检验检疫总局</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="国家标准化管理委员会">国家标准化管理委员会</a>批准,发布《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》的修订版GB/T 16159-2012,2012年10月1日实施。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-zaobaowang_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaobaowang-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其中对原标准中关于非汉语人名、地名的汉语拼音拼写规则进行了修改。 </p><p>2008年9月16日,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" title="中華民國">中華民國</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E8%8B%B1%E4%B9%9D%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="馬英九政府">馬英九政府</a>)<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="行政院">行政院</a>跨部会议通过提案,放弃此前使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用拼音</a>的政策,改採漢語拼音為譯音標準,並從2009年1月1日起實施。 </p><p>1971年,新加坡引进《汉语拼音方案》,新加坡小学华文第二语文课本同时使用汉语拼音和注音字母注音。1972年,新的中学华文第二语文课本开始仅用汉语拼音注音。1974年,新加坡教育部正式宣布以汉语拼音取代注音字母,逐步实施,直至1979年全面采用汉语拼音。或许因担心学生同时学习英文、汉语拼音可能引发混淆,新加坡教育部决定,自1980年起,小四才开始教汉语拼音,直至小六。1992年,新加坡教育部规定,学校可根据实际情况自行决定自小二下学期或小三开始教汉语拼音。1993年,新加坡教育部决定自小一开始全面实施汉语拼音教学。2015年,新加坡出版小学华文课本《欢乐伙伴》,要求汉语拼音采用“分词连写”。<sup id="cite_ref-zaobaowang_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zaobaowang-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="拼音字母表"><span id=".E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E8.A1.A8"></span>拼音字母表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:拼音字母表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="汉语拼音音节列表">汉语拼音音节列表</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/275px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/413px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg/550px-Table_of_Hanyu_Pinyin_Syllables.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="365" /></a><figcaption>汉语拼音字母表</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="概說"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.AA.AA"></span>概說</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:概說"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-family: sans-serif;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row">字母 </th> <td>Aa</td> <td>Bb</td> <td>Cc</td> <td>Dd</td> <td>Ee</td> <td>Ff</td> <td>Gg</td> <td>Hh</td> <td>Ii</td> <td>Jj</td> <td>Kk</td> <td>Ll</td> <td>Mm</td> <td>Nn</td> <td>Oo</td> <td>Pp</td> <td>Qq</td> <td>Rr</td> <td>Ss</td> <td>Tt</td> <td>Uu</td> <td>Vv</td> <td>Ww</td> <td>Xx</td> <td>Yy</td> <td>Zz </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">名称音 </th> <td><b>a</b></td> <td><b>b</b>ê</td> <td><b>c</b>ê</td> <td><b>d</b>ê</td> <td><b>e</b></td> <td>ê<b>f</b></td> <td><b>g</b>ê</td> <td><b>h</b>a</td> <td>y<b>i</b></td> <td><b>j</b>ie</td> <td><b>k</b>ê</td> <td>ê<b>l</b></td> <td>ê<b>m</b></td> <td><b>n</b>ê</td> <td><b>o</b></td> <td><b>p</b>ê</td> <td><b>q</b>iu</td> <td>a<b>r</b></td> <td>ê<b>s</b></td> <td><b>t</b>ê</td> <td>w<b>u</b></td> <td><b>v</b>ê</td> <td><b>w</b>a</td> <td><b>x</b>i</td> <td><b>y</b>a</td> <td><b>z</b>ê </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">注音 </th> <td><b>ㄚ</b></td> <td><b>ㄅ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄘ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄉ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄜ</b></td> <td>ㄝ<b>ㄈ</b></td> <td><b>ㄍ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄏ</b>ㄚ</td> <td><b>ㄧ</b></td> <td><b>ㄐ</b>ㄧㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄎ</b>ㄝ</td> <td>ㄝ<b>ㄌ</b></td> <td>ㄝ<b>ㄇ</b></td> <td><b>ㄋ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄛ</b></td> <td><b>ㄆ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄑ</b>ㄧㄡ</td> <td>ㄚ<b>ㄦ</b></td> <td>ㄝ<b>ㄙ</b></td> <td><b>ㄊ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄨ</b></td> <td><b>ㄪ</b>ㄝ</td> <td><b>ㄨ</b>ㄚ</td> <td><b>ㄒ</b>ㄧ</td> <td><b>ㄧ</b>ㄚ</td> <td><b>ㄗ</b>ㄝ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>注: </p> <ul><li>字母的读音与英语等使用的拉丁字母不同。</li> <li>字母V(注音ㄪ),只用来拼写外来语、少数民族语言和方言。V一般对应<a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="濁唇齒擦音">濁唇齒擦音</a>。</li> <li>字母的手写体依照拉丁字母的一般书写习惯。</li> <li>专有名词如人名、地名,第一个字母应大写。</li></ul> <p><br /> 汉语拼音采用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>及其組合和一些<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="附加符号">附加符号</a>表示汉语的发音。对应<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="標準漢語音系">汉语音系学</a>(现代<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-disambig" title="音韵学">音韵学</a>)的汉语<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>结构划分,汉语拼音的形式构成也分为<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E6%AF%8D" title="声母">声母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" title="韵母">韵母</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A3%B0%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="声调">声调</a>三部分。 </p><p>根据汉语拼音方案《字母表》的规定,汉语拼音使用26个现代基本拉丁字母,有大小写之分,字母顺序与<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>字母表一致。其中字母<a href="/wiki/V" title="V"><b>V</b>/<b>v</b></a>,在方案中规定为“拼写<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="外来语">外来语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="少数民族">少数民族</a>语言和<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="方言">方言</a>”之用。由于汉语拼音的实际职能仅限于拼写汉语普通话,如今这条规定已然无人问津。不过,字母V/v目前又作为一个键位成为《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" class="extiw" title="s:汉语拼音方案的通用键盘表示规范">汉语拼音方案的通用键盘表示规范</a>》为不能省略两点附加符号的字母<span lang="en"><b>ü</b></span>规定的通用键盘替代表示。 </p><p>汉语拼音方案还使用了一些附加符号,主要是声调符号和字母<span lang="en"><b>ü</b></span>上的两点符号。前者与字母的组合虽然数目有限,但具体和哪个字母形成组合其实都是临时的,因为一个声调符号就表示了整个音节的高低变化,即表示了一种“超音段音位”;后者来源于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>的元音变音字母(<a href="/wiki/Umlaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Umlaut">Umlaut</a>),与字母u的组合固定地表示一个元音(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y]</span>),<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%8E%9B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="威妥玛拼音">威妥玛拼音</a>也有此用法。汉语拼音方案还规定了<a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%9A%E6%8A%91%E7%AC%A6" title="揚抑符">扬抑符</a>的使用,用在<span lang="la">e/z/c/s</span>之上,形成<span lang="la"><b>ê</b>/<b>ẑ</b>/<b>ĉ</b>/<b>ŝ</b></span>,依次表示一个单元音韵母(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span>)和三个卷舌塞擦音声母<span lang="la">zh/ch/sh</span>,这样的用法罕见于日常。 </p><p>字母名称的发音设定是为了方便诵读和称呼、按字母表顺序记忆所有字母。现代中文字典及各类中文词典多数按照拼音字母表的顺序排列,在知道发音的前提下,可按字母顺序直接翻到所查字或词条,如同在英文词典中查找单词一样。实际上现在汉语拼音教学基本不使用名称音,直接按对应的读音称呼字母。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声母"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E6.AF.8D"></span>声母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:声母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语中每个音节起始处的<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3" title="辅音">辅音</a>可以构成声母。汉语拼音方案《声母表》规定的声母符号一共有21个(不含w、y),按照原顺序排列如下: </p> <table style="text-align: center; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="border-bottom: 1px solid"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px">字母</td> <td width="50px"><b>b</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>p</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>m</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>f</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>d</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>t</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>n</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>l</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>发音</td> <td><b>ㄅ</b> 玻</td> <td><b>ㄆ</b> 坡</td> <td><b>ㄇ</b> 摸</td> <td><b>ㄈ</b> 佛</td> <td><b>ㄉ</b> 得</td> <td><b>ㄊ</b> 特</td> <td><b>ㄋ</b> 讷</td> <td><b>ㄌ</b> 勒 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="border-bottom: 1px solid"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px">字母</td> <td width="50px"><b>g</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>k</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>h</b></td> <td width="50px"></td> <td width="50px"><b>j</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>q</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>x</b></td> <td width="50px"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>发音</td> <td><b>ㄍ</b> 哥</td> <td><b>ㄎ</b> 科</td> <td><b>ㄏ</b> 喝</td> <td></td> <td><b>ㄐ</b> 基</td> <td><b>ㄑ</b> 欺</td> <td><b>ㄒ</b> 希</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px">字母</td> <td width="50px"><b>zh</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>ch</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>sh</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>r</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>z</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>c</b></td> <td width="50px"><b>s</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>发音</td> <td><b>ㄓ</b> 知</td> <td><b>ㄔ</b> 蚩</td> <td><b>ㄕ</b> 诗</td> <td><b>ㄖ</b> 日</td> <td><b>ㄗ</b> 资</td> <td><b>ㄘ</b> 雌</td> <td><b>ㄙ</b> 思 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>方案规定,在给汉字注音的时候,为了使拼式简短,<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58929728">.mw-parser-output .sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Lato,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}</style><span class="sans-serif">zh</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ch</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">sh</span>可以省作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ẑ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ĉ</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ŝ</span>,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ng</span>可以省作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif">ŋ</span>,然而这几个符号并不常用。 </p><p>由<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="注音符号">注音符号</a>演变而来的传统汉语拼音声母排序如下 </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #cfc;"><big>b  p  m  f </big> </td> <td style="background: #ccf;"><big> d  t  n  l </big> </td> <td style="background: #fcc;"><big> g  k h </big> </td> <td style="background: #fcf;"><big> j  q  x </big> </td> <td style="background: #ffc;"><big> zh  ch  sh  r </big> </td> <td style="background: #cff;"><big> z  c  s</big> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>按照声母所对应辅音的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="发音部位">发音部位</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="发音方法">发音方法</a>分布,列表如下(方括号中是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际音标">国际音标</a>,下排為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>): </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="雙唇音">雙唇音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E9%9F%B3" title="唇齒音">唇齒音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦音">齒齦音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%98%E8%88%8C%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="翘舌音">翘舌音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齦顎音">齦顎音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="軟顎音">軟顎音</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="塞音">塞音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="不送氣">不送气</a> </th> <td style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音"><big><b>b</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[p]</span></a> <p>ㄅ p </p> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音"><big><b>d</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[t]</span></a> <p>ㄉ t </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清軟腭塞音"><big><b>g</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[k]</span></a> <p>ㄍ k </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">送气</a> </th> <td style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清雙唇塞音"><big><b>p</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[pʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄆ p' </p> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞音"><big><b>t</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄊ t' </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清軟顎塞音"><big><b>k</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄎ k' </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">濁音</a> </th> <td style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E5%94%87%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="雙唇鼻音"><big><b>m</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[m]</span></a> <p>ㄇ m </p> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3" title="齒齦鼻音"><big><b>n</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[n]</span></a> <p>ㄋ n </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="塞擦音">塞擦音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E9%80%81%E6%B0%A3" title="不送氣">不送气</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音"><big><b>z</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ts]</span></a> <p>ㄗ ts </p> </td> <td style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞擦音"><big><b>zh</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʈʂ]</span></a> <p>ㄓ ch </p> </td> <td style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齦腭塞擦音"><big><b>j</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tɕ]</span></a> <p>ㄐ chi </p> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%81%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="送气">送气</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦塞擦音"><big><b>c</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tsʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄘ ts' </p> </td> <td style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌塞擦音"><big><b>ch</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʈʂʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄔ ch' </p> </td> <td style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%8E%E5%A1%9E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清齦顎塞擦音"><big><b>q</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tɕʰ]</span></a> <p>ㄑ ch'i </p> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="擦音">擦音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">清音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td style="background: #cfc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E5%94%87%E9%BD%92%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清唇齒擦音"><big><b>f</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[f]</span></a> <p>ㄈ f </p> </td> <td style="background: #cff;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清齒齦擦音"><big><b>s</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[s]</span></a> <p>ㄙ s </p> </td> <td style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清捲舌擦音"><big><b>sh</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʂ]</span></a> <p>ㄕ sh </p> </td> <td style="background: #fcf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%BD%A6%E9%A1%8E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清齦顎擦音"><big><b>x</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span></a> <p>ㄒ hs </p> </td> <td style="background: #fcc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%BB%9F%E9%A1%8E%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="清軟顎擦音"><big><b>h</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[x]</span></a> <p>ㄏ h </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="近音">近音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">濁音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ffc;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B2%E8%88%8C%E8%BF%91%E9%9F%B3" title="捲舌近音"><b>r</b> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɻ]</span></a> <p>ㄖ j </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="邊音">邊音</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%BF%81%E9%9F%B3" title="清濁音">濁音</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #ccf;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%92%E9%BD%A6%E9%82%8A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="齒齦邊音"><big><b>l</b></big> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[l]</span></a> <p>ㄌ l </p> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>注:ng在普通话中用於韵母,在某些方言以及<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9B%BD%E9%9F%B3" title="老国音">老國音</a>中则可作声母。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="韵母"><span id=".E9.9F.B5.E6.AF.8D"></span>韵母</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:韵母"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语拼音中一共有38个韵母,見下表<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Lato, 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-align: center; width: 60%;"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="開口呼">開口呼</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E9%BD%92%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="齊齒呼">齊齒呼</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="合口呼">合口呼</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AE%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="撮口呼">撮口呼</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="background-color: #e6e6fa;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="单元音韵母">單<br />元<br />音<br />韻<br />母</a> </th> <td width="23%">-i <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɿ]、[ʅ]</span><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BA%E9%9F%BB" title="空韻">ㄭ</a> 时 </td> <td width="23%">i <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i]</span> / yi <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ji]</span><br />丨 衣 </td> <td width="23%">u <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u]</span> / wu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wu]</span><br />ㄨ 乌 </td> <td width="23%">ü <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y]</span> / yu <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɥy]</span><br />ㄩ 迂 </td></tr> <tr> <td>a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ä]</span><br />ㄚ 啊 </td> <td>ia <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ä]</span> / ya <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jä]</span><br />丨ㄚ 呀 </td> <td>ua <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯ä]</span> / wa <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wä]</span><br />ㄨㄚ 蛙 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>o <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɔ]</span><br />ㄛ 喔<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>uo <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯o]</span> / wo <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wo]</span><br />ㄨㄛ 窝 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɤ]</span><br />ㄜ 鹅 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ê <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɛ]</span><br />ㄝ 诶 </td> <td>ie <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ɛ]</span> / ye <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jɛ]</span><br />丨ㄝ 耶 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>üe <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y̯ɛ]</span> / yue <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɥɛ]</span><br />ㄩㄝ 约 </td></tr> <tr> <td>er <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɐɚ̯]</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br />ㄦ 儿 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="4" style="background-color: #e6e6fa;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8D%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="复元音韵母">複<br />元<br />音<br />韻<br />母</a> </th> <td>ai <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[aɪ̯]</span><br />ㄞ 哀 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>uai <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯aɪ̯]</span> / wai <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[waɪ̯]</span><br />ㄨㄞ 歪 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ei <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[eɪ̯]</span><br />ㄟ 诶 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>uei(ui) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯eɪ̯]</span> / wei <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[weɪ̯]</span><br />ㄨㄟ 威 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ao<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɑʊ̯]</span><br />ㄠ 熬 </td> <td>iao <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ɑʊ̯]</span> / yao <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jɑʊ̯]</span><br />丨ㄠ 腰 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ou <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[oʊ̯]</span><br />ㄡ 欧 </td> <td>iou(iu) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯oʊ̯]</span> / you <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[joʊ̯]</span><br />丨ㄡ 优 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6" style="background-color: #e6e6fa;">帶<br />鼻<br />音<br />韻<br />母 </th> <td>an <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[an]</span><br />ㄢ 安 </td> <td>ian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ɛn]</span> / yan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jɛn]</span><br />丨ㄢ 烟 </td> <td>uan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯an]</span> / wan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wan]</span><br />ㄨㄢ 弯 </td> <td>üan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y̯ɛn]</span> / yuan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɥɛn]</span><br />ㄩㄢ 冤 </td></tr> <tr> <td>en <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ən]</span><br />ㄣ 恩 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>uen(un) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯ən]</span> / wen <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wən]</span><br />ㄨㄣ 温 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[in]</span> / yin <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jin]</span><br />丨ㄣ 因 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td>ün <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[yn]</span> / yun <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɥyn]</span><br />ㄩㄣ 晕 </td></tr> <tr> <td>ang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɑŋ]</span><br />ㄤ 昂 </td> <td>iang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ɑŋ]</span> / yang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jɑŋ]</span><br />丨ㄤ 央 </td> <td>uang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯ɑŋ]</span> / wang <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wɑŋ]</span><br />ㄨㄤ 汪 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>eng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɤŋ]</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><br />ㄥ 亨的韵母 </td> <td>ing <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[iŋ]</span> / ying <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[jiŋ]</span><br />丨ㄥ 英 </td> <td>ueng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯əŋ]</span> / weng <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[wəŋ]</span><br />ㄨㄥ 翁 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʊŋ]</span><br />ㄨㄥ 轰的韵母 </td> <td>iong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯ʊŋ]</span> / yong <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[yʊŋ]</span><br />ㄩㄥ 雍 </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small><b>注释:</b> </small></p><small><ol><li>“知、蚩、诗、日、资、雌、思”等七个音节的韵母用 i,即:知、蚩、诗、日、资、雌、思等字拼作 zhi, chi, shi, ri, zi, ci, si。</li> <li>韵母ㄦ写成 er,用作韵尾的时候写成 r。例如:“儿童”拼作 ertong,“花儿”拼作 huar。</li> <li>韵母ㄝ单独使用的时候写成ê。</li> <li>i 列的韵母,前面没有声母的时候,写成 yi(衣)、ya(呀)、ye(耶)、yao(腰)、you(优)、yan(烟)、yin(因)、yang(央)、ying(英)、yong(雍)。</li> <li>u 列的韵母,前面没有声母的时候,写成 wu(乌)、wa(蛙)、wo(窝)、wai(歪)、wei(威)、wan(弯)、wen(温)、wang(汪)、weng(翁)。</li> <li>ü 列的韵母,前面没有声母的时候,写成 yu(迂)、yue(约)、yuan(冤)、yun(晕);ü 上两点省略。</li> <li>ü 列的韵母跟声母 j、q、x 拼的时候,写成 ju(居)、qu(区)、xu(虚),ü上两点省略;但是跟声母 l、n 拼的时候,仍然写成 lü(吕)、nü(女)。</li> <li>iou、uei、uen 前面加声母的时候,写成 iu、ui、un,例如 niu(牛)、gui(归)、lun(论)。</li> <li>在给汉字注音的时候,为了使拼式简短<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,ng 可以省作 ŋ,zh、sh、ch 可省作 ẑ、ŝ、ĉ。</li> <li>ㄨㄥ有兩種寫法:ㄨㄥ若之前沒有加其他聲母時,單純的發為「ㄨ+ㄥ」(/wəŋ/),此時拼音寫成ueng。若前方有聲母,則會發為「ㄨ+ㄫ」(/ʊŋ/),此時拼音寫成-ong(而非-ueng)。</li></ol></small><small></small><p><small></small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="韵母的分类"><span id=".E9.9F.B5.E6.AF.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.88.86.E7.B1.BB"></span>韵母的分类</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:韵母的分类"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>按照韵母的结构和发音特点,普通话韵母可作不同的分类。 </p> <ul><li>按韵母的结构分类:普通话韵母按结构可分为单韵母、复韵母和鼻韵母三类。</li> <li>按韵母的口形分类:韵母可根据韵头分为四类,称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%91%BC" title="四呼">四呼</a>,即<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="開口呼">開口呼</a>(a、o、e、ê)、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E9%BD%92%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="齊齒呼">齊齒呼</a>(i)、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="合口呼">合口呼</a>(u)和<a href="/wiki/%E6%92%AE%E5%8F%A3%E5%91%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="撮口呼">撮口呼</a>(ü)。汉语拼音的韵母表就是按此排列的<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="韻頭、韻腹、韻尾"><span id=".E9.9F.BB.E9.A0.AD.E3.80.81.E9.9F.BB.E8.85.B9.E3.80.81.E9.9F.BB.E5.B0.BE"></span>韻頭、韻腹、韻尾</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:韻頭、韻腹、韻尾"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>复韵母由韻頭、韻腹、韻尾組成: </p> <ul><li>韵母只有一个元音(如a),或者一个元音带一个鼻辅音(如an)的话,该元音称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E8%85%B9" title="韵腹">韵腹</a>,所带的鼻辅音称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a>。</li> <li>韵母若由两个元音构成(如ao、ie),开口度较大的元音为韵腹,余下的元音若在韵腹前则称为<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%BB%E9%A0%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="韻頭">韵头</a>(又称<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="介音">介音</a>),若在韵腹后则称为韵尾。</li> <li>韵母有三个元音(如iou),或者两个元音带一个鼻辅音(如ueng)的话,则中间的元音是韵腹,第一个元音是韵头,韵腹后的元音或鼻辅音为韵尾。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="bo、po、mo、fo_的發音"><span id="bo.E3.80.81po.E3.80.81mo.E3.80.81fo_.E7.9A.84.E7.99.BC.E9.9F.B3"></span>bo、po、mo、fo 的發音</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:bo、po、mo、fo 的發音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>唇音聲母b、p、m、f沒有<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%90%88#唇音字的开合" title="开合">開合</a>的對立,與<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%85%83%E9%9F%B3" title="後元音">後元音</a>o相拼時,受其為圓唇元音的影響 ,於聲母後產生合口介音u。因此,bo、po、mo、fo的實際發音為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/pu̯o/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/pʰu̯o/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/mu̯o/</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/fu̯o/</span>,可視作buo、puo、muo、fuo之省略,注音符號的拼寫亦有相同情形。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="書寫規則"><span id=".E6.9B.B8.E5.AF.AB.E8.A6.8F.E5.89.87"></span>書寫規則</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:書寫規則"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="字型"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E5.9E.8B"></span>字型</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:字型"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语拼音方案公布时,小写字母a和g采用了单层<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>写法“ɑ”和“ɡ”,而字母“y”则使用三角形<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%80%80" title="字怀">字怀</a>的写法。这些印刷上的习惯一直沿用,影响到了学习者的书写,在中國大陸初等教育體系中若寫爲其他字體形式有時会有被判錯的情形。《汉语拼音方案》本身并没有规定用哪种字体——方案规定:“字母的手写体依照拉丁字母的一般书写习惯”。<sup id="cite_ref-w3c-clreq_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3c-clreq-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>中国大陆正规的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6" title="语言学">语言学</a>专著、语文教材和<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%95%99%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="对外汉语教学">对外汉语教学</a>出版物多采取这样的字形。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%AD%A3%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="方正集团">方正</a>出品的中文字库也大多采用这一设计,从而出现西文字符设计不统一的现象。这一举措的初衷是由于担心初学拼音字母的学童在书写中去机械模仿常见印刷体<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58896141">.mw-parser-output .serif{font-family:Times,serif}</style><span class="serif">a</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58896141"><span class="serif">g</span>的字形。但是现代的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="字符编码">字符编码</a>与文字排印技术下,很多人并不能很好地处理这一问题,关于汉语拼音字形的不必要争论也仍在继续。<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="声调"><span id=".E5.A3.B0.E8.B0.83"></span>声调</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:声调"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg/150px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg/225px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg/300px-Pinyin_Tone_Chart-zh-hans.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>普通话四声调值用曲线法表示</figcaption></figure> <p>现代汉语普通话中有四个声调以及轻声,其声调符号借鉴了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="五度标记法">五度标记法</a><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><b>第一声</b>(<b>阴平</b>,或<b>平调</b>,<a href="/wiki/%C2%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="¯">¯</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"><span class="Unicode">ā (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ̄</span>) ē ī ō ū ǖ Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ǖ</span></span></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>第二声</b>(<b>阳平</b>,或<b>升调</b>,<a href="/wiki/%CB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ˊ">ˊ</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"><span class="Unicode">á (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ́</span>) é í ó ú ǘ Á É Í Ó Ú Ǘ</span></span></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>第三声</b>(<b>上声</b>,或<b>上音</b>,<a href="/wiki/%CB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ˇ">ˇ</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"><span class="Unicode">ǎ (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ̌</span>) ě ǐ ǒ ǔ ǚ Ǎ Ě Ǐ Ǒ Ǔ Ǚ</span></span></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>第四声</b>(<b>去声</b>,或<b>去音</b>,<a href="/wiki/%CB%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ˋ">ˋ</a>):</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"><span class="Unicode">à (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ̀</span>) è ì ò ù ǜ À È Ì Ò Ù Ǜ</span></span></span></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>轻声</b>,不标符号:</li></ul> <dl><dd><span style="font-size: 20pt;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r58929728"><span class="sans-serif"><span class="Unicode">a (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ</span>) e i o u ü A E I O U Ü</span></span></span></dd></dl> <p>阳平符号从左下写起(提),去声符号从左上写起。 </p><p>每个<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="汉字">汉字</a>由韵母和声母配合构成一个音节构成。在韵母上部应该标出声调,为了方便也可省略。 </p><p>汉语拼音中标声调位置的規則如下: </p> <ol><li>標在最前面的a、o或e,例如舞蹈(dǎo)。</li> <li>如果没有a、o或e,則標在最後面的i、u或ü,例如長久(jiǔ)、配對(duì)。</li></ol> <p>另外一種規則如下: </p> <ol><li>依照a、eo、iuü的順序標記在最先出現的字母上,但若有iu或ui組合,則標在後面的i或u(也就是說,有iu組合時標記在u上,有ui組合時標記在i上)。</li></ol> <p>声调一律标原调,不标<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E8%B0%83" class="mw-redirect" title="变调">变调</a>。但是在语音教学时可以根据需要按变调标写。 </p><p>和注音聲調的區別是,漢語拼音第一聲必須標「<a href="/wiki/%C2%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="¯">¯</a>」,而不能像注音那樣常常省略聲調。在漢語拼音中不標註聲調表示是輕聲,而並非第一聲。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鼻音"><span id=".E9.BC.BB.E9.9F.B3"></span>鼻音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:鼻音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>音調符號可以直接標在 m 與 n 之上表示<a href="/wiki/%E9%BC%BB%E9%9F%B3_(%E8%BE%85%E9%9F%B3)" title="鼻音 (辅音)">鼻音</a>,例如 <a href="/wiki/%E1%B8%BE" title="Ḿ">ḿ</a>、<span class="Unicode">m̀</span><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>、<a href="/wiki/%C5%83" title="Ń">ń</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C5%87" title="Ň">ň</a>、<a href="/wiki/%C7%B8" title="Ǹ">ǹ</a> 用來拼寫「呒」、「呣」、「唔」、「嗯」等字的讀音<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="轻声"><span id=".E8.BD.BB.E5.A3.B0"></span>轻声</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:轻声"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>轻声在汉语拼音中不标调,如:你们(nǐmen)。而某些辞书上是通过在音节前加点的方式来表示轻声,如:你们(nǐ·men)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="儿化"><span id=".E5.84.BF.E5.8C.96"></span>儿化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:儿化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>发音为单韵母“er”(注音符号:ㄦ)的字(如:儿、尔、耳<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)做<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B5%E5%B0%BE" title="韵尾">韵尾</a>时的音变为r<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 读处于词尾的“儿”字时,只保留卷舌的动作,与前一个音节融合成一个音节。在拼音中写作r。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="隔音符号"><span id=".E9.9A.94.E9.9F.B3.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>隔音符号</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:隔音符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>a、o、e 开头的音节连接在其他音节后面的时候要使用<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%94%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="隔音符号">隔音符号</a>(')。其中《方案》(1958)只要求在音节的界限发生混淆时使用: </p> <ul><li><span lang="la">kù'ài</span>(酷爱)</li> <li><span lang="la">Xī'ān</span>(西安)</li> <li><span lang="la">Cháng'é</span>(嫦娥)</li></ul> <p>但《方案》诸作者之前(林曦 1955)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、之后(周有光 1961)的文献都认为,在不混淆的情况下也应该使用隔音符号: </p> <ul><li><span lang="la">bēi'āi</span>(悲哀)</li> <li><span lang="la">jiāo'ào</span>(骄傲)</li> <li><span lang="la">dōng'ān</span>(东安)</li></ul> <p>在《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼写规则(汉语地名部分)》(1984)中,也表述为“凡以a、o、e开头的非第一音节,在a、o、e前用隔音符号隔开”<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><span lang="la">Xī'ān</span>(西安)</li> <li><span lang="la">Jiàn'ōu</span>(建瓯)</li> <li><span lang="la">Tiān'é</span>(天峨)</li></ul> <p>2012年的《正字法》第6.1.12.1节也在没有发生混淆的情况下使用了隔音符号:<span lang="la">zǒng'éryánzhī</span> (总而言之)。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="正词法"><span id=".E6.AD.A3.E8.AF.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>正词法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:正词法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_English plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin" class="extiw" title="en:Pinyin">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题,请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译,也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>,译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>,或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>汉语拼音的正词法由《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》(GB/T 16159-2012)给出。<sup id="cite_ref-ortho_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>汉语拼音正词法的基本原则和英语相似。词语之间用空格分开,每句话开头要大写,专有名词也要大写。<sup id="cite_ref-ortho_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>原则上汉语拼音以词为基本单位进行拼写(例如:幼儿→<span lang="zh-latn">yòu'ér</span>)。对于组合而成、表明整体概念的词,分两种情况:音节不超过三个的连写(例如:维基娘→<span lang="zh-latn">Wéijīniáng</span>),不然应尽量分词写出:维基百科可以拆为<span lang="zh-latn">Wéijī Bǎikē</span>,但例如“中华民国”这作为一个整体的词不可分割,写作<span lang="zh-latn">Zhōnghuámínguó</span>。<sup id="cite_ref-ortho_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(§5)</sup> </p><p>汉语拼音正词法也指定了一套分词规则:<sup id="cite_ref-ortho_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(§6)</sup> </p> <ol><li>名词和后面的方位词分写,但成词者不拆开:<sup id="cite_ref-ortho_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(§6.1.1)</sup> <ul><li>网络上→<span lang="zh-latn">wǎngluò shàng</span></li> <li>网上邻居→<span lang="zh-latn">wǎngshàng línjū</span></li></ul></li> <li>动词和动态助词“着”、“了”、“过”连写。<sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(§6.1.2.1)</sup>句末的“了”属语气助词,不连。<sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(§6.1.2.2)</sup> <ul><li>破坏了→<span lang="zh-latn">pòhuàile</span></li> <li>这锅子我背了→<span lang="zh-latn">Zhè guōzi wǒ bēi le.</span></li></ul></li></ol> <p>汉语拼音的首字母缩写、大小写、换行、标点使用和英语的相关规则相似: </p> <ul><li>首字母缩写 <ul><li>单个词者,取每个音节的首字母。维基→<span lang="zh-latn">Wéijī</span>→<span lang="zh-latn">WJ</span></li> <li>多个词者,取每个单词的首字母。新华字典→<span lang="zh-latn">Xīnhuá Zìdiǎn</span>→<span lang="zh-latn">XZ</span></li> <li>缩写后可带句号空格。<span lang="zh-latn">W. J. </span>, <span lang="zh-latn">X. Z.</span></li> <li>人名缩写时保留姓氏。诸葛孔明→<span lang="zh-latn">Zhūgě Kǒngmíng</span>→<span lang="zh-latn">Zhūgě K. M.</span>。</li></ul></li> <li>大小写 <ul><li>每句话的第一句要大写。<span lang="zh-latn">Měi jù huà de dì-yī jù yào dàxiě.</span></li> <li>专有名词,如“维基百科”,在每个词的首字母大写,或者全部大写。<span lang="zh-latn">Wéijī Bǎikē, WÉIJĪ BǍIKĒ.</span></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="字母词读音"><span id=".E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E8.AF.8D.E8.AF.BB.E9.9F.B3"></span>字母词读音</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:字母词读音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>对于有汉语拼音首字母缩略而成的字母词或代号,在实际运用中的读音一般没有统一规定的标准,可以选用以下的三种读法常见读法: </p> <ol><li>读如原汉字读音</li> <li>读如英文字母发音</li> <li>读如汉语拼音字母读音,比较少见</li></ol><p> 但部分情况下,存在规范读法。中国大陆旅客列车车次的读法就是其中一例:</p><blockquote><p>按规定,车次中的字母应读作按照其所代表的汉字的读音来读,如“K388次”应读作“快三百八十八次”,“L4000次”读作“临四〇〇〇次”,“G7001次”读作“高七〇〇一次”等。</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="j、q、x等字母的来源"><span id="j.E3.80.81q.E3.80.81x.E7.AD.89.E5.AD.97.E6.AF.8D.E7.9A.84.E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>j、q、x等字母的来源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:j、q、x等字母的来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此段落<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充参考资料、添加<a href="/wiki/Template:Original_research_inline" title="Template:Original research inline">相关内联标签</a>和删除原创研究内容以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>。详细情况请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Talk:汉语拼音">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>拼音中<i>j、q、x</i>的讀法跟大多數<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E6%AC%A7%E8%AF%AD%E7%B3%BB" title="印欧语系">印欧语系</a>语的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="字母">字母</a>讀法有所不同,使得没有学习过漢語拼音的人大都無法正確發音。至於为何採上述三個字母,<b>原因一半為了易於輸入,一半為了一致性。</b> </p><p>在汉语和英语键盘上輸入<b><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></b>以外的字母(即A-Z以外的所有字母,即<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="英文字母">英文字母</a>)困难性較高,故拼音的一個設計原則是尽量避免使用带副标(<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%98%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="变音符号">变音符号</a></b>)的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">罗马字母</a>(如:<i>á à ã ä â</i>),這也是<i>ü</i>可以用<i>u</i>、<i>v</i>或<i>yu</i>代替的原因(某些情况下必须写<i>u</i>)。既然拼音只可以使用A-Z,则其他<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%8D" title="音位">音位</a>編排了「<i>b, p, m, f</i>」後餘下的字母只有<i>j、q、x</i>。雖然可以採用复合字母<i>ch</i>, <i>sh</i>代表<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[tɕʰ]</span>和<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span>,但這會導致兩個問題:一、<i>j ch sh</i> 是一組,但j用一個字母而ch sh兩個字母導致拼音方案不整齊;二、到了<i>zh ch sh</i>的時候會導致衝突。 </p><p>另外,漢語拼音中同一字母的<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%95%B0%E9%9F%B3" title="同位異音">同位异音</a></b>其實根本就不少,在教學中也沒出現多少問題。 </p> <ul><li>j的发音与英语的j的发音较为接近,所以用j表示。</li> <li>q在绝大多数语言中发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[k]</span>,与汉语发音不同。采用q的原因在于,读q的團音字古代读<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[k]</span>或<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰ]</span>,这种现象在一些南方汉语中还有保留,例如闽南语中“气”,念做<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[kʰi˦˩]</span>,“棋”念做<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ki˨˦]</span>。另外在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%AD" title="阿尔巴尼亚语">阿尔巴尼亚语</a>裡q的发音近似汉语拼音q。</li> <li>普通話的聲母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[x]</span>在漢語拼音中用字母h表示,比如“航”<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[xaŋ]</span>拼音寫作hang。聲母為漢語拼音x的團音字古代读<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[x]</span>,这种现象在一些南方汉语里还有保留,如闽南语等南方語言里,“下”念做<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[xa]</span>。另外,普通話的聲母<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span>在汉语拼音中用字母x表示,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B0%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="拉丁化新文字">拉丁化新文字</a>中xi表示,而<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="巴斯克语">巴斯克语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%A1%E8%90%84%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="葡萄牙语">葡萄牙语</a>中,x发音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ʃ]</span>,较为接近<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,现代<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="越南语字母">越南语字母</a>中的x表示今音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[s]</span>,古音为<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɕ]</span>的声母。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="功能"><span id=".E5.8A.9F.E8.83.BD"></span>功能</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:功能"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>汉语拼音对普及识字以及初等教育起了很大的作用。同时它也为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E6%BA%90%E5%AD%A6" title="语源学">语源学</a>汉语与其他<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="语言">语言</a>的比较提供了一个非常重要的工具。此套拼音更规范于<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D" title="普通话">普通话</a>的发音,系统地体现了普通話发音的规则。 </p><p>随着<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="電腦">電腦</a>的普及,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" title="汉语拼音输入法">汉语拼音输入法</a>也是一种常用的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" title="中文输入法">中文输入法</a>。 </p><p>由于汉语拼音是一种只书写读音的体系,无法取代汉字。用汉语拼音拼写汉字的文章很难懂,因此,它不是一种正式的书写方式,而是汉语的一种辅助工具。汉语拼音是汉语罗马化的统一规范,用于汉字不方便或者无法使用的领域。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="汉语拼音化"><span id=".E6.B1.89.E8.AF.AD.E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E5.8C.96"></span>汉语拼音化</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:汉语拼音化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9" title="汉字改革">汉字改革</a></div> <p>由于汉字复杂,学习需時,并且不如英文输入计算机般直接,热衷汉语文字改革的爱好者为了发展出<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁化">拉丁化</a>的汉语拼音文字,正在汉语拼音方案的基础上研究分词连写和分化定型同音词等问题。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="中国语文现代化学会">中国语文现代化学会</a>为在中国大陆实现所谓“一语双文”而进行了一些研究。 </p><p>自从1986年初废除<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%AD%97" title="二简字">第二批简化字</a>以来,中华人民共和国政府采用了以维持现状,追求语言文字使用的连续性和稳定性为主的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="語言政策">语言文字政策</a>,放弃了“<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" title="汉字拉丁化">汉字拉丁化</a>”的计划。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="拼音排检法"><span id=".E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E6.8E.92.E6.A3.80.E6.B3.95"></span>拼音排检法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:拼音排检法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%92%E6%AA%A2%E6%B3%95" title="拼音排檢法">拼音排检法</a></div> <p>拼音排檢法根據《漢語拼音方案》所採用的「Aa,Bb,Cc,...,Zz」基本拉丁字母表的順序來排列漢語的單字和詞語,屬於國際通用的字母順序(alphabetical order)排檢法。 《新華字典》、《現代漢語詞典》和《牛津英漢-漢英詞典》(Oxford Chinese Dictionary)等許多現代辭書正文都採用漢語拼音排檢法。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="问题"><span id=".E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>问题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="讀音"><span id=".E8.AE.80.E9.9F.B3"></span>讀音</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:讀音"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>q、x所表示的音与大多数语言的读音相差极大,非母語者容易误读。例如,英语q通常作<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/k/</span>音,x通常用来表示词中的<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ks/</span>音,在极少数以x开头的词汇读<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/z/</span>。虽然q、x所表示的音从历史语言学的角度而言有一定道理(见上面“j、q、x的来源”一节),但对于不了解汉语的人而言,是很难懂的。</li> <li>由於以浊音字母(b、d、g)表示不送气清音,导致在學習有<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8A%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="浊音">浊音</a>的語言如<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%BD%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%AD" title="闽南语">闽南语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD" title="吴语">吴语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="日語">日語</a>等時,教学中遇到不少困难,不少人受漢語拼音影響而无法正确发出浊音。 <ul><li>尤其是考虑到汉语拼音采用拉丁字母,这样,汉语拼音用浊音字母表示不送气清音的习惯,会对其他采用拉丁字母的语言的学习造成严重的负迁移现象。</li> <li>例如,受到汉语拼音影响的<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD" title="英语">英语</a>学习者,常将英文的[b]音误解为汉语拼音中以b表示的不送气清音[p]。相同的现象见于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E8%AF%AD" title="德语">德语</a>等語言。至于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%AF%AD" title="法语">法语</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%8F%AD%E7%89%99%E8%AF%AD" title="西班牙语">西班牙语</a>等缺少送气清爆破音的语言,受到汉语拼音影响的初学者更是对于p/b、k/g、t/d的对立无所适从,因为对这一人群而言,这两组音的听感是近似的,且都应该用汉语拼音字母b、g、d表达。</li></ul></li> <li>由於拼音尽量减省字母尽量达成能够只用一个字母分别表示声母、韵母、介音的效果,同一拼音字母出现在不同位置或不同的组合可能出现不同的发音,学习者发音时须将减省的发音还原而并非直觉的一字对一音<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>,如“哥”和“给”中的e音素不同;j、q、x后的ü省去两点与介音“-u-”有两个音值而只用一个字母标不同;i有两个音值“即”和“至”,均用i标导致很多非官话语言区的中年人读不准;-ian、-üan(注意:-üan前接声母时省去两点,简写为-uan)中的a并不读<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>而是<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>,不少非官话语言区的中年人会将“远”读成/jwan/,增加了学习者的困难。<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="電腦處理"><span id=".E9.9B.BB.E8.85.A6.E8.99.95.E7.90.86"></span>電腦處理</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:電腦處理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a> 这一字母不便于用常用的美式鍵盤作电脑输入,主流的汉语拼音输入法中都以v代替输入。英语中没有这一字母,因此,带有这一字母的汉语人名、地名转写为英语时,有时只好将两点省去,写为u,引起混淆,例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E5%A8%B2" title="女娲">女娲</a>被转写为Nuwa;或直接跟随输入法使用“v”代替,多见于名称中含“绿”字的中国内地地铁车站,英文站名均被转写为“Lv”。中華人民共和國自發行電子護照以來,對人名中的「ü」都轉寫成「yu」,如<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E5%A7%93" class="mw-redirect" title="呂姓">呂姓</a>一律作「Lyu」<sup id="cite_ref-name_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-name-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。2011年10月发布国家标准GB/T 28039-2011《中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写规则》明文规定:“根据技术处理的特殊需要,必要的场合(如公民护照、对外文件和书刊等),大写字母Ü可以用YU代替。例如: Lǚ Hépíng 拼写为: LYU HEPING 吕和平”。另外一個類似的問題是字母ê,但該問題的嚴重性比<a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a>要小得多,因為大部分ê在拼音中皆已省略為e而不造成混淆,比如ye,yue等的e其實都是ê(ㄝ)而並非e(ㄜ)。可以這樣省略的原因是普通話中並無yi+e(丨ㄜ),yu+e(ㄩㄜ)這樣的音節。而唯一可能出現混淆的是單獨出現ê的情況,因為普通話中同時存在ê(ㄝ)和e(ㄜ)這兩個音,實際上單獨的ê常常會改拼為ei,而ê常常完全不使用,比如絕大部分拼音輸入法無法輸入ê,若想輸入「誒」和「欸」等ê(ㄝ)讀音的漢字,則只能輸成「ei」。很多教材也不教該字母,aoe後面直接是iuü,而將ê完全無視。</li> <li>沒有統一的軟件實施方案 <ul><li>汉语拼音用声调附标的方式表示声调,需要使用专门的方式输入,比如<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fuhaoku.net/tool/pinyin.html">符号库</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20231204135501/https://www.fuhaoku.net/tool/pinyin.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)。</li> <li>因上一點,大多输入是用<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B3%E7%AD%96%E6%A0%91" title="决策树">决策树</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>來估計常見字、詞。</li> <li>汉语拼音方案的原文使用了手写体的单层 a、g,不少书籍排版时试图与其保持一致。不过国家标准对于这两个字母的形状没有特别规定,且教育部也推荐按照普通拉丁字母样式书写。<sup id="cite_ref-w3c-clreq_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-w3c-clreq-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">(3.3.4.1:8,9)</sup>方案本身也称:“字母的手写体依照拉丁字母的一般书写习惯。”</li> <li>有些軟件無法<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B4%E5%AF%AB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="直寫">直寫</a>,垂直排版時必須旋轉90度。</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="对其他语言拼音的影响"><span id=".E5.AF.B9.E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80.E6.8B.BC.E9.9F.B3.E7.9A.84.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>对其他语言拼音的影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:对其他语言拼音的影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>中国的少数民族语言(包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语拼音">藏语拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%87" title="新维文">新维文</a>)、汉语方言的新创文字都受到汉语拼音的影响。 </p> <ul><li>送气清音和不送气清音写作p、t、k和b、d、g,如:<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语拼音">藏语拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南方言拼音方案">闽南方言拼音方案</a>等。</li> <li>汉语普通话中无浊塞音,因此遇到有浊塞音的语言,浊塞音要用双写字母,写成bb、dd、gg,如:<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="藏语拼音">藏语拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="閩南方言拼音方案">闽南方言拼音方案</a>等;另外一些拼音方案,浊塞音要在原不送气清音后加上h,写成bh、dh、gh,如:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E5%B7%9E%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="潮州话拼音方案">潮州话拼音方案</a>等。</li> <li>汉语普通话中无<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%96%E5%9B%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="尖团音">尖音</a>,因此遇到有尖音的语言,尖音字“祭”、“妻”、“西”用zi、ci、si表示[tsi]、[tsʰi]、[si],“子”、“次”、“四”另用zy、cy、sy表示[tsɿ]、[tsʰɿ]、[sɿ],如:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88#輸入法方案" title="南京話拉丁化方案">南京官話拼音方案</a>。</li> <li>j、q、x所表示的音与汉语拼音的基本一致,如:<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95" title="藏语汉语拼音字母音译转写法">藏语拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%A9%B1%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88#輸入法方案" title="南京話拉丁化方案">南京話拼音</a>。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode输入码位"><span id="Unicode.E8.BE.93.E5.85.A5.E7.A0.81.E4.BD.8D"></span>Unicode输入码位</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:Unicode输入码位"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据ISO 7098:2015《信息与文献——中文罗马字母拼写法》(英語:<span lang="en">Information and Documentation: Chinese Romanization</span>),汉语拼音所使用的四声字符应当使用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E9%99%84%E5%8A%A0%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="組合附加符號">组合附加符号</a>内的字符,而非使用注音符号使用的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="间距修饰字符" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Spacing Modifier Letters"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%97%B4%E8%B7%9D%E4%BF%AE%E9%A5%B0%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="间距修饰字符(页面不存在)">间距修饰字符</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacing_Modifier_Letters" class="extiw" title="en:Spacing Modifier Letters"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Spacing Modifier Letters</span></a></span>)</span></span>,而组合后的常用带调拼音字符因收录于<a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB/T 2312</a>与其后的<a href="/wiki/GBK" class="mw-redirect" title="GBK">GBK</a>和<a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>内,因此Unicode也收录了汉语拼音内的常用带调拼音字符。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>基于 GB/T 16159《汉语拼音正词法基本原则》,所有拼音都需要对应的大小写字母以在句子开始时大写,或者在代表专有名词时使用<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>汉语拼音带调字符表<sup class="reference" id="ref_pinyin-yellow"><a href="#endnote_pinyin-yellow">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="ref_pinyin-grey"><a href="#endnote_pinyin-grey">[2]</a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">字母</th> <th>阴平</th> <th>阳平</th> <th>上声</th> <th>去声 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">组合附加符号</td> <td>̄ (U+0304)</td> <td>́ (U+0301)</td> <td>̌ (U+030C)</td> <td>̀ (U+0300) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">常用音节 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6">大写 </th> <td>A</td> <td>Ā (U+0100)</td> <td>Á (U+00C1)</td> <td>Ǎ (U+01CD)</td> <td>À (U+00C0) </td></tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td>Ē (U+0112)</td> <td>É (U+00C9)</td> <td>Ě (U+011A)</td> <td>È (U+00C8) </td></tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>Ī (U+012A)</td> <td>Í (U+00CD)</td> <td>Ǐ (U+01CF)</td> <td>Ì (U+00CC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>O</td> <td>Ō (U+014C)</td> <td>Ó (U+00D3)</td> <td>Ǒ (U+01D1)</td> <td>Ò (U+00D2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>U</td> <td>Ū (U+016A)</td> <td>Ú (U+00DA)</td> <td>Ǔ (U+01D3)</td> <td>Ù (U+00D9) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ü (U+00DC)</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">Ǖ (U+01D5)</td> <td>Ǘ (U+01D7)</td> <td>Ǚ (U+01D9)</td> <td>Ǜ (U+01DB) </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="6">小写 </th> <td>a</td> <td>ā (U+0101)</td> <td>á (U+00E1)</td> <td>ǎ (U+01CE)</td> <td>à (U+00E0) </td></tr> <tr> <td>e</td> <td>ē (U+0113)</td> <td>é (U+00E9)</td> <td>ě (U+011B)</td> <td>è (U+00E8) </td></tr> <tr> <td>i</td> <td>ī (U+012B)</td> <td>í (U+00ED)</td> <td>ǐ (U+01D0)</td> <td>ì (U+00EC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>o</td> <td>ō (U+014D)</td> <td>ó (U+00F3)</td> <td>ǒ (U+01D2)</td> <td>ò (U+00F2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>u</td> <td>ū (U+016B)</td> <td>ú (U+00FA)</td> <td>ǔ (U+01D4)</td> <td>ù (U+00F9) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ü (U+00FC)</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">ǖ (U+01D6)</td> <td>ǘ (U+01D8)</td> <td>ǚ (U+01DA)</td> <td>ǜ (U+01DC) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6">罕用音节 </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3">大写 </th> <td>Ê (U+00CA)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">Ê̄ (U+00CA U+0304)</td> <td>Ế (U+1EBE)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">Ê̌ (U+00CA U+030C)</td> <td>Ề (U+1EC0) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td>M</td> <td style="background: yellow;">M̄ (U+004D U+0304)</td> <td>Ḿ (U+1E3E)</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">M̌ (U+004D U+030C)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">M̀ (U+004D U+0300) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td>N</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">N̄ (U+004E U+0304)</td> <td>Ń (U+0143)</td> <td>Ň (U+0147)</td> <td>Ǹ (U+01F8) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <th rowspan="3">小写 </th> <td>ê (U+00EA)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">ê̄ (U+00EA U+0304)</td> <td>ế (U+1EBF)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">ê̌ (U+00EA U+030C)</td> <td>ề (U+1EC1) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td>m</td> <td style="background: yellow;">m̄ (U+006D U+0304)</td> <td>ḿ (U+1E3F)</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">m̌ (U+006D U+030C)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">m̀ (U+006D U+0300) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td>n</td> <td style="background: grey; color:white">n̄ (U+006E U+0304)</td> <td>ń (U+0144)</td> <td>ň (U+0148)</td> <td>ǹ (U+01F9) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="6" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>备注</b> <dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pinyin-yellow"><b><a href="#ref_pinyin-yellow">^</a></b></span> <span style="background: yellow;">黄色底色</span>代表Unicode没有单独编码码位给该字符,需要使用组合序列来表达该字符(如上示范)。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dd>2.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pinyin-grey"><b><a href="#ref_pinyin-grey">^</a></b></span> <span style="background: grey; color:white">灰色底色</span>代表《现代汉语词典》内没有收录使用该拼音字符的字。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png/200px-Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png/300px-Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png/400px-Microsoft_Pinyin_%E1%B8%BF%C7%B9.png 2x" data-file-width="849" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">微软拼音输入法</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">使用汉语拼音输入法时输出ḿ/ǹ时对应<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA" title="私人使用区">私人使用区</a>的U+E7C7与U+E7C8。</div></div></div></div> <p>另外,<a href="/wiki/GBK" class="mw-redirect" title="GBK">GBK</a>于编码时把「ḿ」与「ǹ」分别转码至<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA" title="私人使用区">私人使用区</a>的U+E7C7 (<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。该字符可能为:䋴 ḿ 。"></dfn>) 与U+E7C8 (<dfn class="unicode-pua" style="border: 1px solid orange; background: yellow; font-style: normal; cursor: help;" title="此处原字符使用了Unicode私有区编码而无法识别,请协助查实修正。原字符为:,请注意在不同系统中的显示可能完全不同。该字符可能为:汘 ǹ 。"></dfn>)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,导致一些国标字体如<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%98%93%E5%AE%8B%E4%BD%93" title="中易宋体">中易宋体</a>也将这两个音节映射进入私用区码位,一些输入法如RIME输入法与搜狗拼音输入法也在选择ḿ与ǹ时输出私用区字符,再加上<a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>于编码时将ḿ、ǹ的映射码位对换,因此会有一些输入法和字体文件根据不同文件的码位定义而无法互相匹配,造成无法正确输入、输出这两个音节。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>汉语拼音简化字符 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>大写</th> <th>小写</th> <th>备注</th> <th>示例<sup class="reference" id="ref_pinyin-hanyong"><a href="#endnote_pinyin-hanyong">[1]</a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">Ĉ</span> (U+0108)</td> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">ĉ</span> (U+0109)</td> <td>ch的简略写法</td> <td>常可拼为<span lang="zh-Latn"><b>ĉáŋ</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">Ŝ</span> (U+015C)</td> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">ŝ</span> (U+015D)</td> <td>sh的简略写法</td> <td>傷可拼为<span lang="zh-Latn"><b>ŝāŋ</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">Ẑ</span> (U+1E90)</td> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">ẑ</span> (U+1E91)</td> <td>zh的简略写法</td> <td>張可拼为<span lang="zh-Latn"><b>ẑāŋ</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">Ŋ</span> (U+014A)</td> <td><span lang="zh-Latn">ŋ</span> (U+014B)</td> <td>ng的简略写法</td> <td>讓可拼为<span lang="zh-Latn"><b>ràŋ</b></span>,嗯可拼为<span lang="zh-Latn"><b>ŋ̀</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>备注</b> <dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pinyin-hanyong"><b><a href="#ref_pinyin-hanyong">^</a></b></span> 示范简化拼法,如此简省拼式实际上罕用。</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>汉语拼音内所使用的其他标点符号如下: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>拼音符号 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>中文标点符号 </th> <th>拼音标点符号 </th> <th>使用方式 </th> <th>示例 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="句号">。</a>(U+3002) </td> <td>. (U+002E) </td> <td>标注句子结束。 </td> <td>你好。 Nǐ hǎo. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗号">,</a>(U+FF0C)/<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BF%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="顿号">、</a> (U+3001) </td> <td>, (U+002C) </td> <td>表示句子停顿。 </td> <td>你,好吗? Nǐ, hǎo ma? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E6%8A%98%E5%8F%B7" title="破折号">——</a> (U+2014 U+2014) </td> <td>— (U+2014) </td> <td>表示话题或语气的转变,声音的延长和解释要说明的语句等。 </td> <td>枢纽部分──中央大厅 shūniǔ bùfèn—zhōngyāng dàtīng </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%81%E7%95%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="省略号">……</a> (U+2026 U+2026) </td> <td>… (U+2026) </td> <td>标示原文省略。 </td> <td>我…… Wǒ… </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>· (U+00B7) </td> <td>轻声符号。 </td> <td>吗 ·ma </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>- (U+002D) </td> <td>连接相关意义的字。 </td> <td>公关 gōng-guān </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>' (U+0027) </td> <td>分开音节。 </td> <td>西安 Xī'ān (与先 xiān区分) </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>其他标点符号应当依照GB/T 15834的规定使用相对应的西文标点符号。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png/220px-Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png/330px-Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png/440px-Sample_Chinese_Pinyin_fonts.png 2x" data-file-width="1306" data-file-height="832" /></a><figcaption>展示四款楷体内的单层a拼音。注意带调字母相对普通字母的字形与宽度</figcaption></figure> <p>在教育界,某些字体会根据书写习惯将字母a和g设计成单层ɑ/ɡ,而遵从GB/T 2312的字体一般都将带调字母设计成单层a,可是却将普通字母设计成双层a,导致同字体内的设计不一。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>统一码(Unicode)并未提供官方区分单层a与单层g的独立编码,但因为国际音标(IPA)需要分开单层ɑ/ɡ与双层a/g,因此在需要使用单层a/g的情况下可使用国际音标的ɑ/ɡ。部分国标标准(GB/T 5007.1–85, <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>)和扩展标准(如<a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-165" title="ISO-IR-165">ISO-IR-165</a>)所新增新增的汉语拼音字母亦包含以下定义的字符。<sup id="cite_ref-cjkvi_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cjkvi-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在日常使用时,毋需区分单层ɑ/ɡ与双层a/g。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>单层字母 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>字母 </th> <th>单层字母代表符号 </th> <th>备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">a </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E2%B1%AD" title="Ɑ">ɑ</a> (U+0251) </td> <td>国际音标 /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɑ</span>/ </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%CE%91" title="Α">α</a> (U+03B1) </td> <td>希腊字母阿拉法,不建议使用 </td></tr> <tr> <td>g </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%81%E8%BB%9F%E8%85%AD%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%B3" title="濁軟腭塞音">ɡ</a> (U+0261) </td> <td>国际音标 /<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">ɡ</span>/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption>单层 a 带调字符表<sup class="reference" id="ref_pinyin-yellow-1"><a href="#endnote_pinyin-yellow-1">[1]</a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>字母</th> <th>阴平</th> <th>阳平</th> <th>上声</th> <th>去声 </th></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td rowspan="2">ɑ (U+03B1)</td> <td>ᾱ (U+1FB1)</td> <td>ά (U+1F71)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">α̌ (U+03B1 U+030C)</td> <td>ὰ (U+1F70) </td></tr> <tr lang="zh-Latn"> <td style="background: yellow;">ɑ̄ (U+0251 U+0304)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">ɑ́ (U+0251 U+0301)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">ɑ̌ (U+0251 U+030C)</td> <td style="background: yellow;">ɑ̀ (U+0251 U+0300) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>备注</b> <dl><dd>1.<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_pinyin-yellow-1"><b><a href="#ref_pinyin-yellow-1">^</a></b></span> <span style="background: yellow;">黄色底色</span>代表Unicode没有单独编码码位给该字符,需要使用组合序列来表达该字符(如上示范)。<sup id="cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%B0%8D%E7%85%A7%E8%A1%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中文拼音對照表">中文拼音對照表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%A6%A5%E7%91%AA%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="威妥瑪拼音">威妥瑪拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="通用拼音">通用拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%99" title="國際音標">國際音標</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="注音符號">注音符號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="台灣的中文羅馬拼音">台灣的中文羅馬拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E4%B8%9C%E8%AF%9D%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="广东话拼音">廣東話拼音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5%E5%AD%A6" title="汉语音韵学">汉语音韵学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" title="汉语拼音输入法">汉语拼音输入法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="拉丁字母">拉丁字母</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="英文字母">英文字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬拼音">羅馬拼音</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="捷克拼音">捷克拼音</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释"><span id=".E6.B3.A8.E9.87.8A"></span>注释</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:注释"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">有特定目的的除外,例如派駐到港澳台地區或有其他目的等需要用到繁體字的場合,就需要學習粵拼、注音等特定拼音</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"[ ]"內是國際音標,僅供參考。其中<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[i̯]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[u̯]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[y̯]</span>也常常表示為<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[j]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[w]</span>、<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">[ɥ]</span>,每組前後兩者發音幾乎一模一樣,但在<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="語言學">語言學</a>上仍有細微的差異。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">根据<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国教育部">中华人民共和国教育部</a>在2007年7月31日对网友的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_hygq/hygq_zczx/moe_1346/moe_1364/tnull_25051.html">答复</a>,“《汉语拼音方案》于1958年在第一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上通过。方案中‘o’和‘uo’分别直音(用同音汉字拟音)为‘喔’和‘窝’。其实,‘喔’有三个读音,其中有两个是用作叹词。在此,<b>‘喔’应读为用作叹词的‘ō’,而不应读为用作‘鸡鸣;鸡啼声’的‘wō’。</b>”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">尚有爭議,也有學者認為是[ɐɚ]或[ɑɻ]或[ɤɻ],甚至是單獨的[ɚ]。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">一说原定为au/iau,但因手写体易与an混淆而修改</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">有時也讀作[əŋ]。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">如此简省拼式實際上罕用。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">而ê基本不用,基本都併入e中,拼音輸入法中若想輸入ê對應的漢字,需要用ei代替。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">术语“层”(英語:<span lang="en">storey</span>),用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%92%E5%8D%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="字体排印学">字体排印学</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> 未收此<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%85%83" class="mw-redirect" title="字元">字元</a>,要用<a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6" title="組合字符">组合字符</a> m&#x300; 顯示。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">其中數個是為編纂《<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語大字典">漢語大字典</a>》而需要額外補充;起初附錄於 <a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a> 之字模集,爾後收納於 <a href="/wiki/GBK" class="mw-redirect" title="GBK">GBK</a> 及 <a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a>。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">iu、ui、un等拼音方式也是省略後的结果,极端一点就会有注音符号的样子,如miu音中复韵母只用一字母表示,但大部分其他复韵母省略的情况下却会造成混淆而不会像注音符号般一个复韵母就编一个符号来表示。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><mark class="template-facttext"><span title="非常模棱两可或者十分空泛的语句">有人</span></mark><sup class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8A/%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%A8%A1%E7%A8%9C%E5%85%A9%E5%8F%AF" title="Wikipedia:格式手冊/不要模稜兩可"><span title="缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句修正请求开始于2021年4月28日。"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[谁?]</span></span></a></sup>認為这不是拼音的问题,而是一个语言学问题。“烟、远”这两个音节在传统音韵学上一直认为与“安”押韵,在注音符号及其他罗马化方案中,皆将“烟、远”转写成ㄧㄢ、—ian、—üan。语言学上认为此处<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>是<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/a/</span>的一个音位变体,在转写时,可以写原音位,而不写其音位变体,因此,方案中写作-ian、-üan是合理的。然而這個寫原音位而不寫變體的原則在漢語拼音中並不一致適用:j、q、x是團音「g基k欺h希」和尖音「z齎c妻s西」分別變體而來,比如郵政式拼音的北京Pe<b>k</b>ing,清華 <b>Ts</b>inghua 都區分尖團而不寫變體,但是漢語拼音仍舊照注音符號寫變體,這是因為j,q,x來源於兩套聲母,而ian中的a來源于單一<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61209503"><span title="国际音标" class="IPA">/ɛ/</span>,情況不同。另外,注音符號中ㄨㄥ(翁)在聲母後變體為ong,漢語拼音還把轉寫變體獨立於原音位之外,實際上,中華民國政府1941年公佈的《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%96%B0%E9%9F%BB" title="中華新韻">中華新韻</a>》已經將聲母後的ong和獨立韻母weng置於兩個不同韻部之下,漢語拼音將其分開來寫並非首創。可見得所謂語音轉寫原則仍然有很大的彈性。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">事实上,<a href="/wiki/%C3%9C" title="Ü">ü</a>也是<a href="/wiki/EASCII" title="EASCII">EASCII</a>字符之一。按住ALT键并依次输入数字键区数字2、5、2(大写字母为2、2、0)可直接输入该字符。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=29" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=30" title="编辑章节:引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry">Language Subtag Registry</a>. IANA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2024-03-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171112063905/http://www.iana.org/assignments/language-subtag-registry/language-subtag-registry">存档</a>于2017-11-12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=Language+Subtag+Registry&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=IANA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iana.org%2Fassignments%2Flanguage-subtag-registry%2Flanguage-subtag-registry&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">赵守辉. “汉语拼音”在新加坡的实践——历史与现状. 北华大学学报(社会科学版). 2010, <b>11</b> (5): 30–35. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1009-5101"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1009-5101</span></a>. <a href="/wiki/CNKI" class="mw-redirect" title="CNKI">CNKI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=BHDX201005008">BHDX201005008</a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%9C%AF%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%BA%93" title="国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库">NSSD</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nssd.cn/html/1/156/159/index.html?lngId=2000011654">2000011654</a></span><span style="position:relative; top:-2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="需注册账号查阅"><img alt="需注册账号查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E2%80%9D%E5%9C%A8%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E4%B8%8E%E7%8E%B0%E7%8A%B6&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E5%AE%88%E8%BE%89&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1009-5101&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=%E5%8C%97%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5%28%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E7%89%88%29&rft.pages=30-35&rft.volume=11&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="链接至维基文库" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/zh:%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%AD%AF%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87_(%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B97%E5%B9%B4)" class="extiw" title="s:zh:中文譯音使用原則 (民國97年)">中文譯音使用原則 (民國97年)</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>. 2008. <q>六、海外華語教學原則,除使用注音符號者外,涉及採用羅馬拼音者,以採用漢語拼音為原則。七、其他中文譯音,除國際通用或特定詞、約定俗成者(如我國歷史朝代、地名、傳統習俗及文化名詞)外,以漢語拼音為準。</q></span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%5B%5BFile%3AWikisource-logo.svg%7C12px%7Clink%3D%7Calt%3D%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E8%87%B3%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%7C%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D%26nbsp%3B%5B%5Bs%3Azh%3A%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%AD%AF%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87+%28%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B97%E5%B9%B4%29%7C-%7BR%7C%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%AD%AF%E9%9F%B3%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87+%28%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B97%E5%B9%B4%29%7D-%5D%5D&rft.jtitle=%5B%5B%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93%5D%5D&rft.date=2008&rfr_id=info:sid/zh.wikipedia.org:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140226032848/http://www.cna.com.tw/SearchNews/doDetail.aspx?id=200902210088">漢語拼音接軌中國?郝龍斌:國際認同 續執行</a>. 中央社. 2009-02-21 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-10-24</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cna.com.tw/SearchNews/doDetail.aspx?id=200902210088">原始内容</a>存档于2014-02-26) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%8E%A5%E8%BB%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%EF%BC%9F%E9%83%9D%E9%BE%8D%E6%96%8C%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%AA%8D%E5%90%8C+%E7%BA%8C%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C&rft.date=2009-02-21&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2FSearchNews%2FdoDetail.aspx%3Fid%3D200902210088&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:7098:ed-3:v1:en">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-01-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617031837/https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:7098:ed-3:v1:en">存档</a>于2016-06-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fobp%2Fui%2F%23iso%3Astd%3Aiso%3A7098%3Aed-3%3Av1%3Aen&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ma-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ma_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wenku.baidu.com/view/ad7d021ea0c7aa00b52acfc789eb172ded639985.html?_wkts_=1693343320562">《汉语拼音方案》研制历程及当代发展——兼谈普通话的推广</a>. 《语文建设》. 2018, (7) <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-08-29</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E3%80%8B%E7%A0%94%E5%88%B6%E5%8E%86%E7%A8%8B%E5%8F%8A%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E5%85%BC%E8%B0%88%E6%99%AE%E9%80%9A%E8%AF%9D%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A8%E5%B9%BF&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%AF%AD%E6%96%87%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E3%80%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwenku.baidu.com%2Fview%2Fad7d021ea0c7aa00b52acfc789eb172ded639985.html%3F_wkts_%3D1693343320562&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WZGG-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WZGG_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9D%87_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王均 (语言学家)">王均</a>主编. 当代中国的文字改革. 北京: <a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="当代中国出版社">当代中国出版社</a>. 1995. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-80092-297-9" title="Special:网络书源/7-80092-297-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-80092-297-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%9D%87%E4%B8%BB%E7%BC%96&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-80092-297-9&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wen.org.cn/modules/article/view.article.php/92">汉语拼音方案的制订经过</a>. 人文与社会. 2006-12-05 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E7%9A%84%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%A2%E7%BB%8F%E8%BF%87&rft.date=2006-12-05&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%B8%8E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwen.org.cn%2Fmodules%2Farticle%2Fview.article.php%2F92&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s230/201208/140823.html">少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法</a>. 中华人民共和国教育部. 2012-06-29. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304211922/http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s230/201208/140823.html">存档</a>于2016-03-04).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%B0%91%E6%95%B0%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E9%9F%B3%E8%AF%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%86%99%E6%B3%95&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fpublicfiles%2Fbusiness%2Fhtmlfiles%2Fmoe%2Fs230%2F201208%2F140823.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101122000554/http://china-language.gov.cn/8/2007_6_20/1_8_2509_0_1182323850468.html">关于用汉语拼音拼写台湾地名时</a>. 中华人民共和国教育部语言文字应用研究所. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-03-07</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china-language.gov.cn/8/2007_6_20/1_8_2509_0_1182323850468.html">原始内容</a>存档于2010-11-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E7%94%A8%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%8B%BC%E5%86%99%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%97%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china-language.gov.cn%2F8%2F2007_6_20%2F1_8_2509_0_1182323850468.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-name-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-name_12-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-name_12-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">国家技术监督有关部门. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091249368.pdf">GB/T 28039-2011 中国人名汉语拼音字母拼写规则</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-02-17</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210102013646/http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091249368.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-01-02).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8&rft.btitle=GB%2FT+28039-2011+%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%8B%BC%E5%86%99%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2F20150113091249368.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <small>(扫描件,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.babelstone.co.uk/CJK/GBT28039-2011.html">文字版</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210415222454/https://www.babelstone.co.uk/CJK/GBT28039-2011.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>))</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s5987/201207/139437.html">国家标准《汉语拼音正词法基本规则》发布</a>. 中华人民共和国教育部. 2012-07-17. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309103239/http://old.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s5987/201207/139437.html">存档</a>于2021-03-09).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E3%80%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%E3%80%8B%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83&rft.date=2012-07-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.moe.gov.cn%2Fpublicfiles%2Fbusiness%2Fhtmlfiles%2Fmoe%2Fs5987%2F201207%2F139437.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zaobaowang-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zaobaowang_14-0"><sup><b>13.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-zaobaowang_14-1"><sup><b>13.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zaobao.com/forum/views/opinion/story20170401-743492">汪惠迪:新加坡与汉语拼音国际化</a>. 联合早报网. 2017-04-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%AA%E6%83%A0%E8%BF%AA%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E4%B8%8E%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8C%96&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E6%97%A9%E6%8A%A5%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaobao.com%2Fforum%2Fviews%2Fopinion%2Fstory20170401-743492&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">刘明华. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mall.cnki.net/magazine/magadetail/KXZB200811.htm">汉语拼音方案的O韵母与UO韵母之辨</a>. 科学之友. 2008, (11): 126–127 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-12-08</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416185647/https://mall.cnki.net/magazine/magadetail/KXZB200811.htm">存档</a>于2021-04-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E7%9A%84O%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D%E4%B8%8EUO%E9%9F%B5%E6%AF%8D%E4%B9%8B%E8%BE%A8&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E6%98%8E%E5%8D%8E&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=11&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E5%8F%8B&rft.pages=126-127&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmall.cnki.net%2Fmagazine%2Fmagadetail%2FKXZB200811.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-w3c-clreq-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-w3c-clreq_24-0"><sup><b>15.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-w3c-clreq_24-1"><sup><b>15.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Tung, Bobby; Chen, Yijun; Liang, Hai; LIU, Eric Q.; Zhang, Aijie; Wu, Xiaoqian; Li, Angel; Ishida, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/">Requirements for Chinese Text Layout</a>. W3C. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2016]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160419150639/http://www.w3.org/TR/clreq/">存档</a>于2016-04-19).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=Chen%2C+Yijun&rft.au=Ishida%2C+Richard&rft.au=LIU%2C+Eric+Q.&rft.au=Li%2C+Angel&rft.au=Liang%2C+Hai&rft.au=Wu%2C+Xiaoqian&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Aijie&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft.aulast=Tung&rft.btitle=Requirements+for+Chinese+Text+Layout&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=W3C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FTR%2Fclreq%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">厉致谦. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typeisbeautiful.com/2009/04/994/">拉丁字母的故事</a>. Type is Beautiful. 2009-04-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-19</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180317022421/https://www.typeisbeautiful.com/2009/04/994/">存档</a>于2018-03-17).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E5%8E%89%E8%87%B4%E8%B0%A6&rft.btitle=%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E7%9A%84%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B&rft.date=2009-04-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Type+is+Beautiful&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.typeisbeautiful.com%2F2009%2F04%2F994%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Eric Q. LIU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetype.com/2017/08/11606/#pinyin-agform">The Type — Wǒ ài pīnyīn!</a>. The Type. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001184352/https://www.thetype.com/2017/08/11606/#pinyin-agform">存档</a>于2020-10-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=The+Type+%E2%80%94+W%C7%92+%C3%A0i+p%C4%ABny%C4%ABn%21&rft.au=Eric+Q.+LIU&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetype.com%2F2017%2F08%2F11606%2F%23pinyin-agform&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王力. 汉语音韵. 北京: 中华书局. 2002. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787101008319" title="Special:网络书源/9787101008319"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787101008319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B&rft.btitle=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E9%9F%B3%E9%9F%B5&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787101008319&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">汪德琪. 对规范儿化的争议. 江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版). 1987年第3期. pp. 58–60</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1958年 <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="extiw" title="s:汉语拼音方案">汉语拼音方案</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《汉语拼音基础知识》林曦著 第35页</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/12/20150112161950748.pdf">关于颁发《中国地名汉语拼音字母拼写规则(汉语地名部分)》的通知</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 1984-12-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2021-12-11</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211211080419/http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/12/20150112161950748.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2021-12-11). <q>凡过去关于汉语地名的汉语拼音字母拼写规定与此规则相矛盾的,均以此规则为准</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E9%A2%81%E5%8F%91%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D%E6%8B%BC%E5%86%99%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99%EF%BC%88%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D%E9%83%A8%E5%88%86%EF%BC%89%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E9%80%9A%E7%9F%A5&rft.date=1984-12-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F01%2F12%2F20150112161950748.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ortho-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ortho_34-0"><sup><b>23.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ortho_34-1"><sup><b>23.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ortho_34-2"><sup><b>23.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ortho_34-3"><sup><b>23.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ortho_34-4"><sup><b>23.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">国家技术监督有关部门. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091717604.pdf">GB/T 16159-2012 汉语拼音正词法基本规则</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-02-17</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206053114/http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091717604.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-12-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E7%9B%91%E7%9D%A3%E6%9C%89%E5%85%B3%E9%83%A8%E9%97%A8&rft.btitle=GB%2FT+16159-2012+%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2F20150113091717604.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <small>(扫描件,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.babelstone.co.uk/CJK/GBT16159-2012.html">文字版</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210415212912/https://www.babelstone.co.uk/CJK/GBT16159-2012.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>))</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714225600/http://www.126blog.com/user3/wyrsd/archives/2010/201082613525.shtml">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-04-15</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.126blog.com/user3/wyrsd/archives/2010/201082613525.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2014-07-14).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.126blog.com%2Fuser3%2Fwyrsd%2Farchives%2F2010%2F201082613525.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121127123257/http://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/shehui/content/2012-08/21/content_4344299.htm">姓“吕”去办理护照 应该填LYU、LU 还是LV?</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-08-23</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/shehui/content/2012-08/21/content_4344299.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-11-27).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=%E5%A7%93%E2%80%9C%E5%90%95%E2%80%9D%E5%8E%BB%E5%8A%9E%E7%90%86%E6%8A%A4%E7%85%A7+%E5%BA%94%E8%AF%A5%E5%A1%ABLYU%E3%80%81LU+%E8%BF%98%E6%98%AFLV%EF%BC%9F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhznews.hangzhou.com.cn%2Fshehui%2Fcontent%2F2012-08%2F21%2Fcontent_4344299.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thetype-pinyin-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-0"><sup><b>26.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-1"><sup><b>26.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-2"><sup><b>26.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-3"><sup><b>26.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-4"><sup><b>26.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-thetype-pinyin_40-5"><sup><b>26.5</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Eric Q. LIU. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetype.com/2017/08/11606/#pinyin-yin">The Type — Wǒ ài pīnyīn!</a>. The Type. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201001184352/https://www.thetype.com/2017/08/11606/#pinyin-yin">存档</a>于2020-10-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=The+Type+%E2%80%94+W%C7%92+%C3%A0i+p%C4%ABny%C4%ABn%21&rft.au=Eric+Q.+LIU&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Type&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetype.com%2F2017%2F08%2F11606%2F%23pinyin-yin&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中国国家标准化管理委员会. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091717604.pdf">GB/T 16159-2012 《汉语拼音正词法基本原则》</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2012-06-29 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-02-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206053114/http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/01/13/20150113091717604.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2020-12-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&rft.btitle=GB%2FT+16159-2012+%E3%80%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E8%AF%8D%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2012-06-29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moe.gov.cn%2Fewebeditor%2Fuploadfile%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2F20150113091717604.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">林卯. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bangumi.tv/group/topic/342177">自制像素字体7年后总算升了0.5版本:Ozla 5.5“Mendelev”(钔捷列夫)</a>. bangumi.tv. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-06-04</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210416185643/http://bangumi.tv/group/topic/342177">存档</a>于2021-04-16).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.atitle=%E8%87%AA%E5%88%B6%E5%83%8F%E7%B4%A0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%937%E5%B9%B4%E5%90%8E%E6%80%BB%E7%AE%97%E5%8D%87%E4%BA%860.5%E7%89%88%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9AOzla+5.5%E2%80%9CMendelev%E2%80%9D%28%E9%92%94%E6%8D%B7%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%29&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E5%8D%AF&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bangumi.tv&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbangumi.tv%2Fgroup%2Ftopic%2F342177&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cjkvi-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cjkvi_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%8D" title="小林劍">Lunde, Ken Roger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829132935/http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596514471/">CJKV Information Processing</a> 第二版. <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly</a>. 2008年十二月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-05-05</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-596-51447-1" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-596-51447-1"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-596-51447-1</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9780596514471/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-08-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.aufirst=Ken+Roger&rft.aulast=Lunde&rft.btitle=CJKV+Information+Processing&rft.edition=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51447-1&rft.pub=O%27Reilly&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foreilly.com%2Fcatalog%2F9780596514471%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="来源"><span id=".E6.9D.A5.E6.BA.90"></span>来源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=31" title="编辑章节:来源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80540462">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <dl><dt>书籍</dt></dl> <ul><li>《汉英双解新华字典》,北京:<a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%8D%B0%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86" title="商务印书馆">商务印书馆</a>国际有限公司,2000年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787801031983" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-80103-198-3</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&action=edit&section=32" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655521"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87%E5%BA%93" title="维基文库">维基文库</a>中的相关原始文献:<b><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" class="extiw" title="s:汉语拼音方案">汉语拼音方案</a></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pinyin.iq-t.com">拼音查詢</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210416185717/http://pinyin.iq-t.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zh.hanyupinyin.wikia.com/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3_%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA">Wikia汉语拼音版</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=61420">ISO 7098:2015</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161221031324/http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=61420">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 国际标准官方网站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/03/02/20150302165814246.pdf">汉语拼音方案</a> 中华人民共和国教育部网站(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123042124/http://www.moe.gov.cn/ewebeditor/uploadfile/2015/03/02/20150302165814246.pdf">存档</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s230/201001/75607.html">汉语拼音正词法基本规则</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170504081235/http://www.moe.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/moe/s230/201001/75607.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>) 中华人民共和国教育部网站</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5057afbedd88d0d233d46ae2.html">《万能汉语拼音字母配置与生成法则》</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211122004345/http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5057afbedd88d0d233d46ae2.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanyupinyin.cn">汉语拼音网</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210416191123/http://www.hanyupinyin.cn/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524053417/http://jsyw.jsjyt.edu.cn/art/2011/9/1/art_1103_17570.html">ISO7098-1991文献工作—中文罗马字母拼写法</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.edu.tw/MANDR/content.aspx?site_content_sn=13626">台灣的中文譯音使用原則</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20121222215446/http://www.edu.tw/MANDR/content.aspx?site_content_sn=13626">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chochopk-zh-tw.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html">《漢語拼音是比較好的漢字羅馬化方案》</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210120062707/http://chochopk-zh-tw.blogspot.com/2012/03/blog-post.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itpth.foruto.com/01resources/project.html">漢語拼音方案</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210319211313/http://www.itpth.foruto.com/01resources/project.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)<span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="中文">(繁體中文)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.typeisbeautiful.com/2017/08/11606/">Wǒ ài pīnyīn!(我爱拼音)</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180317022534/http://www.typeisbeautiful.com/2017/08/11606/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chinese2pinyin.com">中文 (漢字) 轉換拼音系統</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220104083344/https://chinese2pinyin.com/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol5no1/html/v05i1a06p_0001.htm">The Progress of Pinyin</a>. CIA. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-27</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113061351/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol5no1/html/v05i1a06p_0001.htm">存档</a>于2020-11-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&rft.btitle=The+Progress+of+Pinyin&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=CIA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fcenter-for-the-study-of-intelligence%2Fkent-csi%2Fvol5no1%2Fhtml%2Fv05i1a06p_0001.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://toshuo.com/chinese-tools/pinyin-tone-tool/">Pinyin Tone Tool</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20190430193349/http://toshuo.com/chinese-tools/pinyin-tone-tool/">archive</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925233934/http://abkai.net/core/zh/online-keyboard/online-keyboard-pinyin/">太清汉语拼音在线输入法</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf;position:relative}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO標準" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO" title="Template:ISO"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO" title="Template talk:ISO"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:ISO" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:ISO"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO標準" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94" title="國際標準化組織">ISO</a>標準</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>列表</dt> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际标准化组织的标准列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of International Organization for Standardization standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际标准化组织的标准列表(页面不存在)">国际标准化组织的标准列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_International_Organization_for_Standardization_standards" class="extiw" title="en:List of International Organization for Standardization standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of International Organization for Standardization standards</span></a></span>)</span></span></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="国际标准化组织拉丁化方案列表">国际标准化组织拉丁化方案列表</a></dd> <dd><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="国际电工委员会标准列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of IEC standards"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E7%94%B5%E5%B7%A5%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际电工委员会标准列表(页面不存在)">国际电工委员会标准列表</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" class="extiw" title="en:List of IEC standards"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of IEC standards</span></a></span>)</span></span></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 3" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3(页面不存在)">3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 3</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5" title="ISO 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="感光度">6</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 7" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 7"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 7(页面不存在)">7</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_7" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 7"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 7</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440" title="A440">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-0" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-0"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-0(页面不存在)">-0</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-0" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-0"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-0</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-1" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-1"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-1(页面不存在)">-1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-1" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-1"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-1</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-2" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-2(页面不存在)">-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-2</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-3" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-3(页面不存在)">-3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-3" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-3</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-4" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-4"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-4(页面不存在)">-4</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-4" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-4"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-4</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-5" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-5"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-5(页面不存在)">-5</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-5" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-5"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-5</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-6" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-6"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-6(页面不存在)">-6</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-6" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-6"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-6</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-7" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-7"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-7(页面不存在)">-7</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-7" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-7"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-7</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-8" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-8"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-8(页面不存在)">-8</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-8" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-8"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-8</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-9" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-9"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-9(页面不存在)">-9</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-9"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-9</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-10" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-10"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-10&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-10(页面不存在)">-10</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-10" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-10"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-10</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-11" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-11"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-11(页面不存在)">-11</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-11" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-11"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-11</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-12" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-12"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-12(页面不存在)">-12</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-12"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-12</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31-13" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31-13"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31-13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31-13(页面不存在)">-13</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31-13"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31-13</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 217" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 217"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_217&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 217(页面不存在)">217</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_217" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 217"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 217</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 226" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 226"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_226&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 226(页面不存在)">226</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_226" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 226"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 226</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="British standard pipe thread" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="British standard pipe thread"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=British_standard_pipe_thread&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British standard pipe thread(页面不存在)">228</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_standard_pipe_thread" class="extiw" title="en:British standard pipe thread"><span lang="en" dir="auto">British standard pipe thread</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%81%E5%A5%97" title="封套">269</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Kappa number" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Kappa number"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kappa_number&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kappa number(页面不存在)">302</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kappa_number" class="extiw" title="en:Kappa number"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Kappa number</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Vicat softening point" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vicat softening point"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicat_softening_point&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicat softening point(页面不存在)">306</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" class="extiw" title="en:Vicat softening point"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vicat softening point</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 428" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 428"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_428&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 428(页面不存在)">428</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_428" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 428"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 428</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E9%9D%B4" title="热靴">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PC%E5%90%8C%E6%AD%A5%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="PC同步接口">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Antimagnetic watch" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Antimagnetic watch"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antimagnetic_watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antimagnetic watch(页面不存在)">764</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" class="extiw" title="en:Antimagnetic watch"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Antimagnetic watch</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 898" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 898"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_898&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 898(页面不存在)">898</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_898" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 898"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 898</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 965" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 965"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_965&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 965(页面不存在)">965</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_965" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 965"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 965</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%B6" title="国际单位制">1000</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Magnetic ink character recognition" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Magnetic ink character recognition"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnetic_ink_character_recognition&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnetic ink character recognition(页面不存在)">1004</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" class="extiw" title="en:Magnetic ink character recognition"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Magnetic ink character recognition</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135%E5%BA%95%E7%89%87" title="135底片">1007</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="OCR-A font" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="OCR-A font"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=OCR-A_font&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OCR-A font(页面不存在)">1073-1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCR-A_font" class="extiw" title="en:OCR-A font"><span lang="en" dir="auto">OCR-A font</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 1413" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 1413"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_1413&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 1413(页面不存在)">1413</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_1413" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 1413"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 1413</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 1745" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 1745"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_1745&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 1745(页面不存在)">1745</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_1745" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 1745"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 1745</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2014" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2014"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2014(页面不存在)">2014</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2014" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2014"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2014</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2015" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2015"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2015(页面不存在)">2015</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2015" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2015"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2015</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2047" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2047"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2047&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2047(页面不存在)">2047</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2047" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2047"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2047</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2146" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2146"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2146&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2146(页面不存在)">2146</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2146" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2146"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2146</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="感光度">2240</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Water Resistant mark" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water Resistant mark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_Resistant_mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water Resistant mark(页面不存在)">2281</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" class="extiw" title="en:Water Resistant mark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water Resistant mark</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2709" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2709"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2709&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2709(页面不存在)">2709</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2709" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2709"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2709</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2711" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2711"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2711&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2711(页面不存在)">2711</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2711" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2711"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2711</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2788" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2788"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2788&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2788(页面不存在)">2788</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2788" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2788"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2788</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 2852" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 2852"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_2852&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 2852(页面不存在)">2852</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_2852" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 2852"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 2852</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="126 film" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="126 film"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=126_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="126 film(页面不存在)">3029</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/126_film" class="extiw" title="en:126 film"><span lang="en" dir="auto">126 film</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%9C%9F%E5%88%8A%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準期刊號">3297</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 3307" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 3307"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3307&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3307(页面不存在)">3307</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3307" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 3307"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 3307</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%AD%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%AD%97" title="训令式罗马字">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%97%E8%A1%A3%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" title="洗衣符號">3758</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 3864" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 3864"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3864&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3864(页面不存在)">3864</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3864" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 3864"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 3864</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E9%9F%B3%E5%83%8F%E5%88%B6%E5%93%81%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="国际标准音像制品编码">3901</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 3977" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 3977"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_3977&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 3977(页面不存在)">3977</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3977" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 3977"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 3977</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 4031" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 4031"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4031&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4031(页面不存在)">4031</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4031" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 4031"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 4031</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 4157" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 4157"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_4157&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 4157(页面不存在)">4157</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4157" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 4157"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 4157</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 4909" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 4909"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_4909&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 4909(页面不存在)">4909</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 4909"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 4909</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5218" title="ISO 5218">5218</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 5428" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 5428"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_5428&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 5428(页面不存在)">5428</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_5428" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 5428"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 5428</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 5775" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 5775"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_5775&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 5775(页面不存在)">5775</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_5775" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 5775"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 5775</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 5776" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 5776"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_5776&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 5776(页面不存在)">5776</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_5776" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 5776"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 5776</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E5%BA%A6" title="感光度">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E5%9B%BE" title="流程图">5807</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 5964" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 5964"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_5964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 5964(页面不存在)">5964</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_5964" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 5964"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 5964</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%AD%89%E5%88%B8%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="國際證券識別碼">6166</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 6344" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 6344"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_6344&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 6344(页面不存在)">6344</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6344" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 6344"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 6344</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 6346" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 6346"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_6346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 6346(页面不存在)">6346</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6346" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 6346"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 6346</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 6385" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 6385"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_6385&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 6385(页面不存在)">6385</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6385" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 6385"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 6385</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Water Resistant mark" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Water Resistant mark"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_Resistant_mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water Resistant mark(页面不存在)">6425</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" class="extiw" title="en:Water Resistant mark"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Water Resistant mark</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ANSI escape code" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ANSI escape code"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ANSI_escape_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ANSI escape code(页面不存在)">6429</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" class="extiw" title="en:ANSI escape code"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ANSI escape code</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 6523" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 6523"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_6523&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 6523(页面不存在)">6523</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6523" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 6523"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 6523</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 7002" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 7002"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_7002&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 7002(页面不存在)">7002</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_7002" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 7002"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 7002</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 7064" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 7064"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_7064&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 7064(页面不存在)">7064</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_7064" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 7064"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 7064</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Pascal語言">7185</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 7200" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 7200"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_7200&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 7200(页面不存在)">7200</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_7200" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 7200"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 7200</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" title="OSI模型">7498</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 7736" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 7736"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_7736&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 7736(页面不存在)">7736</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_7736" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 7736"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 7736</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7810" title="ISO 7810">7810</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 7811" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 7811"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_7811&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 7811(页面不存在)">7811</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 7811"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 7811</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 7813" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 7813"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_7813&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 7813(页面不存在)">7813</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 7813"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 7813</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 8178" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 8178"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_8178&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 8178(页面不存在)">8178</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8178" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8178"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 8178</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E6%B2%B9" title="重油">8217</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="FTAM" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="FTAM"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FTAM(页面不存在)">8571</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTAM" class="extiw" title="en:FTAM"><span lang="en" dir="auto">FTAM</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 8583" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 8583"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_8583&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 8583(页面不存在)">8583</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8583" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8583"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 8583</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CGM" title="CGM">8632</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 8652" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 8652"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8652&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 8652(页面不存在)">8652</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 8652"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 8652</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 8691" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 8691"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_8691&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 8691(页面不存在)">8691</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8691" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 8691"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 8691</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification(页面不存在)">8807</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="extiw" title="en:Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 8820-5" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 8820-5"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_8820-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 8820-5(页面不存在)">8820-5</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_8820-5" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 8820-5"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 8820-5</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO-8859-8-I" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO-8859-8-I"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO-8859-8-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO-8859-8-I(页面不存在)">-8-I</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" class="extiw" title="en:ISO-8859-8-I"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO-8859-8-I</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SGML" title="SGML">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AA%94%E6%A1%88%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%A1%A8" title="檔案配置表">9293</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 9241" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 9241"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_9241&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 9241(页面不存在)">9241</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9241" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 9241"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 9241</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%8B%E7%A2%BC" title="鞋碼">9407</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Manufacturing Message Specification" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Manufacturing Message Specification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manufacturing_Message_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manufacturing Message Specification(页面不存在)">9506</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" class="extiw" title="en:Manufacturing Message Specification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Manufacturing Message Specification</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 9529" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 9529"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_9529&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 9529(页面不存在)">9529</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9529" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 9529"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 9529</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 9564" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 9564"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_9564&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 9564(页面不存在)">9564</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9564" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 9564"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 9564</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 9897" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 9897"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_9897&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 9897(页面不存在)">9897</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_9897" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 9897"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 9897</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="C语言">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="可移植操作系统接口">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9984" title="ISO 9984">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9985" title="ISO 9985">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10005" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10005"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10005&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10005(页面不存在)">10005</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10005" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10005"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10005</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10006" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10006"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10006(页面不存在)">10006</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10006" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10006"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10006</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10007" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10007"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10007&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10007(页面不存在)">10007</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10007" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10007"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10007</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 10116" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 10116"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_10116&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 10116(页面不存在)">10116</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 10116"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 10116</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Whirlpool (cryptography)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Whirlpool (cryptography)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Whirlpool_(cryptography)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whirlpool (cryptography)(页面不存在)">10118-3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_(cryptography)" class="extiw" title="en:Whirlpool (cryptography)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Whirlpool (cryptography)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10160" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10160"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10160&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10160(页面不存在)">10160</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10160" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10160"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10160</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10161" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10161"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10161(页面不存在)">10161</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10161" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10161"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10161</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects(页面不存在)">10165</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" class="extiw" title="en:Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language(页面不存在)">10179</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Document Style Semantics and Specification Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Document Style Semantics and Specification Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Pascal語言">10206</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10218" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10218"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10218&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10218(页面不存在)">10218</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10218" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10218"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10218</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STP_(%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F)" title="STP (文件格式)">10303</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)(页面不存在)">-11</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" class="extiw" title="en:EXPRESS (data modeling language)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">EXPRESS (data modeling language)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STP_(%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F)" title="STP (文件格式)">-21</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10303-22" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10303-22"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10303-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10303-22(页面不存在)">-22</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10303-22" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10303-22"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10303-22</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10303-28" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10303-28"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10303-28&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10303-28(页面不存在)">-28</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10303-28" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10303-28"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10303-28</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="STEP-NC" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="STEP-NC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=STEP-NC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STEP-NC(页面不存在)">-238</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEP-NC" class="extiw" title="en:STEP-NC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">STEP-NC</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10383" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10383"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10383&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10383(页面不存在)">10383</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10383" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10383"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10383</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10487" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10487"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10487&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10487(页面不存在)">10487</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10487" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10487"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10487</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%BE%8E%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E4%BB%A3%E7%A2%BC" title="亞美尼亞資訊交換標準代碼">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E5%88%B0%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="中间系统到中间系统">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%9B%86" title="通用字符集">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%8A%B1%E8%9E%BA%E7%B5%B2" title="梅花螺絲">10664</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RM-ODP" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RM-ODP"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RM-ODP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RM-ODP(页面不存在)">10746</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM-ODP" class="extiw" title="en:RM-ODP"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RM-ODP</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Multibus" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Multibus"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Multibus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Multibus(页面不存在)">10861</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multibus" class="extiw" title="en:Multibus"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Multibus</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E7%B7%A8%E8%99%9F" title="國際標準音樂編號">10957</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 10962" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 10962"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_10962&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 10962(页面不存在)">10962</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10962" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 10962"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 10962</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 10967" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 10967"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_10967&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 10967(页面不存在)">10967</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 10967"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 10967</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEEE 11073" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEEE 11073"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEEE_11073&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEEE 11073(页面不存在)">11073</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEEE 11073"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEEE 11073</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11170" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11170"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11170(页面不存在)">11170</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11170" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11170"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11170</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 11179" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 11179"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_11179&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 11179(页面不存在)">11179</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 11179"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 11179</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 11404" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 11404"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_11404&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 11404(页面不存在)">11404</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 11404"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 11404</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11783" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11783"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11783&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11783(页面不存在)">11783</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11783" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11783"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11783</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11784 & 11785" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11784 & 11785"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11784_%26_11785&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11784 & 11785(页面不存在)">11784</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11784_%26_11785" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11784 & 11785"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11784 & 11785</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11784 & 11785" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11784 & 11785"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11784_%26_11785&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11784 & 11785(页面不存在)">11785</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11784_%26_11785" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11784 & 11785"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11784 & 11785</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAT-7" title="CAT-7">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6%E5%99%A8%E5%8D%80%E5%9F%9F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" title="控制器區域網路">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11940-2" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11940-2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11940-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11940-2(页面不存在)">-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11940-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11940-2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11940-2</span></a></span>)</span></span>)</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/TR 11941" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/TR 11941"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/TR_11941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/TR 11941(页面不存在)">11941</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/TR 11941"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/TR 11941</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/TR 11941" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/TR 11941"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/TR_11941&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/TR 11941(页面不存在)">11941 (TR)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/TR 11941"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/TR 11941</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 11992" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 11992"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11992&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11992(页面不存在)">11992</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11992" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11992"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 11992</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 12006" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 12006"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_12006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 12006(页面不存在)">12006</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_12006" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 12006"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 12006</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC TR 12182" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC TR 12182"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_TR_12182&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182(页面不存在)">12182</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC TR 12182"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC TR 12182</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 12207" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 12207"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_12207&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 12207(页面不存在)">12207</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 12207"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 12207</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tag_Image_File_Format_/_Electronic_Photography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography(页面不存在)">12234-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag_Image_File_Format_/_Electronic_Photography" class="extiw" title="en:Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Tag Image File Format / Electronic Photography</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Isofix" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isofix"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isofix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isofix(页面不存在)">13216</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isofix" class="extiw" title="en:Isofix"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isofix</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE" title="主题地图">13250</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13399" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13399"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13399(页面不存在)">13399</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13399" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13399"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13399</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13406-2" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13406-2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13406-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13406-2(页面不存在)">13406-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13406-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13406-2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13406-2</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="110 film" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="110 film"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=110_film&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="110 film(页面不存在)">13450</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110_film" class="extiw" title="en:110 film"><span lang="en" dir="auto">110 film</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13485" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13485"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13485&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13485(页面不存在)">13485</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13485" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13485"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13485</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13490" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13490"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13490&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13490(页面不存在)">13490</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13490" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13490"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13490</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13567" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13567"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13567&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13567(页面不存在)">13567</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13567" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13567"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13567</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Z notation" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Z notation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z_notation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z notation(页面不存在)">13568</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_notation" class="extiw" title="en:Z notation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Z notation</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 13584" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 13584"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_13584&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 13584(页面不存在)">13584</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_13584" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 13584"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 13584</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%93%B6%E8%A1%8C%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E5%8F%B7%E7%A0%81" title="国际银行账户号码">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14224" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14224"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14224&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14224(页面不存在)">14224</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14224" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14224"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14224</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDF/UA" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDF/UA"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF/UA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF/UA(页面不存在)">14289</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/UA" class="extiw" title="en:PDF/UA"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDF/UA</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%8A%9B" title="馬力">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MPEG-4 Part 2" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MPEG-4 Part 2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-4_Part_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-4 Part 2(页面不存在)">-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" class="extiw" title="en:MPEG-4 Part 2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MPEG-4 Part 2</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MPEG-4 Part 3" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MPEG-4 Part 3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-4_Part_3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-4 Part 3(页面不存在)">-3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" class="extiw" title="en:MPEG-4 Part 3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MPEG-4 Part 3</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework(页面不存在)">-6</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" class="extiw" title="en:Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.264/MPEG-4_AVC" title="H.264/MPEG-4 AVC">-10</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MPEG-4 Part 11" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MPEG-4 Part 11"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-4_Part_11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-4 Part 11(页面不存在)">-11</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" class="extiw" title="en:MPEG-4 Part 11"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MPEG-4 Part 11</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MPEG-4 Part 12" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MPEG-4 Part 12"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MPEG-4_Part_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPEG-4 Part 12(页面不存在)">-12</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_12" class="extiw" title="en:MPEG-4 Part 12"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MPEG-4 Part 12</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4" title="MP4">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4" title="MP4">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4" title="MP4">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14644" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14644"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14644&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14644(页面不存在)">14644</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14644" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14644"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14644</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="STEP-NC" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="STEP-NC"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=STEP-NC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STEP-NC(页面不存在)">14649</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STEP-NC" class="extiw" title="en:STEP-NC"><span lang="en" dir="auto">STEP-NC</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14651" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14651"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14651&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14651(页面不存在)">14651</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14651" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14651"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14651</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14698" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14698"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14698&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14698(页面不存在)">14698</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14698" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14698"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14698</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14750" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14750"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14750&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14750(页面不存在)">14750</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14750" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14750"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14750</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟體維護">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 14971" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 14971"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_14971&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 14971(页面不存在)">14971</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_14971" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 14971"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 14971</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15022" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15022"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15022(页面不存在)">15022</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15022" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15022"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15022</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15189" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15189"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15189&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15189(页面不存在)">15189</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15189" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15189"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15189</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 15288" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 15288"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_15288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 15288(页面不存在)">15288</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 15288"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 15288</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification(页面不存在)">15291</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" class="extiw" title="en:Ada Semantic Interface Specification"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ada Semantic Interface Specification</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15292" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15292"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15292&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15292(页面不存在)">15292</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15292" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15292"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15292</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15398" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15398"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15398&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15398(页面不存在)">15398</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15398" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15398"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15398</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8%E8%A9%95%E4%BC%B0%E5%85%B1%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%96%E5%89%87" title="資訊技術安全評估共同準則">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Motion JPEG 2000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Motion JPEG 2000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Motion_JPEG_2000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motion JPEG 2000(页面不存在)">-3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" class="extiw" title="en:Motion JPEG 2000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Motion JPEG 2000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417%E6%9D%A1%E7%A0%81" title="PDF417条码">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8%E5%8F%8A%E7%9B%B8%E9%97%9C%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%8C%96%E6%A8%99%E8%AD%98%E7%AC%A6" title="圖書館及相關組織國際標準化標識符">15511</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15686" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15686"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15686&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15686(页面不存在)">15686</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15686" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15686"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15686</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 15693" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 15693"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_15693&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 15693(页面不存在)">15693</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 15693"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 15693</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%A7%86%E5%90%AC%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E7%BC%96%E7%A0%81" title="国际标准视听资料编码">15706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E9%9F%B3%E6%A8%82%E4%BD%9C%E5%93%81%E7%B7%A8%E7%A2%BC" title="國際標準音樂作品編碼">15707</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15897" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15897"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15897&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15897(页面不存在)">15897</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15897" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15897"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15897</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15926" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15926"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15926&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15926(页面不存在)">15926</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15926" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15926"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15926</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 15926 WIP" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 15926 WIP"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_15926_WIP&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 15926 WIP(页面不存在)">15926 WIP</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 15926 WIP"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 15926 WIP</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDF/X" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDF/X"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF/X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF/X(页面不存在)">15930</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/X" class="extiw" title="en:PDF/X"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDF/X</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="MaxiCode" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="MaxiCode"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MaxiCode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MaxiCode(页面不存在)">16023</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaxiCode" class="extiw" title="en:MaxiCode"><span lang="en" dir="auto">MaxiCode</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDF/VT" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDF/VT"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF/VT&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF/VT(页面不存在)">16612-2</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/VT" class="extiw" title="en:PDF/VT"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDF/VT</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 17024" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 17024"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_17024&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 17024(页面不存在)">17024</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 17024"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 17024</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 17025" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 17025"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_17025&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 17025(页面不存在)">17025</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 17025"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 17025</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 17100:2015" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 17100:2015"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_17100:2015&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 17100:2015(页面不存在)">17100</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_17100:2015" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 17100:2015"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 17100:2015</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6" title="开放虚拟机格式文件">17203</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="SDMX" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="SDMX"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SDMX&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SDMX(页面不存在)">17369</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDMX" class="extiw" title="en:SDMX"><span lang="en" dir="auto">SDMX</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Legal Entity Identifier" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Legal Entity Identifier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_Entity_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal Entity Identifier(页面不存在)">17442</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" class="extiw" title="en:Legal Entity Identifier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Legal Entity Identifier</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 18000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 18000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_18000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 18000(页面不存在)">18000</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_18000" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 18000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 18000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR%E7%A2%BC" title="QR碼">18004</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 18014" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 18014"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_18014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 18014(页面不存在)">18014</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 18014"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 18014</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 18245" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 18245"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_18245&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 18245(页面不存在)">18245</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_18245" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 18245"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 18245</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Process Specification Language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Process Specification Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Process_Specification_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Process Specification Language(页面不存在)">18629</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Process Specification Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Process Specification Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Photographic Activity Test" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Photographic Activity Test"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photographic_Activity_Test&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Photographic Activity Test(页面不存在)">18916</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" class="extiw" title="en:Photographic Activity Test"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Photographic Activity Test</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19011" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19011"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19011(页面不存在)">19011</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19011" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19011"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19011</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19092-1" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19092-1"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19092-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19092-1(页面不存在)">19092 (-1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19092-1"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19092-1</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19092-2" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19092-2"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19092-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19092-2(页面不存在)">-2)</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19092-2"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19092-2</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19114" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19114"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19114&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19114(页面不存在)">19114</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19114" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19114"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19114</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19115" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19115"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19115&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19115(页面不存在)">19115</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19115" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19115"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19115</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Simple feature access" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Simple feature access"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simple_feature_access&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simple feature access(页面不存在)">19125</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_feature_access" class="extiw" title="en:Simple feature access"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Simple feature access</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="地理标记语言">19136</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19439" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19439"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19439&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19439(页面不存在)">19439</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19439" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19439"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19439</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORBA" title="CORBA">19500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="统一建模语言">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="元对象机制">19502</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="XML Metadata Interchange" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="XML Metadata Interchange"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Metadata_Interchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XML Metadata Interchange(页面不存在)">19503</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" class="extiw" title="en:XML Metadata Interchange"><span lang="en" dir="auto">XML Metadata Interchange</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="统一建模语言">19505</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel(页面不存在)">19506</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" class="extiw" title="en:Knowledge Discovery Metamodel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Knowledge Discovery Metamodel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Object Constraint Language" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Object Constraint Language"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_Constraint_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object Constraint Language(页面不存在)">19507</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" class="extiw" title="en:Object Constraint Language"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Object Constraint Language</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6" title="元对象机制">19508</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="XML Metadata Interchange" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="XML Metadata Interchange"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=XML_Metadata_Interchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XML Metadata Interchange(页面不存在)">19509</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" class="extiw" title="en:XML Metadata Interchange"><span lang="en" dir="auto">XML Metadata Interchange</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9A%E5%8A%A1%E6%B5%81%E7%A8%8B%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E6%B3%95" title="业务流程模型和标记法">19510</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 19600:2014" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 19600:2014"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_19600:2014&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 19600:2014(页面不存在)">19600:2014</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_19600:2014" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 19600:2014"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 19600:2014</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 19752" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 19752"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19752&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 19752(页面不存在)">19752</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 19752"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 19752</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="RELAX NG" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="RELAX NG"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=RELAX_NG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RELAX NG(页面不存在)">19757</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELAX_NG" class="extiw" title="en:RELAX NG"><span lang="en" dir="auto">RELAX NG</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 19770" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 19770"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19770&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 19770(页面不存在)">19770</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 19770"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 19770</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 19794-5" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 19794-5"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_19794-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5(页面不存在)">19794-5</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 19794-5"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 19794-5</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface(页面不存在)">19831</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" class="extiw" title="en:Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 20022" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 20022"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_20022&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 20022(页面不存在)">20022</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_20022" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 20022"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 20022</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 20121" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 20121"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_20121&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 20121(页面不存在)">20121</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_20121" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 20121"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 20121</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 20400" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 20400"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_20400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 20400(页面不存在)">20400</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_20400" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 20400"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 20400</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="International Standard Text Code" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Standard Text Code"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Standard_Text_Code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Standard Text Code(页面不存在)">21047</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" class="extiw" title="en:International Standard Text Code"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Standard Text Code</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 21500" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 21500"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_21500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 21500(页面不存在)">21500</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_21500" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 21500"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 21500</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 21827" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 21827"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_21827&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 21827(页面不存在)">21827:2002</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 21827"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 21827</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%9E%B6%E6%9E%84" title="通用语言架构">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="Linux标准规范">23360</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="PDF/E" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="PDF/E"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PDF/E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PDF/E(页面不存在)">24517</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF/E" class="extiw" title="en:PDF/E"><span lang="en" dir="auto">PDF/E</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E6%A8%99%E7%A4%BA%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6" title="詞彙標示框架">24613</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO-TimeML" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO-TimeML"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO-TimeML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO-TimeML(页面不存在)">24617</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO-TimeML" class="extiw" title="en:ISO-TimeML"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO-TimeML</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Common Logic" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Common Logic"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Common_Logic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Common Logic(页面不存在)">24707</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Logic" class="extiw" title="en:Common Logic"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Common Logic</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec%E7%A0%81" title="Aztec码">24778</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 25178" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 25178"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_25178&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 25178(页面不存在)">25178</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_25178" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 25178"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 25178</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 25964" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 25964"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_25964&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 25964(页面不存在)">25964</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_25964" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 25964"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 25964</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="开放文档格式">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97" title="ISO/IEC 27000系列">27000 series</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 27000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 27000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_27000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 27000(页面不存在)">27000</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 27000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 27000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 27006" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 27006"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_27006&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 27006(页面不存在)">27006</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 27006"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 27006</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1%E8%AD%98%E5%88%A5%E7%A2%BC" title="國際標準名稱識別碼">27729</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/PAS 28000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/PAS 28000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/PAS_28000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/PAS 28000(页面不存在)">28000</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/PAS_28000" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/PAS 28000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/PAS 28000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 29110" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 29110"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_29110&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 29110(页面不存在)">29110</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_29110" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 29110"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 29110</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Requirements engineering" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Requirements engineering"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Requirements_engineering&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Requirements engineering(页面不存在)">29148</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements_engineering" class="extiw" title="en:Requirements engineering"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Requirements engineering</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby">30170</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 31000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 31000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_31000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 31000(页面不存在)">31000</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_31000" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 31000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 31000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F" title="可移植文档格式">32000</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 38500" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 38500"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_38500&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 38500(页面不存在)">38500</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 38500"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 38500</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%97%A0%E9%9A%9C%E7%A2%8D%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97" title="Web内容无障碍指南">40500</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO/IEC 42010" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO/IEC 42010"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO/IEC_42010&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO/IEC 42010(页面不存在)">42010</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" class="extiw" title="en:ISO/IEC 42010"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO/IEC 42010</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 55000" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 55000"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_55000&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 55000(页面不存在)">55000</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_55000" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 55000"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 55000</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 80000-1" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 80000-1"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_80000-1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 80000-1(页面不存在)">-1</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_80000-1" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 80000-1"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 80000-1</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_80000-2" title="ISO 80000-2">-2</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="ISO 80000-3" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="ISO 80000-3"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_80000-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 80000-3(页面不存在)">-3</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_80000-3" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 80000-3"><span lang="en" dir="auto">ISO 80000-3</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>参见:</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="分类"><img alt="分类" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:ISO%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Category:ISO標準">ISO标准</a></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:PrefixIndex&prefix=ISO&namespace=0">所有前缀有“ISO”的页面</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="中国文字改革委员会拼音方案委员会" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Template:中国文字改革委员会拼音方案委员会"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:中国文字改革委员会拼音方案委员会(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:中国文字改革委员会拼音方案委员会"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="中国文字改革委员会拼音方案委员会" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="国家语言文字工作委员会">中国文字改革委员会</a>拼音方案委员会</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1955年2月创始成员</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E7%8E%89%E7%AB%A0" title="吴玉章">吴玉章</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%84%88%E4%B9%8B" title="胡愈之">胡愈之</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%8B%E6%84%A8" title="韋愨">韋愨</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E8%A5%BF%E6%9E%97" title="丁西林">丁西林</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E6%B1%89%E8%BE%BE" title="林汉达">林汉达</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%B8%E5%9F%B9" title="罗常培">罗常培</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%BF%97%E9%9F%A6" title="陆志韦">陆志韦</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E9%94%A6%E7%86%99" title="黎锦熙">黎锦熙</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8A%9B_(%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="王力 (语言学家)">王力</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%80%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%9B%99" title="倪海曙">倪海曙</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E7%B1%81%E5%A3%AB" title="叶籁士">叶籁士</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1955年4月增补委员</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%89%E5%85%89" title="周有光">周有光</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1957年2月增补委员</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%B9%94%E6%9C%A8" title="胡乔木">胡乔木</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%8F%94%E6%B9%98" title="吕叔湘">吕叔湘</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%8A%9F" title="魏建功">魏建功</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div>1957年10月,中国文字改革委员会提交《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">汉语拼音方案</a>(修正草案)》<br />1958年2月,中华人民共和国<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%B1%8A%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="第一届全国人民代表大会">第一届</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="全国人民代表大会">全国人民代表大会</a>第五次会议批准《<a class="mw-selflink selflink">汉语拼音方案</a>》</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a>:各地 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42222#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4246214-9">德国</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐59c6f7ddc5‐9x7k7 Cached time: 20241128143119 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 2.473 seconds Real time usage: 2.937 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38187/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 832271/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 34335/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 31/100 Expensive parser function count: 198/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 176550/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.009/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 23723415/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: ? 340 ms 27.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 160 ms 13.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData 100 ms 8.2% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::find 60 ms 4.9% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 60 ms 4.9% type 60 ms 4.9% pairs 40 ms 3.3% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements 40 ms 3.3% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::makeTitle 40 ms 3.3% validateData <mw.lua:728> 40 ms 3.3% [others] 280 ms 23.0% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2166.178 1 -total 25.85% 560.027 2 Template:Navbox 25.77% 558.286 1 Template:ISO 21.46% 464.803 197 Template:Tsl 12.50% 270.698 1 Template:Reflist 11.29% 244.650 37 Template:Category_handler 11.21% 242.764 35 Template:Lang 9.83% 212.973 1 Template:Infobox_romanization 9.75% 211.183 1 Template:Infobox_writing_system 9.30% 201.392 1 Template:Infobox --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:4481:|#|:idhash:canonical!zh and timestamp 20241128143119 and revision id 85128028. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=汉语拼音&oldid=85128028">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=汉语拼音&oldid=85128028</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Category:现代标准汉语拼音系统">现代标准汉语拼音系统</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Category:汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Category:ISO標準">ISO標準</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">隐藏分类:<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有英語的條目">含有英語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2021%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%88%E7%BC%BA%E5%B0%91%E4%B8%BB%E8%AF%AD%E6%88%96%E8%80%85%E4%B8%BB%E8%AF%AD%E4%B8%8D%E5%A4%9F%E5%85%B7%E4%BD%93%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5" title="Category:自2021年4月缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句">自2021年4月缺少主语或者主语不够具体的语句</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2024%E5%B9%B411%E6%9C%88%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目">自2024年11月带有失效链接的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%9F" title="Category:引文格式1错误:日期">引文格式1错误:日期</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%87%AA2024%E5%B9%B46%E6%9C%88%E9%9C%80%E8%A1%A5%E5%85%85%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:自2024年6月需补充来源的条目">自2024年6月需补充来源的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%92%E7%BB%9D%E5%BD%93%E9%80%89%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5%E6%96%B0%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E6%A0%8F%E7%9B%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目">拒绝当选首页新条目推荐栏目的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有漢語拼音的條目">含有漢語拼音的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%8A%AC%E5%8D%87%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:使用抬升式引用的條目">使用抬升式引用的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%90%AB%E6%9C%89%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:含有拉丁語的條目">含有拉丁語的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9C%80%E8%A6%81%E5%BE%9E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%BF%BB%E8%AD%AF%E7%9A%84%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目">需要從英語維基百科翻譯的條目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8F%AF%E8%83%BD%E5%B8%A6%E6%9C%89%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:可能带有原创研究的条目">可能带有原创研究的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABUnicode%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%89%E5%8C%BA%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含Unicode私有区字符的条目">包含Unicode私有区字符的条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90_(en)" title="Category:CS1英语来源 (en)">CS1英语来源 (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%8C%85%E5%90%ABGND%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE" title="Category:包含GND标识符的维基百科条目">包含GND标识符的维基百科条目</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8ISBN%E9%AD%94%E6%9C%AF%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E7%9A%84%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Category:使用ISBN魔术链接的页面">使用ISBN魔术链接的页面</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2024年11月28日 (星期四) 14:30。</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">本站的全部文字在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.zh">知识共享 署名-相同方式共享 4.0协议</a>之条款下提供,附加条款亦可能应用。(请参阅<a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">使用条款</a>)<br /> Wikipedia®和维基百科标志是<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/zh">维基媒体基金会</a>的注册商标;维基™是维基媒体基金会的商标。<br /> 维基媒体基金会是按美国国內稅收法501(c)(3)登记的<a class="external text" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tax_deductibility">非营利慈善机构</a>。<br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">隐私政策</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E">关于维基百科</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%8D%E8%B4%A3%E5%A3%B0%E6%98%8E">免责声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">行为准则</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">开发者</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/zh.wikipedia.org">统计</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie声明</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//zh.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">手机版视图</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-lps5l","wgBackendResponseTime":197,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.473","walltime":"2.937","ppvisitednodes":{"value":38187,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":832271,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":34335,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":31,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":198,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":176550,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2166.178 1 -total"," 25.85% 560.027 2 Template:Navbox"," 25.77% 558.286 1 Template:ISO"," 21.46% 464.803 197 Template:Tsl"," 12.50% 270.698 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.29% 244.650 37 Template:Category_handler"," 11.21% 242.764 35 Template:Lang"," 9.83% 212.973 1 Template:Infobox_romanization"," 9.75% 211.183 1 Template:Infobox_writing_system"," 9.30% 201.392 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.009","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":23723415,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["?","340","27.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","160","13.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpensiveData","100","8.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","60","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","4.9"],["type","60","4.9"],["pairs","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","40","3.3"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::makeTitle","40","3.3"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","40","3.3"],["[others]","280","23.0"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-59c6f7ddc5-9x7k7","timestamp":"20241128143119","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u6c49\u8bed\u62fc\u97f3","url":"https:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42222","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q42222","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u7ef4\u57fa\u5a92\u4f53\u9879\u76ee\u8d21\u732e\u8005"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-09-13T15:47:13Z","dateModified":"2024-11-28T14:30:56Z","headline":"\u73fe\u4ee3\u6a19\u6e96\u6f22\u8a9e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7f85\u99ac\u5b57\u8868\u8a18\u6cd5"}</script> </body> </html>