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</div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Medidas_da_deformación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medidas_da_deformación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Medidas da deformación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medidas_da_deformación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deformacións_elástica_e_plástica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deformacións_elástica_e_plástica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Deformacións elástica e plástica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deformacións_elástica_e_plástica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Desprazamentos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Desprazamentos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Desprazamentos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Desprazamentos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enerxía_de_deformación" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enerxía_de_deformación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enerxía de deformación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enerxía_de_deformación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Táboa de contidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Deformación</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 55 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vervorming" title="Vervorming – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vervorming" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84_(%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="انفعال (علم المواد) – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انفعال (علم المواد)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3n" title="Deformación – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Deformación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasiya" title="Deformasiya – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Deformasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфармацыя – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8D%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Дэфармацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дэфармацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="রূপবিকার (পদার্থবিজ্ঞান) – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রূপবিকার (পদার্থবিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformacija_(mehanika)" title="Deformacija (mehanika) – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Deformacija (mehanika)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3" title="Deformació – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Deformació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformace" title="Deformace – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Deformace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Деформаци – chuvaxo" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Деформаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvaxo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verformung" title="Verformung – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verformung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%86%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE)" title="Παραμόρφωση (μηχανική) – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραμόρφωση (μηχανική)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation_(physics)" title="Deformation (physics) – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Deformation (physics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformi%C4%9Do" title="Deformiĝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Deformiĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformaci%C3%B3n" title="Deformación – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Deformación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformazio" title="Deformazio – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Deformazio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%BA%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%84_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%DA%A9)" title="تغییر شکل (فیزیک) – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تغییر شکل (فیزیک)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venym%C3%A4" title="Venymä – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venymä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9formation_d%27un_mat%C3%A9riau" title="Déformation d'un matériau – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Déformation d'un matériau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%95%D7%AA" title="מעוות – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעוות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A3_(%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80)" title="विरूपण (यांत्रिकी) – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विरूपण (यांत्रिकी)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformacija" title="Deformacija – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Deformacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Դեֆորմացիա – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դեֆորմացիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasi_(fisika)" title="Deformasi (fisika) – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Deformasi (fisika)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformazione" title="Deformazione – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Deformazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%89%E5%BD%A2" title="変形 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="変形" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="დეფორმაცია – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დეფორმაცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ವಿಕೃತಿ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿಕೃತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B7%B8%EB%9F%AC%EC%A7%90_(%EB%AC%BC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="일그러짐 (물리학) – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일그러짐 (물리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0)" title="Деформация (физикада) – kirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Деформация (физикада)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformatio" title="Deformatio – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Deformatio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%ABno_deformacija" title="Kūno deformacija – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kūno deformacija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deform%C4%81cija" title="Deformācija – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Deformācija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86" title="Деформац – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Деформац" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformatie_(natuurkunde)" title="Deformatie (natuurkunde) – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Deformatie (natuurkunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasjon" title="Deformasjon – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Deformasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformasjon" title="Deformasjon – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Deformasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odkszta%C5%82cenie" title="Odkształcenie – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Odkształcenie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforma%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Deformação – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Deformação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformare" title="Deformare – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Deformare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Деформация – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Деформация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformacija_(mehanika)" title="Deformacija (mehanika) – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Deformacija (mehanika)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Deformation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deform%C3%A1cia_(mechanika)" title="Deformácia (mechanika) – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Deformácia (mechanika)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformimi_(fizik%C3%AB)" title="Deformimi (fizikë) – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deformimi (fizikë)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Деформација – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Деформација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deformation" title="Deformation – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Deformation" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%94_(%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์) – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเครียด (กลศาสตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eekil_de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Ftirme" title="Şekil değiştirme – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Şekil değiştirme" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Деформація – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas das páxinas"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparencia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">agochar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>deformación</b> é o cambio no tamaño ou forma dun corpo debido á aplicación dunha ou máis <a href="/wiki/Forza" title="Forza">forzas</a> sobre o mesmo ou a ocorrencia de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dilataci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dilatación (a páxina aínda non existe)">dilatación</a> térmica. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medidas_da_deformación"><span id="Medidas_da_deformaci.C3.B3n"></span>Medidas da deformación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Medidas da deformación»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Medidas da deformación"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A magnitude máis simple para medir a deformación é o que en enxeñaría chámase <b>deformación axial</b> ou <b>deformación unitaria</b> defínese como o cambio de <a href="/wiki/Lonxitude" title="Lonxitude">lonxitude</a> por unidade de lonxitude: </p> <center> <p><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon \ ={\frac {\Delta \ s'-\Delta \ s}{\Delta \ s}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>ε</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon \ ={\frac {\Delta \ s'-\Delta \ s}{\Delta \ s}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f92c4ce1af476410512a286486d845852a90fbf0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:16.338ex; height:5.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon \ ={\frac {\Delta \ s'-\Delta \ s}{\Delta \ s}}}"></span><br /> </p> </center> <p><br /> onde <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta \ s}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>s</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta \ s}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f07fc3f16fb62cda8eae65abcf4468b23dc04167" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:3.607ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta \ s}"></span> é a lonxitude inicial da zona en estudo e <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \Delta \ s'}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>s</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \Delta \ s'}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d22e5884e6479db8f22a252037e58fec3d471c2f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:4.292ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \Delta \ s'}"></span> a lonxitude final ou deformada. É útil para expresar os cambios de lonxitude dun cable ou un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prisma_mec%C3%A1nico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prisma mecánico (a páxina aínda non existe)">prisma mecánico</a>. Na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mec%C3%A1nica_de_s%C3%B3lidos_deformables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mecánica de sólidos deformables (a páxina aínda non existe)">Mecánica de sólidos deformables</a> a deformación pode ter lugar segundo diversos modos e en diversas direccións, e pode ademais provocar distorsións na forma do corpo. Nesas condicións a deformación dun corpo pódese caracterizar por un <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1lculo_tensorial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cálculo tensorial (a páxina aínda non existe)">tensor</a> (máis exactamente un campo tensorial) da forma: </p> <dl><dd><center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle [D]={\begin{pmatrix}\varepsilon _{11}&\varepsilon _{12}&\varepsilon _{13}\\\varepsilon _{21}&\varepsilon _{22}&\varepsilon _{23}\\\varepsilon _{31}&\varepsilon _{32}&\varepsilon _{33}\end{pmatrix}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>D</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mtable rowspacing="4pt" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>11</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>12</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>13</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>21</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>22</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>23</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>31</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>32</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> <mtd> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>33</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle [D]={\begin{pmatrix}\varepsilon _{11}&\varepsilon _{12}&\varepsilon _{13}\\\varepsilon _{21}&\varepsilon _{22}&\varepsilon _{23}\\\varepsilon _{31}&\varepsilon _{32}&\varepsilon _{33}\end{pmatrix}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/98f4c9577f8b924a763fdc830b445959e5da5328" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -4.005ex; width:24.659ex; height:9.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle [D]={\begin{pmatrix}\varepsilon _{11}&\varepsilon _{12}&\varepsilon _{13}\\\varepsilon _{21}&\varepsilon _{22}&\varepsilon _{23}\\\varepsilon _{31}&\varepsilon _{32}&\varepsilon _{33}\end{pmatrix}}}"></span></center></dd></dl> <p><br /> Onde cada unha das compoñentes da matriz anterior, chamada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensor_deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensor deformación (a páxina aínda non existe)">tensor deformación</a> representa unha función definida sobre as <a href="/wiki/Coordenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordenada">coordenadas</a> do corpo que se obtén como combinación de derivadas do campo de desprazamentos dos puntos do corpo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deformacións_elástica_e_plástica"><span id="Deformaci.C3.B3ns_el.C3.A1stica_e_pl.C3.A1stica"></span>Deformacións elástica e plástica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Deformacións elástica e plástica»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Deformacións elástica e plástica"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tanto a <i>deformación unitaria</i> como o <i>tensor deformación</i> pódese descompoñer o valor da deformación en: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasticidade_(mec%C3%A1nica_de_s%C3%B3lidos)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasticidade (mecánica de sólidos) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Deformación (visco)plástica</a></b> ou <b>irreversible</b>. Modo de deformación en que o material non regresa á súa forma orixinal logo de retirar a carga aplicada. Isto sucede porque na deformación plástica o material experimenta cambios termodinámicos irreversibles ó adquirir maior <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa" title="Enerxía">enerxía</a> (potencial elástico). A deformación plástica é o contrario á deformación reversible.</li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasticidade_(mec%C3%A1nica_de_s%C3%B3lidos)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasticidade (mecánica de sólidos) (a páxina aínda non existe)">Deformación elástica</a></b> ou <b>reversible</b>: o corpo recupera a súa forma orixinal ó retirar a <a href="/wiki/Forza" title="Forza">forza</a> que provoca a deformación. Neste tipo de deformación, o sólido ó variar o seu estado tensional e aumentar a súa enerxía interna en forma de <i>enerxía potencial elástica</i> só pasa por cambios termodinámicos reversibles.</li></ul> <p>Aínda que comunmente enténdese por materiais elásticos aqueles que sofren grandes elongacións cando se lles aplica unha forza (como a goma elástica que pode estirarse sen dificultade recuperando a súa lonxitude orixinal unha vez que desaparece a carga). Este comportamento, con todo, non é exclusivo destes materiais, de modo que os <a href="/wiki/Metal_(material)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal (material)">metais</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aliaxe" title="Aliaxe">aliaxes</a> de aplicación técnica, <a href="/wiki/Roca" title="Roca">pedras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formig%C3%B3n" title="Formigón">formigóns</a> e <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">madeiras</a> empregados en construción e en xeral calquera material presenta este comportamento ata un certo valor da forza aplicada; aínda que nos casos apuntados as deformacións son pequenas, ó retirar a carga desaparecen. Así, podemos entender que ata certo límite, calquera material é elástico. </p><p>Ao valor máximo da forza aplicada para o que a deformación é elástica denomínaselle <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADmite_el%C3%A1stico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Límite elástico (a páxina aínda non existe)">límite elástico</a> e é de grande importancia no deseño mecánico, xa que na maioría de aplicacións é este (e non o da rotura), o que se adopta como variable de deseño (particularmente en mecanismos). Unha vez superado o límite elástico aparecen deformacións plásticas (remanentes tras retirar a carga) comprometendo a funcionalidade de certos elementos mecánicos. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Desprazamentos">Desprazamentos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Desprazamentos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Desprazamentos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cando un medio continuo se deforma, a posición das súas partículas materiais cambia de localización no espazo. Este cambio de posición represéntase polo chamado <b>vector desprazamento</b>, u = (ux, uy, uz). Non debe confundirse desprazamento con deformación, porque son conceptos diferentes aínda que gardan unha relación matemática entre eles: </p> <center><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ij}={1 \over 2}\left({\partial u_{i} \over \partial x_{j}}+{\partial u_{j} \over \partial x_{i}}+\sum _{k}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{i}}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{j}}\right)}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>ε</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <munder> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </munder> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>i</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>j</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ij}={1 \over 2}\left({\partial u_{i} \over \partial x_{j}}+{\partial u_{j} \over \partial x_{i}}+\sum _{k}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{i}}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{j}}\right)}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/02a10c0a8bf815c23c1643026ad8a5d008117a1b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:39.081ex; height:7.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \varepsilon _{ij}={1 \over 2}\left({\partial u_{i} \over \partial x_{j}}+{\partial u_{j} \over \partial x_{i}}+\sum _{k}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{i}}{\partial u_{k} \over \partial x_{j}}\right)}"></span></center> <p><br /> </p><p>Por exemplo nun saliente ou ménsula encaixada nun extremo e libre no outro, as deformacións son máximas no extremo encaixado e cero no extremo libre, mentres que os desprazamentos son cero no extremo encaixado e máximos no extremo libre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enerxía_de_deformación"><span id="Enerx.C3.ADa_de_deformaci.C3.B3n"></span>Enerxía de deformación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Enerxía de deformación»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Enerxía de deformación"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="detail principal"> <dl><dd><span><span><i>Artigo principal</i><i>:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Enerx%C3%ADa_de_deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enerxía de deformación (a páxina aínda non existe)">enerxía de deformación</a>.</span></span></dd></dl></div> <p>A deformación é un proceso termodinámico no que a enerxía interna do corpo acumula <a href="/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_potencial" title="Enerxía potencial">enerxía potencial</a> elástica. A partir duns certos valores da deformación pódense producir transformacións do material e parte da enerxía disípase en forma de plastificado, endurecemento, fractura ou fatiga do material. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elasticidade_(mec%C3%A1nica)" title="Elasticidade (mecánica)">Elasticidade (mecánica)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lei_de_Hooke" title="Lei de Hooke">Lei de Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ensaio_de_tracci%C3%B3n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensaio de tracción (a páxina aínda non existe)">Ensaio de tracción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeficiente_de_Poisson" title="Coeficiente de Poisson">Coeficiente de Poisson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galga_extensiom%C3%A9trica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galga extensiométrica (a páxina aínda non existe)">Galga extensiométrica</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deformaci%C3%B3n&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Vexa a entrada do <a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Galizionario</a> acerca de  <i><b><a href="https://gl.wiktionary.org/wiki/deformaci%C3%B3n" class="extiw" title="wikt:deformación">deformación</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060408052025/http://academic.uprm.edu/lrosario/page/4055_clases/deformacion.htm">Páxina onde se enumeran aspectos relevantes no traballo de metais por deformación plástica</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Axuda:Control_de_autoridades" title="Axuda:Control de autoridades">Control de autoridades</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193514" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q193514">Q193514</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Florencia" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florencia">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=26429">26429</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclopedia_Rusa" title="Grande Enciclopedia Rusa">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1950592">1950592</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85036465">sh85036465</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">MAG: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://academic.microsoft.com/v2/detail/46585869">46585869</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Checa" title="Biblioteca Nacional da República Checa">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119357">ph119357</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_t%C3%A9cnica_nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca técnica nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH3061">3061</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Treccani" title="Enciclopedia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/deformazione">deformazione</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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