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href="#The_Centre_Pompidou_and_early_projects_1973–1977"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973–1977</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Centre_Pompidou_and_early_projects_1973–1977-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973–1977 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Centre_Pompidou_and_early_projects_1973–1977-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Centre_Pompidou_(1973–1977)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centre_Pompidou_(1973–1977)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Centre Pompidou (1973–1977)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centre_Pompidou_(1973–1977)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menil_Collection_(1981–1987)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menil_Collection_(1981–1987)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Menil Collection (1981–1987)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menil_Collection_(1981–1987)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Old_Port_of_Genoa_(1985–2001)_and_Lingotto_Factory_in_Turin_(1983–2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Port_of_Genoa_(1985–2001)_and_Lingotto_Factory_in_Turin_(1983–2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001) and Lingotto Factory in Turin (1983–2003)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Port_of_Genoa_(1985–2001)_and_Lingotto_Factory_in_Turin_(1983–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paris_"The_Whale"_Commercial_Mall_Bercy_2_(1990)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paris_"The_Whale"_Commercial_Mall_Bercy_2_(1990)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Paris "The Whale" Commercial Mall Bercy 2 (1990)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paris_"The_Whale"_Commercial_Mall_Bercy_2_(1990)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects_completed_1991–2000" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects_completed_1991–2000"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Projects completed 1991–2000</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Projects_completed_1991–2000-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Projects completed 1991–2000 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Projects_completed_1991–2000-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Crown_Class_Cruise_Ships_(1989–1991)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crown_Class_Cruise_Ships_(1989–1991)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Crown Class Cruise Ships (1989–1991)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crown_Class_Cruise_Ships_(1989–1991)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kansai_International_Airport_(1991–1994)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kansai_International_Airport_(1991–1994)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Kansai International Airport (1991–1994)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kansai_International_Airport_(1991–1994)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fondation_Beyeler_(1991–1997)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fondation_Beyeler_(1991–1997)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Fondation Beyeler (1991–1997)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fondation_Beyeler_(1991–1997)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre,_Noumea,_New_Caledonia_(1991–1998)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre,_Noumea,_New_Caledonia_(1991–1998)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, Noumea, New Caledonia (1991–1998)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre,_Noumea,_New_Caledonia_(1991–1998)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Potsdamer_Platz,_Berlin_(1992–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Potsdamer_Platz,_Berlin_(1992–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (1992–2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Potsdamer_Platz,_Berlin_(1992–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aurora_Place,_Sydney,_Australia_(1996–2000)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurora_Place,_Sydney,_Australia_(1996–2000)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Aurora Place, Sydney, Australia (1996–2000)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurora_Place,_Sydney,_Australia_(1996–2000)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects_completed_2001–2009" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects_completed_2001–2009"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Projects completed 2001–2009</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Projects_completed_2001–2009-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Projects completed 2001–2009 subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Projects_completed_2001–2009-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Auditorium_Niccolò_Paganini_(1997–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auditorium_Niccolò_Paganini_(1997–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Auditorium Niccolò Paganini (1997–2001)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auditorium_Niccolò_Paganini_(1997–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maison_Hermès_(1998–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maison_Hermès_(1998–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Maison Hermès (1998–2001)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maison_Hermès_(1998–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Auditorium_of_the_Parco_della_Musica_(1994–2002)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Auditorium_of_the_Parco_della_Musica_(1994–2002)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Auditorium of the Parco della Musica (1994–2002)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Auditorium_of_the_Parco_della_Musica_(1994–2002)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasher_Sculpture_Center_(1999–2003)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasher_Sculpture_Center_(1999–2003)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Nasher Sculpture Center (1999–2003)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasher_Sculpture_Center_(1999–2003)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zentrum_Paul_Klee_(1999–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zentrum_Paul_Klee_(1999–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Zentrum Paul Klee (1999–2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zentrum_Paul_Klee_(1999–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High_Museum_of_Art_Extension_(1999–2005)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High_Museum_of_Art_Extension_(1999–2005)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>High Museum of Art Extension (1999–2005)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High_Museum_of_Art_Extension_(1999–2005)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morgan_Library_Renovation_and_Extension_(2000–2006)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morgan_Library_Renovation_and_Extension_(2000–2006)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Morgan Library Renovation and Extension (2000–2006)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morgan_Library_Renovation_and_Extension_(2000–2006)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York_Times_Building_(2000–2007)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York_Times_Building_(2000–2007)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>New York Times Building (2000–2007)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York_Times_Building_(2000–2007)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-California_Academy_of_Sciences_renovation_and_extension,_San_Francisco_(2000–2008)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#California_Academy_of_Sciences_renovation_and_extension,_San_Francisco_(2000–2008)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>California Academy of Sciences renovation and extension, San Francisco (2000–2008)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-California_Academy_of_Sciences_renovation_and_extension,_San_Francisco_(2000–2008)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_wing_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_(2000–2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_wing_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_(2000–2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_wing_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_(2000–2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects_completed_2010_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects_completed_2010_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Projects completed 2010 to present</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Projects_completed_2010_to_present-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Projects completed 2010 to present subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Projects_completed_2010_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Shard,_London_(2000–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Shard,_London_(2000–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>The Shard, London (2000–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Shard,_London_(2000–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_Saint_Giles,_London_(2002–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_Saint_Giles,_London_(2002–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_Saint_Giles,_London_(2002–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art_(BCAM_and_Resnick_Pavilion),_Los_Angeles_(2003–2010)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art_(BCAM_and_Resnick_Pavilion),_Los_Angeles_(2003–2010)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM and Resnick Pavilion), Los Angeles (2003–2010)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art_(BCAM_and_Resnick_Pavilion),_Los_Angeles_(2003–2010)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Oslo,_Norway_(2006–2012)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Oslo,_Norway_(2006–2012)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2006–2012)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Oslo,_Norway_(2006–2012)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kimbell_Art_Museum_extension,_Fort_Worth,_Texas_(2007–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kimbell_Art_Museum_extension,_Fort_Worth,_Texas_(2007–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Kimbell Art Museum extension, Fort Worth, Texas (2007–2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kimbell_Art_Museum_extension,_Fort_Worth,_Texas_(2007–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art,_New_York_City_(2007–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art,_New_York_City_(2007–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art,_New_York_City_(2007–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Harvard_Art_Museums,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts_(2008–2014)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Harvard_Art_Museums,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts_(2008–2014)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>The Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008–2014)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Harvard_Art_Museums,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts_(2008–2014)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valletta_City_Gate_and_Parliament_House,_Malta_(2011–2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valletta_City_Gate_and_Parliament_House,_Malta_(2011–2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Valletta City Gate and Parliament House, Malta (2011–2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valletta_City_Gate_and_Parliament_House,_Malta_(2011–2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centro_de_Arte_Botín,_Santander,_Spain_(2012–2017)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centro_de_Arte_Botín,_Santander,_Spain_(2012–2017)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Centro de Arte Botín, Santander, Spain (2012–2017)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centro_de_Arte_Botín,_Santander,_Spain_(2012–2017)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center,_Athens,_Greece_(2016)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center,_Athens,_Greece_(2016)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center,_Athens,_Greece_(2016)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krause_Gateway_Center,_Des_Moines,_Iowa_(2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krause_Gateway_Center,_Des_Moines,_Iowa_(2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.11</span> <span>Krause Gateway Center, Des Moines, Iowa (2019)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krause_Gateway_Center,_Des_Moines,_Iowa_(2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures,_Los_Angeles,_California_(2021)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures,_Los_Angeles,_California_(2021)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.12</span> <span>Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, Los Angeles, California (2021)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures,_Los_Angeles,_California_(2021)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Projects_under_construction_or_in_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projects_under_construction_or_in_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Projects under construction or in development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projects_under_construction_or_in_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Honors and awards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Honors and awards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Honors_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_and_personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_and_personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Professional and personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_and_personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>List of works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Renzo Piano</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 64 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-64" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">64 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="رينزو بيانو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رينزو بيانو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rentso_Piano" title="Rentso Piano – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rentso Piano" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рэнца Піяна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рэнца Піяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Рэнца Піяна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рэнца Піяна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ренцо Пиано – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ренцо Пиано" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%BF_%CE%A0%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Ρέντσο Πιάνο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρέντσο Πιάνο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="رنتسو پیانو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رنتسو پیانو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%8C%EC%B4%88_%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84%EB%85%B8" title="렌초 피아노 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="렌초 피아노" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%B6%D6%81%D5%B8_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8" title="Ռենցո Պիանո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռենցո Պիանո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%95_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%95" title="רנצו פיאנו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רנצו פיאנו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AA%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D" title="რენცო პიანო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რენცო პიანო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ренцо Пиано – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ренцо Пиано" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rentius_Piano" title="Rentius Piano – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rentius Piano" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88" title="رينزو بيانو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رينزو بيانو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ренцо Пиано – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ренцо Пиано" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BE%E3%83%BB%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8E" title="レンゾ・ピアノ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レンゾ・ピアノ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%8B" title="ਰੇਨਜ਼ੋ ਪਿਆਨੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੇਨਜ਼ੋ ਪਿਆਨੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE" title="Пиано, Ренцо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пиано, Ренцо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%B2%DB%86_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86" title="ڕێنزۆ پیانۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕێنزۆ پیانۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ренцо Пјано – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ренцо Пјано" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8B" title="ரென்சோ பியானோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரென்சோ பியானோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%99" title="เรนโซ เปียโน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เรนโซ เปียโน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ренцо Піано – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ренцо Піано" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renzo_Piano" title="Renzo Piano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Renzo Piano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="伦佐·皮亚诺 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伦佐·皮亚诺" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%80%AB%E7%B4%A0%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E5%A5%B4" title="倫素·比亞奴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="倫素·比亞奴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%A6%E4%BD%90%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E4%BA%9A%E8%AF%BA" title="伦佐·皮亚诺 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伦佐·皮亚诺" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian architect (born 1937)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Condense plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-condense" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may have <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Headings_and_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">too many section headers</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help consolidate the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Senator for life</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Renzo Piano</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">OMRI</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Renzo_Piano,_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg/200px-Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg/300px-Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg/400px-Renzo_Piano%2C_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Piano in 2012</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate of the Republic</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Life tenure</a></b></span> <br />30 August 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Appointed by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1937-09-14</span>) </span>14 September 1937<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 87)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Florence" title="University of Florence">University of Florence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Architect</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Architecture Prize</a><br /><a href="/wiki/RIBA_Gold_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="RIBA Gold Medal">RIBA Gold Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a><br /><a href="/wiki/AIA_Gold_Medal" title="AIA Gold Medal">AIA Gold Medal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buildings</th><td class="infobox-data note"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_International_Airport" title="Kansai International Airport">Kansai International Airport</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Parco_della_Musica" title="Parco della Musica">Parco della Musica</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Shard_London_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Shard London Bridge">Shard London Bridge</a><br /><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Building" title="The New York Times Building">The New York Times Building</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Renzo Piano</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">OMRI</a></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈrɛntso<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpjaːno]</a></span>; born 14 September 1937) is an Italian architect. His notable buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a> in Paris (with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, 1977), <a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a> in London (2012), the <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a> in New York City (2015), <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0stanbul_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="İstanbul Modern">İstanbul Modern</a> in Istanbul (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a> in Athens (2016). He won the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Architecture Prize</a> in 1998. </p><p>Piano has been a <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Senator for Life</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Senate">Italian Senate</a> since 2013. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_first_buildings">Early life and first buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and first buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piano was born and raised in <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, Italy,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> into a family of builders. His grandfather had created a masonry enterprise, which had been expanded by his father, Carlo Piano, and his father's three brothers, into the firm Fratelli Piano. The firm prospered after World War II, constructing houses and factories and selling construction materials. When his father retired, the enterprise was led by Renzo's older brother, Ermanno, who studied engineering at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Genoa" title="University of Genoa">University of Genoa</a>. Renzo studied architecture at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florence" title="University of Florence">University of Florence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polytechnic_University_of_Milan" title="Polytechnic University of Milan">Polytechnic University of Milan</a>. He graduated in 1964 with a <a href="/wiki/Dissertation" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissertation">dissertation</a> about modular coordination (<i>coordinazione modulare</i>) supervised by <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Ciribini" title="Giuseppe Ciribini">Giuseppe Ciribini</a><sup id="cite_ref-Bosia-2013_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosia-2013-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began working with experimental lightweight structures and basic shelters.<sup id="cite_ref-Renzo_Piano-2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renzo_Piano-2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piano taught at the Polytechnic University from 1965 until 1968, and expanded his horizons and technical skills by working in two large international firms, for the modernist architect <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a> in Philadelphia and for the Polish engineer Zygmunt Stanisław Makowski in London. He completed his first building, the IPE factory in Genoa, in 1968, with a roof of steel and reinforced polyester, and created a continuous membrane for the covering of a pavilion at the Milan Triennale in the same year. In 1970, he received his first international commission, for the Pavilion of Italian Industry for <a href="/wiki/Expo_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Expo 70">Expo 70</a> in <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan. He collaborated with his brother Ermanno and the family firm, which manufactured the structure. It was lightweight and original composed of steel and reinforced polyester, and it appeared to be simultaneously artistic and industrial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio20169–10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio20169–10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1970 Osaka structure was greatly admired by the British architect <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, and in 1971 the two men decided to open their own firm, Piano and Rogers, where they worked together from 1971 to 1977. The first project of the firm was the administrative building of <a href="/wiki/B%26B_Italia" title="B&B Italia">B&B Italia</a>, an Italian furniture company, in Novedrate, <a href="/wiki/Como,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Como, Italy">Como, Italy</a>. This design featured suspended container and an open bearing structure, with the conduits for heating and water on the exterior painted in bright colors (blue, red and yellow).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These unusual features attracted considerable attention in the architectural world, and influenced the choice of the jurors who selected Piano and Rogers to design the Pompidou Center.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201611_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201611-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Centre_Pompidou_and_early_projects_1973–1977"><span id="The_Centre_Pompidou_and_early_projects_1973.E2.80.931977"></span>The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973–1977</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Centre Pompidou and early projects 1973–1977"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 206px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 204px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_(Paris)_(32113866984).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (1971–1977)"><img alt="Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris (1971–1977)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg/306px-Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg/459px-Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg/611px-Le_centre_Georges_Pompidou_a_40_ans_%28Paris%29_%2832113866984%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5418" data-file-height="3989" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (1971–1977)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MenilCollection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas (1982–1987)"><img alt="The Menil Collection in Houston, Texas (1982–1987)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MenilCollection.jpg/300px-MenilCollection.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MenilCollection.jpg/451px-MenilCollection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/MenilCollection.jpg/600px-MenilCollection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Menil_Collection" title="Menil Collection">Menil Collection</a> in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas (1982–1987)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunscreens of the Menil Collection (1982–1987)"><img alt="Sunscreens of the Menil Collection (1982–1987)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg/300px-Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg/451px-Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg/600px-Houston_Menil_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sunscreens of the <a href="/wiki/Menil_Collection" title="Menil Collection">Menil Collection</a> (1982–1987)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano;_Porto_Antico_Genoa_(5700585868).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Biosphere in the Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001)"><img alt="The Biosphere in the Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg/338px-La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg/507px-La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg/675px-La_Bolla_di_Renzo_Piano%3B_Porto_Antico_Genoa_%285700585868%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Biosphere in the Old Port of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> (1985–2001)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aquarium of Genoa (1992)"><img alt="Aquarium of Genoa (1992)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg/338px-Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg/507px-Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg/675px-Aquarium_of_Genoa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aquarium_of_Genoa" title="Aquarium of Genoa">Aquarium of Genoa</a> (1992)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_(5673140725).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giant "Crane" in the Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001)"><img alt="Giant "Crane" in the Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg/318px-Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="212" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg/478px-Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg/637px-Bigo_by_Renzo_Piano_at_Genoa_Harbor_%285673140725%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="2574" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Giant "Crane" in the Old Port of <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a> (1985–2001)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_(Turin)_(2861118854).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Agnelli art museum atop the Lingotto Factory in Turin (2003)"><img alt="The Agnelli art museum atop the Lingotto Factory in Turin (2003)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg/300px-La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg/451px-La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg/600px-La_Pinacoth%C3%A8que_Giovanni_et_Marella_Agnelli_au_Lingotto_%28Turin%29_%282861118854%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Agnelli art museum atop the Lingotto Factory in Turin (2003)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centre_Pompidou_(1973–1977)"><span id="Centre_Pompidou_.281973.E2.80.931977.29"></span>Centre Pompidou (1973–1977)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Centre Pompidou (1973–1977)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1971 the thirty-four-year old Piano and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>, thirty-eight, in collaboration with the Italian architect <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Franchini" title="Gianfranco Franchini">Gianfranco Franchini</a>, competed with the major architectural firms in the United States and Europe, and were awarded the commission for the most prestigious project in Paris, the new French national museum of 20th century art to be located in <a href="/wiki/Beaubourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaubourg">Beaubourg</a>. The award came a surprise, to the architectural world, since the two were little-known, and had no experience with museums or other major structures. <i>The New York Times</i> declared that their design "turned the architecture world upside down".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More literally it turned architecture inside-out, since in the new museum, the apparent structural frame of the building and the heating and air conditioning ducts were on the exterior, painted in bright colors. The escalator, in a transparent tube, crossed the facade of the building at a diagonal. The building was an astonishing success, entirely transforming the character of a run-down commercial section near the Marais in Paris, and made Piano one of the best-known architects in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201623_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201623-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The media dubbed the style of the building as "high-tech", but this was later disputed by Piano. "Beaubourg," he said, "was a joyous urban machine, a creature which might have come out of a Jules Verne novel, a sort of bizarre boat in dry dock... It is a double provocation; a challenge to academism, but also a parody of the imagery of technology of our time. To consider it as a high-tech object is a mistake."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201612_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201612-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menil_Collection_(1981–1987)"><span id="Menil_Collection_.281981.E2.80.931987.29"></span>Menil Collection (1981–1987)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Menil Collection (1981–1987)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1977 Piano ended his collaboration with Rogers and began a new collaboration with engineer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rice" title="Peter Rice">Peter Rice</a>, who had assisted in the design of the Pompidou Center.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They established their offices in Genoa. One of their first projects was a plan for the rehabilitation of the old port of <a href="/wiki/Otranto" title="Otranto">Otranto</a> from an industrial site into a commercial and tourist attraction (1977). Their first major building was the <a href="/wiki/Menil_Collection" title="Menil Collection">Menil Collection</a>, an art museum for the art collector <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Menil" title="Dominique de Menil">Dominique de Menil</a>. The chief requirements of the owner for this building was to make the maximum use of natural light in the interiors. Piano wrote, "Paradoxically, the Menil Collection, with its serenity, its calm, its discretion, is much more modern, scientifically speaking, than the Beaubourg."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201612_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201612-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Menil Collection building, with its simple gray and white cubic forms, is the stylistic opposite of the Pompidou Center. The technological innovations were not expressed on the facade, but in the high-tech but discreet systems of shutters and screens and air conditioning which allowed maximum illumination while protecting against the intense Texas heat and sunlight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201625–27_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201625–27-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Port_of_Genoa_(1985–2001)_and_Lingotto_Factory_in_Turin_(1983–2003)"><span id="Old_Port_of_Genoa_.281985.E2.80.932001.29_and_Lingotto_Factory_in_Turin_.281983.E2.80.932003.29"></span>Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001) and Lingotto Factory in Turin (1983–2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Old Port of Genoa (1985–2001) and Lingotto Factory in Turin (1983–2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1980s Piano and his firm took on a wide variety of projects, using the most advanced technology available, but, in contrast to the Pompidou Center, as discreetly as possible. His portable pavilion for IBM (1983–1986) was an example; designed with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rice" title="Peter Rice">Peter Rice</a>, of a lightweight portable tunnel for expositions. It composed of a series of pyramids of polycarbonate supported by a wooden frame, and could be transported in a truck. It was designed to integrate the scenery outside into displays in the interior. He designed two major reconstruction projects in northern Italy; the reanimation of the old port of his native city, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, and the conversion and modernization of the gigantic and historic <a href="/wiki/Fiat" title="Fiat">Fiat</a> factory in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy. For the Fiat <a href="/wiki/Lingotto" title="Lingotto">Lingotto</a> factory, he preserved the enormous main structure, including its famous oval test track for automobiles on the roof, but added new structures, including a concert hall beneath the building, a heliport, and a glass domed conference center on the roof. He continued his modifications and additions over two decades; without destroying the historic core of the building. The most recent was a museum for the art collection of the Fiat head <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Agnelli" title="Giovanni Agnelli">Giovanni Agnelli</a> in an elegant glass and steel box perched on the roof, as if it were about to take off; it was nicknamed the "Flying bank vault".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201631_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201631-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piano also carried out a large program for revitalization of the old port of Genoa to transform it from a rundown industrial area into a cultural center and tourist attraction. He prolonged streets to give access to the port, transformed old port buildings into cultural and commercial buildings, added a library, an <a href="/wiki/Aquarium_of_Genoa" title="Aquarium of Genoa">aquarium</a> and an auditorium, a botanical garden in glass dome and a giant multi-armed crane, modeled after the old cranes of the port, which hoists visitors high in the air for a view of the port.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201629_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201629-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, he designed the new headquarters of his firm, the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (1989–1991), on a series of stepped terraces hanging over the Mediterranean to the west of the city. The building is accessed by an eight-passenger funicular railway car which shuttles up and down the hillside. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paris_"The_Whale"_Commercial_Mall_Bercy_2_(1990)"><span id="Paris_.22The_Whale.22_Commercial_Mall_Bercy_2_.281990.29"></span>Paris "The Whale" Commercial Mall Bercy 2 (1990)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Paris "The Whale" Commercial Mall Bercy 2 (1990)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"The Whale" Bercy 2 is a shopping mall with 70 stores and 36,000 m2 located in Paris <a href="/wiki/Charenton-le-Pont" title="Charenton-le-Pont">Charenton</a>, along the bankside of the river Seine and the "Périphérique" ring road. </p><p>Inaugurated on 24 April 1990, the building is only the third work by the architect after the Centre Pompidou. The cyclopean wooden structure, covered with 27,000 satin stainless steel tiles and pierced with oculus to let an overhead light pass, is completely innovative. Its curvature which follows the turn of a ramp on the ring road evokes a large airship, hence the nicknames "The Zeppelin" or "The Whale". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects_completed_1991–2000"><span id="Projects_completed_1991.E2.80.932000"></span>Projects completed 1991–2000</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Projects completed 1991–2000"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 256px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 254px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Finnair_MD-11_(OH-LGF)_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (1991–1994)"><img alt="Kansai International Airport, Osaka, Japan (1991–1994)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg/381px-Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg/572px-Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg/762px-Finnair_MD-11_%28OH-LGF%29_taxiing_at_Kansai_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="551" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kansai_International_Airport,_Osaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansai International Airport, Osaka">Kansai International Airport, Osaka</a>, Japan (1991–1994)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kansai Airport interior (1991–1994)"><img alt="Kansai Airport interior (1991–1994)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg/338px-Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg/507px-Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg/675px-Kansai_International_Airport03s3s4410.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4410" data-file-height="2940" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kansai Airport interior (1991–1994)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nemo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nemo Science Centre in Amsterdam (1997)"><img alt="Nemo Science Centre in Amsterdam (1997)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nemo.jpg/300px-Nemo.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nemo.jpg/451px-Nemo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Nemo.jpg/600px-Nemo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/NEMO_(museum)" title="NEMO (museum)">Nemo Science Centre</a> in Amsterdam (1997)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 248.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 246.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fondation Beyeler, in Basel, Switzerland (1991–1997)"><img alt="Fondation Beyeler, in Basel, Switzerland (1991–1997)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg/370px-Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg" decoding="async" width="247" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg/555px-Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg/739px-Riehen_-_Fondation_Beyeler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7060" data-file-height="4300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fondation_Beyeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fondation Beyeler">Fondation Beyeler</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland (1991–1997)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 112.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 110.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing by Piano for the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre (1991–1998)"><img alt="Drawing by Piano for the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre (1991–1998)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg/166px-Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg" decoding="async" width="111" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg/250px-Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg/332px-Drawing_by_Renzo_Piano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="517" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing by Piano for the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre" title="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre">Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre</a> (1991–1998)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 253.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Egrant-190-91.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Nouméa, New Caledonia (1991–1998)"><img alt="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre in Nouméa, New Caledonia (1991–1998)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Egrant-190-91.jpg/380px-Egrant-190-91.jpg" decoding="async" width="254" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Egrant-190-91.jpg/571px-Egrant-190-91.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Egrant-190-91.jpg/760px-Egrant-190-91.jpg 2x" data-file-width="928" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre" title="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre">Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a,_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouméa, New Caledonia">Nouméa, New Caledonia</a> (1991–1998)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_(Berlin)_(9618439509).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Potsdamer Platz Berlin project (Piano buildings on right)"><img alt="Potsdamer Platz Berlin project (Piano buildings on right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg/168px-Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg/252px-Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg/336px-Immeubles_de_la_Potsdamer_Platz_%28Berlin%29_%289618439509%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="1009" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Potsdamer_Platz" title="Potsdamer Platz">Potsdamer Platz</a> Berlin project (Piano buildings on right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers tower on Potsdamer Platz (1992–2000)"><img alt="PricewaterhouseCoopers tower on Potsdamer Platz (1992–2000)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg/150px-PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg/225px-PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg/300px-PricewaterhouseCoopers_Berlin_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2899" data-file-height="4350" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">PricewaterhouseCoopers tower on <a href="/wiki/Potsdamer_Platz" title="Potsdamer Platz">Potsdamer Platz</a> (1992–2000)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RBS_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aurora Place in Sydney (1996–2000)"><img alt="Aurora Place in Sydney (1996–2000)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/RBS_Tower.jpg/114px-RBS_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="76" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/RBS_Tower.jpg/172px-RBS_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/RBS_Tower.jpg/229px-RBS_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="2214" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Place" title="Aurora Place">Aurora Place</a> in Sydney (1996–2000)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pacific_Jewel,_Fremantle,_2015_(01).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Crown Class Cruise Ships 1989-1991"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG/337px-Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG/507px-Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG/675px-Pacific_Jewel%2C_Fremantle%2C_2015_%2801%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2520" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crown Class Cruise Ships 1989-1991</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crown_Class_Cruise_Ships_(1989–1991)"><span id="Crown_Class_Cruise_Ships_.281989.E2.80.931991.29"></span>Crown Class Cruise Ships (1989–1991)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Crown Class Cruise Ships (1989–1991)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-1980s <a href="/wiki/Sitmar_Cruises" title="Sitmar Cruises">Sitmar Cruises</a> began a rigorous building schedule for the North American market. At the time one ship the <a href="/wiki/MV_Columbus" title="MV Columbus">Sitmar Fairmajesty</a> was ordered for French shipyard Chantiers de l'Atlantique. The Italian government through Fincantieri would desire for the next Sitmar ships to be built in Italy. Piano was commissioned to design the ships. Piano designed the exterior of the ships to resemble a dolphin.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Karnika" title="Karnika">Crown Princess</a> was delivered to <a href="/wiki/Princess_Cruises" title="Princess Cruises">Princess Cruises</a> in 1990 and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Dawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Dawn">Regal Princess</a> followed a year later in 1991. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kansai_International_Airport_(1991–1994)"><span id="Kansai_International_Airport_.281991.E2.80.931994.29"></span>Kansai International Airport (1991–1994)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Kansai International Airport (1991–1994)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1988 Piano and Rice won an international competition for a new airport to be constructed on an artificial island in the port of <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, Japan. The main terminal he designed was extremely long (1.7 kilometres [1.1 mi]), with a very low profile, so that the controllers in the control tower could always see the aircraft on the runways. The frequent earthquakes in the Japanese islands required special building techniques; the structure is mounted on hydraulic joints which adjust to movements of the earth. The long, curving roof is covered with 82,000 panels of stainless steel, which reflect the sunlight, and is supported by arches 83 metres (272 ft) long, which give a feeling of openness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201633_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201633-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fondation_Beyeler_(1991–1997)"><span id="Fondation_Beyeler_.281991.E2.80.931997.29"></span>Fondation Beyeler (1991–1997)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fondation Beyeler (1991–1997)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Fondation_Beyeler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fondation Beyeler">Fondation Beyeler</a> is a private art museum in <a href="/wiki/Riehen" title="Riehen">Riehen</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a>, Switzerland, built for the art collection of Ernst Beyeler. Although it opened in the same year as the <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Bilbao" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Bilbao">Guggenheim Bilbao</a> of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a>, in spirit it was exactly the opposite. It was designed, at the request of the founder, to inspire tranquility, with white walls, light-colored wooden floors, and natural light. The wall separating the museum from the neighboring road constructed of <a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">porphyry</a> stone from <a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a>. also used in different parts of the Museum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201647_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201647-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre,_Noumea,_New_Caledonia_(1991–1998)"><span id="Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre.2C_Noumea.2C_New_Caledonia_.281991.E2.80.931998.29"></span>Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, Noumea, New Caledonia (1991–1998)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, Noumea, New Caledonia (1991–1998)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Tjibaou_Cultural_Centre" title="Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre">Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Noum%C3%A9a,_New_Caledonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouméa, New Caledonia">Nouméa, New Caledonia</a> (1991–1998), is among the most unusual of Piano's works. A joint project between <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a> and the French government, it is designed to display the culture of the <a href="/wiki/Kanak_people" title="Kanak people">Kanak</a> people. The project uses a combination of traditional and modern material; local wood, along with glass and aluminum. The complex is located on a narrow peninsula in a lagoon with prevailing winds. Piano designed a series of curved wooden screens, from 9 to 28 metres (30 to 92 ft) high, to protect the exposition structures, then three "villages" of structures; one for welcome and exhibitions space; one for an auditorium and media center; and one for service functions. The curving wooden pavilions, inspired in form by the local architecture, have a double wooden skin to protect against the weather, but also let in the sunlight. While it is devoted to the local culture, some of the buildings, particularly the towering reception center, with curving walls and wooden spires, are strikingly post-modern in form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201641-43_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201641-43-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His other projects begun in the 1990s included the New Metropolis Museum in Amsterdam, which later became the science museum and technology <a href="/wiki/NEMO_(museum)" title="NEMO (museum)">NEMO</a> (1992–1997), placed on the edge of the harbor, and resembling the hull of an enormous ship; the <a href="/wiki/Parco_della_Musica" title="Parco della Musica">Parco della Musica</a>, a complex of music performance halls in Rome (1994–2002), Each was entirely different from the others, and in this period it was difficult to discern a specific element that or style defined his architecture, other than careful craftsmanship and attention to detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETaschen2016508-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Potsdamer_Platz,_Berlin_(1992–2000)"><span id="Potsdamer_Platz.2C_Berlin_.281992.E2.80.932000.29"></span>Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (1992–2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (1992–2000)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Potsdamer_Platz" title="Potsdamer Platz">Potsdamer Platz</a> is a historic triangle in the heart of Berlin Germany, which had been largely destroyed during World War II, and then divided by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a> between East and West Berlin. When a major reconstruction was commenced in 1990, Piano was selected to design the new buildings on five of the fifteen sites of the project, with the requirement that the buildings have roofs of copper, and facades of clear glass and materials of a baked earth color. Other architects engaged in the enormous project included <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Moneo" title="Rafael Moneo">Rafael Moneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arata_Isozaki" title="Arata Isozaki">Arata Isozaki</a>, and his former partner, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a>. The centerpiece of Piano's part of the project was the Debis building, composed of four different buildings of different sizes but in the same style. Distinctive elements include an atrium 28 metres (92 ft) high, and a 21-story tower whose east, south and west facades are covered with double walls of glass separated by 28 cm (11 in), which reduced the need for air conditioning and heating. The complex also included an <a href="/wiki/IMAX" title="IMAX">IMAX</a> movie theater, restaurant and shops. The 36-metre (118 ft) dome of the IMAX theater was visible from a distance and also from the street, through the clear glass of the facade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201645_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201645-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piano wrote in <i>The Disobedience of the Architect</i> (2004) that he tried to match his architecture to the personality of a city. "The Berliners are accustomed to living outdoors, and to a certain form of conviviality." The new Potsdamer Platz was designed to capture the Berliner's "sense of gaiety, their sense of humor....Why should a city be demoralizing? The beautiful thing about a city is that it is a place of meetings and surprises."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPiano200983_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPiano200983-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurora_Place,_Sydney,_Australia_(1996–2000)"><span id="Aurora_Place.2C_Sydney.2C_Australia_.281996.E2.80.932000.29"></span>Aurora Place, Sydney, Australia (1996–2000)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Aurora Place, Sydney, Australia (1996–2000)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Place" title="Aurora Place">Aurora Place</a> in Sydney, Australia (1996–2009) is composed of two towers, an eighteen-story residential building next to a forty-one story office building with different facades but similar metal and glass sunscreens on the roofs. The lower tower was an early example of the luxury high-rise residential buildings by star architects in the center large cities which became very popular in the early 21st century. The office tower has a discreetly peculiar form; the east façade bulges out slightly from its base, reaching its maximum width at the top floors. The curved and twisted shape of east the façade echoes that of the Sydney Opera House on the harbor. The exterior glass curtain-wall extends beyond the main frame, creating an illusion that the wall is independent of the building. of its Glass shutters on the exterior can be opened for ventilation, and Piano designed an exterior skin combining glass and ceramics to regulate the intensity of the sunlight. The office building has interior winter gardens on each floor, and earth-colored ceramic tiles give a dash of color to the facade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201655_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201655-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects_completed_2001–2009"><span id="Projects_completed_2001.E2.80.932009"></span>Projects completed 2001–2009</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Projects completed 2001–2009"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 88.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 86.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maison Hermès in Ginza, Tokyo, Japan (1998–2001)"><img alt="Maison Hermès in Ginza, Tokyo, Japan (1998–2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg/130px-2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg/196px-2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg/261px-2018_Hermes_Ginza_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1161" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maison_Herm%C3%A8s" title="Maison Hermès">Maison Hermès</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ginza,_Tokyo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginza, Tokyo">Ginza, Tokyo</a>, Japan (1998–2001)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica,_Roma,_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Auditorium of the Parco della Musica, Rome (1994–2002)"><img alt="Auditorium of the Parco della Musica, Rome (1994–2002)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg/300px-Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg/451px-Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/04/Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg/600px-Auditorium_Parco_della_Musica%2C_Roma%2C_terrazza_in_rosso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Auditorium of the <a href="/wiki/Parco_della_Musica,_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="Parco della Musica, Rome">Parco della Musica, Rome</a> (1994–2002)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, Texas (1999–2003)"><img alt="Nasher Sculpture Center in Dallas, Texas (1999–2003)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg/300px-Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg/451px-Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg/600px-Nasher_Sculpture_Center_Dallas_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nasher_Sculpture_Center" title="Nasher Sculpture Center">Nasher Sculpture Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas (1999–2003)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo,_Province_of_Foggia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina"><img alt="Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/300px-71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/451px-71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/600px-71013_San_Giovanni_Rotondo%2C_Province_of_Foggia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Saint_Pio_of_Pietrelcina" title="Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina">Sanctuary of Saint Pio of Pietrelcina</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zentrum Paul Klee in Bern, Switzerland (1999–2005)"><img alt="Zentrum Paul Klee in Bern, Switzerland (1999–2005)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg/338px-Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg/507px-Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg/675px-Paul-klee-zentrum-ansicht-zoom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="709" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zentrum_Paul_Klee" title="Zentrum Paul Klee">Zentrum Paul Klee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland (1999–2005)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Extension of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta (1999–2005)"><img alt="Extension of the High Museum of Art in Atlanta (1999–2005)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg/334px-Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg/501px-Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg/667px-Midtown_Excursion_020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Extension of the <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a> in Atlanta (1999–2005)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Extension to the Morgan Library in New York City (2000–2006)"><img alt="Extension to the Morgan Library in New York City (2000–2006)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg/150px-Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg/225px-Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg/300px-Interior-Morgan_Library-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4912" data-file-height="7360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Extension to the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library">Morgan Library</a> in New York City (2000–2006)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 94px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 92px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_york_times_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The New York Times Building in New York City (2000–2007)"><img alt="The New York Times Building in New York City (2000–2007)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/New_york_times_building.jpg/138px-New_york_times_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/New_york_times_building.jpg/207px-New_york_times_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/New_york_times_building.jpg/275px-New_york_times_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2920" data-file-height="4768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Building">New York Times Building</a> in New York City (2000–2007)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_(20449900470).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco (2000–2008)"><img alt="California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco (2000–2008)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg/400px-California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg/601px-California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg/800px-California-06239_-_California_Academy_of_Sciences_%2820449900470%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a> in San Francisco (2000–2008)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Wing,_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)"><img alt="Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg/338px-Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg/507px-Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg/675px-Modern_Wing%2C_Second_Level_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern wing of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a> (2000–2009)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auditorium_Niccolò_Paganini_(1997–2001)"><span id="Auditorium_Niccol.C3.B2_Paganini_.281997.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Auditorium Niccolò Paganini (1997–2001)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Auditorium Niccolò Paganini (1997–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Auditorium Niccolò Paganini is a concert hall constructed inside a former sugar mill in the historic center of the city of <a href="/wiki/Parma,_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Parma, Italy">Parma, Italy</a>. The theater has 780 seats placed on a slope for maximum visibility of the stage. Piano retained the original exterior walls of the main building, but removed the transversal interior walls and replaced them with glass walls, so the entire interior is visible from the outside, and those inside can see the park outside the theater.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201649_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201649-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maison_Hermès_(1998–2001)"><span id="Maison_Herm.C3.A8s_.281998.E2.80.932001.29"></span>Maison Hermès (1998–2001)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Maison Hermès (1998–2001)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Maison Hermès in the Ginza commercial district of Tokyo is the flagship store in Japan of the French luxury brand. The building is ten stories high, with three floors underground, and includes space for expositions and for a small museum on the history of the firm. The building is highly geometrical; precisely 44.55 metres (146.2 ft) high, with a facade composed of 13,000 pieces of glass each exactly 45 by 45 centimetres (18 by 18 in). The panels of glass were made in Florence, Italy, and placed in supports made in Switzerland, for assembly in Japan. Each piece of the facade is designed to be able to move <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>four millimetres (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">16</span></span> in) to resist earthquakes. When illuminated a night, the building is intended to resemble a "magic lantern".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201651_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201651-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Auditorium_of_the_Parco_della_Musica_(1994–2002)"><span id="Auditorium_of_the_Parco_della_Musica_.281994.E2.80.932002.29"></span>Auditorium of the Parco della Musica (1994–2002)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Auditorium of the Parco della Musica (1994–2002)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Parco_della_Musica" title="Parco della Musica">Parco della Musica</a> is the complex of music venues located in the Rome neighborhood which hosted the 1960 <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a>. The park has three theaters, the largest with 2800 seats; when completed it was the largest symphonic concert hall in Europe. Piano acknowledged that his inspiration for the interior plan was the vineyard style seating, placed around the orchestra, of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Philharmonic" title="Berlin Philharmonic">Berlin Philharmonic</a> by Hans Sharon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201653_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201653-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three brick concert halls covered with what New York Times critic Sam Lubell described as "weathered armadillo-like steel shells," which looked forbidding in photographs but in person were "lovely"; and noted that the theaters "inside are heavy with wood, fabrics, and typical Piano elegance." He called the whole complex "deceptively simple but smart.".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasher_Sculpture_Center_(1999–2003)"><span id="Nasher_Sculpture_Center_.281999.E2.80.932003.29"></span>Nasher Sculpture Center (1999–2003)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Nasher Sculpture Center (1999–2003)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the first decade of the 21st century, a wave of new art museums or museum wings were built to house the collections of wealthy art patrons. Piano, who had been building art museums since 1977, was one of the most active and creative designers of these new buildings; though the requirements and the collections were often similar, he usually succeeded in giving each museum a distinct look and personality. The <a href="/wiki/Nasher_Sculpture_Center" title="Nasher Sculpture Center">Nasher Sculpture Center</a> in Dallas, Texas, was funded with 60 million dollars by Raymond Nasher, who had made a fortune in developing shopping centers, to display his collection of modern sculpture, which includes works by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Matisse" title="Henri Matisse">Henri Matisse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a>. The building is very simple in form, like his early Menil Collection in Houston, Texas, and does not distract from the sculptures within; six walls of <a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">travertine</a> marble with a glass ceiling that filters the light define five long galleries, while outside a sunken sculpture garden is placed four to five metres (13 to 16 ft) below the street level, away sheltered from noise giving the appearance of an overgrown archeological excavation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201657_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201657-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zentrum_Paul_Klee_(1999–2005)"><span id="Zentrum_Paul_Klee_.281999.E2.80.932005.29"></span>Zentrum Paul Klee (1999–2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Zentrum Paul Klee (1999–2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Zentrum_Paul_Klee" title="Zentrum Paul Klee">Zentrum Paul Klee</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland (1999–2005), continued his series of art museums each very different from the others. It was designed in large part to protect the fragile drawings of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a> from sunlight. It housed in a series galleries resembling rolling hills in the Swiss countryside. Piano explained that the shape of the galleries was inspired by naval architecture and the hulls of ships, which were adapted to the form of waves as his building was adapted to the landscape.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201659_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201659-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High_Museum_of_Art_Extension_(1999–2005)"><span id="High_Museum_of_Art_Extension_.281999.E2.80.932005.29"></span>High Museum of Art Extension (1999–2005)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: High Museum of Art Extension (1999–2005)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original building of the <a href="/wiki/High_Museum_of_Art" title="High Museum of Art">High Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, Georgia, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Meier" title="Richard Meier">Richard Meier</a>, and inspired by the form of the <a href="/wiki/Guggenheim_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Guggenheim Museum">Guggenheim Museum</a> in New York City of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, opened in 1983. Piano's project added four new structures; a pavilion for exhibitions, a gallery for special collections, a building for offices, and a residence hall for the Atlanta College Of Art, creating 16,000 m<sup>2</sup> (170,000 sq ft) of additional space. Both the new building and the original building are a gleaming white. A glass bridge with two levels connects the main pavilion with the original part of the museum. The careful management of external light is a particular feature of Piano's buildings; the High Museum Extension rows of curving fan-shaped panels on the facade and on the interior ceiling with filter the sunlight. From the parvis on the outside, the white facade gives the impression that the building has no weight at all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201661_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201661-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morgan_Library_Renovation_and_Extension_(2000–2006)"><span id="Morgan_Library_Renovation_and_Extension_.282000.E2.80.932006.29"></span>Morgan Library Renovation and Extension (2000–2006)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Morgan Library Renovation and Extension (2000–2006)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The extension of the <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Morgan Library">Morgan Library</a> in New York City is next to the original library, a monument of <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts architecture</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/McKim,_Meade_and_White" class="mw-redirect" title="McKim, Meade and White">McKim, Meade and White</a> (1903), which had been expanded several times. Piano extensively renovated the existing structures and a built a new building the same height as the historic building, with a simple rectangular facade that complemented it. He also added a five-metre (16 ft) cube as a small exhibit space, an underground auditorium with 199 seats, and a glass-walled atrium which united all the parts, old and new. The architecture critic of the <i>New York Times</i>, Nicolai Ouroussoff, wrote, "the result is a space with the weight of history and the lightness of clouds...a sublime expression of the architect's preoccupation with light."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York_Times_Building_(2000–2007)"><span id="New_York_Times_Building_.282000.E2.80.932007.29"></span>New York Times Building (2000–2007)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: New York Times Building (2000–2007)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piano's design for the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Building">New York Times Building</a> was chosen after competition whose entrants included projects by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Foster">Norman Foster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cesar_Pelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Cesar Pelli">Cesar Pelli</a>. The competition rules asked for a building that be as open and transparent as possible, to symbolize the connection between the newspaper and the city. The first six floors are occupied by an atrium with restaurants, shops and a conference center. The distinctive Piano feature of the tower is the clear glass curtain wall outside the facade, and rising higher than the facade itself. The curtain is composed of clear glass and a frame of ceramic tubes suspended 61 cm (24 in) from the facade; it serves as a sunscreen, eliminating the need for tinted or <a href="/wiki/Sintered" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintered">sintered</a> glass.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201665_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201665-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="California_Academy_of_Sciences_renovation_and_extension,_San_Francisco_(2000–2008)"><span id="California_Academy_of_Sciences_renovation_and_extension.2C_San_Francisco_.282000.E2.80.932008.29"></span>California Academy of Sciences renovation and extension, San Francisco (2000–2008)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: California Academy of Sciences renovation and extension, San Francisco (2000–2008)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1989, after their old museum buildings were damaged by an earthquake, the trustees of the <a href="/wiki/California_Academy_of_Sciences" title="California Academy of Sciences">California Academy of Sciences</a> decided to rebuild their entire complex of twelve buildings, including an aquarium, planetarium, and a museum of Natural History, located in Golden Gate Park in San Francisco. Piano's plan called for "a group of volumes under a single roof, a little like a village." The roof itself, 1.5 hectares in area, was covered with vegetation, and blends with the surrounding park. The facade of the building also harmonizes smoothly with the nearby turn-of-the-century greenhouse that is a landmark of the Park. Three cupolas resemble shallow hills across the roof, pierced by round portholes to admit natural light; they contain the entry hall, a botanical garden, and a planetarium.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201667–69_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201667–69-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Piano's design for the new building was described by the <i>New York Times</i> as a "comforting reminder of the civilizing function of great art in a barbaric age".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_wing_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_(2000–2009)"><span id="Modern_wing_of_the_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_.282000.E2.80.932009.29"></span>Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Modern wing of the Art Institute of Chicago (2000–2009)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000 the City of Chicago launched a major program of cultural buildings in <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Park" title="Millennium Park">Millennium Park</a> with a new concert hall by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> and a new wing of the beaux-arts building <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>. With its construction of glass, steel and white stone, the new wing is carefully harmonized with the old structure, and, like his other art museums, makes maximum use of natural light. A horizontal sunscreen on the roof, nicknamed the "flying carpet", is a graceful update of his rooftop art museum on the Lingotto factory in Turin. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201671_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201671-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also designed a minimalist 620-foot (190 m) steel bridge connecting the sculpture terrace of the museum to Millennium Park.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nikolai Ouroussof, critic of the <i>New York Times</i>, noted that some aspects of the building recalled the work of <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe" title="Ludwig Mies van der Rohe">Ludwig Mies van der Rohe</a>, who had made much of his career in Chicago. "The taut forms and refined details, the elevation of an industrial aesthetic to an art form all are hallmarks of Mies's work." But he noted particularly Piano's masterful control of light within the building: "...it is the light that most people will notice.... The glass roof of the top-floor galleries is supported on delicate steel trusses. Rows of white blades rest on top of the trusses to filter out strong southern light; thin fabric panels soften the view from below... On a clear afternoon you can catch faint glimpses through the structural frame of clouds drifting by overhead. But most of the time the art takes center stage, everything else fading quietly into the background It is this obsessive refinement that raises Mr. Piano's best architecture to the level of art."<sup id="cite_ref-Ouroussof,_Nicolai-2009_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ouroussof,_Nicolai-2009-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects_completed_2010_to_present">Projects completed 2010 to present</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Projects completed 2010 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_St_Giles_development.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Saint Giles, London, under construction (2002–2010)"><img alt="Central Saint Giles, London, under construction (2002–2010)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/New_St_Giles_development.jpg/175px-New_St_Giles_development.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/New_St_Giles_development.jpg/262px-New_St_Giles_development.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/New_St_Giles_development.jpg/349px-New_St_Giles_development.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="882" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a>, London, under construction (2002–2010)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010)"><img alt="Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg/300px-CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg/451px-CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg/600px-CentralSaintGiles-London-RenzoPiano-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a>, London (2002–2010)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 226px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 224px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LACMA.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM), Los Angeles, California (2003–2010)"><img alt="The Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM), Los Angeles, California (2003–2010)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LACMA.JPG/336px-LACMA.JPG" decoding="async" width="224" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LACMA.JPG/505px-LACMA.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/LACMA.JPG/672px-LACMA.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a> (BCAM), Los Angeles, California (2003–2010)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 76.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 74.666666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Shard, London, UK (2012)"><img alt="The Shard, London, UK (2012)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg/112px-The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg/168px-The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg/224px-The_Shard_from_the_Sky_Garden_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="10986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a>, London, UK (2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 276px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 274px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2010–2013)"><img alt="The Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2010–2013)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg/411px-Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg" decoding="async" width="274" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg/618px-Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg/822px-Astrup_Fearnley_Museet_og_skulpturparken_sett_fra_sj%C3%B8en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5626" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art">Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art</a>, Oslo, Norway (2010–2013)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 247.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 245.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parliament_House_(Malta).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parliament House in Valletta, Malta (2011–2015)"><img alt="Parliament House in Valletta, Malta (2011–2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg/368px-Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="246" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg/552px-Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg/735px-Parliament_House_%28Malta%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1254" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House_(Malta)" title="Parliament House (Malta)">Parliament House</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta (2011–2015)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_(49051573133).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)"><img alt="Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg/225px-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg/338px-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg/450px-Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art_%2849051573133%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2508" data-file-height="2508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>, New York City (2007–2015)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)"><img alt="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg/338px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg/507px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg/675px-Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5293" data-file-height="3529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center,_Athens" class="mw-redirect" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens</a>, Greece (2016) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Shard,_London_(2000–2010)"><span id="The_Shard.2C_London_.282000.E2.80.932010.29"></span>The Shard, London (2000–2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: The Shard, London (2000–2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Shard" title="The Shard">The Shard</a>, built over the underground station of <a href="/wiki/London_Bridge_station" title="London Bridge station">London Bridge</a>, is sixty-six stories and 305 metres (1,000 ft) high, which made it, when completed in 2012, the tallest skyscraper in Europe. Inside, it contains luxury residences and a hotel, along with offices, shops, restaurants, and cultural centers. It has a wide base and a split pinnacle point which seems to disappear into the clouds, like, as Piano described it, "a bell tower of the 16th century, or the mast of great ship...Often buildings of great height are aggressive and arrogant symbols of power and egoism," but the Shard is designed "to express its sharp and light presence in the urban panorama of London."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201679_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201679-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like his other tall buildings, the glass sunscreen on the exterior extends slightly above the building itself, appearing to split apart at the top. The critical reaction to the tower was predictably mixed. <a href="/wiki/Simon_Jenkins" title="Simon Jenkins">Simon Jenkins</a> of the <i>Guardian</i> of London saw it as a foreign attack on the traditional London skyline and monuments: "This tower is anarchy. It conforms to no planning policy. It marks no architectural focus or rond-point. It offers no civic forum or function, just luxury flats and hotels. It stands apart from the City cluster and pays no heed to its surrounding context in scale, materials or ground presence. It seems to have lost its way from Dubai to Canary Wharf... The Shard has slashed the face of London for ever."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Jonathan Glancy in the London <i>Telegraph</i> defended Piano's building: "The criticism – hurled against Piano like the spears of Ancient Britons fighting the civilised Romans – is, I think, a bottled up attack on our low standards of design and the beetle-browed politics that have allowed so many poor tall buildings to have been rushed up around St Paul's. The Shard, whatever its flaws – and all its many floors – is a much better building than most of the flakes below it."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_Saint_Giles,_London_(2002–2010)"><span id="Central_Saint_Giles.2C_London_.282002.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Central Saint Giles, London (2002–2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Central_Saint_Giles" title="Central Saint Giles">Central Saint Giles</a> between St Giles High Street and New Oxford Street in London (2002–2010) is a complex composed of 56 luxury apartments, 53 social rented apartments, and 37,000 m<sup>2</sup> (400,000 sq ft) of office around a public square with retail and food outlets, covering 7,000 m<sup>2</sup> (75,000 sq ft). The site was previously occupied by a Ministry of Defence building and is partially on the site of a medieval <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a>, St Giles Hospital. A block 109 flats rises 11 floors and is set alongside offices rising to 11 floors to the east. A distinctive element is strident solid color which is designed not to mellow with time; the buildings are covered with large kiln-fired ceramic panels glazed leaf green, orange, lime green, pale grey and yellow. "Cities should not be dull and repetitive", Piano declared. "One of the reason we find them so beautiful and interesting is that they are full of surprises; even the idea of color represents a joyful surprise."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201675_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201675-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art_(BCAM_and_Resnick_Pavilion),_Los_Angeles_(2003–2010)"><span id="Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art_.28BCAM_and_Resnick_Pavilion.29.2C_Los_Angeles_.282003.E2.80.932010.29"></span>Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM and Resnick Pavilion), Los Angeles (2003–2010)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Los Angeles County Museum of Art (BCAM and Resnick Pavilion), Los Angeles (2003–2010)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Commissioned to design a "transformation" of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>, Piano designed a new building, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum at LACMA (BCAM) (2008), with 5,574 m<sup>2</sup> (60,000 sq ft) of space, as well as the BP Grand Entrance, an entrance pavilion with 750 m<sup>2</sup> (8,100 sq ft) of space, and the Lynda and Stewart Resnick Exhibition Pavilion (2010). The BCAM facade is concrete covered with plaques of cream-colored Italian travertine, harmonizing with the older buildings of the museum complex, but added distinctive Piano touches; finlike white sun shutters on the roof softening the sunlight, a red escalator on the outside of the main facade, and a stairway suspended by red cables on the other facade, reminiscent of the Centre Pompidou. The Resnik Pavilion, to the north of the BCAM, has 4,180 m<sup>2</sup> (45,000 sq ft) of space, with travertine covered walls to the east and west, glass walls on the north and south, and a roof with vertical glass shutters that open to the sky. Describing this project, Piano wrote: "It's not enough that the light is perfect. You also have a need for calm, serenity, and even a quality of voluptuousness connected with the contemplation of a work of art."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201677_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201677-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nicolai Ouroussoff, the architecture critic of <i>The New York Times</i>, admired the interior of the BCAM but was less impressed by the exteriors: "There is little of the formal freedom that is at the heart of the city's architectural legacy; nor is there much evidence of the structural refinement that we have come to expect in Mr. Piano's best work. The museum's monumental travertine form and lipstick-red exterior stairways are a curious mix of pomposity and pop-culture references. It's an architecture without conviction."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art,_Oslo,_Norway_(2006–2012)"><span id="Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art.2C_Oslo.2C_Norway_.282006.E2.80.932012.29"></span>Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2006–2012)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art, Oslo, Norway (2006–2012)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Astrup_Fearnley_Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art">Astrup Fearnley Museum of Modern Art</a> in Oslo, Norway (2006–2012) was designed to revive an old port and industrial area southwest of the center of Oslo with an art museum and offices, and to provide a destination and attraction on the edge of the picturesque fjord. The project has three buildings, two museum buildings and an office building, under a single glass roof, which covers 6,000 m<sup>2</sup> (65,000 sq ft). The construction materials include both steel and wood beams. A canal and walkway connect the museum with another area under development nearby, while the museum and walkway offer views of the fjord and center of Oslo. A sculpture park with works of <a href="/wiki/Anish_Kapoor" title="Anish Kapoor">Anish Kapoor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a> and other notable sculptors is placed between the museum and the water. The museum building on one side of the canal holds permanent exhibits, while the building on the other side is used for temporary exhibits. A bridge over the canal the two museum buildings. The construction materials include steel, glass and wooden beams, while the facades that are not made of glass are covered with finely-crafted weathered panels, in the tradition of Scandinavian architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201683_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201683-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kimbell_Art_Museum_extension,_Fort_Worth,_Texas_(2007–2013)"><span id="Kimbell_Art_Museum_extension.2C_Fort_Worth.2C_Texas_.282007.E2.80.932013.29"></span>Kimbell Art Museum extension, Fort Worth, Texas (2007–2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Kimbell Art Museum extension, Fort Worth, Texas (2007–2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The extension of the <a href="/wiki/Kimbell_Art_Museum" title="Kimbell Art Museum">Kimbell Art Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a> (2007–2013) is an addition to the museum designed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a> the modernist architect for whom Piano worked at the beginning of his career, completed in 1972. The building faces the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth, designed by <a href="/wiki/Tadao_Ando" title="Tadao Ando">Tadao Ando</a> (2002). The new gallery occupies 7,595 m<sup>2</sup> (81,750 sq ft), compared with 11,148 m<sup>2</sup> (120,000 sq ft) for the Kahn building, and cost 135 million dollars. Piano created a dramatic new entrance for the museum, with huge windows showing the bright red furniture against the alabaster white walls within. The materials used in the new museum included light-colored concrete, to harmonize with the Kahn building, combined with beams and ceilings of Douglas fir, and floors of white oak and an abundance of double-paned and fritted glass. The museum also includes modern ecological features including a vegetal roof, photovoltaic cells on the roof, geothermal wells, and <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> lighting. Piano wrote: "Our building echoes the Kahn building through its height, its scale and its general plan, but our building has a character that is more transparent and more open. Light, discreet (half of the surfaces are underground), it nonetheless has its own character and creates a dialogue between the old and the new."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201687_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201687-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the museum also attracted critics, who said it was not ambitious enough. Mark Lamster, architecture critic of the <i>Dallas Morning News</i>, wrote: "With its almost impossibly smooth walls and squared columns of titanium-treated concrete, Piano's front facade evinces a clinical, stoic perfectionism.... Altogether, the assembly is a minor miracle of construction. Most impressive are the beams: 100-foot-long bars of laminated Douglas fir, trucked from Canada. But for all its technical mastery, it offers none of the elemental majesty of Kahn's building across the lawn. It is deferential to a fault."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art,_New_York_City_(2007–2015)"><span id="Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art.2C_New_York_City_.282007.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Whitney Museum of American Art, New York City (2007–2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a> decided to move from its original building on Madison Avenue, constructed by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Breuer" title="Marcel Breuer">Marcel Breuer</a> in 1966, to a new location at the corner of Gansevoort and Washington in Manhattan, a neighborhood once occupied by meat packing houses, next to the <a href="/wiki/High_Line" title="High Line">High Line</a>, a riverside highway and park. The museum, with nine levels, has an asymmetric industrial look to match the architecture of the neighborhood. In addition to its interior galleries, it has 1,207 m<sup>2</sup> (12,990 sq ft) of open-air exhibit space on a large terrace atop one section of the building. It was built of steel, concrete, and stone, but also with pine wood and other materials recycled from demolished factories.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201689_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201689-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jule Iovine, architecture critic of the <i>Wall Street Journal</i>, called it "a welcoming, creative machine" thanks to its "open, changeable spaces," and Michael Kimmelman, critic of the <i>New York Times</i>, called it "an outdoor perch to see and be seen... There's a generosity to the architecture, a sense of art connecting with the city and vice versa".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Harvard_Art_Museums,_Cambridge,_Massachusetts_(2008–2014)"><span id="The_Harvard_Art_Museums.2C_Cambridge.2C_Massachusetts_.282008.E2.80.932014.29"></span>The Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008–2014)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: The Harvard Art Museums, Cambridge, Massachusetts (2008–2014)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning in 2008, Piano rebuilt an existing structure to house the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Art_Museums" title="Harvard Art Museums">Harvard Art Museums</a>, a consolidation of collections of the three art museums associated with <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. The new museum preserved the picturesque brick Ivy-League facade of the 1925 Fogg Museum (1925), but added a new space in the courtyard, covered by a pyramidal glass roof, which increased the gallery space by 40 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The renovation adds six levels of galleries, classrooms, lecture halls, and new study areas providing access to parts of the 250,000-piece collection of the museums.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new building was opened in November 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valletta_City_Gate_and_Parliament_House,_Malta_(2011–2015)"><span id="Valletta_City_Gate_and_Parliament_House.2C_Malta_.282011.E2.80.932015.29"></span>Valletta City Gate and Parliament House, Malta (2011–2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Valletta City Gate and Parliament House, Malta (2011–2015)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 'City Gate' project in <a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a>, Malta was the complete reorganization of the principal entrance to the Maltese capital of Valletta. It included a massive <a href="/wiki/City_Gate_(Valletta)" title="City Gate (Valletta)">City Gate</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Valletta" title="Fortifications of Valletta">16th-century city walls</a>, an open-air theatre 'machine' within the ruins of the former <a href="/wiki/Royal_Opera_House,_Valletta" title="Royal Opera House, Valletta">Royal Opera House</a>, and the construction of a new Parliament building. The gate project was controversial, though the old gate it replaced was only built in the 1960s, in the Italian rationalist style. The "theater machine" is particularly unusual; the original idea was that in summertime a steel portable theater with stage and wings and a thousand seats can be installed inside the ruins of the 19th century opera house, which had been destroyed in <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It has its own stage equipment and technology for reproducing the acoustics of a traditional opera house. When performances are not taking place, the "machine" was meant to turn back into a public square and gathering place. The <a href="/wiki/Parliament_House_(Malta)" title="Parliament House (Malta)">Parliament House</a> (2011–2015) is a mixture of modern technique and technology with the massive stone look of the city's old walls.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centro_de_Arte_Botín,_Santander,_Spain_(2012–2017)"><span id="Centro_de_Arte_Bot.C3.ADn.2C_Santander.2C_Spain_.282012.E2.80.932017.29"></span>Centro de Arte Botín, Santander, Spain (2012–2017)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Centro de Arte Botín, Santander, Spain (2012–2017)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Centro Botín</i> in <a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander, Spain</a> is a private sponsored project by the Fundación Botín whose aim is to be a hub for the promotion of culture both as a museum and as study centre. It consists on two buildings standing on columns over the sea line at the Bay of Santander. The western building hosts the exhibition space of 5,000 m<sup>2</sup> (54,000 sq ft) and the eastern is the one dedicated to study which hosts an auditorium, study rooms and other installations. Both are connected by a suspended square and set of stairs and platforms named "pachinko". This was Piano's first project in Spain and had some controversy over its location.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Critics describe the building as sublime and striking due to the conjunction of light, views and design that the buildings propose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center,_Athens,_Greece_(2016)"><span id="Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center.2C_Athens.2C_Greece_.282016.29"></span>Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center, Athens, Greece (2016)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation_Cultural_Center" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center">Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center</a> (SNFCC) in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens, Greece</a> is one of Piano's most dramatic projects. Located next to <a href="/wiki/Faliro_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Faliro Bay">Falirio Bay</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kallithea" title="Kallithea">Kalithea</a>, an ancient Greek port, four kilometres (2.5 mi) south of central Athens, on a site which served as a parking lot for the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>, it combines the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Greece" title="National Library of Greece">Greek National Library</a> and a new opera house for the <a href="/wiki/Greek_National_Opera" title="Greek National Opera">Greek National Opera</a> along with the Stavros Niarchos Park, an urban park covering an area of 210,000 m<sup>2</sup> (2,300,000 sq ft). An artificial hill was created to raise the building and give it a view of the nearby sea. The opera house has a 1400-seat main theater and a smaller "black box" theater of 400 seats. On top of the opera house a square horizontal glass box is placed, called <i>Pharos (Lighthouse),</i> similar to the perch of the art museum atop the Lingotto factory in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>. The entire structure is covered by a single flat roof, which provides shade, and which is covered with 10,000 m<sup>2</sup> (110,000 sq ft) of photovoltaic cells, generating 1.5 megawatts of electricity, designed to the building self-sufficient in energy during working hours. The cost of the project was 588 million dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krause_Gateway_Center,_Des_Moines,_Iowa_(2019)"><span id="Krause_Gateway_Center.2C_Des_Moines.2C_Iowa_.282019.29"></span>Krause Gateway Center, Des Moines, Iowa (2019)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Krause Gateway Center, Des Moines, Iowa (2019)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Krause Gateway Center in downtown <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a> adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Western_Gateway_Park" title="Western Gateway Park">Western Gateway Park</a> is the headquarters for the Krause Group, parent company of <a href="/wiki/Kum_%26_Go" title="Kum & Go">Kum & Go</a>. The architecture features long overhangs and giant glass panels.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures,_Los_Angeles,_California_(2021)"><span id="Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures.2C_Los_Angeles.2C_California_.282021.29"></span>Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, Los Angeles, California (2021)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Academy Museum of Motion Pictures, Los Angeles, California (2021)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Academy_Museum_of_Motion_Pictures" title="Academy Museum of Motion Pictures">Academy Museum of Motion Pictures</a> in Los Angeles is a conversion of the former May Company Department Store (1939), an <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> landmark opened in 2021. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Projects_under_construction_or_in_development">Projects under construction or in development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Projects under construction or in development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_L._Greene" title="Jerome L. Greene">Jerome L. Greene</a> Science Center for Mind Brain Behavior. part of the new Manhattanville Campus of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a>, New York City (with SOM). Besides the Greene science center, the RPBW is building the Lenfest Center for the Arts, the Forum, and the School of International and Public Affairs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesto_San_Giovanni" title="Sesto San Giovanni">Sesto San Giovanni</a> masterplan, <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, Italy (2004–)</li> <li>One Sydney Harbour tower in Sydney</li> <li>565 Broome at 565 Broome St., a twin-tower 30-story residential building in the west <a href="/wiki/Soho" title="Soho">Soho</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, broke ground December 2015 and completed 2019. The building is Piano's first ever residential structure in New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fubon_Xinyi_A25" title="Fubon Xinyi A25">Fubon Xinyi A25</a> in <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a>, Taiwan. Under construction and scheduled to open in 2022</li> <li>Ontario Court of Justice, <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. Under construction and scheduled to open in early 2022</li> <li>Float Office Building, <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>, Germany, to be completed in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>It has been announced that the Piano firm would partner with a Baltimore firm to design the <a href="/wiki/Stavros_Niarchos_Foundation" title="Stavros Niarchos Foundation">Stavros Niarchos Foundation</a> Agora Institute on the campus of The <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a></li> <li>In April 2019 it was announced that <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> will be partnering with the Renzo Piano Building Workshop for its new Science Gateway outreach center.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Cultural Center in former power plant GES-2 from 1907 in Moscow, financed by <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Mikhelson" title="Leonid Mikhelson">Leonid Mikhelson</a>, boss of power company Novatek, opening is planned for September 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ars_Aevi" title="Ars Aevi">Ars Aevi</a> museum of contemporary art in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998, Piano won the <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Pritzker Prize">Pritzker Prize</a>, often considered the Nobel Prize of architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Goldberger-1988_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberger-1988-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The jury citation compared Piano to <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Da_Vinci" class="mw-redirect" title="Da Vinci">da Vinci</a> and credited him with "redefining modern and postmodern architecture."<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, Piano was selected by <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100" title="Time 100">100 most influential people in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was chosen as the tenth most influential person in the "Arts and Entertainment" category. </p><p>On 18 March 2008, he became an honorary citizen of <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, Bosnia and Herzegovina.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2013, he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Senators_for_life_in_Italy" title="Senators for life in Italy">Senator for Life</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Republic_(Italy)" title="Senate of the Republic (Italy)">Senate</a> by Italian president <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Napolitano" title="Giorgio Napolitano">Giorgio Napolitano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Il_Presidente_Napolitano_nomina_Abbado-2013_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Il_Presidente_Napolitano_nomina_Abbado-2013-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1989, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Medal" title="Royal Gold Medal">Royal Gold Medal</a></li> <li>1990, Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic" title="Order of Merit of the Italian Republic">Order of Merit of the Italian Republic</a><sup id="cite_ref-Quirinale.it_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quirinale.it-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1990, <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Prize" title="Kyoto Prize">Kyoto Prize</a></li> <li>1994, <a href="/wiki/Italian_Medal_of_Merit_for_Culture_and_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Medal of Merit for Culture and Art">Gold Medal of Merit for Culture and Art</a><sup id="cite_ref-Quirinale.it_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Quirinale.it-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1995, <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_Prize" title="Erasmus Prize">Erasmus Prize</a></li> <li>1995, <a href="/wiki/Praemium_Imperiale" title="Praemium Imperiale">Praemium Imperiale</a></li> <li>1998, <a href="/wiki/Pritzker_Architecture_Prize" title="Pritzker Architecture Prize">Pritzker Architecture Prize</a></li> <li>2000, <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Wood_Architecture_Award" title="Spirit of Wood Architecture Award">Spirit of Wood Architecture Award</a>, Helsinki, Finland</li> <li>2002, <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Architects#UIA_Gold_Medal" title="International Union of Architects">International Union of Architects#UIA Gold Medal</a></li> <li>2004, Honorary doctorate from <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, New York</li> <li>2006, <a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_for_Italian_Architecture" title="Gold Medal for Italian Architecture">Gold Medal for Italian Architecture</a>, Milano</li> <li>2008, <a href="/wiki/AIA_Gold_Medal" title="AIA Gold Medal">AIA Gold Medal</a></li> <li>2008, <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a></li> <li>2013, elected into the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Design" title="National Academy of Design">National Academy of Design</a>, New York City</li> <li>2017, Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Order_of_Alfonso_X,_the_Wise" title="Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise">Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise</a><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_and_personal_life">Professional and personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Professional and personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Piano founded the Renzo Piano Building Workshop (RPBW) in 1981. In 2017 it had 150 collaborators in offices in Paris, Genoa, and New York. </p><p>In 2004, he became head of the Renzo Piano Foundation, dedicated to the promotion of the architectural profession. Since June 2008, the headquarters has been co-located with his architectural office at Punta Nave, near Genoa. </p><p>After his nomination as Senator for Life in 2013, an honour limited to five office holders in the sole gift of the Italian President, Renzo Piano set up a team of young architects called G124 whose mission is to work on the transformation of Italy's major cities' suburbs. Team members are paid with Renzo Piano senator's salary and change every year through a public selection. Projects have been developed in Turin, Milan, Padua, Venice and Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Piano resides in Paris with his second wife Milly and four children, Carlo, Matteo, Lia – from his first wife – and Giorgio.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201692_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201692-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since April 2023 he has been a member of the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Agnelli_family" title="Agnelli family">Agnelli</a> Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_works">List of works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: List of works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_works_by_Renzo_Piano" title="List of works by Renzo Piano">List of works by Renzo Piano</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/collection/worlds-greatest-places-2022/6194519/istanbul/">"Istanbul: World's Greatest Places 2022"</a>. 12 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Istanbul%3A+World%27s+Greatest+Places+2022&rft.date=2022-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Fcollection%2Fworlds-greatest-places-2022%2F6194519%2Fistanbul%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inexhibit.com/architects-artists/renzo-piano/">"Renzo Piano"</a>. <i>Inexhibit.com</i>. Inexhibit<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inexhibit.com&rft.atitle=Renzo+Piano&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inexhibit.com%2Farchitects-artists%2Frenzo-piano%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosia-2013-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bosia-2013_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosia2013" class="citation book cs1">Bosia, Daniela (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BR9PAQAAQBAJ&q=renzo+piano+&pg=PA15"><i>L'opera di Giuseppe Ciribini</i></a>. Milan: Franco Angelo. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788820443597" title="Special:BookSources/9788820443597"><bdi>9788820443597</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Agencia+Estatal+Bolet%C3%ADn+Oficial+del+Estado&rft.atitle=BOE-A-2017-12705+Real+Decreto+973%2F2017%2C+de+3+de+noviembre%2C+por+el+que+se+concede+la+Gran+Cruz+de+la+Orden+Civil+de+Alfonso+X+el+Sabio+al+se%C3%B1or+Renzo+Piano.&rft.date=2017-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boe.es%2Fbuscar%2Fdoc.php%3Fid%3DBOE-A-2017-12705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.renzopianog124.com/">"Homepage"</a>. <i>G124</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G124&rft.atitle=Homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.renzopianog124.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJodidio201692-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJodidio201692_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJodidio2016">Jodidio 2016</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fondazioneagnelli.it/en/2023/04/21/marta-cartabia-renzo-piano-e-andrea-in-the-fondazione-agnellis-board-of-directors/">Marta Cartabia, Renzo Piano e Andrea in the Fondazione Agnelli's Board of Directors</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:21st-century_architecture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:21st-century architecture">21st-century architecture</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJodidio2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jodidio, Philip (2016). <i>Renzo Piano Building Workshop</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-3637-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-3637-0"><bdi>978-3-8365-3637-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Renzo+Piano+Building+Workshop&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-8365-3637-0&rft.aulast=Jodidio&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiano2009" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piano, Renzo (2009) [2007]. <i>La Désobéissance de l'Architecte</i> (in French). Translated by Olivier Favier. Arléa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-86959-849-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-86959-849-2"><bdi>978-2-86959-849-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+D%C3%A9sob%C3%A9issance+de+l%27Architecte&rft.pub=Arl%C3%A9a&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-86959-849-2&rft.aulast=Piano&rft.aufirst=Renzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaschen2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Taschen, Aurelia and Balthazar (2016). <i>L'Architecture Moderne de A à Z</i> (in French). Bibliotheca Universalis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-5630-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8365-5630-9"><bdi>978-3-8365-5630-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Architecture+Moderne+de+A+%C3%A0+Z&rft.pub=Bibliotheca+Universalis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-8365-5630-9&rft.aulast=Taschen&rft.aufirst=Aurelia+and+Balthazar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARenzo+Piano" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renzo_Piano&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg/210px-Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg/315px-Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg/420px-Whitney_from_Hudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="1891" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dhIbawBv8LY">Whitney Stories: Renzo Piano</a>, 2:31, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqWNb5vofOs">Renzo Piano in conversation with Colin B. Bailey</a>, 7:12, <a href="/wiki/The_Morgan_Library_%26_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Morgan Library & Museum">The Morgan Library & Museum</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Renzo_Piano" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Renzo Piano">Renzo Piano</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111209135311/http://www.pritzkerprize.com/laureates/1998/index.html">Pritzker Architecture Prize biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Renzo_Piano.html">Profile at GreatBuildings.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arti-fact.com/architect/map/29/Renzo-Piano">Renzo Piano Architecture on Google maps</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Johnson" title="Philip Johnson">Philip Johnson</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Barrag%C3%A1n" title="Luis Barragán">Luis Barragán</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Stirling_(architect)" title="James Stirling (architect)">James Stirling</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roche" title="Kevin Roche">Kevin Roche</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Meier" title="Richard Meier">Richard Meier</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Hollein" title="Hans Hollein">Hans Hollein</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gottfried_B%C3%B6hm" title="Gottfried Böhm">Gottfried Böhm</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenz%C5%8D_Tange" title="Kenzō Tange">Kenzo Tange</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bunshaft" title="Gordon Bunshaft">Gordon Bunshaft</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Gehry" title="Frank Gehry">Frank Gehry</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aldo_Rossi" title="Aldo Rossi">Aldo Rossi</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Venturi" title="Robert Venturi">Robert Venturi</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Siza_Vieira" title="Álvaro Siza Vieira">Álvaro Siza Vieira</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fumihiko_Maki" title="Fumihiko Maki">Fumihiko Maki</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Portzamparc" title="Christian de Portzamparc">Christian de Portzamparc</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tadao_Ando" title="Tadao Ando">Tadao Ando</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Moneo" title="Rafael Moneo">Rafael Moneo</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sverre_Fehn" title="Sverre Fehn">Sverre Fehn</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renzo Piano</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster,_Baron_Foster_of_Thames_Bank" title="Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank">Norman Foster</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rem_Koolhaas" title="Rem Koolhaas">Rem Koolhaas</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herzog_%26_de_Meuron" title="Herzog & de Meuron">Herzog & de Meuron</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Murcutt" title="Glenn Murcutt">Glenn Murcutt</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zaha_Hadid" title="Zaha Hadid">Zaha Hadid</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thom_Mayne" title="Thom Mayne">Thom Mayne</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Mendes_da_Rocha" title="Paulo Mendes da Rocha">Paulo Mendes da Rocha</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers" title="Richard Rogers">Richard Rogers</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Zumthor" title="Peter Zumthor">Peter Zumthor</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kazuyo_Sejima" title="Kazuyo Sejima">Kazuyo Sejima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryue_Nishizawa" title="Ryue Nishizawa">Ryue Nishizawa</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Souto_de_Moura" title="Eduardo Souto de Moura">Eduardo Souto de Moura</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Shu" title="Wang Shu">Wang Shu</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Toyo_Ito" title="Toyo Ito">Toyo Ito</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ban" title="Shigeru Ban">Shigeru Ban</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frei_Otto" title="Frei Otto">Frei Otto</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Aravena" title="Alejandro Aravena">Alejandro Aravena</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Aranda" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafael Aranda">Rafael Aranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carme_Pigem" title="Carme Pigem">Carme Pigem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Vilalta" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramón Vilalta">Ramón Vilalta</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B._V._Doshi" title="B. V. Doshi">B. V. Doshi</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arata_Isozaki" title="Arata Isozaki">Arata Isozaki</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Farrell" title="Yvonne Farrell">Yvonne Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shelley_McNamara" title="Shelley McNamara">Shelley McNamara</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Lacaton" title="Anne Lacaton">Anne Lacaton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Philippe_Vassal" title="Jean-Philippe Vassal">Jean-Philippe Vassal</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A9b%C3%A9do_Francis_K%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Diébédo Francis Kéré">Diébédo Francis Kéré</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Chipperfield" title="David Chipperfield">David Chipperfield</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riken_Yamamoto" title="Riken Yamamoto">Riken Yamamoto</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Template talk:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning_Prize_laureates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sonning Prize laureates"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Recipients_of_the_Sonning_Prize" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Recipients of the <a href="/wiki/Sonning_Prize" title="Sonning Prize">Sonning Prize</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alvar_Aalto" title="Alvar Aalto">Alvar Aalto</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Barth" title="Karl Barth">Karl Barth</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Pire" title="Dominique Pire">Dominique Pire</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_von_Coudenhove-Kalergi" title="Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi">Richard von Coudenhove-Kalergi</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Willem_Visser_%27t_Hooft" title="Willem Visser 't Hooft">Willem Visser 't Hooft</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Koestler" title="Arthur Koestler">Arthur Koestler</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Halld%C3%B3r_Laxness" title="Halldór Laxness">Halldór Laxness</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Tau" title="Max Tau">Max Tau</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danilo_Dolci" title="Danilo Dolci">Danilo Dolci</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Arendt" title="Hannah Arendt">Hannah Arendt</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arne_N%C3%A6ss" title="Arne Næss">Arne Næss</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Gmeiner" title="Hermann Gmeiner">Hermann Gmeiner</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dario_Fo" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Heinesen" title="William Heinesen">William Heinesen</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_Habermas" title="Jürgen Habermas">Jürgen Habermas</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1clav_Havel" title="Václav Havel">Václav Havel</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kie%C5%9Blowski" title="Krzysztof Kieślowski">Krzysztof Kieślowski</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnter_Grass" title="Günter Grass">Günter Grass</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Utzon" title="Jørn Utzon">Jørn Utzon</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Barba" title="Eugenio Barba">Eugenio Barba</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Robinson" title="Mary Robinson">Mary Robinson</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mona_Hatoum" title="Mona Hatoum">Mona Hatoum</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gnes_Heller" title="Ágnes Heller">Ágnes Heller</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Renzo Piano</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Magnus_Enzensberger" title="Hans Magnus Enzensberger">Hans Magnus Enzensberger</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Orhan_Pamuk" title="Orhan Pamuk">Orhan Pamuk</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Svetlana_Alexievich" title="Svetlana Alexievich">Svetlana Alexievich</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marina_Abramovi%C4%87" title="Marina Abramović">Marina Abramović</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190148#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11889787X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81086234">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120176093">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120176093">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00719664">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Piano, Renzo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV036116">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36527044">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0014376&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1139182">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071904778">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90350668">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000223736&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000356508&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=342282">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200704009">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810606074505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007500811805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514146106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02125288?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500020049">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/11dad304-cc56-4ff3-a49e-55d5e810bb69">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/228565">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/8988">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adk.de/de/akademie/mitglieder/?we_objectID=54849">ADK</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1273724">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/persons/1000120">Structurae</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11889787X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11889787X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028314735">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w65t4x9c">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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